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Kenntemich L, von Hülsen L, Eggert L, Kriston L, Gallinat J, Schäfer I, Lotzin A. Trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A longitudinal cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:136-146. [PMID: 38552918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most COVID-19-related mental health research focused on average levels of mental health parameters in the general population. However, considering heterogeneous groups and their long-term responses could deepen our understanding of mental health during community crises. This four-wave study aimed to (1) identify subgroups with different trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the German general population, and (2) investigate associated risk factors. METHODS We analyzed self-report data from N = 1257 German adults participating in a European cohort study, assessed in summer 2020 (T1), and at 6 (T2), 12 (T3), and 30 months (T4). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the PHQ-4. Sociodemographic, health-related, and pandemic-related variables were assessed at baseline. We applied growth mixture modeling to identify subgroups of symptom trajectories and conducted multinomial logistic regression to examine factors associated with class membership. RESULTS We identified six symptom trajectories: Low-stable (n = 971, 77.2 %), Continuous deterioration (n = 30, 2.4 %), Transient deterioration (n = 75, 6.0 %), Continuous improvement (n = 97, 7.7 %), Transient improvement (n = 38, 3.0 %) and Chronicity (n = 46, 3.7 %). Age, education, work status, mental health diagnoses, self-reported health, and pandemic-related news consumption were significantly associated with subgroup membership. LIMITATIONS The generalizability of the study is constrained by an unrepresentative sampling method, a notable dropout rate, and limited consideration of risk factors. CONCLUSION Most people experienced low symptoms or improvement during the pandemic, while others experienced chronic or transient symptoms. Specific risk factors were associated with these trajectories, revealing nuanced mental health dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kenntemich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonie von Hülsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Eggert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Levente Kriston
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Zeng Y, Hu CH, Li YZ, Zhou JS, Wang SX, Liu MD, Qiu ZH, Deng C, Ma F, Xia CF, Liang F, Peng YR, Liang AX, Shi SH, Yao SJ, Liu JQ, Xiao WJ, Lin XQ, Tian XY, Zhang YZ, Tian ZY, Zou JA, Li YS, Xiao CY, Xu T, Zhang XJ, Wang XP, Liu XL, Wu F. Association between pretreatment emotional distress and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-02929-4. [PMID: 38740994 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Emotional distress (ED), commonly characterized by symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, is prevalent in patients with cancer. Preclinical studies suggest that ED can impair antitumor immune responses, but few clinical studies have explored its relationship with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Here we report results from cohort 1 of the prospective observational STRESS-LUNG study, which investigated the association between ED and clinical efficacy of first-line treatment of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. ED was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. The study included 227 patients with 111 (48.9%) exhibiting ED who presented depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5) and/or anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item score ≥5) symptoms at baseline. On the primary endpoint analysis, patients with baseline ED exhibited a significantly shorter median progression-free survival compared with those without ED (7.9 months versus 15.5 months, hazard ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 2.43, P = 0.002). On the secondary endpoint analysis, ED was associated with lower objective response rate (46.8% versus 62.1%, odds ratio 0.54, P = 0.022), reduced 2-year overall survival rate of 46.5% versus 64.9% (hazard ratio for death 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 2.97, P = 0.016) and detriments in quality of life. The exploratory analysis indicated that the ED group showed elevated blood cortisol levels, which was associated with adverse survival outcomes. This study suggests that there is an association between ED and worse clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with ICIs, highlighting the potential significance of addressing ED in cancer management. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05477979 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Hong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Zheng Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Song Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Xing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng-Dong Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhen-Hua Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Fang Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Rong Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ao-Xi Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Hao Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Jiao Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Qi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Qiao Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Yu Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-An Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Shu Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao-Yue Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Ling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, China.
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Kawai H, Ejiri M, Imamura K, Ito K, Fujiwara Y, Hirano H, Ihara K, Obuchi S. Three-year trajectories of social networks, face-to-face interactions, and non-face-to-face interactions among community-dwelling older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: Otassha study. Maturitas 2024; 183:107943. [PMID: 38367365 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the trajectories of social networks and interactions among older Japanese individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN We used data from a cohort of community-dwelling older individuals from the Otassha study's 2019-2022 survey. Participants comprised 606 older individuals who participated in the 2019 survey and were followed up at least once. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Social networks were assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), whereas social interactions were assessed by the frequency of face-to-face or non-face-to-face contact with non-resident family members and friends. Trajectories of the LSNS-6 and face-to-face and non-face-to-face interactions were identified using group-based semiparametric mixture modeling. The trajectories of change in the LSNS-6 from 2019 were also identified. The factors associated with the changes in trajectory patterns were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Three LSNS-6 trajectories were identified, with slightly decreasing patterns over time. Specifically, face-to-face interactions tended to decrease over time, whereas non-face-to-face interactions exhibited almost no change. The reduction in LSNS-6 in the decreased pattern failed to recover to its pre-pandemic level. The group of participants with the decreased pattern had a significantly higher proportion of people participating in group activities [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval): 2.27 (1.12-4.59)] and performing calisthenics twice a week than the group with the maintained pattern [2.08 (1.18-3.68)]. CONCLUSIONS During the three years of the pandemic, no changes were observed in the social networks of community-dwelling older Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Manami Ejiri
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Keigo Imamura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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4
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Eichholtzer AC, Driscoll DA, Patrick R, Galletta L, Lawson J. The co-benefits of biodiversity citizen science for well-being and nature relatedness. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:515-536. [PMID: 37876142 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Human well-being is dependent on the health of our planet. Biodiversity-related citizen science supports conservation research, and there is increasing interest in its potential as a health co-benefits intervention. This randomized controlled study investigates the health co-benefits of biodiversity citizen science participation. Seventy participants were randomly assigned to a citizen science project or control group for an 8-month period. Both groups completed pre- and post-intervention surveys, evaluating nature relatedness, self-efficacy related to biodiversity loss, subjective well-being, and climate change anxiety. A subset (N = 13) of participants engaged in the citizen science project also took part in focus group discussions. The intervention group reported a significant increase in nature relatedness and self-efficacy to help address issues of biodiversity loss. Although no significant changes were observed for other well-being or anxiety scales, most participants reported positive outcomes related to mental or physical well-being in focus groups. There were stronger positive effects for participants without previous environmental volunteering experience. These results suggest that citizen science participation has the potential to contribute to Planetary Health goals, with sustained co-benefits for well-being and nature relatedness. Future interventions evaluating co-benefits should consider previous environmental volunteering experience and focus on participants with little experience to maximize health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Eichholtzer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Don A Driscoll
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Patrick
- School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Galletta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Lawson
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Maccallum F, Breen LJ, Phillips JL, Agar MR, Hosie A, Tieman J, DiGiacomo M, Luckett T, Philip J, Ivynian S, Chang S, Dadich A, Grossman CH, Gilmore I, Harlum J, Kinchin I, Glasgow N, Lobb EA. The mental health of Australians bereaved during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: a latent class analysis. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1361-1372. [PMID: 38179660 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many areas of life, including culturally accepted practices at end-of-life care, funeral rites, and access to social, community, and professional support. This survey investigated the mental health outcomes of Australians bereaved during this time to determine how these factors might have impacted bereavement outcomes. METHODS An online survey indexing pandemic and bereavement experiences, levels of grief, depression, anxiety, and health, work, and social impairment. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify groups of individuals who shared similar symptom patterns. Multinomial regressions identified pandemic-related, loss-related, and sociodemographic correlates of class membership. RESULTS 1911 Australian adults completed the survey. The LCA identified four classes: low symptoms (46.8%), grief (17.3%), depression/anxiety (17.7%), and grief/depression/anxiety (18.2%). The latter group reported the highest levels of health, work, and social impairment. The death of a child or partner and an inability to care for the deceased due to COVID-19 public health measures were correlated with grief symptoms (with or without depression and anxiety). Preparedness for the person's death and levels of pandemic-related loneliness and social isolation differentiated all four classes. Unemployment was associated with depression/anxiety (with or without grief). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 had profound impacts for the way we lived and died, with effects that are likely to ricochet through society into the foreseeable future. These lessons learned must inform policymakers and healthcare professionals to improve bereavement care and ensure preparedness during and following future predicted pandemics to prevent negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maccallum
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - L J Breen
- School of Population Health and enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J L Phillips
- Faculty of Health and Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M R Agar
- Faculty of Health, IMPACCT Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - A Hosie
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Notre Dame Australia and St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, Australia
| | - J Tieman
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M DiGiacomo
- Faculty of Health, IMPACCT Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - T Luckett
- Faculty of Health, IMPACCT Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - J Philip
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Ivynian
- Faculty of Health, IMPACCT Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Chang
- Faculty of Health, IMPACCT Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - A Dadich
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - C H Grossman
- Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, Caulfield South, VIC, Australia
| | - I Gilmore
- Faculty of Health, IMPACCT Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - J Harlum
- District Palliative Care Service, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - I Kinchin
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Glasgow
- Australian National University College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - E A Lobb
- Faculty of Health, IMPACCT Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Department of Palliative Care, Calvary Health Care, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
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6
