1
|
Lin H, Han R, Wu W. Glucans and applications in drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121904. [PMID: 38431411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glucan is a natural polysaccharide widely distributed in cereals and microorganisms that has various biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. In addition to wide applications in the broad fields of food, healthcare, and biomedicines, glucans hold promising potential as drug delivery carrier materials or ligands. Specifically, glucan microparticles or yeast cell wall particles are naturally enclosed vehicles with an interior cavity that can be exploited to carry and deliver drug payloads. The biological activities and targeting capacities of glucans depend largely on the recognition of glucan moieties by receptors such as dectin-1 and complement receptor 3, which are widely expressed on the cell membranes of mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and some lymphocytes. This review summarizes the chemical structures, sources, fundamental properties, extraction methods, and applications of these materials, with an emphasis on drug delivery. Glucans are utilized mainly as vaccine adjuvants, targeting ligands and as carrier materials for various drug entities. It is believed that glucans and glucan microparticles may be useful for the delivery of both small-molecule and macromolecular drugs, especially for potential treatment of immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Rongze Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Korčok M, Calle J, Veverka M, Vietoris V. Understanding the health benefits and technological properties of β-glucan for the development of easy-to-swallow gels to guarantee food security among seniors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11504-11521. [PMID: 35766942 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2093325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is growing rapidly and the number of elderly people with undernutrition and malnutrition is increasing. Common health problems among seniors are cardiovascular, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, and cognitive disorders, cancer, diabetes, psychological and dental problems. The food industry is trying to meet the demands of an aging society, but these efforts are not sufficient. New strategies are needed, and they demand foods development with modified textures that are easy to swallow, such as gels suitable for seniors. Depending on the specific needs of the elderly, bioactive compounds with health benefits should be included in food systems. Novel foods may play an important role in the prevention, maintenance, and treatment of age-related diseases. One of the most studied bioactive compound is β-glucan, a polysaccharide with approved health claims confirmed by clinical trials, such as "β-glucan contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels" and "the consumption of β-glucan from oats or barley contributes to the reduction of postprandial glucose spikes." In this review, the health benefits, and technological properties of β-glucan for the development of senior-friendly ready-to-swallow gels were described. In addition, some patents and studies conducted in connection with the development of the gel systems were collected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Korčok
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jehannara Calle
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Food Research Institute for the Food Industry (IIIA), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Vladimir Vietoris
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kılıç GA, Alsafi M. β-Glucan Regulates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Genotoxic Damage to The Liver through The Induction of BRCA1 Protein Expression. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:645-654. [PMID: 37718767 PMCID: PMC10520986 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.1989382.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the role of breast cancer-susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) protein in the β-Glucan (βG) molecule mediated regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver genotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, totally, 32 male Swiss Albino mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control (C), LPS-administered (LPS), βG-administered (βG) and βG-pre-administered/LPS-administered (βG+LPS). The βG was injected at the dose of 150 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 3 days. A single dose of 4 mg/ kg (i.p.) LPS was administered 24 hours after the last βG injection. BRCA1 expression was determined by western blot analysis and confirmed by quantitative immunofluorescence. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and 8-OHdG protein levels were also determined by the immunofluorescence analysis. The alkaline comet assay was performed. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and membrane lipid peroxidation were biochemically measured, and light microscopic histology was evaluated. RESULTS The BRCA1 expression level was significantly decreased in the LPS group. However, in the βG+LPS group, expression of BRCA1 protein was over 2 folds higher than the control. After the LPS induction, the DNA strand breaks, oxidative DNA lesions and abnormal proliferation of the liver cells were almost entirely suppressed in βG preadministrated animals, indicating the BRCA1 mediated ubiquitination of PCNA and activation of the DNA damage repair pathways. Activation of Nrf2 in the βG+LPS group resulted in an increase in the levels of Nrf2 pathway dependent antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, prevented the peroxidation of membrane lipids and maintained the histological architecture of the liver. CONCLUSION The results manifested that the βG is a strong inducer of the BRCA1 protein expression in the LPSinduced hepatic stress and the protein constitutes the key component of a βG mediated liver protection against an LPS-induced genotoxic and pathological damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Aydoğan Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mojahed Alsafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential of beta-glucan on chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-cancer agent that mediates nephrotoxicity. Beta (β)-glucan has restorative effects on kidney toxicities through its antioxidant potential; however, the effects of β-glucan on CP-induced renal injury remain unknown. In an experimental nephrotoxicity model using rats, we sought to examine the potential protective action of β-glucan on kidney histomorphology, apoptosis, and TNF-α expression.
Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups: control, CP, β-glucan, and CP+β-glucan. The kidney tissues of the rats were examined for TNF-α and caspase-3 immunostaining to evaluate inflammation and apoptosis, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining were used for histopathological analyses.
Results: The CP group showed severe histopathological damage in the renal tissues of rats.
In the renal tissue of the CP group, immunoreactivities for TNF-α (1.25 [0.079] and caspase-3 (1.506 [0.143] were also higher than the control group (0.117 [0.006] and 0.116 [0.002], respectively; P<0.001). In the CP+β-glucan group, the histopathological changes significantly improved.
Conclusion: Beta-glucan has therapeutic potential against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidney.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhoite R, Satyavrat V, Premasudha Sadananda M. Clinical benefits of β-glucan supplementation in children: a review. DISCOVER FOOD 2022. [PMCID: PMC9793387 DOI: 10.1007/s44187-022-00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMalnutrition is a global concern since it affects 130 million children under the age of 5 worldwide. The child’s immunity is brutally compromised, making them susceptible to various diseases and infections, leading to a high mortality rate. Multiple strategies have been implemented to strengthen immunity in children with compromised immunity, such as rendering a balanced diet, fortifying food, dietary supplements, and introducing potential natural dietary fibers to maintain good nutrition status, such as β-glucan. A class of biologically active polysaccharides, sourced from yeast, mushroom, bacteria, and cereals with versatile immunomodulatory benefits that potentially primes the host immune system, drives several metabolic health effects, increases infection resistance, shields against the damaging effects of stress, and maintains healthy energy levels. This review focuses on the capabilities, underlying mechanisms, immune-stimulating potency, and clinically meaningful shreds of evidence to substantiate the multiple health benefits of β-glucan in children. Although, more clinical studies are required, current findings confirms the various biological response modifying abilities of β-glucan that may notably aid in the development of a strong immune system in children for their overall health and wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Bhoite
- Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Romano G, Del Coco L, Milano F, Durante M, Palombieri S, Sestili F, Visioni A, Jilal A, Fanizzi FP, Laddomada B. Phytochemical Profiling and Untargeted Metabolite Fingerprinting of the MEDWHEALTH Wheat, Barley and Lentil Wholemeal Flours. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244070. [PMID: 36553812 PMCID: PMC9777840 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An important research target is improving the health benefits of traditional Mediterranean, durum wheat-based foods using innovative raw materials. In this study, we characterised wholemeal flours obtained from a traditional durum wheat cv. Svevo, two innovative durum wheat varieties (Svevo-High Amylose and Faridur), the naked barley cv. Chifaa and the elite lentil line 6002/ILWL118/1-1, evaluating them for targeted phytochemicals, untargeted metabolomics fingerprints and antioxidant capacity. To this aim, individual phenolic acids, flavonoids, tocochromanols and carotenoids were identified and quantified through HPLC-DAD, and the antioxidant capacities of both the extracts and whole meals were detected by ABTS assays. An untargeted metabolomics fingerprinting of the samples was conducted through NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that the innovative materials improved phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacity compared to Svevo. In particular, Svevo-HA and Faridur had higher contents of ferulic and sinapic acids, β-tocotrienol and lutein. Moreover, Chifaa is a rich source of phenolic acids, β-tocopherols, lutein and zeaxanthin whereas lentil of flavonoids (i.e., catechin and procyanidin B2). The NMR profiles of Svevo-HA and Faridur showed a significant reduction of sugar content, malate and tryptophan compared to that of Svevo. Finally, substantial differences characterised the lentil profiles, especially for citrate, trigonelline and phenolic resonances of secondary metabolites, such as catechin-like compounds. Overall, these results support the potential of the above innovative materials to renew the health value of traditional Mediterranean durum wheat-based products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Romano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Milano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Visioni
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, Rabat P.O. Box 6299, Morocco
| | - Abderrazek Jilal
- National Institute for Agricultural Research Morocco (INRAM), Rabat P.O. Box 415, Morocco
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.F.); (B.L.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-9265 (F.P.F.); +39-08-3242-2613 (B.L.)
