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Wu Y, Sun A, Yang Q, Wang M, Tian B, Yang Q, Jia R, Chen S, Ou X, Huang J, Sun D, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhang S, Zhao XX, He Y, Wu Z, Cheng A. An alpha-herpesvirus employs host HEXIM1 to promote viral transcription. J Virol 2024; 98:e0139223. [PMID: 38363111 PMCID: PMC10949456 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01392-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that herpesviruses utilize host RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to transcribe viral genes, the mechanism of utilization varies significantly among herpesviruses. With the exception of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in alpha-herpesviruses, the mechanism by which RNAPII transcribes viral genes in the remaining alpha-herpesviruses has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional mechanism of an avian alpha-herpesvirus, Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AnHV-1). We discovered for the first time that hexamethylene-bis-acetamide-inducing protein 1 (HEXIM1), a major inhibitor of positive elongation factor B (P-TEFb), was significantly upregulated during AnHV-1 infection, and its expression was dynamically regulated throughout the progression of the disease. However, the expression level of HEXIM1 remained stable before and after HSV-1 infection. Excessive HEXIM1 assists AnHV-1 in progeny virus production, gene expression, and RNA polymerase II recruitment by promoting the formation of more inactive P-TEFb and the loss of RNAPII S2 phosphorylation. Conversely, the expression of some host survival-related genes, such as SOX8, CDK1, MYC, and ID2, was suppressed by HEXIM1 overexpression. Further investigation revealed that the C-terminus of the AnHV-1 US1 gene is responsible for the upregulation of HEXIM1 by activating its promoter but not by interacting with P-TEFb, which is the mechanism adopted by its homologs, HSV-1 ICP22. Additionally, the virus proliferation deficiency caused by US1 deletion during the early infection stage could be partially rescued by HEXIM1 overexpression, suggesting that HEXIM1 is responsible for AnHV-1 gaining transcription advantages when competing with cells. Taken together, this study revealed a novel HEXIM1-dependent AnHV-1 transcription mechanism, which has not been previously reported in herpesvirus or even DNA virus studies.IMPORTANCEHexamethylene-bis-acetamide-inducing protein 1 (HEXIM1) has been identified as an inhibitor of positive transcriptional elongation factor b associated with cancer, AIDS, myocardial hypertrophy, and inflammation. Surprisingly, no previous reports have explored the role of HEXIM1 in herpesvirus transcription. This study reveals a mechanism distinct from the currently known herpesvirus utilization of RNA polymerase II, highlighting the dependence on high HEXIM1 expression, which may be a previously unrecognized facet of the host shutoff manifested by many DNA viruses. Moreover, this discovery expands the significance of HEXIM1 in pathogen infection. It raises intriguing questions about whether other herpesviruses employ similar mechanisms to manipulate HEXIM1 and if this molecular target can be exploited to limit productive replication. Thus, this discovery not only contributes to our understanding of herpesvirus infection regulation but also holds implications for broader research on other herpesviruses, even DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Anyang Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Di Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yu He
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
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Park S, Oh S, Kim N, Kim EK. HMBA ameliorates obesity by MYH9- and ACTG1-dependent regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e18024. [PMID: 37984341 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202318024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity remains a daunting problem. Here, we report hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) as a potent anti-obesity compound. Peripheral and central administration of HMBA to diet-induced obese mice regulated the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides critical for energy balance, leading to beneficial metabolic effects such as anorexia and weight loss. We found that HMBA bound to MYH9 and ACTG1, which were required for the anti-obesity effects of HMBA in both NPY-expressing and POMC-expressing neurons. The binding of HMBA to MYH9 and ACTG1 elevated the expression of HEXIM1 and enhanced its interaction with MDM2, resulting in the dissociation of the HEXIM1-p53 complex in hypothalamic cells. Subsequently, the free HEXIM1 and p53 translocated to the nucleus, where they downregulated the transcription of orexigenic NPY, but p53 and acetylated histone 3 upregulated that of anorexigenic POMC. Our study points to a previously unappreciated efficacy of HMBA and reveals its mechanism of action in metabolic regulation, which may propose HMBA as a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjae Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sungjoon Oh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
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3
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Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Zhong X, Yang J, Yang G. Characteristics and mechanisms of latency-reversing agents in the activation of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 reservoir. Arch Virol 2023; 168:301. [PMID: 38019293 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The "Shock and Kill" method is being considered as a potential treatment for eradicating HIV-1 and achieving a functional cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This approach involves using latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transcription in latent cells, followed by treatment with antiviral drugs to kill these cells. Although LRAs have shown promise in HIV-1 patient research, their widespread clinical use is hindered by side effects and limitations. In this review, we categorize and explain the mechanisms of these agonists in activating HIV-1 in vivo and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In the future, combining different HIV-1 LRAs may overcome their respective shortcomings and facilitate a functional cure for HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujiao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yashuang Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Geng Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
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4
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Karapetyan L, Gooding W, Li A, Yang X, Knight A, Abushukair HM, Vargas De Stefano D, Sander C, Karunamurthy A, Panelli M, Storkus WJ, Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM. Sentinel Lymph Node Gene Expression Signature Predicts Recurrence-Free Survival in Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204973. [PMID: 36291758 PMCID: PMC9599365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to develop a sentinel lymph node gene expression signature score predictive of disease recurrence in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Gene expression profiling was performed on SLN biopsies using U133A 2.0 Affymetrix gene chips. The top 25 genes associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) were selected and a penalized regression function was used to select 12 genes with a non-zero coefficient. A proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between clinical covariates, gene signature score, and RFS. Among the 45 patients evaluated, 23 (51%) had a positive SLN. Twenty-one (46.7%) patients developed disease recurrence. For the top 25 differentially expressed genes (DEG), 12 non-zero penalized coefficients were estimated (CLGN, C1QTNF3, ADORA3, ARHGAP8, DCTN1, ASPSCR1, CHRFAM7A, ZNF223, PDE6G, CXCL3, HEXIM1, HLA-DRB). This 12-gene signature score was significantly associated with RFS (p < 0.0001) and produced a bootstrap C index of 0.888. In univariate analysis, Breslow thickness, presence of primary tumor ulceration, SLN positivity were each significantly associated with RFS. After simultaneously adjusting for these prognostic factors in relation to the gene signature, the 12-gene score remained a significant independent predictor for RFS (p < 0.0001). This SLN 12-gene signature risk score is associated with melanoma recurrence regardless of SLN status and may be used as a prognostic factor for RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Karapetyan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - William Gooding
- Hillman Cancer Center, Biostatistics Facility, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aofei Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Knight
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hassan M. Abushukair
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Danielle Vargas De Stefano
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Arivarasan Karunamurthy
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Divisions of Dermatopathology and Molecular Genetic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Walter J. Storkus
- Departments of Dermatology, Immunology, Pathology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ahmad A. Tarhini
- Departments of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: (A.A.T.); (J.M.K.)
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence: (A.A.T.); (J.M.K.)