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Arena AF, Collins D, Mackinnon A, Mobbs S, Lavender I, Harvey SB, Deady M. Job Loss Due to COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study of Mental Health, Protective and Risk Factors. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241248601. [PMID: 38670924 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241248601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on unemployment, which-compounded by the additional stressors associated with the pandemic-had considerable mental health impact. The current study examined the trajectory of mental health amongst those experiencing pandemic-related job loss, alongside the impact of risk and protective factors. Data were obtained from 374 Australian participants who were allocated to a waitlist control arm of a randomised control trial. The outcome variables assessed at baseline and six-month follow-up consisted of depression, anxiety, and suicidality. The assessed risk and protective factors were age, gender, relationship status, education, exercise frequency, COVID-related stress, dispositional resilience, and coping self-efficacy. Re-employment by follow-up was used as a covariate. Overall, there were decreases in depression and anxiety symptoms, and partial evidence of decreased suicidality, demonstrating an apparent capacity for individuals to better cope with their circumstances over time. Demographics and exercise had no effect on changes in mental health. Those with high COVID-related stress, low resilience, and low coping self-efficacy had worse mental health at baseline, although exhibited significantly greater improvements in mental health over time. Obtaining re-employment by follow-up did not predict changes in mental health. The present results offer an optimistic picture of recovery for those experiencing pandemic-related job loss, even for those with the most substantial risk and severity. The likely protective role played by Australian social welfare policies over the course of the study is explored. Stress around one's broader sociocultural or economic circumstances, perceived resilience, and coping self-efficacy are valuable targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Arena
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Collins
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophia Mobbs
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Isobel Lavender
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Chan JK, Marzuki AA, Vafa S, Thanaraju A, Yap J, Chan XW, Harris HA, Todi K, Schaefer A. A systematic review on the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and emotional disorder symptoms during Covid-19: unearthing the potential role of economic concerns and financial strain. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:237. [PMID: 38671542 PMCID: PMC11046828 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 has disrupted the lives of many and resulted in high prevalence rates of mental disorders. Despite a vast amount of research into the social determinants of mental health during Covid-19, little is known about whether the results are consistent with the social gradient in mental health. Here we report a systematic review of studies that investigated how socioeconomic condition (SEC)-a multifaceted construct that measures a person's socioeconomic standing in society, using indicators such as education and income, predicts emotional health (depression and anxiety) risk during the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined which classes of SEC indicators would best predict symptoms of emotional disorders. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted search over six databases, including Scopus, PubMed, etc., between November 4, 2021 and November 11, 2021 for studies that investigated how SEC indicators predict emotional health risks during Covid-19, after obtaining approval from PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021288508). Using Covidence as the platform, 362 articles (324 cross-sectional/repeated cross-sectional and 38 longitudinal) were included in this review according to the eligibility criteria. We categorized SEC indicators into 'actual versus perceived' and 'static versus fluid' classes to explore their differential effects on emotional health. RESULTS Out of the 1479 SEC indicators used in these 362 studies, our results showed that 43.68% of the SEC indicators showed 'expected' results (i.e., higher SEC predicting better emotional health outcomes); 51.86% reported non-significant results and 4.46% reported the reverse. Economic concerns (67.16% expected results) and financial strains (64.16%) emerged as the best predictors while education (26.85%) and living conditions (30.14%) were the worst. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes how different SEC indicators influenced emotional health risks across 98 countries, with a total of 5,677,007 participants, ranging from high to low-income countries. Our findings showed that not all SEC indicators were strongly predictive of emotional health risks. In fact, over half of the SEC indicators studied showed a null effect. We found that perceived and fluid SEC indicators, particularly economic concerns and financial strain could best predict depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings have implications for policymakers to further understand how different SEC classes affect mental health during a pandemic in order to tackle associated social issues effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Kei Chan
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Sunway University Malaysia, Room: 4-4-11, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aleya A Marzuki
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Samira Vafa
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Arjun Thanaraju
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jie Yap
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Xiou Wen Chan
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Atasha Harris
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khushi Todi
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Alexandre Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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8
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Murray K, Dawel A, Batterham PJ, Gulliver A, Farrer LM, Rodney Harris RM, Shou Y, Calear AL. Cognitive reappraisal moderates the protective effect of body satisfaction on mental health and wellbeing in adults: A prospective study during COVID-19 lockdown. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:268-277. [PMID: 38290577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body satisfaction is associated with mental health and well-being in adults. However, prospective studies are needed to better understand its protective effects, and in whom these are most beneficial. This study investigated body satisfaction as a predictor of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety, and well-being in a representative Australian sample collected during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Two emotion regulation strategies - cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression - were also tested as moderating variables. METHODS The sample comprised 684 adults aged 19 to 87 years who completed three primary waves of data spanning two months [Wave 3 (W3), W4 and W7] from the Australian National COVID-19 Mental Health, Behaviour and Risk Communication Survey. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression models controlling for demographic and COVID-19 risk factors, as well as W3 for each outcome variable, indicated that W3 body satisfaction predicted greater W7 well-being, and fewer W7 depressive symptoms and greater W7 well-being in participants reporting low levels of W4 cognitive reappraisal. No moderation for W4 expressive suppression was observed, nor predictive relationships between W3 body satisfaction and W7 anxiety. LIMITATIONS The two-month follow-up period precludes conclusions relating to the longer-term protective effects of body satisfaction within and beyond the pandemic context. Examination of focal relationships in clinical samples, and inclusion of broader indices of body image, emotion regulation and mental health, is needed in future studies. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest body satisfaction warrants attention in community well-being promotion in adults, and may be particularly beneficial for those lack adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Murray
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Amy Dawel
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549; Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for The Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117602
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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9
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Skinner A, Occhipinti JA, Song YJC, Hickie IB. Mental health impacts of COVID-19: A retrospective analysis of dynamic modelling projections for Australia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28250. [PMID: 38586382 PMCID: PMC10998102 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In early 2020, we developed a dynamic model to support policy responses aimed at mitigating the adverse mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. As the pandemic has progressed, it has become clear that our initial model forecasts overestimated the impacts of infection control measures (lockdowns, physical distancing, etc.) on suicide, intentional self-harm hospitalisation, and mental health-related emergency department (ED) presentation rates. Methods Potential explanations for the divergence of our model predictions from observed outcomes were assessed by comparing simulation results for a set of progressively more refined models with data on the prevalence of moderate to very high psychological distress and numbers of suicides, intentional self-harm hospitalisations, and mental health-related ED presentations published after our modelling was released in July 2020. Results Allowing per capita rates of spontaneous recovery and intentional self-harm to differ between people experiencing moderate to very high psychological distress prior to the pandemic and those developing comparable levels of psychological distress only as a consequence of infection control measures substantially improves the fit of our model to empirical estimates of the prevalence of psychological distress and leads to significantly lower predicted effects of COVID-19 on suicide, intentional self-harm hospitalisation, and mental health-related ED presentation rates. Conclusion Accommodating the influence of prior mental health on the psychological effects of population-wide social and economic disruption is likely to be critical for accurately forecasting the mental health impacts of future public health crises as they inevitably arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Skinner
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jo-An Occhipinti
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Computer Simulation and Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, Australia
| | - Yun Ju Christine Song
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Sung S, Kim SH, Kim Y, Bae YS, Chie EK. Exploring depressive symptom trajectories in COVID-19 patients with clinically mild condition in South Korea using remote patient monitoring: longitudinal data analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1265848. [PMID: 38660352 PMCID: PMC11039781 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1265848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Korean government temporarily allowed full scale telehealth care for safety and usability. However, limited studies have evaluated the impact of telehealth by analyzing the physical and/or mental health data of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis collected through telehealth targeting Korean population. Objective This study aimed to identify subgroup of depressive symptom trajectories in patients with clinically mild COVID-19 using collected longitudinal data from a telehealth-based contactless clinical trial. Methods A total of 199 patients with COVID-19 were accrued for contactless clinical trial using telehealth from March 23 to July 20, 2022. Depressive symptoms were measured using the patient health questionnaire-9 on the start day of quarantine, on the final day of quarantine, and 1 month after release from quarantine. Additionally, acute COVID-19 symptoms were assessed every day during quarantine. This study used a latent class mixed model to differentiate subgroups of depressive symptom trajectories and a logistic regression model with Firth's correction to identify associations between acute COVID-19 symptoms and the subgroups. Results Two latent classes were identified: class 1 with declining linearity at a slow rate and class 2 with increasing linearity. Among COVID-19 symptoms, fever, chest pain, and brain fog 1 month after release from quarantine showed strong associations with class 2 (fever: OR, 19.43, 95% CI, 2.30-165.42; chest pain: OR, 6.55, 95% CI, 1.15-34.61; brain fog: OR, 7.03, 95% CI 2.57-20.95). Sleeping difficulty and gastrointestinal symptoms were also associated with class 2 (gastrointestinal symptoms: OR, 4.76, 95% CI, 1.71-14.21; sleeping difficulty: OR, 3.12, 95% CI, 1.71-14.21). Conclusion These findings emphasize the need for the early detection of depressive symptoms in patients in the acute phase of COVID-19 using telemedicine. Active intervention, including digital therapeutics, may help patients with aggravated depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Sung
- Department of Nursing Science, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Information Statistics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youlim Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Bae
- Division of Healthcare Planning, Bigdata Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyu Chie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Aikebaier S. COVID-19, new challenges to human safety: a global review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1371238. [PMID: 38550317 PMCID: PMC10972861 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1371238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable human development, human safety has gradually shifted from traditional state and political conflict to social conflict and horizontal inequality, and the pandemic has exacerbated this variation risk. This narrative review includes literature from 40 countries on five continents since 2020, explored and tidy up the impacts of pandemics on human safety based on three perspectives: personal safety, family safety and social safety, refined the macroscopic concept of human safety. The comprehensibility of the global review conclusions is enhanced by combining it with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Finally, some novel and comparative results are included to broaden the understanding of the impact of the pandemic, and help policymaker better understand human safety changes from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saierdaer Aikebaier
- Department of Public Administration, School of Public Affairs, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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12