| | - Barbara Laddomada
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.F.); (B.L.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-9265 (F.P.F.); +39-08-3242-2613 (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao L, Lin S, Lin J, Wu J, Chen H. Effect of acid hydrolysis on the structural and antioxidant characteristics of β-glucan extracted from Qingke (Tibetan hulless barley). Front Nutr 2022; 9:1052901. [PMID: 36438764 PMCID: PMC9691401 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1052901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the effect of acid hydrolysis on the molecular, structural, rheological, thermal, and antioxidant characteristics of Qingke β-glucan. The acid hydrolysis reduced the molecular weights of β-glucans from 510 to 155 KDa. The results of the structural analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that acid hydrolysis did not change the primary functional groups of β-glucans. The rheological behavior of β-glucan without and with acid hydrolysis can be described as pseudoplastic and Newtonian, respectively. The DSC curves of the β-glucans with high molecular weights showed the highest transition temperature. The 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity and the reducing power of soluble β-glucans in Qingke showed a dose-dependent pattern. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities of Qingke β-glucan of different molecular weights were similar. This study demostrated that the acid hydrolysis almost have no effect on antioxidant activity of Qingke β-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingying Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huibin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mushroom β-Glucan Recovered from Antler-Type Fruiting Body of Ganoderma lucidum by Enzymatic Process and Its Potential Biological Activities for Cosmeceutical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194202. [PMID: 36236150 PMCID: PMC9573635 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are incredibly valuable macro fungi that are an important and integral part of the ecosystem. In addition to being used as cuisine, mushrooms have been used for medicinal purposes for many centuries. This research applied a process for recovering β-glucan (BG) from the antler-type fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum as well as tested the biological activities related to cosmeceutical applications. The characterization of complex structure was performed by fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (MNR) spectroscopies. The obtained extract contained 40.57% BG and 7.47% protein, with the detectable bioactivities of anti-tyrosinase and antioxidation. Consequently, it showed the activity that can be used to whiten the skin by reducing or inhibiting the process of skin pigmentation. The BG also showed moderate activities of anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase. The test by the HET-CAM confirmed no skin irritation of the complex extract. Based on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) test, the BG had no significant inhibiting effect on cell viability. In addition, the obtained BG had functional properties higher than commercially available BG, especially oil-binding capacity. These findings provided new insights into the potential application of G. lucidum BG as a polymeric material in the cosmeceutical industries.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Y, Luo Y, Yu B, Zheng P, Yu J, Huang Z, Mao X, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 β-Glucan Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Disruption of Intestinal Epithelium in Weaned Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810290. [PMID: 36142202 PMCID: PMC9499454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the protective effect of dietary β-glucan (BGL) supplementation on intestinal epithelium exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), thirty-two weaned pigs were assigned to four groups. Pigs were fed with a basal diet or basal diet containing 500 mg/kg BGL, and were orally infused with ETEC or culture medium. Results showed BGL supplementation had no influence on growth performance in weaned pigs. However, BGL supplementation increased the absorption of D-xylose, and significantly decreased the serum concentrations of D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, BGL significantly increased the abundance of the zonula occludens-1-(ZO-1) in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL supplementation also increased the number of S-phase cells and the number of sIgA-positive cells, but significantly decreased the number of total apoptotic cells in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). Moreover, BGL significantly increased the duodenal catalase (CAT) activity and the ileal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Importantly, BGL significantly decreased the expression levels of critical inflammation related proteins such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-6 (IL-6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the jejunal and ileal mucosa upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL also elevated the propanoic acid content and the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the colon upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). These results suggested BGL could alleviate the ETEC-induced intestinal epithelium injury, which may be associated with suppressed inflammation and improved intestinal immunity and antioxidant capacity, as well as the improved intestinal macrobiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Cell-Wall β-d-Glucan in Leaves of Oat ( Avena sativa L.) Affected by Fungal Pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163416. [PMID: 36015673 PMCID: PMC9415129 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the structural and storage functions of the (1,3; 1,4)-β-d-glucans (β-d-glucan), the possible protective role of this polymer under biotic stresses is still debated. The aim of this study was to contribute to this hypothesis by analyzing the β-d-glucans content, expression of related cellulose synthase-like (Csl) Cs1F6, CslF9, CslF3 genes, content of chlorophylls, and β-1,3-glucanase content in oat (Avena sativa L.) leaves infected with the commonly occurring oat fungal pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae (B. graminis). Its presence influenced all measured parameters. The content of β-d-glucans in infected leaves decreased in all used varieties, compared to the non-infected plants, but not significantly. Oats reacted differently, with Aragon and Vaclav responding with overexpression, and Bay Yan 2, Ivory, and Racoon responding with the underexpression of these genes. Pathogens changed the relative ratios regarding the expression of CslF6, CslF9, and CslF3 genes from neutral to negative correlations. However, changes in the expression of these genes did not statistically significantly affect the content of β-d-glucans. A very slight indication of positive correlation, but statistically insignificant, was observed between the contents of β-d-glucans and chlorophylls. Some isoforms of β-1,3-glucanases accumulated to a several-times higher level in the infected leaves of all varieties. New isoforms of β-1,3-glucanases were also detected in infected leaves after fungal infection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nutrient Deprivation Coupled with High Light Exposure for Bioactive Chrysolaminarin Production in the Marine Microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060351. [PMID: 35736154 PMCID: PMC9225646 DOI: 10.3390/md20060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysolaminarin, a kind of water-soluble bioactive β-glucan produced by certain microalgae, is a potential candidate for food/pharmaceutical applications. This study identified a marine microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis, in which chrysolaminarin production was investigated via nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur) deprivations (-N, -P, or -S conditions) along with an increase in light intensity. A characterization of the antioxidant activities of the chrysolaminarin produced under each condition was also conducted. The results showed that nutrient deprivation caused a significant increase in chrysolaminarin accumulation, though this was accompanied by diminished biomass production and photosynthetic activity. -S was the best strategy to induce chrysolaminarin accumulation. An increase in light intensity from 80 (LL) to 150 (HL) µE·m−2·s−1 further enhanced chrysolaminarin production. Compared with -N, -S caused more suitable stress and reduced carbon allocation toward neutral lipid production, which enabled a higher chrysolaminarin accumulation capacity. The highest chrysolaminarin content and concentration reached 41.7% of dry weight (%DW) and 632.2 mg/L, respectively, under HL-S, with a corresponding productivity of 155.1 mg/L/day achieved, which exceeds most of the photoautotrophic microalgae previously reported. The chrysolaminarin produced under HL-N (Iz-N) had a relatively competitive hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at low concentrations, while the chrysolaminarin produced under HL-S (Iz-S) exhibited an overall better activity, comparable to the commercial yeast β-glucan, demonstrating I. zhangjiangensis as a promising bioactive chrysolaminarin producer from CO2.
