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Heimfarth L, Dos Santos KS, Monteiro BS, de Souza Oliveira AK, Coutinho HDM, Menezes IRA, Dos Santos MRV, de Souza Araújo AA, Picot L, de Oliveira Júnior RG, Grougnet R, de Souza Siqueira Quintans J, Quintans-Júnior LJ. The protective effects of naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, non-complexed or complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin against multiorgan damage caused by neonatal endotoxemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130500. [PMID: 38428770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotoxemia is a severe and dangerous clinical syndrome that results in elevated morbidity, especially in intensive care units. Neonates are particularly susceptible to endotoxemia due to their immature immune systems. There are few effective treatments for neonatal endotoxemia. One group of compounds with potential in the treatment of neonatal inflammatory diseases such as endotoxemia is the flavonoids, mainly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Among these, naringenin (NGN) is a citrus flavonoid which has already been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive and anti-cancer effects. Unfortunately, its clinical application is limited by its low solubility and bioavailability. However, cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used to improve the solubility of nonpolar drugs and enhance the bioavailability of these natural products. OBJECTIVE We, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of NGN non-complexed and complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) on neonatal endotoxemia injuries in a rodent model and describe the probable molecular mechanisms involved in NGN activities. METHOD We used exposure to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce neonatal endotoxemia in the mice. RESULTS It was found that NGN (100 mg/kg i.p.) exposure during the neonatal period reduced leukocyte migration and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) levels in the lungs, heart, kidneys or cerebral cortex. In addition, NGN upregulated IL-10 production in the lungs and kidneys of neonate mice. The administration of NGN also enhanced antioxidant enzyme catalase and SOD activity, reduced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and increased the reduced sulfhydryl groups in an organ-dependent manner, attenuating the oxidative damage caused by LPS exposure. NGN decreased ERK1/2, p38MAPK and COX-2 activation in the lungs of neonate mice. Moreover, NGN complexed with HPβCD was able to increase the animal survival rate. CONCLUSION NGN attenuated inflammatory and oxidative damage in the lungs, heart and kidneys caused by neonatal endotoxemia through the MAPK signaling pathways regulation. Our results show that NGN has beneficial effects against neonatal endotoxemia and could be useful in the treatment of neonatal inflammatory injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Katielen Silvana Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda Souza Monteiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Departmento de Química Biológica, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laurent Picot
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie-UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie-UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49060-025, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49060-025, Brazil
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Collins A, Swann JW, Proven MA, Patel CM, Mitchell CA, Kasbekar M, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Maternal inflammation regulates fetal emergency myelopoiesis. Cell 2024; 187:1402-1421.e21. [PMID: 38428422 PMCID: PMC10954379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Neonates are highly susceptible to inflammation and infection. Here, we investigate how late fetal liver (FL) mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to inflammation, testing the hypothesis that deficits in the engagement of emergency myelopoiesis (EM) pathways limit neutrophil output and contribute to perinatal neutropenia. We show that fetal HSPCs have limited production of myeloid cells at steady state and fail to activate a classical adult-like EM transcriptional program. Moreover, we find that fetal HSPCs can respond to EM-inducing inflammatory stimuli in vitro but are restricted by maternal anti-inflammatory factors, primarily interleukin-10 (IL-10), from activating EM pathways in utero. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the loss of maternal IL-10 restores EM activation in fetal HSPCs but at the cost of fetal demise. These results reveal the evolutionary trade-off inherent in maternal anti-inflammatory responses that maintain pregnancy but render the fetus unresponsive to EM activation signals and susceptible to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Collins
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Neonatology-Perinatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - James W Swann
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa A Proven
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chandani M Patel
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Monica Kasbekar
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Coleman M, Orvis A, Brokaw A, Furuta A, Sharma K, Quach P, Bhullar A, Sanghavi R, Nguyen S, Sweeney E, Seepersaud R, Armistead B, Adams Waldorf KM, Rajagopal L. GBS hyaluronidase mediates immune suppression in a TLR2/4- and IL-10-dependent manner during pregnancy-associated infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0204923. [PMID: 37747229 PMCID: PMC10653848 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02049-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacteria such as GBS can cause infections during pregnancy leading to preterm births, stillbirths, and neonatal infections. The interaction between host and bacterial factors during infections in the placenta is not fully understood. GBS secretes a hyaluronidase enzyme that is thought to digest host hyaluronan into immunosuppressive disaccharides that dampen TLR2/4 signaling, leading to increased bacterial dissemination and adverse outcomes. In this study, we show that GBS HylB mediates immune suppression and promotes bacterial infection during pregnancy that requires TLR2, TLR4, and IL-10. Understanding the interaction between host and bacterial factors can inform future therapeutic strategies to mitigate GBS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Coleman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Austyn Orvis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Furuta
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Phoenicia Quach
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Avneet Bhullar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rhea Sanghavi
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shayla Nguyen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Sweeney
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ravin Seepersaud
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Blair Armistead
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Megli CJ, Hauspurg A, Venkataramanan R, Caritis SN. A Possible Mechanism of Action of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Enhanced IL-10 Production. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:1585-1589. [PMID: 34784615 PMCID: PMC9879021 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) was reduced by 33% in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit (MFMU) Network trial of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), but the mechanism of action, 17 years later, remains elusive. The robustness of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of leukocytes in pregnant women with a prior PTB correlates with gestational age at delivery. This study sought to determine if there is a relationship between the concentration of 17-OHPC and response to LPS stimulation. STUDY DESIGN We performed a secondary analysis of data from the Omega-3 MFMU trial which evaluated the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in reducing recurrent PTB. We utilized previously characterized data from a subanalyses of the Omega-3 trial of IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with LPS. Blood was obtained from enrolled women at 16 to 22 weeks' gestation (baseline) and 25 to 28 weeks' gestation (posttreatment). All women received 17-OHPC and plasma 17-OHPC concentrations were measured at 25 to 28 weeks' gestation. We analyzed these data to determine if there was a relationship between 17-OHPC concentration and cytokine production. We then performed an in vitro study to determine if 17-OHPC could directly alter cytokine production by THP-1-derived macrophages. RESULTS In the clinical samples, we found that 17-OHPC plasma concentrations were correlated with the quantity of the LPS-stimulated production of IL-10. TNF-α production after LPS stimulation was unrelated to 17-OHPC concentration. In the in vitro study, we demonstrate a 17-OHPC concentration dependent increase in IL-10 production. CONCLUSION In women receiving 17-OHPC for PTB prevention, we demonstrate a relationship between plasma 17-OHPC and LPS-stimulated IL-10 production by circulating leukocytes. We also demonstrate that, in vitro, 17-OHPC treatment affects IL-10 production by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Collectively, these findings support an immunomodulatory mechanism of action of 17-OHPC in the prevention of recurrent PTB. KEY POINTS · 17-OHPC plasma concentrations and LPS-stimulated IL-10 levels correlate in clinical samples in women at risk for recurrent preterm birth.. · 17-OHPC can modulate the response of LPS-stimulated macrophages to increase IL-10 production.. · There was no relationship between TNF-α and plasma concentration of 17-OHPC in clinical samples or in vitro..
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J. Megli
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC Magee-Women’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alisse Hauspurg
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC Magee-Women’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC Magee-Women’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steve N. Caritis
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC Magee-Women’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Collins A, Swann JW, Proven MA, Patel CM, Mitchell CA, Kasbekar M, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Maternal IL-10 restricts fetal emergency myelopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557548. [PMID: 37745377 PMCID: PMC10515963 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Neonates, in contrast to adults, are highly susceptible to inflammation and infection. Here we investigate how late fetal liver (FL) mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) respond to inflammation, testing the hypothesis that deficits in engagement of emergency myelopoiesis (EM) pathways limit neutrophil output and contribute to perinatal neutropenia. We show that despite similar molecular wiring as adults, fetal HSPCs have limited production of myeloid cells at steady state and fail to activate a classical EM transcriptional program. Moreover, we find that fetal HSPCs are capable of responding to EM-inducing inflammatory stimuli in vitro , but are restricted by maternal anti-inflammatory factors, primarily interleukin-10 (IL-10), from activating EM pathways in utero . Accordingly, we demonstrate that loss of maternal IL-10 restores EM activation in fetal HSPCs but at the cost of premature parturition. These results reveal the evolutionary trade-off inherent in maternal anti-inflammatory responses that maintain pregnancy but render the fetus unresponsive to EM activation signals and susceptible to infection. HIGHLIGHTS The structure of the HSPC compartment is conserved from late fetal to adult life.Fetal HSPCs have diminished steady-state myeloid cell production compared to adult.Fetal HSPCs are restricted from engaging in emergency myelopoiesis by maternal IL-10.Restriction of emergency myelopoiesis may explain neutropenia in septic neonates. eTOC BLURB Fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are restricted from activating emergency myelopoiesis pathways by maternal IL-10, resulting in inadequate myeloid cell production in response to inflammatory challenges and contributing to neonatal neutropenia.