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Fernandes A, Ferreira S, Moreira P, Machado-Sousa M, Couto B, Raposo-Lima C, Costa P, Morgado P, Picó-Pérez M. Stress, anxiety, and depression trajectories during the "first wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic: what drives resilient, adaptive and maladaptive responses in the Portuguese population? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333997. [PMID: 38414900 PMCID: PMC10897044 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 outbreak and the community mitigation strategies implemented to reduce new SARS-CoV-2 infections can be regarded as powerful stressors with negative consequences on people's mental health. Although it has been shown that negative emotional symptoms subside during lockdown, it is likely the existence of inter-individual differences in stress, anxiety and depression trajectories throughout lockdown. Objectives We aimed to cluster participants' according to their trajectories of stress, anxiety and depression scores throughout lockdown, and identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors that may distinguish the subjects included in the different clusters. Methods From March 23, 2020, to May 31, 2020, participants completed weekly online questionnaires on sociodemographic information (age, sex, education level, and employment status), psychological functioning (DASS-21, NEO-FFI-20), and clinical data (psychiatric disorders, psychiatric medication, physical disorders). Data regarding smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and time spent daily looking for COVID-19-related information were also collected. Stress, anxiety and depression trajectories were determined using latent class mixed models. Results A total of 2040 participants answered the survey at baseline and 603 participants answered all surveys. Three groups ("Resilient," "Recovered," and "Maladaptive") with distinct mental health trajectories were identified. Younger participants, women, participants with lower education level, not working, studying, diagnosed with a mental disorder, taking psychiatric medication, smokers, those who spent more time consuming COVID-19-related information and those with higher neuroticism tended to cluster in the "Maladaptive" group, placing them at higher risk of persistent negative emotional symptoms during compulsory confinement. Conclusion Accordingly, a tailored approach to emotional suffering for vulnerable subjects during the COVID-19 and future pandemics must be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Machado-Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Couto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Raposo-Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
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13
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Poštuvan V, Krohne N, Lavrič M, Gomboc V, De Leo D, Rojs L. A Lonelier World after COVID-19: Longitudinal Population-Based Study of Well-Being, Emotional and Social Loneliness, and Suicidal Behaviour in Slovenia. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:312. [PMID: 38399599 PMCID: PMC10890292 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) goes beyond the consequences of the infectious disease, especially as the measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus have had a very profound impact on people's social relationships and everyday lives. Several studies have investigated these effects, but there is a lack of longitudinal studies in Central Europe. Objective: The aim of our study was to observe changes in well-being, loneliness, and suicidal behaviour before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using the same population-based cohort. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 440 participants completed online questionnaires at four time points: 2019 (wave 0), 2021 (wave 1), 2022 (wave 2), and 2023 (wave 3). Results: The results show significant changes in the levels of well-being and loneliness over these periods. In particular, both social and emotional loneliness increased during the pandemic, while emotional loneliness increased to a greater extent without further decreases. Well-being appeared to increase after pandemic-related restrictions diminished but decreased again one year later. No significant changes concerning suicidal ideation were observed. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people perceive their well-being and especially their relationships with others. From the data, we can conclude that people's worldview is now lonelier than before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Poštuvan
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nina Krohne
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Meta Lavrič
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Vanja Gomboc
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Diego De Leo
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Lucia Rojs
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Saunders R, Buckman JEJ, Suh JW, Fonagy P, Pilling S, Bu F, Fancourt D. Variation in symptoms of common mental disorders in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal cohort study. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e45. [PMID: 38344903 PMCID: PMC10897705 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant rise in mental health disorders was expected during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, referrals to mental health services dropped for several months before rising to pre-pandemic levels. AIMS To identify trajectories of incidence and risk factors for common mental disorders among the general population during 14 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform potential mental health service needs. METHOD A cohort of 33 703 adults in England in the University College London COVID-19 Social Study provided data from March 2020 to May 2021. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify trajectories based on the probability of participants reporting symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) or anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) in the clinical range, for each month. Sociodemographic and personality-related characteristics associated with each trajectory class were explored. RESULTS Five trajectory classes were identified for depression and anxiety. Participants in the largest class (62%) were very unlikely to report clinically significant symptom levels. Other trajectories represented participants with a high likelihood of clinically significant symptoms throughout, early clinically significant symptoms that reduced over time, clinically significant symptoms that emerged as the pandemic unfolded and a moderate likelihood of clinically significant symptoms throughout. Females, younger adults, carers, those with existing mental health diagnoses, those that socialised frequently pre-pandemic and those with higher neuroticism scores were more likely to experience depression or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 40% of participants followed trajectories indicating risk of clinically significant symptoms of depression or anxiety. The identified risk factors could inform public health interventions to target individuals at risk in future health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Saunders
- CORE Data Lab, Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Joshua E J Buckman
- CORE Data Lab, Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, UK; and iCope Psychological Therapies Service, Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jae Won Suh
- CORE Data Lab, Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Stephen Pilling
- CORE Data Lab, Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, UK; and Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Feifei Bu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
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Jones P, Blumfield M, Beckett E, Marshall S, Abbott K, Duve E, Fayet‐Moore F. Real world evidence on the characteristics of regular and intermittent users of a very-low calorie diet program and associations with measures of program success, health, and quality of life. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e712. [PMID: 38264009 PMCID: PMC10804350 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Very low-calorie diet (VLCD) programs are readily available in Australia. However, there is a lack of real-world evidence describing the characteristics related to positive outcomes. Aims To examine the demographic, eating, self-efficacy and program engagement characteristics of VLCD users in Australia, and the associations between user characteristics and program success, weight loss, quality of life (QOL) and health. Method Cross-sectional data from Australian adults: regular users (n = 189: VLCD user ≥4 days/week for >4 weeks) and intermittent users (n = 111, VLCD user <4 weeks and/or <4 days/week). Self-reported data on demographics, VLCD program use, support, eating behavior, weight-related QOL, mental health, physical health, self-efficacy, and physical activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in R. Results Compared to regular users, intermittent users reported lower percentage weight loss (15.1% ± SD 9.8 vs. 9.9% ± SD 6.8, relative to starting weight), fewer reported their VLCD program as very successful (44% vs. 35%), higher depressive symptom scores (8.7 ± SD 2.8 vs. 6.7 ± SD 5.1), and lower general self-efficacy (23.9 ± SD 4.7 vs. 29.4 ± SD 5.7), nutrition self-efficacy (11.9 ± SD 2.0 vs. 14.5 ± SD 3.1) and weight-related QOL scores (60.9 ± SD 22.2 vs. 65.0 ± SD 11.8; p < 0.001 for all). In regular users, older age and longer program duration were associated with greater total weight loss, support, and program success (p < 0.001 for all). In intermittent users, program success was greater when dietitian support was used (odds ratio [OR] 6.50) and for those with higher BMIs (OR 1.08, p < 0.001 for all). In both groups, more frequent support was associated with better weight-related QOL (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides real-world evidence that regular VLCD users had greater success and weight loss than intermittent program users. These findings may be used to tailor and improve the delivery of VLCD programs in Australia and other countries with retail access to VLCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Jones
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michelle Blumfield
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emma Beckett
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Skye Marshall
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research GroupFaculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emily Duve
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Flavia Fayet‐Moore
- Department of ScienceNutrition Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
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16
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Batterham PJ, Dawel A, Shou Y, Gulliver A, Cherbuin N, Calear AL, Farrer LM, Monaghan C. COVID-19 infection associated with poorer mental health in a representative population sample. J Psychosom Res 2024; 177:111588. [PMID: 38181548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited evidence of the direct effects of COVID-19 infection on mental health, and whether these are influenced by vaccination or physical health symptoms. We aimed to investigate the relationships of COVID-19 infection, current symptom presentation, and vaccination status with mental health symptoms in adults. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional sample of the Australian adult population that was representative by age, gender, and location was recruited through market research panels (N = 1407, 51.3% female, mean age 47.9 years). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the associations of COVID-19 infection history and current COVID-19 symptoms with symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and social anxiety (Mini-Social Phobia Inventory). RESULTS COVID-19 infection was associated with significantly higher depression and anxiety symptoms, but only in those who were not fully vaccinated. Current experience of COVID-related symptoms was associated with significantly higher depression and anxiety symptoms, and attenuated the direct effect of infection on mental health outcomes to non-significance. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection may be associated with increased mental health symptoms. However, the effects of infection on mental health were primarily evident in those who were not fully vaccinated and were explained by greater physical health problems associated with COVID-19 infection. The findings reinforce the efficacy of vaccination for reducing physical and mental health symptoms following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for The Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Conal Monaghan
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Cherbuin N, Bansal A, Dahlstrom JE, Carlisle H, Broom M, Nanan R, Sutherland S, Vardoulakis S, Phillips CB, Peek MJ, Christensen BK, Davis D, Nolan CJ. Bushfires and Mothers' Mental Health in Pregnancy and Recent Post-Partum. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 21:7. [PMID: 38276795 PMCID: PMC10815782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The compounding effects of climate change catastrophes such as bushfires and pandemics impose significant burden on individuals, societies, and their economies. The enduring effects of such syndemics on mental health remain poorly understood, particularly for at-risk populations (e.g., pregnant women and newborns). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of direct and indirect exposure to the 2019/20 Australian Capital Territory and South-Eastern New South Wales bushfires followed by COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of pregnant women and mothers with newborn babies. METHODS All women who were pregnant, had given birth, or were within three months of conceiving during the 2019/2020 bushfires, lived within the catchment area, and provided consent were invited to participate. Those who consented were asked to complete three online surveys. Mental health was assessed with the DASS-21 and the WHO-5. Bushfire, smoke, and COVID-19 exposures were assessed by self-report. Cross-sectional associations between exposures and mental health measures were tested with hierarchical regression models. RESULTS Of the women who participated, and had minimum data (n = 919), most (>75%) reported at least one acute bushfire exposure and 63% reported severe smoke exposure. Compared to Australian norms, participants had higher depression (+12%), anxiety (+35%), and stress (+43%) scores. Women with greater exposure to bushfires/smoke but not COVID-19 had poorer scores on all mental health measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel evidence that the mental health of pregnant women and mothers of newborn babies is vulnerable to major climate catastrophes such as bushfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cherbuin
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Amita Bansal
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.B.); (C.J.N.)
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jane E. Dahlstrom
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.B.); (C.J.N.)
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia; (H.C.)
| | - Hazel Carlisle
- The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia; (H.C.)
| | - Margaret Broom
- The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia; (H.C.)
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia;
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Sydney Medical School and Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia;
| | - Stewart Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.B.); (C.J.N.)
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Christine B. Phillips
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.B.); (C.J.N.)
| | - Michael J. Peek
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.B.); (C.J.N.)
| | - Bruce K. Christensen
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.B.); (C.J.N.)
| | - Deborah Davis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia;
- Nursing and Midwifery Office, ACT Government Health Directorate, Phillip, ACT 2606, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Nolan
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.B.); (C.J.N.)
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia; (H.C.)
