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Mo S, Zhao Y, Wen J, Sun J, Zhang Z, Yu Q, Wang G, Chen X, Liu M. Efficient photothermal and photodynamic synergistic antibacterial therapy of Cu 7S 4 nanosheets regulated by facet engineering. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128662. [PMID: 35290893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface arrangements of nanomaterials can regulate their electronic structure, which will tune physicochemical properties of materials to various applications. In this study, two Cu7S4 nanosheets with (304) and (224) exposed facets were synthesized, respectively, and their antibacterial activity of different facets for replacing antibiotics to solve seriously drug-resistant bacteria were further measured. Experimental and theoretical computation results unveiled that Cu7S4 with (224) exposed facet exhibited excellent antibacterial activity through synergetic photodynamic and photothermal therapy against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa under near-infrared light (808 nm) irradiation. Furthermore, the antibacterial agents strongly inhibit mouse skin infection by drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. The findings provide an efficient antibacterial strategy and might advance the method of designing and producing highly effective antibacterial nanomaterials through facet engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Mo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jinghong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and the Tianjin key Lab and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Guichang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and the Tianjin key Lab and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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2
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Wang H, You W, Wu B, Nie X, Xia L, Wang C, You YZ. Phenylboronic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles for highly efficient and selective bacterial killing. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2844-2852. [PMID: 35293932 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread use of antibiotics, the number of severe infections caused by unknown pathogens is increasing and novel antibacterial agents with high antibacterial efficiency and selective bacterial killing are urgently needed. In this work, we developed a new kind of functional material based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), whose surfaces were functionalized with phenylboronic acid (AgNPs-PBAn). The phenylboronic acid groups on the surface of AgNPs-PBAn could form covalent bonds with the cis-diol groups of lipopolysaccharide or teichoic acid on the bacterial surface, which highly promoted the interaction between AgNPs-PBAn and bacteria, resulting in a very strong enhancement of their antibacterial action via membrane disruption. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the accumulation of phenylboronic acid-functionalized AgNPs on the bacterial surface is much more than that of the nonfunctionalized AgNPs. Importantly, the antibacterial efficiency of the phenylboronic acid-functionalized AgNPs on a series of bacteria is 32 times higher than that of bare AgNPs. Moreover, AgNPs-PBAn showed a high selectivity toward bacteria with an IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration to mammalian cells) more than 160 times its MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration). In a model of an E. coli-infected wound in vivo, AgNPs-PBAn could effectively kill the bacteria with an accelerated wound healing rate. This study demonstrates that phenylboronic acid surface functionalization is an efficient way to drastically promote the antibacterial activity of AgNPs, improving the selectivity of silver-based nanoparticles against a variety of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wang
- The Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Wei You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xuan Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Lei Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Ye-Zi You
- The Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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3
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Ullah S, Khan SS, Ren Y, Zhang X, Qin M, Xiong X, Krastev R, Jan AU, Liu L, Yuan Q. Near‐infrared laser 808‐nm excitable palladium nano‐dots loaded on graphene oxide hybrid for the antibacterial activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadeeq Ullah
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Shahin S. Khan
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yanru Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xin Xiong
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
| | - Rumen Krastev
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry Reutlingen University Reutlingen Germany
| | - Amin U. Jan
- Department of Biotechnology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Upper Dir, KPK 18300 Pakistan
| | - Luo Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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4
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Kubota KA, Wolfgang WJ, Baker DJ, Boxrud D, Turner L, Trees E, Carleton HA, Gerner-Smidt P. PulseNet and the Changing Paradigm of Laboratory-Based Surveillance for Foodborne Diseases. Public Health Rep 2020; 134:22S-28S. [PMID: 31682558 PMCID: PMC6832030 DOI: 10.1177/0033354919881650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PulseNet, the National Molecular Subtyping Network for Foodborne Disease Surveillance, was established in 1996 through a collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service; the US Food and Drug Administration; 4 state public health laboratories; and the Association of Public Health Laboratories. The network has since expanded to include 83 state, local, and food regulatory public health laboratories. In 2016, PulseNet was estimated to be helping prevent an estimated 270 000 foodborne illnesses annually. PulseNet is undergoing a transformation toward whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which provides better discriminatory power and precision than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). WGS improves the detection of outbreak clusters and could replace many traditional reference identification and characterization methods. This article highlights the contributions made by public health laboratories in transforming PulseNet's surveillance and describes how the transformation is changing local and national surveillance practices. Our data show that WGS is better at identifying clusters than PFGE, especially for clonal organisms such as Salmonella Enteritidis. The need to develop prioritization schemes for cluster follow-up and additional resources for both public health laboratory and epidemiology departments will be critical as PulseNet implements WGS for foodborne disease surveillance in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A Kubota