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6
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Kammala AK, Mosebarger A, Radnaa E, Rowlinson E, Vora N, Fortunato SJ, Sharma S, Safarzadeh M, Menon R. Extracellular Vesicles-mediated recombinant IL-10 protects against ascending infection-associated preterm birth by reducing fetal inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196453. [PMID: 37600782 PMCID: PMC10437065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal inflammatory response mediated by the influx of immune cells and activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in feto-maternal uterine tissues is the major determinant of infection-associated preterm birth (PTB, live births < 37 weeks of gestation). Objective To reduce the incidence of PTB by minimizing inflammation, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were electroporetically engineered to contain anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 (eIL-10), and their efficacy was tested in an ascending model of infection (vaginal administration of E. coli) induced PTB in mouse models. Study design EVs (size: 30-170 nm) derived from HEK293T cells were electroporated with recombinant IL-10 at 500 volts and 125 Ω, and 6 pulses to generate eIL-10. eIL-10 structural characters (electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, ExoView [size and cargo content] and functional properties (co-treatment of macrophage cells with LPS and eIL-10) were assessed. To test efficacy, CD1 mice were vaginally inoculated with E. coli (1010CFU) and subsequently treated with either PBS, eIL-10 (500ng) or Gentamicin (10mg/kg) or a combination of eIL-10+gentamicin. Fetal inflammatory response in maternal and fetal tissues after the infection or treatment were conducted by suspension Cytometer Time of Flight (CyTOF) using a transgenic mouse model that express red fluorescent TdTomato (mT+) in fetal cells. Results Engineered EVs were structurally and functionally stable and showed reduced proinflammatory cytokine production from LPS challenged macrophage cells in vitro. Maternal administration of eIL-10 (10 µg/kg body weight) crossed feto-maternal barriers to delay E. coli-induced PTB to deliver live pups at term. Delay in PTB was associated with reduced feto-maternal uterine inflammation (immune cell infiltration and histologic chorioamnionitis, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production). Conclusions eIL-10 administration was safe, stable, specific, delayed PTB by over 72 hrs and delivered live pups. The delivery of drugs using EVs overcomes the limitations of in-utero fetal interventions. Protecting IL-10 in EVs eliminates the need for the amniotic administration of recombinant IL-10 for its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Angela Mosebarger
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Emma Rowlinson
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Natasha Vora
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen J. Fortunato
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Melody Safarzadeh
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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Herren H, Marcolin AC, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Cardoso VC, Quintana SM, Cavalli RC. Cytokine quantification and association with cervical length in a prospective cohort of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:458. [PMID: 37340384 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality; its multifactorial causes are an obstacle to understanding etiology and pathogenesis. The importance of cytokines and inflammation in its etiology and association with the short cervix is nowadays well-proven. To date, there are no reliable biological or biochemical markers to predict preterm birth; even though the length of the cervix has high specificity, its sensitivity with the cervix below 2.5 cm is low. OBJECTIVE We study the association of plasma cytokine levels and cervical length in search of predictors of preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated a total of 1400 pregnant women carrying a single fetus between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation, and 1370 of them after childbirth in a nested case-control study of a prenatal cohort. Eligible pregnant women were interviewed and submitted to obstetric morphological and transvaginal ultrasound with cervical length measurement, gynecological examination, and blood collection. Preterm birth occurred in 133 women, 129 included in the study, and a control group randomly selected at a 2:1 ratio. A total of 41 cytokines with a higher probability of being associated with preterm birth or being of significance during labor were determined. RESULTS Cytokine and cervical length analysis by multivariate analysis of the conditional interference tree revealed that growth-related oncogene values of less than 2293 pg/mL were significantly associated with a cervical length of less than 2.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS As well as a cervical length shorter than 2.5 cm, growth-related oncogene levels of less than 2293 pg/ml may be associated with an increased risk of PB. Analysis based on the association of biomarkers and of the interaction between cytokines is a promising pathway in search of a predictor of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmer Herren
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 8º Andar - HCRP Campus Universitário - Ribeirão Preto - SP CEP: 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra C Marcolin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 8º Andar - HCRP Campus Universitário - Ribeirão Preto - SP CEP: 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Barbieri
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Cardoso
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Quintana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 8º Andar - HCRP Campus Universitário - Ribeirão Preto - SP CEP: 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 8º Andar - HCRP Campus Universitário - Ribeirão Preto - SP CEP: 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chang R, Dai J, Wang L, Liu H, Jiang H, Liu X, Jiang L, He F, Hu L. PlGF/FLT-1 deficiency leads to reduced STAT3-C/EBPβ signaling and aberrant polarization in decidual macrophages during early spontaneous abortion. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1061949. [PMID: 37033974 PMCID: PMC10074254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1061949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDysregulated macrophage polarization (excessive M1-like or limited M2-like macrophages) in the early decidua contributes to allogeneic fetal rejection and thus early spontaneous abortion. However, the modulators of M1/M2 balance at the early maternal-fetal interface remain mostly unknown.MethodsFirst-trimester decidual tissues were collected from normal pregnant women undergoing elective pregnancy terminations and patients with spontaneous abortion. We measured the expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and Fms-like-tyrosine-kinase receptor 1 (FLT-1), and characterized the profiles of macrophages in decidua. Notably, we investigated the effect of recombinant human PlGF (rhPlGF) on decidual macrophages (dMös) from normal pregnancy and revealed the underlying mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe downregulated expression of PlGF/ FLT-1 may result in spontaneous abortion by inducing the M1-like deviation of macrophages in human early decidua. Moreover, the CBA/J×DBA/2 abortion-prone mice displayed a lower FLT-1 expression in uterine macrophages than did CBA/J×BALB/c control pregnant mice. In in vitro models, rhPlGF treatment was found to drive the M2-like polarization of dMös via the STAT3/CEBPB signaling pathway. These findings were further supported by a higher embryo resorption rate and uterine macrophage dysfunction in Pgf knockout mice, in addition to the reduced STAT3 transcription and C/EBPâ expression in uterine macrophages.DiscussionPlGF plays a key role in early pregnancy maintenance by skewing dMös toward an M2-like phenotype via the FLT-1-STAT3-C/EBP â signaling pathway. Excitingly, our results highlight a rationale that PlGF is a promising target to prevent early spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Chang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Lab for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingcong Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan He
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Lab for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Fan He, ; Lina Hu,
| | - Lina Hu
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Lab for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Fan He, ; Lina Hu,
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Molecular Targets in Campylobacter Infections. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030409. [PMID: 36979344 PMCID: PMC10046527 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis results from foodborne infections with Campylobacter bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, and represents a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. After consumption of contaminated poultry meat, constituting the major source of pathogenic transfer to humans, infected patients develop abdominal pain and diarrhea. Post-infectious disorders following acute enteritis may occur and affect the nervous system, the joints or the intestines. Immunocompromising comorbidities in infected patients favor bacteremia, leading to vascular inflammation and septicemia. Prevention of human infection is achieved by hygiene measures focusing on the reduction of pathogenic food contamination. Molecular targets for the treatment and prevention of campylobacteriosis include bacterial pathogenicity and virulence factors involved in motility, adhesion, invasion, oxygen detoxification, acid resistance and biofilm formation. This repertoire of intervention measures has recently been completed by drugs dampening the pro-inflammatory immune responses induced by the Campylobacter endotoxin lipo-oligosaccharide. Novel pharmaceutical strategies will combine anti-pathogenic and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce the risk of both anti-microbial resistance and post-infectious sequelae of acute enteritis. Novel strategies and actual trends in the combat of Campylobacter infections are presented in this review, alongside molecular targets applied for prevention and treatment strategies.
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IL-10: A bridge between immune cells and metabolism during pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103750. [PMID: 36156316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism plays a crucial role in the immune system. In addition to providing vital energy for cell growth, reproduction and other cell activities, the metabolism of nutrients such as glucose and lipids also have significant effects on cell function through metabolites, metabolic enzymes, and changing metabolic status. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), as a pleiotropic regulator, can be secreted by a diverse set of cells and can also participate in regulating the functions of various cells, thereby playing an essential role in the formation and maintenance of immune tolerance in pregnancy. Studies on the regulatory effects and mechanisms of IL-10 on immune cells are extensive; however, research from a metabolic perspective is relatively negligible. Here, we have discussed old and new data on the relationship between IL-10 and metabolism. The data show that alterations in cellular metabolism and specific metabolites regulate IL-10 production of immune cells. Moreover, IL-10 regulates immune cell phenotypes and functions by modulating oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. This review summarizes some earlier observations regarding IL-10 and its relationship with immune cells in pregnancy, and also presents recent research on the link between IL-10 and metabolism, highlighting the potential relationship between IL-10, immune cells, and energy metabolism during pregnancy.
