1
|
Christensen P, Meinert Larsen T, Westerterp‐Plantenga M, Macdonald I, Martinez JA, Handjiev S, Poppitt S, Hansen S, Ritz C, Astrup A, Pastor‐Sanz L, Sandø‐Pedersen F, Pietiläinen KH, Sundvall J, Drummen M, Taylor MA, Navas‐Carretero S, Handjieva‐Darlenska T, Brodie S, Silvestre MP, Huttunen‐Lenz M, Brand‐Miller J, Fogelholm M, Raben A. Men and women respond differently to rapid weight loss: Metabolic outcomes of a multi-centre intervention study after a low-energy diet in 2500 overweight, individuals with pre-diabetes (PREVIEW). Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2840-2851. [PMID: 30088336 PMCID: PMC6282840 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01777893) is, to date, the largest, multinational study concerning prevention of type-2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the initial, fixed low-energy diet (LED) would induce different metabolic outcomes in men vs women. MATERIALS AND METHODS All participants followed a LED (3.4 MJ/810 kcal/daily) for 8 weeks (Cambridge Weight Plan). Participants were recruited from 8 sites in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Those eligible for inclusion were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ) individuals with pre-diabetes according to ADA-criteria. Outcomes of interest included changes in insulin resistance, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and metabolic syndrome Z-score. RESULTS In total, 2224 individuals (1504 women, 720 men) attended the baseline visit and 2020 (90.8%) completed the follow-up visit. Following the LED, weight loss was 16% greater in men than in women (11.8% vs 10.3%, respectively) but improvements in insulin resistance were similar. HOMA-IR decreased by 1.50 ± 0.15 in men and by 1.35 ± 0.15 in women (ns). After adjusting for differences in weight loss, men had larger reductions in metabolic syndrome Z-score, C-peptide, FM and heart rate, while women had larger reductions in HDL cholesterol, FFM, hip circumference and pulse pressure. Following the LED, 35% of participants of both genders had reverted to normo-glycaemia. CONCLUSIONS An 8-week LED induced different effects in women than in men. These findings are clinically important and suggest gender-specific changes after weight loss. It is important to investigate whether the greater decreases in FFM, hip circumference and HDL cholesterol in women after rapid weight loss compromise weight loss maintenance and future cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas Meinert Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Ian Macdonald
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2UH, UK
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- CIBERObn, Obesity and NutritionInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- IMDEA AlimentaciónMadridSpain
| | - Svetoslav Handjiev
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical University of SofiaSofiaBulgaria
| | - Sally Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sylvia Hansen
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Laura Pastor‐Sanz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Finn Sandø‐Pedersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program Unit, Diabetes and ObesityUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, EndocrinologyHelsinki University Hospital, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- National Institute for Health and Welfare THLHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mathijs Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Santiago Navas‐Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- CIBERObn, Obesity and NutritionInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Shannon Brodie
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental BiosciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Marta P. Silvestre
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Maija Huttunen‐Lenz
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
| | - Jennie Brand‐Miller
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental BiosciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delahaye LB, Bloomer RJ, Butawan MB, Wyman JM, Hill JL, Lee HW, Liu AC, McAllan L, Han JC, van der Merwe M. Time-restricted feeding of a high-fat diet in male C57BL/6 mice reduces adiposity but does not protect against increased systemic inflammation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1033-1042. [PMID: 29717885 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) limits the duration of food availability without altering diet composition and can combat obesity in humans and mice. For this study we evaluated the effect of timing of food access during a TRF protocol on weight gain, adiposity, and inflammation. Young male C57BL/6 mice were placed on a high-fat (HF) diet (45% fat) for 8 weeks. Food access was unrestricted (HF) or restricted to 6 h per day, either for the first half (HF-early) or the second half (HF-late) of the active phase to resemble a window of time for food consumption early or late in the day in a human population. Weight, obesity-associated parameters, and inflammation were measured. TRF reduced weight gain over the 8-week period in mice consuming the same high-fat diet. Consistent with decreased weight gain in the TRF groups, body fat percentage, liver triglycerides, and plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were reduced. Adipose tissue inflammation, measured by CD11b+F4/80+ macrophage infiltration, was reduced in both TRF groups, but systemic tumor necrosis factor-α was increased in all groups consuming the high-fat diet. The HF-late group gained more weight than the HF-early group and had increased insulin resistance, while the HF-early group was protected. Therefore, a TRF protocol is beneficial for weight management when a high-fat diet is consumed, with food consumption earlier in the day showing greater health benefits. However, increased inflammatory markers in the TRF groups suggest that diet components can still increase inflammation even in the absence of overt obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Delahaye
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Matthew B Butawan
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Wyman
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jessica L Hill
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Harold W Lee
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Liam McAllan