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Chilver MR, Burns RA, Botha F, Butterworth P. Comparing estimates of psychological distress using 7-day and 30-day recall periods: Does it make a difference? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295535. [PMID: 38064444 PMCID: PMC10707700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-report measures are widely used in mental health research and may use different recall periods depending on the purpose of the assessment. A range of studies aiming to monitor changes in mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic opted to shorten recall periods to increase sensitivity to change over time compared to standard, longer recall periods. However, many of these studies lack pre-pandemic data using the same recall period and may rely on pre-existing data using standard recall periods as a reference point for assessing the impact of the pandemic on mental health. The aim of this study was to assess whether comparing scores on the same questionnaire with a different recall period is valid. A nationally representative sample of 327 participants in Australia completed a 7-day and 30-day version of the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and a single-item measure of psychological distress (TTPN item) developed for the Taking the Pulse of the Nation survey. Linear mixed models and mixed logistic regression models were used to assess whether altering the recall period systematically changed response patterns within subjects. No substantive recall period effects were found for the K6 or the TTPN, although there was a trend towards higher K6 scores when asked about the past 30 days compared to the past 7 days (b = 1.00, 95% CI: -0.18, 2.17). This may have been driven by the "feeling nervous" item which was rated higher using the 30-day compared to the 7-day recall period. Neither the K6 nor the TTPN item were significantly affected by the recall period when reduced to a binary variable of likely severe mental illness. The results indicate that altering the recall period of psychological distress measures does not substantively alter the score distribution in the general population of Australian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R. Chilver
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Richard A. Burns
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ferdi Botha
- Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Butterworth
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Catalan A, Tognin S, Hammoud R, Aymerich C, Pedruzo B, Bilbao-Gonzalez A, Salazar de Pablo G, Pacho M, Fusar-Poli P, Gonzalez-Torres MÁ. Understanding the relationship between time spent outdoors, mental well-being and health-related behaviours in a Spanish sample: A real time smartphone-based study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115494. [PMID: 37783095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic has affected our lifestyle and physical and mental well-being. We aimed to study the effect of being outdoors and mental well-being after the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used smartphone based ecological momentary assessments (EMA) (Urban Mind app) to study the mental well-being of the Spanish general population. We collected socio-demographic data, past and current physical and mental health, and social and physical environment. Participants were recruited during 5 months (February to June 2021). Longitudinal associations between EMA and anxiety, depression, loneliness, tiredness, and happiness during the assessments were investigated using random intercept ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS 274 subjects downloaded the app and completed the baseline assessment. 66 participants completed at least 50 % of the assessments. Being outdoors was related to a lower likelihood of anxiety (OR: 0.48, 95 %CI 0.34-0.66), depression (OR: 0.40, 95 %CI 0.28-0.56), tiredness (OR: 0.47, 95 %CI 0.35-0.63), and loneliness (OR: 0.59, 95 %CI 0.42-0.84), and a higher likelihood of happiness (OR: 2.14, 95 %CI 1.57-2.93). CONCLUSIONS Being outdoors is related to better mental health in the general population independently of other factors (baseline mental well-being or socio-demographic characteristics). Public policies should include measurements to promote outdoor spaces in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catalan
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King´s College London, London, UK.
| | - Stefania Tognin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King´s College London, London, UK; Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ryan Hammoud
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King´s College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Aymerich
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Pedruzo
- OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amaia Bilbao-Gonzalez
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Research and Innovation Unit, Bilbao, Spain; Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Bilbao, Spain; Kronikgune Institute for Health Services Research, Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain; Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Spain
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Malein Pacho
- OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King´s College London, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy; Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudlsey (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Gonzalez-Torres
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Lu L, Hannigan LJ, Brandlistuen RE, Nesvåg R, Trogstad L, Magnus P, Unnarsdóttir AB, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Andreassen OA, Ask H. Mental Distress Among Norwegian Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predictors in Initial Response and Subsequent Trajectories. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606164. [PMID: 38024210 PMCID: PMC10630161 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify factors associated with change in mental distress at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, relative to pre-pandemic levels, and with changes during the following 1.5 years. Methods: The prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study collected eight waves of data during the pandemic (March 2020-September 2021) in 105,972 adult participants used for this analyses. A piecewise latent growth model was fitted to identify initial level and longitudinal changes in mental distress. Results: Mental distress peaked at the beginning of the pandemic. Factors associated with initial increases were: medical conditions, living alone, history of psychiatric disorders, lower education, female sex, younger age, and obesity. Being quarantined or infected with SARS-CoV-2 were associated with increasing distress while being vaccinated was associated with reduced mental distress. Conclusion: Having a chronic disease and being quarantined or infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus were associated with more mental distress during the pandemic. This knowledge is important for planning interventions to support individuals during future pandemics and other societal crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Institute of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Norment Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurie J. Hannigan
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ragnhild E. Brandlistuen
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bára Unnarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norment Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norment Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Ask
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Strizzi JM, Pavan S, Frederiksen EL, Andersson M, Graugaard C, Frisch M, Hald GM. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in Denmark during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-wave matched-control study. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:563-573. [PMID: 37137485 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Subsequent to the restriction measures taken to curb the COVID-19 infection rate, researchers theorized these would have detrimental mental health consequences. This two-wave matched-control study investigates depression and anxiety symptoms during the first 12 months of the pandemic (March 2020-March 2021) in Denmark with data from the I-SHARE and Project SEXUS studies. The I-SHARE study includes 1,302 (Time period 1 only n = 914, Time period 2 only n = 304, both time periods 1 and2 n = 84) Danish participants, and the sex and birth year-matched control participants from the Project SEXUS study comprise 9,980 Danes. During the first year of the pandemic, the study populations' anxiety and depression symptom mean levels did not significantly differ from pre-pandemic matched controls. Younger age, female gender, fewer children in the same household (depression only), lower education level, and not being in a relationship (depression only) were associated with increased anxiety and depression symptom scores. The key COVID-19-related variable linked with significantly higher anxiety and depression symptom scores was COVID-19-related loss of income. Contrary to initial concerns, we did not find a significant effect of the pandemic on anxiety and depression symptom scores. However, the results underscore the importance of structural resources to prevent income loss to safeguard mental health during crises such as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Pavan
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Graugaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Sexology Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Frisch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Sexology Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Shilton T, Mancini AD, Perlstein S, DiDomenico GE, Visoki E, Greenberg DM, Brown LA, Gur RC, Gur RE, Waller RE, Barzilay R. Contribution of risk and resilience factors to anxiety trajectories during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Stress Health 2023; 39:927-939. [PMID: 36751725 PMCID: PMC10404639 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, and the response of governments to mitigate the pandemic's spread, resulted in exceptional circumstances that comprised a major global stressor, with broad implications for mental health. We aimed to delineate anxiety trajectories over three time-points in the first 6 months of the pandemic and identify baseline risk and resilience factors that predicted anxiety trajectories. Within weeks of the pandemic onset, we established a website (covid19resilience.org), and enrolled 1362 participants (n = 1064 from US; n = 222 from Israel) who provided longitudinal data between April-September 2020. We used latent growth mixture modelling to identify anxiety trajectories and ran multivariate regression models to compare characteristics between trajectory classes. A four-class model best fit the data, including a resilient trajectory (stable low anxiety) the most common (n = 961, 75.08%), and chronic anxiety (n = 149, 11.64%), recovery (n = 96, 7.50%) and delayed anxiety (n = 74, 5.78%) trajectories. Resilient participants were older, not living alone, with higher income, more education, and reported fewer COVID-19 worries and better sleep quality. Higher resilience factors' scores, specifically greater emotion regulation and lower conflict relationships, also uniquely distinguished the resilient trajectory. Results are consistent with the pre-pandemic resilience literature suggesting that most individuals show stable mental health in the face of stressful events. Findings can inform preventative interventions for improved mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Shilton
- Sheba Medical Centre, Child Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Israel
| | | | - Samantha Perlstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace E DiDomenico
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elina Visoki
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lily A Brown
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Parker EL, Banfield M, Fassnacht DB, Phillips CB, Harrison C. Anxiety management in Australian general practice: an analysis of encounters from 2006 - 2016. BMC Prim Care 2023; 24:156. [PMID: 37542213 PMCID: PMC10401842 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions managed predominantly by general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to examine the management of anxiety by Australian GPs since the introduction of the Better Access to Psychiatrists, Psychologists and General Practitioners initiative in 2006. METHODS We conducted secondary analysis of Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health data on GP encounters for anxiety from 2006 to 2016 (N = 28,784). We calculated point estimates and used multivariate logistic regression to explore the effect of GP and patient characteristics on rates and types of management. RESULTS The management rate of anxiety increased from 2.3% of GP encounters in 2006 to 3.2% in 2016. Over the 10-year period, increases were seen in referrals to psychologists (AOR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.07-1.11, p < .0001) and selective serotonin / serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (AOR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.03-1.06, p < .0001), and benzodiazepines decreased (AOR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.92-0.95, p < .0001). Systematic differences in management were found for patient and GP characteristics, including high rates of benzodiazepines in certain groups. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety is accounting for more of the GP workload, year on year. GP management of anxiety has become more closely aligned with practice guidelines since 2006. However, high rates of benzodiazepine prescribing in certain groups remains a concern. Further research is needed into GP treatment decision making for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Parker
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ALIVE National Centre for Mental Health Research Translation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Christine B Phillips
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher Harrison
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Scarfe ML, Belisario K, Gillard J, De Jesus J, Frey BN, Van Ameringen M, McKinnon MC, Gohari MR, Busse JW, MacKillop J. Periodicity and severity of changes in depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: Ten-wave longitudinal findings from an observational cohort study of community adults. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115267. [PMID: 37295351 PMCID: PMC10211253 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Few multi-wave longitudinal studies have examined mental health changes across the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The current study examined: (a) overall changes in depression and anxiety over 10-waves of data collection; (b) subgroup moderators of changes; (c) clinical severity of the changes via minimally important differences (MIDs); and (d) correlates of clinically important changes. METHODS Using a longitudinal observational cohort design, 1412 non-clinical adults (Mage=36; 60% female) were assessed for depression and anxiety via the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 from October 2018 to April 2022 (3 pre-pandemic, 7 intra-pandemic waves; M retention = 92%). RESULTS Depression and anxiety exhibited significant intra-pandemic changes, reflecting initial increases, followed by decreases. Pre-pandemic severity moderated changes, with low severity participants exhibiting increases and high severity participants exhibiting non-significant change or decreases. For depression and anxiety, respectively, 10% and 11% exhibited MID increases, while 4% and 6% exhibited MID decreases. Divergent patterns were present by severity subgroup, with the lowest severity exhibiting higher rates of MID increases and the highest severity subgroup exhibiting higher rates of MID decreases. CONCLUSIONS These findings illuminate the periodicity of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and reveal an unexpected inverse relationship between increases and decreases based on pre-pandemic severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Scarfe