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Vidal MS, Lintao RCV, Severino MEL, Tantengco OAG, Menon R. Spontaneous preterm birth: Involvement of multiple feto-maternal tissues and organ systems, differing mechanisms, and pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015622. [PMID: 36313741 PMCID: PMC9606232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of preterm birth struggle with multitudes of disabilities due to improper in utero programming of various tissues and organ systems contributing to adult-onset diseases at a very early stage of their lives. Therefore, the persistent rates of low birth weight (birth weight < 2,500 grams), as well as rates of neonatal and maternal morbidities and mortalities, need to be addressed. Active research throughout the years has provided us with multiple theories regarding the risk factors, initiators, biomarkers, and clinical manifestations of spontaneous preterm birth. Fetal organs, like the placenta and fetal membranes, and maternal tissues and organs, like the decidua, myometrium, and cervix, have all been shown to uniquely respond to specific exogenous or endogenous risk factors. These uniquely contribute to dynamic changes at the molecular and cellular levels to effect preterm labor pathways leading to delivery. Multiple intervention targets in these different tissues and organs have been successfully tested in preclinical trials to reduce the individual impacts on promoting preterm birth. However, these preclinical trial data have not been effectively translated into developing biomarkers of high-risk individuals for an early diagnosis of the disease. This becomes more evident when examining the current global rate of preterm birth, which remains staggeringly high despite years of research. We postulate that studying each tissue and organ in silos, as how the majority of research has been conducted in the past years, is unlikely to address the network interaction between various systems leading to a synchronized activity during either term or preterm labor and delivery. To address current limitations, this review proposes an integrated approach to studying various tissues and organs involved in the maintenance of normal pregnancy, promotion of normal parturition, and more importantly, contributions towards preterm birth. We also stress the need for biological models that allows for concomitant observation and analysis of interactions, rather than focusing on these tissues and organ in silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S. Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ryan C. V. Lintao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mary Elise L. Severino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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Busse M, Zenclussen AC. IL-10 Producing B Cells Protect against LPS-Induced Murine Preterm Birth by Promoting PD1- and ICOS-Expressing T Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172690. [PMID: 36078100 PMCID: PMC9454497 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells and in particular IL-10-secreting B cells emerge as important players in immune balance during pregnancy. We have recently revealed that CD19-deficient (CD19−/−), B cell-specific IL-10-deficient (BIL-10−/−) and B cell-deficient µMT pregnant mice are highly susceptible to LPS-induced preterm birth (PTB). We aimed to analyze the ability of IL-10-secreting cells to protect from PTB and the underlying mechanisms. Wild type (WT), CD19−/−, BIL-10−/− and µMT mice were treated with LPS at gd16 and the cellular immune response was investigated 24 h later. LPS-treated BIL-10−/− dams showed a more pronounced PTB phenotype compared to WT, CD19−/− and µMT females, and increased inflammatory and reduced anti-inflammatory mediator concentrations in the peritoneal cavity and serum. CD19−/−, BIL-10−/− and µMT mice displayed altered immune cell population frequencies in the blood and uterus with lower numbers of IL-10-secreting B cells and T cells. BIL-10−/− mothers presented decreased frequencies of uterine CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Co-stimulatory molecules are critical for feto-maternal tolerance and IL-10 secretion. We found dysregulated PD-1 expression in peripheral blood and ICOS expression in the uterus of CD19−/−, BIL-10−/− and µMT dams. Our data show that B cell-specific IL-10-signaling is essential for a balanced maternal immune response to an inflammatory stimulant that cannot be hampered without IL-10-secreting B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Busse
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Translation Research, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-2351265
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13
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Ganieva U, Schneiderman S, Bu P, Beaman K, Dambaeva S. IL-22 regulates endometrial regeneration by enhancing tight junctions and orchestrating extracellular matrix. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955576. [PMID: 36091010 PMCID: PMC9453595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterine endometrium uniquely regenerates after menses, postpartum, or after breaks in the uterine layer integrity throughout women’s lives. Direct cell–cell contacts ensured by tight and adherens junctions play an important role in endometrial integrity. Any changes in these junctions can alter the endometrial permeability of the uterus and have an impact on the regeneration of uterine layers. Interleukin 22 (IL-22) is a cytokine that is recognized for its role in epithelial regeneration. Moreover, it is crucial in controlling the inflammatory response in mucosal tissues. Here, we studied the role of IL-22 in endometrial recovery after inflammation-triggered abortion. Fecundity of mice was studied in consecutive matings of the same animals after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 µg per mouse)-triggered abortion. The fecundity rate after the second mating was substantially different between IL-22 knockout (IL-22−/−) (9.1%) and wild-type (WT) (71.4%) mice (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between the groups in the initial mating, suggesting that IL-22 deficiency might be associated with secondary infertility. A considerable difference was observed between IL-22−/− and WT mice in the uterine clearance following LPS-triggered abortion. Gross examination of the uteri of IL-22−/− mice revealed non-viable fetuses retained inside the horns (delayed clearance). In contrast, all WT mice had completed abortion with total clearance after LPS exposure. We also discovered that IL-22 deficiency is associated with a decreased expression of tight junctions (claudin-2 and claudin-10) and cell surface pathogen protectors (mucin-1). Moreover, IL-22 has a role in the remodeling of the uterine tissue in the inflammatory environment by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers called E- and N-cadherin. Therefore, IL-22 contributes to the proper regeneration of endometrial layers after inflammation-triggered abortion. Thus, it might have a practical significance to be utilized as a treatment option postpartum (enhanced regeneration function) and in secondary infertility caused by inflammation (enhanced barrier/protector function).
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Affiliation(s)
- Umida Ganieva
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sylvia Schneiderman
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pengli Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kenneth Beaman
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Svetlana Dambaeva
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Dambaeva,
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Ding W, Lau SL, Wang CC, Zhang T, Getsko O, Lee NMW, Chim SSC, Wong CK, Leung TY. Dynamic changes in maternal immune biomarkers during labor in nulliparous vs multiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:627.e1-627.e23. [PMID: 35609644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunomodulation is observed in human parturition. However, data from longitudinal studies for the prelabor phase and the active phase of labor are lacking, and no study had compared the immune responses during labor between nulliparous and multiparous women. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes of immune biomarkers in maternal blood from the prelabor phase to the latent and active phases of labor and to compare the dynamic changes between nulliparous and multiparous women. STUDY DESIGN A prospective case-control study was conducted on women who had induction of labor at term followed by vaginal delivery. Maternal blood was serially collected at 3 consecutive time points: (1) before the onset of labor, (2) during the latent phase of labor, and (3) during the active phase of labor. Peripheral immune cells were measured by 4-color flow cytometry, and the plasma concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were measured by cytometric bead arrays. A longitudinal comparison was made to assess the dynamic changes in inflammatory parameters over 3 time points in nulliparous and multiparous women, respectively, and a cross-sectional comparison was made between nulliparous and multiparous women. RESULTS A total of 40 women, including 20 nulliparous and 20 multiparous, were included in the study. Prelabor circulating levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, monokine induced by gamma interferon, and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 were higher in multiparous women than in nulliparous women. In the latent phase of labor, the innate immune system in both groups responded with increases in neutrophils and interleukin 6, and the nulliparous women showed a more pronounced response. During the active phase of labor, such innate immune response continued with both groups, with additional increases in natural killer cells, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin 8, and interleukin 10. Conversely, the adaptive immune system in nulliparous women showed a reduction in both cytotoxic and helper T cells, whereas the adaptive immune system in multiparous women only had a reduction in helper T cells, showing a smaller reduction. CONCLUSION Innate and adaptive immune responses partake in immunomodulation during human parturition. Nulliparous and multiparous women showed different responses in their blood levels of immune cells and biomarkers during the different phases of labor.
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Bing X, Lovelace T, Bunea F, Wegkamp M, Kasturi SP, Singh H, Benos PV, Das J. Essential Regression: A generalizable framework for inferring causal latent factors from multi-omic datasets. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100473. [PMID: 35607614 PMCID: PMC9122954 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional cellular and molecular profiling of biological samples highlights the need for analytical approaches that can integrate multi-omic datasets to generate prioritized causal inferences. Current methods are limited by high dimensionality of the combined datasets, the differences in their data distributions, and their integration to infer causal relationships. Here, we present Essential Regression (ER), a novel latent-factor-regression-based interpretable machine-learning approach that addresses these problems by identifying latent factors and their likely cause-effect relationships with system-wide outcomes/properties of interest. ER can integrate many multi-omic datasets without structural or distributional assumptions regarding the data. It outperforms a range of state-of-the-art methods in terms of prediction. ER can be coupled with probabilistic graphical modeling, thereby strengthening the causal inferences. The utility of ER is demonstrated using multi-omic system immunology datasets to generate and validate novel cellular and molecular inferences in a wide range of contexts including immunosenescence and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bing
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Lovelace
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon – University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Florentina Bunea
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marten Wegkamp
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Animal Models of Chorioamnionitis: Considerations for Translational Medicine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040811. [PMID: 35453561 PMCID: PMC9032938 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is defined as any birth occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation by the World Health Organization. Preterm birth is responsible for perinatal mortality and long-term neurological morbidity. Acute chorioamnionitis is observed in 70% of premature labor and is associated with a heavy burden of multiorgan morbidities in the offspring. Unfortunately, chorioamnionitis is still missing effective biomarkers and early placento- as well as feto-protective and curative treatments. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of chorioamnionitis and subsequent impacts on the pregnancy outcome, both during and beyond gestation. This review also describes relevant and current animal models of chorioamnionitis used to decipher associated mechanisms and develop much needed therapies. Improved knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning chorioamnionitis based on preclinical models is a mandatory step to identify early in utero diagnostic biomarkers and design novel anti-inflammatory interventions to improve both maternal and fetal outcomes.