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Food Safety Program, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - William J Wolfgang
- New York State Department of Health, Bacteriology Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Deborah J Baker
- New York State Department of Health, Bacteriology Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David Boxrud
- Public Health Laboratory Division, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lauren Turner
- Virginia Department of General Services, Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eija Trees
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Food Safety Program, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Heather A Carleton
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Gerner-Smidt
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Lee MM, Xu W, Zheng L, Yu B, Leung AC, Kwok RT, Lam JW, Xu FJ, Wang D, Tang BZ. Ultrafast discrimination of Gram-positive bacteria and highly efficient photodynamic antibacterial therapy using near-infrared photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Biomaterials 2020; 230:119582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Fang G, Li W, Shen X, Perez-Aguilar JM, Chong Y, Gao X, Chai Z, Chen C, Ge C, Zhou R. Differential Pd-nanocrystal facets demonstrate distinct antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Nat Commun 2018; 9:129. [PMID: 29317632 PMCID: PMC5760645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Noble metal-based nanomaterials have shown promise as potential enzyme mimetics, but the facet effect and underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, with a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we unveil that palladium (Pd) nanocrystals exhibit facet-dependent oxidase and peroxidase-like activities that endow them with excellent antibacterial properties via generation of reactive oxygen species. The antibacterial efficiency of Pd nanocrystals against Gram-positive bacteria is consistent with the extent of their enzyme-like activity, that is {100}-faceted Pd cubes with higher activities kill bacteria more effectively than {111}-faceted Pd octahedrons. Surprisingly, a reverse trend of antibacterial activity is observed against Gram-negative bacteria, with Pd octahedrons displaying stronger penetration into bacterial membranes than Pd nanocubes, thereby exerting higher antibacterial activity than the latter. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of facet-dependent enzyme-like activities and might advance the development of noble metal-based nanomaterials with both enhanced and targeted antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Fang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaomei Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | | | - Yu Chong
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xingfa Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Cuicui Ge
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA.
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8
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Huo S, Jiang Y, Gupta A, Jiang Z, Landis R, Hou S, Liang XJ, Rotello VM. Fully Zwitterionic Nanoparticle Antimicrobial Agents through Tuning of Core Size and Ligand Structure. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8732-7. [PMID: 27622756 PMCID: PMC5848071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic nanoparticles are generally considered nontoxic and noninteracting. Here, we report effective and selective antimicrobial activity of zwitterionic gold nanoparticles (AuNP) through modulation NP size and surface charge orientation. Using a set of 2, 4, and 6 nm core AuNPs, increasing particle size increased antimicrobial efficiency through bacterial membrane disruption. Further improvement was observed through control of the ligand structure, generating antimicrobial particles with low hemolytic activity and demonstrating the importance of size and surface structure in dictating the bioactivity properties of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidong Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Akash Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ziwen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ryan Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Singyuk Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Address correspondence to and
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Address correspondence to and
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Abstract
This article examines the role of genomics in the understanding and identification of O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). We highlight the development of novel molecular typing systems that are based on the genomic sequence that has been generated for this pathotype. The genomic comparisons of EHEC to other E. coli strains highlight the close relatedness of the O157 and O55 isolates and also identify other non-O157 clades of isolates that appear to have a different genomic history. Analysis within the EHEC isolates must be completed on a fine scale using whole-genome sequence-based approaches to assess both the conserved and lateral acquired gene content. The plethora of genomic data for EHEC isolates has provided the ability to examine this pathotype in detail, which has provided opportunities for novel surveillance, detection, and diagnostics.
