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Ochayon DE, DeVore SB, Chang WC, Krishnamurthy D, Seelamneni H, Grashel B, Spagna D, Andorf S, Martin LJ, Biagini JM, Waggoner SN, Khurana Hershey GK. Progressive accumulation of hyperinflammatory NKG2D low NK cells in early childhood severe atopic dermatitis. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadd3085. [PMID: 38335270 PMCID: PMC11107477 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often precedes the development of food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. The prevailing paradigm holds that a reduced frequency and function of natural killer (NK) cell contributes to AD pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms and contributions of NK cells to allergic comorbidities remain ill-defined. Here, analysis of circulating NK cells in a longitudinal early life cohort of children with AD revealed a progressive accumulation of NK cells with low expression of the activating receptor NKG2D, which was linked to more severe AD and sensitivity to allergens. This was most notable in children co-sensitized to food and aeroallergens, a risk factor for development of asthma. Individual-level longitudinal analysis in a subset of children revealed coincident reduction of NKG2D on NK cells with acquired or persistent sensitization, and this was associated with impaired skin barrier function assessed by transepidermal water loss. Low expression of NKG2D on NK cells was paradoxically associated with depressed cytolytic function but exaggerated release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. These observations provide important insights into a potential mechanism underlying the development of allergic comorbidity in early life in children with AD, which involves altered NK cell functional responses, and define an endotype of severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ochayon
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Stanley B. DeVore
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- Cancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Wan-Chi Chang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Durga Krishnamurthy
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Harsha Seelamneni
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Brittany Grashel
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Daniel Spagna
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Jocelyn M. Biagini
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Stephen N. Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- Cancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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Hidalgo-Gajardo A, Gutiérrez N, Lamazares E, Espinoza F, Escobar-Riquelme F, Leiva MJ, Villavicencio C, Mena-Ulecia K, Montesino R, Altamirano C, Sánchez O, Rivas CI, Ruíz Á, Toledo JR. Co-Formulation of Recombinant Porcine IL-18 Enhances the Onset of Immune Response in a New Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1788. [PMID: 38140192 PMCID: PMC10747595 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig is one of the most consumed meats worldwide. One of the main conditions for pig production is Porcine Enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. Among the effects of this disease is chronic mild diarrhea, which affects the weight gain of pigs, generating economic losses. Vaccines available to prevent this condition do not have the desired effect, but this limitation can be overcome using adjuvants. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 18 (IL-18), can improve an immune response, reducing the immune window of protection. In this study, recombinant porcine IL-18 was produced and expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. The protein's biological activity was assessed in vitro and in vivo, and we determined that the P. pastoris protein had better immunostimulatory activity. A vaccine candidate against L. intracellularis, formulated with and without IL-18, was used to determine the pigs' cellular and humoral immune responses. Animals injected with the candidate vaccine co-formulated with IL-18 showed a significant increase of Th1 immune response markers and an earlier increase of antibodies than those vaccinated without the cytokine. This suggests that IL-18 acts as an immunostimulant and vaccine adjuvant to boost the immune response against the antigens, reducing the therapeutic window of recombinant protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hidalgo-Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
- Centro de Desarrollo e Innovación Biovacuvet SpA, VIII Región, Concepción 4090838, Chile
| | - Nicolás Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
- Centro de Desarrollo e Innovación Biovacuvet SpA, VIII Región, Concepción 4090838, Chile
| | - Emilio Lamazares
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
| | - Felipe Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
- Centro de Desarrollo e Innovación Biovacuvet SpA, VIII Región, Concepción 4090838, Chile
| | - Fernanda Escobar-Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
| | - María J. Leiva
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
| | - Carla Villavicencio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
| | - Karel Mena-Ulecia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, IX Región, Temuco 4813302, Chile;
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, V Región, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
| | - Coralia I. Rivas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
| | - Álvaro Ruíz
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, XVI Región, Chillán 3812120, Chile;
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, VIII Región, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (A.H.-G.); (M.J.L.); (C.V.); (C.I.R.)
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Ochayon DE, DeVore SB, Chang WC, Krishnamurthy D, Seelamneni H, Grashel B, Spagna D, Andorf S, Martin LJ, Biagini JM, Waggoner S, Hershey GKK. Progressive accumulation of hyperinflammatory NKG2D low NK cells in early childhood severe atopic dermatitis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.02.23290884. [PMID: 37333102 PMCID: PMC10274972 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.23290884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often precedes the development of food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. The prevailing paradigm holds that a reduced frequency and function of natural killer (NK) cell contributes to AD pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms and contributions of NK cells to allergic co-morbidities remain ill-defined. Herein, analysis of circulating NK cells in a longitudinal early life cohort of children with AD revealed a progressive accumulation of NK cells with low expression of the activating receptor NKG2D, which was linked to more severe AD and sensitivity to allergens. This was most notable in children co-sensitized to food and aero allergens, a risk factor for development of asthma. Individual-level longitudinal analysis in a subset of children revealed co-incident reduction of NKG2D on NK cells with acquired or persistent sensitization, and this was associated with impaired skin barrier function assessed by transepidermal water loss. Low expression of NKG2D on NK cells was paradoxically associated with depressed cytolytic function but exaggerated release of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. These observations provide important insights into a potential mechanism underlying the development of allergic co-morbidity in early life in children with AD which involves altered NK-cell functional responses, and define an endotype of severe AD.