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17
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Kwon HK, Choi GB, Huh JR. Maternal inflammation and its ramifications on fetal neurodevelopment. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:230-244. [PMID: 35131181 PMCID: PMC9005201 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to heightened inflammation in pregnancy caused by infections or other inflammatory insults has been associated with the onset of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in children. Rodent models have provided unique insights into how this maternal immune activation (MIA) disrupts brain development. Here, we discuss the key immune factors involved, highlight recent advances in determining the molecular and cellular pathways of MIA, and review how the maternal immune system affects fetal development. We also examine the roles of microbiomes in shaping maternal immune function and the development of autism-like phenotypes. A comprehensive understanding of the gut bacteria-immune-neuro interaction in MIA is essential for developing diagnostic and therapeutic measures for high-risk pregnant women and identifying targets for treating inflammation-induced neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
| | - Gloria B. Choi
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun R. Huh
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Correspondence: Ho-Keun Kwon () and Jun R. Huh ()
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18
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Price HR, Pang N, Kim H, Coughtrie MWH, Collier AC. Protective placental inflammatory and oxidative stress responses are attenuated in the context of twin pregnancy and chorioamnionitis in assisted reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:227-238. [PMID: 34988769 PMCID: PMC8866596 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are associated with increased risks of pregnancy complications and obstetric interventions. Here, we aimed to determine if ART affects placental inflammation and oxidative stress as a mechanism for unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. METHODS The levels of six cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα) were measured using multiplex ELISA. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase) and levels of two antioxidants (GSH, vitamin E) were measured using commercial/in-house assays. Markers were compared between ART and unassisted pregnancies, and then groups were stratified using ICD9/10 codes to determine differences in specific clinical contexts. RESULTS In unassisted twin pregnancies, there was a trend of decreased cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, p < 0.05), but cytokines in ART twins were the same or higher. Additionally, GST and GPx activities were lower in unassisted twins, and vitamin E levels were higher in ART twins (p < 0.05). In pregnancies complicated by chorioamnionitis, there was a trend of increased cytokine levels in unassisted pregnancies (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, p < 0.05). No increase was observed in ART, and IFN-γ and TNFα were decreased (p < 0.05). Placental GST and GPx activities were higher in unassisted pregnancies with chorioamnionitis compared to ART (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Attenuation of protective placental inflammatory and oxidative stress responses may play a role in the underlying pathogenesis of negative birth outcomes in ART, expanding our understanding of adverse pregnancy outcomes when ART is used to conceive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R. Price
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3 Canada
| | - Nick Pang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3 Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Michael W. H. Coughtrie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3 Canada
| | - Abby C. Collier
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3 Canada
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19
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Freitas RAD, Lima VV, Bomfim GF, Giachini FRC. Interleukin-10 in the Vasculature: Pathophysiological Implications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:230-243. [PMID: 34961448 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666211227143459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine, initially characterized as an anti-inflammatory agent released by immune cells during infectious and inflammatory processes. IL-10 exhibits biological functions that extend to the regulation of different intracellular signaling pathways directly associated with vascular function. This cytokine plays a vital role in vascular tone regulation through the change of important proteins involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Numerous investigations covered here have shown that therapeutic strategies inducing IL-10 result in anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertrophic, antihyperplastic, anti-apoptotic and antihypertensive effects. This non-systematic review summarizes the modulating effects mediated by IL-10 in vascular tissue, particularly on vascular tone, and the intracellular pathway induced by this cytokine. We also highlight the advances in IL-10 manipulation as a therapeutic target in different cardiovascular pathophysiologies, including the physiological implications in animals and humans. Finally, the review illustrates current and potential future perspectives of the potential use of IL-10 in clinical trials, based on the clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças - Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Regina Casagrande Giachini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia - Brazil.
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças - Brazil
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20
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Nguyen LM, Omage JI, Noble K, McNew KL, Moore DJ, Aronoff DM, Doster RS. Group B streptococcal infection of the genitourinary tract in pregnant and non-pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus: An immunocompromised host or something more? Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13501. [PMID: 34570418 PMCID: PMC8668237 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly encountered as part of the microbiota within the human gastrointestinal tract. A common cause of infections during pregnancy, GBS is responsible for invasive diseases ranging from urinary tract infections to chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease resulting from impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. The incidence of DM has steadily increased worldwide to affecting over 450 million people. Poorly controlled DM is associated with multiple health comorbidities including an increased risk for infection. Epidemiologic studies have clearly demonstrated that DM correlates with an increased risk for invasive GBS infections, including skin and soft tissue infections and sepsis in non-pregnant adults. However, the impact of DM on risk for invasive GBS urogenital infections, particularly during the already vulnerable time of pregnancy, is less clear. We review the evolving epidemiology, immunology, and pathophysiology of GBS urogenital infections including rectovaginal colonization during pregnancy, neonatal infections of infants exposed to DM in utero, and urinary tract infections in pregnant and non-pregnant adults in the context of DM and highlight in vitro studies examining why DM might increase risk for GBS urogenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsa M Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joel I Omage
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelsey L McNew
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan S Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Tiozzo C, Bustoros M, Lin X, Manzano De Mejia C, Gurzenda E, Chavez M, Hanna I, Aguiari P, Perin L, Hanna N. Placental extracellular vesicles-associated microRNA-519c mediates endotoxin adaptation in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:681.e1-681.e20. [PMID: 34181894 PMCID: PMC8633060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy represents a unique challenge for the maternal-fetal immune interface, requiring a balance between immunosuppression, which is essential for the maintenance of a semiallogeneic fetus, and proinflammatory host defense to protect the maternal-fetal interface from invading organisms. Adaptation to repeated inflammatory stimuli (endotoxin tolerance) may be critical in preventing inflammation-induced preterm birth caused by exaggerated maternal inflammatory responses to mild or moderate infections that are common during pregnancy. However, the exact mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of tolerance to repeated infections are not completely understood. MicroRNAs play important roles in pregnancy with several microRNAs implicated in gestational tissue function and in pathologic pregnancy conditions. MicroRNA-519c, a member of the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster, is a human-specific microRNA mainly expressed in the placenta. However, its role in pregnancy is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of "endotoxin tolerance" failure in the pathogenesis of an exaggerated inflammatory response often seen in inflammation-mediated preterm birth. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNA-519c, a placenta-specific microRNA, as a key regulator of endotoxin tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. STUDY DESIGN Using a placental explant culture system, samples from term and second-trimester placentas were treated with lipopolysaccharide. After 24 hours, the conditioned media were collected for analysis, and the placental explants were re-exposed to repeated doses of lipopolysaccharide for 3 days. The supernatant was analyzed for inflammatory markers, the presence of extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs. To study the possible mechanism of action of the microRNAs, we evaluated the phosphodiesterase 3B pathway involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha production using a microRNA mimic and phosphodiesterase 3B small interfering RNA transfection. Finally, we analyzed human placental samples from different gestational ages and from women affected by inflammation-associated pregnancies. RESULTS Our data showed that repeated exposure of the human placenta to endotoxin challenges induced a tolerant phenotype characterized by decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and up-regulated interleukin-10 levels. This reaction was mediated by the placenta-specific microRNA-519c packaged within placental extracellular vesicles. Lipopolysaccharide treatment increased the extracellular vesicles that were positive for the exosome tetraspanin markers, namely CD9, CD63, and CD81, and secreted primarily by trophoblasts. Primary human trophoblast cells transfected with a microRNA-519c mimic decreased phosphodiesterase 3B, whereas a lack of phosphodiesterase 3B, achieved by small interfering RNA transfection, led to decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha production. These data support the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory action of microRNA-519c was mediated by a down-regulation of the phosphodiesterase 3B pathway, leading to inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Furthermore, human placentas from normal and inflammation-associated pregnancies demonstrated that a decreased placental microRNA-519c level was linked to infection-induced inflammatory pathologies during pregnancy. CONCLUSION We identified microRNA-519c, a human placenta-specific microRNA, as a novel regulator of immune adaptation associated with infection-induced preterm birth at the maternal-fetal interface. Our study serves as a basis for future experiments to explore the potential use of microRNA-519c as a biomarker for infection-induced preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tiozzo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Mark Bustoros
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY; Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Claudia Manzano De Mejia
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Ellen Gurzenda
- Research and Academic Center, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Martin Chavez
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Iman Hanna
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Paola Aguiari
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY.
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22
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Hirata Y, Shimazaki S, Suzuki S, Henmi Y, Komiyama H, Kuwayama T, Iwata H, Karasawa T, Takahashi M, Takahashi H, Shirasuna K. β-hydroxybutyrate suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated placental inflammation and lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal absorption. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103433. [PMID: 34628106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system contributes to the regulation of pregnancy, and the disruption of well-controlled immune functions leads to pregnancy complications. Recently, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mechanisms [(a protein complex of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1)] have been reported to play roles in controlling placental inflammation involved in pregnancy pathologies. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improve various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that BHB could suppress activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the placenta, resulting in the improvement of pregnancy complications. In human placental tissue culture, treatment with BHB suppressed the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, but did not affect the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated factors. Treatment with BHB reduced IL-1β secretion and the amount of mature IL-1β protein induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in the placenta. In human trophoblast cells, BHB reduced ASC and activated-caspase-1 expression, resulting in the inhibition of IL-1β secretion. To investigate the effect of BHB during pregnancy, we used an animal model of LPS (100 μg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.] on gestational day 14)-induced pregnancy complications. Administration of BHB (100 mg/kg i.p.) clearly suppressed the absorption rate and IL-1β production in the placenta induced by LPS in pregnant mice. Moreover, LPS-induced pregnancy abnormalities were improved in NLRP3-deficient mice. These findings suggest that BHB play a role in reducing placental inflammation and pregnancy complications via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shimazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Sae Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Yuka Henmi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hiromu Komiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan.