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10
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The Impact of Molecular Diagnostics on Surveillance of Foodborne Infections. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Griffing SM, MacCannell DR, Schmidtke AJ, Freeman MM, Hyytiä-Trees E, Gerner-Smidt P, Ribot EM, Bono JL. Canonical Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for High-Resolution Subtyping of Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131967. [PMID: 26132731 PMCID: PMC4488506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a canonical, parsimoniously-informative SNP panel for subtyping Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 that would be consistent with epidemiological, PFGE, and MLVA clustering of human specimens. Our group had previously identified 906 putative discriminatory SNPs, which were pared down to 391 SNPs based on their prevalence in a test set. The 391 SNPs were screened using a high-throughput form of TaqMan PCR against a set of clinical isolates that represent the most diverse collection of O157:H7 isolates from outbreaks and sporadic cases examined to date. Another 30 SNPs identified by others were also screened using the same method. Two additional targets were tested using standard TaqMan PCR endpoint analysis. These 423 SNPs were reduced to a 32 SNP panel with the almost the same discriminatory value. While the panel partitioned our diverse set of isolates in a manner that was consistent with epidemiological data and PFGE and MLVA phylogenies, it resulted in fewer subtypes than either existing method and insufficient epidemiological resolution in 10 of 47 clusters. Therefore, another round of SNP discovery was undertaken using comparative genomic resequencing of pooled DNA from the 10 clusters with insufficient resolution. This process identified 4,040 potential SNPs and suggested one of the ten clusters was incorrectly grouped. After its removal, there were 2,878 SNPs, of which only 63 were previously identified and 438 occurred across multiple clusters. Among highly clonal bacteria like STEC O157:H7, linkage disequilibrium greatly limits the number of parsimoniously informative SNPs. Therefore, it is perhaps unsurprising that our panel accounted for the potential discriminatory value of numerous other SNPs reported in the literature. We concluded published O157:H7 SNPs are insufficient for effective epidemiological subtyping. However, the 438 multi-cluster SNPs we identified may provide the additional information required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Griffing
- PulseNet Next Generation Subtyping Methods Unit, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Duncan R. MacCannell
- PulseNet Next Generation Subtyping Methods Unit, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amber J. Schmidtke
- PulseNet Next Generation Subtyping Methods Unit, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Molly M. Freeman
- PulseNet Next Generation Subtyping Methods Unit, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eija Hyytiä-Trees
- PulseNet Next Generation Subtyping Methods Unit, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peter Gerner-Smidt
- PulseNet Next Generation Subtyping Methods Unit, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Efrain M. Ribot
- PulseNet Next Generation Subtyping Methods Unit, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James L. Bono
- United States Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Global multilocus sequence typing analysis of Mycoplasma bovis isolates reveals two main population clusters. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 53:789-94. [PMID: 25540400 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01910-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a major bovine pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease complex and is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. M. bovis is also associated with other clinical presentations in cattle, including mastitis, otitis, arthritis, and reproductive disorders. To gain a better understanding of the genetic diversity of this pathogen, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed and applied to the characterization of 137 M. bovis isolates from diverse geographical origins, obtained from healthy or clinically infected cattle. After in silico analysis, a final set of 7 housekeeping genes was selected (dnaA, metS, recA, tufA, atpA, rpoD, and tkt). MLST analysis demonstrated the presence of 35 different sequence types (STs) distributed in two main clonal complexes (CCs), defined at the double-locus variant level, namely, CC1, which included most of the British and German isolates, and CC2, which was a more heterogeneous and geographically distant group of isolates, including European, Asian, and Australian samples. Index of association analysis confirmed the clonal nature of the investigated M. bovis population, based on MLST data. This scheme has demonstrated high discriminatory power, with the analysis showing the presence of genetically distant and divergent clusters of isolates predominantly associated with geographical origins.
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13
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Golab N, Khaki P, Noorbakhsh F. Molecular Typing of Salmonella Isolates in Poultry by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Chen W, Li Q, Zheng W, Hu F, Zhang G, Wang Z, Zhang D, Jiang X. Identification of Bacteria in Water by a Fluorescent Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Chen W, Li Q, Zheng W, Hu F, Zhang G, Wang Z, Zhang D, Jiang X. Identification of Bacteria in Water by a Fluorescent Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13734-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Eppinger M, Cebula TA. Future perspectives, applications and challenges of genomic epidemiology studies for food-borne pathogens: A case study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of the O157:H7 serotype. Gut Microbes 2014; 6:194-201. [PMID: 25483335 PMCID: PMC4615391 DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.969979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The shiga-toxin (Stx)-producing human pathogen Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a highly pathogenic subgroup of Stx-producing E. coli (STEC) with food-borne etiology and bovine reservoir. Each year in the U. S., approximately 100,000 patients are infected with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) of the O157:H7 serotype. This food-borne pathogen is a global public health threat responsible for widespread outbreaks of human disease. Since its initial discovery in 1982, O157:H7 has rapidly become the dominant EHEC serotype in North America. Hospitalization rates among patients as high as 50% have been reported for severe outbreaks of human disease. Symptoms of disease can rapidly deteriorate and progress to life-threatening complications such as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), the leading cause of kidney failure in children, or Hemorrhagic Colitis. In depth understanding of the genomic diversity that exists among currently circulating EHEC populations has broad applications for improved molecular-guided biosurveillance, outbreak preparedness, diagnostic risk assessment, and development of alternative toxin-suppressing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eppinger