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 3R2, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyla Belisario
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 3R2, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Gillard
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 3R2, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane De Jesus
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 3R2, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Van Ameringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jason W Busse
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 3R2, Canada; Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Gouraud C, Wiernik E, Matta J, Melchior M, Airagnes G, Ouazana-Vedrines C, Robineau O, Carrat F, Severi G, Descatha A, Touvier M, Goldberg M, Zins M, Lemogne C. Housing conditions and changes in professional activity during lockdown and the risk of prevalent and incident depression: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:186-194. [PMID: 37156279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Material conditions of lockdown and changes in regular functioning may have played a role on depressive manifestations. We aimed to examine the association between housing conditions and changes in professional activity and depression during the first COVID-19 outbreak in France. METHOD Participants of the CONSTANCES cohort were followed online. A first questionnaire covered the lockdown period (assessing housing conditions and changes in professional activity), and a second the post-lockdown period (assessing depression using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression-Scale (CES-D)). Incident depression was also estimated (with a previous CES-D measure). Logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS 22,042 participants (median age 46 years, 53.2 % women) were included and 20,534 had a previous CES-D measure. Depression was associated with female gender, lower household income and past history of depression. A negative gradient between the number of rooms and the likelihood of depression was consistently observed (OR = 1.55 95 % [1.19-2.00] for one room, OR = 0.76 [0.65-0.88] for seven rooms), while a U-shape relationship was observed with the number of people living together (OR = 1.62 [1.42-1.84] for living alone, OR = 1.44 [1.07-1.92] for six persons). These associations were also observed with incident depression. Changes in professional activity were associated with depression (Started distance working (OR = 1.33 [1.17-1.50]). Starting distance working was also associated with incident depression (OR = 1.27 [1.08-1.48]). LIMITATION A cross-sectional design was used. CONCLUSION The consequences of lockdown on depression may vary depending on living conditions and changes in professional activity, including distance working. These results could help to better identify vulnerable people to promote mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Gouraud
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Joane Matta
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Charles Ouazana-Vedrines
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Robineau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012 Paris, France; EA2694, University Lille, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Centre hospitalier Gustave Dron, Rue du président René Coty, Tourcoing 59200, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012 Paris, France; Département de santé publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP UMR1018, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, USA; Univ Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Angers, Université de Rennes, INSERM, École des hautes études en santé publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Irset UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
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Bayes-Marin I, Cabello-Toscano M, Cattaneo G, Solana-Sánchez J, Fernández D, Portellano-Ortiz C, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. COVID-19 after two years: trajectories of different components of mental health in the Spanish population. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e19. [PMID: 37066626 PMCID: PMC10130737 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our study aimed to (1) identify trajectories on different mental health components during a two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic and contextualise them according to pandemic periods; (2) investigate the associations between mental health trajectories and several exposures, and determine whether there were differences among the different mental health outcomes regarding these associations. METHODS We included 5535 healthy individuals, aged 40-65 years old, from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (BBHI). Growth mixture models (GMM) were fitted to classify individuals into different trajectories for three mental health-related outcomes (psychological distress, personal growth and loneliness). Moreover, we fitted a multinomial regression model for each outcome considering class membership as the independent variable to assess the association with the predictors. RESULTS For the outcomes studied we identified three latent trajectories, differentiating two major trends, a large proportion of participants was classified into 'resilient' trajectories, and a smaller proportion into 'chronic-worsening' trajectories. For the former, we observed a lower susceptibility to the changes, whereas, for the latter, we noticed greater heterogeneity and susceptibility to different periods of the pandemic. From the multinomial regression models, we found global and cognitive health, and coping strategies as common protective factors among the studied mental health components. Nevertheless, some differences were found regarding the risk factors. Living alone was only significant for those classified into 'chronic' trajectories of loneliness, but not for the other outcomes. Similarly, secondary or higher education was only a risk factor for the 'worsening' trajectory of personal growth. Finally, smoking and sleeping problems were risk factors which were associated with the 'chronic' trajectory of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our results support heterogeneity in reactions to the pandemic and the need to study different mental health-related components over a longer follow-up period, as each one evolves differently depending on the pandemic period. In addition, the understanding of modifiable protective and risk factors associated with these trajectories would allow the characterisation of these segments of the population to create targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Bayes-Marin
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Cabello-Toscano
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - J. Solana-Sánchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - D. Fernández
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Serra-Húnter fellow. Department of Statistics and Operations Research (DEIO), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ⋅ BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Mathematics of UPC – BarcelonaTech (IMTech), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Portellano-Ortiz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - A. Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D. Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut – Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Probst-Hensch N, Jeong A, Keidel D, Imboden M, Lovison G. Depression trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic in the high-quality health care setting of Switzerland: the COVCO-Basel cohort. Public Health 2023; 217:65-73. [PMID: 36854252 PMCID: PMC9841075 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the pandemic, Switzerland avoided stringent lockdowns and provided funds to stabilize the economy. To assess whether and in what subgroups the pandemic impacted on depressive symptoms in this specific Swiss context, we derived depression trajectories over an extended pandemic period in a Swiss cohort and related them to individuals' sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN This was a population-based cohort study. METHODS The population-based COVCO-Basel cohort in North-Western Switzerland invited 112,848 adult residents of whom 12,724 participated at baseline. Between July 2020 and December 2021, 6396 participants answered to additional 18 monthly online questionnaires. Depression symptoms were repeatedly measured by the DASS-21 scale. Group-based Trajectory Models methods were applied to identify clusters of similar depression trajectories. Trajectory clusters were characterized descriptively and with a Multinomial response model. RESULTS Three distinct trajectories were identified. The 'Highly affected' trajectory (13%) had a larger presence of younger and female participants with lower average income, higher levels of past depression, and living alone. A majority of individuals in the 'Unaffected' trajectory (52%) were of medium or high average income, older average age, without previous depression symptoms, and not living alone. The 'Moderately affected' trajectory (35%) had a composition intermediate between the two opposite 'extreme' trajectories. CONCLUSIONS This study is among few studies investigating depression trajectories up to the time when COVID-19 vaccination was readily available to the entire population. During these 18 months of the pandemic, depressive symptoms increased in a substantial percentage of participants. Economic support, high-quality health care system, and moderate containment measures did not sufficiently protect all population subgroups from adverse, potentially long-term psychological pandemic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland,Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Head Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - A. Jeong
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland,Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - D. Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland,Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland,Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - G. Lovison
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland,Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland,Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, Italy
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Cathy Banwell, Rebecca Williamson, Philip Batterham, Liana Leach, Christine LaBond, Alison L. Calear, Anna Olsen, Christine Philips, Yixuan Zhao, Tinh Doan, Erin Walsh. Liminality and insecurity: A qualitative study of young adults’ vulnerabilities during the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. SSM Qual Res Health 2023:100260. [PMID: 37013150 PMCID: PMC10050194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has disrupted the normative social order, particularly for young adults. Their deteriorating mental health over 2020 has been associated with the economic and social conditions during the COVID-19 lockdowns. We conducted 19 semi-structured interviews with young adults aged 8 and 29 most of whom lived in Victoria, Australia. The interviews explored participants' experiences and responses to COVID-19, covering areas such disrupted everyday practices and future plans, impacts on their physical and mental health, and interactions community and services. Young adults were concerned about loss of social connectedness, their mental health and the complex interplay of issues such as employment, income, education and housing. They developed routines to protect their physical and mental health while in lockdown and some made the most of opportunities. However, the pandemic may have had a profound effect by disrupting some young adults’ plans for the future, thus contributing to a sense of ontological insecurity.
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Liu L, Chen J, Liang S, Peng X, Yang W, Huang A, Wang X, Fan F, Zhao J. An Unusual College Experience: 16-Month Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety among Chinese New Undergraduate Students of 2019 during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5024. [PMID: 36981933 PMCID: PMC10048813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the trajectories of the mental health conditions of 13,494 new undergraduate students who enrolled in 2019 in China from the beginning of the pandemic to the local recurrence of the pandemic, and found factors which may be associated with diverse trajectories. METHODS The trajectories of depression-anxiety outcomes were modeled using the growth mixture model. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with different trajectory groups. RESULTS Both depression and anxiety in the new college students slightly increased during the 16-month period. The slopes of depression and anxiety were lower after the local outbreak. From the trajectories of depression and anxiety, five heterogeneous groups were identified: low-stable (64.3%), moderate-increased (18.2%), high-stable (11.1%), recovery (4.5%), and rapid-increased (1.8%). Environmental, somatic, and social factors were used to differentiate the low-stable group from the other groups. We found that college students with female gender, more conflict with parents, and feelings of loneliness during the pandemic were more likely to enter a high stability trajectory compared to a recovery trajectory. CONCLUSION Most participants showed a stable mental health status, while others experienced deteriorating or chronic mental health problems, especially those who had sleep disturbances, less social support before the pandemic, or conflicts with parents during the pandemic. These students may need additional support and monitoring from college mental health providers to improve their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Shunwei Liang
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaodan Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Department of Student Affairs, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Andi Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiayong Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Fang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Beames JR, Huckvale K, Fujimoto H, Maston K, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Mackinnon A, Werner-Seidler A, Christensen H. The impact of COVID-19 and bushfires on the mental health of Australian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:34. [PMID: 36895004 PMCID: PMC9998012 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When COVID-19 spread to Australia in January 2020, many communities were already in a state of emergency from the Black Summer bushfires. Studies of adolescent mental health have typically focused on the effects of COVID-19 in isolation. Few studies have examined the impact of COVID-19 and other co-occurring disasters, such as the Black Summer bushfires in Australia, on adolescent mental health. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine the impact of COVID-19 and the Black Summer bushfires on the mental health of Australian adolescents. Participants (N = 5866; mean age 13.61 years) answered self-report questionnaires about COVID-19 diagnosis/quarantine (being diagnosed with and/or quarantined because of COVID-19) and personal exposure to bushfire harm (being physically injured, evacuated from home and/or having possessions destroyed). Validated standardised scales were used to assess depression, psychological distress, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal ideation. Trauma related to COVID-19 and the bushfires was also assessed. The survey was completed in two large school-based cohorts between October 2020 and November 2021. RESULTS Exposure to COVID-19 diagnosis/quarantine was associated with increased probability of elevated trauma. Exposure to personal harm by the bushfires was associated with increased probability of elevated insomnia, suicidal ideation, and trauma. There were no interactive effects between disasters on adolescent mental health. Effects between personal risk factors and disasters were generally additive or sub-additive. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent mental health responses to community-level disasters are multi-faceted. Complex psychosocial factors associated with mental ill health may be relevant irrespective of disaster. Future research is needed to investigate synergistic effects of disasters on young mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne R Beames