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23
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Gomez-Lopez N, Garcia-Flores V, Chin PY, Groome HM, Bijland MT, Diener KR, Romero R, Robertson SA. Macrophages exert homeostatic actions in pregnancy to protect against preterm birth and fetal inflammatory injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146089. [PMID: 34622802 PMCID: PMC8525593 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are commonly thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of preterm labor by amplifying inflammation — but a protective role has not previously been considered to our knowledge. We hypothesized that given their antiinflammatory capability in early pregnancy, macrophages exert essential roles in maintenance of late gestation and that insufficient macrophages may predispose individuals to spontaneous preterm labor and adverse neonatal outcomes. Here, we showed that women with spontaneous preterm birth had reduced CD209+CD206+ expression in alternatively activated CD45+CD14+ICAM3– macrophages and increased TNF expression in proinflammatory CD45+CD14+CD80+HLA-DR+ macrophages in the uterine decidua at the materno-fetal interface. In Cd11bDTR/DTR mice, depletion of maternal CD11b+ myeloid cells caused preterm birth, neonatal death, and postnatal growth impairment, accompanied by uterine cytokine and leukocyte changes indicative of a proinflammatory response, while adoptive transfer of WT macrophages prevented preterm birth and partially rescued neonatal loss. In a model of intra-amniotic inflammation–induced preterm birth, macrophages polarized in vitro to an M2 phenotype showed superior capacity over nonpolarized macrophages to reduce uterine and fetal inflammation, prevent preterm birth, and improve neonatal survival. We conclude that macrophages exert a critical homeostatic regulatory role in late gestation and are implicated as a determinant of susceptibility to spontaneous preterm birth and fetal inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services; Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services; Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Holly M Groome
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie T Bijland
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services; Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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24
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Gómez-Chávez F, Correa D, Navarrete-Meneses P, Cancino-Diaz JC, Cancino-Diaz ME, Rodríguez-Martínez S. NF-κB and Its Regulators During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679106. [PMID: 34025678 PMCID: PMC8131829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor NF-κB is a nuclear factor involved in both physiological and pathological processes. This factor can control the transcription of more than 400 genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and their modulators, immune and non-immune receptors, proteins involved in antigen presentation and cell adhesion, acute phase and stress response proteins, regulators of apoptosis, growth factors, other transcription factors and their regulators, as well as different enzymes; all these molecules control several biological processes. NF-κB is a tightly regulated molecule that has also been related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, inflammation, and the control of innate and adaptive immune responses during onset of labor, in which it has a crucial role; thus, early activation of this factor may have an adverse effect, by inducing premature termination of pregnancy, with bad outcomes for the mother and the fetus, including product loss. Reviews compiling the different activities of NF-κB have been reported. However, an update regarding NF-κB regulation during pregnancy is lacking. In this work, we aimed to describe the state of the art around NF-κB activity, its regulatory role in pregnancy, and the effect of its dysregulation due to invasion by pathogens like Trichomonas vaginalis and Toxoplasma gondii as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Secretaría de Salud, Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.,Secretaría de Salud, Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Correa
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunomicrobiología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Eugenio Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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Munro SK, Balakrishnan B, Lissaman AC, Gujral P, Ponnampalam AP. Cytokines and pregnancy: Potential regulation by histone deacetylases. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:321-337. [PMID: 33904218 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are important regulators of pregnancy and parturition. Aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines during pregnancy contributes towards preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The regulation of cytokine expression in human cells is highly complex, involving interactions between environment, transcription factors, and feedback mechanisms. Recent developments in epigenetic research have made tremendous advancements in exploring histone modifications as a key epigenetic regulator of cytokine expression and the effect of their signaling molecules on various organ systems in the human body. Histone acetylation and subsequent deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) are major epigenetic regulators of protein expression in the human body. The expression of various proinflammatory cytokines, their role in normal and abnormal pregnancy, and their epigenetic regulation via HDACs will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl K Munro
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abbey C Lissaman
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Palak Gujral
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Heimesaat MM, Backert S, Alter T, Bereswill S. Human Campylobacteriosis-A Serious Infectious Threat in a One Health Perspective. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:1-23. [PMID: 33620646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic Campylobacter species-mainly C. jejuni and C. coli-are major causes of food-borne bacterial infectious gastroenteritis worldwide. Symptoms of intestinal campylobacteriosis include abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever. The clinical course of enteritis is generally self-limiting, but some infected individuals develop severe post-infectious sequelae including autoimmune disorders affecting the nervous system, the joints and the intestinal tract. Moreover, in immunocompromised individuals, systemic spread of the pathogens may trigger diseases of the circulatory system and septicemia. The socioeconomic costs associated with Campylobacter infections have been calculated to several billion dollars annually. Poultry meat products represent major sources of human infections. Thus, a "One World-One Health" approach with collective efforts of public health authorities, veterinarians, clinicians, researchers and politicians is required to reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis. Innovative intervention regimes for the prevention of Campylobacter contaminations along the food chain include improvements of information distribution to strengthen hygiene measures for agricultural remediation. Given that elimination of Campylobacter from the food production chains is not feasible, novel intervention strategies fortify both the reduction of pathogen contamination in food production and the treatment of the associated diseases in humans. This review summarizes some current trends in the combat of Campylobacter infections including the combination of public health and veterinary preventive approaches with consumer education. The "One World-One Health" perspective is completed by clinical aspects and molecular concepts of human campylobacteriosis offering innovative treatment options supported by novel murine infection models that are based on the essential role of innate immune activation by bacterial endotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Mousavi S, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Murine Models for the Investigation of Colonization Resistance and Innate Immune Responses in Campylobacter Jejuni Infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:233-263. [PMID: 33620654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human infections with the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni are progressively increasing worldwide and constitute a significant socioeconomic burden to mankind. Intestinal campylobacteriosis in humans is characterized by bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and severe malaise. Some individuals develop chronic post-infectious sequelae including neurological and autoimmune diseases such as reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Studies unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying campylobacteriosis and post-infectious sequelae have been hampered by the scarcity of appropriate experimental in vivo models. Particularly, conventional laboratory mice are protected from C. jejuni infection due to the physiological colonization resistance exerted by the murine gut microbiota composition. Additionally, as compared to humans, mice are up to 10,000 times more resistant to C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (LOS) constituting a major pathogenicity factor responsible for the immunopathological host responses during campylobacteriosis. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in overcoming these fundamental obstacles in Campylobacter research in mice. Modification of the murine host-specific gut microbiota composition and sensitization of the mice to C. jejuni LOS by deletion of genes encoding interleukin-10 or a single IL-1 receptor-related molecule as well as by dietary zinc depletion have yielded reliable murine infection models resembling key features of human campylobacteriosis. These substantial improvements pave the way for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogen-host interactions. The ongoing validation and standardization of these novel murine infection models will provide the basis for the development of innovative treatment and prevention strategies to combat human campylobacteriosis and collateral damages of C. jejuni infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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28
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Yanik BM, Dauch JR, Cheng HT. Interleukin-10 Reduces Neurogenic Inflammation and Pain Behavior in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Pain Res 2020; 13:3499-3512. [PMID: 33402846 PMCID: PMC7778525 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s264136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neurogenic inflammation is a major component of chronic neuropathic pain. Previously, we established the db/db mouse as an animal model of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) of type 2 diabetes. In the current study, we investigate the roles of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in the development of neurogenic inflammation and pain behavior in db/db mouse. Materials and Methods We first studied IL-10 expression in lumbar dorsal root ganglion (LDRG) neurons of db/db mice using immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction during the period of pain behavior (from 8 to 16 wk of age). To determine if the reduced IL-10 expression mediates the mechanical allodynia in db/db mice, we administered recombinant mouse IL-10 or saline (control) intraperitoneally to control db/+ and db/db mice starting at 8 wk of age. IL-10 treatment was repeated every other day for 2 wk until the mice reached 10 wk of age. Results During the period of pain behavior, reduction of IL-10 protein and gene expression was detected in LDRG of db/db mice. Treatment with recombinant IL-10, from 8 to 10 wk of age, alleviates pain behaviors in db/db mice without affecting other diabetic parameters. In parallel, IL-10 treatment reduced the upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high-affinity NGF receptor (Trk A) in LDRG, as well as the numbers of iNOS-positive Langerhans cells and CD-68-positive dermal dendritic cells in the hind-foot-pad skin in db/db mice. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the reduction in neuronal IL-10 increases inflammatory phenomena, ultimately contributing to PDN. These results suggest that the dysregulation of cytokine-mediated inflammation contributes to the development of PDN in db/db mice. Targeting this pathophysiologic mechanism could be an effective approach for treating PDN in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Yanik
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Dauch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hsinlin T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Ali S, Majid S, Ali MN, Taing S, Rehman MU, Arafah A. Cytokine imbalance at materno-embryonic interface as a potential immune mechanism for recurrent pregnancy loss. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107118. [PMID: 33191177 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a prominent reproductive disease that distresses about 2%-5% of couples. RPL is the loss of two or more successive spontaneous pregnancies prior to the 20th week of embryo development. The commencement of pregnancy necessitates implantation of the embryo into responsive maternal decidua synchronized with the process of placentation, decidual and myometrial trophoblast incursion as well as refashioning of spiral blood arteries of uterus. The collapse of any of the processes fundamental for pregnancy success may result into an array of pregnancy problems including spontaneous pregnancy loss. Endometrium of human female manufactures an extensive range of cytokines during the proliferative and secretory stage of the menstrual cycle. These endometrial cytokines are thought as major players for making the uterus ready for embryo implantation and placental development during pregnancy. Decidual cytokines regulate the invasion of trophoblast and remodeling of spiral arteries as well as take part in immune suppression to accomplish the pregnancy. Deterrence of maternal rejection of embryo needs a regulated milieu, which takes place essentially at the embryo-maternal interface and the tissues of the uterus. The reasons of RPL remain anonymous in a large number of cases that lead to difficulties in management and severe trauma in couples. Cytokine modulatory therapies have been shown promising for preventing RPL. Further study of novel factors is wanted to establish more effective RPL treatment protocols. The present study aims to review the outcome of cytokine breach at materno-embryonic interface and the efficacy of cytokine modulatory therapies in RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir-190006, Srinagar, J&K, India; Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, J&K, India.