- Department of Biology; The University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX, USA,South Texas Center For Emerging Infectious Diseases; The University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX, USA,Correspondence to: Mark Eppinger;
| | - Thomas A Cebula
- Department of Biology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA,CosmosID; Fairfax, VA, USA
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17
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Green AL, Seys S, Douris A, Levine J, Robertson K. Factors Associated with Regulatory Action Involving Investigation of Illnesses Associated with Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Products Regulated by the Food Safety and Inspection Service. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:568-73. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. Green
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Scott Seys
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aphrodite Douris
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jeoff Levine
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kis Robertson
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
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19
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of molecular typing methods for major food‐borne microbiological hazards and their use for attribution modelling, outbreak investigation and scanning surveillance: Part 1 (evaluation of methods and applications). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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20
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Comparative analysis of Shigella sonnei biotype g isolated from paediatric populations in Egypt, 1999-2005. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:1614-24. [PMID: 22989417 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain characteristics of 51 Shigella sonnei isolates obtained from children seeking medical care (MC) and 48 isolates recovered during a prospective diarrhoea birth cohort (BC) study were compared. Biochemical characterization and antibiotic susceptibility testing determined that all S. sonnei isolates were biotype g and multidrug-resistant. Plasmid profiling identified 15 closely related patterns and XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the high degree of genetic similarity between isolates. All S. sonnei isolates harboured ipaH and class II integrase genes and 84∙3 and 80% of the MC and BC isolates, respectively carried the sen gene. Neither the class I integrase nor the set gene was detected. Our results indicate that S. sonnei isolates associated with severe diarrhoea were indistinguishable from those associated with mild diarrhoea. Additional genetic tests with greater discrimination might offer an opportunity to determine genetic differences within the globally disseminating biotype g clone.
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So HC, Pearl DL, von Königslöw T, Louie M, Chui L, Svenson LW. Spatio-Temporal Scan Statistics for the Detection of Outbreaks Involving Common Molecular Subtypes: Using Human Cases ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 Provincial PFGE Pattern 8 (National Designation ECXAI.0001) in Alberta as an Example. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 60:341-8. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Dynamics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak detection and investigation, Minnesota 2000-2008. Epidemiol Infect 2011; 140:1430-8. [PMID: 22093879 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268811002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters that predict their being solved (i.e. that result in identification of a confirmed outbreak). Clusters were investigated by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) using a dynamic iterative model. During 2000-2008, 19 (23%) of 84 clusters were solved. Clusters of ≥3 isolates were more likely to be solved than clusters of two isolates. Clusters in which the first two case isolates were received at MDH on the same day were more likely to be solved than were clusters in which the first two case isolates were received over ≥8 days. Investigation of clusters of ≥3 E. coli O157:H7 cases increased the success of cluster investigations.
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Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance in Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii strains isolated from children aged <5 years in Egypt. Epidemiol Infect 2011; 140:299-310. [PMID: 21470441 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268811000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity within Shigella dysenteriae (n=40) and Shigella boydii (n=30) isolates from children living in Egypt aged <5 years was investigated. Shigella-associated diarrhoea occurred mainly in summer months and in children aged <3 years, it commonly presented with vomiting and fever. Serotypes 7 (30%), 2 (28%), and 3 (23%) accounted for most of S. dysenteriae isolates; 50% of S. boydii isolates were serotype 2. S. dysenteriae and S. boydii isolates were often resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (42%, 17%, respectively), although resistance varied among serotypes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis separated the isolates into distinct clusters correlating with species and serotype. Genetic differences in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and β-lactam-encoding resistance genes were also evident. S. dysenteriae and S. boydii are genetically diverse pathogens in Egypt; the high level of multidrug resistance associated with both pathogens and resistance to the most available inexpensive antibiotics underlines the importance of continuing surveillance.