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Payen VL, Lavergne A, Alevra Sarika N, Colonval M, Karim L, Deckers M, Najimi M, Coppieters W, Charloteaux B, Sokal EM, El Taghdouini A. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human liver reveals hepatic stellate cell heterogeneity. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100278. [PMID: 34027339 PMCID: PMC8121977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The multiple vital functions of the human liver are performed by highly specialised parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells organised in complex collaborative sinusoidal units. Although crucial for homeostasis, the cellular make-up of the human liver remains to be fully elucidated. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing was used to unravel the heterogeneity of human liver cells, in particular of hepatocytes (HEPs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Method The transcriptome of ~25,000 freshly isolated human liver cells was profiled using droplet-based RNA-sequencing. Recently published data sets and RNA in situ hybridisation were integrated to validate and locate newly identified cell populations. Results In total, 22 cell populations were annotated that reflected the heterogeneity of human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells. More than 20,000 HEPs were ordered along the portocentral axis to confirm known, and reveal previously undescribed, zonated liver functions. The existence of 2 subpopulations of human HSCs with unique gene expression signatures and distinct intralobular localisation was revealed (i.e. portal and central vein-concentrated GPC3+ HSCs and perisinusoidally located DBH+ HSCs). In particular, these data suggest that, although both subpopulations collaborate in the production and organisation of extracellular matrix, GPC3+ HSCs specifically express genes involved in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans, whereas DBH+ HSCs display a gene signature that is reminiscent of antigen-presenting cells. Conclusions This study highlights metabolic zonation as a key determinant of HEP transcriptomic heterogeneity and, for the first time, outlines the existence of heterogeneous HSC subpopulations in the human liver. These findings call for further research on the functional implications of liver cell heterogeneity in health and disease. Lay summary This study resolves the cellular landscape of the human liver in an unbiased manner and at high resolution to provide new insights into human liver cell biology. The results highlight the physiological heterogeneity of human hepatic stellate cells. A cell atlas from the near-native transcriptome of >25,000 human liver cells is presented. Hepatocytes were ordered along the portocentral axis to reveal previously undescribed gene expression patterns and zonated liver functions. Two subpopulations of human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are reported, characterised by different spatial distribution in the native tissue. Characteristic gene signatures of HSC subpopulations are suggestive of far-reaching functional differences.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CC, cholangiocyte
- CV, central vein
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- EC, endothelial cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FFPE, formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GO, gene ontology
- HEP, hepatocyte
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- ISH, in situ hybridisation
- KLR, killer lectin-like receptor
- LP, lymphoid cell
- Liver cell atlas
- MP, macrophage
- MZ, midzonal
- PC, pericentral
- PP, periportal
- PV, portal vein
- TBS, Tris buffered saline
- TSA, tyramide signal amplification
- UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection
- UMI, unique molecular identifier
- VIM, vimentin
- Zonation
- scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA-sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L. Payen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), LDRI Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Niki Alevra Sarika
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), LDRI Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Megan Colonval
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Latifa Karim
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Manon Deckers
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter Coppieters
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding authors. Address: Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52 Box B1.52.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding authors. Address: Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52 Box B1.52.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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de Barrios O, Meler A, Parra M. MYC's Fine Line Between B Cell Development and Malignancy. Cells 2020; 9:E523. [PMID: 32102485 PMCID: PMC7072781 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is transiently expressed during B lymphocyte development, and its correct modulation is essential in defined developmental transitions. Although temporary downregulation of MYC is essential at specific points, basal levels of expression are maintained, and its protein levels are not completely silenced until the B cell becomes fully differentiated into a plasma cell or a memory B cell. MYC has been described as a proto-oncogene that is closely involved in many cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. Aberrant expression of MYC protein in these hematological malignancies results in an uncontrolled rate of proliferation and, thereby, a blockade of the differentiation process. MYC is not activated by mutations in the coding sequence, and, as reviewed here, its overexpression in leukemia and lymphoma is mainly caused by gene amplification, chromosomal translocations, and aberrant regulation of its transcription. This review provides a thorough overview of the role of MYC in the developmental steps of B cells, and of how it performs its essential function in an oncogenic context, highlighting the importance of appropriate MYC regulation circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maribel Parra
- Lymphocyte Development and Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, 08916 Barcelona, Spain (A.M.)
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P-TEFb as A Promising Therapeutic Target. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040838. [PMID: 32075058 PMCID: PMC7070488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) was first identified as a general factor that stimulates transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), but soon afterwards it turned out to be an essential cellular co-factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription mediated by viral Tat proteins. Studies on the mechanisms of Tat-dependent HIV transcription have led to radical advances in our knowledge regarding the mechanism of eukaryotic transcription, including the discoveries that P-TEFb-mediated elongation control of cellular transcription is a main regulatory step of gene expression in eukaryotes, and deregulation of P-TEFb activity plays critical roles in many human diseases and conditions in addition to HIV/AIDS. P-TEFb is now recognized as an attractive and promising therapeutic target for inflammation/autoimmune diseases, cardiac hypertrophy, cancer, infectious diseases, etc. In this review article, I will summarize our knowledge about basic P-TEFb functions, the regulatory mechanism of P-TEFb-dependent transcription, P-TEFb’s involvement in biological processes and diseases, and current approaches to manipulating P-TEFb functions for the treatment of these diseases.
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9
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Hishiki K, Akiyama M, Kanegae Y, Ozaki K, Ohta M, Tsuchitani E, Kaito K, Yamada H. NF-κB signaling activation via increases in BRD2 and BRD4 confers resistance to the bromodomain inhibitor I-BET151 in U937 cells. Leuk Res 2018; 74:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Han L, Zhao Q, Liang X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Ma Z, Zhao M, Wang A, Liu S. Ubenimex enhances Brd4 inhibition by suppressing HEXIM1 autophagic degradation and suppressing the Akt pathway in glioma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45643-45655. [PMID: 28484091 PMCID: PMC5542215 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Brd4 by JQ1 treatment showed potential in the treatment of glioma, however, some cases showed low sensitivity of JQ1. In addition, the pre-clinical analysis showed its limitation by demonstrating that transient treatment with JQ1 leads to aggressive tumor development. Thus, an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying JQ1 is urgently required to design strategies to improve its efficiency, as well as overcome its limitation. HEXIM1 has been confirmed to have an important role in regulating JQ1 sensitivity. In our study, ubenimex, a classical anti-cancer drug showed potential in regulating the JQ1 sensitivity of glioma cells using the WST-1 proliferation assay. Further studies demonstrated that ubenimex inhibited autophagy and downregulated the autophagic degradation of HEXIM1. The role of HEXIM1 in regulating JQ1 sensitivity was verified by the HEXIM1 knockdown. Since ubenimex was verified as an Akt inhibitor, we further studied the role of Akt inhibition in regulating JQ1 sensitivity and migration of glioma cells. Data showed that ubenimex improved the efficiency of JQ1 treatment and suppressed migration both in the in vitro and in vivo xenografts models. The Akt agonist attenuated these effects, pointing to the role of Akt inhibition in JQ1 sensitivity and suppressed migration. Our findings suggest the potential of ubenimex adjuvant treatment to enhance JQ1 efficiency and attenuate parts of its side effect (enhancing tumor aggressive) by regulating the autophagic degradation of HEXIM1 and Akt inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Han
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Police Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Police Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Police Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Police Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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11
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Abstract
Hexim1 acts as a tumor suppressor and is involved in the regulation of innate immunity. It was initially described as a non-coding RNA-dependent regulator of transcription. Here, we detail how 7SK RNA binds to Hexim1 and turns it into an inhibitor of the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb). In addition to its action on P-TEFb, it plays a role in a variety of different mechanisms: it controls the stability of transcription factor components and assists binding of transcription factors to their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke A Michels
- a IBENS , Ecole Normale Supérieure UMR CNRS 8107, UA INSERM 1024 , 46 rue d'Ulm Paris Cedex France
| | - Olivier Bensaude
- a IBENS , Ecole Normale Supérieure UMR CNRS 8107, UA INSERM 1024 , 46 rue d'Ulm Paris Cedex France
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12
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Mascareno E, Gupta R, Martello LA, Dhar-Mascareno M, Salciccioli L, Beckles D, Walsh MG, Machado FS, Tanowitz HB, Haseeb M. Rapidly progressive course of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice heterozygous for hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1 (Hexim1) gene. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Deregulation of KSHV latency conformation by ER-stress and caspase-dependent RAD21-cleavage. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006596. [PMID: 28854249 PMCID: PMC5595345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus recognized as the principal causative agent of KS and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). KSHV establishes persistent latent infection in B lymphocytes where viral gene expression is restricted, in part, by a cohesin-dependent chromosome conformation. Here, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a rapid, caspase-dependent cleavage of cohesin subunit RAD21. ER stress-induced cleavage of RAD21 correlated with a rapid and strong viral lytic transcriptional activation. This effect was observed in several KSHV positive PEL cells, but not in other B-cells or non-B-cell models of KSHV latency. The cleaved-RAD21 does not dissociate from viral genomes, nor disassemble from other components of the cohesin complex. However, RAD21 cleavage correlated with the disruption of the latency genome conformation as revealed by chromosome conformation capture (3C). Ectopic expression of C-terminal RAD21 cleaved form could partially induce KSHV lytic genes transcription in BCBLI cells, suggesting that ER-stress induced RAD21 cleavage was sufficient to induce KSHV reactivation from latency in PEL cells. Taken together our results reveal a novel aspect for control and maintenance of KSHV genome latency conformation mediated by stress-induced RAD21 cleavage. Our studies also suggest that RAD21 cleavage may be a general regulatory mechanism for rapid alteration of cellular chromosome conformation and cohesin-dependent transcription regulation. Latent infection with Kasposi’s Sarcoma (KS)-Associated Herpesivirus (KSHV) is linked to malignant transformation of the host cell. KSHV associated pleural effusion lymphomas (PEL) are highly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to underlying defects in ER stress response pathways. We show here that ER stress inducers lead to a rapid activation of KSHV lytic transcripts, and that an underlying mechanism is found in the caspase and calpain-dependent proteolytic cleavage of RAD21. RAD21 is a subunit of the cohesin complex that maintains a chromosome conformation that restricts KSHV lytic cycle transcription. ER stress-induced cleavage of RAD21 alters the KSHV chromosome conformation associated with latency, and a locus-specific increase in RNA polymerase II association and activation. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of KSHV latency and its response to ER stress, and may further the development of selective treatments for KSHV associated PEL and related malignancies.