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Tian P, Yang W, Guo X, Wang T, Tan S, Sun R, Xiao R, Wang Y, Jiao D, Xu Y, Wei Y, Wu Z, Li C, Gao L, Ma C, Liang X. Early life gut microbiota sustains liver-resident natural killer cells maturation via the butyrate-IL-18 axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1710. [PMID: 36973277 PMCID: PMC10043027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-resident natural killer cells, a unique lymphocyte subset in liver, develop locally and play multifaceted immunological roles. However, the mechanisms for the maintenance of liver-resident natural killer cell homeostasis remain unclear. Here we show that early-life antibiotic treatment blunt functional maturation of liver-resident natural killer cells even at adulthood, which is dependent on the durative microbiota dysbiosis. Mechanistically, early-life antibiotic treatment significantly decreases butyrate level in liver, and subsequently led to defective liver-resident natural killer cell maturation in a cell-extrinsic manner. Specifically, loss of butyrate impairs IL-18 production in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes through acting on the receptor GPR109A. Disrupted IL-18/IL-18R signaling in turn suppresses the mitochondrial activity and the functional maturation of liver-resident natural killer cells. Strikingly, dietary supplementation of experimentally or clinically used Clostridium butyricum restores the impaired liver-resident natural killer cell maturation and function induced by early-life antibiotic treatment. Our findings collectively unmask a regulatory network of gut-liver axis, highlighting the importance of the early-life microbiota in the development of tissue-resident immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tian
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Siyu Tan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Renhui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Deyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yachen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Yang YC, Chen SN, Gan Z, Huang L, Li N, Wang KL, Nie P. Functional characterization of IL-18 receptor subunits, IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ, and its natural inhibitor, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104610. [PMID: 36496012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an important proinflammation and immunomodulatory cytokine, IL-18 has been reported in several species of fish, but its receptor subunits, IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ, and its decoy receptor, IL-18BP, have not been functionally characterized in fish. In the present study, IL-18Rα, IL-18Rβ and IL-18BP were cloned from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and they possess common conserved domains with their mammalian orthologues. In tested organs/tissues, IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ exhibit basal expression levels, and IL-18BP has a pattern of constitutive expression. When transfected with different combinations of chimeric receptors in HEK293T cells, recombinant IL-18 (rIL-18) can induce the activation of NF-κB only when pcDNA3.1-IL-18Rα/IL-1R1 and pcDNA3.1-IL-18Rβ/IL-1RAP were both expressed. On the other hand, recombinant receptors, including rIL-18BP, rIL-18Rα-ECD-Fc and rIL-18Rβ-ECD-Fc can down-regulate significantly the activity of NF-κB, suggesting the participation of IL-18Rα, IL-18Rβ and IL-18BP in rainbow trout IL-18 signal transduction. Co-IP assays indicated that IL-18Rβ may form a complex with MyD88, IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6 and TAB2 in HEK293T cells, indicating that IL-18Rβ, in IL-18 signalling pathway, is associated with these signalling molecules. In conclusion, IL-18Rα, IL-18Rβ and IL-18BP in rainbow trout are conserved in function and signalling pathway with their mammalian orthologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - P Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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Kim CS, Lee SY, Cho SH, Ko YM, Kim BH, Kim HJ, Park JC, Kim DK, Ahn H, Kim BO, Lim SH, Chun HS, Kim DK. Cordyceps militaris induces the IL-18 expression via its promoter activation for IFN-gamma production. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:366-371. [PMID: 18929637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps militaris, one of traditional herbal ingredient in oriental medicine, has been known to promote anticancer and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the biological mechanism of anticancer activity has been unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Cordyceps militaris extract on expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) through interlukin-18 (IL-18) induction and its biological mechanism in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were administrated orally with solution extracted from Cordyceps militaris. The transcription level of IL-18 and IFN-gamma production were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RAW 264.7 cells were transiently transfected with pCATp1 and pCATp2 for IL-18 promoter functional analysis. RESULTS Cordyceps militaris extracts treatment significantly induced level of IL-18 transcription in mouse brain and liver and enhanced IL-18 transcription level and activated the IFN-gamma production in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, Cordyceps militaris extract led to increase the activity of pCATp1 construct containing the 5' franking region of IL-18 promoter in RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION Cordyceps militaris extract induced IL-18 mRNA level via enhancing of P1 promoter region result in activation of IFN-gamma production, indicating its potential as an immune activator or anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute and The second stage of BK21, Chosun University College of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Zhao X, Tang L, Zhang Y, Ruan H, Pi H, Qiu J, Wu J. Immunomodulatory activity of the rhizomes of Impatiens pritzellii var. hupehensis on collagen-induced arthritis mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 109:505-9. [PMID: 17113740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Impatiens pritzellii Hook. f. var. hupehensis Hook. f. (Balsaminaceae) has been well-known and widely used in China as an anti-rheumatoid arthritis (anti-RA) herb. In this present study, mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) have been treated with the methanol (MeOH) extract (0.56, 1.12, 1.68 and 2.24 g/kg body weight) and the n-butanol (BuOH) fraction (0.13, 0.27, 0.40 and 0.53 g/kg body weight) of the rhizomes of Impatiens pritzellii orally for 3 weeks. The progression of CIA was evaluated by macroscopic scoring. Administration of the MeOH extract at dose of 1.12 g/kg and the BuOH fraction at 0.53 g/kg suppressed the development of CIA in mice significantly. The spleen and thymus indexes were measured and the levels of IgG, IL-10, INF-gamma and IL-18 in the serum of CIA mice were examined after the treatment of the MeOH extract (1.12 and 1.68 g/kg body weight) and the BuOH fraction (0.40 and 0.53 g/kg body weight). Administration of the MeOH extract and the BuOH fraction of Impatiens pritzellii decreased the spleen and thymus indexes, down-regulated the levels of IgG, INF-gamma, IL-18, and up-regulated the concentration of IL-10 in the serum of mice with CIA. From the results, it was concluded that administration of Impatiens pritzellii had obviously therapeutic effects on RA including immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, the BuOH fraction exerted the activity of anti-RA of Impatiens pritzellii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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8
