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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wen H, Qi X, Wang Q, Zhang K, Wang L, Sun D, Dong Y, Li P, Li Y. Genetic Basis and Identification of Candidate Genes for Alkalinity Tolerance Trait in Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) by Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2025; 27:27. [PMID: 39786505 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Given the challenges of overcrowded coastal aquaculture spaces and insufficient production, utilizing saline-alkaline water areas represents a vital strategy to alleviate these bottlenecks. Spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), with its formidable osmoregulatory capabilities, is an ideal candidate to develop a saline-alkaline tolerant strain. In our study, genotypic and phenotypic data from 287 L. maculatus individuals exposed to carbonate alkaline conditions were collected, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted to elucidate genetic basis related to carbonate alkalinity tolerance trait. Results showed that 14 SNPs and 8 InDels were markedly related to carbonate alkalinity tolerance trait, and 404 candidate genes were pinpointed within a ± 300-kb region surrounding these variants. Notably, the most significant SNP (SNP_05_17240108), along with two adjacent SNPs (SNP_05_17240102 and SNP_05_17240340) and two InDels (InDel_05_17240228 and InDel_05_17240231), was situated in the intron region of trio gene that could play vital roles in cell remodeling, and cell junction and activity of aquaporins to deal with carbonate alkalinity stress. Furthermore, candidate genes were significantly involved in pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, cell remodeling, ion transport, and RNA degradation, which were consistent with RNA-Seq analysis results of gills and kidneys in response to alkalinity stress. Our study will contribute to elucidate the genetic basis of alkalinity tolerance and the identified SNPs and InDels could be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) for alkalinity tolerance trait in the breeding programs of spotted sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Fujian Minwell Industrial Co., LTD, Fuding, 355200, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yani Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Gorla M, Guleria DS. Rho GTPase Signaling: A Molecular Switchboard for Regulating the Actin Cytoskeleton in Axon Guidance. J Cell Physiol 2025; 240:e70005. [PMID: 39888031 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.70005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Axon pathfinding is a highly dynamic process regulated by the interactions between cell-surface guidance receptors and guidance cues present in the extracellular environment. During development, precise axon pathfinding is crucial for the formation of functional neural circuits. The spatiotemporal expression of axon guidance receptors helps the navigating axon make correct decisions in a complex environment comprising both attractive and repulsive guidance cues. Axon guidance receptors initiate distinct signaling cascades that eventually influence the cytoskeleton at the growing tip of an axon, called the growth cone. The actin cytoskeleton is the primary target of these guidance signals and plays a key role in growth cone motility, exploration, and behavior. Of the many regulatory molecules that modulate the actin cytoskeleton in response to distinct guidance signals, Rho GTPases play central roles. Rho GTPases are molecular switchboards; their ON (GTP-bound) and OFF (GDP-bound) switches are controlled by their interactions with proteins that regulate the exchange of GDP for GTP or with the proteins that promote GTP hydrolysis. Various upstream signals, including axon guidance signals, regulate the activity of these Rho GTPase switch regulators. As cycling molecular switches, Rho GTPases interact with and control the activities of downstream effectors, which directly influence actin reorganization in a context-dependent manner. A deeper exploration of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Rho GTPase signaling and the molecular basis of their involvement in regulating growth cone actin cytoskeleton can unlock promising therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders linked to dysregulated Rho GTPase signaling. This review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the field but also highlights recent discoveries that have considerably advanced our understanding of the complex regulatory roles of Rho GTPases in modulating actin cytoskeleton arrangement at the growth cone during axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Gorla
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Schunke JM, Arteaga-Vázquez MA, Arredondo J, Tejeda MT, Ascencio-Ibáñez JT, Díaz-Fleischer F. Transcriptional response of laboratory-reared Mexican fruit flies ( Anastrepha ludens Loew) to desiccation. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:563-570. [PMID: 39295441 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Confronting environments with low relative humidity is one of the main challenges faced by insects with expanding distribution ranges. Anastrepha ludens (the Mexican fruit fly) has evolved to cope with the variable conditions encountered during its lifetime, which allows it to colonise a wide range of environments. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the ability of this species to confront environments with low relative humidity is incomplete. In this sense, omic approaches such as transcriptomics can be helpful for advancing our knowledge on how this species copes with desiccation stress. Considering this, in this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses to compare the molecular responses of laboratory-reared A. ludens exposed and unexposed to desiccation. Data from the transcriptome analyses indicated that the responses to desiccation are shared by both sexes. We identified the up-regulation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in lipid metabolism and membrane remodelling, as well as proteases and cuticular proteins. Our results provide a framework for understanding the response to desiccation stress in one of the most invasive fruit fly species in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Schunke
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biochemistry, North Carolina State University
| | | | - José Arredondo
- PROGRAMA MOSCAMED, SADER-IICA, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
| | - Marco T Tejeda
- PROGRAMA MOSCAMED, SADER-IICA, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
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Bischof L, Schweitzer F, Heinisch JJ. Functional Conservation of the Small GTPase Rho5/Rac1-A Tale of Yeast and Men. Cells 2024; 13:472. [PMID: 38534316 PMCID: PMC10969153 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are molecular switches that participate in many essential cellular processes. Amongst them, human Rac1 was first described for its role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell migration, with a close relation to carcinogenesis. More recently, the role of Rac1 in regulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both as a subunit of NADPH oxidase complexes and through its association with mitochondrial functions, has drawn attention. Malfunctions in this context affect cellular plasticity and apoptosis, related to neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Some of these features of Rac1 are conserved in its yeast homologue Rho5. Here, we review the structural and functional similarities and differences between these two evolutionary distant proteins and propose yeast as a useful model and a device for high-throughput screens for specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jürgen J. Heinisch
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (L.B.); (F.S.)
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Gossen S, Gerstner S, Borchers A. The RhoGEF Trio is transported by microtubules and affects microtubule stability in migrating neural crest cells. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203899. [PMID: 38160720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Directed cell migration requires a local fine-tuning of Rho GTPase activity to control protrusion formation, cell-cell contraction, and turnover of cellular adhesions. The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) TRIO is ideally suited to control RhoGTPase activity because it combines two distinct catalytic domains to control Rac1 and RhoA activity in one molecule. However, at the cellular level, this molecular feature also requires a tight spatiotemporal control of TRIO activity. Here, we analyze the dynamic localization of Trio in Xenopus cranial neural crest (NC) cells, where we have recently shown that Trio is required for protrusion formation and migration. Using live cell imaging, we find that the GEF2 domain, but not the GEF1 domain of Trio, dynamically colocalizes with EB3 at microtubule plus-ends. Microtubule-mediated transport of Trio appears to be relevant for its function in NC migration, as a mutant GEF2 construct lacking the SxIP motif responsible for microtubule plus-end localization was significantly impaired in its ability to rescue the Trio loss-of-function phenotype compared to wild-type GEF2. Furthermore, by analyzing microtubule dynamics in migrating NC cells, we observed that loss of Trio function stabilized microtubules at cell-cell contact sites compared to controls, whereas they were destabilized at the leading edge of NC cells. Our data suggest that Trio is transported by microtubules to distinct subcellular locations where it has different functions in controlling microtubule stability, cell morphology, and cell-cell interaction during directed NC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gossen
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerstner
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Haspel N, Jang H, Nussinov R. Allosteric Activation of RhoA Complexed with p115-RhoGEF Deciphered by Conformational Dynamics. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:862-873. [PMID: 38215280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The Ras homologue family member A (RhoA) is a member of the Rho family, a subgroup of the Ras superfamily. RhoA interacts with the 115 kDa guanine nucleotide exchange factor (p115-RhoGEF), which assists in activation and binding with downstream effectors. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and essential dynamics analysis of the inactive RhoA-GDP and active RhoA-GTP, when bound to p115-RhoGEF to decipher the mechanism of RhoA activation at the structural level. We observe that inactive RhoA-GDP maintains its position near the catalytic site on the Dbl homology (DH) domain of p115-RhoGEF through the interaction of its Switch I region with the DH domain. We further show that the active RhoA-GTP is engaged in more interactions with the p115-RhoGEF membrane-bound Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain as compared to RhoA-GDP. We hypothesize that the role of the interactions between the active RhoA-GTP and the PH domain is to help release it from the DH domain upon activation. Our results support this premise, and our simulations uncover the beginning of this process and provide structural details. They also point to allosteric communication pathways that take part in RhoA activation to promote and strengthen the interaction between the active RhoA-GTP and the PH domain. Allosteric regulation also occurs among other members of the Rho superfamily. Collectively, we suggest that in the activation process, the role of the RhoA-GTP interaction with the PH domain is to release RhoA-GTP from the DH domain after activation, making it available to downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Haspel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Kalot R, Sentell Z, Kitzler TM, Torban E. Primary cilia and actin regulatory pathways in renal ciliopathies. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 3:1331847. [PMID: 38292052 PMCID: PMC10824913 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1331847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by defects to the structure or function of the primary cilium. They often affect multiple organs, leading to brain malformations, congenital heart defects, and anomalies of the retina or skeletal system. Kidney abnormalities are among the most frequent ciliopathic phenotypes manifesting as smaller, dysplastic, and cystic kidneys that are often accompanied by renal fibrosis. Many renal ciliopathies cause chronic kidney disease and often progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating replacing therapies. There are more than 35 known ciliopathies; each is a rare hereditary condition, yet collectively they account for a significant proportion of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The primary cilium is a tiny microtubule-based organelle at the apex of almost all vertebrate cells. It serves as a "cellular antenna" surveying environment outside the cell and transducing this information inside the cell to trigger multiple signaling responses crucial for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hundreds of proteins and unique cellular mechanisms are involved in cilia formation. Recent evidence suggests that actin remodeling and regulation at the base of the primary cilium strongly impacts ciliogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the primary cilium, focusing on the role of actin cytoskeleton and its regulators in ciliogenesis. We then describe the key clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of renal ciliopathies. We highlight what is known about actin regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases with the aim to consider these recent molecular findings as potential therapeutic targets for renal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kalot
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary Sentell
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Kitzler
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bhattacharya A, Alam K, Roy NS, Kaur K, Kaity S, Ravichandiran V, Roy S. Exploring the interaction between extracellular matrix components in a 3D organoid disease model to replicate the pathophysiology of breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:343. [PMID: 38102637 PMCID: PMC10724947 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models are necessary to study the pathophysiology of the disease and the development of effective, tailored treatment methods owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer and the large population affected by it. The cellular connections and tumor microenvironments observed in vivo are often not recapitulated in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Therefore, developing 3D in vitro models that mimic the complex architecture and physiological circumstances of breast tumors is crucial for advancing our understanding of the illness. A 3D scaffold-free in vitro disease model mimics breast cancer pathophysiology by allowing cells to self-assemble/pattern into 3D structures, in contrast with other 3D models that rely on artificial scaffolds. It is possible that this model, whether applied to breast tumors using patient-derived primary cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and cancer cells), can accurately replicate the observed heterogeneity. The complicated interactions between different cell types are modelled by integrating critical components of the tumor microenvironment, such as the extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial cells, and tumor growth factors. Tissue interactions, immune cell infiltration, and the effects of the milieu on drug resistance can be studied using this scaffold-free 3D model. The scaffold-free 3D in vitro disease model for mimicking tumor pathophysiology in breast cancer is a useful tool for studying the molecular basis of the disease, identifying new therapeutic targets, and evaluating treatment modalities. It provides a more physiologically appropriate high-throughput platform for screening large compound library in a 96-384 well format. We critically discussed the rapid development of personalized treatment strategies and accelerated drug screening platforms to close the gap between traditional 2D cell culture and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kamare Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Nakka Sharmila Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine a Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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Yuan Q, Fan Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Jia M, Dong Y, Geng Z, Zheng J, Lu X. Pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4 (PLEKHG4) leads to the activation of RhoGTPases promoting the malignant phenotypes of thyroid cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1315-1331. [PMID: 37336836 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common endocrine system cancers, and its incidence is elevating. There is an urgent need to develop a deeper understanding of TC pathogenesis and explore new therapeutic target for its treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4 (PLEKHG4) on the progression of TC. Herein, 29 pairs of TC and adjacent tissues were used to assess the expression of PLEKHG4. A xenograft model of mouse was established by subcutaneously injected with TC cells. Lung metastasis model was established through left ventricular injection. The results revealed that PLEKHG4 was up-regulated in human TC tissues. PLEKHG4 level was correlated with clinicopathological parameters of TC patients. In vitro assays revealed that PLEKHG4 promoted TC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Knockdown of PLEKHG4 led to the opposite effects, and the loss of PLEKHG4 enhanced the apoptosis ability and inhibited the stemness properties of TC cells. These findings were further confirmed by the in vivo growth and lung metastasis of TC tumor. Mechanistically, PLEKHG4 promoted the activation of RhoGTPases RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1. The inhibitors of these RhoGTPases reversed the PLEKHG4-induced malignant phenotypes. Additionally, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O (UBE2O), a large E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme acted as an ubiquitin enzyme of PLEKHG4, facilitated its ubiquitination and degradation. In conclusion, PLEKHG4, regulated by UBE2O, promoted the thyroid cancer progression via activating the RhoGTPases pathway. UBE2O/PLEKHG4/RhoGTPases axis is expected to be a novel a therapeutic target for TC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yuan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zushi Geng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiubo Lu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Jeon Y, Shin YK, Kim H, Choi YY, Kang M, Kwon Y, Cho Y, Chi SW, Shin JE. βPix Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Regulates Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Axons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14357. [PMID: 37762659 PMCID: PMC10532151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is essential for successful recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Although growth cone reformation and axonal extension are crucial steps in axonal regeneration, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these dynamic processes are poorly understood. Here, we identify βPix (Arhgef7), the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 GTPase, as a regulator of axonal regeneration. After sciatic nerve injury in mice, the expression levels of βPix increase significantly in nerve segments containing regenerating axons. In regrowing axons, βPix is localized in the peripheral domain of the growth cone. Using βPix neuronal isoform knockout (NIKO) mice in which the neuronal isoforms of βPix are specifically removed, we demonstrate that βPix promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons and in vivo axon regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury. Activation of cJun and STAT3 in the cell bodies is not affected in βPix NIKO mice, supporting the local action of βPix in regenerating axons. Finally, inhibiting Src, a kinase previously identified as an activator of the βPix neuronal isoform, causes axon outgrowth defects in vitro, like those found in the βPix NIKO neurons. Altogether, these data indicate that βPix plays an important role in axonal regrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoon Kyung Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Hwigyeong Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Minjae Kang
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Kwon
- Department School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42899, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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Toudji I, Toumi A, Chamberland É, Rossignol E. Interneuron odyssey: molecular mechanisms of tangential migration. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1256455. [PMID: 37779671 PMCID: PMC10538647 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1256455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical GABAergic interneurons are critical components of neural networks. They provide local and long-range inhibition and help coordinate network activities involved in various brain functions, including signal processing, learning, memory and adaptative responses. Disruption of cortical GABAergic interneuron migration thus induces profound deficits in neural network organization and function, and results in a variety of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. It is thus of paramount importance to elucidate the specific mechanisms that govern the migration of interneurons to clarify some of the underlying disease mechanisms. GABAergic interneurons destined to populate the cortex arise from multipotent ventral progenitor cells located in the ganglionic eminences and pre-optic area. Post-mitotic interneurons exit their place of origin in the ventral forebrain and migrate dorsally using defined migratory streams to reach the cortical plate, which they enter through radial migration before dispersing to settle in their final laminar allocation. While migrating, cortical interneurons constantly change their morphology through the dynamic remodeling of actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeleton as they detect and integrate extracellular guidance cues generated by neuronal and non-neuronal sources distributed along their migratory routes. These processes ensure proper distribution of GABAergic interneurons across cortical areas and lamina, supporting the development of adequate network connectivity and brain function. This short review summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cortical GABAergic interneuron migration, with a focus on tangential migration, and addresses potential avenues for cell-based interneuron progenitor transplants in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Toudji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Asmaa Toumi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Chamberland