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Enomoto K, Zhu X, Park S, Zhao L, Zhu YJ, Willingham MC, Qi J, Copland JA, Meltzer P, Cheng SY. Targeting MYC as a Therapeutic Intervention for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2268-2280. [PMID: 28368473 PMCID: PMC5505205 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies showed that transcription of the MYC gene is driven by the interaction of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins with acetylated histones on chromatin. JQ1, a potent inhibitor that effectively disrupts the interaction of BET proteins with acetylated histones, preferentially suppresses transcription of the MYC gene. We recently reported that JQ1 decreased thyroid tumor growth and improved survival in a mouse model of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) by targeting MYC transcription. The role of MYC in human ATC and whether JQ1 can effectively target MYC as a treatment modality have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of JQ1, we evaluated its efficacy in human ATC cell lines and xenograft models. DESIGN We determined the effects of JQ1 on proliferation and invasion in cell lines and xenograft tumors. We identified key regulators critical for JQ1-affected proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. RESULTS JQ1 markedly inhibited proliferation of four ATC cell lines by suppression of MYC and elevation of p21and p27 to decrease phosphorylated Rb and delay cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. JQ1 blocked cell invasion by attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition signals. These cell-based studies were further confirmed in xenograft studies in which the size and rate of tumor growth were inhibited by JQ1 via inhibition of p21-cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase-Rb-E2F signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest targeting of the MYC protein could be a potential treatment modality for human ATC for which effective treatment options are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Enomoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yuelin J. Zhu
- Laboratory of Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Mark C. Willingham
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jun Qi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Laboratory of Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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15
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Dhar-Mascareno M, Rozenberg I, Iqbal J, Hussain MM, Beckles D, Mascareno E. Hexim1 heterozygosity stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque and decreased steatosis in ApoE null mice fed atherogenic diet. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 83:56-64. [PMID: 28013147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexim-1 is an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. Decreased Hexim-1 expression in animal models of chronic diseases such as left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity and cancer triggered significant changes in adaptation and remodeling. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Hexim1 in lipid metabolism focused in the progression of atherosclerosis and steatosis. We used the C57BL6 apolipoprotein E (ApoE null) crossed bred to C57BL6Hexim1 heterozygous mice to obtain ApoE null - Hexim1 heterozygous mice (ApoE-HT). Both ApoE null backgrounds were fed high fat diet for twelve weeks. Then, we evaluated lipid metabolism, atherosclerotic plaque formation and liver steatosis. In order to understand changes in the transcriptome of both backgrounds during the progression of steatosis, we performed Affymetrix mouse 430 2.0 microarray. After 12 weeks of HFD, ApoE null and ApoE-HT showed similar increase of cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma. Plaque composition was altered in ApoE-HT. Additionally, liver triglycerides and steatosis were decreased in ApoE-HT mice. Affymetrix analysis revealed that decreased steatosis might be due to impaired inducible SOCS3 expression in ApoE-HT mice. In conclusion, decreased Hexim-1 expression does not alter cholesterol metabolism in ApoE null background after HFD. However, it promotes stable atherosclerotic plaque and decreased steatosis by promoting the anti-inflammatory TGFβ pathway and blocking the expression of the inducible and pro-inflammatory expression of SOCS3 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Dhar-Mascareno
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568, USA
| | - Inna Rozenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Daniel Beckles
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA; Departments of Surgery, Medicine and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Eduardo Mascareno
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA.