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Han MY, Zheng S, Yu JM, Peng JP, Guo QS, Wang JL. Study on interleukin-18 gene transfer into human breast cancer cells to prevent tumorigenicity. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2004; 5:472-476. [PMID: 14994440 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2004.0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of interleukin-18 gene transfection on the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cell line Bacp37, human breast cancer cell line Bcap37 were transfected with Lipofectamine and selected by G418. The biological expression of rhIL-18 was tested by RT-PCR and ELISA method; nude mice were injected with Bcap37 cell with or without the hIL-18 gene. The hIL-18 cDNA was successfully integrated into Bcap37 cell; 126.3+/-4.5 pg hIL-18 secreted by one million transduced cells in 24 hours. Nude mice injected with IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cell had no tumor growth. These findings indicated that human breast cancer cells were successfully modified by the gene of IL-18 cytokine; the IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cells secreted hIL-18 and lost their tumorigenicity. The Bcap37 cells transduced with IL-18 gene may be used as breast cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-yong Han
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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9
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O’Donnell MA, Luo Y, Chen X, Szilvasi A, Hunter SE, Clinton SK. Role of IL-12 in the Induction and Potentiation of IFN-γ in Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.8.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been accepted as the most effective agent in clinical use against superficial bladder cancer, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. A kinetic analysis in assessing the potential role of cytokines from BCG-stimulated murine splenocytes showed that IL-12 expression preceded that of other cytokines. Experiments subtracting endogenous BCG-driven IL-12 using neutralizing Ab or augmenting its activity with supplemental rIL-12 revealed not only that IL-12 plays a dominant role in IFN-γ induction but also that it is normally dose limiting. A striking increase in IFN-γ production could be generated in both mouse and human immunocompetent cell culture by the addition of even a small amount of rIL-12. Moreover, this same synergistic effect could be replicated during in vivo administration of BCG plus rIL-12 into the mouse bladder and was observed in a patient receiving intravesical combination therapy. In costimulation cultures, this synergy appeared to partially rely on IL-18 and IL-2 and could be down-regulated by IL-10. This suggests that a dynamic interplay between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is responsible for net IFN-γ production. The ability of supplemental exogenous IL-12 to strongly shift this balance toward Th1 provides an immunological basis for using it in conjunction with intravesical BCG for bladder cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Luo
- *Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- *Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Akos Szilvasi
- *Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Steven K. Clinton
- ‡Division Hematology and Oncology, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210
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10
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Kremer L, Dupré L, Wolowczuk I, Locht C. In Vivo Immunomodulation Following Intradermal Injection with DNA Encoding IL-18. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18, a recently identified cytokine synthesized by different cell types, including Kupffer cells, activated macrophages, and keratinocytes, induces IFN-γ production by T cells and NK cells. The cDNA encoding IL-18 with its natural signal peptide was cloned under control of the CMV promoter and injected into the skin of mice. A single intradermal injection of this construction led to efficient in vivo expression of IL-18 in cutaneous dermal cells and induced IFN-γ mRNA production, indicating that it was produced in a biologically active form. In addition, a massive cellular infiltrate was observed in the skin 2 days after injection. When the mice were subsequently infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), they produced lower levels of anti-BCG Abs than control animals. However, in contrast to their lowered humoral immune response, the mice produced higher amounts of Ag-specific IFN-γ after in vitro restimulation, as compared with the controls. Therefore, injection of DNA encoding IL-18 into the skin modulates both Ag-specific humoral and T cell responses upon mycobacterial infection. It increases the Th1 type response, which may be particularly useful for the development of new immunotherapeutic or immunoprotective approaches against infections by intracellular parasites, such as mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kremer
- *Laboratoire de Microbiologie Génétique et Moléculaire Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U447,
| | - Loïc Dupré
- †Centre d’Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U167, and
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- ‡Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 1854, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- *Laboratoire de Microbiologie Génétique et Moléculaire Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U447,
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11