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Bonnet M, Roche F, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Gazdagh G, Truong I, Comunale F, Barbosa S, Bonhomme M, Nafati N, Hunt D, Rodriguez MP, Chaudhry A, Shears D, Madruga M, Vansenne F, Curie A, Kajava AV, Baralle D, Fassier C, Debant A, Schmidt S. Pathogenic TRIO variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders perturb the molecular regulation of TRIO and axon pathfinding in vivo. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1527-1544. [PMID: 36717740 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The RhoGEF TRIO is known to play a major role in neuronal development by controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling, primarily through the activation of the RAC1 GTPase. Numerous de novo mutations in the TRIO gene have been identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). We have previously established the first phenotype/genotype correlation in TRIO-associated diseases, with striking correlation between the clinical features of the individuals and the opposite modulation of RAC1 activity by TRIO variants targeting different domains. The mutations hyperactivating RAC1 are of particular interest, as they are recurrently found in patients and are associated with a severe form of NDD and macrocephaly, indicating their importance in the etiology of the disease. Yet, it remains unknown how these pathogenic TRIO variants disrupt TRIO activity at a molecular level and how they affect neurodevelopmental processes such as axon outgrowth or guidance. Here we report an additional cohort of individuals carrying a pathogenic TRIO variant that reinforces our initial phenotype/genotype correlation. More importantly, by performing conformation predictions coupled to biochemical validation, we propose a model whereby TRIO is inhibited by an intramolecular fold and NDD-associated variants relieve this inhibition, leading to RAC1 hyperactivation. Moreover, we show that in cultured primary neurons and in the zebrafish developmental model, these gain-of-function variants differentially affect axon outgrowth and branching in vitro and in vivo, as compared to loss-of-function TRIO variants. In summary, by combining clinical, molecular, cellular and in vivo data, we provide compelling new evidence for the pathogenicity of novel genetic variants targeting the TRIO gene in NDDs. We report a novel mechanism whereby the fine-tuned regulation of TRIO activity is critical for proper neuronal development and is disrupted by pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Fiona Roche
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Christine Fagotto-Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriella Gazdagh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Iona Truong
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Barbosa
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Bonhomme
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nafati
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - David Hunt
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | | | - Ayeshah Chaudhry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcos Madruga
- Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela De la Cruz, Sevilla, 41014, Spain
| | - Fleur Vansenne
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center, Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aurore Curie
- Reference Center for Intellectual Disability from rare causes, Department of Child Neurology, Woman Mother and Child Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Diana Baralle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Debant
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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13
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Bandekar SJ, Chen CL, Ravala SK, Cash JN, Avramova LV, Zhalnina MV, Gutkind JS, Li S, Tesmer JJG. Structural/functional studies of Trio provide insights into its configuration and show that conserved linker elements enhance its activity for Rac1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102209. [PMID: 35779635 PMCID: PMC9372627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trio is a large and highly conserved metazoan signaling scaffold that contains two Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) modules, TrioN and TrioC, selective for Rac and RhoA GTPases, respectively. The GEF activities of TrioN and TrioC are implicated in several cancers, especially uveal melanoma. However, little is known about how these modules operate in the context of larger fragments of Trio. Here we show via negative stain electron microscopy that the N-terminal region of Trio is extended and could thus serve as a rigid spacer between the N-terminal putative lipid-binding domain and TrioN, whereas the C-terminal half of Trio seems globular. We found that regions C-terminal to TrioN enhance its Rac1 GEF activity and thus could play a regulatory role. We went on to characterize a minimal, well-behaved Trio fragment with enhanced activity, Trio1284-1959, in complex with Rac1 using cryo-electron microscopy and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and found that the region conferring enhanced activity is disordered. Deletion of two different strongly conserved motifs in this region eliminated this enhancement, suggesting that they form transient intramolecular interactions that promote GEF activity. Because Dbl family RhoGEF modules have been challenging to directly target with small molecules, characterization of accessory Trio domains such as these may provide alternate routes for the development of therapeutics that inhibit Trio activity in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit J Bandekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sandeep K Ravala
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer N Cash
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Larisa V Avramova
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Mariya V Zhalnina
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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14
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Mosallaei M, Ehtesham N, Beheshtian M, Khoshbakht S, Davarnia B, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H. Phenotype and genotype spectrum of variants in guanine nucleotide exchange factor genes in a broad cohort of Iranian patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1894. [PMID: 35174982 PMCID: PMC9000939 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) play pivotal roles in neuronal cell functions by exchanging GDP to GTP nucleotide and activation of GTPases. We aimed to determine the genotype and phenotype spectrum of GEF mutations by collecting data from a large Iranian cohort with intellectual disability (ID) and/or developmental delay (DD). Methods We collected data from nine families with 20 patients extracted from Iranian cohort of 640 families with ID and/or DD. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify the causing variants in recruited families. We also compared our clinical and molecular findings with previously reported patients carrying mutations in these GEF genes in the literature published until mid‐2021. Results We identified disease‐causing variants in eight GEF genes including ALS2, IQSEC2, MADD, RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, TRIO, ITSN1, and DENND2A. The major clinical manifestations in 203 previously reported cases along with our 20 patients with disease causing variants in eight GEF genes were as follow; speech disorder (85.2%), ID (81.6%), DD (81.1%), inability to walk (71.3%), facial dysmorphisms features (52.4%), abnormalities in skull morphology (55.6%), hypotonia and muscle weakness (47%), and brain MRI abnormalities (43.4%). Conclusion Our study provides new insights into the genotype and phenotype spectrum of mutations in GEF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Mosallaei
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeim Ehtesham
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrouz Khoshbakht
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Davarnia
- Department of Genetic and Pathology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Centre, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Khaliq SA, Umair Z, Yoon MS. Role of ARHGEF3 as a GEF and mTORC2 Regulator. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:806258. [PMID: 35174167 PMCID: PMC8841341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.806258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate to permit the binding of guanosine triphosphate. ARHGEF3 or XPLN (exchange factor found in platelets, leukemic, and neuronal tissues) is a selective guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases (RhoGEFs) that activates RhoA and RhoB but not RhoC, RhoG, Rac1, or Cdc42. ARHGEF3 contains the diffuse B-cell lymphoma homology and pleckstrin homology domains but lacks similarity with other known functional domains. ARHGEF3 also binds the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and subsequently inhibits mTORC2 and Akt. In vivo investigation has also indicated the communication between ARHGEF3 and autophagy-related muscle pathologies. Moreover, studies on genetic variation in ARHGEF3 and genome-wide association studies have predicted exciting novel roles of ARHGEF3 in controlling bone mineral density, platelet formation and differentiation, and Hirschsprung disease. In conclusion, we hypothesized that additional biochemical and functional studies are required to elucidate the detailed mechanism of ARHGEF3-related pathologies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Zobia Umair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Zobia Umair, ; Mee-Sup Yoon,
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Zobia Umair, ; Mee-Sup Yoon,
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16
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Wang J, Yuan L, Xu X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Hong L, Ma J. Rho-GEF Trio regulates osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through Rac1 and RhoA. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1148. [PMID: 34893584 PMCID: PMC8664940 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor. Its high mortality rate and metastasis rate seriously threaten human health. Currently, the treatment has reached a plateau, hence we urgently need to explore new therapeutic directions. In this paper, we found that Trio was highly expressed in osteosarcoma than normal tissues and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, Trio inhibited osteosarcoma cells' osteogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the growth of osteosarcoma in vivo. Given Trio contains two GEF domains, which have been reported as the regulators of RhoGTPases, we further discovered that Trio could regulate osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through activating RhoGTPases. In summary, all our preliminary results showed that Trio could be a potential target and prognostic marker of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lichan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhuan Ma
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Scala M, Nishikawa M, Nagata KI, Striano P. Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Caused by Rac GTPases Dysregulation: What's behind Neuro-RACopathies. Cells 2021; 10:3395. [PMID: 34943902 PMCID: PMC8699292 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate cellular signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics, playing a pivotal role in cell adhesion, migration, and cell cycle progression. The Rac subfamily of Rho GTPases consists of three highly homologous proteins, Rac 1-3. The proper function of Rac1 and Rac3, and their correct interaction with guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are crucial for neural development. Pathogenic variants affecting these delicate biological processes are implicated in different medical conditions in humans, primarily neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In addition to a direct deleterious effect produced by genetic variants in the RAC genes, a dysregulated GTPase activity resulting from an abnormal function of GEFs and GAPs has been involved in the pathogenesis of distinctive emerging conditions. In this study, we reviewed the current pertinent literature on Rac-related disorders with a primary neurological involvement, providing an overview of the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the neuro-RACopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Masashi Nishikawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan; (M.N.); (K.-i.N.)
| | - Koh-ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan; (M.N.); (K.-i.N.)
- Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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18
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Watt AT, Head B, Leonard SW, Tanguay RL, Traber MG. Gene Expression of CRAL_TRIO Family Proteins modulated by Vitamin E Deficiency in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108801. [PMID: 34119630 PMCID: PMC10129037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the impact of vitamin E deficiency on expression of the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) and related CRAL_TRIO genes was undertaken using livers from adult zebrafish based on the hypothesis that increased lipid peroxidation would modulate gene expression. Zebrafish were fed either a vitamin E sufficient (E+) or deficient (E-) diet for 9 months, then fish were euthanized, and livers were harvested. Livers from the E+ relative to E- fish contained 40-times more α-tocopherol (P <0.0001) and one fourth the malondialdehyde (P = 0.0153). RNA was extracted from E+ and E- livers, then subject to evaluation of gene expression of ttpa and other genes of the CRAL_TRIO family, genes of antioxidant markers, and genes related to lipid metabolism. Ttpa expression was not altered by vitamin E status. However, one member of the CRAL_TRIO family, tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 9 gene (ptpn9a), showed a 2.4-fold increase (P = 0.029) in E- relative to E+ livers. Further, we identified that the gene for choline kinase alpha (chka) showed a 3.0-fold increase (P = 0.010) in E- livers. These outcomes are consistent with our previous findings that show vitamin E deficiency increased lipid peroxidation causing increases in phospholipid turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Watt
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Integrative Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Molecular and Cell Biology Program
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
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19
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The RhoGEF Trio: A Protein with a Wide Range of Functions in the Vascular Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810168. [PMID: 34576329 PMCID: PMC8467920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes are controlled by small GTPases, which can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The RhoGEF Trio contains two GEF domains that differentially activate the small GTPases such as Rac1/RhoG and RhoA. These small RhoGTPases are mainly involved in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In the endothelium, they regulate junctional stabilization and play a crucial role in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier integrity. Multiple extracellular signals originating from different vascular processes can influence the activity of Trio and thereby the regulation of the forementioned small GTPases and actin cytoskeleton. This review elucidates how various signals regulate Trio in a distinct manner, resulting in different functional outcomes that are crucial for endothelial cell function in response to inflammation.
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20
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Liaci C, Camera M, Caslini G, Rando S, Contino S, Romano V, Merlo GR. Neuronal Cytoskeleton in Intellectual Disability: From Systems Biology and Modeling to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116167. [PMID: 34200511 PMCID: PMC8201358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a pathological condition characterized by limited intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. It affects 1–3% of the worldwide population, and no pharmacological therapies are currently available. More than 1000 genes have been found mutated in ID patients pointing out that, despite the common phenotype, the genetic bases are highly heterogeneous and apparently unrelated. Bibliomic analysis reveals that ID genes converge onto a few biological modules, including cytoskeleton dynamics, whose regulation depends on Rho GTPases transduction. Genetic variants exert their effects at different levels in a hierarchical arrangement, starting from the molecular level and moving toward higher levels of organization, i.e., cell compartment and functions, circuits, cognition, and behavior. Thus, cytoskeleton alterations that have an impact on cell processes such as neuronal migration, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity rebound on the overall establishment of an effective network and consequently on the cognitive phenotype. Systems biology (SB) approaches are more focused on the overall interconnected network rather than on individual genes, thus encouraging the design of therapies that aim to correct common dysregulated biological processes. This review summarizes current knowledge about cytoskeleton control in neurons and its relevance for the ID pathogenesis, exploiting in silico modeling and translating the implications of those findings into biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Liaci
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Mattia Camera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Giovanni Caslini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Simona Rando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Salvatore Contino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Valentino Romano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giorgio R. Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116706449; Fax: +39-0116706432
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21
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More evidence on TRIO missense mutations in the spectrin repeat domain causing severe developmental delay and recognizable facial dysmorphism with macrocephaly. Neurogenetics 2021; 22:221-224. [PMID: 34013494 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
TRIO is a Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and an important regulator of neuronal development. Most truncating and missense variants affecting the Dbl homology domain of TRIO are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly (MIM617061). Recently, de novo missense variants affecting the spectrin repeat region of TRIO were associated with a novel phenotype comprising severe developmental delay and macrocephaly (MIM618825). Here, we provide more evidence on this new TRIO-associated phenotype by reporting two severely affected probands with de novo missense variants in TRIO affecting the spectrin repeat region upstream of the typically affected GEF1 domain of the protein.
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22
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Johnstone EKM, Abhayawardana RS, See HB, Seeber RM, O'Brien SL, Thomas WG, Pfleger KDG. Complex interactions between the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor and TRIO-dependent signaling partners. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114521. [PMID: 33741329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 (AT1) receptor is involved in AT1 receptor-dependent growth effects and cardiovascular pathologies, however the mechanisms underpinning this transactivation are yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, a potential intermediate of this process was identified following the discovery that a kinase called TRIO was involved in AngII/AT1 receptor-mediated transactivation of EGFR. To investigate the mechanisms by which TRIO acts as an intermediate in AngII/AT1 receptor-mediated EGFR transactivation we used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays to investigate proximity between the AT1 receptor, EGFR, TRIO and other proteins of interest. We found that AngII/AT1 receptor activation caused a Gαq-dependent increase in proximity of TRIO with Gγ2 and the AT1-EGFR heteromer, as well as trafficking of TRIO towards the Kras plasma membrane marker and into early, late and recycling endosomes. In contrast, we found that AngII/AT1 receptor activation caused a Gαq-independent increase in proximity of TRIO with Grb2, GRK2 and PKCζ, as well as trafficking of TRIO up to the plasma membrane from the Golgi. Furthermore, we confirmed the proximity between the AT1 receptor and the EGFR using the Receptor-Heteromer Investigation Technology, which showed AngII-induced recruitment of Grb2, GRK2, PKCζ, Gγ2 and TRIO to the EGFR upon AT1 coexpression. In summary, our results provide further evidence for the existence of the AT1-EGFR heteromer and reveal potential mechanisms by which TRIO contributes to the transactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia.
| | - Rekhati S Abhayawardana
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Heng B See
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Ruth M Seeber
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia; Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Lorimer IAJ. Aberrant Rac pathway signalling in glioblastoma. Small GTPases 2021; 12:81-95. [PMID: 31032735 PMCID: PMC7849730 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1612694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive and incurable form of brain cancer. Both mutation analysis in human glioblastoma and mouse modelling studies have shown that aberrant activation of the PI 3-kinase pathway is a central driver of glioblastoma malignancy. The small GTPase Rac is activated downstream of this pathway, mediating a subset of the effects of aberrant PI 3-kinase pathway activation. Here I discuss the current state of our knowledge on Rac activation mechanisms in glioblastoma. Current knowledge on roles for specific PI 3-kinase pathway responsive Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors in glioblastoma is reviewed. Rac is best known for its role in promoting cell motility and invasion, but there is also evidence for roles in multiple other cellular processes with cancer relevance, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA damage responses, metabolism, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. I review what is known about the role of Rac in these processes in glioblastoma. Finally, I assess possible strategies to inhibit this pathway in glioblastoma through either direct inhibition of Rac or inhibition of upstream activators or downstream mediators of Rac signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian AJ Lorimer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Bircher JE, Koleske AJ. Trio family proteins as regulators of cell migration and morphogenesis in development and disease - mechanisms and cellular contexts. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs248393. [PMID: 33568469 PMCID: PMC7888718 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-studied members of the Trio family of proteins are Trio and kalirin in vertebrates, UNC-73 in Caenorhabditis elegans and Trio in Drosophila Trio proteins are key regulators of cell morphogenesis and migration, tissue organization, and secretion and protein trafficking in many biological contexts. Recent discoveries have linked Trio and kalirin to human disease, including neurological disorders and cancer. The genes for Trio family proteins encode a series of large multidomain proteins with up to three catalytic activities and multiple scaffolding and protein-protein interaction domains. As such, Trio family proteins engage a wide array of cell surface receptors, substrates and interaction partners to coordinate changes in cytoskeletal regulatory and protein trafficking pathways. We provide a comprehensive review of the specific mechanisms by which Trio family proteins carry out their functions in cells, highlight the biological and cellular contexts in which they occur, and relate how alterations in these functions contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie E Bircher
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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25
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Qi L, Zhang Y, Song F, Han Y, Ding Y. A newly identified small molecular compound acts as a protein kinase inhibitor to suppress metastasis of colorectal cancer. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104625. [PMID: 33454506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapy has demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of advanced cancer, and protein kinase inhibitors are a major focus of that therapy; therefore, our study aimed to identify a new protein kinase inhibitor that could be used in the treatment of advanced cancers. METHODS We analyzed the expression profile of colorectal cancer (CRC), combined the driver gene and drug target databases, and identified protein kinase kalirin RhoGEF kinase (kalirin/KALRN) which is related to CRC metastasis. Based on the structure of kalirin, we screened for the small molecular compound ZINC65387069. We first compared the kinase inhibitory activities and molecular properties of ZINC65387069 and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We then determined the effects of ZINC65387069 on the phosphorylation of protein kinase B-Raf. Finally, we determined the effects of ZINC65387069 on migration and apoptosis of HCT116 cells as well as RKO cells. The cell cytoskeleton was also determined. RESULTS Compared with traditional TKIs, ZINC65387069 had stronger kinase inhibitory activity, a simpler structure, higher water solubility, a smaller polar surface area, and lower molecular weight and volume. In CRC cells, ZINC65387069 could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of B-Raf as well as inhibit cell migration, destroy the cell cytoskeleton, and promote cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION ZINC65387069 is a newly identified protein kinase inhibitor that deserves additional research as a lead compound for drug development to help create targeted therapy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fuyao Song
