1
|
Tan A, He Y, Zhou Y, Peng X, Chang Y, Peng M, Ren H, Xu H. A potential antiviral role for CCR5+CD8+ T cells in children with hepatitis B. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29661. [PMID: 38738567 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
While dysfunctional exhausted CD8+ T cells hamper viral control when children acquire hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, it's crucial to recognize that CD8+ T cells have diverse phenotypes and functions. This study explored a subset of CD8+ T cells expressing C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in children with HBV infection. Thirty-six patients in the immune tolerant group, 33 patients in the immune active group, 55 patients in the combined response group, and 22 healthy control children were enrolled. The frequency, functional molecules, and effector functions of the CCR5+CD8+ T cell population in different groups were evaluated. The frequency of CCR5+CD8+ T cells correlated positively with the frequency of CCR5+CD4+ T cells and patient age, and it correlated negatively with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, and lactic dehydrogenase levels. CCR5+CD8+ T cells had higher levels of inhibitory and activated receptors and produced higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α than CCR5-CD8+ T cells. CCR5+CD8+ T cells were partially exhausted but possessed a stronger antiviral activity than CCR5-CD8+ T cells. The identification of this subset increases our understanding of CD8+ T cell functions and serves as a potential immunotherapeutic target for children with HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoxue Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunan Chang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tuncel B, Kaygusuz S, Sayın Kocakap DB, Aksoy E, Azkur AK. Do CCR5 (CCR5Δ32) and TLR3 (RS5743313) gene polymorphisms prevent chronic hepatitis B infection? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28376. [PMID: 36478230 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a significant health problem in human. HBV severity or sensitivity of patients may be based on the individual genetic factors significantly. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of CCR5 (CCR5Δ32), TLR3 (rs5743313) functional gene polymorphisms, interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) level in HBV infection, which are thought to play an important role in innate and acquired immunity in patients who have undergone HBV seroconversion and those who have chronic hepatitis B disease and receive treatment. One hundred patients who are became naturally immune against HBV infection (HBsAg negative, anti-HBc IgG, and anti-HBs IgG positive), and 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (>6 months HBsAg positive) who are receiving oral antiviral therapy were compared for CCR5Δ32, TLR3 (rs5743313) genotypes and serum IFN-ɣ level. It was found that CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (Wt/Δ32 and Δ32/Δ32) was significantly higher in the chronic hepatitis B group (p = 0.048) but not for TLR3 gene polymorphism. However, serum IFN-ɣ level was significantly higher in the HBV seroconversion group (75 ± 89 ng/ml) than in the chronic hepatitis B group (4.35 ± 17.27 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a higher CCR5Δ32 allele frequency in patients with chronic hepatitis B might be considered as a marker of progression to chronic hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Tuncel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Kaygusuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | | | - Emel Aksoy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Kürşat Azkur
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bauss J, Morris M, Shankar R, Olivero R, Buck LN, Stenger CL, Hinds D, Mills J, Eby A, Zagorski JW, Smith C, Cline S, Hartog NL, Chen B, Huss J, Carcillo JA, Rajasekaran S, Bupp CP, Prokop JW. CCR5 and Biological Complexity: The Need for Data Integration and Educational Materials to Address Genetic/Biological Reductionism at the Interface of Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790041. [PMID: 34925370 PMCID: PMC8674737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the age of genomics, public understanding of complex scientific knowledge is critical. To combat reductionistic views, it is necessary to generate and organize educational material and data that keep pace with advances in genomics. The view that CCR5 is solely the receptor for HIV gave rise to demand to remove the gene in patients to create host HIV resistance, underestimating the broader roles and complex genetic inheritance of CCR5. A program aimed at providing research projects to undergraduates, known as CODE, has been expanded to build educational material for genes such as CCR5 in a rapid approach, exposing students and trainees to large bioinformatics databases and previous experiments for broader data to challenge commitment to biological reductionism. Our students organize expression databases, query environmental responses, assess genetic factors, generate protein models/dynamics, and profile evolutionary insights into a protein such as CCR5. The knowledgebase generated in the initiative opens the door for public educational information and tools (molecular videos, 3D printed models, and handouts), classroom materials, and strategy for future genetic ideas that can be distributed in formal, semiformal, and informal educational environments. This work highlights that many factors are missing from the reductionist view of CCR5, including the role of missense variants or expression of CCR5 with neurological phenotypes and the role of CCR5 and the delta32 variant in complex critical care patients with sepsis. When connected to genomic stories in the news, these tools offer critically needed Ethical, Legal, and Social Implication (ELSI) education to combat biological reductionism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Michele Morris
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Rosemary Olivero
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Infectious Disease, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Leah N Buck
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Department of Mathematics, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, United States
| | - Cynthia L Stenger
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, United States
| | - David Hinds
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Joshua Mills
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra Eby
- Department of Science, Davenport University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Joseph W Zagorski
- Office of Research, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Caitlin Smith
- Department of Biology, Athens State University, Athens, AL, United States
| | - Sara Cline
- Department of Biology, Athens State University, Athens, AL, United States
| | - Nicholas L Hartog
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Allergy & Immunology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - John Huss
- Department of Philosophy, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Joseph A Carcillo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Office of Research, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Caleb P Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arthur VL, Guan W, Loza BL, Keating B, Chen J. Joint testing of donor and recipient genetic matching scores and recipient genotype has robust power for finding genes associated with transplant outcomes. Genet Epidemiol 2020; 44:893-907. [PMID: 32783273 PMCID: PMC7658035 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic matching between transplant donor and recipient pairs has traditionally focused on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) regions of the genome, but recent studies suggest that matching for non-HLA regions may be important as well. We assess four genetic matching scores for use in association analyses of transplant outcomes. These scores describe genetic ancestry distance using identity-by-state, or genetic incompatibility or mismatch of the two genomes and therefore may reflect different underlying biological mechanisms for donor and recipient genes to influence transplant outcomes. Our simulation studies show that jointly testing these scores with the recipient genotype is a powerful method for preliminary screening and discovery of transplant outcome related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene regions. Following these joint tests with marginal testing of the recipient genotype and matching score separately can lead to further understanding of the biological mechanisms behind transplant outcomes. In addition, we present results of a liver transplant data analysis that shows joint testing can detect SNPs significantly associated with acute rejection in liver transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Arthur
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bao-li Loza
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan Keating
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Kaminski VDL, Rodrigues AG, Bragatte MADS, Chies JAB. Beyond HIV infection: Neglected and varied impacts of CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 on viral diseases. Virus Res 2020; 286:198040. [PMID: 32479976 PMCID: PMC7260533 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CCR5 regulates multiple cell types (e.g., T regulatory and Natural Killer cells) and immune responses. The effects of CCR5, CCR5Δ32 (variant associated with reduced CCR5 expression) and CCR5 antagonists vary between infections. CCR5 affects the pathogenesis of flaviviruses, especially in the brain. The genetic variant CCR5Δ32 increases the risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection. The triad “CCR5, extracellular vesicles and infections” is an emerging topic.