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16
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Nguyen D, Fayol O, Buisine N, Lecorre P, Uguen P. Functional Interaction between HEXIM and Hedgehog Signaling during Drosophila Wing Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155438. [PMID: 27176767 PMCID: PMC4866710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the dynamic of gene regulatory networks is essential in order to understand the specific signals and factors that govern cell proliferation and differentiation during development. This also has direct implication in human health and cancer biology. The general transcriptional elongation regulator P-TEFb regulates the transcriptional status of many developmental genes. Its biological activity is controlled by an inhibitory complex composed of HEXIM and the 7SK snRNA. Here, we examine the function of HEXIM during Drosophila development. Our key finding is that HEXIM affects the Hedgehog signaling pathway. HEXIM knockdown flies display strong phenotypes and organ failures. In the wing imaginal disc, HEXIM knockdown initially induces ectopic expression of Hedgehog (Hh) and its transcriptional effector Cubitus interuptus (Ci). In turn, deregulated Hedgehog signaling provokes apoptosis, which is continuously compensated by apoptosis-induced cell proliferation. Thus, the HEXIM knockdown mutant phenotype does not result from the apoptotic ablation of imaginal disc; but rather from the failure of dividing cells to commit to a proper developmental program due to Hedgehog signaling defects. Furthermore, we show that ci is a genetic suppressor of hexim. Thus, HEXIM ensures the integrity of Hedgehog signaling in wing imaginal disc, by a yet unknown mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the physiological function of HEXIM has been addressed in such details in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Nguyen
- UMR-S1174, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 440, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Fayol
- UMR-S1174, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 440, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Pierrette Lecorre
- UMR-S1174, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 440, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patricia Uguen
- UMR-S1174, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 440, 91405 Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Sattler C, Steer B, Adler H. Multiple Lytic Origins of Replication Are Required for Optimal Gammaherpesvirus Fitness In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005510. [PMID: 27007137 PMCID: PMC4805163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An unresolved question in herpesvirus biology is why some herpesviruses contain more than one lytic origin of replication (oriLyt). Using murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) as model virus containing two oriLyts, we demonstrate that loss of either of the two oriLyts was well tolerated in some situations but not in others both in vitro and in vivo. This was related to the cell type, the organ or the route of inoculation. Depending on the cell type, different cellular proteins, for example Hexim1 and Rbbp4, were found to be associated with oriLyt DNA. Overexpression or downregulation of these proteins differentially affected the growth of mutants lacking either the left or the right oriLyt. Thus, multiple oriLyts are required to ensure optimal fitness in different cell types and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sattler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrix Steer
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Adler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
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18
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Dhar-Mascareno M, Ramirez SN, Rozenberg I, Rouille Y, Kral JG, Mascareno EJ. Hexim1, a Novel Regulator of Leptin Function, Modulates Obesity and Glucose Disposal. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:314-24. [PMID: 26859361 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin triggers signaling events with significant transcriptional responses that are essential to metabolic processes affecting obesity and glucose disposal. We asked whether hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible-1 (Hexim1), an inhibitor of RNA II polymerase-dependent transcription elongation, regulates leptin-Janus kinase 2 signaling axis in the hypothalamus. We subjected C57BL6 Hexim1 heterozygous (HT) mice to high-fat diet and when compared with wild type, HT mice were resistant to high-fat diet-induced weight gain and remain insulin sensitive. HT mice exhibited increased leptin-pY(705)Stat3 signaling in the hypothalamus, with normal adipocyte size, increased type I oxidative muscle fiber density, and enhanced glucose transporter 4 expression. We also observed that normal Hexim1 protein level is required to facilitate the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) required for adipogenesis and inducible suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS) expression. Further support on the role of Hexim1 regulating C/EBPs during adipocyte differentiation was shown when HT 3T3L1 fibroblasts failed to undergo adipogenesis. Hexim1 selectively modulates leptin-mediated signal transduction pathways in the hypothalamus, the expression of C/EBPs and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR γ) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during the adaptation to metabolic stress. We postulate that Hexim1 might be a novel factor involved in maintaining whole-body energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Dhar-Mascareno
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Susan N Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Inna Rozenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouille
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - John G Kral
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Eduardo J Mascareno
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
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19
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Neo SH, Lew QJ, Koh SM, Zheng L, Bi X, Chao SH. Use of a novel cytotoxic HEXIM1 peptide in the directed breast cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5483-94. [PMID: 26734838 PMCID: PMC4868700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is best known as the inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and is recently identified as a novel positive regulator of p53. We previously showed the basic region (BR) of HEXIM1 mediates the binding of HEXIM1 to a nucleolar protein, nucleophosmin (NPM), and can be ubiquitinated by human double minute 2 protein. Here we identify a cytotoxic peptide derived from the BR of HEXIM1. When fused with a cell-penetrating peptide, the HEXIM1 BR peptide triggers rapid cytotoxic effect independent of p53. Similarly, when the BR peptide is linked with a breast cancer cell targeting peptide, LTV, the LTV-BR fusion peptide exhibits specific killing of breast cancer cells, which is not observed with the commonly used cytotoxic peptide, KLA. Importantly, the BR peptide fails to enter cells by itself and does not induce any cytotoxic effects when it is not guided by any cell-penetrating or cancer targeting peptides. We showed that HEXIM1 BR peptide depolarizes mitochondrial membrane potential in a p53-dependent manner and its cell-killing activity is not suppressed by caspase inhibition. Furthermore, we observed an accumulation of the internalized BR peptide in the nucleoli of treated cells and an altered localization of NPM. These results illustrate a novel mechanism which the BR peptide induces cell death and can potentially be used as a novel therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hui Neo
- Expression Engineering and Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668
| | - Qiao Jing Lew
- Expression Engineering and Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668
| | | | - Lu Zheng
- Proteomics Groups, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Proteomics Groups, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Expression Engineering and Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
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20
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Patent Highlight. Pharm Pat Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.15.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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21
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Coudé MM, Braun T, Berrou J, Dupont M, Bertrand S, Masse A, Raffoux E, Itzykson R, Delord M, Riveiro ME, Herait P, Baruchel A, Dombret H, Gardin C. BET inhibitor OTX015 targets BRD2 and BRD4 and decreases c-MYC in acute leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:17698-712. [PMID: 25989842 PMCID: PMC4627339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal (BET) proteins including BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 have been identified as key targets for leukemia maintenance. A novel oral inhibitor of BRD2/3/4, the thienotriazolodiazepine compound OTX015, suitable for human use, is available. Here we report its biological effects in AML and ALL cell lines and leukemic samples. Exposure to OTX015 lead to cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at submicromolar concentrations in acute leukemia cell lines and patient-derived leukemic cells, as described with the canonical JQ1 BET inhibitor. Treatment with JQ1 and OTX15 induces similar gene expression profiles in sensitive cell lines, including a c-MYC decrease and an HEXIM1 increase. OTX015 exposure also induced a strong decrease of BRD2, BRD4 and c-MYC and increase of HEXIM1 proteins, while BRD3 expression was unchanged. c-MYC, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and HEXIM1 mRNA levels did not correlate however with viability following exposure to OTX015. Sequential combinations of OTX015 with other epigenetic modifying drugs, panobinostat and azacitidine have a synergic effect on growth of the KASUMI cell line. Our results indicate that OTX015 and JQ1 have similar biological effects in leukemic cells, supporting OTX015 evaluation in a Phase Ib trial in relapsed/refractory leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Magdelaine Coudé
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Sibyl Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Aline Masse
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Itzykson
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Bioinformatics, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | | | | | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Robert Debré (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France
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Yoshikawa N, Shimizu N, Ojima H, Kobayashi H, Hosono O, Tanaka H. Down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor by HEXIM1 attenuates myocardial angiogenesis in hypoxic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:600-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wagner MA, Siddiqui MAQ. The JAK-STAT pathway in hypertrophic stress signaling and genomic stress response. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:131-41. [PMID: 24058762 PMCID: PMC3670293 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.20702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a central role in transducing stress and growth signals in the hypertrophic heart. Unlike most signal transducers, JAKs and STATs signal in a number of different ways, both within the JAK-STAT pathway and in collaboration with other signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss how IL-6 activates cells lacking IL-6 receptors through trans-signaling and examine JAK-STAT pathway interaction with GPCR-linked pathways both within and between cells. Finally, we discuss recent studies showing how the JAK-STAT pathway can intersect with a general transcriptional regulatory mechanism to effect transcription of STAT-dependent stress response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Wagner
- Department of Cell Biology; Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research; State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn, NY USA
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Brd4 and HEXIM1: multiple roles in P-TEFb regulation and cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:232870. [PMID: 24592384 PMCID: PMC3925632 DOI: 10.1155/2014/232870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) and hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) are two opposing regulators of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is the master modulator of RNA polymerase II during transcriptional elongation. While Brd4 recruits P-TEFb to promoter-proximal chromatins to activate transcription, HEXIM1 sequesters P-TEFb into an inactive complex containing the 7SK small nuclear RNA. Besides regulating P-TEFb's transcriptional activity, recent evidence demonstrates that both Brd4 and HEXIM1 also play novel roles in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. Here we will discuss the current knowledge on Brd4 and HEXIM1 and their implication as novel therapeutic options against cancer.