Collapse
|
12
|
Azevedo GA, Heinrichs MC, Moraes ÂM. Cashew tree gum for biomaterials engineering: A versatile raw material in consolidation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Assis Azevedo
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Heinrichs
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dziki D, Gawlik-Dziki U, Tarasiuk W, Różyło R. Fiber Preparation from Micronized Oat By-Products: Antioxidant Properties and Interactions between Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092621. [PMID: 35565971 PMCID: PMC9099853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of utilizing oat by-products for fiber preparation. Oat husk (OH) and oat bran (OB) were micronized and used to prepare a novel product rich in fiber and with enhanced antioxidant properties. The basic chemical composition and phenolic acid profile were determined in OH and OB. The antioxidant properties of OH and OB were also analyzed. The type and strength of interactions between the biologically active compounds from their mixtures were characterized by an isobolographic analysis. The analyses showed that the sum of phenolic acids was higher in OH than in OB. Ferulic acid was dominant in both OH and OB; however, its content in OH was over sixfold higher than that in OB. The results also suggested that both OH and OB can be used for preparing fiber with enhanced antioxidant properties. The optimal composition of the preparation, with 60–70% of OH and 30–40% of OB, allows for obtaining a product with 60–70% fiber and enhanced antioxidant activity due to bioactive substances and their synergistic effect. The resulting product can be a valuable additive to various food and dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Dziki
- Poland Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
- Fibrecare Sp. z o.o., Słowackiego 16, 40-094 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Fibrecare Sp. z o.o., Słowackiego 16, 40-094 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Wojciech Tarasiuk
- Fibrecare Sp. z o.o., Słowackiego 16, 40-094 Katowice, Poland;
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Bialystok, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Renata Różyło
- Department of Food Engineering and Machines, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka St. 28, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functionality of Yeast β-Glucan Recovered from Kluyveromyces marxianus by Alkaline and Enzymatic Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081582. [PMID: 35458332 PMCID: PMC9025640 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucan (BG), one of the most abundant polysaccharides containing glucose monomers linked by β-glycosidic linkages, is prevalent in yeast biomass that needs to be recovered to obtain this valuable polymer. This study aimed to apply alkaline and enzymatic processes for the recovery of BG from the yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus TISTR 5925. For this purpose, the yeast was cultivated to produce the maximum yield of raw material (yeast cells). The effective recovery of BG was then established using either an alkaline or an enzymatic process. BG recovery of 35.45% was obtained by using 1 M NaOH at 90 °C for 1 h, and of 81.15% from 1% (w/v) hydrolytic protease enzyme at 55 °C for 5 h. However, BG recovered by the alkaline process was purer than that obtained by the enzymatic process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the purity, the functional groups, and the linkages of BG obtained from different recovery systems and different raw materials. The results of this study suggest that an alkaline process could be an effective approach for the solubilization and recovery of considerable purity of BG from the yeast cells. In addition, the obtained BG had comparable functional properties with commercially available BG. This study reveals the effectiveness of both chemical and biological recovery of BG obtained from yeast as a potential polymeric material.
Collapse
|
15
|
Caseiro C, Dias JNR, de Andrade Fontes CMG, Bule P. From Cancer Therapy to Winemaking: The Molecular Structure and Applications of β-Glucans and β-1, 3-Glucanases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063156. [PMID: 35328577 PMCID: PMC8949617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are a diverse group of polysaccharides composed of β-1,3 or β-(1,3-1,4) linked glucose monomers. They are mainly synthesized by fungi, plants, seaweed and bacteria, where they carry out structural, protective and energy storage roles. Because of their unique physicochemical properties, they have important applications in several industrial, biomedical and biotechnological processes. β-glucans are also major bioactive molecules with marked immunomodulatory and metabolic properties. As such, they have been the focus of many studies attesting to their ability to, among other roles, fight cancer, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and control diabetes. The physicochemical and functional profiles of β-glucans are deeply influenced by their molecular structure. This structure governs β-glucan interaction with multiple β-glucan binding proteins, triggering myriad biological responses. It is then imperative to understand the structural properties of β-glucans to fully reveal their biological roles and potential applications. The deconstruction of β-glucans is a result of β-glucanase activity. In addition to being invaluable tools for the study of β-glucans, these enzymes have applications in numerous biotechnological and industrial processes, both alone and in conjunction with their natural substrates. Here, we review potential applications for β-glucans and β-glucanases, and explore how their functionalities are dictated by their structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Caseiro
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes Ribeiro Dias
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Murphy EJ, Rezoagli E, Pogue R, Simonassi-Paiva B, Abidin IIZ, Fehrenbach GW, O'Neil E, Major I, Laffey JG, Rowan N. Immunomodulatory activity of β-glucan polysaccharides isolated from different species of mushroom - A potential treatment for inflammatory lung conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152177. [PMID: 34875322 PMCID: PMC9752827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most common form of acute severe hypoxemic respiratory failure in the critically ill with a hospital mortality of 40%. Alveolar inflammation is one of the hallmarks for this disease. β-Glucans are polysaccharides isolated from a variety of natural sources including mushrooms, with documented immune modulating properties. To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of β-glucans and their potential as a treatment for ARDS, we isolated and measured glucan-rich polysaccharides from seven species of mushrooms. We used three models of in-vitro injury in THP-1 macrophages, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CD14+) (PMBCs) isolated from healthy volunteers and lung epithelial cell lines. We observed variance between β-glucan content in extracts isolated from seven mushroom species. The extracts with the highest β-glucan content found was Lentinus edodes which contained 70% w/w and Hypsizygus tessellatus which contained 80% w/w with low levels of α-glucan. The extracts had the ability to induce secretion of up to 4000 pg/mL of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and up to 5000 pg/mL and 500 pg/mL of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-22 and IL-10, respectively, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in THP-1 macrophages. In the presence of cytokine injury, IL-8 was reduced from 15,000 pg/mL to as low as 10,000 pg/mL in THP-1 macrophages. After insult with LPS, phagocytosis dropped from 70-90% to as low 10% in CD14+ PBMCs. After LPS insult CCL8 relative gene expression was reduced, and IL-10 relative gene expression increased from 50 to 250-fold in THP-1 macrophages. In lung epithelial cells, both A549 and BEAS-2B after IL-1β insult, IL-8 levels dropped from 10,000 pg/mL to as low as 6000 pg/mL. TNF-α levels dropped 10-fold from 100 pg/mL to just below 10 pg/mL. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of β-glucans in inflammatory lung conditions. Findings also advance bio-based research that connects green innovation with One Health applications for the betterment of society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Murphy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland; Department of Graduate Studies, Limerick Institute of Technology, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Robert Pogue