The interactions between chemokine receptors and their ligands may affect susceptibility to infectious diseases as well as their clinical manifestations. These interactions mediate both the traffic of inflammatory cells and virus-associated immune responses. In the context of viral infections, the human C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) receives great attention from the scientific community due to its role as an HIV-1 co-receptor. The genetic variant CCR5Δ32 (32 base-pair deletion in CCR5 gene) impairs CCR5 expression on the cell surface and is associated with protection against HIV infection in homozygous individuals. Also, the genetic variant CCR5Δ32 modifies the CCR5-mediated inflammatory responses in various conditions, such as inflammatory and infectious diseases. CCR5 antagonists mimic, at least in part, the natural effects of the CCR5Δ32 in humans, which explains the growing interest in the potential benefits of using CCR5 modulators for the treatment of different diseases. Nevertheless, beyond HIV infection, understanding the effects of the CCR5Δ32 variant in multiple viral infections is essential to shed light on the potential effects of the CCR5 modulators from a broader perspective. In this context, this review discusses the involvement of CCR5 and the effects of the CCR5Δ32 in human infections caused by the following pathogens: West Nile virus, Influenza virus, Human papillomavirus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Poliovirus, Dengue virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Enterovirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Hantavirus. Subsequently, this review addresses the impacts of CCR5 gene editing and CCR5 modulation on health and viral diseases. Also, this article connects recent findings regarding extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes), viruses, and CCR5. Neglected and emerging topics in “CCR5 research” are briefly described, with focus on Rocio virus, Zika virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Rhinovirus. Finally, the potential influence of CCR5 on the immune responses to coronaviruses is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Kulmann-Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Lima Kaminski
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia - ICT, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves de Souza Bragatte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioinformática do Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Wolf JM, Michita RT, Simon D, Lunge VR, Chies JAB. Role of the genetic variant CCR5Δ32 in HBV infection and HBV/HIV co-infection. Virus Res 2019; 277:197838. [PMID: 31837381 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CCR5 is a chemokine receptor that mediates the action of inflammatory cells, besides acting as an HIV co-receptor. CCR5Δ32 states for a genetic variant containing a 32 base pair deletion in the coding region of the CCR5 gene. In homozygosis, CCR5Δ32 results in the lack of CCR5 expression on the cell surface, which was associated with protection against HIV infection. Heterozygous individuals for CCR5Δ32 have a reduced CCR5 expression. Recent evidence demonstrates that CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 are involved in the pathogenesis of other viral infections besides HIV infection. Nevertheless, the role of CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in HBV infection is not clear and conflicting results have been reported. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of CCR5Δ32 in HBV mono-infection and HBV/HIV co-infection in a population from southern Brazil. A total of 1113 individuals were evaluated, divided in controls (n = 334), HBV+ (n = 335), HBV+/HIV+ (n = 144), and including an HIV+ group to complement the analyses (n = 300, obtained from a previous study of our research team). The CCR5Δ32 allele frequencies found were 7.5 %, 9.0 %, and 3.1 %, respectively for controls, HBV+, and HBV+/HIV+ patients. The individuals were classified in CCR5Δ32 allele carriers and CCR5Δ32 allele non-carriers and the groups were compared using binary logistic regression adjusted for covariates. No significant effect of the CCR5Δ32 variant was observed on the susceptibility or protection against HBV mono-infection in individuals from southern Brazil. A potential protective effect of CCR5Δ32 on HBV/HIV co-infection was observed. However, it can be due to the effect of CCR5Δ32 in the protection against HIV infection or external factors not covered in the study. Finally, this study contributes to the understanding of the role of CCR5 in HBV infection, suggesting no effect of CCR5Δ32 on susceptibility to HBV mono-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Kulmann-Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jonas Michel Wolf
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tomoya Michita
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pérez-García A, Arroyo-Valerio AG, Bustos-Esquivel MA, Quispe-Siccha RM, Zaldívar-Fujigaki JL, Pacheco-Yepez J, Kershenobich D, López-Alvarenga JC, Hernández-Ruiz J. Young adult binge drinkers have immunophenotypical disarrangements in peripheral natural killer cells. Alcohol 2019; 81:70-78. [PMID: 31265902 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is an issue of worldwide relevance and a problem of national scale in Mexico. The consumption pattern of large amounts of alcohol on the weekends is rapidly increasing in young adults between 18 and 29 years. Despite various studies that have focused on the noxious effect of alcohol in immunity, the changes in the immunoprofiles of peripheral blood cells have not been completely described. Natural killer cells (NKCs) are lymphoid-origin cells of the immune system that are responsible for defense against tumors, among other functions. In homeostatic conditions, they are found to be in a state of "dynamic balance" between activation and inhibition stimuli, which, if broken, may lead to immunosuppression or activation of cytotoxic mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the immunoprofile of peripheral NKCs of 54 young adults, 29 of whom were binge drinkers and 25 of whom were low risk (LR), as classified by validated tools. Drinking habits were assessed. Blood samples were collected to perform hematic biometry and liver enzyme tests. Peripheral NKCs were identified by FACS, and stained for CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR4, CD69, CD127, CD137, TLR4, and Granzyme B. The data were analyzed using the t test and Mann-Whitney's U test for contrasts, and the effect size was obtained in order to evaluate the impact of each immunoprofile. The binge group showed increased expression of CCR5 and PD-1 in NKCs, respective to the LR group, and decreased expression of TLR4, along with fewer CCR4+ cells. Moreover, the increase found in CCR5 and PD-1 expression was correlated with the number of drinks in the last drinking session. Our findings show that young binge drinkers have different immunoprofiles that could suggest an early status of immunosuppression and trafficking of NKCs to the liver, which could be related to the onset of early liver damage, early in a subject's lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Pérez-García
- Experimental Surgery Service, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Delegación, Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - América Guadalupe Arroyo-Valerio
- Research Department, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mayra A Bustos-Esquivel
- Research & Technological Development Unit (UIDT) UNAM-HGM, Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia, Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Quispe-Siccha
- Research Department, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico; Research & Technological Development Unit (UIDT) UNAM-HGM, Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia, Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Luis Zaldívar-Fujigaki
- Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, Félix Cuevas 540, Col del Valle Sur, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yepez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Salvador Díaz Mirón S/N, Santo Tomás, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - David Kershenobich
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, "Salvador Zubirán,", Avenida Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CDMX 14080, Mexico
| | - J C López-Alvarenga