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Genome signatures of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from the bovine host reservoir. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2916-25. [PMID: 21421787 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02554-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle comprise a main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC). The significant differences in host prevalence, transmissibility, and virulence phenotypes among strains from bovine and human sources are of major interest to the public health community and livestock industry. Genomic analysis revealed divergence into three lineages: lineage I and lineage I/II strains are commonly associated with human disease, while lineage II strains are overrepresented in the asymptomatic bovine host reservoir. Growing evidence suggests that genotypic differences between these lineages, such as polymorphisms in Shiga toxin subtypes and synergistically acting virulence factors, are correlated with phenotypic differences in virulence, host ecology, and epidemiology. To assess the genomic plasticity on a genome-wide scale, we have sequenced the whole genome of strain EC869, a bovine-associated E. coli O157:H7 isolate. Comparative phylogenomic analysis of this key isolate enabled us to place accurately bovine lineage II strains within the genetically homogenous E. coli O157:H7 clade. Identification of polymorphic loci that are anchored both in the chromosomal backbone and horizontally acquired regions allowed us to associate bovine genotypes with altered virulence phenotypes and host prevalence. This study catalogued numerous novel lineage II-specific genome signatures, some of which appear to be associated intimately with the altered pathogenic potential and niche adaptation within the bovine rumen. The presented extended list of polymorphic markers is valuable in the development of a robust typing system critical for forensic, diagnostic, and epidemiological studies of this emerging human pathogen.
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Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis: Laboratory and Epidemiologic Considerations for Interpretation of Data. Mol Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816834.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Li J, Smith K, Kaehler D, Everstine K, Rounds J, Hedberg C. Evaluation of a statewide foodborne illness complaint surveillance system in Minnesota, 2000 through 2006. J Food Prot 2010; 73:2059-64. [PMID: 21219718 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.11.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne outbreaks are detected by recognition of similar illnesses among persons with a common exposure or by identification of case clusters through pathogen-specific surveillance. PulseNet USA has created a national framework for pathogen-specific surveillance, but no comparable effort has been made to improve surveillance of consumer complaints of suspected foodborne illness. The purpose of this study was to characterize the complaint surveillance system in Minnesota and to evaluate its use for detecting outbreaks. Minnesota Department of Health foodborne illness surveillance data from 2000 through 2006 were analyzed for this study. During this period, consumer complaint surveillance led to detection of 79% of confirmed foodborne outbreaks. Most norovirus infection outbreaks were detected through complaints. Complaint surveillance also directly led or contributed to detection of 25% of salmonellosis outbreaks. Eighty-one percent of complainants did not seek medical attention. The number of ill persons in a complainant's party was significantly associated with a complaint ultimately resulting in identification of a foodborne outbreak. Outbreak confirmation was related to a complainant's ability to identify a common exposure and was likely related to the process by which the Minnesota Department of Health chooses complaints to investigate. A significant difference (P < 0.001) was found in incubation periods between complaints that were outbreak associated (median, 27 h) and those that were not outbreak associated (median, 6 h). Complaint systems can be used to detect outbreaks caused by a variety of pathogens. Case detection for foodborne disease surveillance in Minnesota happens through a multitude of mechanisms. The ability to integrate these mechanisms and carry out rapid investigations leads to improved outbreak detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Li
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Lanier WA, Leeper MM, Smith KE, Tillman GE, Holt KG, Gerner-Smidt P. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Subtypes of Shiga Toxin–ProducingEscherichia coliO157 Isolated from Ground Beef and Humans, United States, 2001–2006. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:1075-82. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Lanier
- Office of Field Operations, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Canby, Oregon
- Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Molly M. Leeper
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kirk E. Smith
- Acute Disease Investigation and Control Section, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Glenn E. Tillman
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kristin G. Holt
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Gerner-Smidt
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cobbold RN, Davis MA, Rice DH, Szymanski M, Tarr PI, Besser TE, Hancock DD. Associations between bovine, human, and raw milk, and beef isolates of non-O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli within a restricted geographic area of the United States. J Food Prot 2008; 71:1023-7. [PMID: 18522040 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.5.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A survey for Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk and beef was conducted within a defined geographic region of the United States. Prevalence rates based on detection of Shiga toxin gene (stx) were 36% for retail beef, 23% for beef carcasses, and 21% for raw milk samples, which were significantly higher than were Shiga toxigenic E. coli isolation rates of 7.5, 5.8, and 3.2%, respectively. Seasonal prevalence differences were significant for stx positivity among ground beef and milk samples. Distribution of stx subtypes among isolates varied according to sample type, with stx1 predominating in milk, stx2 on carcasses, and the combination of both stx1 and stx2 in beef. Ancillary virulence markers eae and ehx were evident in 23 and 15% of isolates, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated associations between food isolates and sympatric bovine fecal, and human clinical isolates. These data demonstrate that non-O157 Shiga toxigenic E. coli is present in the food chain in the Pacific Northwest, and its risk to health warrants critical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Cobbold
- Field Disease Investigation Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6610, USA.