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Onken MD, Blumer KJ, Cooper JA. Uveal melanoma cells use ameboid and mesenchymal mechanisms of cell motility crossing the endothelium. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:413-421. [PMID: 33405963 PMCID: PMC8098856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanomas (UMs) are malignant cancers arising from the pigmented layers of the eye. UM cells spread through the bloodstream, and circulating UM cells are detectable in patients before metastases appear. Extravasation of UM cells is necessary for formation of metastases, and transendothelial migration (TEM) is a key step in extravasation. UM cells execute TEM via a stepwise process involving the actin-based processes of ameboid blebbing and mesenchymal lamellipodial protrusion. UM cancers are driven by oncogenic mutations that activate Gαq/11, and this activates TRIO, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA and Rac1. We found that pharmacologic inhibition of Gαq/11 in UM cells reduced TEM. Inhibition of the RhoA pathway blocked amoeboid motility but led to enhanced TEM; in contrast, inhibition of the Rac1 pathway decreased mesenchymal motility and reduced TEM. Inhibition of Arp2/3 complex allowed cells to transmigrate without intercalation, a direct mechanism similar to the one often displayed by immune cells. BAP1-deficient (+/–) UM subclones displayed motility behavior and increased levels of TEM, similar to the effects of RhoA inhibitors. We conclude that RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways, downstream of oncogenic Gαq/11, combine with pathways regulated by BAP1 to control the motility and transmigration of UM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
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27
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Béganton B, Coyaud E, Laurent EMN, Mangé A, Jacquemetton J, Le Romancer M, Raught B, Solassol J. Proximal Protein Interaction Landscape of RAS Paralogs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113326. [PMID: 33187149 PMCID: PMC7696408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAS paralogs (HRAS, NRAS and KRAS) are of major interest in biology because they are involved in developmental disorders (e.g., Costello and Noonan syndromes) and in a broad variety of human neoplasia. Many research groups have devoted tremendous efforts to deepen our understanding of the RAS proteins functions and regulations, notably through identifying their functional protein partners. However, while most of these studies were focused on pathogenic RAS mutants, much less research has been dedicated to deciphering the normal activities of RAS paralogs. However, such characterization appears as a prerequisite to clearly identify pathogenic features. We delineated and compared the wild type RAS paralogs proximal interactomes. We detected more than 800 RAS high confident proximal interactors, either shared between paralogs or unique, and validated a subset of data through proximity ligation assays-based validation. Our results describe differential interactors enrichment between RAS paralogs and uncover novel ties between RAS signaling and cellular metabolism. We believe that our findings will support further studies aiming at better understanding how RAS paralogs could be differentially involved in discrete cellular processes and could serve as a basis to template oncogenic mechanism investigations. Abstract RAS proteins (KRAS, NRAS and HRAS) are frequently activated in different cancer types (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and bladder cancer). For many years, their activities were considered redundant due to their high degree of sequence homology (80% identity) and their shared upstream and downstream protein partners. However, the high conservation of the Hyper-Variable-Region across mammalian species, the preferential activation of different RAS proteins in specific tumor types and the specific post-translational modifications and plasma membrane-localization of each paralog suggest they could ensure discrete functions. To gain insights into RAS proteins specificities, we explored their proximal protein–protein interaction landscapes using the proximity-dependent biotin identification technology (BioID) in Flp-In T-REx 293 cell lines stably transfected and inducibly expressing wild type KRAS4B, NRAS or HRAS. We identified more than 800 high-confidence proximal interactors, allowing us to propose an unprecedented comparative analysis of wild type RAS paralogs protein networks. These data bring novel information on poorly characterized RAS functions, e.g., its putative involvement in metabolic pathways, and on shared as well as paralog-specific protein networks that could partially explain the complexity of RAS functions. These networks of protein interactions open numerous avenues to better understand RAS paralogs biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Béganton
- CHU Montpellier, Department of Pathology and Onco-Biology, Univ Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- IRCM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-33-58-71
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (E.C.); (E.M.N.L.); (B.R.)
| | - Estelle M. N. Laurent
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (E.C.); (E.M.N.L.); (B.R.)
| | - Alain Mangé
- IRCM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Julien Jacquemetton
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.J.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.J.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Brian Raught
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (E.C.); (E.M.N.L.); (B.R.)
| | - Jérôme Solassol
- CHU Montpellier, Department of Pathology and Onco-Biology, Univ Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- IRCM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France;
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28
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Schultz-Rogers L, Muthusamy K, Pinto E Vairo F, Klee EW, Lanpher B. Novel loss-of-function variants in TRIO are associated with neurodevelopmental disorder: case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:219. [PMID: 33167890 PMCID: PMC7654171 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Damaging variants in TRIO have been associated with moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. While recent work has delineated the positional effect of missense variation on the resulting phenotype, the clinical spectrum associated with loss-of-function variation has yet to be fully defined. Case presentation We report on two probands with novel loss-of-function variants in TRIO. Patient 1 presents with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder and macrocephaly. The TRIO variant is inherited from his affected mother. Patient 2 presents with moderate developmental delays, microcephaly, and cutis aplasia with a frameshift variant of unknown inheritance. Conclusions We describe two patients with neurodevelopmental disorder, macro/microcephaly, and cutis aplasia in one patient. Both patients have loss-of-function variants, helping to further characterize how these types of variants affect the phenotypic spectrum associated with TRIO. We also present the third reported case of autosomal dominant inheritance of a damaging variant in TRIO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brendan Lanpher
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Klems A, van Rijssel J, Ramms AS, Wild R, Hammer J, Merkel M, Derenbach L, Préau L, Hinkel R, Suarez-Martinez I, Schulte-Merker S, Vidal R, Sauer S, Kivelä R, Alitalo K, Kupatt C, van Buul JD, le Noble F. The GEF Trio controls endothelial cell size and arterial remodeling downstream of Vegf signaling in both zebrafish and cell models. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5319. [PMID: 33087700 PMCID: PMC7578835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial networks enlarge in response to increase in tissue metabolism to facilitate flow and nutrient delivery. Typically, the transition of a growing artery with a small diameter into a large caliber artery with a sizeable diameter occurs upon the blood flow driven change in number and shape of endothelial cells lining the arterial lumen. Here, using zebrafish embryos and endothelial cell models, we describe an alternative, flow independent model, involving enlargement of arterial endothelial cells, which results in the formation of large diameter arteries. Endothelial enlargement requires the GEF1 domain of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio and activation of Rho-GTPases Rac1 and RhoG in the cell periphery, inducing F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling, myosin based tension at junction regions and focal adhesions. Activation of Trio in developing arteries in vivo involves precise titration of the Vegf signaling strength in the arterial wall, which is controlled by the soluble Vegf receptor Flt1. Arterial flow regulates artery diameter but other mechanisms may also affect this. Here, the authors show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio and GTPases Rac1 and RhoG, triggers F-actin remodeling in arterial endothelial cells, independent of flow, to enhance lumen diameter in zebrafish and cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Klems
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jos van Rijssel
- Molecular Cell Biology lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne S Ramms
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Raphael Wild
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julia Hammer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melanie Merkel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Derenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laetitia Préau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibnitz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Irina Suarez-Martinez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence, Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany & Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence, Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ramon Vidal
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology & Berlin Institute of Health, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology & Berlin Institute of Health, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Munich, Germany, and DZHK, (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Synaptic Kalirin-7 and Trio Interactomes Reveal a GEF Protein-Dependent Neuroligin-1 Mechanism of Action. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2944-2952.e5. [PMID: 31801062 PMCID: PMC9012321 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RhoGEFs Kalirin-7 and Trio are regulators of synaptic plasticity, and their dysregulation is associated with a range of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Although studies have implicated both Kalirin and Trio in certain diseases, such as tauopathies, they remarkably differ in their association with other disorders. Using unbiased proteomics, we identified interactomes of Kalirin-7 and Trio to ascertain distinct protein association networks associated with their respective function and revealed groups of proteins that preferentially interact with a particular RhoGEF. In comparison, we find Trio interacts with a range of axon guidance and presynaptic complexes, whereas Kalirin-7 associates with several synaptic adhesion molecules. Specifically, we show Kalirin-7 is an interactor of the cell adhesion molecule neuroligin-1 (NLGN1), and NLGN1-dependent synaptic function is mediated through Kalirin-7 in an interaction-dependent manner. Our data reveal not only the interactomes of two important disease-related proteins, but also provide an intracellular effector of NLGN1 function. Paskus et al. use quantitative proteomics to determine the synaptic interactomes of the disease-associated proteins Kalirin-7 and Trio, identifying Kalirin-7 as an interactor of NLGN1. Investigation of this interaction unveils Kalirin-7 as a primary intracellular effector of NLGN1 gain of function.