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland; Post-Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Emer O'Neil
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Wang P, Tan C, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Bai J, Xiao X, Zhang L, Teng D, Tian J, Liu L, Zhang H. Effects of L .plantarum dy-1 fermentation time on the characteristic structure and antioxidant activity of barley β-glucan in vitro. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:125-130. [PMID: 35036932 PMCID: PMC8749382 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explored the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 (L. plantarum dy-1) fermentation on the basic physicochemical properties and associated in vitro antioxidant activity of barley β-glucan, including its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, characteristic structure and rheology. Its DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) were measured at different fermentation times. The results showed that the molecular weight of barley β-glucan was decreased from 1.052 × 105 Da to 4.965 × 104 Da within 0–24 h by L. plantarum dy-1 fermentation, but there was no effect on its characteristic structure. The water- and oil-holding properties of barley β-glucan were significantly enhanced with increased fermentation time, and the fluid viscous behavior of barley β-glucan was enhanced at 6% concentration, while elastic characteristics were weakened. The fermentation had no significant effect on the scavenging effect of DPPH and ABTS radicals of barley β-glucan, but the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity of FRAP were enhanced with increased fermentation time. Fermentation time may change the physicochemical properties and enhance antioxidant activity of barley β-glucan by reducing its molecular weight. Increase the study on the effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the antioxidant activity of barley β-glucan. The water-retaining and oil-controlling properties of barley β-glucan increased significantly. Fermentation time may enhance physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of barley β-glucan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.,Inspection Quarantine Bureau Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cui Tan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Anhui Yanzhifang Food Company Limited, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Donghai Teng
- Department of Oncology, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Oncology, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Liangcheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang, 443004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Havrlentová M, Šliková S, Gregusová V, Kovácsová B, Lančaričová A, Nemeček P, Hendrichová J, Hozlár P. The Influence of Artificial Fusarium Infection on Oat Grain Quality. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2108. [PMID: 34683429 PMCID: PMC8538375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions, such as various biotic and abiotic stresses, are the primary reason for decreased crop productivity. Oat, as one of the world's major crops, is an important cereal in human nutrition. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of inoculation with two species of the genus Fusarium on the selected qualitative parameters of oat grain intended for the food industry. Artificial inoculation caused a statistically significant decrease in the content of starch, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids in oat grains compared to the control. Moreover, artificial inoculation had no statistically significant effect on the content of β-D-glucans, total dietary fiber, total lipids, palmitic, stearic, and cis-vaccenic acids. An increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oat grains was observed after inoculation. The most important indicator of Fusarium infection was the presence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in the grain. The content of β-D-glucans, as a possible protective barrier in the cell wall, did not have a statistically significant effect on the inoculation manifestation in the grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Havrlentová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Svetlana Šliková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Veronika Gregusová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernadett Kovácsová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrea Lančaričová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Nemeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Hendrichová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Hozlár
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, Research and Breeding Station at Vígľaš-Pstruša, 962 12 Pstruša, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szpicer A, Onopiuk A, Wojtasik-Kalinowska I, Półtorak A. Red grape skin extract and oat β-glucan in shortbread cookies: technological and nutritional evaluation. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractConsumers are increasingly interested in innovative products enriched with nutrients that counteract the development of civilisation-associated diseases. Thus, the development of new functional nutrient-enriched food products that meet consumer needs is therefore necessary. The aims of this study were to develop a novel shortbread cookie product by addition of red grape skin extract and oat β-glucan and to evaluate the influence of these modifications on physico‐chemical properties and consumer’s acceptance. The red grape skin extract used in this product is a source of polyphenols which are beneficial for human health and extend product shelf life. β-glucan is a soluble fraction of dietary fibre that helps to lower reduce blood cholesterol and glycemic levels. The influence of grape skin extract, β-glucan and a combination of both on the β-glucan content, colour and texture parameters, thermal properties, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of shortbread cookies was analysed. Product with modified formulations had higher total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and were was more thermally stable than control samples. The obtained innovative functional products were characterized by an increased content of oat β-glucan, which is desirable from a nutritional point of view. The DSC measurements showed higher oxidative stability of cookies enriched with β-glucan and red grape skin extract. The additives caused significant changes in the colour and profile of volatile compounds of the finished final product but did not affect the sensory acceptance among consumers. The use of these additives represents a development in food technology that may be valuable in the food industry to increase the nutritional value and extend the shelf shelf-life of bakery products.
Collapse
|
20
|
β-Glucans as Dietary Supplement to Improve Locomotion and Mitochondrial Respiration in a Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051619. [PMID: 34065946 PMCID: PMC8151547 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular childhood disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. A lack of dystrophin in DMD leads to inflammatory response, autophagic dysregulation, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle fibers that play a key role in the progression of the pathology. β-glucans can modulate immune function by modifying the phagocytic activity of immunocompetent cells, notably macrophages. Mitochondrial function is also involved in an important mechanism of the innate and adaptive immune responses, owing to high need for energy of immune cells. In the present study, the effects of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans on five-day-old non-dystrophic and dystrophic (sapje) zebrafish larvae were investigated. The effects of the sonication of β-glucans and the dechorionation of embryos were also evaluated. The results showed that the incidence of dystrophic phenotypes was reduced when dystrophic embryos were exposed to 2 and 4 mg L-1 of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans. Moreover, when the dystrophic larvae underwent 8 mg L-1 treatment, an improvement of the locomotor performances and mitochondrial respiration were observed. In conclusion, the observed results demonstrated that 1,3-1,6 β-glucans improve locomotor performances and mitochondrial function in dystrophic zebrafish. Therefore, for ameliorating their life quality, 1,3-1,6 β-glucans look like a promising diet supplement for DMD patients, even though further investigations are required.