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Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein BRD2-4 inhibitors hold therapeutic promise in preclinical models of hematologic malignancies. However, translation of these data to molecules suitable for clinical development has yet to be accomplished. Herein we expand the mechanistic understanding of BET inhibitors in multiple myeloma by using the chemical probe molecule I-BET151. I-BET151 induces apoptosis and exerts strong antiproliferative effect in vitro and in vivo. This is associated with contrasting effects on oncogenic MYC and HEXIM1, an inhibitor of the transcriptional activator P-TEFb. I-BET151 causes transcriptional repression of MYC and MYC-dependent programs by abrogating recruitment to the chromatin of the P-TEFb component CDK9 in a BRD2-4-dependent manner. In contrast, transcriptional upregulation of HEXIM1 is BRD2-4 independent. Finally, preclinical studies show that I-BET762 has a favorable pharmacologic profile as an oral agent and that it inhibits myeloma cell proliferation, resulting in survival advantage in a systemic myeloma xenograft model. These data provide a strong rationale for extending the clinical testing of the novel antimyeloma agent I-BET762 and reveal insights into biologic pathways required for myeloma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Guo
- Biochemistry Department, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Ding V, Lew QJ, Chu KL, Natarajan S, Rajasegaran V, Gurumurthy M, Choo ABH, Chao SH. HEXIM1 induces differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72823. [PMID: 23977357 PMCID: PMC3748041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylene bisacetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is best known as the inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is composed of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9)/cyclin T1. P-TEFb is an essential regulator for the transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. A genome-wide study using human embryonic stem cells shows that most mRNA synthesis is regulated at the stage of transcription elongation, suggesting a possible role for P-TEFb/HEXIM1 in the gene regulation of stem cells. In this report, we detected a marked increase in HEXIM1 protein levels in the differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) induced by LY294002 treatment. Since no changes in CDK9 and cyclin T1 were observed in the LY294002-treated cells, increased levels of HEXIM1 might lead to inhibition of P-TEFb activity. However, treatment with a potent P-TEFb inhibiting compound, flavopiridol, failed to induce hPSC differentiation, ruling out the possible requirement for P-TEFb kinase activity in hPSC differentiation. Conversely, differentiation was observed when hPSCs were incubated with hexamethylene bisacetamide, a HEXIM1 inducing reagent. The involvement of HEXIM1 in the regulation of hPSCs was further supported when overexpression of HEXIM1 concomitantly induced hPSC differentiation. Collectively, our study demonstrates a novel role of HEXIM1 in regulating hPSC fate through a P-TEFb-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ding
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao Jing Lew
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Ling Chu
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subaashini Natarajan
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikneswari Rajasegaran
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meera Gurumurthy
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre B. H. Choo
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Potikha T, Stoyanov E, Pappo O, Frolov A, Mizrahi L, Olam D, Shnitzer-Perlman T, Weiss I, Barashi N, Peled A, Sass G, Tiegs G, Poirier F, Rabinovich GA, Galun E, Goldenberg D. Interstrain differences in chronic hepatitis and tumor development in a murine model of inflammation-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2013; 58:192-204. [PMID: 23423643 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic inflammation is strongly associated with an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The multidrug resistance 2 (Mdr2)-knockout (KO) mouse (adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette b4(-/-) ), a model of inflammation-mediated HCC, develops chronic cholestatic hepatitis at an early age and HCC at an adult age. To delineate factors contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis, we compared the severity of early chronic hepatitis and late HCC development in two Mdr2-KO strains: Friend virus B-type/N (FVB) and C57 black 6 (B6). We demonstrated that hepatocarcinogenesis was significantly less efficient in the Mdr2-KO/B6 mice versus the Mdr2-KO/FVB mice; this difference was more prominent in males. Chronic hepatitis in the Mdr2-KO/B6 males was more severe at 1 month of age but was less severe at 3 months of age in comparison with age-matched Mdr2-KO/FVB males. A comparative genome-scale gene expression analysis of male livers of both strains at 3 months of age revealed both common and strain-specific aberrantly expressed genes, including genes associated with the regulation of inflammation, the response to oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. One of these regulators, galectin-1 (Gal-1), possesses both anti-inflammatory and protumorigenic activities. To study its regulatory role in the liver, we transferred the Gal-1-KO mutation (lectin galactoside-binding soluble 1(-/-) ) from the B6 strain to the FVB strain, and we demonstrated that endogenous Gal-1 protected the liver against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis with the B6 genetic background but not the FVB genetic background. CONCLUSION Decreased chronic hepatitis in Mdr2-KO/B6 mice at the age of 3 months correlated with a significant retardation of liver tumor development in this strain versus the Mdr2-KO/FVB strain. We found candidate factors that may determine strain-specific differences in the course of chronic hepatitis and HCC development in the Mdr2-KO model, including inefficient anti-inflammatory activity of the endogenous lectin Gal-1 in the FVB strain.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control
- Concanavalin A
- Galectin 1/physiology
- Hepatitis, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis, Chronic/etiology
- Hepatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Methionine Adenosyltransferase/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Potikha
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Montano MM, Desjardins CL, Doughman YQ, Hsieh YH, Hu Y, Bensinger HM, Wang C, Stelzer JE, Dick TE, Hoit BD, Chandler MP, Yu X, Watanabe M. Inducible re-expression of HEXIM1 causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy in the adult mouse. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:74-82. [PMID: 23585471 PMCID: PMC3687752 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The transcription factor hexamethylene-bis-acetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) regulates myocardial vascularization and growth during cardiogenesis. Our aim was to determine whether HEXIM1 also has a beneficial role in modulating vascularization, myocardial growth, and function within the adult heart. METHODS AND RESULTS To achieve our objective, we created and investigated a mouse line wherein HEXIM1 was re-expressed in adult cardiomyocytes to levels found in the foetal heart. Our findings support a beneficial role for HEXIM1 through increased vascularization, myocardial growth, and increased ejection fraction within the adult heart. HEXIM1 re-expression induces angiogenesis, that is, essential for physiological hypertrophy and maintenance of cardiac function. The ability of HEXIM1 to co-ordinate processes associated with physiological hypertrophy may be attributed to HEXIM1 regulation of other transcription factors (HIF-1-α, c-Myc, GATA4, and PPAR-α) that, in turn, control many genes involved in myocardial vascularization, growth, and metabolism. Moreover, the mechanism for HEXIM1-induced physiological hypertrophy appears to be distinct from that involving the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION HEXIM1 re-expression results in the induction of angiogenesis that allows for the co-ordination of tissue growth and angiogenesis during physiological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, H.G. Wood Bldg. W307, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Candida L. Desjardins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yong Qui Doughman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yanduan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, H.G. Wood Bldg. W307, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Heather M. Bensinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, H.G. Wood Bldg. W307, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Connie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomas E. Dick
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brian D. Hoit
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Margaret P. Chandler
- Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Lew QJ, Chia YL, Chu KL, Lam YT, Gurumurthy M, Xu S, Lam KP, Cheong N, Chao SH. Identification of HEXIM1 as a positive regulator of p53. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36443-54. [PMID: 22948151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.374157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is best known as the inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which regulates the transcription elongation of RNA polymerase II and controls 60-70% of mRNA synthesis. Our previous studies show that HEXIM1 interacts with two key p53 regulators, nucleophosmin and human double minute-2 protein (HDM2), implying a possible connection between HEXIM1 and the p53 signaling pathway. Here we report the interaction between p53 and HEXIM1 in breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and colorectal carcinoma cells. The C-terminal regions of p53 and HEXIM1 are required for the protein-protein interaction. Overexpression of HEXIM1 prevents the ubiquitination of p53 by HDM2 and enhances the protein stability of p53, resulting in up-regulation of p53 target genes, such as Puma and p21. Induction of p53 can be achieved by several means, such as UV radiation and treatment with anti-cancer agents (including doxorubicin, etoposide, roscovitine, flavopiridol, and nutlin-3). Under all the conditions examined, elevated protein levels of p53 are found to associate with the increased p53-HEXIM1 interaction. In addition, knockdown of HEXIM1 significantly inhibits the induction of p53 and releases the cell cycle arrest caused by p53. Finally, the transcription of the p53 target genes is regulated by HEXIM1 in a p53-dependent fashion. Our results not only identify HEXIM1 as a positive regulator of p53, but also propose a novel molecular mechanism of p53 activation caused by the anti-cancer drugs and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jing Lew
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
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Mascareno EJ, Belashov I, Siddiqui MAQ, Liu F, Dhar-Mascareno M. Hexim-1 modulates androgen receptor and the TGF-β signaling during the progression of prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:1035-44. [PMID: 22095517 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen and TGF-β signaling are important components during the progression of prostate cancer. However, whether common molecular events participate in the activation of these signaling pathways are less understood. METHOD Hexim 1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry of human tissue microarrays and TRAMP mouse models. The in vivo significance of Hexim-1 was established by crossing the TRAMP mouse model of prostate cancer with Hexim-1 heterozygous mice. TRAMP C2 cell line was also modified to delete one copy of Hexim-1 gene to generate TRAMP-C2-Hexim-1+/- cell lines. RESULTS In this report, we observed that Hexim-1 protein expression is absent in normal prostate but highly expressed in adenocarcinoma of the prostate and a characteristic sub-cellular distribution among normal, benign hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Heterozygosity of the Hexim-1 gene in the prostate cancer mice model and the TRAMP-C2 cell line, leads to increased Cdk9-dependent serine phosphorylation on protein targets such as the androgen receptor (AR) and the TGF-β-dependent downstream transcription factors, such as the SMAD proteins. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that changes in the Hexim-1 protein expression and cellular distribution significantly influences the AR activation and the TGF-β signaling. Thus, Hexim-1 is likely to play a significant role in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Mascareno
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical School, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
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Muniz L, Kiss T, Egloff S. [Misregulation of P-TEFb activity: pathological consequences]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:200-5. [PMID: 22377309 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012282019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P-TEFb stimulates transcription elongation by phosphorylating the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA pol II and antagonizing the effects of negative elongation factors. Its cellular availability is controlled by an abundant non coding RNA, conserved through evolution, the 7SK RNA. Together with the HEXIM proteins, 7SK RNA associates with and sequesters a fraction of cellular P-TEFb into a catalytically inactive complex. Active and inactive forms of P-TEFb are kept in a functional and dynamic equilibrium tightly linked to the transcriptional requirement of the cell. Importantly, cardiac hypertrophy and development of various types of human malignancies have been associated with increased P-TEFb activity, consequence of a disruption of this regulatory equilibrium. In addition, the HIV-1 Tat protein also releases P-TEFb from the 7SK/HEXIM complex during viral infection to promote viral transcription and replication. Here, we review the roles played by the 7SK RNP in cancer development, cardiac hypertrophy and AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Muniz
- Université de Toulouse, université Paul Sabatier, CNRS laboratoire de biologie moléculaire des eucaryotes, Toulouse, France
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Wei M, Wang Z, Yao H, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Liu B, Yu Y, Su L, Zhu Z, Gu Q. P27(Kip1), regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β, results in HMBA-induced differentiation of human gastric cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:109. [PMID: 21439087 PMCID: PMC3078896 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of global cancer-related mortality. Although dedifferentiation predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying dedifferentiation, which could provide fundamental insights into tumor development and progression, has yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), a recently discovered differentiation inducer, requires investigation and there are no reported studies concerning the effect of HMBA on gastric cancer. METHODS Based on the results of FACS analysis, the levels of proteins involved in the cell cycle or apoptosis were determined using western blotting after single treatments and sequential combinations of HMBA and LiCl. GSK-3β and proton pump were investigated by western blotting after up-regulating Akt expression by Ad-Akt infection. To investigate the effects of HMBA on protein localization and the activities of GSK-3β, CDK2 and CDK4, kinase assays, immunoprecipitation and western blotting were performed. In addition, northern blotting and RNase protection assays were carried out to determine the functional concentration of HMBA. RESULTS HMBA increased p27(Kip1) expression and induced cell cycle arrest associated with gastric epithelial cell differentiation. In addition, treating gastric-derived cells with HMBA induced G0/G1 arrest and up-regulation of the proton pump, a marker of gastric cancer differentiation. Moreover, treatment with HMBA increased the expression and activity of GSK-3β in the nucleus but not the cytosol. HMBA decreased CDK2 activity and induced p27(Kip1) expression, which could be rescued by inhibition of GSK-3β. Furthermore, HMBA increased p27(Kip1) binding to CDK2, and this was abolished by GSK-3β inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The results presented herein suggest that GSK-3β functions by regulating p27(Kip1) assembly with CDK2, thereby playing a critical role in G0/G1 arrest associated with HMBA-induced gastric epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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The Multifunctional Nucleolar Protein Nucleophosmin/NPM/B23 and the Nucleoplasmin Family of Proteins. THE NUCLEOLUS 2011. [PMCID: PMC7121557 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0514-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophosmin (NPM)/nucleoplasmin family of nuclear chaperones has three members: NPM1, NPM2, and NPM3. Nuclear chaperones serve to ensure proper assembly of nucleosomes and proper formation of higher order structures of chromatin. In fact, this family of proteins has such diverse functions in cellular processes such as chromatin remodeling, ribosome biogenesis, genome stability, centrosome replication, cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Of the members of this family, NPM1 is the most studied and is the main focus of this review. NPM2 and NPM3 are less well characterized, and are also discussed wherever appropriate. The structure–function relationship of NPM proteins has largely been worked out. Other than the many processes in which NPM1 takes part, the major interest comes from its involvement in human cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Its significance stems from the fact that AML with mutated NPM1 accounts for ∼30% of all AML cases and usually has good prognosis. Its clinical importance also comes from its involvement in virus replication, particularly in the era of outbreaks of infectious diseases.