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31
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Gu J, Yang Z, Yuan L, Guo S, Wang D, Zhao N, Meng L, Liu H, Chen W, Ma J. Rho-GEF trio regulates osteoclast differentiation and function by Rac1/Cdc42. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112265. [PMID: 32898553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many bone diseases result from abnormal bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). Studying OC related regulatory genes is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Rho GTPases have been proven to regulate OC differentiation and function and only mature OCs can carry out bone resorption. Here we demonstrate that Rac1 and Cdc42 exchange factor Triple functional domain (Trio) is critical for bone resorption caused by OCs. In this study, we created LysM-Cre;Triofl/fl conditional knockout mice in which Trio was conditionally ablated in monocytes. LysM-Cre;Triofl/fl mice showed increased bone mass due to impaired bone resorption caused by OCs. Furthermore, our in vitro analysis indicated that Trio conditional deficiency significantly suppressed OC differentiation and function. At the molecular level, Trio deficiency significantly inhibited the expression of genes critical for osteoclastogenesis and OC function. Mechanistically, our researches suggested that perturbed Rac1/Cdc42-PAK1-ERK/p38 signaling could be used to explain the lower ability of bone resorption in CKO mice. Taken together, this study indicates that Trio is a regulator of OCs. Studying the role of Trio in OCs provides a potential new insight for the treatment of OC related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lichan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatatology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223400, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Zhang W, Zheng X, Xie S, Zhang S, Mao J, Cai Y, Lu X, Chen W, Ni H, Xie L. TBOPP enhances the anticancer effect of cisplatin by inhibiting DOCK1 in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1187-1194. [PMID: 32626999 PMCID: PMC7339706 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with chemotherapy remains a challenge; therefore, improving the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying RCC chemoresistance and developing novel therapeutic strategies is important. Dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK1), the first member of the DOCK family to be discovered, displays various roles during tumorigenesis; however, its role during RCC progression is not completely understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the function of DOCK1 and 1‑[2‑(3'‑(trifluoromethyl)‑(1,1'‑biphenyl)‑4‑yl)‑2‑oxoethyl]‑5‑pyrrolidinylsulfonyl‑2 (1H)‑pyridone (TBOPP), a DOCK1‑sensitive inhibitor, during RCC development and chemoresistance. The results of CCK‑8 and EdU assay indicated that TBOPP decreased RCC cell viability and proliferation compared with the control group, and sensitized RCC cells to cisplatin. Moreover, RCC cells with high DOCK1 expression levels displayed increased resistance to cisplatin, whereas DOCK1 knockdown enhanced the lethal effects of cisplatin on RCC cells. Furthermore, the results determined by western blotting, CCK‑8 and cell apoptosis assay indicated that TBOPP effectively reduced DOCK1 expression levels compared with the control group, and the TBOPP‑mediated cisplatin sensitizing effect was mediated by DOCK1 inhibition. The present study suggests that DOCK1 plays a vital role in RCC cell chemoresistance to cisplatin; therefore, TBOPP may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for RCC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Shangzhi Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Jiayan Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Kratzer MC, Becker SFS, Grund A, Merks A, Harnoš J, Bryja V, Giehl K, Kashef J, Borchers A. The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio is required for neural crest cell migration and interacts with Dishevelled. Development 2020; 147:dev.186338. [PMID: 32366678 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Directional migration during embryogenesis and tumor progression faces the challenge that numerous external signals need to converge to precisely control cell movement. The Rho guanine exchange factor (GEF) Trio is especially well suited to relay signals, as it features distinct catalytic domains to activate Rho GTPases. Here, we show that Trio is required for Xenopus cranial neural crest (NC) cell migration and cartilage formation. Trio cell-autonomously controls protrusion formation of NC cells and Trio morphant NC cells show a blebbing phenotype. Interestingly, the Trio GEF2 domain is sufficient to rescue protrusion formation and migration of Trio morphant NC cells. We show that this domain interacts with the DEP/C-terminus of Dishevelled (DVL). DVL - but not a deletion construct lacking the DEP domain - is able to rescue protrusion formation and migration of Trio morphant NC cells. This is likely mediated by activation of Rac1, as we find that DVL rescues Rac1 activity in Trio morphant embryos. Thus, our data provide evidence for a novel signaling pathway, whereby Trio controls protrusion formation of cranial NC cells by interacting with DVL to activate Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Kratzer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sarah F S Becker
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, CU Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Grund
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Merks
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Brno 61265, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Giehl
- Signal Transduction of Cellular Motility, Internal Medicine V, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jubin Kashef
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, 35043 Marburg, Germany .,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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34
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Paskus JD, Herring BE, Roche KW. Kalirin and Trio: RhoGEFs in Synaptic Transmission, Plasticity, and Complex Brain Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:505-518. [PMID: 32513570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the actin cytoskeleton are a primary mechanism mediating the morphological and functional plasticity that underlies learning and memory. The synaptic Ras homologous (Rho) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) Kalirin and Trio have emerged as central regulators of actin dynamics at the synapse. The increased attention surrounding Kalirin and Trio stems from the growing evidence for their roles in the etiology of a wide range of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent findings revealing the unique and diverse functions of these paralog proteins in neurodevelopment, excitatory synaptic transmission, and plasticity. We additionally survey the growing literature implicating these proteins in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D Paskus
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Bruce E Herring
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Maldonado MDM, Medina JI, Velazquez L, Dharmawardhane S. Targeting Rac and Cdc42 GEFs in Metastatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:201. [PMID: 32322580 PMCID: PMC7156542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 have emerged as key players in cancer metastasis, due to their essential roles in regulating cell division and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements; and thus, cell growth, migration/invasion, polarity, and adhesion. This review will focus on the close homologs Rac and Cdc42, which have been established as drivers of metastasis and therapy resistance in multiple cancer types. Rac and Cdc42 are often dysregulated in cancer due to hyperactivation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), belonging to both the diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) and dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) families. Rac/Cdc42 GEFs are activated by a myriad of oncogenic cell surface receptors, such as growth factor receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, cytokine receptors, and integrins; consequently, a number of Rac/Cdc42 GEFs have been implicated in metastatic cancer. Hence, inhibiting GEF-mediated Rac/Cdc42 activation represents a promising strategy for targeted metastatic cancer therapy. Herein, we focus on the role of oncogenic Rac/Cdc42 GEFs and discuss the recent advancements in the development of Rac and Cdc42 GEF-interacting inhibitors as targeted therapy for metastatic cancer, as well as their potential for overcoming cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Julia Isabel Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis Velazquez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Suranganie Dharmawardhane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Rho GTPase Regulators and Effectors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Animal Models and Insights for Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040835. [PMID: 32244264 PMCID: PMC7226772 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases are small G proteins that act as molecular switches shuttling between active and inactive forms. Rho GTPases are regulated by two classes of regulatory proteins, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rho GTPases transduce the upstream signals to downstream effectors, thus regulating diverse cellular processes, such as growth, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. In particular, Rho GTPases play essential roles in regulating neuronal morphology and function. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of Rho GTPase signaling contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been found that 20 genes encoding Rho GTPase regulators and effectors are listed as ASD risk genes by Simons foundation autism research initiative (SFARI). This review summarizes the clinical evidence, protein structure, and protein expression pattern of these 20 genes. Moreover, ASD-related behavioral phenotypes in animal models of these genes are reviewed, and the therapeutic approaches that show successful treatment effects in these animal models are discussed.