| | - Sabhiya Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Md Niamat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir-190006, Srinagar, J&K, India.
| | - Shahnaz Taing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Govt. Medical College Associated Lalla Ded Hospital, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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On use of animal models. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:207-227. [PMID: 32691841 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy, critical for our species survival, is inefficient and prone to complications such as infertility, spontaneous miscarriages and preeclampsia (PE). Immunological factors may be important as the embryo is 50% paternal and foreign to the mother. Mouse pregnancy models, and in particular the murine CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, has been widely used to investigate mechanisms causing and preventing partner-specific recurrent miscarriages (RM) and PE. Occult losses can represent T cell-mediated rejection, and antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) with classical αβ T cell receptors (TcR) activated by semen antigens at the time of mating are protective. If there is no occult loss, an inadequate Treg response can also predispose to RM. In RM, proinflammatory cytokines from natural killer (NK)-type cells and macrophages of the innate immune system are responsible and cells with γδ TcR protect via release of TGF-β-type molecules. Immunization of abortion-prone female CBA/J mice or administration of cell-associated or soluble CD200, an immune check point inhibitor, can prevent abortions by augmenting uterine decidual suppressor cell activity. Human studies suggest that is also true in couples with RM. Environmental activators of the innate immune system, such as bacterial LPS and stress, can cause abortions as well as occult losses. The endogenous level of Tregs and activation of Tregs specific for the male H-Y antigen may determine success rates and alter the male:female birth ratio. Intralipid alters LPS clearance, prevents abortions in the CBAxDBA/2 model, and is effective in increasing live birth rates in couples undergoing IVF treatment.
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Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger Regulatory Factor-1 (NHERF1) Regulates Fetal Membrane Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207747. [PMID: 33092043 PMCID: PMC7589612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal inflammatory response, a key contributor of infection-associated preterm birth (PTB), is mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation. Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) is an adapter protein that can regulate intracellular signal transduction and thus influence NF-kB activation. Accordingly, NHERF1 has been reported to enhance proinflammatory cytokine release and amplify inflammation in a NF-kB-dependent fashion in different cell types. The objective of this study was to examine the role of NHERF1 in regulating fetal membrane inflammation during PTB. We evaluated the levels of NHERF1 in human fetal membranes from term labor (TL), term not in labor (TNIL), and PTB and in a CD1 mouse model of PTB induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, primary cultures of fetal membrane cells were treated with LPS, and NHERF1 expression and cytokine production were evaluated. Gene silencing methods using small interfering RNA targeting NHERF1 were used to determine the functional relevance of NHERF1 in primary cultures. NHERF1 expression was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in TL and PTB membranes compared to TNIL membranes, and this coincided with enhanced (p < 0.01) interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression levels. LPS-treated animals delivering PTB had increased levels of NHERF1, IL-6, and IL-8 compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control) animals. Silencing of NHERF1 expression resulted in a significant reduction in NF-kB activation and IL-6 and IL-8 production as well as increased IL-10 production. In conclusion, downregulation of NHERF1 increased anti-inflammatory IL-10, and reducing NHERF1 expression could be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk of infection/inflammation associated with PTB.
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Green ES, Arck PC. Pathogenesis of preterm birth: bidirectional inflammation in mother and fetus. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:413-429. [PMID: 32894326 PMCID: PMC7508962 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) complicates 5–18% of pregnancies globally and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most PTB is spontaneous and idiopathic, with largely undefined causes. To increase understanding of PTB, much research in recent years has focused on using animal models to recapitulate the pathophysiology of PTB. Dysfunctions of maternal immune adaptations have been implicated in a range of pregnancy pathologies, including PTB. A wealth of evidence arising from mouse models as well as human studies is now available to support that PTB results from a breakdown in fetal-maternal tolerance, along with excessive, premature inflammation. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of the bidirectional communication between fetal and maternal systems and its role in the immunopathogenesis of PTB. These recent insights significantly advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of PTB, which is essential to ultimately designing more effective strategies for early prediction and subsequent prevention of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Shana Green
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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Blois SM, Verlohren S, Wu G, Clark G, Dell A, Haslam SM, Barrientos G. Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB). Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:469-486. [PMID: 32601855 PMCID: PMC7508936 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, AG GlycoImmunology, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Han SH, Lee NR, Kim HJ, Kang YD, Kim JS, Park JW, Jin HJ. Association between the IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα gene polymorphisms and preterm-birth in Korean women. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:743-750. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Firmal P, Shah VK, Chattopadhyay S. Insight Into TLR4-Mediated Immunomodulation in Normal Pregnancy and Related Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:807. [PMID: 32508811 PMCID: PMC7248557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike organ transplants where an immunosuppressive environment is required, a successful pregnancy involves an extremely robust, dynamic, and responsive maternal immune system to maintain the development of the fetus. A specific set of hormones and cytokines are associated with a particular stage of pregnancy. Any disturbance that alters this fine balance could compromise the development and function of the placenta. Although there are numerous underlying causes of pregnancy-related complications, untimely activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR), primarily TLR4, by intrauterine microbes poses the greatest risk. TLR4 is an important Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR), which activates both innate and adaptive immune cells. TLR4 activation by LPS or DAMPs leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the MyD88 dependent or independent pathway. Immune cells modulate the materno–fetal interface by TLR4-mediated cytokine production, which changes at different stages of pregnancy. In most pregnancy disorders, such as PTB, PE, or placental malaria, the TLR4 expression is upregulated in immune cells or in maternal derived cells, leading to the aberrant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the materno–fetal interface. Lack of functional TLR4 in mice has reduced the pro-inflammatory responses, leading to an improved pregnancy, which further strengthens the fact that abnormal TLR4 activation creates a hostile environment for the developing fetus. A recent study proposed that endothelial and perivascular stromal cells should interact with each other in order to maintain a homeostatic balance during TLR4-mediated inflammation. It has been reported that depleting immune cells or supplying anti-inflammatory cytokines can prevent PTB, PE, or fetal death. Blocking TLR4 signaling or its downstream molecule by inhibitors or antagonists has proven to improve pregnancy-related complications to some extent in clinical and animal models. To date, there has been a lack of knowledge regarding whether TLR4 accessories such as CD14 and MD-2 are important in pregnancy and whether these accessory molecules could be promising drug targets for combinatorial treatment of various pregnancy disorders. This review mainly focuses on the activation of TLR4 during pregnancy, its immunomodulatory functions, and the upcoming advancement in this field regarding the improvement of pregnancy-related issues by various therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Firmal
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Vibhuti Kumar Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India.,Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Robertson SA, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Chin PY, Moldenhauer LM, Stark MJ, Olson DM, Keelan JA. Targeting Toll-like receptor-4 to tackle preterm birth and fetal inflammatory injury. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1121. [PMID: 32313651 PMCID: PMC7156293 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, 15 million pregnancies end prematurely, resulting in more than 1 million infant deaths and long-term health consequences for many children. The physiological processes of labour and birth involve essential roles for immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in gestational tissues. There is compelling evidence that the mechanisms underlying spontaneous preterm birth are initiated when a premature and excessive inflammatory response is triggered by infection or other causes. Exposure to pro-inflammatory mediators is emerging as a major factor in the 'fetal inflammatory response syndrome' that often accompanies preterm birth, where unscheduled effects in fetal tissues interfere with normal development and predispose to neonatal morbidity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical upstream gatekeepers of inflammatory activation. TLR4 is prominently involved through its ability to sense and integrate signals from a range of microbial and endogenous triggers to provoke and perpetuate inflammation. Preclinical studies have identified TLR4 as an attractive pharmacological target to promote uterine quiescence and protect the fetus from inflammatory injury. Novel small-molecule inhibitors of TLR4 signalling, specifically the non-opioid receptor antagonists (+)-naloxone and (+)-naltrexone, are proving highly effective in animal models for preventing preterm birth induced by bacterial mimetic LPS, heat-killed Escherichia coli, or the TLR4-dependent pro-inflammatory lipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF). Here, we summarise the rationale for targeting TLR4 as a master regulator of inflammation in fetal and gestational tissues, and the potential utility of TLR4 antagonists as candidates for preventative and therapeutic application in preterm delivery and fetal inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia.,ARC Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USA
| | - Peck-Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Michael J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - David M Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Physiology and Pediatrics 220 HMRC University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
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Novel Clinical Campylobacter jejuni Infection Models Based on Sensitization of Mice to Lipooligosaccharide, a Major Bacterial Factor Triggering Innate Immune Responses in Human Campylobacteriosis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040482. [PMID: 32231139 PMCID: PMC7232424 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Campylobacter jejuni infections inducing campylobacteriosis including post-infectious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis are rising worldwide and progress into a global burden of high socioeconomic impact. Intestinal immunopathology underlying campylobacteriosis is a classical response of the innate immune system characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages which cause tissue destruction, barrier defects and malabsorption leading to bloody diarrhea. Clinical studies revealed that enteritis and post-infectious morbidities of human C. jejuni infections are strongly dependent on the structure of pathogenic lipooligosaccharides (LOS) triggering the innate immune system via Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4 signaling. Compared to humans, mice display an approximately 10,000 times weaker TLR-4 response and a pronounced colonization resistance (CR) against C. jejuni maintained by the murine gut microbiota. In consequence, investigations of campylobacteriosis have been hampered by the lack of experimental animal models. We here summarize recent progress made in the development of murine C. jejuni infection models that are based on the abolishment of CR by modulating the murine gut microbiota and by sensitization of mice to LOS. These advances support the major role of LOS driven innate immunity in pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis including post-infectious autoimmune diseases and promote the preclinical evaluation of novel pharmaceutical strategies for prophylaxis and treatment.