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Hashimoto JG, Forquer MR, Tanchuck MA, Finn DA, Wiren KM. Importance of genetic background for risk of relapse shown in altered prefrontal cortex gene expression during abstinence following chronic alcohol intoxication. Neuroscience 2010; 173:57-75. [PMID: 21081154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a relapsing disorder associated with excessive consumption after periods of abstinence. Neuroadaptations in brain structure, plasticity and gene expression occur with chronic intoxication but are poorly characterized. Here we report identification of pathways altered during abstinence in prefrontal cortex, a brain region associated with cognitive dysfunction and damage in alcoholics. To determine the influence of genetic differences, an animal model was employed with widely divergent responses to alcohol withdrawal, the Withdrawal Seizure-Resistant (WSR) and Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP) lines. Mice were chronically exposed to highly intoxicating concentrations of ethanol and withdrawn, then left abstinent for 21 days. Transcriptional profiling by microarray analyses identified a total of 562 genes as significantly altered during abstinence. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the transcriptional response correlated with genotype/withdrawal phenotype rather than sex. Gene Ontology category overrepresentation analysis identified thyroid hormone metabolism, glutathione metabolism, axon guidance and DNA damage response as targeted classes of genes in low response WSR mice, with acetylation and histone deacetylase complex as highly dimorphic between WSR and WSP mice. Confirmation studies in WSR mice revealed both increased neurotoxicity by histopathologic examination and elevated triidothyronine (T3) levels. Most importantly, relapse drinking was reduced by inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis in dependent WSR mice compared to controls. These findings provide in vivo physiological and behavioral validation of the pathways identified. Combined, these results indicate a fundamentally distinct neuroadaptive response during abstinence in mice genetically selected for divergent withdrawal severity. Identification of pathways altered in abstinence may aid development of novel therapeutics for targeted treatment of relapse in abstinent alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Hashimoto
- Research Service, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dethoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Mascareno E, Manukyan I, Das DK, Siddiqui MAQ. Down-regulation of cardiac lineage protein (CLP-1) expression in CLP-1 +/- mice affords. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:2744-2753. [PMID: 18624753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the transcriptional mechanism that underlies cell protection to stress, we evaluated the role of CLP-1, a known inhibitor of the transcription elongation complex (pTEFb), in CLP-1 +/- mice hearts. Using the isolated heart model, we observed that the CLP-1 +/- hearts, when subjected to ischaemic stress and evaluated by haemodynamic measurements, exhibit significant cardioprotection. CLP-1 remains associated with the pTEFb complex in the heterozygous hearts, where as it is released in the wild-type hearts suggesting the involvement of pTEFb regulation in cell protection. There was a decrease in Cdk7 and Cdk9 kinase activity and consequently in phosphorylation of serine-5 and serine-2 of Pol II CTD in CLP-1 +/- hearts. However, the levels of mitochondrial proteins, PGC-1alpha and HIF-1alpha, which enhance mitochondrial activity and are implicated in cell survival, were increased in CLP-1 +/- hearts subjected to ischaemic stress compared to that in wild-type CLP-1 +/- hearts treated identically. There was also an increase in the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK-1), which facilitates cell adaptation to hypoxic stress. Taken together, our data suggest that regulation of the CLP-1 levels is critical to cellular adaptation of the survival program that protects cardiomyocytes against stress due collectively to a decrease in RNA Pol II phosphorylation but an increase in expression of target proteins that regulate mitochondrial function and metabolic adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mascareno
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Irena Manukyan
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Dipak K Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M A Q Siddiqui
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Fujita T, Schlegel W. Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II: an opportunity to regulate gene transcription. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30:31-42. [PMID: 20170405 DOI: 10.3109/10799890903517921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of eukaryotic genes by RNA polymerase II (pol II) is a complex, highly regulated multiphasic process. Pol II pauses in the proximity of the promoter on a large fraction of transcribed genes. Transcription initiation and elongation of transcripts are under distinct control. Induced gene expression can thus be due to enhanced initiation and/or stimulated elongation. Pausing and resumption of the elongation of transcripts is under the control of transcription elongation factors. Three of them, P-TEFb, DSIF, and NELF have been well characterized as protein complexes with multiple general but also gene specific functions. Elongation factors execute checkpoint functions but serve also as targets for signaling processes which regulate gene expression. Due to the general importance of transcription elongation factors, it is difficult to delineate the mechanisms by which elongation of specific genes is regulated by specific intracellular signals. However, it is clear that the controlled pausing of pol II provides an opportunity to finely control timing and quantity of transcriptional output.
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40
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Gurusamy N, Lekli I, Ahsan MK, Ray D, Mukherjee S, Mascareno E, Siddiqui MAQ, Das DK. Downregulation of cardiac lineage protein-1 confers cardioprotection through the upregulation of redox effectors. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:187-93. [PMID: 19931534 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CLP-1, the mouse homologue of human Hexim1 protein, exerts inhibitory control on transcriptional elongation factor-b of RNA transcript elongation. Previously, we have demonstrated that downregulation of cardiac lineage protein-1 (CLP-1) in CLP-1(+/-) heterozygous mice affords cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our current study results show that the improvement in cardiac function in CLP-1(+/-) mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury is achieved through the potentiation of redox signaling and their molecular targets including redox effector factor-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, and NADPH oxidase 4 and the active usage of thioredoxin-1, thioredoxin-2, glutaredoxin-1 and glutaredoxin-2. Our results suggest that drugs designed to down regulate CLP-1 could confer cardioprotection through the potentiation of redox cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimman Gurusamy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA
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41
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Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is essential to all aspects of physiological processes in single-cell as well as multicellular organisms. It gives ultimately cells the ability to efficiently respond to extra- and intracellular stimuli participating in cell cycle, growth, differentiation and survival. Regulation of gene expression is executed primarily at the level of transcription of specific mRNAs by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), typically in several distinct phases. Among them, transcription elongation is positively regulated by the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), consisting of CDK9 and cyclin T1, T2 or K. P-TEFb enables transition from abortive to productive transcription elongation by phosphorylating carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) in RNAPII and negative transcription elongation factors. Over the years, we have learned a great deal about molecular composition of P-TEFb complexes, their assembly and their role in transcription of specific genes, but function of P-TEFb in other physiological processes was not apparent until just recently. In light of emerging discoveries connecting P-TEFb to regulation of cell cycle, development and several diseases, I would like to discuss these observations as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kohoutek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V, Tobin MD, Bochud M, Coin L, Najjar SS, Zhao JH, Heath SC, Eyheramendy S, Papadakis K, Voight BF, Scott LJ, Zhang F, Farrall M, Tanaka T, Wallace C, Chambers JC, Khaw KT, Nilsson P, van der Harst P, Polidoro S, Grobbee DE, Onland-Moret NC, Bots ML, Wain LV, Elliott KS, Teumer A, Luan J, Lucas G, Kuusisto J, Burton PR, Hadley D, McArdle WL, Brown M, Dominiczak A, Newhouse SJ, Samani NJ, Webster J, Zeggini E, Beckmann JS, Bergmann S, Lim N, Song K, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth DM, Yuan X, Groop L, Orho-Melander M, Allione A, Di Gregorio A, Guarrera S, Panico S, Ricceri F, Romanazzi V, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Barroso I, Sandhu MS, Luben RN, Crawford GJ, Jousilahti P, Perola M, Boehnke M, Bonnycastle LL, Collins FS, Jackson AU, Mohlke KL, Stringham HM, Valle TT, Willer CJ, Bergman RN, Morken MA, Döring A, Gieger C, Illig T, Meitinger T, Org E, Pfeufer A, Wichmann HE, Kathiresan S, Marrugat J, O’Donnell CJ, Schwartz SM, Siscovick DS, Subirana I, Freimer NB, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy MI, O’Reilly PF, Peltonen L, Pouta A, de Jong PE, Snieder H, van Gilst WH, Clarke R, Goel A, Hamsten A, Peden JF, Seedorf U, Syvänen AC, Tognoni G, Lakatta EG, Sanna S, Scheet P, Schlessinger D, Scuteri A, Dörr M, Ernst F, Felix SB, Homuth G, Lorbeer R, Reffelmann T, Rettig R, Völker U, Galan P, Gut IG, Hercberg S, Lathrop GM, Zeleneka D, Deloukas P, Soranzo N, Williams FM, Zhai G, Salomaa V, Laakso M, Elosua R, Forouhi NG, Völzke H, Uiterwaal CS, van der Schouw YT, Numans ME, Matullo G, Navis G, Berglund G, Bingham SA, Kooner JS, Paterson AD, Connell JM, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Watkins H, Spector TD, Tuomilehto J, Altshuler D, Strachan DP, Laan M, Meneton P, Wareham NJ, Uda M, Jarvelin MR, Mooser V, Melander O, Loos RJF, Elliott P, Abecasis GR, Caulfield M, Munroe PB. Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure. Nat Genet 2009; 41:666-76. [PMID: 19430483 PMCID: PMC2891673 DOI: 10.1038/ng.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure is a common, heritable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. To date, identification of common genetic variants influencing blood pressure has proven challenging. We tested 2.5 million genotyped and imputed SNPs for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 34,433 subjects of European ancestry from the Global BPgen consortium and followed up findings with direct genotyping (N ≤ 71,225 European ancestry, N ≤ 12,889 Indian Asian ancestry) and in silico comparison (CHARGE consortium, N = 29,136). We identified association between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and common variants in eight regions near the CYP17A1 (P = 7 × 10(-24)), CYP1A2 (P = 1 × 10(-23)), FGF5 (P = 1 × 10(-21)), SH2B3 (P = 3 × 10(-18)), MTHFR (P = 2 × 10(-13)), c10orf107 (P = 1 × 10(-9)), ZNF652 (P = 5 × 10(-9)) and PLCD3 (P = 1 × 10(-8)) genes. All variants associated with continuous blood pressure were associated with dichotomous hypertension. These associations between common variants and blood pressure and hypertension offer mechanistic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and may point to novel targets for interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Toby Johnson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Institute for Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
| | - Vesela Gateva
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Departments of Health Sciences & Genetics, Adrian Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH
| | - Murielle Bochud