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29
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Heinikainen S, Pohjanvirta T, Eklund M, Siitonen A, Pelkonen S. Tracing shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli O103, O145, and O174 infections from farm residents to cattle. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3817-20. [PMID: 17804658 PMCID: PMC2168472 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00198-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe diarrheal infections caused by Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli O103:H2:stx(1):eae-epsilon:ehx, O145:H28:stx(1):eae-gamma:ehx (two cases in a family), and O174:H21:stx(2c) in farm residents were traced to cattle. Molecular methods were applied to the isolation and characterization of the strains. The causative strains were also isolated from cattle samples 1 or 4 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Heinikainen
- Department of Animal Diseases and Food Safety Research, Evira, Finnish Food Safety Authority, Kuopio Research Unit, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland.
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30
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Cobbold RN, Hancock DD, Rice DH, Berg J, Stilborn R, Hovde CJ, Besser TE. Rectoanal junction colonization of feedlot cattle by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its association with supershedders and excretion dynamics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1563-8. [PMID: 17220263 PMCID: PMC1828767 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01742-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedlot cattle were observed for fecal excretion of and rectoanal junction (RAJ) colonization with Escherichia coli O157:H7 to identify potential "supershedders." RAJ colonization and fecal excretion prevalences were correlated, and E. coli O157:H7 prevalences and counts were significantly greater for RAJ samples. Based on a comparison of RAJ and fecal ratios of E. coli O157:H7/E. coli counts, the RAJ appears to be preferentially colonized by the O157:H7 serotype. Five supershedders were identified based on persistent colonization with high concentrations of E. coli O157:H7. Cattle copenned with supershedders had significantly greater mean pen E. coli O157:H7 RAJ and fecal prevalences than noncopenned cattle. Cumulative fecal E. coli O157:H7 excretion was also significantly higher for pens housing a supershedder. E. coli O157:H7/E. coli count ratios were higher for supershedders than for other cattle, indicating greater proportional colonization. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that isolates from supershedders and copenned cattle were highly related. Cattle that remained negative for E. coli O157:H7 throughout sampling were five times more likely to have been in a pen that did not house a supershedder. The data from this study support an association between levels of fecal excretion of E. coli O157:H7 and RAJ colonization in pens of feedlot cattle and suggest that the presence of supershedders influences group-level excretion parameters. An improved understanding of individual and population transmission dynamics of E. coli O157:H7 can be used to develop preslaughter- and slaughter-level interventions that reduce contamination of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowland N Cobbold
- Field Disease Investigation Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6610, USA.
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31
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Sandt CH, Krouse DA, Cook CR, Hackman AL, Chmielecki WA, Warren NG. The key role of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in investigation of a large multiserotype and multistate food-borne outbreak of Salmonella infections centered in Pennsylvania. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3208-12. [PMID: 16954249 PMCID: PMC1594743 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01404-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five different serotypes of Salmonella enterica were implicated in a large outbreak linked to fresh Roma tomatoes served at gas station deli counters in Pennsylvania and nearby states during July 2004: S. enterica serotypes Javiana, Anatum, Thompson, Typhimurium, and Muenchen. One of these serotypes, Anatum, was isolated from both tomatoes and patients. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) played a key role in identifying the outbreak-associated isolates and distinguishing them from unrelated sporadic isolates. It also demonstrated that the genetic fingerprints of serotype Anatum isolates derived from patients were indistinguishable from those derived from tomatoes. Rapid communication of PFGE fingerprints with other public health laboratories through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's PulseNet USA national molecular surveillance network for bacterial food-borne pathogens facilitated the tracking of this outbreak in other states. The work described in this report emphasizes the laboratory's role in core public health functions and services, thereby providing a highly visible example of public health in action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Sandt
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Bureau of Laboratories, Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, 110 Pickering Way, Lionville, 19353, USA.