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Kim YM, Kang HS, Paik SG, Pyun KH, Anderson KL, Torbett BE, Choi I. Roles of IFN Consensus Sequence Binding Protein and PU.1 in Regulating IL-18 Gene Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18 is expressed from a variety of cell types. Two promoters located upstream of exon 1 (5′-flanking region) and upstream of exon 2 (intron 1) regulate its expression. Both promoter regions were cloned into pCAT-Basic plasmid to yield p1-2686 for the 5′-flanking promoter and p2-2.3 for the intron 1 promoter. Both promoters showed basal constitutive activity and LPS inducibility when transfected into RAW 264.7 macrophages. To learn the regulatory elements of both promoters, 5′-serial deletion and site-directed mutants were prepared. For the activity of the p1-2686 promoter, the IFN consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) binding site between −39 and −22 was critical. EMSA using an oligonucleotide probe encompassing the ICSBP binding site showed that LPS treatment increased the formation of DNA binding complex. In addition, when supershift assays were performed, retardation of the protein-DNA complex was seen after the addition of anti-ICSBP Ab. For the activity of the p2-2.3 promoter, the PU.1 binding site between −31 and −13 was important. EMSA using a PU.1-specific oligonucleotide demonstrated that LPS treatment increased PU.1 binding activity. The addition of PU.1-specific Ab to LPS-treated nuclear extracts resulted in the formation of a supershifted complex. Furthermore, cotransfection of ICSBP or PU.1 expression vector increased p1 promoter activity or IL-18 expression, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that ICSBP and PU.1 are critical elements for IL-18 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Man Kim
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Paik
- †Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Kwang-Ho Pyun
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Karen L. Anderson
- ‡Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- ‡Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Inpyo Choi
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hashimoto W, Osaki T, Okamura H, Robbins PD, Kurimoto M, Nagata S, Lotze MT, Tahara H. Differential Antitumor Effects of Administration of Recombinant IL-18 or Recombinant IL-12 Are Mediated Primarily by Fas-Fas Ligand- and Perforin-Induced Tumor Apoptosis, Respectively. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.2.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Systemic administration of rIL-18 protein to mice significantly suppresses the growth of murine tumor cell lines. The antitumor effect of IL-18 appears to be primarily mediated by asialo GM1+ cells. Since IL-18 enhances Fas ligand (FasL) expression on NK cell lines, the IL-18 antitumor effects could be mediated by FasL-induced cross-linking of Fas and subsequent tumor apoptosis. To address this question, rIL-18 or rIL-12 was administered to animals bearing the CL8-1 melanoma inoculated intradermally into wild type (wt), lymphoproliferation gene (lpr) (Fas deficient), or generalized lymphoproliferative disease gene (gld) (FasL deficient) mice. Although rIL-12 treatment retained significant antitumor effects in gld and lpr mice, those of rIL-18 administration were completely abrogated in gld but not lpr or wt mice. In vitro cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced against NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells and CL8-1 cells by rIL-18 administration to wt mice, but not to gld mice. Furthermore, rIL-18 administration augmented the cytotoxicity of liver lymphocytes harvested from perforin-deficient mice, whereas rIL-12 administration did not. Consistent with the role of this pathway, rIL-18 administration also up-regulates the expression of FasL mRNA in splenocytes. Lysis of CL8-1 cells induced by anti-Fas agonistic Ab was enhanced about 1.4-fold by IFN-γ, a cytokine that is induced by IL-18 in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that the antitumor effect of IL-18 is exerted predominantly through a Fas-dependent pathway. The perforin pathway, however, appears to be the predominant cytolytic pathway mediating IL-12 antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haruki Okamura
- ‡Division of Host Defense, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- †Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- §Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan; and
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- ¶Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- *Surgery and
- †Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- *Surgery and
- †Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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13
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Thomas JA, Allen JL, Tsen M, Dubnicoff T, Danao J, Liao XC, Cao Z, Wasserman SA. Impaired Cytokine Signaling in Mice Lacking the IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.2.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Stimulation of the type 1 IL-1R (IL-1R1) and the IL-18R by their cognate ligands induces recruitment of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK). Activation of IRAK leads in turn to nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which directs expression of innate and adaptive immune response genes. To study IRAK function in cytokine signaling, we generated cells and mice lacking the IRAK protein. IRAK-deficient fibroblasts show diminished activation of NF-κB when stimulated with IL-1. Immune effector cells without IRAK exhibit a defective IFN-γ response to costimulation with IL-18. Furthermore, mice lacking the Irak gene demonstrate an attenuated response to injected IL-1. Deletion of Irak, however, does not affect the ability of mice to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity or clear infection with the intracellular parasite, Listeria monocytogenes. These results demonstrate that although IRAK participates in IL-1 and IL-18 signal transduction, residual cytokine responsiveness operates through an IRAK-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerry L. Allen
- †Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and
| | | | | | - Jay Danao
- ‡Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | - Zhaodan Cao
- ‡Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Steven A. Wasserman
- †Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and
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14
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Monteleone G, Trapasso F, Parrello T, Biancone L, Stella A, Iuliano R, Luzza F, Fusco A, Pallone F. Bioactive IL-18 Expression Is Up-Regulated in Crohn’s Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.1.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
An imbalance of immunoregulatory factors is believed to contribute to uncontrolled mucosal Th1 cell activation in Crohn’s disease (CD). IL-18, a macrophage-like cell-derived cytokine, is involved in Th1 clone development, and IFN-γ production. Therefore, IL-18 expression was investigated in CD. Whole mucosal intestinal tissue and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) of 12 CD and 9 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 15 non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls were tested for IL-18 by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Transcripts for IL-18 were found in all samples tested. However, increased IL-18 mRNA accumulation was detected in both mucosal and LPMC samples from CD in comparison to UC and controls. In CD, transcripts for IL-18 were more abundant in the mucosal samples taken from involved areas. An 18-kDa band consistent with mature IL-18 was predominantly found in CD mucosal samples. In mucosal samples from non-IBD controls, IL-18 was present as a 24-kDa polypeptide. Consistently, active IL-1β-converting enzyme (ICE) subunit (p20) was expressed in samples from either CD or UC, whereas, in colonic mucosa from non-IBD controls, ICE was synthesized as precursor (p45) only. To confirm that IL-18 produced in CD tissue was functionally active, CD LPMC were treated with a specific IL-18 antisense oligonucleotide. In these cultures, IL-18 down-regulation was accompanied by a decrease in IFN-γ expression. In aggregate, our data indicate that IL-18 up-regulation is a feature of CD and suggest that IL-18 may contribute to the local immunoinflammatory response in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteleone