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Texas, United States; Research Division Mexican-American University of the North (UMAN), Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Joselín Hernández-Ruiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Alcaldia Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kado A, Tsutsumi T, Enooku K, Fujinaga H, Ikeuchi K, Okushin K, Moriya K, Yotsuyanagi H, Koike K. Noninvasive diagnostic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:730-741. [PMID: 30830270 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); the latter progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Discriminating NASH from NAFL typically involves liver biopsy. The mechanism of NASH progression is unclear but may involve immunological pathways. In this study, we examined expression levels of cytokine- and chemokine-encoding genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from NAFLD patients and established immunological criteria for discriminating NASH from NAFL. METHODS PBMCs were obtained from 54 patients diagnosed histologically with NAFLD (NAFL, 18; NASH, 36). mRNA was extracted from PBMCs, and expression levels of cytokine- and chemokine-encoding genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric test. RESULTS Expression levels of interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)2, IL15, C-C-motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, IL10, and C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)11 were significantly upregulated in NASH patients compared with NAFL patients. Moreover, their expression levels were positively correlated with the degree of ballooning of hepatocytes but not of steatosis or lobular inflammation. We focused on those encoding IL10, IFNγ, and CCL2, and developed a scoring system to discriminate NASH from NAFL. The discriminatory power of the criteria was validated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS Expression levels of the cytokine- and chemokine-encoding genes in PBMCs were positively correlated with ballooning, suggesting their utility for the diagnosis of NASH. The data indicate that peripheral as well as intrahepatic immunity is involved in the progression of NASH. Our findings afford new insight into immunological mechanisms of NASH and will facilitate its noninvasive diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Enooku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okushin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abo El-Magd NF, El-Karef A, El-Shishtawy MM, Eissa LA. Hepatoprotective effects of glycyrrhizin and omega-3 fatty acids on Nuclear Factor-kappa B pathway in thioacetamide-induced fibrosis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada F. Abo El-Magd
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amro El-Karef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Laila A. Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
CCR5, MCP-1 and VDR Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with the Susceptibility to HBV Infection. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 34:407-417. [PMID: 31686727 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants of chemokine and regulatory cytokines play functional roles in chronic HBV infection. The objective of the study, was to evaluate the association between the CCR5D32, CCR5-2459A/G, MCP-1-2518A/G, VDR-APa1A/C, VDR-Taq1T/C SNPs and HBV susceptibility, in samples of Iranian populations. The CCR5D32, CCR5-2459A/G, MCP1-2518A/G, VDR-APa1A/C, VDR-Taq1T/C polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and PCR-RFLP using 100 chronic HBV infected (HBV) patients, 40 spontaneously recovered HBV (SR) subjects and 100 healthy controls (C). Also, serum levels of protein were monitored. The study showed that the existence of CCR5-2459A, MCP1-2518G and VDR-CC alleles significantly increased risk of chronic HBV infection. In addition, WtAGCC haplotype had a higher frequency in HBV patients than C and SR groups and might relate to the natural history of the infection. Statistical analysis indicated positive correlations between CCR5-2459A/G, MCP1-2518A/G, VDR-APa1A/C, VDR-Taq1T/C genotypes and serum levels of the CCR5, MCP-1 and VDR in HBV patients. According to the statistical analysis, significant associations with susceptibility to chronic HBV infection was observed with CCR5-2459A/G, MCP1-2518A/G, VDR-APa1A/C, VDR-Taq1T/C polymorphisms. In addition, no association of the CCR5D32 SNP with the disease was found.
Collapse
|
11
|
Venuti A, Pastori C, Siracusano G, Pennisi R, Riva A, Tommasino M, Sciortino MT, Lopalco L. The Abrogation of Phosphorylation Plays a Relevant Role in the CCR5 Signalosome Formation with Natural Antibodies to CCR5. Viruses 2017; 10:E9. [PMID: 29283386 PMCID: PMC5795422 DOI: 10.3390/v10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to CCR5 (CC chemokine receptor 5) specific natural antibodies in vitro produces a Class B β-arrestin2-dependent CCR5 retention with the aid of ERK1, due to the formation of a CCR5 signalosome, which remains stable for at least 48 h. Considering that β-arrestins and MAPKs are receptive to environmental signals, their signal complexes could be one of the key junction for GPCRs internalization related signal transduction. Here, we demonstrate that, in T cells, the phosphorylation status of either CCR5 receptor or ERK1 protein is necessary to drive the internalized receptor into the early endosomes, forming the CCR5 signalosome. In particular, our data show that β-arrestin2/ERK1 complex is a relevant transducer in the CCR5 signaling pathway. Understanding the mechanism of CCR5 regulation is essential for many inflammatory disorders, tumorigenesis and viral infection such as HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriel Siracusano
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Agostino Riva
- Third Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Venuti A, Pastori C, Lopalco L. The Role of Natural Antibodies to CC Chemokine Receptor 5 in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1358. [PMID: 29163468 PMCID: PMC5670346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is responsible for immune and inflammatory responses by mediation of chemotactic activity in leukocytes, although it is expressed on different cell types. It has been shown to act as co-receptor for the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV). Natural reactive antibodies (Abs) recognizing first loop (ECL1) of CCR5 have been detected in several pools of immunoglobulins from healthy donors and from several cohorts of either HIV-exposed but uninfected subjects (ESN) or HIV-infected individuals who control disease progression (LTNP) as well. The reason of development of anti-CCR5 Abs in the absence of autoimmune disease is still unknown; however, the presence of these Abs specific for CCR5 or for other immune receptors and mediators probably is related to homeostasis maintenance. The majority of anti-CCR5 Abs is directed to HIV binding site (N-terminus and ECL2) of the receptor. Conversely, it is well known that ECL1 of CCR5 does not bind HIV; thus, the anti-CCR5 Abs directed to ECL1 elicit a long-lasting internalization of CCR5 but not interfere with HIV binding directly; these Abs block HIV infection in either epithelial cells or CD4+ T lymphocytes and the mechanism differs from those ones described for all other CCR5-specific ligands. The Ab-mediated CCR5 internalization allows the formation of a stable signalosome by interaction of CCR5, β-arrestin2 and ERK1 proteins. The signalosome degradation and the subsequent de novo proteins synthesis determine the CCR5 reappearance on the cell membrane with a very long-lasting kinetics (8 days). The use of monoclonal Abs to CCR5 with particular characteristics and mode of action may represent a novel mode to fight viral infection in either vaccinal or therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Vries Y, von Meijenfeldt FA, Porte RJ. Post-transplant cholangiopathy: Classification, pathogenesis, and preventive strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017. [PMID: 28645651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biliary complications are the most frequent cause of morbidity, re-transplantation, and even mortality after liver transplantation. In general, biliary leakage and anastomotic and non-anastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) can be recognized. There is no consensus on the exact definition of NAS and different names and criteria have been used in literature. We propose to use the term post-transplant cholangiopathy for the spectrum of abnormalities of large donor bile ducts, that includes NAS, but also intraductal casts and intrahepatic biloma formation, in the presence of a patent hepatic artery. Combinations of these manifestations of cholangiopathy are not infrequently found in the same liver and ischemia-reperfusion injury is generally considered the common underlying mechanism. Other factors that contribute to post-transplant cholangiopathy are biliary injury due to bile salt toxicity and immune-mediated injury. This review provides an overview of the various types of post-transplant cholangiopathy, the presumed pathogenesis, clinical implications, and preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne de Vries
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fien A von Meijenfeldt
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Porte
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Giordano S, Zhao X, Chen YF, Litovsky SH, Hage FG, Townes TM, Sun CW, Wu LC, Oparil S, Xing D. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells Overexpressing Interleukin-8 Receptors A/B and/or C-C Chemokine Receptors 2/5 Inhibit Vascular Injury Response. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1168-1177. [PMID: 28233474 PMCID: PMC5442847 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages to the site of vascular injury is mediated by binding of chemoattractants to interleukin (IL) 8 receptors RA and RB (IL8RA/B) C‐C chemokine receptors (CCR) 2 and 5 expressed on neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage membranes. Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from rat‐induced pluripotent stem cells (RiPS) were transduced with adenovirus containing cDNA of IL8RA/B and/or CCR2/5. We hypothesized that RiPS‐ECs overexpressing IL8RA/B (RiPS‐IL8RA/B‐ECs), CCR2/5 (RiPS‐CCR2/5‐ECs), or both receptors (RiPS‐IL8RA/B+CCR2/5‐ECs) will inhibit inflammatory responses and neointima formation in balloon‐injured rat carotid artery. Twelve‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent balloon injury of the right carotid artery and intravenous infusion of (a) saline vehicle, (b) control RiPS‐Null‐ECs (ECs transduced with empty virus), (c) RiPS‐IL8RA/B‐ECs, (d) RiPS‐CCR2/5‐ECs, or (e) RiPS‐IL8RA/B+CCR2/5‐ECs. Inflammatory mediator expression and leukocyte infiltration were measured in injured and uninjured arteries at 24 hours postinjury by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Neointima formation was assessed at 14 days postinjury. RiPS‐ECs expressing the IL8RA/B or CCR2/5 homing device targeted the injured arteries and decreased injury‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, and neointima formation. Transfused RiPS‐ECs overexpressing IL8RA/B and/or CCR2/5 prevented inflammatory responses and neointima formation after vascular injury. Targeted delivery of iPS‐ECs with a homing device to inflammatory mediators in injured arteries provides a novel strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1168–1177