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Abstract
Glucose-induced (physiological) insulin secretion from the islet β-cell involves interplay between cationic (i.e., changes in intracellular calcium) and metabolic (i.e., generation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic second messengers) events. A large body of evidence affirms support for novel regulation, by G proteins, of specific intracellular signaling events, including actin cytoskeletal remodeling, transport of insulin-containing granules to the plasma membrane for fusion, and secretion of insulin into the circulation. This article highlights the following aspects of GPCR-G protein biology of the islet. First, it overviews our current understanding of the identity of a wide variety of G protein regulators and their modulatory roles in GPCR-G protein-effector coupling, which is requisite for optimal β-cell function under physiological conditions. Second, it describes evidence in support of novel, noncanonical, GPCR-independent mechanisms of activation of G proteins in the islet. Third, it highlights the evidence indicating that abnormalities in G protein function lead to islet β-cell dysregulation and demise under the duress of metabolic stress and diabetes. Fourth, it summarizes observations of potential beneficial effects of GPCR agonists in preventing/halting metabolic defects in the islet β-cell under various pathological conditions (e.g., metabolic stress and inflammation). Lastly, it identifies knowledge gaps and potential avenues for future research in this evolving field of translational islet biology. Published 2020. Compr Physiol 10:453-490, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research in Diabetes, Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Barbosa S, Greville-Heygate S, Bonnet M, Godwin A, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Kajava AV, Laouteouet D, Mawby R, Wai HA, Dingemans AJ, Hehir-Kwa J, Willems M, Capri Y, Mehta SG, Cox H, Goudie D, Vansenne F, Turnpenny P, Vincent M, Cogné B, Lesca G, Hertecant J, Rodriguez D, Keren B, Burglen L, Gérard M, Putoux A, Cantagrel V, Siquier-Pernet K, Rio M, Banka S, Sarkar A, Steeves M, Parker M, Clement E, Moutton S, Tran Mau-Them F, Piton A, de Vries BB, Guille M, Debant A, Schmidt S, Baralle D, Baralle D. Opposite Modulation of RAC1 by Mutations in TRIO Is Associated with Distinct, Domain-Specific Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:338-355. [PMID: 32109419 PMCID: PMC7058823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) TRIO acts as a key regulator of neuronal migration, axonal outgrowth, axon guidance, and synaptogenesis by activating the GTPase RAC1 and modulating actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Pathogenic variants in TRIO are associated with neurodevelopmental diseases, including intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we report the largest international cohort of 24 individuals with confirmed pathogenic missense or nonsense variants in TRIO. The nonsense mutations are spread along the TRIO sequence, and affected individuals show variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes. In contrast, missense variants cluster into two mutational hotspots in the TRIO sequence, one in the seventh spectrin repeat and one in the RAC1-activating GEFD1. Although all individuals in this cohort present with developmental delay and a neuro-behavioral phenotype, individuals with a pathogenic variant in the seventh spectrin repeat have a more severe ID associated with macrocephaly than do most individuals with GEFD1 variants, who display milder ID and microcephaly. Functional studies show that the spectrin and GEFD1 variants cause a TRIO-mediated hyper- or hypo-activation of RAC1, respectively, and we observe a striking correlation between RAC1 activation levels and the head size of the affected individuals. In addition, truncations in TRIO GEFD1 in the vertebrate model X. tropicalis induce defects that are concordant with the human phenotype. This work demonstrates distinct clinical and molecular disorders clustering in the GEFD1 and seventh spectrin repeat domains and highlights the importance of tight control of TRIO-RAC1 signaling in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diana Baralle
- Wessex Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK; Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Bao L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Cao Q, Huang Y, Chen K, Song Z. The Identification of Key Gene Expression Signature and Biological Pathways in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:1712-1726. [PMID: 32194783 PMCID: PMC7052876 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the potential mechanisms contributing to metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), screen the hub genes, associated pathways of metastatic ccRCC and identify potential biomarkers. Methods: The ccRCC metastasis gene expression profile GSE47352 was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DAVID was performed to assess Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and modules were constructed. The function pathway, prognostic and diagnostic analysis of these hub genes was picked out to estimate their potential effects on metastasis of ccRCC. Results: A total of 873 DEGs were identified (503 upregulated genes and 370 downregulated genes). Meanwhile, top 20 hub genes were displayed. GO analysis showed that the top 20 hub genes were enriched in regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, positive regulation of DNA replication, protein autophosphorylation, protein tyrosine kinase activity, etc. KEGG analysis indicated these hub genes were enriched in the Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Pathways in cancer, etc. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for the hub genes disclosed important biological features of metastatic ccRCC. PPI network showed the interaction of top 20 hub genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that some of the hub genes was associated with metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia cancer and adipogenesis of ccRCC. Some top hub genes were distinctive and new discoveries compared with that of the existing associated researches. Conclusions: Our analysis uncovered that changes in signal pathways such as Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. may be the main signatures of metastatic ccRCC. We identified several candidate biomarkers related with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of ccRCC patients. Accordingly, they might be novel therapeutic targets and used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - ChenChen Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhengshuai Song
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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40
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Kouprina N, Liskovykh M, Petrov N, Larionov V. Human artificial chromosome (HAC) for measuring chromosome instability (CIN) and identification of genes required for proper chromosome transmission. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111805. [PMID: 31877307 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the characteristics of cancer inherent for tumor initiation and progression, which is defined as a persistent, high rate of gain/loss of whole chromosomes. In the vast majority of human tumors the molecular basis of CIN remains unknown. The development of a conceptually simple colony color sectoring assay that measures yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) loss provided a powerful genetic tool to assess the rate of chromosome mis-segregation and also identified 937 yeast genes involved in this process. Similarly, a human artificial chromosome (HAC)-based assay has been recently developed and applied to quantify chromosome mis-segregation events in human cells. This assay allowed identification of novel human CIN genes in the library of protein kinases. Among them are PINK1, TRIO, IRAK1, PNCK, and TAOK1. The HAC-based assay may be applied to screen siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR-based libraries to identify the complete spectrum of CIN genes. This will reveal new insights into mechanisms of chromosome segregation and may expedite the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target the CIN phenotype in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Liskovykh M, Goncharov NV, Petrov N, Aksenova V, Pegoraro G, Ozbun LL, Reinhold WC, Varma S, Dasso M, Kumeiko V, Masumoto H, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V, Kouprina N. A novel assay to screen siRNA libraries identifies protein kinases required for chromosome transmission. Genome Res 2019; 29:1719-1732. [PMID: 31515286 PMCID: PMC6771407 DOI: 10.1101/gr.254276.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is chromosome instability (CIN), which leads to aneuploidy, translocations, and other chromosome aberrations. However, in the vast majority of human tumors the molecular basis of CIN remains unknown, partly because not all genes controlling chromosome transmission have yet been identified. To address this question, we developed an experimental high-throughput imaging (HTI) siRNA assay that allows the identification of novel CIN genes. Our method uses a human artificial chromosome (HAC) expressing the GFP transgene. When this assay was applied to screen an siRNA library of protein kinases, we identified PINK1, TRIO, IRAK1, PNCK, and TAOK1 as potential novel genes whose knockdown induces various mitotic abnormalities and results in chromosome loss. The HAC-based assay can be applied for screening different siRNA libraries (cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, epigenetics, and transcription factors) to identify additional genes involved in CIN. Identification of the complete spectrum of CIN genes will reveal new insights into mechanisms of chromosome segregation and may expedite the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target the CIN phenotype in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690000, Russia
| | - Nikolai Petrov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vasilisa Aksenova
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laurent L. Ozbun
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William C. Reinhold
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690000, Russia
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818d, Japan
| | - William C. Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Laurin M, Gomez NC, Levorse J, Sendoel A, Sribour M, Fuchs E. An RNAi screen unravels the complexities of Rho GTPase networks in skin morphogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:e50226. [PMID: 31556874 PMCID: PMC6768663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, extensive cellular remodeling is needed for tissue morphogenesis. As effectors of cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases and their regulators are likely involved, but their daunting complexity has hindered progress in dissecting their functions. We overcome this hurdle by employing high throughput in utero RNAi-mediated screening to identify key Rho regulators of skin morphogenesis. Our screen unveiled hitherto unrecognized roles for Rho-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling events that impact hair follicle specification, differentiation, downgrowth and planar cell polarity. Coupling our top hit with gain/loss-of-function genetics, interactome proteomics and tissue imaging, we show that RHOU, an atypical Rho, governs the cytoskeletal-junction dynamics that establish columnar shape and planar cell polarity in epidermal progenitors. Conversely, RHOU downregulation is required to remodel to a conical cellular shape that enables hair bud invagination and downgrowth. Our findings underscore the power of coupling screens with proteomics to unravel the physiological significance of complex gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Laurin
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Levorse
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ataman Sendoel
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Megan Sribour
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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43
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Zhang Y. Exploring the autoinhibition mechanism of the C-terminal guanine nucleotide exchange factor module of Trio through molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Katsuno T, Belyantseva IA, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Ohta K, Crump SM, Petralia RS, Ono K, Tona R, Imtiaz A, Rehman A, Kiyonari H, Kaneko M, Wang YX, Abe T, Ikeya M, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Riordan GP, Wilson EA, Fitzgerald TS, Segawa K, Omori K, Ito J, Frolenkov GI, Friedman TB, Kitajiri SI. TRIOBP-5 sculpts stereocilia rootlets and stiffens supporting cells enabling hearing. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128561. [PMID: 31217345 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIOBP remodels the cytoskeleton by forming unusually dense F-actin bundles and is implicated in human cancer, schizophrenia, and deafness. Mutations ablating human and mouse TRIOBP-4 and TRIOBP-5 isoforms are associated with profound deafness, as inner ear mechanosensory hair cells degenerate after stereocilia rootlets fail to develop. However, the mechanisms regulating formation of stereocilia rootlets by each TRIOBP isoform remain unknown. Using 3 new Triobp mouse models, we report that TRIOBP-5 is essential for thickening bundles of F-actin in rootlets, establishing their mature dimensions and for stiffening supporting cells of the auditory sensory epithelium. The coiled-coil domains of this isoform are required for reinforcement and maintenance of stereocilia rootlets. A loss of TRIOBP-5 in mouse results in dysmorphic rootlets that are abnormally thin in the cuticular plate but have increased widths and lengths within stereocilia cores, and causes progressive deafness recapitulating the human phenotype. Our study extends the current understanding of TRIOBP isoform-specific functions necessary for life-long hearing, with implications for insight into other TRIOBPopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Katsuno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Inna A Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shawn M Crump
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazuya Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Tona
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayesha Imtiaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Atteeq Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gavin P Riordan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy S Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kohei Segawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juichi Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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45
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Pallavicini G, Berto GE, Di Cunto F. Precision Revisited: Targeting Microcephaly Kinases in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092098. [PMID: 31035417 PMCID: PMC6539168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme and medulloblastoma are the most frequent high-grade brain tumors in adults and children, respectively. Standard therapies for these cancers are mainly based on surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to treatment occurs almost invariably in the first case, and side effects are unacceptable in the second. Therefore, the development of new, effective drugs is a very important unmet medical need. A critical requirement for developing such agents is to identify druggable targets required for the proliferation or survival of tumor cells, but not of other cell types. Under this perspective, genes mutated in congenital microcephaly represent interesting candidates. Congenital microcephaly comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders in which brain volume is reduced, in the absence or presence of variable syndromic features. Genetic studies have clarified that most microcephaly genes encode ubiquitous proteins involved in mitosis and in maintenance of genomic stability, but the effects of their inactivation are particularly strong in neural progenitors. It is therefore conceivable that the inhibition of the function of these genes may specifically affect the proliferation and survival of brain tumor cells. Microcephaly genes encode for a few kinases, including CITK, PLK4, AKT3, DYRK1A, and TRIO. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating that the inhibition of these molecules could exert beneficial effects on different aspects of brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Gaia E Berto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), 10126 Turin, Italy.