- *Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita’ di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; and
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- *Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita’ di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; and
| | - Tiziana Parrello
- *Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita’ di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; and
| | - Livia Biancone
- †Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universita’ di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Stella
- *Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita’ di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; and
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- *Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita’ di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; and
| | - Francesco Luzza
- *Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita’ di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; and
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- *Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita’ di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; and
| | - Francesco Pallone
- †Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universita’ di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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15
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Pizarro TT, Michie MH, Bentz M, Woraratanadharm J, Smith MF, Foley E, Moskaluk CA, Bickston SJ, Cominelli F. IL-18, a Novel Immunoregulatory Cytokine, Is Up-Regulated in Crohn’s Disease: Expression and Localization in Intestinal Mucosal Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18, a novel immunoregulatory cytokine with potent IFN-γ-inducing activities, may play an important role in Th1-mediated chronic inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression and localization of IL-18 in colonic specimens and isolated mucosal cell populations from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), a prototypic Th1-mediated disorder. Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR protocol, IL-18 mRNA transcripts were found to be increased in freshly isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) from CD compared with ulcerative colitis (UC) and noninflamed control (cont) patients, and were more abundant in IEC compared with LPMC. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgically resected colonic tissues localized IL-18 to both LPMC (specifically, macrophages and dendritic cells) as well as IEC. Staining was more intense in CD compared with UC and cont, and in involved (inv) vs noninvolved (n inv) areas. Western blot analysis revealed that an 18.3-kDa band, consistent with both recombinant and mature human IL-18 protein, was found predominantly in CD vs UC intestinal mucosal biopsies; a second band of 24 kDa, consistent with the inactive IL-18 precursor, was detected in n inv areas from both CD and UC biopsies and was the sole form found in noninflamed cont. To our knowledge, this report is the first describing increased expression of IL-18 in a human Th1-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. In addition, our studies further support the concept that IEC and dendritic cells may possess important immunoregulatory functions in both normal, as well as pathological, mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugene Foley
- †Surgery, and
- §Digestive Health Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Christopher A. Moskaluk
- ‡Pathology, and
- §Digestive Health Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Stephen J. Bickston
- *Medicine,
- §Digestive Health Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- *Medicine,
- §Digestive Health Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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16
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García VE, Uyemura K, Sieling PA, Ochoa MT, Morita CT, Okamura H, Kurimoto M, Rea TH, Modlin RL. IL-18 Promotes Type 1 Cytokine Production from NK Cells and T Cells in Human Intracellular Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.10.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the role of IL-18 in leprosy, a disease characterized by polar cytokine responses that correlate with clinical disease. In vivo, IL-18 mRNA expression was higher in lesions from resistant tuberculoid as compared with susceptible lepromatous patients, and, in vitro, monocytes produced IL-18 in response to Mycobacterium leprae. rIL-18 augmented M. leprae-induced IFN-γ in tuberculoid patients, but not lepromatous patients, while IL-4 production was not induced by IL-18. Anti-IL-12 partially inhibited M. leprae-induced release of IFN-γ in the presence of IL-18, suggesting a combined effect of IL-12 and IL-18 in promoting M. leprae-specific type 1 responses. IL-18 enhanced M. leprae-induced IFN-γ production rapidly (24 h) by NK cells and in a more sustained manner (5 days) by T cells. Finally, IL-18 directly induced IFN-γ production from mycobacteria-reactive T cell clones. These results suggest that IL-18 induces type 1 cytokine responses in the host defense against intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig T. Morita
- ‡Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haruki Okamura
- §Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- ¶Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Labs, Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan; and
| | - Thomas H. Rea
- ∥Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- *Division of Dermatology and
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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17