Collapse
|
21
|
Desamero MJM, Chung SH, Kakuta S. Insights on the Functional Role of Beta-Glucans in Fungal Immunity Using Receptor-Deficient Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4778. [PMID: 33946381 PMCID: PMC8125483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the host anti-fungal immunity induced by beta-glucan has been one of the most challenging conundrums in the field of biomedical research. During the last couple of decades, insights on the role of beta-glucan in fungal disease progression, susceptibility, and resistance have been greatly augmented through the utility of various beta-glucan cognate receptor-deficient mouse models. Analysis of dectin-1 knockout mice has clarified the downstream signaling pathways and adaptive effector responses triggered by beta-glucan in anti-fungal immunity. On the other hand, assessment of CR3-deficient mice has elucidated the compelling action of beta-glucans in neutrophil-mediated fungal clearance, and the investigation of EphA2-deficient mice has highlighted its novel involvement in host sensing and defense to oral mucosal fungal infection. Based on these accounts, this review focuses on the recent discoveries made by these gene-targeted mice in beta-glucan research with particular emphasis on the multifaceted aspects of fungal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Joseph Maranan Desamero
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nishinari K, Fang Y. Molar mass effect in food and health. Food Hydrocoll 2021; 112:106110. [PMID: 32895590 PMCID: PMC7467918 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is demanded to supply foods with good quality for all the humans. With the advent of aging society, palatable and healthy foods are required to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of finance for medical expenditure. Food hydrocolloids can contribute to this demand by versatile functions such as thickening, gelling, stabilising, and emulsifying, controlling texture and flavour release in food processing. Molar mass effects on viscosity and diffusion in liquid foods, and on mechanical and other physical properties of solid and semi-solid foods and films are overviewed. In these functions, the molar mass is one of the key factors, and therefore, the effects of molar mass on various health problems related to noncommunicable diseases or symptoms such as cancer, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, constipation, high blood pressure, knee pain, osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis and dysphagia are described. Understanding these problems only from the viewpoint of molar mass is limited since other structural characteristics, conformation, branching, blockiness in copolymers such as pectin and alginate, degree of substitution as well as the position of the substituents are sometimes the determining factor rather than the molar mass. Nevertheless, comparison of different behaviours and functions in different polymers from the viewpoint of molar mass is expected to be useful to find a common characteristics, which may be helpful to understand the mechanism in other problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloids Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, PR China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-6565, Japan
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang G, Qiu H, Yu R, Xiong L, Yan Q, Wen C, Peng M. Dietary supplementation of β-glucan, inulin and emodin modulates antioxidant response and suppresses intestinal inflammation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
24
|
Samborska K, Boostani S, Geranpour M, Hosseini H, Dima C, Khoshnoudi-Nia S, Rostamabadi H, Falsafi SR, Shaddel R, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Jafari SM. Green biopolymers from by-products as wall materials for spray drying microencapsulation of phytochemicals. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
25
|
Jakovljević VD. An overview of antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and amino acids of
Aureobasidium pullulans
GM6. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Kittimongkolsuk P, Pattarachotanant N, Chuchawankul S, Wink M, Tencomnao T. Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010030. [PMID: 33466350 PMCID: PMC7824744 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus (LR) having been used as a traditional medicine, little is known about the neuroprotective effects of LR extracts. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of three extracts of LR against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal (HT22) cells as well as to determine their effect in Caenorhabditis elegans. In vitro, we assessed the toxicity of three LR extracts (ethanol extract (LRE), cold-water extract (LRC) and hot-water extract (LRH)) and their protective activity by MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and intracellular ROS accumulation. Furthermore, we determined the expression of antioxidant genes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) by qRT-PCR. In vivo, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of LRE, not only against an Aβ-induced deficit in chemotaxis behavior (Alzheimer model) but also against PolyQ40 formation (model for Morbus Huntington) in transgenic C. elegans. Only LRE significantly reduced both apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels and significantly increased the expression of antioxidant genes after glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells. In addition, LRE significantly improved the Chemotaxis Index (CI) in C. elegans and significantly decreased PolyQ40 aggregation. Altogether, the LRE exhibited neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parinee Kittimongkolsuk
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nattaporn Pattarachotanant
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.W.); or (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2-218-1533 (T.T.)
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); or (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2-218-1533 (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Havrlentová M, Gregusová V, Šliková S, Nemeček P, Hudcovicová M, Kuzmová D. Relationship between the Content of β-D-Glucans and Infection with Fusarium Pathogens in Oat ( Avena sativa L.) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1776. [PMID: 33333749 PMCID: PMC7765213 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In human nutrition, oats (Avena sativa L.) are mainly used for their dietary fiber, β-D-glucans and protein content. The content of β-D-glucans in oat grain is 2-7% and is influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors. High levels of this cell walls polysaccharide are observed in naked grains of cultivated oat. It the work, the relationship between the content of β-D-glucans in oat grain and the infection with Fusarium graminearum (FG) and Fusarium culmorum (FC) was analyzed. The hypothesis was that oats with higher content of β-D-glucans are better protected and the manifestation of artificial inoculation with Fusarium strains is weaker. In the 22 oat samples analyzed, the content of β-D-glucans was 0.71-5.06%. In controls, the average content was 2.15% for hulled and 3.25% for naked grains of cultivated oats. After the infection, a decrease was observed in all, naked, hulled and wild oats. As an evidence of lower rate of infection, statistically significant lower percentage of pathogen DNA (0.39%) and less deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin (FC infection 10.66 mg/kg and FG 4.92 mg/kg) were observed in naked grains compared to hulled where the level of pathogen DNA was 2.09% and the average DON level was 21.95 mg/kg (FC) and 5.52 mg/kg (FG).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Havrlentová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (D.K.)
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (M.H.)
| | - Veronika Gregusová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (D.K.)
| | - Svetlana Šliková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (M.H.)
| | - Peter Nemeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Martina Hudcovicová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (M.H.)
| | - Dominika Kuzmová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Murphy EJ, Rezoagli E, Major I, Rowan NJ, Laffey JG. β-Glucan Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential for Clinical Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E356. [PMID: 33322069 PMCID: PMC7770584 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are complex polysaccharides that are found in several plants and foods, including mushrooms. β-glucans display an array of potentially therapeutic properties. β-glucans have metabolic and gastro-intestinal effects, modulating the gut microbiome, altering lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing cholesterol, leading to their investigation as potential therapies for metabolic syndrome, obesity and diet regulation, gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel, and to reduce cardiovascular and diabetes risk. β-glucans also have immune-modulating effects, leading to their investigation as adjuvant agents for cancers (solid and haematological malignancies), for immune-mediated conditions (e.g., allergic rhinitis, respiratory infections), and to enhance wound healing. The therapeutic potential of β-glucans is evidenced by the fact that two glucan isolates were licensed as drugs in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980. Significant challenges exist to further clinical testing and translation of β-glucans. The diverse range of conditions for which β-glucans are in clinical testing underlines the incomplete understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of β-glucans, a key knowledge gap. Furthermore, important differences appear to exist in the effects of apparently similar β-glucan preparations, which may be due to differences in sources and extraction procedures, another poorly understood issue. This review will describe the biology, potential mechanisms of action and key therapeutic targets being investigated in clinical trials of β-glucans and identify and discuss the key challenges to successful translation of this intriguing potential therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Murphy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Neil J. Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - John G. Laffey
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nagayama Y, Isoo N, Nakashima A, Suzuki K, Yamano M, Nariyama T, Yagame M, Matsui K. Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237086. [PMID: 32764782 PMCID: PMC7413521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramylon is a novel β-glucan that is stored by Euglena gracilis Z, which is a unicellular photosynthesizing green alga with characteristics of both animals and plants. Recent studies have indicated that paramylon functions as an immunomodulator or a dietary fiber. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and there is no effective preventive treatment for CKD progression. However, paramylon may suppress the progression of CKD via the elimination of uremic toxins or modulation of gut microbiota, leading to the alleviation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paramylon in CKD rat model. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats with a 5/6 nephrectomy were given either a normal diet or a diet containing 5% paramylon for 8 weeks. Proteinuria was measured intermittently. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested after sacrifice. We performed a renal molecular and histopathological investigation, serum metabolome analysis, and gut microbiome analysis. The results showed that paramylon attenuated renal function, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and podocyte injury in the CKD rat model. Renal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression levels tended to be suppressed with paramylon treatment. Further, paramylon inhibited the accumulation of uremic toxins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites and modulated a part of CKD-related gut microbiota in the CKD rat model. In conclusion, we suggest that paramylon mainly inhibited the absorption of non-microbiota-derived uremic solutes, leading to protect renal injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Paramylon may be a novel compound that can act against CKD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Nagayama
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoyuki Isoo
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Mizuki Yamano
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nariyama
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Motoka Yagame
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Matsui
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Time-Dependent Indirect Antioxidative Effects of Oat Beta-Glucans on Peripheral Blood Parameters in the Animal Model of Colon Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050375. [PMID: 32365955 PMCID: PMC7278816 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oat beta-glucans are polysaccharides, belonging to soluble fiber fraction, that show a wide spectrum of biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent antioxidative effect of chemically pure oat beta-glucan fractions, characterized by different molar mass, which were fed to animals with early stage of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) - induced colitis. Methods: The study was conducted on 150 adult male Sprague Dawley rats assigned to two groups—healthy control (H) and colitis (C) with colon inflammation induced by per rectum administration of TNBS. The animals from both groups were divided into 3 nutritional subgroups, receiving for 3, 7 or 21 days AIN-93M feed without beta-glucan (βG−) or with 1% (w/w) low molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGl+) or 1% (w/w) high molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGh+). After 3, 7 and 21 days, the animals were euthanized, peripheral blood was collected from the heart for further analysis. Results: The results of analyses performed on blood samples showed small changes in lymphocytes count and red blood cell parameters such as the number of red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume (RBC, MCHC, MCV respectively) as well as normalization of antioxidant potential accompanying moderate inflammatory state of colon mucosa and submucosa. Conclusion: Oat beta-glucans exert an indirect antioxidant effect in animals with TNBS-induced colitis, with greater effectiveness in removing systemic effects of colon inflammation found for low molar mass oat beta-glucan.