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Giordano
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yiu-Fai Chen
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fadi G Hage
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li-Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dongqi Xing
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Venuti A, Pastori C, Pennisi R, Riva A, Sciortino MT, Lopalco L. Class B β-arrestin2-dependent CCR5 signalosome retention with natural antibodies to CCR5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39382. [PMID: 28008933 PMCID: PMC5180096 DOI: 10.1038/srep39382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 stimulation with natural ligands, such as RANTES, classically induces short-term internalization with transient activation of β-arrestins and rapidly recycling on the cell surface. Here we discovered that, in T cells, natural CCR5 antibodies induce a CCR5-negative phenotype with the involvement of β-arrestin2, which leads to the formation of a stable CCR5 signalosome with both β-arrestin2 and ERK1. The activation of β-arrestin2 is necessary to CCR5 signaling for the signalosome formation and stabilization. When all stimuli were washed out, β-arrestin1 silencing favors the activity of β-arrestin2 for the CCR5 signalosome retention. Interestingly, CCR5 turn from Class A trafficking pattern, normally used for its internalization with natural modulating molecules (i.e. RANTES), into a long lasting Class B type specifically induced by stimulation with natural anti-CCR5 antibodies. This new CCR5 pathway is relevant not only to study in depth the molecular basis of all pathologies where CCR5 is involved but also to generate new antidody-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Agostino Riva
- Third Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li X, Liu HC, Yao QY, Xu BL, Zhang SC, Tu CT. Quercetin Protects Mice from ConA-Induced Hepatitis by Inhibiting HMGB1-TLR Expression and Down-Regulating the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway. Inflammation 2016; 39:96-106. [PMID: 26267064 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dietary flavonoid quercetin has hepatoprotective effects. We analyzed the effects of quercetin on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice and its underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Mice were administered quercetin (50 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) or vehicle 30 min before intravenous administration of ConA. Quercetin pretreatment significantly reduced the ConA-induced elevations in plasma aminotransferase concentrations and liver necrosis, as well as reducing serum concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-4. Quercetin pretreatment also reduced expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in liver tissues. Quercetin pretreatment significantly inhibited degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha and modulated ConA-induced nuclear translocation in the liver of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65. These results demonstrate that quercetin protects against ConA-mediated hepatitis in mice by attenuating the HMGB1-TLRs-NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Chun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qun-Yan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bei-Li Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shun-Cai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kazmierski WM, Danehower S, Duan M, Ferris RG, Elitzin V, Minick D, Sharp M, Stewart E, Villeneuve M. Biological and Structural Characterization of Rotamers of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) Inhibitor GSK214096. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1296-9. [PMID: 25516787 DOI: 10.1021/ml5004124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the discovery of preclinical CCR5 inhibitor GSK214096, 1 (J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 756). Detailed characterization of 1 revealed that it exists as a mixture of four separable atropisomers A-D. The two slow-interconverting pairs of rotamers A + B and C + D were separated and further characterized. HIV and CCR5-mediated chemotaxis data strongly suggest that the antiviral potency of 1 is due to rotamers A + B and not C + D. Furthermore, integrated UV, vibrational circular dichroism VCD and computational approach allowed to determine the M chirality in C + D (and P chirality in A + B). These findings imply additional avenues to be pursued toward new CCR5 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw M. Kazmierski
- Infectious
Diseases TAU and ‡Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, United States
| | - Susan Danehower
- Infectious
Diseases TAU and ‡Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, United States
| | - Maosheng Duan
- Infectious
Diseases TAU and ‡Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, United States
| | - Robert G. Ferris
- Infectious
Diseases TAU and ‡Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee JH, Won JH, Choi JM, Cha HH, Jang YJ, Park S, Kim HG, Kim HC, Kim DK. Protective effect of ellagic acid on concanavalin A-induced hepatitis via toll-like receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10110-10117. [PMID: 25238033 DOI: 10.1021/jf503188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is present in certain fruits and nuts, including raspberries, pomegranates, and walnuts, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aims of this study were to examine the protective effect of EA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms in mice. Mice were orally administered EA at different doses before the intravenous delivery of Con A; the different experimental groups were as follows: (i) vehicle control, (ii) Con A alone without EA, (iii) EA at 50 mg/kg, (iv) EA at 100 mg/kg, and (v) EA at 200 mg/kg. We found that EA pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of plasma aminotransferase and liver necrosis in Con A-induced hepatitis. Also, EA significantly decreased the expression levels of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 mRNA and protein in liver tissues. Further, EA decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38. EA-treated groups showed suppressions of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and IκB-α degradation levels in liver tissues. In addition, EA pretreatment decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). These results suggest that EA protects against T-cell-mediated hepatitis through TLR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Lee
- Department of Environmental and Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clinical significance of the CCR5delta32 allele in hepatitis C. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106424. [PMID: 25191700 PMCID: PMC4156365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CCR5 receptor, expressed on Th1 cells, may influence clinical outcomes of HCV infection. We explored a possible link between a CCR5 32-base deletion (CCR5delta32), resulting in the expression of a non-functioning receptor, and clinical outcomes of HCV infection. Methods CCR5 and HCV-related phenotypes were analysed in 1,290 chronically infected patients and 160 patients with spontaneous clearance. Results Carriage of the CCR5delta32 allele was observed in 11% of spontaneous clearers compared to 17% of chronically infected patients (OR = 0.59, 95% CI interval 0.35–0.99, P = 0.047). Carriage of this allele also tended to be observed more frequently among patients with liver inflammation (19%) compared to those without inflammation (15%, OR = 1.38, 95% CI interval 0.99–1.95, P = 0.06). The CCR5delta32 was not associated with sustained virological response (P = 0.6), fibrosis stage (P = 0.8), or fibrosis progression rate (P = 0.4). Conclusions The CCR5delta32 allele appears to be associated with a decreased rate of spontaneous HCV eradication, but not with hepatitis progression or response to antiviral therapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mirzaee V, Shahriari J, Hajghani M. CCR5 on the NK Cells and its Ligand (RANTES) Expressions are Disrupted in South-Eastern Iranian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e12458. [PMID: 24910790 PMCID: PMC4028763 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: CCR5 is a receptor for CCL3 (MIP-1 α), CCL4 (MIP-1 α) and CCL5 (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)) and play important roles in recruitment of NK cells to the HBV infected liver. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of CCR5 on the NK cells and also serum levels of RANTES in chronic HBV infected (CHI) patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 63 CHI patients and 96 healthy controls were evaluated regarding CCR5 expression on the NK cells and serum levels of RANTES using flow cytometry and ELISA techniques, respectively. Real-Time PCR technique also was used for HBV-DNA quantification. Results: The results revealed that CCR5 expressing NK cells and serum levels of RANTES were decreased significantly in the CHI patients in compare to healthy control. Conclusions: Based on the results it can be concluded that NK cells of Iranian CHI patients are unable to express adequate levels of CCR5 and expression levels of RANTES by immune cells also are defected in CHI patients, hence, the migration of NK cells to the infected hepatocytes and HBV eradication from the cells is interrupted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mirzaee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Vahid Mirzaee, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IR Iran, Tel: +98-39182200019, Fax: +98-03918220022, E-mail:
| | - Jahanbano Shahriari
- Hematology Laboratory, Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Masomeh Hajghani
- Hematology Laboratory, Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Soler DC, Sugiyama H, Young AB, Massari JV, McCormick TS, Cooper KD. Psoriasis patients exhibit impairment of the high potency CCR5(+) T regulatory cell subset. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:111-8. [PMID: 23954573 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CCR5 expression on CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been reported to be crucial for limiting Th1 inflammation associated with autoimmunity and bacterial infections. We inquired whether abnormalities in chemokine receptors expressed on Tregs might be involved in the psoriatic pathogenesis. Indeed, the proportion of CCR5(+) Treg was 58.8% in healthy individuals (n=9), whereas only half as many CCR5(+) Treg cells were found in psoriatic individuals (29.1%, n=8, p<0.01). The flow-enriched control CCR5(+) Tregs consistently exceeded the suppressive capacity of unsorted Tregs in autologous MLR assays (n=5, p<0.05) showing that CCR5(+) Treg subset is a high potency regulatory T cell population. Interestingly, psoriatic CCR5(+) Treg cells exhibited significantly less migratory capacity toward CCR5 ligands MIP-1β and RANTES in vitro compared to CCR5(+) Treg controls (n=3, p<0.05). Our data demonstrate that psoriatic CCR5(+) Tregs cells are numerically-, functionally- and chemotactically-deficient compared to controls and may pose a triple impairment on the ability of psoriatic Tregs to restrain inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Soler
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahmadabadi BN, Hassanshahi G, Khoramdelazad H, Mirzaei V, Sajadi SMA, Hajghani M, Khodadadi H, Pourali R, Arababadi MK, Kennedy D. Downregulation of CCR5 expression on the peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of southeastern Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Inflammation 2013; 36:136-40. [PMID: 22918850 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies indicated that CC receptor 5 (CCR5), as a receptor for CC ligand 3, CCL4, and CCL5, plays important roles in the recruitment of T cytotoxic lymphocytes to the liver of chronic HBV (CHB)-infected patients. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of CCR5 on the CD8(+) T lymphocytes of CHB patients. This clinical study was performed on 63 CHB patients and 96 healthy controls. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to examine the expression of CCR5 on CD8(+) T cells of CHB patients. Real-time PCR was also used for HBV-DNA quantification. The results of our study demonstrated that CCR5 expressing T cytotoxic cells were decreased significantly in CHB patients in comparison to healthy control. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the percent of CCR5(+)/CD8(+) T cells in Iranian CHB patients is significantly decreased, hence their migration to the infected liver, and HBV eradication from the hepatocytes is disrupted.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Continuum of Cancer Immunosurveillance: Prognostic, Predictive, and Mechanistic Signatures. Immunity 2013; 39:11-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Suga H, Sugaya M, Miyagaki T, Ohmatsu H, Okochi H, Sato S. CXCR3 deficiency prolongs Th1-type contact hypersensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6059-70. [PMID: 23656737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sensitization and challenge using dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induce contact hypersensitivity (CHS) with Th1 cell infiltration, whereas those using FITC generate CHS with Th2 cell infiltration. In this study, we attempted to determine the role of CXCR3, a chemokine receptor, in Th1- and Th2-type CHS induced by DNFB or FITC using CXCR3-deficient (CXCR3(-/-)) mice. Ear swelling was prolonged after DNFB challenge in CXCR3(-/-) mice, which was accompanied by increased Th1 cytokines and decreased TGF-β and IL-10 expression at a late time point of CHS, whereas there was no significant difference between wild-type and CXCR3(-/-) mice in FITC-induced CHS. In Th1-type CHS, the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was decreased in the challenged ear of CXCR3(-/-) mice compared with that of wild-type mice, suggesting that CXCR3 would be important in migration of Tregs into the site of inflammation. Moreover, we examined the characteristics of CXCR3(+) Tregs both in vitro and in vivo, revealing that CXCR3(+) Tregs expressed high levels of TGF-β and IL-10 as well as IFN-γ compared with CXCR3(-) Tregs. When CXCR3(-/-) mice were injected with CXCR3(+) Tregs, the prolonged ear swelling induced by DNFB was normalized. Taken together, our results suggest that CXCR3(+) Tregs play a key role for quenching Th1-type CHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Suga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khorramdelazad H, Hakimizadeh E, Hassanshahi G, Rezayati M, Sendi H, Arababadi MK. CCR5 Δ 32 mutation is not prevalent in Iranians with chronic HBV infection. J Med Virol 2013; 85:964-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
26
|
Omran MH, Khamis M, Nasr N, Massoud AA, Youssef SS, Bader El Din NG, Dawood RM, Atef K, Moustafa RI, Nabil W, Tabll AA, El Awady MK. A Study of CC-Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) Polymorphism on the Outcome of HCV Therapy in Egyptian Patients. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e13721. [PMID: 24403912 PMCID: PMC3877652 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a globally serious public health issue. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5-59029) polymorphism which is considered an important component of the immune system in determining the outcome of HCV infection. Its critical role as a marker in response to interferon therapy of HCV infection is also investigated besides its effect on other clinical patient factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 82 Egyptian patients with chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection who received PEG-INF + Ribavirin treatment for 48 weeks. The study was also conducted on 50 healthy controls (with negative results for HCV antibody and RNA PCR). Full history of patients in this study was recorded. Clinical and histological examinations, qualitative HCV nested RT-PCR, quantitative real -time PCR, and genotyping of HCV RNA genome were performed. CCR5-59029 polymorphism with nucleotide substitution from G to A was amplified. The amplicons were digested with restriction endonuclease Bsp 1286I, and produced RFLPs of the CCR5 genotypes were determined. RESULTS The present study showed a significant association between the functional SNP of CCR5 gene and the viral response to interferon in chronic HCV Egyptian patients. It was shown that the higher fibrosis stages (F2-F4) had significant association with nonresponse to treatment compared to the lower fibrosis stages (F0-F1) (95% confidence: 5.497 - 55.074, P = 0.0001). In addition, worse liver activity grade (A2-A3) had a very highly significant association with non-responder HCV patients compared to those with better liver activity grade (A1) (95% confidence: 2.242 - 20.974, P = 0.0007). Most importantly HCV patients with G allele had a high significant association with nonresponse to treatment, higher fibrosis stages and worse liver activity grades, while the A allele had a high significant association with sustained response, low fibrosis stages and relatively better liver activity grade (95% confidence: 3.347 - 15.036, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS SNPs within the CCR5 gene should be considered as an important factor used in combination with other host gene SNPs when developing a mathematical model for anticipating response to HCV therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataza H Omran
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding Author: Moataza H Omran, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Tel: +20-123735450, Fax: +20-233370931, E-mail:
| | - Mahmoud Khamis
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Dentistery, Modern Science and Arts University (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada Nasr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Dentistery, Modern Science and Arts University (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Massoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Youssef
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha G. Bader El Din
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M Dawood
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Atef
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab I Moustafa
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Nabil
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. El Awady