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Kojima H, Aizawa Y, Yanai Y, Nagaoka K, Takeuchi M, Ohta T, Ikegami H, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M. An Essential Role for NF-κB in IL-18-Induced IFN-γ Expression in KG-1 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18 is a multifunctional cytokine playing various regulatory roles in the immune system including induced cytokine production. As a part of our ongoing studies on the molecular mechanisms of IL-18-induced IFN-γ production, we have examined the transcriptional regulation of the IFN-γ gene by IL-18 in a human myelomonocytic cell line, KG-1. On the basis of DNA/protein binding, we have determined an IL-18-inducible NF-κB binding site located at −786 to −776 of the IFN-γ gene regulatory region (designated KBBsite). Transient transfection of promoter-reporter gene constructs revealed that the KBBsite is required for full IL-18-induced activation of the IFN-γ gene transcription induced by IL-18. In addition, stable transformants of a dominant-negative form of the IκBα showed an inhibition of IL-18-dependent IκBα degradation, NF-κB activation, and expression of IFN-γ. These results are the first to show the actual significance of the NF-κB pathway in the regulation of IFN-γ gene expression by IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Kojima
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Aizawa
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yanai
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsue Nagaoka
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeuchi
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsunetaka Ohta
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hakuo Ikegami
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masao Ikeda
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Fehniger TA, Shah MH, Turner MJ, VanDeusen JB, Whitman SP, Cooper MA, Suzuki K, Wechser M, Goodsaid F, Caligiuri MA. Differential Cytokine and Chemokine Gene Expression by Human NK Cells Following Activation with IL-18 or IL-15 in Combination with IL-12: Implications for the Innate Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.8.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
NK cells constitutively express monocyte-derived cytokine (monokine) receptors and secrete cytokines and chemokines following monokine stimulation, and are therefore a critical component of the innate immune response to infection. Here we compared the effects of three monokines (IL-18, IL-15, and IL-12) on human NK cell cytokine and chemokine production. IL-18, IL-15, or IL-12 alone did not stimulate significant cytokine or chemokine production in resting NK cells. The combination of IL-18 and IL-12 induced extremely high amounts of IFN-γ protein (225 ± 52 ng/ml) and a 1393 ± 643-fold increase in IFN-γ gene expression over those in resting NK cells. IL-15 and IL-12 induced less IFN-γ protein (24 ± 10 ng/ml; p < 0.007) and only a 45 ± 19-fold increase in IFN-γ gene expression over those in resting NK cells. The CD56bright NK cell subset produced significantly more IFN-γ following IL-18 and IL-12 compared with CD56dim NK cells (p < 0.008). However, the combination of IL-15 and IL-12 was significantly more potent than that of IL-18 and IL-12 for NK cell production of IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and TNF-α at the protein and transcript levels. Granulocyte-macrophage CSF was optimally induced by IL-15 and IL-18. Resting CD56+ NK cells expressed IL-18R transcript that was up-regulated by IL-12 or IL-15. Our results show that distinct cytokine and chemokine patterns are induced in NK cells in response to different costimulatory signals from these three monokines. This suggests that NK cell cytokine production may be governed in part by the monokine milieu induced during the early proinflammatory response to infection and by the subset of NK cells present at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. Fehniger
- *Hematology/Oncology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
- ‡Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Manisha H. Shah
- *Hematology/Oncology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Matthew J. Turner
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Jeffrey B. VanDeusen
- *Hematology/Oncology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Susan P. Whitman
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Mark Wechser
- §PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA 94404
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Frederico Goodsaid
- §PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA 94404
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- *Hematology/Oncology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
- †Human Cancer Genetics,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
- ‡Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of
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19
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Okamoto I, Kohno K, Tanimoto T, Ikegami H, Kurimoto M. Development of CD8+ Effector T Cells Is Differentially Regulated by IL-18 and IL-12. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the effects of IL-18 on the development of CD8+ effector T cells in DBA/2 anti-BDF1 whole spleen cell MLC and compared the results with those of IL-12. Addition of IL-18 to the MLC resulted in a twofold increase in CD8/CD4 ratios compared with the control cultures when cells were expanded in IL-2-containing medium following MLC. Purified CD8+ T cells recovered from the IL-18-stimulated MLC produced 20- to 30-fold more IFN-γ after secondary stimulation with C57BL/6 spleen cells or anti-CD3 mAb, and exhibited strong allospecific CTL activity. Neither IL-18 nor IL-18-supplemented culture supernatants from DBA/2 anti-BDF1 MLC induced type I CD8+ effector T cells when purified CD8+ T cells were used as responder cells in primary MLC. Furthermore, CD4+ T cell depletion from the responder cells abrogated the IL-18-induced increase in secondary IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells, suggesting that IL-18-induced type I effector CD8+ T cell development was CD4+ T cell dependent. In marked contrast, adding IL-12 to primary MLC decreased CD8/CD4 ratios by 50% and suppressed secondary IFN-γ production and CTL activity by CD8+ T cells regardless of concentration, whereas Th1 development was promoted by IL-12. Moreover, both IL-12 and IL-18 efficiently induced type I CD8+ effector T cells in C57BL/6 anti-BDF1 MLC. These findings show that IL-18 plays an important role in the generation of type I CD8+ effector T cells, and further suggest that functional maturation of CD8+ T cells is differentially regulated by IL-18 and IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Okamoto
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keizo Kohno
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadao Tanimoto
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hakuo Ikegami