Collapse
|
31
|
Utama GL, Irena F, Lembong E, Kayaputri IL, Tensiska T, Balia RL. The Utilization of Vegetable and Fruit Wastes for Saccharomyces cerevisieae Cell Wall Based β-Glucan Production with Antioxidant Activity. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun202068010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
32
|
Topical administration of pullulan gel accelerates skin tissue regeneration by enhancing collagen synthesis and wound contraction in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:395-403. [PMID: 31978478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we have studied the efficacy of pullulan gel on wound healing by performing biochemical, biophysical and histological investigations. A 2 cm2 open excision wound was made on the dorsum of the rats and topically treated with 500 μL of pullulan gel. The control group was left untreated. The povidone-iodine (PI) ointment treated animals were considered as positive control. The granulation tissues formed were collected at different time point intervals and used for various biochemical, biophysical and histological analyses. Biochemical analyses revealed that pullulan gel significantly (p < 0.001) improved the collagen, hexosamine, protein and DNA content. Biophysical analyses resulted in an increased rate of wound contraction (p < 0.001). The period of epithelialization was shorter (p < 0.001) in pullulan gel treated group (11 days) than control (22 days) and PI group (17 days). Histological evaluation on days 4, 8 and 11 substantiated that pullulan gel treatment improved the wound re-epithelialization, dermal regeneration, blood vessels formation and collagen synthesis than in control and PI groups. Interrupted SDS-PAGE of collagen showed an increase in Type III collagen band evident for the healing potential of pullulan gel. Thus, our results strongly prove that pullulan gel could be a potential wound healing agent.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zafar MS, Quarta A, Marradi M, Ragusa A. Recent Developments in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress through Antioxidant Polymeric Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E505. [PMID: 31581497 PMCID: PMC6835330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced endogenously in our body, or introduced through external factors, such as pollution, cigarette smoke, and excessive sunlight exposure. In normal conditions, there is a physiological balance between pro-oxidant species and antioxidant molecules that are able to counteract the detrimental effect of the former. Nevertheless, when this homeostasis is disrupted, the resulting oxidative stress can lead to several pathological conditions, from inflammation to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we report on the recent developments of different polymeric formulations that are able to reduce the oxidative stress, from natural extracts, to films and hydrogels, and finally to nanoparticles (NPs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shajih Zafar
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaur R, Riar CS. Sensory, rheological and chemical characteristics during storage of set type full fat yoghurt fortified with barley β-glucan. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 57:41-51. [PMID: 31975706 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucan, is a soluble dietary fiber and is obtained from number of sources including cereals. It possesses the nutraceutical characteristics and acts as functional bioactive ingredient in the fermented dairy product including yoghurt. In this concern, β-glucan isolated from barley having purity of (91.52%) was incorporated in different proportions (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%, w/v) during the full fat yoghurt preparation. The analysis of β-glucan carried out initially, indicated that the viscosity, water binding capacity, swelling power and solubility values were 92 Pa s, 3.17 g/g, 18.50 g/g and 3%, respectively, whereas, the total antioxidant activity obtained in terms of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 27%. Based on these characteristics β-glucan extract had been considered as the choicest material for set type products like yoghurt. Thereafter, physiochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics of β-glucan incorporated yoghurt were evaluated during 1st, 7th and 14th days of refrigerated storage. Addition of β-glucan significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved whey separation (syneresis), viscosity, texture profile and sensory characteristics during storage. The TPA characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness and resilience of yoghurt samples improved significantly during storage with the incorporation of β-glucan whereas, β-glucan added yoghurt obtained higher consistency coefficient (K), thus, indicated a thicker and compact texture. Sensory analysis of stored yoghurt indicated that yoghurt samples in the present study containing even higher (1.5-2%) β-glucan level had obtained the higher average overall acceptability (8.1 to 8.3 on 9-point scale) score as compared to a low fat yoghurt containing lower β-glucan level (0.5%) reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Charanjit S Riar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Maity GN, Maity P, Choudhuri I, Bhattacharyya N, Acharya K, Dalai S, Mondal S. Structural studies of a water insoluble β-glucan from Pleurotus djamor and its cytotoxic effect against PA1, ovarian carcinoma cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:114990. [PMID: 31320072 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A water insoluble β-glucan (PS), with molecular mass ∼9.16 × 104 Da was isolated from the 4% alkaline extract of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus djamor and found to consist of (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety. The structure of the PS was elucidated on the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, DEPT-135, and HSQC). The structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. The water insoluble β-glucan showed cytotoxic effect against PA1 cells, where˜50% population was destroyed at 100 μg/mL concentration, and almost all cells at 250 μg/mL concentration. The wound healing assay showed significant anticarcinogenic effect against ovarian carcinoma PA1 cells after 48 h of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Nath Maity
- Department of Microbiology, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura, Purba Midnapore, 721152, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura, Purba Midnapore, 721152, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, 721140, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Choudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura, Purba Medinipur, 721152, West Bengal, India
| | - Nandan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura, Purba Medinipur, 721152, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Dalai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura, Purba Midnapore, 721152, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Beta Glucan: Supplement or Drug? From Laboratory to Clinical Trials. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071251. [PMID: 30935016 PMCID: PMC6479769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucans are part of a group of biologically active natural molecules and are steadily gaining strong attention not only as an important food supplement, but also as an immunostimulant and potential drug. This paper represents an up-to-date review of glucans (β-1,3-glucans) and their role in various immune reactions and the treatment of cancer. With more than 80 clinical trials evaluating their biological effects, the question is not if glucans will move from food supplement to widely accepted drug, but how soon.