- c Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- c Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- d Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- e Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meyer A, Montastier E, Hager J, Saris WHM, Astrup A, Viguerie N, Valsesia A. Plasma metabolites and lipids predict insulin sensitivity improvement in obese, nondiabetic individuals after a 2-phase dietary intervention. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:13-23. [PMID: 29878058 PMCID: PMC6600064 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weight loss in obese individuals aims to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by improving glycemic control. Yet, significant intersubject variability is observed and the outcomes remain poorly predictable. Objective The aim of the study was to predict whether an individual will show improvements in insulin sensitivity above or below the median population change at 6 mo after a low-calorie-diet (LCD) intervention. Design With the use of plasma lipidomics and metabolomics for 433 subjects from the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) Study, we attempted to predict good or poor Matsuda index improvements 6 mo after an 8-wk LCD intervention (800 kcal/d). Three independent analysis groups were defined: "training" (n = 119) for model construction, "testing" (n = 162) for model comparison, and "validation" (n = 152) to validate the final model. Results Initial modeling with baseline clinical variables (body mass index, Matsuda index, total lipid concentrations, sex, age) showed limited performance [area under the curve (AUC) on the "testing dataset" = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.77]. Significantly better performance was achieved with an omics model based on 27 variables (AUC = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.85; P = 0.0297). This model could be greatly simplified while keeping the same performance. The simplified model relied on baseline Matsuda index, proline, and phosphatidylcholine 0-34:1. It successfully replicated on the validation set (AUC = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.83) with the following characteristics: specificity = 0.73, sensitivity = 0.68, negative predictive value = 0.60, and positive predictive value = 0.80. Marginally lower performance was obtained when replacing the Matsuda index with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.80; P = 0.08). Conclusions Our study proposes a model to predict insulin sensitivity improvements, 6 mo after LCD completion in a large population of overweight or obese nondiabetic subjects. It relies on baseline information from 3 variables, accessible from blood samples. This model may help clinicians assessing the large variability in dietary interventions and predict outcomes before an intervention. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Meyer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Montastier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jörg Hager
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland,Address correspondence to AV (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Curran AM, Fogarty Draper C, Scott-Boyer MP, Valsesia A, Roche HM, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, Kutmon M, Evelo CT, Coort SL, Astrup A, Saris WH, Brennan L, Kaput J. Sexual Dimorphism, Age, and Fat Mass Are Key Phenotypic Drivers of Proteomic Signatures. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4122-4133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Curran
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Colleen Fogarty Draper
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research, Analytical BioSciences, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research − University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical
Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health,
Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris T. Evelo
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan L. Coort
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department
of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim H. Saris
- Department
of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in
Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Efficacy of a liquid low-energy formula diet in achieving preoperative target weight loss before bariatric surgery. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e22. [PMID: 27293559 PMCID: PMC4891557 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A preoperative weight loss of 8 % is a prerequisite to undergo bariatric surgery (BS) in Denmark. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 7- or an 11-week low-energy diet (LCD) for achieving preoperative target weight before BS. A total of thirty obese patients (BMI 46·0 (sd 4·4) kg/m(2)) followed an LCD (Cambridge Weight Plan(®), 4184 kJ/d (1000 kcal/d)) for 7 or 11 weeks as preparation for BS. Anthropometric measurements including body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), blood parameters and blood pressure were assessed at weeks 0, 7 and 11. At week 7, the majority of patients (77 %) had reached their target weight, and this was achieved after 5·4 (sem 0·3) weeks. Mean weight loss was 9·3 (sem 0·5) % (P < 0·01) and consisted of 41·6 % fat-free mass (FFM) and 58·4 % fat mass. The weight loss was accompanied by a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (7·1 (sem 2·3) and 7·3 (sem 1·8) mmHg, respectively, all P < 0·01) as well as an improved metabolic profile (8·2 (sem 1·8) % decrease in fasting glucose (P < 0·01), 28·6 (sem 6·4) % decrease in fasting insulin (P < 0·01), 23·1 (sem 2·2) % decrease in LDL (P < 0·01), and 9·7 (sem 4·7) % decrease in TAG (P < 0·05)). Weight, FFM and fat mass continued to decrease from week 7 to 11 (all P < 0·01), whereas no additional improvements was observed in the metabolic parameters. Severely obese patients can safely achieve preoperative target weight on an LCD within 7 weeks as part of preparation for BS. However, the considerable reduction in FFM in severely obese subjects needs further investigation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sofer S, Stark AH, Madar Z. Nutrition targeting by food timing: time-related dietary approaches to combat obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:214-23. [PMID: 25770260 PMCID: PMC4352180 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective nutritional guidelines for reducing abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome are urgently needed. Over the years, many different dietary regimens have been studied as possible treatment alternatives. The efficacy of low-calorie diets, diets with different proportions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, traditional healthy eating patterns, and evidence-based dietary approaches were evaluated. Reviewing literature published in the last 5 y reveals that these diets may improve risk factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, each diet has limitations ranging from high dropout rates to maintenance difficulties. In addition, most of these dietary regimens have the ability to attenuate some, but not all, of the components involved in this complicated multifactorial condition. Recently, interest has arisen in the time of day foods are consumed (food timing). Studies have examined the implications of eating at the right or wrong time, restricting eating hours, time allocation for meals, and timing of macronutrient consumption during the day. In this paper we review new insights into well-known dietary therapies as well as innovative time-associated dietary approaches for treating obesity and metabolic syndrome. We discuss results from systematic meta-analyses, clinical interventions, and animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Sofer
- Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; and,Diet and Nutrition Department, Meuhedet Medical Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aliza H Stark
- Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; and
| | - Zecharia Madar
- Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; and
| |
Collapse
|