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kit Huckvale
- Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hiroko Fujimoto
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Maston
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Helen Christensen
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ori APS, Wieling M, van Loo HM. Longitudinal analyses of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation highlight greater prevalence in the northern Dutch population during the COVID-19 lockdowns. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:62-70. [PMID: 36427649 PMCID: PMC9678820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to an increased burden on mental health. AIMS To investigate the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and suicidal ideation in the Netherlands during the first fifteen months of the pandemic and three nation-wide lockdowns. METHOD Participants of the Lifelines Cohort Study -a Dutch population-based sample-reported current symptoms of MDD and GAD, including suicidal ideation, according to DSM-IV criteria. Between March 2020 and June 2021, 36,106 participants (aged 18-96) filled out a total of 629,811 questionnaires across 23 time points. Trajectories over time were estimated using generalized additive models and analyzed in relation to age, sex, and lifetime history of MDD/GAD. RESULTS We found non-linear trajectories for MDD and GAD with a higher number of symptoms and prevalence rates during periods of lockdown. The point prevalence of MDD and GAD peaked during the third hard lockdown at 2.88 % (95 % CI: 2.71 %-3.06 %) and 2.92 % (95 % CI: 2.76 %-3.08 %), respectively, in March 2021. Women, younger adults, and participants with a history of MDD/GAD reported significantly more symptoms. For suicidal ideation, we found a significant linear increase over time in younger participants. For example, 20-year-old participants reported 4.14× more suicidal ideation at the end of June 2021 compared to the start of the pandemic (4.64 % (CI: 3.09 %-6.96 %) versus 1.12 % (CI: 0.76 %-1.66 %)). LIMITATIONS Our findings should be interpreted in relation to the societal context of the Netherlands and the public health response of the Dutch government during the pandemic, which may be different in other regions in the world. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed greater prevalence of MDD and GAD during COVID-19 lockdowns and a continuing increase in suicidal thoughts among young adults suggesting that the pandemic and government enacted restrictions impacted mental health in the population. Our findings provide actionable insights on mental health in the population during the pandemic, which can guide policy makers and clinical care during future lockdowns and epi/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P S Ori
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Wieling
- University of Groningen, Department of Information Science, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M van Loo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Kong Q, Chen LM, Dai ZH, Tang YZ, Zhou YY, Tu WZ, Zhao YH, Zhang JQ. Care patterns and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution as factors of depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis: A cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1052683. [PMID: 36864895 PMCID: PMC9971602 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1052683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Care patterns and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution affects the emotion and health of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) while the prevalence of COVID-19 may aggravate such patients' emotion and health. We investigated the depression and anxiety levels of patients with SSc during the pandemic to identify the correlation between care patterns, TCM constitution, and patients' emotion. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with SSc and healthy individuals were surveyed using the patient health questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder-7, and constitution in Chinese medicine questionnaire and a modified care pattern questionnaire. Factors correlated with depression and anxiety were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 273 patients with SSc and 111 healthy individuals were included in the analysis. The proportion of patients with SSc who were depressed was 74.36%, who had anxiety was 51.65%, and who experienced disease progression during the pandemic was 36.99%. The proportion of income reduction in the online group (56.19%) was higher than that in the hospital group (33.33%) (P = 0.001). Qi-deficiency [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.250] and Qi-stagnation (adjusted OR = 3.824) constitutions were significantly associated with depression. Remote work during the outbreak (adjusted OR = 1.920), decrease in income (adjusted OR = 3.556), and disease progression (P = 0.030) were associated with the occurrence of depression. Conclusion Chinese patients with SSc have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the care patterns of Chinese patients with SSc, and work, income, disease progression, and change of medications were correlates of depression or anxiety in patients with SSc. Qi-stagnation and Qi-deficiency constitutions were associated with depression, and Qi-stagnation constitution was associated with anxiety in patients with SSc. Trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62301, identifier ChiCTR2000038796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kong
- Scientific Innovation Volunteer Team of Rare Diseases, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Scientific Innovation Volunteer Team of Rare Diseases, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Hao Dai
- Scientific Innovation Volunteer Team of Rare Diseases, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Vascular Diseases, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Zhe Tang
- Scientific Innovation Volunteer Team of Rare Diseases, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Huan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qian Zhang
- Scientific Innovation Volunteer Team of Rare Diseases, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jia-Qian Zhang,
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Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Verdolini N, Goularte JF, Serafim SD, Caldieraro MAK, Vieta E, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Amoretti S, Rosa AR. Identifying pathways between psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial functioning in the general population. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 67:86-94. [PMID: 36640692 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to identify pathways between psychiatric network symptoms and psychosocial functioning and their associated variables among functioning clusters in the general population. A cross-sectional web-based survey was administered in a total of 3,023 individuals in Brazil. The functioning clusters were derived by a previous study identifying three different groups based on the online Functioning Assessment Short Test. Networking analysis was fitted with all items of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System for depression and for anxiety (PROMIS) using the mixed graphical model. A decision tree model was used to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of good and low functioning. A total of 926 (30.63%) subjects showed good functioning, 1,436 (47.50%) participants intermediate functioning, and 661 (21.86%) individuals low functioning. Anxiety and uneasy symptoms were the most important nodes for good and intermediate clusters but anxiety, feeling of failure, and depression were the most relevant symptoms for low functioning. The decision tree model was applied to identify variables capable to discriminate individuals with good and low functioning. The algorithm achieved balanced accuracy 0.75, sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.63, positive predictive value 0.63 negative predictive value 0.87 (p<0.001), and an area under the curve of 0.83 (95%CI:0.79-0.86, p<0.01). Our results show that individuals who present psychological distress are more likely to experience poor functional status, suggesting that this subgroup should receive a more comprehensive psychiatric assessment and mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jeferson Ferraz Goularte
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dubou Serafim
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Knob Caldieraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Klokgieters SS, Penninx BW, Rius Ottenheim N, Giltay EJ, Rhebergen D, Kok AA. Heterogeneity in depressive and anxiety symptoms and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from three Dutch psychiatric case-control cohorts from April 2020 to February 2022. J Psychosom Res 2023; 165:111138. [PMID: 36652808 PMCID: PMC9792181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While research found heterogeneous changes in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the long-term changes in mental health in psychiatric groups. Therefore, we applied a data-driven method to detect sub-groups with distinct trajectories across two years into the pandemic in psychiatric groups, and described their differences in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. METHOD We conducted sixteen rounds of questionnaires between April 2020 and February 2022 among participants (n = 1722) of three psychiatric case-control cohorts that started in the 2000's. We used Growth Mixture Modelling and (multinomial) logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with trajectory membership. RESULTS We found low decreasing (1228 [72%] participants), intermediate (n = 348 [22%] participants) and high stable (106 [6%] participants) trajectories of depressive symptoms; decreasing low/intermediate (1507 [90%] participants) and high stable (161 [10%] participants) trajectories of anxiety symptoms; and stable low (1109 [61%] participants), stable high (315 [17%] participants), temporary lowered (123 [9%]) and temporary heightened (175 [13%] participants) trajectories of loneliness. Chronicity and severity of pre-pandemic mental disorders predicted unfavourable sub-group membership for all outcomes. Being female, having a low education and income level were associated with unfavourable trajectories of depression, being younger with unfavourable trajectories of anxiety and being female and living alone with unfavourable trajectories of loneliness. CONCLUSION We found relatively stable trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms over two years, suggesting low heterogeneity in outcomes during the pandemic. For loneliness, we found two specific sub-groups with temporary increase and decrease in loneliness during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S. Klokgieters
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Room H3.05, Oldenaller 1, Amsterdam 1081 HJ, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J. Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Mental Health Institute GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Almar A.L. Kok
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kunzler AM, Lindner S, Röthke N, Schäfer SK, Metzendorf MI, Sachkova A, Müller-Eberstein R, Klinger C, Burns J, Coenen M, Lieb K. Mental Health Impact of Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals with Pre-Existing Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:948. [PMID: 36673705 PMCID: PMC9858748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of disease-related threats, containment measures, and disrupted healthcare, individuals with pre-existing mental illness might be vulnerable to adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous reviews indicated increased mental distress, with limited information on peri-pandemic changes. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify longitudinal research investigating pre- to peri-pandemic and/or peri-pandemic changes of mental health in patients, focusing on the early phase and considering specific diagnoses. PsycINFO, Web of Science, the WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease database, and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register weresearched through 31 May 2021. Studies were synthesized using vote counting based on effect direction. We included 40 studies mostly from Western, high-income countries. Findings were heterogeneous, with improving and deteriorating mental health observed compared to pre-pandemic data, partly depending on underlying diagnoses. For peri-pandemic changes, evidence was limited, with some suggestion of recovery of mental distress. Study quality was heterogeneous; only few studies investigated potential moderators (e.g., chronicity of mental illness). Mental health effects on people with pre-existing conditions are heterogeneous within and across diagnoses for pre- to peri-pandemic and peri-pandemic comparisons. To improve mental health services amid future global crises, forthcoming research should understand medium- and long-term effects, controlling for containment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Lindner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Röthke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah K. Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice (ifam), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sachkova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Georg August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roxana Müller-Eberstein
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Klinger
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jacob Burns
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Moulin F, Jean F, Melchior M, Patanè M, Pinucci I, Sijbrandij M, van der Waerden J, Galéra C. Longitudinal impact of the COVID19 pandemic on mental health in a general population sample in France: Evidence from the COMET Study. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:275-283. [PMID: 36191642 PMCID: PMC9525187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the longitudinal impact of co-occurring mental health problems, and to identify vulnerable groups in need of mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Analyses were based on data from 681 French participants in the international COVID-19 Mental Health Study, collected at four times (05/2020-04/2021). Symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the PTSD Check List for DSM-5. We performed k-means for longitudinal data to build trajectories of adults' depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms and identify subgroups psychologically vulnerable. We then assessed whether mental health trajectories were predicted by lockdown regulations. RESULTS A high and a low cluster of mental health scores were identified. In both groups, mental health scores varied significantly across time. Levels of all mental health scores were lowest when COVID-19-related restrictions were lifted and highest when restrictions were in place, except for PTSD. No scores returned to the previous level or the initial level of mental health (p < 0.05). Participants with high levels of symptoms were characterized by younger age (OR: 0.98, 95 % CI: 0.97-0.99), prior history of mental disorders (OR: 3.46, 95 % CI: 2.07-5.82), experience of domestic violence (OR: 10.54, 95 % CI: 1.54-20.68) and medical issues (OR: 2.16, 95 % CI: 1.14-4.03). LIMITATIONS Pre-pandemic data were not available and the sample was recruited mainly by snowball sampling. CONCLUSION This study revealed subtle differences in the evolution of symptom trajectories during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, and highlighted several characteristics associated with the two clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Moulin
- University of Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - François Jean
- University of Bordeaux, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Calais Hospital, Calais, France; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
| | - Martina Patanè
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Pinucci
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- University of Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France.