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Busse M, Campe KNJ, Redlich A, Oettel A, Hartig R, Costa SD, Zenclussen AC. Regulatory B Cells Are Decreased and Impaired in Their Function in Peripheral Maternal Blood in Pre-term Birth. Front Immunol 2020; 11:386. [PMID: 32265904 PMCID: PMC7099879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. The causes of PTB are multiple and complex, the underlying pathophysiology being largely unknown. Interferences in the fine-tuned balance of the maternal immune system have been pointed to as one possible cause of PTB. Regulatory B cells (Breg) are part of the adaptive immune response, and recent data suggest that they may contribute to a healthy pregnancy by their regulatory/suppressive function. We investigated the frequency of Breg cells in peripheral blood of women undergoing PTB and control women immediately before giving birth via cesarean section. We detected an enhanced number of B cells, but a reduced number of Breg cells in women delivering preterm. In addition, the percentage of IL-10-producing B cells was decreased in PTB following stimulation with TLR agonists CpG or LPS, alone or combined with CD40L. This was associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum. Moreover, isolated maternal B cells before delivering premature babies secreted higher level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. No alterations in the frequency of regulatory T cells were found. Our data indicate that alterations in the number and function of Breg cells in peripheral maternal blood contribute to the immunological changes observed in preterm delivery and suggest these cells as important regulators of maternal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Busse
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kim-Norina Jutta Campe
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Redlich
- University Hospital for Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anika Oettel
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,University Hospital for Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Hartig
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Serban-Dan Costa
- University Hospital for Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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39
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Wahid HH, Chin PY, Sharkey DJ, Diener KR, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Antagonist (+)-Naltrexone Protects Against Carbamyl-Platelet Activating Factor (cPAF)-Induced Preterm Labor in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1030-1045. [PMID: 32084361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm labor is frequently caused by an inflammatory response in the gestational tissues elicited by either infectious or sterile agents. In sterile preterm labor, the key regulators of inflammation are not identified, but platelet-activating factor (PAF) is implicated as a potential rate-limiting effector agent. Since Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 can amplify PAF signaling, we evaluated whether TLR4 contributes to inflammation and fetal loss in a mouse model of PAF-induced sterile preterm labor, and whether a small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor, (+)-naltrexone, can mitigate adverse PAF-induced effects. The administration of carbamyl (c)-PAF caused preterm labor and fetal loss in wild-type mice but not in TLR4-deficient mice. Treatment with (+)-naltrexone prevented preterm delivery and alleviated fetal demise in utero elicited after cPAF administered by i.p. or intrauterine routes. Pups born after cPAF and (+)-naltrexone treatment exhibited comparable rates of postnatal survival and growth to carrier-treated controls. (+)-Naltrexone suppressed the cPAF-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b, Il6, and Il10 in the decidua; Il6, Il12b, and Il10 in the myometrium; and Il1b and Il6 in the placenta. These data demonstrate that the TLR4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone inhibits the inflammatory cascade induced by cPAF, preventing preterm birth and perinatal death. The inhibition of TLR4 signaling warrants further investigation as a candidate strategy for fetal protection and delay of preterm birth elicited by sterile stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Wahid
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Verstraeten BSE, McCreary JK, Weyers S, Metz GAS, Olson DM. Prenatal two-hit stress affects maternal and offspring pregnancy outcomes and uterine gene expression in rats: match or mismatch? Biol Reprod 2020; 100:195-207. [PMID: 30084951 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress and inflammation excesses can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring development. We evaluated whether distinct prenatal stressors affect pregnancy, maternal and offspring outcomes, and uterine gene expression differently when combined than either alone. Long-Evans dams were exposed to psychological or/and (two-hit) immune stress (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β]), on gestational days 12-18 and 17-delivery, respectively. Gestational length, maternal weight gain, glycaemia and corticosterone levels, offspring weight, and gender effects were recorded. Maternal and offspring uteri were collected at weaning and on postnatal day 160 correspondingly. Uterine expression of genes involved in local progesterone metabolism, neuroendocrine and immune systems were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Maternal two-hit stress increased gestational length variation and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes while reducing gestational weight gain. Pup weight was negatively affected by prenatal stressors in a gender-specific way. In dams, IL-1β upregulated gene expression of neuroendocrine (Crh, Crhr1) and cytokine genes (Il1b, Il1rn, Il6, and Il10). Conversely, transcriptional patterns in offspring uteri were more variable with gene-specific up- or downregulation by each stressor separately, while exposure to both extensively reduced the expression of neuroendocrine (Hsd11b1), cytokine (Il1a, Il1rn, Il6), and IL-1 receptor genes. In conclusion, maternal stress affects physiological and molecular processes in dams and their offspring; two hits have different effects than single stressors. Outcomes appear generation-, gender-, and stressor-specific. Dampening of offspring uterine gene expression after exposure to multiple stressors could fit within the match/mismatch hypothesis of perinatal programming, with offspring preparing for a stressful life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S E Verstraeten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Uro-Gynaecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Keiko McCreary
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Weyers
- Department of Uro-Gynaecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - David M Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Chin PY, Dorian C, Sharkey DJ, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Antagonist (+)-Naloxone Confers Sexually Dimorphic Protection From Inflammation-Induced Fetal Programming in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2646-2662. [PMID: 31504393 PMCID: PMC6936318 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation elicited by infection or noninfectious insults during gestation induces proinflammatory cytokines that can shift the trajectory of development to alter offspring phenotype, promote adiposity, and increase susceptibility to metabolic disease in later life. In this study, we use mice to investigate the utility of a small molecule Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 antagonist (+)-naloxone, the nonopioid isomer of the opioid receptor antagonist (-)-naloxone, for mitigating altered fetal metabolic programming induced by a modest systemic inflammatory challenge in late gestation. In adult progeny exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in utero, male but not female offspring exhibited elevated adipose tissue, reduced muscle mass, and elevated plasma leptin at 20 weeks of age. Effects were largely reversed by coadministration of (+)-naloxone following LPS. When given alone without LPS, (+)-naloxone elicited accelerated postweaning growth and elevated muscle and fat mass in adult male but not female offspring. LPS induced expression of inflammatory cytokines Il1a, Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Il10 in fetal brain, placental, and uterine tissues, and (+)-naloxone suppressed LPS-induced cytokine expression. Fetal sex-specific regulation of cytokine expression was evident, with higher Il1a, Il1b, Il6, and Il10 induced by LPS in tissues associated with male fetuses, and greater suppression by (+)-naloxone of Il6 in females. These data demonstrate that modulating TLR4 signaling with (+)-naloxone provides protection from inflammatory diversion of fetal developmental programming in utero, associated with attenuation of gestational tissue cytokine expression in a fetal sex-specific manner. The results suggest that pharmacologic interventions targeting TLR4 warrant evaluation for attenuating developmental programming effects of fetal exposure to maternal inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Camilla Dorian
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence: Sarah A. Robertson, PhD, Robinson Research Institute and the Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. E-mail:
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Abstract
Pregnancy, a challenging physiological state, requires shuffling of conventional immune work-sets. Strategies to tolerate the semi-allogenic fetus in normal human pregnancy are multivariate with perfect modulation of the immune cells. Pregnancy is marked by B cell lymphocytopenia accompanied by reduced responsiveness to infectious agents. Besides this old age concept, plenty of research confirms that B cells have other crucial roles in pregnancy and undergo a wide range of modifications in terms of its proliferation, switching between its subtypes, variation in antibody productions, shifting the tides of cytokines as well as regulating other immune cells. B cells establish tolerant environment in pregnancy by producing protective antibodies to encounter the foreign paternal antigens. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have adopted anti-inflammatory characteristics to sustain normal pregnancy. Moreover, the colossal physiological alterations during human pregnancy also include synchronized changes in the cross-talks between the pregnancy hormones and B cells. These aspects of pregnancy from the view point of B cell functions have so far appeared individually in discrete reports. This review finds its novelty in concisely presenting every facet of association of B cell with human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
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IL-10 producing B cells rescue mouse fetuses from inflammation-driven fetal death and are able to modulate T cell immune responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9335. [PMID: 31249364 PMCID: PMC6597542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms leading to fetal death following maternal subclinical infections is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies. Here we addressed the relevance of IL-10 secreting B cells (B10) in the maintenance of the immune balance during gestation. µMT females lacking mature B cells presented normal pregnancies, although their fetuses were smaller and their Treg pool did not expand as in B cell sufficient controls. Pregnant µMT females were more susceptible to LPS despite having less Treg; their fetuses died at doses compatible with pregnancy in WT animals. Adoptive transfer of IL-10 negative B effector cells or B cells from IL-10 deficient mice did not modify this outcome. The transfer of B10 cells or application of recombinant murine IL-10 reduced the fetal loss, associated with a normalization of Treg numbers and cytokine modulation at the feto-maternal interface. B cell-derived IL-10 suppressed the production of IL-17A and IL-6 by T cells and promoted the conversion of naïve cells into Treg. B10 cells are required to restore the immune balance at the feto-maternal interface when perturbed by inflammatory signals. Our data position B cells in a central role in the maintenance of the balance between immunity and tolerance during pregnancy.