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Luo Y, Chen X, Downs TM, DeWolf WC, O’Donnell MA. IFN-α 2B Enhances Th1 Cytokine Responses in Bladder Cancer Patients Receiving Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Combination therapy with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) plus IFN-α for superficial bladder cancer has been demonstrated to be more effective than either single agent alone in animal studies and of suggested greater efficacy in clinical studies. However, the mechanism by which IFN-α enhances BCG-mediated antitumor activity is poorly understood. Using PBMCs from bladder cancer patients, IFN-α was found to substantially enhance the efficacy of BCG to induce IFN-γ production. Among 34 patients tested, 80% showed >4-fold increase. This effect of IFN-α was observed in both initial and memory responses to BCG. In addition, IFN-α up-regulated BCG-induced IL-12 and TNF-α and down-regulated BCG-induced IL-10. Neutralizing endogenous IL-10 or adding exogenous IL-12 provided further synergy for IFN-γ production. In clinical practice, intravesical IFN-α 2B (50 million units (MU)/dose) was observed to accelerate urinary IFN-γ production to low-dose BCG (one-tenth or one-third of a full dose) in patients treated with combination therapy compared with BCG alone. These results suggest that IFN-α is a potent BCG enhancer that polarizes the BCG-induced immune response toward the cellular immune pathway by promoting Th1 cytokine expression and reducing Th2 cytokine expression. This study provides an immunological basis for future rational use of IFN-α in conjunction with intravesical BCG for bladder cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tracy M. Downs
- Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - William C. DeWolf
- Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Michael A. O’Donnell
- Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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21
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Hyodo Y, Matsui K, Hayashi N, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura SI, Yamauchi H, Hiroishi K, Takeda K, Tagawa YI, Iwakura Y, Kayagaki N, Kurimoto M, Okamura H, Hada T, Yagita H, Akira S, Nakanishi2 K, Higashino K. IL-18 Up-Regulates Perforin-Mediated NK Activity Without Increasing Perforin Messenger RNA Expression by Binding to Constitutively Expressed IL-18 Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18 is a powerful inducer of IFN-γ production, particularly in collaboration with IL-12. IL-18, like IL-12, also augments NK activity. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the up-regulation of killing activity of NK cells by IL-18. IL-18, like IL-12, dose dependently enhanced NK activity of splenocytes. This action was further enhanced by costimulation with IL-12. Treatment with anti-IL-2R Ab did not affect IL-18- and/or IL-12-augmented NK activity, and splenocytes from IFN-γ-deficient mice showed enhanced NK activity following stimulation with IL-12 and/or IL-18. Splenocytes from the mice deficient in both IL-12 and IL-18 normally responded to IL-18 and/or IL-12 with facilitated NK activity, suggesting that functional NK cells develop in the absence of IL-12 and IL-18. IL-18R, as well as IL-12R mRNA, was constitutively expressed in splenocytes from SCID mice, which lack T cells and B cells but have intact NK cells, and in those from IL-12 and IL-18 double knockout mice. NK cells isolated from SCID splenocytes expressed IL-18R on their surface. IL-18, in contrast to IL-12, did not enhance mRNA expression of perforin, a key molecule for exocytosis-mediated cytotoxicity. However, pretreatment with concanamycin A completely inhibited this IL-18- and/or IL-12-augmented NK activity. Furthermore, IL-18, like IL-12, failed to enhance NK activity of splenocytes from perforin-deficient mice. These data suggested that NK cells develop and express IL-12R and IL-18R in the absence of IL-12 or IL-18, and that both IL-18 and IL-12 directly and independently augment perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shin-ichiro Kashiwamura
- §Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamauchi
- ¶Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoh-ichi Tagawa
- ∥Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- ∥Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- #Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- ¶Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- §Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Yagita
- #Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- ‡Department of Biochemistry and
- §Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakanishi2
- †Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology,
- §Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Higashino
- *Third Department of Internal Medicine,
- §Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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22
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Olee T, Hashimoto S, Quach J, Lotz M. IL-18 Is Produced by Articular Chondrocytes and Induces Proinflammatory and Catabolic Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.2.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18, a cytokine originally identified as IFN-γ-inducing factor, is a member of the IL-1 family of proteins. Because IL-1α and IL-1β are important mediators in the pathogenesis of arthritis, the present study addresses the expression of IL-18 and its role in regulating in articular chondrocytes. IL-18 mRNA was induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes. Chondrocytes produced the IL-18 precursor and in response to IL-1 stimulation secreted the mature form of IL-18. Studies on IL-18 effects on chondrocytes showed that it inhibits TGF-β-induced proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production. IL-18 stimulated the expression of several genes in normal human articular chondrocytes including inducible nitric oxide synthase, inducible cyclooxygenase, IL-6, and stromelysin. Gene expression was associated with the synthesis of the corresponding proteins. Treatment of normal human articular cartilage with IL-18 increased the release of glycosaminoglycans. These finding identify IL-18 as a cytokine that regulates chondrocyte responses and contributes to cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsaiwei Olee
- Division of Arthritis Research, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sanshiro Hashimoto
- Division of Arthritis Research, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jacqueline Quach
- Division of Arthritis Research, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Martin Lotz
- Division of Arthritis Research, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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23