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Wright A, De Livera A, Lee KH, Higgs C, Nicholson M, Gibbs L, Jorm A. A repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal study of mental health and wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdowns in Victoria, Australia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2434. [PMID: 36575409 PMCID: PMC9793381 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population surveys across the world have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. However, few have simultaneously examined independent cross-sectional data with longitudinal data, each of which have different strengths and weaknesses and facilitate the investigation of distinct research questions. This study aimed to investigate psychological distress and life satisfaction during the first and second lockdowns in the state of Victoria, Australia, and the social factors that may be affected by lockdowns and could affect mental health. METHODS The VicHealth Victorian Coronavirus Wellbeing Impact Study included two 20-min opt-in online panel surveys conducted in May and September 2020 in Victoria, each with a sample of 2000 adults aged 18 + . A two-part study design was used: a repeated cross-sectional study of respondents who participated in Survey One and Survey Two, followed by a longitudinal nested cohort study. The primary exposures were social solidarity, social connectedness and staying connected with family and friends. Using logistic regression modelling, we explored the associations between our exposures and primary outcomes of psychological distress and life satisfaction with and without adjustment for covariates, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The results from the multivariable models were summarised using adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). RESULTS Cross-sectional results indicated that the percentage of participants with low life satisfaction was significantly higher in the second survey sample (53%) compared to the first (47%). The percentage of participants with high psychological distress was higher but not significantly different between the two survey samples (14% first survey vs 16% second survey). Longitudinal study results indicated that lower social connectedness was significantly associated with higher psychological distress (aOR:3.3; 95% CI: 1.3-8.4) and lower life satisfaction (aOR:0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.4). Younger adults had higher psychological distress compared to older adults (aOR:6.8; 95% CI:1.5-31.1). Unemployment at the time of the first survey was significantly associated with lower life satisfaction at the second survey (aOR:0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9). CONCLUSION This study supports the findings of other international studies. It also highlights the need to promote increased social connection and maintain it at times of isolation and separation, particularly amongst younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wright
- grid.453690.d0000 0004 0606 6094Department of Health, Victorian State Government, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alysha De Livera
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550Mathematical Sciences, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keun Hee Lee
- grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550Mathematical Sciences, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carl Higgs
- grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Nicholson
- grid.440425.30000 0004 1798 0746Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lisa Gibbs
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Jorm
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Liang K, Huang L, Qu D, Bu H, Chi X. Self-compassion predicted joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A five-wave longitudinal study on Chinese college students. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:589-97. [PMID: 36155236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term protective effect of self-compassion on mental health remained unclear in the pandemic context. This study aimed to investigate the trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms and the role of self-compassion during the pandemic. METHODS In this one-year five-wave longitudinal study (retested every three months from February 2020 to February 2021), 494 Chinese college students completed the study through online questionnaires and provided information on depression and anxiety symptoms, self-compassion, and sociodemographic variables. Independent and joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were explored by growth mixture models. Predictive effects of self-compassion on trajectories were examined by logistic regression models. RESULTS Four and three heterogeneous latent trajectories were identified for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Three distinct joint trajectories of depression and anxiety were determined: low symptoms group (54.0 %), mild symptoms group (34.4 %), and risk group (11.5 %). Participants with higher levels of self-compassion were more likely to follow the low symptoms trajectory of depression and anxiety symptoms (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Group heterogeneity existed in the trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms. Improving the levels of self-compassion would help to prevent and alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms. Programs based on self-compassion are encouraged to cope with the mental health challenges in the pandemic context.
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Halcomb E, Thompson C, Morris D, James S, Dilworth T, Haynes K, Batterham M. Impacts of the 2019/20 bushfires and COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of older Australians: a cross-sectional survey. Fam Pract 2022; 40:449-457. [PMID: 36462177 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019/20 major bushfires devastated Australia's East Coast. Shortly afterward the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. Older people are disproportionately affected by disasters and are at high risk from respiratory pandemics. However, little is known about how these events impact on older peoples' health and well-being and engagement with services such as primary care. OBJECTIVE To explore the health impacts of the 2019/20 bushfires and the COVID-19 pandemic on older Australians' health and well-being. METHODS One hundred and fifty-five people aged over 65 years living in South-eastern New South Wales, Australia participated in an online survey. The survey measured the impacts of the bushfires and COVID-19 on physical and mental health and the capacity of older people to manage these impacts. RESULTS Most respondents felt that the bushfires caused them to feel anxious/worried (86.2%) and negatively affected their physical (59.9%) and mental (57.2%) health. While many participants had similar feelings about COVID-19, significantly fewer felt these physical and mental health impacts than from the bushfires. A significantly greater perceived level of impact was observed for females and those with health problems. More respondents described negative mental health than physical health effects. Those who felt more impacted by the events had lower levels of resilience, social connection and support, and self-rated health. CONCLUSION The health impacts identified in this study represent an opportunity for primary care to intervene to both ensure that people with support needs are identified and provided timely support and that older people are prepared for future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Thompson
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Darcy Morris
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Sharon James
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tasmin Dilworth
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Katharine Haynes
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Natural Hazards Research Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marijka Batterham
- National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Looi JCL. Rapid review and commentary on the clinical implications of the population mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Australas Psychiatry 2022; 30:732-735. [PMID: 35549517 PMCID: PMC9111908 DOI: 10.1177/10398562221100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a rapid clinical review and commentary for psychiatrists on the population mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, including evidence-based findings and interventions. CONCLUSIONS Whilst there was evidence of collective psychological resilience during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, younger women, carers for those with COVID-19, and those with more household chores, childcare needs and higher economic strain, were at more risk. Interventions should therefore target people with these socio-demographic risk factors, as well as severe COVID-19 survivors, their relatives and frontline workers. However, the rapid spread of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant has the potential for greater impacts on population mental health. Innovations in telehealth and online therapy should be incorporated into standard care. Ongoing research is needed to assess who remains most vulnerable to negative mental health impacts of the current pandemic, and especially the longer term outcomes of mental ill health. Further research should also investigate evidence-based approaches to resilience and well-being. Prospective risk/benefit analyses of infection control measures, economic effects and mental health consequences are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey CL Looi
- Jeffrey CL Looi, Associate Professor & Head, Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, The Australian National University Medical School, Building 4, Level 2, Canberra Hospital, PO Box 11, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia.
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Delpino FM, da Silva CN, Jerônimo JS, Mulling ES, da Cunha LL, Weymar MK, Alt R, Caputo EL, Feter N. Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:272-282. [PMID: 36096370 PMCID: PMC9462928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uncertainty, disruptions in daily routines, and concerns for the health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely associated with increases in generalized anxiety. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature in order to identify the update prevalence of anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis. It included studies that assessed the prevalence of anxiety among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS In total, we included 194 studies. The general prevalence of anxiety was 35.1 %, affecting approximately 851,000 participants. The prevalence in low and middle-income countries (35.1 %; 95%CI: 29.5 % to 41.0 %) was similar compared to high-income countries (34.7 %; 95%CI: 29.6 % to 40.1 %). In studies that provided the proportion of cases in each level of anxiety disorder, mild-to-moderate anxiety affected one quarter of the participants. One in ten cases with anxiety during the COVID-19 may be living with severe or extremely anxiety disorder. Most instruments estimated similar prevalence of anxiety disorders with notable difference in the prevalence estimated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). CONCLUSION One in three adults were living with anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mendes Delpino
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Jeferson Santos Jerônimo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliete Stark Mulling
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Leal da Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Krause Weymar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Caputo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natan Feter
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Schäfer SK, Kunzler AM, Kalisch R, Tüscher O, Lieb K. Trajectories of resilience and mental distress to global major disruptions. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:1171-89. [PMID: 36302711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a major societal disruption, raising the question of how people can maintain or quickly regain their mental health (i.e., be resilient) during such times. Researchers have used the pandemic as a use case for studying resilience in response to a global, synchronously starting, and chronic set of stressors on the individual and societal level. Our review of this recent literature reveals that mental distress trajectories during the pandemic largely resemble mental distress responses to individual-level macro-stressors, except for a lower prevalence of recovery trajectories. Results suggest more resilient responses in older adults, but trajectories are less consistent for younger and older ages compared with middle-aged adults. We call for more research integrating state-of-the-art operationalizations of resilience and using these to study resilience over the lifespan.
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Pervan L, Parker S, Wheeler M, Dark F. Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on People with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness within Rehabilitation Services: A Thematic Analysis. J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36466000 PMCID: PMC9686248 DOI: 10.1007/s40737-022-00320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID 19 pandemic has required major changes in healthcare delivery. This study sought to understand the impact of the mental healthcare changes associated with COVID-19 on people living with severe and persisting mental illness (SPMI) and staff working in rehabilitation teams in Queensland in Australia. Telephone interviews were completed with participants diagnosed with SPMI who were supported by the rehabilitation teams of a public mental health service (n = 18). Additionally, an anonymous survey was completed with staff from these teams (n = 20, 17.5% of staff). Both datasets were analysed separately using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified through the analysis of the patient interviews: wishing the whole thing would go away; [COVID-19 has] delayed my recovery; being more socially aware; and (you've) got to be clean (which is a) good thing. Four themes emerged through the analysis of the staff survey data: needing to change the model of care; impact on patients, the impact on staff, positive impact. The perceived impact on participant's mental health was like that which was reported in the general population. Participants' emphasised anxiety, loneliness, boredom, and depression rather than a relapse of their primary psychotic illness. Participants noted the pandemic slowed the pace of personal recovery and limited the delivery of specialised rehabilitation programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40737-022-00320-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Pervan
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Stephen Parker
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Maddison Wheeler
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Frances Dark
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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Hoffart A, Bauer DJ, Johnson SU, Ebrahimi OV. Anxiety in the adult population from the onset to termination of social distancing protocols during the COVID-19: a 20-month longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17846. [PMID: 36284202 PMCID: PMC9593999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The social distancing protocols (SDPs) implemented as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic may seriously influence peoples' mental health. We used a sample of 4361 Norwegian adults recruited online and stratified to be nationally representative to investigate the evolution of anxiety following each modification in national SDPs across a 20-month period from the onset of the pandemic to the reopening of society and discontinuation of SDPs. The mean anxiety level fluctuated throughout the observation period and these fluctuations were related to the stringency of the modified SDPs. Those with a high initial level almost in unison showed a substantial and lasting decrease of anxiety after the first lifting of SDPs. A sub-group of 9% had developed a persistent anxiety state during the first 3 months. Younger age, pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis, and use of unverified information platforms proved to predict marked higher anxiety in the long run. In conclusion, individuals with a high level of anxiety at the outbreak of the pandemic improved when the social distancing protocols were lifted. By contrast, a sizeable subgroup developed lasting clinical levels of anxiety during the first 3 months of the pandemic and is vulnerable to prolonged anxiety beyond the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asle Hoffart
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Postboks 33, N-3370 Vikersund, Norway
| | - Daniel J. Bauer
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sverre Urnes Johnson
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Postboks 33, N-3370 Vikersund, Norway
| | - Omid V.· Ebrahimi
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Postboks 33, N-3370 Vikersund, Norway
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Cénat JM, Farahi SMMM, Dalexis RD, Darius WP, Bekarkhanechi FM, Poisson H, Broussard C, Ukwu G, Auguste E, Nguyen DD, Sehabi G, Furyk SE, Gedeon AP, Onesi O, El Aouame AM, Khodabocus SN, Shah MS, Labelle PR. The global evolution of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:70-95. [PMID: 35842064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health, but the global evolution of mental health problems during the pandemic is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to evaluate the global evolution of mental health problems during the pandemic. METHODS To conduct this systematic review, we searched for published articles from APA PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), and Web of Science. Longitudinal (at least 2 waves during the COVID-19 pandemic) and peer-reviewed articles on mental health problems conducted as from 2020 and after were included in the current study. Of 394 eligible full texts, 64 articles were included in the analysis. We computed random effects, standardized mean differences, and log odds ratio (LOR) with 95 % CIs. The meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021273624). RESULTS Results showed that anxiety (LOR = -0.33; 95 % CI, -0.54, -0.12) and depression symptoms (LOR = -0.12; 95 % CI, -0.21, -0.04) decreased from baseline to follow up. However, other mental health problems showed no change. Higher prevalence rates (40.9 %; 95 % CI, 16.1 %-65.8 %) of psychological distress were found in months after July 2020, respectively, while there were no significant month differences for the prevalence of other mental health problems. Higher means of anxiety (d = 3.63, 95 % CI, 1.66, 5.61), depression (d = 3.93; 95 % CI, 1.68, 6.17), and loneliness (d = 5.96; 95 % CI, 3.22, 8.70) were observed in May 2020. Higher prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD and higher means of anxiety, depression and loneliness were observed in North America. The prevalence of psychological distress and insomnia was higher in Latin America and Europe, respectively. LIMITATIONS There is a lack of longitudinal studies in some parts of the world, such as Africa, the Caribbean, India, the Middle East, in Latin America, and Asia. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that anxiety and depression symptoms decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic while other mental health problems showed no statistical change. The findings reveal that mental health problems peaked in April and May 2020. Prevalence of mental health problems remains high during the pandemic and mental health prevention, promotion and intervention programs should be implemented to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global population.