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Wang S, Li M, Sun F, Chen C, Ye J, Li D, Qian J, Du M. Altered frequency and function of spleen CTLA-4+Tim-3+ T cells are associated with miscarriage†. Biol Reprod 2019; 104:410-417. [PMID: 31329823 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with several immune adaptations in both systemic and local maternal-fetal interface to allow the growth of semi-allogeneic conceptus. A failure in maternal immune tolerance to the fetus may result in abnormal pregnancies, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion. The regulation of T-cell homeostasis during pregnancy has important implications for maternal tolerance and immunity. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) are important negative immune regulatory molecules involved in viral persistence and tumor metastasis. Here we described the lower frequency of splenic T cells co-expressing CTLA-4 and Tim-3 accompanied by higher levels of proinflammatory but lower anti-inflammatory cytokines production in abortion-prone mouse model. Blockade of CTLA-4 and Tim-3 pathways leaded to the dysfunction of splenic T cells. By the higher expression during normal pregnancy, CTLA-4 and Tim-3 co-expression on splenic T cells linked to immunosuppressive phenotype. As the spleen is an important site for peripheral immune activation, our data suggest potential noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcun Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fengrun Sun
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chunqin Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - JiangFeng Ye
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Qian
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Moustafa S, Joseph DN, Taylor RN, Whirledge S. New models of lipopolysaccharide-induced implantation loss reveal insights into the inflammatory response. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13082. [PMID: 30604526 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Chronic endometritis, inflammation of the uterizzvvne lining caused by common gram-negative bacterial strains or mycoplasma, has been associated with unexplained implantation failure and infertility. However, limited models of bacteria-induced implantation loss exist to study the molecular changes that occur in vivo. The goal of this study was to provide a new resource to study the process of bacteria-induced inflammation and implantation loss utilizing common experimental models: C57Bl/6 mice and primary human endometrial stromal cells. METHOD OF STUDY Prior to implantation, mated C57Bl/6 females were administered vehicle (saline) or gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a range of concentrations by intraperitoneal injection. Implantation sites were counted, and uteri were harvested to evaluate the molecular changes that accompany LPS-mediated implantation loss. Primary human endometrial stromal cells were decidualized in vitro in the presence and absence of LPS. Total RNA and conditioned media were harvested to evaluate the expression of known decidualization-associated genes and various cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide treatment resulted in fewer implantation sites in mice, decreased expression of decidualization-associated genes, and altered expression and release of cytokines and chemokines. Immunohistological analysis of the uterus from LPS-exposed mice demonstrated increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation during decidualization. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide exposure disrupted implantation and decidualization in mice and human endometrial stromal cells. This model could be used to study the pathophysiology of implantation failure in patients with chronic endometritis or to test potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moustafa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dana N Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Utah Center for Reproductive Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kim ML, Maloney C, Klimova N, Gurzenda E, Lin X, Arita Y, Walker T, Fazzari MJ, Hanna N. Repeated lipopolysaccharide exposure leads to placental endotoxin tolerance. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13080. [PMID: 30586203 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Placental infection induces increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-term labor. Endotoxin tolerance is a phenomenon in which exposure to a dose of endotoxin makes tissue less responsive to subsequent exposures. The objective of our study was to determine whether repeated exposure to endotoxin will induce a tolerant phenotype in normal human second-trimester placental tissue. METHODS OF STUDY Human second-trimester placental explants from elective termination of pregnancy were cultured and exposed to endotoxin (LPS). After 24 hours, the media was collected for analysis, and the explants were re-exposed to LPS after adding fresh media for another 24 hours. This process was repeated for a total of 4 LPS doses. The media was collected from each day and analyzed for cytokine levels. RESULTS The first LPS treatment stimulated the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. However, their production was significantly diminished with repeated LPS doses. Production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1ra and IL-10, was also stimulated by the first LPS treatment, but secretion was more gradually and moderately decreased with repeated LPS doses compared to the pro-inflammatory cytokines. The ratios of the anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1ra/IL-1β and IL-10/TNF-α) indicate a progressively more anti-inflammatory milieu with repeated LPS doses. CONCLUSION Repeated LPS exposure of human second-trimester placental tissues induced endotoxin tolerance. We speculate that endotoxin tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface will protect the fetus from exaggerated inflammatory responses after repeated infectious exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Kim
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Caroline Maloney
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine and Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, New York
| | - Natalia Klimova
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York.,University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ellen Gurzenda
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Yuko Arita
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | | | - Melissa J Fazzari
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
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Arita Y, Jeong Park H, Cantillon A, Verma K, Menon R, Getahun D, Peltier MR. Pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of sulforaphane on placental cytokine production. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 131:44-49. [PMID: 30641297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Placental inflammation increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and possibly neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Previous research suggests it may be possible to modulate the placental immune response to bacteria to favor an anti-inflammatory phenotype with dietary factors. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a dietary supplement with known anti-inflammatory activities, however, its effects on placental cytokine production are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of SFN on biomarkers of inflammation and neurodevelopment under basal conditions and a setting of mild infection. Placental explant cultures were established and treated with up to 10 μM SFN in the presence and absence of 107 CFU/ml heat-killed E. coli. Concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, sgp130, HO-1 and BDNF in conditioned medium were quantified by immunoassay. SFN increased antioxidant HO-1 expression in the absence, but not the presence, of infection. SFN inhibited IL-1β and IL-10, but tended to promote, TNF-α production by bacteria-stimulated cultures. IL-6 and BDNF were inhibited by SFN irrespective of co-treatment with E.coli. A negative regulator of IL-6 signaling, sgp130, was increased by SFN under basal conditions, but not in E. coli-stimulated cultures. These results suggest that SFN has mixed effects on the placenta inhibiting both pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) but promoting regulators of oxidative stress and inflammation (HO-1 and sgp130) in an infection-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arita
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Hyeon Jeong Park
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Aisling Cantillon
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Kavita Verma
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTMB-Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permenante Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States.
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Bergdolt L, Dunaevsky A. Brain changes in a maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental brain disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 175:1-19. [PMID: 30590095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is sensitive to a variety of insults. Epidemiological studies have identified prenatal exposure to infection as a risk factor for a range of neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Animal models corroborate this association and have been used to probe the contribution of gene-environment interactions to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we review the behavior and brain phenotypes that have been characterized in MIA offspring, including the studies that have looked at the interaction between maternal immune activation and genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia. These phenotypes include behaviors relevant to autism, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders, alterations in brain anatomy, and structural and functional neuronal impairments. The link between maternal infection and these phenotypic changes is not fully understood, but there is increasing evidence that maternal immune activation induces prolonged immune alterations in the offspring's brain which could underlie epigenetic alterations which in turn may mediate the behavior and brain changes. These concepts will be discussed followed by a summary of the pharmacological interventions that have been tested in the maternal immune activation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bergdolt
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Neurological Sciences, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, 68105, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Neurological Sciences, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, 68105, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Wang B, Cruz Ithier M, Parobchak N, Yadava SM, Schulkin J, Rosen T. Vitamin D stimulates multiple microRNAs to inhibit CRH and other pro-labor genes in human placenta. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1380-1388. [PMID: 30395535 PMCID: PMC6280586 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Maternal vitamin D deficiency is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous preterm birth (SPB). Placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been proposed to be part of a clock that governs the length of gestation in humans, with elevated maternal serum levels predicting early delivery. In this study, we test the hypothesis that vitamin D could contribute to the prevention of preterm labor by inhibiting CRH and other pro-labor mediators. The biological activity of vitamin D occurs via two pathways: non-genomic and genomic responses, both of which involve binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active metabolite of vitamin D binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). By using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), we found that 1,25(OH)2D stimulates association of VDR with a number of miRNA genes including MIR181B2 and MIR26B, and their mature products miR-181b-5p and miR-26b-5p are predicted to target CRH and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA at 3'-untranslated region (UTR), respectively. We performed RT-qPCR analysis to validate that expression of mature miR-181b-5p and miR-26b-5p in term human syncytiotrophoblast increased in response to treatment with 1,25(OH)2D. miR-181b-5p- or miR-26b-5p-mediated inhibition of CRH or COX-2 was further assessed by the use of miRNA mimics/inhibitors and a luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, this study has identified novel mechanisms by which vitamin D downregulates pro-labor genes and could lower the risk of preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Wang or T Rosen: or
| | - Mayra Cruz Ithier
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nataliya Parobchak
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stacy M Yadava
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Todd Rosen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Wang or T Rosen: or
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50
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Mizoguchi M, Ishida Y, Nosaka M, Kimura A, Kuninaka Y, Yahata T, Nanjo S, Toujima S, Minami S, Ino K, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm labor by the lack of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207085. [PMID: 30399192 PMCID: PMC6219809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm labor (PTL) is the most common cause of neonatal death and long-term adverse outcome. The pharmacological agents for PTL prevention are palliative and frequently fail to prevent PTL and improve neonatal outcome. It is essential to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of PTL in order to develop novel therapeutic methods against PTL. Several lines of evidence indicate some chemokines are expressed in gestational tissues during labor or PTL. To reveal the pathophysiological roles of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in PTL, we performed present study using LPS-induced PTL mice model in CX3CR1-deficient (Cx3cr1-/-) mice. We indicated that PTL was suppressed in Cx3cr1-/- mice and immunoneutralization of CX3CL1 in WT mice. From immunohistochemical and the gene expression analyses, the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has detrimental roles in PTL through intrauterine recruitment of macrophages and the enhancement of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators. Thus, the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis may be a good molecular target for preventing PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Mizoguchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tamaki Yahata
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sakiko Nanjo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Saori Toujima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sawako Minami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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