- University Institute for Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Samer S Najjar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21224
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon C Heath
- Centre National de Génotypage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5721, 91 057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Susana Eyheramendy
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Facultad de Matematicas, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile, 7820436
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Papadakis
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Dept of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH
| | - Martin Farrall
- Dept. Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Medstar Research Institute, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA
| | - Chris Wallace
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ
- JDRF/WT Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge, CB2 0XY
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics - DBG, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 2.2112, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louise V Wain
- Departments of Health Sciences & Genetics, Adrian Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH
| | - Katherine S Elliott
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gavin Lucas
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine University of Kuopio 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paul R Burton
- Departments of Health Sciences & Genetics, Adrian Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH
| | - David Hadley
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Wendy L McArdle
- ALSPAC Laboratory, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Morris Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK CB2 2QQ
| | - Anna Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK G12 8TA
| | - Stephen J Newhouse
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Dept of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | | | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
| | - Noha Lim
- Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Kijoung Song
- Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Xin Yuan
- Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital, Malmö
- Lund University, Malmö S-205 02, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Allione
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Gregorio
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
| | - Valeria Romanazzi
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin and Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
| | - Inês Barroso
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Gabriel J. Crawford
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Welfare and Health P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Welfare and Health P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki and National Public Health Institute
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Timo T Valle
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Physiology and Biophysics USC School of Medicine 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR 626 Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Mario A Morken
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Elin Org
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arne Pfeufer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig Maximilians University, IBE, Chair of Epidemiology, Munich
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher J O’Donnell
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Framingham Heart Study and National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Stephen M Schwartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98101 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195 USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98101 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195 USA
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Gonda Center, Room 3506, 695 Charles E Young Drive South, Box 951761, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box 5000 Fin-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, UK OX3 7LJ
| | - Paul F O’Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki and National Public Health Institute
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box 5000 Fin-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Aapistie 1, P.O. Box 310, FIN-90101 Oulu, Finland
| | - Paul E de Jong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Dept. Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Building L8:03, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John F Peden
- Dept. Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine, Dept. Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Tognoni
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21224
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, CNR, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, Univ. of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21224
| | - Angelo Scuteri
- Unitá Operativa Geriatria, Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (INRCA) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Ernst
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roberto Lorbeer
- Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reffelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pilar Galan
- U557 Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Ivo G Gut
- Centre National de Génotypage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5721, 91 057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- U557 Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - G Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Génotypage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5721, 91 057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Diana Zeleneka
- Centre National de Génotypage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5721, 91 057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Dept of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Frances M Williams
- Dept of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Dept of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Welfare and Health P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine University of Kuopio 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cuno S Uiterwaal
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs E Numans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- ISI Foundation (Institute for Scientific Interchange), Villa Gualino, Torino, 10133, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Göran Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sheila A Bingham
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5T 3M7
| | - John M Connell
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK G12 8TA
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Dept. Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Dept of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - David Altshuler
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - David P Strachan
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Maris Laan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santét de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Medé0cine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuela Uda
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, CNR, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Aapistie 1, P.O. Box 310, FIN-90101 Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Aapistie 1, FIN-90101, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ruth JF Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge - Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) Consortium, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Mark Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ
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43
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Shimizu N, Yoshikawa N, Wada T, Handa H, Sano M, Fukuda K, Suematsu M, Sawai T, Morimoto C, Tanaka H. Tissue- and context-dependent modulation of hormonal sensitivity of glucocorticoid-responsive genes by hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible protein 1. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2609-23. [PMID: 18801933 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pharmacological processes mediated by glucocorticoids involve tissue- and context-specific regulation of glucocorticoid-responsive gene expression via glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such highly coordinated regulation of glucocorticoid actions remain to be studied. We here addressed this issue using atp1a1 and scnn1a, both of which are up-regulated in response to corticosteroids in human embryonic kidney-derived 293 cells, but resistant in liver-derived HepG2 cells. Hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) represses gene expression via, at least, two distinct mechanisms, i.e. positive transcription elongation factor b sequestration and direct interaction with GR, and is relatively high in HepG2 cells compared with 293 cells. Given this, we focused on the role of HEXIM1 in transcriptional regulation of these GR target genes. In HepG2 cells, hormone resistance of atp1a1 and scnn1a was diminished by either knockdown of HEXIM1 or overexpression of GR. Such a positive effect of exogenous expression of GR was counteracted by concomitant overexpression of HEXIM1, indicating the balance between GR and HEXIM1 modulates hormonal sensitivity of these genes. In support of this, the hormone-dependent recruitment of RNA polymerase II onto atp1a1 promoter was in parallel with that of GR. Moreover, we revealed that not positive transcription elongation factor b-suppressing activity but direct interaction with GR of HEXIM1 plays a major role in suppression of promoter recruitment of the receptor and subsequent atp1a1 and scnn1a gene activation. Collectively, we may conclude that HEXIM1 may participate in tissue-selective determination of glucocorticoid sensitivity via direct interaction with GR at least in certain gene sets including atp1a1 and scnn1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Shimizu
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, Mail Code 2873, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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45
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Gurumurthy M, Tan CH, Ng R, Zeiger L, Lau J, Lee J, Dey A, Philp R, Li Q, Lim TM, Price DH, Lane DP, Chao SH. Nucleophosmin interacts with HEXIM1 and regulates RNA polymerase II transcription. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:302-17. [PMID: 18371977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hexamethylene bis-acetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) was identified earlier as an inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is a key transcriptional regulator of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Studies show that more than half of P-TEFb in cells is associated with HEXIM1, which results in the inactivation of P-TEFb. Here, we identify a nucleolar protein, nucleophosmin (NPM), as a HEXIM1-binding protein. NPM binds to HEXIM1 in vitro and in vivo, and functions as a negative regulator of HEXIM1. Over-expression of NPM leads to proteasome-mediated degradation of HEXIM1, resulting in activation of P-TEFb-dependent transcription. In contrast, an increase in HEXIM1 protein levels and a decrease in transcription are detected when NPM is knocked down. We show that a cytoplasmic mutant of NPM, NPMc+, associates with and sequesters HEXIM1 in the cytoplasm resulting in higher RNA Pol II transcription. Correspondingly, cytoplasmic localization of endogenous HEXIM1 is detected in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line containing the NPMc+ mutation, suggesting the physiological importance of HEXIM1-NPMc+ interaction. Over-expression of NPM has been detected in tumors of various histological origins and our results may provide a possible molecular mechanism for the proto-oncogenic function of NPM. Furthermore, considering that 35% of AML patients are diagnosed with NPMc+ mutation, our findings suggest that in some cases of AML, RNA Pol II transcription may be disregulated by the malfunction of NPM and the mislocation of HEXIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Gurumurthy
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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