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Arberas H, Guardo AC, Bargalló ME, Maleno MJ, Calvo M, Blanco JL, García F, Gatell JM, Plana M. In vitro effects of the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc on human T cell function. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:577-86. [PMID: 23152485 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several potential immunological benefits have been observed during treatment with the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist maraviroc, in addition to its antiviral effect. Our objective was to analyse the in vitro effects of CCR5 blockade on T lymphocyte function and homeostasis. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both HIV-negative (n=28) and treated HIV-positive (n=27) individuals were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of maraviroc (0.1-100 μM). Effects on T cell activation were analysed by measuring the expression of the CD69, CD38, HLA-DR and CD25 receptors as well as CCR5 density using flow cytometry. Spontaneous and chemokine-induced chemotaxis were measured by transwell migration assays, and polyclonal-induced proliferation was assessed by a lymphoproliferation assay and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining. RESULTS Maraviroc increases CCR5 surface expression on activated T cells, even at low doses (0.1 μM). Slight differences were detected in the frequency and mean fluorescence intensity of activation markers at high concentrations of maraviroc. Expression of CD25, CD38 and HLA-DR tended to decrease in both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, whereas expression of CD69 tended to increase. Maraviroc clearly inhibits T cell migration induced by chemokines in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, at 100 μM, maraviroc tends to inhibit T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These data showed that in vitro exposure to maraviroc decreases some activation expression markers on T lymphocytes and also migration towards chemoattractants. These results support the additional immunological effects of CCR5 blockade and suggest that maraviroc might have potential capacity to inhibit HIV-associated chronic inflammation and activation, both by directly affecting T cell activation and by reducing entrapment of lymphocytes in lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Arberas
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saiman Y, Friedman SL. The role of chemokines in acute liver injury. Front Physiol 2012; 3:213. [PMID: 22723782 PMCID: PMC3379724 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecular weight proteins primarily known to drive migration of immune cell populations. In both acute and chronic liver injury, hepatic chemokine expression is induced resulting in inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and cell activation and survival. During acute injury, massive parenchymal cell death due to apoptosis and/or necrosis leads to chemokine production by hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The specific chemokine profile expressed during injury is dependent on both the type and course of injury. Hepatotoxicity by acetaminophen for example leads to cellular necrosis and activation of Toll-like receptors while the inciting insult in ischemia reperfusion injury produces reactive oxygen species and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Chemokine expression by these cells generates a chemoattractant gradient promoting infiltration by monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, NKT cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells whose activity are highly regulated by the specific chemokine profiles within the liver. Additionally, resident hepatic cells express chemokine receptors both in the normal and injured liver. While the role of these receptors in normal liver has not been well described, during injury, receptor up-regulation, and chemokine engagement leads to cellular survival, proliferation, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and expression of additional chemokines and growth factors. Hepatic-derived chemokines can therefore function in both paracrine and autocrine fashions further expanding their role in liver disease. More recently it has been appreciated that chemokines can have diverging effects depending on their temporal expression pattern and the type of injury. A better understanding of chemokine/chemokine receptor axes will therefore pave the way for development of novel targeted therapies for the treatment of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedidya Saiman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arababadi MK, Nasiri Ahmadabadi B, Kennedy D. Current information on the immunologic status of occult hepatitis B infection. Transfusion 2012; 52:1819-26. [PMID: 22404554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is one of the most frequently occurring posttransfusion infections. Occult hepatitis B (OB) is a form of hepatitis B in which, despite the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum and hepatocytes of a carrier, hepatitis B surface antigen is absent. In addition to the risk of transfusion of infection, OB can lead to cirrhosis, hepatic cancer, and reactivation of the viral duplication process in the carrier. The mechanisms responsible for progression of OB are yet to be clarified; however, some investigators have suggested that genetic and immunologic variables may play a significant role in the resistance of some individuals and sensitivity of other patients. This review addresses the current information regarding immunologic status of OB-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tu CT, Han B, Yao QY, Zhang YA, Liu HC, Zhang SC. Curcumin attenuates Concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice by inhibition of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and TLR9 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 12:151-7. [PMID: 22138522 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of curcumin on acute liver injury have not been carefully examined. The aims of this study were to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin on Concanavalin A (Con A) induced hepatitis, and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms in mice. Mice received curcumin (200 mg/kg body weight) by gavage before Con A intravenous administration. We found that curcumin pretreatment was able to significantly reduce the elevated plasma aminotransferase levels and liver necrosis in Con A-induced hepatitis. Also, curcumin pretreatment reduced intrahepatic expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) as compared with the vehicle controls, but augmented anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and TLR9 mRNA or protein in liver tissues were significantly lowered by curcumin treatment. Curcumin pretreatment did not affect hepatic Kupffer cell numbers after Con A injection. These results suggest that curcumin pretreatment protects against T cell-mediated hepatitis in mice. The beneficial effect of curcumin may be partly mediated by inhibiting the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in the liver.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li H, Xie HY, Zhou L, Wang WL, Liang TB, Zhang M, Zheng SS. Polymorphisms of CCL3L1/CCR5 genes and recurrence of hepatitis B in liver transplant recipients. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10:593-8. [PMID: 22146622 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of chemokines and chemokine receptors has been associated with the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the copy number variation in the CCL3L1 gene and the polymorphisms of CCR5Δ32 and CCR5-2459A→G (rs1799987) are associated with recurrent hepatitis B in liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus infection-related end-stage liver disease. METHODS A total of 185 transplant recipients were enrolled in this study. The genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, the copy number of the CCL3L1 gene was determined by a quantitative real-time PCR based assay, CCR5Δ32 was detected by a sizing PCR method, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism in CCR5-2459 was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. RESULTS No CCR5Δ32 mutation was detected in any of the individuals from China. Neither copy number variation nor polymorphism in CCR5-2459 was associated with post-transplant re-infection with hepatitis B virus. However, patients with fewer copies (<4) of the CCL3L1 gene compared with the population median in combination with the CCR5G allele had a significantly higher risk for recurrent hepatitis B (odds ratio=1.93, 95% CI: 1.00-3.69; P=0.047). CONCLUSION Patients possessing the compound decreased functional genotype of both CCL3L1 and CCR5 genes might be more likely to have recurrence of hepatitis B after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tu CT, Han B, Liu HC, Zhang SC. Curcumin protects mice against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting intrahepatic intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CXCL10 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:53-60. [PMID: 21695461 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of curcumin on liver injury caused by Concanavalin A (Con A) has not been carefully examined. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of curcumin on Con A-induced hepatitis in mice. Liver injured mice received curcumin by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight before Con A intravenous administration. Curcumin was effective in reducing the elevated plasma levels of aminotransferases and the incidence of liver necrosis compared with Con A-injected control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that curcumin suppressed proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-4 production in Con A-injected mice. The reduced severity of hepatitis in curcumin pretreated mice correlated with decrease in numbers of liver CD4(+) T cells but not CD8(+) T cells by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the interferon-inducible chemokine CXCL10 in hepatic tissue were significantly decreased by curcumin pretreatment. In conclusion, curcumin pretreatment protects against T cell-mediated hepatitis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-tao Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Erhardt A, Wegscheid C, Claass B, Carambia A, Herkel J, Mittrücker HW, Panzer U, Tiegs G. CXCR3 deficiency exacerbates liver disease and abrogates tolerance in a mouse model of immune-mediated hepatitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5284-93. [PMID: 21441449 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is preferentially expressed by Th1 cells and critically involved in their recruitment to inflamed tissue. In a mouse model of immune-mediated liver injury inducible by Con A, we investigated the role of CXCR3 in acute IFN-γ-mediated hepatitis as well as in tolerance induction, which has been shown to depend on IL-10-producing CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Induction of Con A hepatitis resulted in increased intrahepatic expression of the CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. CXCR3(-/-) mice developed a more severe liver injury with higher plasma transaminase activities and a more pronounced Th1/Th17 response compared with wild-type (wt) animals upon Con A injection. Moreover, CXCR3(-/-) mice did not establish tolerance upon Con A restimulation, although Tregs from CXCR3(-/-) mice were still suppressive in an in vitro suppression assay. Instead, Tregs failed to accumulate in livers of CXCR3(-/-) mice upon Con A restimulation in contrast to those from wt animals. Con A-tolerant wt mice harbored significantly increased numbers of intrahepatic CXCR3(+)T-bet(+) Tregs that produced IL-10 compared with nontolerant animals. IFN-γ deficiency or anti-IFN-γ Ab treatment demonstrated that conversion to CXCR3(+)T-bet(+) Tregs depended on a Th1 response. Accordingly, in an immunotherapeutic approach, CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs from Con A-pretreated CXCR3-deficient mice failed to protect against Con A-induced hepatitis, whereas Tregs from Con A-tolerant wt mice allowed CXCR3-deficient mice to recover from Con A hepatitis. In summary, CXCR3(+)T-bet(+)IL-10(+) Tregs are generated in the liver in dependence of IFN-γ, then disseminated into the organism and specifically migrate into the liver, where they limit immune-mediated liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Erhardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Arababadi MK, Pourfathollah AA, Jafarzadeh A, Hassanshahi G, Mohit M, Hajghani M, Ahmadabadi BN, Kennedy D. Evaluation of CCR5 Expression on NK Cells in Iranian Patients With Occult Hepatitis B Infection. Lab Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1309/lmauisl84q4srsbt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
35
|
Arababadi MK, Pourfathollah AA, Jafarzadeh A, Hassanshahi G, Mohit M, Hajghani M, Shamsizadeh A. Peripheral Blood CD8+T Cells CCR5 Expression and Its Δ32 Mutation in Iranian Patients with Occult Hepatitis B Infections. Lab Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1309/lmvukwrox0ebqr01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
36
|
Lukens JR, Dolina JS, Kim TS, Tacke RS, Hahn YS. Liver is able to activate naïve CD8+ T cells with dysfunctional anti-viral activity in the murine system. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7619. [PMID: 19876399 PMCID: PMC2764869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver possesses distinct tolerogenic properties because of continuous exposure to bacterial constituents and nonpathogenic food antigen. The central immune mediators required for the generation of effective immune responses in the liver environment have not been fully elucidated. In this report, we demonstrate that the liver can indeed support effector CD8+ T cells during adenovirus infection when the T cells are primed in secondary lymphoid tissues. In contrast, when viral antigen is delivered predominantly to the liver via intravenous (IV) adenovirus infection, intrahepatic CD8+ T cells are significantly impaired in their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines and lyse target cells. Additionally, intrahepatic CD8+ T cells generated during IV adenovirus infection express elevated levels of PD-1. Notably, lower doses of adenovirus infection do not rescue the impaired effector function of intrahepatic CD8+ T cell responses. Instead, intrahepatic antigen recognition limits the generation of potent anti-viral responses at both priming and effector stages of the CD8+ T cell response and accounts for the dysfunctional CD8+ T cell response observed during IV adenovirus infection. These results also implicate that manipulation of antigen delivery will facilitate the design of improved vaccination strategies to persistent viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Lukens
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Dolina
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Taeg S. Kim
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Tacke
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Young S. Hahn
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qiu L, Ding L, Huang J, Wang D, Zhang J, Guo B. Induction of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase by CCL5/CCR5 activation causes tumour necrosis factor-alpha and reactive oxygen species production in macrophages. Immunology 2009; 128:e325-34. [PMID: 19016906 PMCID: PMC2753933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found that copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD, SOD-1) was induced in constructed CCR5 stably transfected HEK 293 cells, but not in mock cells, treated with CCL5. CCL5-induced SOD-1 expression was also confirmed in HEK 293-CCR5 cells and CCR5-positive granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced human macrophages and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. CCL5 and CCR5 interaction induced SOD-1 expression mainly via MEK-ERK activation. In addition, we provided evidence that upregulation of SOD-1 by CCL5/CCR5 activation occurred in parallel with the increased release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species as well as enhanced nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activity in CCR5-positive RAW264.7 cells. Conversely, the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly inhibited SOD-1 expression with the decrease of these biological responses. More importantly, inhibition of SOD-1 activity by disulfiram also strongly inhibited the CCL5-induced biological effects. These data suggest that SOD-1 mediates CCR5 activation by CCL5 and that pharmacological modulation of SOD-1 may be beneficial to CCR5-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Baoyu Guo
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arababadi MK, Naghavi N, Hassanshahi G, Mahmoodi M. Is CCR5-Delta32 mutation associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes? Ann Saudi Med 2009; 29:413. [PMID: 19700905 PMCID: PMC3290048 DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.55177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nima Naghavi
- From the Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- From the Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Is the European spatial distribution of the HIV-1-resistant CCR5-Delta32 allele formed by a breakdown of the pathocenosis due to the historical Roman expansion? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:864-74. [PMID: 18790087 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the possible effects of the expansion of ancient Mediterranean civilizations during the five centuries before and after Christ on the European distribution of the mutant allele for the chemokine receptor gene CCR5 which has a 32-bp deletion (CCR5-Delta32). There is a strong evidence for the unitary origin of the CCR5-Delta32 mutation, this it is found principally in Europe and Western Asia, with generally a north-south downhill cline frequency. Homozygous carriers of this mutation show a resistance to HIV-1 infection and a slower progression towards AIDS. However, HIV has clearly emerged too recently to have been the selective force on CCR5. Our analyses showed strong negative correlations in Europe between the allele frequency and two historical parameters, i.e. the first colonization dates by the great ancient Mediterranean civilizations, and the distances from the Northern frontiers of the Roman Empire in its greatest expansion. Moreover, other studies have shown that the deletion frequencies in both German Bronze Age and Swedish Neolithic populations were similar to those found in the corresponding modern populations, and this deletion has been found in ancient DNA of around 7000 years ago, suggesting that in the past, the deletion frequency could have been relatively high in European populations. In addition, in West Nile virus pathogenesis, CCR5 plays an antimicrobial role showing that host genetic factors are highly pathogen-specific. Our results added to all these previous data suggest that the actual European allele frequency distribution might not be due to genes spreading, but to a negative selection resulting in the spread of pathogens principally during Roman expansion. Indeed, as gene flows from colonizers to European native populations were extremely low, the mutational changes might be associated with vulnerability to imported infections. To date, the nature of the parasites remains unknown; however, zoonoses could be incriminated.