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46
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Kratzer MC, England L, Apel D, Hassel M, Borchers A. Evolution of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors Kalirin and Trio and their gene expression in Xenopus development. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:18-27. [PMID: 30844509 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate Rho GTPases by accelerating their GDP/GTP exchange. Trio and its paralog Kalirin (Kalrn) are unique members of the Rho-GEFs that harbor three catalytic domains: two functional GEF domains and a serine/threonine kinase domain. The N-terminal GEF domain activates Rac1 and RhoG GTPases, while the C-terminal GEF domain acts specifically on RhoA. Trio and Kalrn have an evolutionary conserved function in morphogenetic processes including neuronal development. De novo mutations in TRIO have lately been identified in patients with intellectual disability, suggesting that this protein family plays an important role in development and disease. Phylogenetic and domain analysis revealed that a Kalrn/Trio ancestor originated in Prebilateria and duplicated in Urbilateria to yield Kalrn and Trio. Only few taxa outside the vertebrates retained both of these highly conserved proteins. To obtain first insights into their redundant or distinct functions in a vertebrate model system, we show for the first time a detailed comparative analysis of trio and kalrn expression in Xenopus laevis development. The mRNAs are maternally transcribed and expression increases starting with neurula stages. Trio and kalrn are detected in mesoderm/somites and different neuronal populations in the neural plate/tube and later also in the brain. However, only trio is expressed in migrating neural crest cells, while kalrn expression is detected in the cranial nerves, suggesting distinct functions. Thus, our expression analysis provides a good basis for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Kratzer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura England
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Marburg, Germany
| | - David Apel
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Morphology and Evolution of Invertebrates, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Monika Hassel
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Morphology and Evolution of Invertebrates, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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47
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Par3 is essential for the establishment of planar cell polarity of inner ear hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4999-5008. [PMID: 30814219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816333116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the inner ear sensory epithelia, stereociliary hair bundles atop sensory hair cells are mechanosensory apparatus with planar polarized structure and orientation. This is established during development by the concerted action of tissue-level, intercellular planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling and a hair cell-intrinsic, microtubule-mediated machinery. However, how various polarity signals are integrated during hair bundle morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we show that the conserved cell polarity protein Par3 is essential for planar polarization of hair cells. Par3 deletion in the inner ear disrupted cochlear outgrowth, hair bundle orientation, kinocilium positioning, and basal body planar polarity, accompanied by defects in the organization and cortical attachment of hair cell microtubules. Genetic mosaic analysis revealed that Par3 functions both cell-autonomously and cell-nonautonomously to regulate kinocilium positioning and hair bundle orientation. At the tissue level, intercellular PCP signaling regulates the asymmetric localization of Par3, which in turn maintains the asymmetric localization of the core PCP protein Vangl2. Mechanistically, Par3 interacts with and regulates the localization of Tiam1 and Trio, which are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rac, thereby stimulating Rac-Pak signaling. Finally, constitutively active Rac1 rescued the PCP defects in Par3-deficient cochleae. Thus, a Par3-GEF-Rac axis mediates both tissue-level and hair cell-intrinsic PCP signaling.
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48
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Suster DI, Deshpande V, Chebib I, Taylor MS, Mullen J, Bredella MA, Nielsen GP. Spindle cell liposarcoma with a TRIO-TERT fusion transcript. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:391-394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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49
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Bandekar SJ, Arang N, Tully ES, Tang BA, Barton BL, Li S, Gutkind JS, Tesmer JJG. Structure of the C-terminal guanine nucleotide exchange factor module of Trio in an autoinhibited conformation reveals its oncogenic potential. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/569/eaav2449. [PMID: 30783010 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) module of Trio (TrioC) transfers signals from the Gαq/11 subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins to the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RhoA, enabling Gαq/11-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to control downstream events, such as cell motility and gene transcription. This conserved signal transduction axis is crucial for tumor growth in uveal melanoma. Previous studies indicate that the GEF activity of the TrioC module is autoinhibited, with release of autoinhibition upon Gαq/11 binding. Here, we determined the crystal structure of TrioC in its basal state and found that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain interacts with the Dbl homology (DH) domain in a manner that occludes the Rho GTPase binding site, thereby suggesting the molecular basis of TrioC autoinhibition. Biochemical and biophysical assays revealed that disruption of the autoinhibited conformation destabilized and activated the TrioC module in vitro. Last, mutations in the DH-PH interface found in patients with cancer activated TrioC and, in the context of full-length Trio, led to increased abundance of guanosine triphosphate-bound RhoA (RhoA·GTP) in human cells. These mutations increase mitogenic signaling through the RhoA axis and, therefore, may represent cancer drivers operating in a Gαq/11-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit J Bandekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nadia Arang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ena S Tully
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brittany A Tang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brenna L Barton
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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50
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Backer S, Lokmane L, Landragin C, Deck M, Garel S, Bloch-Gallego E. Trio GEF mediates RhoA activation downstream of Slit2 and coordinates telencephalic wiring. Development 2018; 145:dev.153692. [PMID: 30177526 DOI: 10.1242/dev.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Trio, a member of the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors, activates Rac1 downstream of netrin 1/DCC signalling in axon outgrowth and guidance. Although it has been proposed that Trio also activates RhoA, the putative upstream factors remain unknown. Here, we show that Slit2 induces Trio-dependent RhoA activation, revealing a crosstalk between Slit and Trio/RhoA signalling. Consistently, we found that RhoA activity is hindered in vivo in T rio mutant mouse embryos. We next studied the development of the ventral telencephalon and thalamocortical axons, which have been previously shown to be controlled by Slit2. Remarkably, this analysis revealed that Trio knockout (KO) mice show phenotypes that bear strong similarities to the ones that have been reported in Slit2 KO mice in both guidepost corridor cells and thalamocortical axon pathfinding in the ventral telencephalon. Taken together, our results show that Trio induces RhoA activation downstream of Slit2, and support a functional role in ensuring the proper positioning of both guidepost cells and a major axonal tract. Our study indicates a novel role for Trio in Slit2 signalling and forebrain wiring, highlighting its role in multiple guidance pathways as well as in biological functions of importance for a factor involved in human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Backer
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1016, Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla Lokmane
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, PSL research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Camille Landragin
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1016, Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie Deck
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, PSL research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, PSL research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Bloch-Gallego
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France .,INSERM, U1016, Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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