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Beutin L. Emerging enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, causes and effects of the rise of a human pathogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:299-305. [PMID: 16930272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) [Verotoxin (VT)]-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), also called enterohaemorrhagic E. coli or VTEC are emerging zoonotic agents and became most important as human pathogens, particularly in the industrialized countries. Production of cytotoxins, also called Stx or VT, is the major pathogenicity determinant of STEC, which can cause life-threatening haemorrhagic diseases in humans. The spectrum of STEC phenotypes is diverse and domestic and wildlife animals constitute important reservoirs for these bacteria. STEC are spread from animal faeces to the environment, water and food. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuff and water, as well as contact with the environment, STEC-excreting animals or humans are the major sources of human infection. Economical changes in animal and food production, alteration of consumer habits and lack of specific immune response, particularly in urbanized populations, have contributed to the recent spread of STEC as a zoonotic agent. Supranational surveillance networks as well as national reference laboratories as sentinels play an important role in the prevention and control of STEC infections in humans. Development of new vaccines and probiotics may serve as future tools to control the spread of STEC in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beutin
- National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (NRL-E.coli), Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D-12277 Berlin, Germany.
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Kim S, Frye JG, Hu J, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Gautom R, Boyle DS. Multiplex PCR-based method for identification of common clinical serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3608-15. [PMID: 16943358 PMCID: PMC1594780 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00701-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiplex PCR method has been developed to differentiate between the most common clinical serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica encountered in Washington State and the United States in general. Six genetic loci from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and four from S. enterica serovar Typhi were used to create an assay consisting of two five-plex PCRs. The assays gave reproducible results with 30 different serotypes that represent the most common clinical isolates of S. enterica subsp. enterica. Of these, 22 serotypes gave unique amplification patterns compared with each other and the other 8 serotypes were grouped into four pairs. These were further resolved by two additional PCRs. We compared the data from PCR serotyping with conventional serotyping and found that PCR serotyping was nearly as discriminatory as conventional serotyping was. The results from a blind test screening 111 clinical isolates revealed that 97% were correctly identified using the multiplex PCR assay. The assay can be easily performed on multiple samples with final results in less than 5 h and, in conjunction with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, forms a very robust test method for the molecular subtyping of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghan Kim
- Washington State Department. of Health, Public Health Laboratories, 1610 NE 150th St., Shoreline, WA 98155-7224, USA
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Zhao S, McDermott PF, Friedman S, Abbott J, Ayers S, Glenn A, Hall-Robinson E, Hubert SK, Harbottle H, Walker RD, Chiller TM, White DG. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among Salmonella from retail foods of animal origin: NARMS retail meat surveillance. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:106-17. [PMID: 16602986 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella isolates were recovered from a monthly sampling of chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops purchased from selected grocery stores in six participating FoodNet sites (Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and Tennessee) in 2002 and an additional two sites in 2003 (California and New York). In 2002 and 2003, a total of 6,046 retail meats were examined, including 1,513 chicken breasts, 1,499 ground turkey samples, 1,522 ground beef samples, and 1,502 pork chops. Retail meat samples tested increased to 3,533 in 2003 as compared to 2,513 in 2002. Overall, six percent of 6,046 retail meat samples (n = 365) were contaminated with Salmonella, the bulk recovered from either ground turkey (52%) or chicken breast (39%). Salmonella isolates were serotyped and susceptibility tested using a panel of 16 antimicrobial agents. S. Heidelberg was the predominant serotype identified (23%), followed by S. Saintpaul (12%), S. Typhimurium (11%), and S. Kentucky (10%). Overall, resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (40%), streptomycin (37%), ampicillin (26%), and sulfamethoxazole (25%). Twelve percent of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and ceftiofur, though only one isolate was resistant to ceftriaxone. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin and ciprofloxacin; however, 3% of isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and were almost exclusive to ground turkey samples (n = 11/12). All Salmonella isolates were analyzed for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns generated by digestion with Xba1 or Xba1 plus Bln1. PFGE fingerprinting profiles showed that Salmonella, in general, were genetically diverse with a total of 175 Xba1 PFGE profiles generated from the 365 isolates. PFGE profiles showed good correlation with serotypes and in some instances, antimicrobial resistance profiles. Results demonstrated a varied spectrum of antimicrobial resistance and PFGE patterns, including several multidrug resistant clonal groups among Salmonella isolates, and signify the importance of sustained surveillance of foodborne pathogens in retail meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
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Hedberg CW, Besser JM. Commentary: cluster evaluation, PulseNet, and public health practice. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:32-5. [PMID: 16602977 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Hedberg
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Gerner-Smidt P, Hise K, Kincaid J, Hunter S, Rolando S, Hyytiä-Trees E, Ribot EM, Swaminathan B. PulseNet USA: a five-year update. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:9-19. [PMID: 16602975 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PulseNet USA is the molecular surveillance network for foodborne infections in the United States. Since its inception in 1996, it has been instrumental in detection, investigation and control of numerous outbreaks caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:[H7] (STEC O157), Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella spp., and Campylobacter. This paper describes the current status of the network, including the methodologies used and its future possibilities. The currently preferred subtyping method in the network is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), a proven highly discriminatory molecular subtyping method. New simpler sequencebased subtyping methods are under development and validation to complement and eventually replace PFGE. PulseNet is essentially a cluster detection network, but the data in the system will now also be used in attribution analyses of sporadic infections. The PulseNet platform will also be used as a primary tool in preparedness and response to acts of food bioterrorism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gerner-Smidt
- Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA.