Collapse
|
40
|
Butterfield LH, Ribas A, Potter DM, Economou JS. Spontaneous and vaccine induced AFP-specific T cell phenotypes in subjects with AFP-positive hepatocellular cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1931-43. [PMID: 17522860 PMCID: PMC11030770 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We are investigating the use of Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) as a tumor rejection antigen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently completed vaccination of 10 AFP+/HLA-A2.1+ HCC subjects with AFP peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DC). There were increased frequencies of circulating AFP-specific T cells and of IFNgamma-producing AFP-specific T cells after vaccination. In order to better understand the lack of association between immune response and clinical response, we have examined additional aspects of the AFP immune response in patients. Here, we have characterized the cell surface phenotype of circulating AFP tetramer-positive CD8 T cells and assessed AFP-specific CD4 function. Before vaccination, HCC subjects had increased frequencies of circulating AFP-specific CD8 T cells with a range of naïve, effector, central and effector memory phenotypes. Several patients had up-regulated activation markers. A subset of patients was assessed for phenotypic changes pre- and post-vaccination, and evidence for complete differentiation to effector or memory phenotype was lacking. CD8 phenotypic and cytokine responses did not correlate with level of patient serum AFP antigen (between 74 and 463,040 ng/ml). Assessment of CD4+ T cell responses by ELISPOT and multi-cytokine assay did not identify any spontaneous CD4 T cell responses to this secreted protein. These data indicate that there is an expanded pool of partially differentiated AFP-specific CD8 T cells in many of these HCC subjects, but that these cells are largely non-functional, and that a detectable CD4 T cell response to this secreted oncofetal antigen is lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Andrews G, Jones C, Wreggett KA. An intracellular allosteric site for a specific class of antagonists of the CC chemokine G protein-coupled receptors CCR4 and CCR5. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 73:855-67. [PMID: 18042736 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanism for antagonism of the human chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR5 has been discovered with a series of small-molecule compounds that seems to interact with an allosteric, intracellular site on the receptor. The existence of this site is supported by a series of observations: 1) intracellular access of these antagonists is required for their activity; 2) specific, saturable binding of a radiolabeled antagonist requires the presence of CCR4; and 3) through engineering receptor chimeras by reciprocal transfer of C-terminal domains between CCR4 and CCR5, compound binding and the selective structure-activity relationships for antagonism of these receptors seem to be associated with the integrity of that intracellular region. Published antagonists from other chemical series do not seem to bind to the novel site, and their interaction with either CCR4 or CCR5 is not affected by alteration of the C-terminal domain. The precise location of the proposed binding site remains to be determined, but the known close association of the C-terminal domain, including helix 8, as a proposed intracellular region that interacts with transduction proteins (e.g., G proteins and beta-arrestin) suggests that this could be a generic allosteric site for chemokine receptors and perhaps more broadly for class A G protein-coupled receptors. The existence of such a site that can be targeted for drug discovery has implications for screening assays for receptor antagonists, which would need, therefore, to consider compound properties for access to this intracellular site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Andrews
- Department of Discovery BioScience, AstraZeneca Research and Development Charnwood, Bakewell Rd., Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ajuebor MN, Wondimu Z, Hogaboam CM, Le T, Proudfoot AEI, Swain MG. CCR5 deficiency drives enhanced natural killer cell trafficking to and activation within the liver in murine T cell-mediated hepatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:1975-88. [PMID: 17525265 PMCID: PMC1899451 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that are enriched in the liver, but the processes underlying NK cell trafficking to the liver and cellular activation within the liver of patients with T cell-mediated liver diseases remain poorly defined. Concanavalin A (Con A) hepatitis is a murine model mimicking many aspects of human T cell-mediated liver diseases. Here we demonstrate that severe hepatitis in CCR5-deficient (KO) mice is associated with increased hepatic NK cell recruitment driven by enhanced hepatic production of CCL5 acting via CCR1 and by enhanced hepatic NK cell activation relative to that observed in wild-type mice after Con A administration. Furthermore, NK cell depletion ameliorated severe hepatitis in CCR5 KO mice but did not alter hepatitis in wild-type mice after Con A treatment. We propose that in the setting of CCR5 deficiency NK cells assume a profound effector role in Con A hepatitis via enhanced CCL5-CCR1 driven hepatic recruitment in addition to augmented cytokine-driven NK cell activation to produce interferon-gamma. These results highlight the potential profound impact of altered chemokine receptor expression on the innate immune response in the setting of T cell-mediated hepatitis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- CCR5 Receptor Antagonists
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL5/immunology
- Concanavalin A/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hepatitis/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, CCR1
- Receptors, CCR5/deficiency
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen N Ajuebor
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Biswas P, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A. Access denied? The status of co-receptor inhibition to counter HIV entry. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:923-33. [PMID: 17472538 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.7.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As resistance and long-term metabolic abnormalities hamper the efficacy of previous drugs against HIV-1, targeting of HIV co-receptors represents an exciting new frontier for antiretroviral therapeutics. CCR5 inhibitors are most likely to be the new available drugs within the class of entry inhibitors. This paper reviews the most recent clinical data available on the small-molecule compounds vicriviroc and maraviroc and on the antibodies PRO 140 and CCR5mAb004, as well as some novel genetic approaches. A thorough overview of the many challenges, past, present and future, that CCR5 inhibitors encounter during their development pathway is then presented. Possible immunologic consequences are also discussed. It could be foreseen that the benefit for HIV-infected individuals derived by the use of these potential novel drugs will outweigh the costs/risks intrinsically present in every new therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Biswas
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Lab. of Clinical Immunology, Via Stamira d'Ancona n. 20, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|