Collapse
|
37
|
Çetin E. Pretreatment with β-glucan attenuates isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:505-513. [PMID: 30677174 DOI: 10.1113/ep086739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The study was designed to assess whether pretreatment with β-glucan could exert any protective action against isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. What is the main finding and its importance? β-Glucan pretreatment could reduce myocardial injury by restoring cardiac biomarkers, antioxidant status, apoptosis and histopathological changes. Therefore, β-glucan might have the potential to be used in the prevention and/or treatment of myocardial infarction. ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of pretreatment with β-glucan, the glucose polymer derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, against isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rats by studying biochemical cardiac markers, antioxidant parameters, apoptosis, ECG and histopathological changes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups, namely control, β-glucan, isoprenaline and β-glucan + isoprenaline. The β-glucan treatment group received β-glucan (50 mg kg-1 day-1 , p.o.) for 10 days. Myocardial injury was induced by ISO administration (100 mg kg-1 , s.c.) twice, at an interval of 24 h, on the 9th and 10th days. Isoprenaline administration resulted in a marked increase in heart rate, ST segment elevation, myocardial malondialdehyde content, cardiac marker levels (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T) and apoptotic index, and a significant decrease in R-wave amplitude and myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. In addition, apoptosis, congestion, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and myofibrillar disorganization were observed histologically in myocardial tissue sections. The oral pretreatment with β-glucan prevented almost all the parameters of isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats, and these findings were confirmed by the histopathological analysis. These findings provide evidence that β-glucan could protect rat myocardium against ISO-induced myocardial injury, and this was attributed to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Çetin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gani A, Benjakul S. Effect of β-Glucan Stabilized Virgin Coconut Oil Nanoemulsion on Properties of Croaker Surimi Gel. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1571552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asir Gani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
CHAIYASUT C, PENGKUMSRI N, SIVAMARUTHI BS, SIRILUN S, KESIKA P, SAELEE M, CHAIYASUT K, PEERAJAN S. Extraction of β-glucan of Hericium erinaceus, Avena sativa L., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vivo evaluation of their immunomodulatory effects. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.18217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noppawat PENGKUMSRI
- Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Khontaros CHAIYASUT
- Health Innovation Institute, Thailand; Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ak Sonat F, Alcay S, Toker MB, Peker S, Ustuner B. The effects of dietary restriction and administration of β-glucan from Euglena gracilis on the sperm characteristics and reproductive organs of rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13088. [PMID: 29987855 DOI: 10.1111/and.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possible individual and/or synergistic effects of β-glucan and dietary restrictions on the reproductive parameters of rats. For this purpose, forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 10 per group). The first group was the control, the second group was kept under dietary restriction (DR), the third group was kept under a dietary restriction and given β-glucan (DR + βG) and the fourth group was supplemented only with β-glucan (βG; 20 mg/kg) intragastrically for 14 days. Motility, vitality and morphology of spermatozoa, reproductive organ weights (testis, vesicula seminalis and epididymis) and seminiferous tubule diameters were evaluated in experimental rats. β-glucan had excellent effects on motility, live spermatozoa rate and the acrosome integrity when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). We also observed that β-glucan administration to rats having dietary restriction could improve sperm motility and acrosome integrity (p < 0.05). While the β-glucan improved seminiferous tubule diameter (p < 0.05), weights of the reproductive organs did not change positively as a result. This study demonstrated that β-glucan treatment significantly improved some spermatological characteristics in rats. Therefore, treatment with β-glucan could be used for its positive effects on motility, spermatozoa vitality rate and acrosome integrity for infertile men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Ak Sonat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Görükle/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Selim Alcay
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmed Berk Toker
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sabire Peker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ustuner
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Querio G, Antoniotti S, Foglietta F, Bertea CM, Canaparo R, Gallo MP, Levi R. Chamazulene Attenuates ROS Levels in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells Exposed to High Glucose Concentrations and Hydrogen Peroxide. Front Physiol 2018; 9:246. [PMID: 29615934 PMCID: PMC5869185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells surround the lumen of blood vessels and modulate many physiological processes, including vascular tone, blood fluidity, inflammation, immunity and neovascularization. Many pathological conditions, including hyperglycemia, may alter endothelial function through oxidative stress, leading to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and to the onset of an inflammatory state. As widely shown in the last decade, dietary intervention could represent a good strategy to control endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. In particular, extensive research in the field of antioxidant natural derivatives has been conducted. In this study, we evaluated the capability of Chamazulene (Cham), an azulene compound from chamomile essential oil, to attenuate ROS levels in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) stressed with either high glucose or H2O2. Cell viability at different concentrations of Cham was evaluated through the WST-1 assay, while ROS production acutely induced by High Glucose (HG, 4.5 g/L) treatment or H2O2 (0.5 mM) for 3 h, was quantified with 2′-7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Our results showed a reduction in ROS produced after simultaneous treatment with High Glucose or H2O2 and Cham, thus suggesting an in vitro antioxidant activity of the compound. On the whole, this study shows for the first time the potential role of Cham as a scavenging molecule, suggesting its possible use to prevent the rise of endothelial ROS levels and the consequent vascular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia M Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria P Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Renzo Levi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee JM, Kim JH, Kim KW, Lee BJ, Kim DG, Kim YO, Lee JH, Kong IS. Physicochemical properties, production, and biological functionality of poly-γ-d-glutamic acid with constant molecular weight from halotolerant Bacillus sp. SJ-10. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:598-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
43
|
NAKASHIMA A, YAMADA K, IWATA O, SUGIMOTO R, ATSUJI K, OGAWA T, ISHIBASHI-OHGO N, SUZUKI K. β-Glucan in Foods and Its Physiological Functions. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:8-17. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
44
|
Sargowo D, Ovianti N, Susilowati E, Ubaidillah N, Widya Nugraha A, Vitriyaturrida, Siwi Proboretno K, Failasufi M, Ramadhan F, Wulandari H, Waranugraha Y, Hayuning Putri D. The role of polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum as a potent antioxidant against atherosclerosis in high risk and stable angina patients. Indian Heart J 2017; 70:608-614. [PMID: 30392496 PMCID: PMC6204443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antioxidants can reduce oxidative radicals that affect the early phase of atherogenesis, that is endothelial dysfunction. Polysaccharide Peptide (PsP) derived from Ganoderma lucidum has an active substance in the form of β-glucan. Previous studies have proven the PsP of Ganoderma lucidum as an effective antioxidant in atherosclerotic rats and shows no toxicity in animal model. This study aims to prove the effect of PsP as potent antioxidant in high risk and stable angina patients. Method This is a clinical trial conducted to 37 high risk and 34 stable angina patients, which were determined based on ESC Stable CAD Guidelines and Framingham risk score, with pre and post test design without control group. The parameters are superoxide dimustase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, circulating endothelial cell (CEC) and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts. The patients were given PsP 750 mg/day in 3 divided dose for 90 days. Paired t-test was performed for normally distributed data, and Wilcoxon test for not normally distributed data, and significant level of p ≤ 0,05. Results SOD level in high risk patients slightly increased but not statistically significant with p = 0,22. Level of SOD in stable angina group significantly increased with p = 0,001. MDA concentration significantly reduced in high risk and stable angina patients with p = 0.000. CEC significantly reduced both in high risk and stable angina patients, with p = 0.000 in both groups. EPC count significantly reduced in high risk and stable angina with p = 0.000. Conclusion PsP of Ganoderma lucidum is a potent antioxidant against pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in stable angina and high risk patients
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djanggan Sargowo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Ovianti
- Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Eliana Susilowati
- Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nizamuddin Ubaidillah
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Adriyawan Widya Nugraha
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Vitriyaturrida