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Ma W, Pober JS. Human Endothelial Cells Effectively Costimulate Cytokine Production by, But Not Differentiation of, Naive CD4+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We compared costimulatory signals provided by human endothelial cells (ECs) to those provided by conventional bone marrow-derived APCs, i.e., peripheral blood-adherent mononuclear cells (PBAMCs), by measuring their effects on cytokine production by naive or memory CD4+ T cells stimulated by PHA. In these assays, ECs effectively costimulate secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 from both naive and memory CD4+ T cells, quantified by ELISA or intracellular cytokine staining. ECs, which lack B7 molecules, use predominantly leukocyte-function associated Ag 3 (LFA-3) to provide costimulation. ECs are comparable to or better than PBAMCs, which use both the LFA-3 and B7 molecules, at costimulating IL-2 and IL-4 production. ECs are less effective than PBAMCs at costimulating IFN-γ production by naive T cells. ECs do not secrete IL-12, and addition of exogenous IL-12 enables ECs to costimulate IFN-γ at a level comparable to that observed with PBAMCs. ECs do not promote differentiation of naive T cells to Th1-like cells, whereas PBAMCs do. Again, addition of exogenous IL-12 enables ECs to do so. Transfection of ECs to express B7-1 or B7-2 is less effective than IL-12 supplementation for restoring these responses. These experiments suggest that a deficiency in costimulation due to lack of B7 molecule expression does not fully explain the inability of ECs to activate resting naive CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- †Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
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Sareneva T, Matikainen S, Kurimoto M, Julkunen I. Influenza A Virus-Induced IFN-α/β and IL-18 Synergistically Enhance IFN-γ Gene Expression in Human T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.12.6032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T cells contribute significantly the to host’s early defense against viral and bacterial infections and are essential for clearance of the pathogen. IFN-γ, a product of activated T and NK cells, has, in addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, a major role in activating cell-mediated immunity. Here we report that cytokines secreted by influenza A virus-infected macrophages are able to induce IFN-γ synthesis in human T cells. Influenza A virus-infected human peripheral macrophages secreted IFN-α/β, TNF-α, IL-1β, and a recently identified cytokine, IL-18 (or IFN-γ-inducing factor), whereas the production of IL-12 was not detected. Supernatants collected from virus-infected macrophages induced rapid IFN-γ mRNA expression and protein production in T cells. This was down-regulated by the addition of neutralizing anti-IFN-α/β Abs, whereas neutralizing anti-IL-12 Abs had no effect on IFN-γ gene expression. Exogenously added IFN-α/β also rapidly stimulated the synthesis of IFN-γ mRNA in T cells independently of protein synthesis. IL-18 synergized with IFN-α to up-regulate IFN-γ gene expression and protein production. The data suggest that IFN-α/β and IL-18 produced by macrophages during virus infection may act together to induce IFN-γ synthesis and, consequently, may play an important role for both of these cytokines in the development of Th1-type immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Sareneva
- *Department of Virology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- *Department of Virology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- †Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- *Department of Virology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; and
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25
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Barbulescu K, Becker C, Schlaak JF, Schmitt E, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Neurath MF. Cutting Edge: IL-12 and IL-18 Differentially Regulate the Transcriptional Activity of the Human IFN-γ Promoter in Primary CD4+ T Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.8.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which IL-12 and IL-18 induce transcriptional activity of the IFN-γ promoter in primary human CD4+ T cells. In transfection experiments, we found that IL-18 directly induces IFN-γ promoter activity, whereas significant activation with IL-12 required costimulation with αCD3/CD28. Furthermore, IL-12 caused in vivo protection of a STAT4 (−236) binding site, whereas stimulation with IL-18 or IL-12 plus αCD3/CD28 induced occupancy of a downstream AP-1 site. Mutation of this AP-1 site abrogated both IL-12- and IL-18-mediated promoter activation, whereas mutation of the STAT site inhibited IL-12-dependent activation. These data suggest that both AP-1 and STAT4 are required for IL-12-dependent IFN-γ promoter activity, whereas IL-18 causes direct activation via AP-1. This differential activation of the IFN-γ promoter gives further insights into molecular pathways governing Th1 T cell development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edgar Schmitt
- †Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Bohn E, Sing A, Zumbihl R, Bielfeldt C, Okamura H, Kurimoto M, Heesemann J, Autenrieth IB. IL-18 (IFN-γ-Inducing Factor) Regulates Early Cytokine Production in, and Promotes Resolution of, Bacterial Infection in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-12-induced IFN-γ production is essential for clearance of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Similar to IL-12, the recently described cytokine IL-18 (IFN-γ-inducing factor) is produced by macrophages and induces IFN-γ production in spleen cells. Therefore, we have investigated the role of IL-18 in Yersinia infection of mice. Heat-killed yersinia-triggered IL-18-promoted IFN-γ production of splenocytes was predominantly dependent on endogenous IL-12 production, whereas IL-12-promoted IFN-γ production was not IL-18 dependent. IL-18-induced IFN-γ production was to a higher degree dependent on IFN-γR-mediated mechanisms and in synergism with IL-2 resulted in at least fivefold higher IFN-γ levels as compared with the combination of IL-12 plus IL-2. Analysis of the effect of IL-18 on IL-12 production of LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages revealed that IL-18 decreased LPS-induced IL-12 production, indicating that IL-18 might be involved in negative regulation of IL-12 production. In vivo studies revealed that Yersinia-resistant C57BL/6 mice expressed fourfold higher IL-18 mRNA levels than did susceptible BALB/c mice. Administration of anti-IL-18 Abs caused a 100- to 1000-fold increase in bacterial counts in the spleen of infected mice but did not change IFN-γ production levels. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-18 is involved in regulation of cytokine production during the early phase of bacterial infections as well as in clearance of Yersinia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Bohn
- *Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Sing
- *Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Zumbihl
- *Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bielfeldt
- *Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Haruki Okamura
- ‡Department of Bacteriology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiyya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- †Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Fujisaki Institute, Okayama, Japan; and
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- *Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo B. Autenrieth
- *Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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