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Bielaszewska M, Prager R, Zhang W, Friedrich AW, Mellmann A, Tschäpe H, Karch H. Chromosomal dynamism in progeny of outbreak-related sorbitol-fermenting enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:NM. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:1900-9. [PMID: 16517637 PMCID: PMC1393231 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.3.1900-1909.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorbitol-fermenting (SF) enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:NM (nonmotile) is a unique clone that causes outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. In well-defined clusters of cases, we have observed significant variability in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns which could indicate coinfection by different strains. An analysis of randomly selected progeny colonies of an outbreak strain after subcultivation demonstrated that they displayed either the cognate PFGE outbreak pattern or one of four additional patterns and were <89% similar. These profound alterations were associated with changes in the genomic position of one of two Shiga toxin 2-encoding genes (stx2) in the outbreak strain or with the loss of this gene. The two stx2 alleles in the outbreak strain were identical but were flanked with phage-related sequences with only 77% sequence identity. Neither of these phages produced plaques, but one lysogenized E. coli K-12 and integrated in yecE in the lysogens and the wild-type strain. The presence of two stx2 genes which correlated with increased production of Stx2 in vitro but not with the clinical outcome of infection was also found in 14 (21%) of 67 SF EHEC O157:NM isolates from sporadic cases of human disease. The variability of PFGE patterns for the progeny of a single colony must be considered when interpreting PFGE patterns in SF EHEC O157-associated outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bielaszewska
- Institut für Hygiene, Universität Münster, Robert Koch Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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38
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Barrett TJ, Gerner-Smidt P, Swaminathan B. Interpretation of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Patterns in Foodborne Disease Investigations and Surveillance. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:20-31. [PMID: 16602976 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the establishment of the well-known Tenover criteria in 1995 (Tenover et al., 1995), relatively few papers have been published about the interpretation of subtyping data generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This paper describes the approach that has been used in the PulseNet network during the past 10 years. PFGE data must always be interpreted in the proper epidemiological context and PFGE data can not alone prove an epidemiological connection. The Tenover criteria are not generally applicable to the interpretation of PFGE subtyping data of foodborne pathogens. The reproducibility of the method with a particular organism, the quality of the PFGE gel, the variability of the organism being subtyped, and the prevalence of the pattern in question must always be considered. Only isolates displaying indistinguishable patterns should be included in the detection of clusters of infections or the initial case definition in a point-source outbreak. More variability (patterns differing from each other in two to three band positions) may be accepted if the outbreak has been going on for some time or if person-person spread is a prominent feature. If epidemiological information is sufficiently strong, isolates with markedly different PFGE patterns may be included in an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Barrett
- Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA.
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39
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Ribot EM, Fair MA, Gautom R, Cameron DN, Hunter SB, Swaminathan B, Barrett TJ. Standardization of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols for the Subtyping ofEscherichia coliO157:H7,Salmonella, andShigellafor PulseNet. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:59-67. [PMID: 16602980 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1296] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardized rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella serotypes, and Shigella species are described. These protocols are used by laboratories in PulseNet, a network of state and local health departments, and other public health laboratories that perform real-time PFGE subtyping of these bacterial foodborne pathogens for surveillance and outbreak investigations. Development and standardization of these protocols consisted of a thorough optimization of reagents and reaction conditions to ensure that the protocols yielded consistent results and high-quality PFGE pattern data in all the PulseNet participating laboratories. These rapid PFGE protocols are based on the original 3-4-day standardized procedure developed at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that was validated in 1996 and 1997 by eight independent laboratories. By using these rapid standardized PFGE protocols, PulseNet laboratories are able to subtype foodborne pathogens in approximately 24 h, allowing for the early detection of foodborne disease case clusters and often aiding in the identification of the source responsible for the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain M Ribot
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Swaminathan B, Gerner-Smidt P, Barrett T. Foodborne Disease Trends and Reports. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2005; 2:285-6. [PMID: 16366851 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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