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Siwi Proboretno
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mirza Failasufi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Fadhli Ramadhan
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hesti Wulandari
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Waranugraha
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dinarsari Hayuning Putri
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Malfatti CRM, dos Santos FS, Wouk J, da Silva LA, Michel RG, Snak AL, Czervinski T, da Cunha MAA, Barbosa AM, Dekker RFH. Intracerebroventricular administration of the (1→6)-β-d-glucan (lasiodiplodan) in male rats prevents d-penicillamine-induced behavioral alterations and lipoperoxidation in the cortex. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1289-1294. [PMID: 28274189 PMCID: PMC6130678 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1299767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lasiodiplodan, an exocellular (1→6)-β-d-glucan of molecular weight >1.4 × 106 Da produced by MMPI strain of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (Brotyosphaeriaceae) is known to exhibit anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7), anticoagulant activity when sulfonylated, and reduction in transaminase activity when administered in rats. OBJECTIVE The effect of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V) injection of lasiodiplodan on neurotoxicity and behavioural changes induced by d-penicillamine was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were initially separated in groups of six and treated with 0.15 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and d-Pen) and 0.01 μg/μL of lasiodiplodan (Groups Las and Las + d-Pen). After 15 min, they received 6 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and Las) and 2 μmol/μL of d-penicillamine (Groups d-Pen and Las + d-Pen). The animal behavior was observed in an open-field test for 60 min. Twenty-four h later, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological analysis and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production measurements were performed. RESULTS Lasiodiplodan prevented neurotoxicity induced by d-penicillamine significantly reducing the production of TBARS (308%; p < 0.05), and behavioural signs; convulsive and pre-convulsive. No histopathological alterations in the cerebral cortex were observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The reduction of TBARS production and convulsive episodes suggests that the protector effect provided by lasiodiplodan passes thought an antioxidant path, possibly interfering in a cascade of neurochemical events, triggering cell death and convulsive episodes. These results demonstrated that lasiodiplodan can be effective in treating neurotoxicity, and reducing damage triggered by convulsions in neuropathies related to GABAergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Seidel dos Santos
- Teaching of Science and Technology Postgraduate Program, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Wouk
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto da Silva
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Renan Garcia Michel
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Snak
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Tiago Czervinski
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Mário A. Alves da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Pato branco, Pato Branco, Brazil
| | - Aneli M. Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Environmental Engineering Postgraduate Program, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Casieri V, Matteucci M, Cavallini C, Torti M, Torelli M, Lionetti V. Long-term Intake of Pasta Containing Barley (1-3)Beta-D-Glucan Increases Neovascularization-mediated Cardioprotection through Endothelial Upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Parkin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13424. [PMID: 29044182 PMCID: PMC5647408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley (1-3)β-D-Glucan (BBG) enhances angiogenesis. Since pasta is very effective in providing a BBG-enriched diet, we hypothesized that the intake of pasta containing 3% BBG (P-BBG) induces neovascularization-mediated cardioprotection. Healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice fed P-BBG (n = 15) or wheat pasta (Control, n = 15) for five-weeks showed normal glucose tolerance and cardiac function. With a food intake similar to the Control, P-BBG mice showed a 109% survival rate (P < 0.01 vs. Control) after cardiac ischemia (30 min)/reperfusion (60 min) injury. Left ventricular (LV) anion superoxide production and infarct size in P-BBG mice were reduced by 62 and 35% (P < 0.0001 vs. Control), respectively. The capillary and arteriolar density of P-BBG hearts were respectively increased by 12 and 18% (P < 0.05 vs. Control). Compared to the Control group, the VEGF expression in P-BBG hearts was increased by 87.7% (P < 0.05); while, the p53 and Parkin expression was significantly increased by 125% and cleaved caspase-3 levels were reduced by 33% in P-BBG mice. In vitro, BBG was required to induce VEGF, p53 and Parkin expression in human umbelical vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, the BBG-induced Parkin expression was not affected by pifithrin-α (10 uM/7days), a p53 inhibitor. In conclusion, long-term dietary supplementation with P-BBG confers post-ischemic cardioprotection through endothelial upregulation of VEGF and Parkin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Cavallini
- ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration) Laboratory, Innovation Accelerator CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Torti
- Research and Development Unit, Pastificio Attilio Matromauro Granoro s.r.l, Corato, Italy
| | - Michele Torelli
- Research and Development Unit, Pastificio Attilio Matromauro Granoro s.r.l, Corato, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy. .,UOS Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Muramatsu D, Okabe M, Takaoka A, Kida H, Iwai A. Aureobasidium pullulans produced β-glucan is effective to enhance Kurosengoku soybean extract induced Thrombospondin-1 expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2831. [PMID: 28588201 PMCID: PMC5460285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans is extracellularly produced β-(1,3), (1,6)-D-glucan (β-glucan) under certain conditions. In this study, using Glycine max cv. Kurosengoku (Kurosengoku soybeans), the production of β-glucan through fermentation of A. pullulans was evaluated, and the effects of A. pullulans cultured fluid (AP-CF) containing β-glucan made with Kurosengoku soybeans (kAP-CF) on a human monocyte derived cell line, Mono Mac 6 cells were investigated. Concentration of β-glucan in kAP-CF reached the same level as normal AP-CF. An anti-angiogenic protein, Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was effectively induced after the stimulation with kAP-CF for comparison with AP-CF. The THBS1 is also induced after stimulation with hot water extract of Kurosengoku soybeans (KS-E), while the combined stimulation of β-glucan with KS-E more effectively induced THBS1 than that with KS-E alone. These results suggest effects of A. pullulans-produced β-glucan on the enhancement of Kurosengoku soybean-induced THBS1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Muramatsu
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Hokudai Business Spring, North 21, West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Okabe
- Aureo Co., Ltd., 54-1 Kazusakoito, Kimitsu, Chiba, 292-1149, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Hokudai Business Spring, North 21, West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
- Aureo Co., Ltd., 54-1 Kazusakoito, Kimitsu, Chiba, 292-1149, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shah A, Gani A, Masoodi F, Wani SM, Ashwar BA. Structural, rheological and nutraceutical potential of β-glucan from barley and oat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
49
|
Vinoth A, Ravindhran R. Biofortification in Millets: A Sustainable Approach for Nutritional Security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28167953 PMCID: PMC5253353 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional insecurity is a major threat to the world's population that is highly dependent on cereals-based diet, deficient in micronutrients. Next to cereals, millets are the primary sources of energy in the semi-arid tropics and drought-prone regions of Asia and Africa. Millets are nutritionally superior as their grains contain high amount of proteins, essential amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. Biofortification of staple crops is proved to be an economically feasible approach to combat micronutrient malnutrition. HarvestPlus group realized the importance of millet biofortification and released conventionally bred high iron pearl millet in India to tackle iron deficiency. Molecular basis of waxy starch has been identified in foxtail millet, proso millet, and barnyard millet to facilitate their use in infant foods. With close genetic-relatedness to cereals, comparative genomics has helped in deciphering quantitative trait loci and genes linked to protein quality in finger millet. Recently, transgenic expression of zinc transporters resulted in the development of high grain zinc while transcriptomics revealed various calcium sensor genes involved in uptake, translocation, and accumulation of calcium in finger millet. Biofortification in millets is still limited by the presence of antinutrients like phytic acid, polyphenols, and tannins. RNA interference and genome editing tools [zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)] needs to be employed to reduce these antinutrients. In this review paper, we discuss the strategies to accelerate biofortification in millets by summarizing the opportunities and challenges to increase the bioavailability of macro and micronutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vinoth
- T. A. Lourdusamy Unit for Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - R Ravindhran
- T. A. Lourdusamy Unit for Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Suchecka D, Błaszczyk K, Harasym J, Gudej S, Wilczak J, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Impact of purified oat 1-3,1-4-β-d-glucan of different molecular weight on alleviation of inflammation parameters during gastritis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|