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Lu ZA, Shi L, Que JY, Zheng YB, Wang QW, Liu WJ, Huang YT, Shi J, Bao YP, Lu L. Long-term psychological profile of general population following COVID-19 outbreak: symptom trajectories and evolution of psychopathological network. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e69. [PMID: 36165185 DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS COVID-19 has long-term impacts on public mental health, while few research studies incorporate multidimensional methods to thoroughly characterise the psychological profile of general population and little detailed guidance exists for mental health management during the pandemic. This research aims to capture long-term psychological profile of general population following COVID-19 by integrating trajectory modelling approaches, latent trajectory pattern identification and network analyses. METHODS Longitudinal data were collected from a nationwide sample of 18 804 adults in 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak in China. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Insomnia Severity Index were used to measure depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively. The unconditional and conditional latent growth curve models were fitted to investigate trajectories and long-term predictors for psychological symptoms. We employed latent growth mixture model to identify the major psychological symptom trajectory patterns, and ran sparse Gaussian graphical models with graphical lasso to explore the evolution of psychopathological network. RESULTS At 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak, psychological symptoms generally alleviated, and five psychological symptom trajectories with different demographics were identified: normal stable (63.4%), mild stable (15.3%), mild-increase to decrease (11.7%), mild-decrease to increase (4.0%) and moderate/severe stable (5.5%). The finding indicated that there were still about 5% individuals showing consistently severe distress and approximately 16% following fluctuating psychological trajectories, who should be continuously monitored. For individuals with persistently severe trajectories and those with fluctuating trajectories, central or bridge symptoms in the network were mainly 'motor abnormality' and 'sad mood', respectively. Compared with initial peak and late COVID-19 phase, aftermath of initial peak might be a psychologically vulnerable period with highest network connectivity. The central and bridge symptoms for aftermath of initial peak ('appetite change' and 'trouble of relaxing') were totally different from those at other pandemic phases ('sad mood'). CONCLUSIONS This research identified the overall growing trend, long-term predictors, trajectory classes and evolutionary pattern of psychopathological network of psychological symptoms in 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak. It provides a multidimensional long-term psychological profile of the general population after COVID-19 outbreak, and accentuates the essentiality of continuous psychological monitoring, as well as population- and time-specific psychological management after COVID-19. We believe our findings can offer reference for long-term psychological management after pandemics.
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Vogelaar S, Saab N, Miers AC, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. Trajectories of adolescent perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12. [PMID: 36153394 PMCID: PMC9509354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents might be particularly affected by the drastic social changes as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, given the increased stress-sensitivity and importance of the social environment in this developmental phase. In order to examine heterogeneity during the pandemic, the current study aimed to identify whether subgroups of adolescents could be distinguished based on their levels of perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined which prepandemic factors predicted these trajectories. Adolescents were assessed before the pandemic (N = 188, Mage = 13.49, SD = 0.81) and at three timepoints during the pandemic (i.e., eight, ten, and 15 months after the start of the pandemic in the Netherlands). Results showed no support for distinct trajectories of perceived stress, adolescents experienced stable moderate levels during the pandemic. In contrast, results showed three trajectories for depression and anxiety. The majority of adolescents reported stable low or moderate levels and one small subgroup reported high levels of depression and anxiety that decreased during the pandemic. Certain prepandemic factors predicted higher initial levels of stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety during the pandemic. To support adolescents with prepandemic vulnerabilities, strategies could be developed, for instance enhancing adolescents’ social support.
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Schoenaker DAJM, Bennett C, Grieger JA, Harrison CL, Hill B, Enticott J, Moran LJ, Teede HJ, O’Reilly SL, Lim S. Association between pregnancy intention and psychological distress among women exposed to different levels of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273339. [PMID: 36006931 PMCID: PMC9409515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of people globally. Significant concerns about health and access to services among women of reproductive age considering pregnancy may cause psychological distress, and in turn increase health risks during and after pregnancy for mothers and offspring. Objectives To examine the association between pregnancy intention and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, and explore if this association differed based on local viral transmission rates and corresponding levels of pandemic restrictions. Methods A nationwide online survey was completed by 849 non-pregnant women aged 18–50 years between 15 October and 7 November 2020. Women were asked about their intention to become pregnant, and psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Multivariable regression analysis examined associations between pregnancy intention and psychological distress. An interaction term was added to the model to examine differences in associations by level of viral transmission rates and lockdown restrictions which was determined based on postcode. Results Pregnancy intention was not associated with experiencing (very) high psychological distress in the overall study population (odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% CI 0.94, 2.11). The interaction term (p = 0.09) suggested potential differences by level of restrictions and viral transmission rates. In stratified analysis among women living in a location with strict lockdown restrictions and high viral transmission rates leading up to and during the study, those planning to become pregnant were more likely to experience (very) high psychological distress (OR 3.39, 2.04, 5.65) compared with women not planning to become pregnant. Pregnancy intention was not associated with psychological distress among women exposed to lower levels of pandemic restrictions and viral transmission rates (OR 1.17, 0.74, 1.85). Conclusions Our findings highlight the need to identify and support women planning pregnancy during a public health crisis to mitigate potential short- and long-term intergenerational negative health outcomes associated with psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. J. M. Schoenaker
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cheryce L. Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Southern Synergy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena J. Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharleen L. O’Reilly
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siew Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Evans J, Bansal A, Schoenaker DAJM, Cherbuin N, Peek MJ, Davis DL. Birth Outcomes, Health, and Health Care Needs of Childbearing Women following Wildfire Disasters: An Integrative, State-of-the-Science Review. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:86001. [PMID: 35980335 PMCID: PMC9387511 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as wildfires are expected to increase due to climate change. Childbearing women, that is, women who are pregnant, soon to be pregnant, or have recently given birth, may be particularly vulnerable to the effect of wildfire exposure. OBJECTIVES This review sought to systematically assess what is known about birth outcomes, health, and health care needs of childbearing women during and after exposure to wildfires. METHODS An integrative review methodology was utilized to enable article selection, data extraction, and synthesis across qualitative and quantitative studies. Comprehensive searches of SCOPUS (including MEDLINE and Embase), CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar identified studies for inclusion with no date restriction. Included studies were independently appraised by two reviewers using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. The findings are summarized and illustrated in tables. RESULTS Database searches identified 480 records. Following title, abstract, and full text screening, sixteen studies published between 2012 and 2022 were identified for this review. Eleven studies considered an association between in utero exposure to wildfire and impacts on birth weight and length of gestation. One study reported increased rates of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension following exposure; whereas one study reported differences in the secondary sex ratio. Two studies reported higher incidence of birth defects following in utero exposure to wildfire smoke. Three studies reported increased mental health morbidity, and one study associated a reduction in breastfeeding among women who evacuated from a wildfire disaster. DISCUSSION Evidence indicates that wildfire exposure may be associated with changes to birth outcomes and increased morbidity for childbearing women and their babies. These effects may be profound and have long-term and wide-ranging public health implications. This research can inform the development of effective clinical and public health strategies to address the needs of childbearing women exposed to wildfire disaster. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Evans
- School of Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amita Bansal
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Danielle A J M Schoenaker
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael J Peek
- Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Deborah L Davis
- School of Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- ACT Government, Health Directorate, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Zhang X, Sasmal S, Yu M, Bernardo B, Adeyanju T, Paskett ED. The Association of Socioeconomic Status, the Concern for Catching Covid-19, and Anxiety Between Individuals with and without a Cancer History from a Cross-sectional Study. medRxiv 2022:2022.07.26.22278080. [PMID: 35923318 PMCID: PMC9347286 DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.26.22278080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has negative impacts on mental health in all populations. Individuals with a history of cancer have an increased risk of catching and having more severe symptoms of COVID-19 than the general public. The objective of this study was to examine how cancer history and concern for catching COVID-19 relate to anxiety. Methods This cross-sectional study is part of the "Impact of COVID-19 on Behaviors across the Cancer Control Continuum in Ohio" project conducted from June to November 2020. The sample consisted of 7012 participants who completed survey online, by phone, or by mail. Self-reported concern for catching COVID-19 and anxiety over the last 7 days were used. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between demographics, cancer history, concern for catching COVID-19, and anxiety. Results In our study sample, most participants rated their concern for catching COVID-19 as moderately high or high (56%) and reported anxiety for one day or more (63%). Individuals with a cancer history were more likely to report moderate-high or high concern for catching COVID-19 (59% vs.54%, P<0.001) but less likely to report anxiety (58% vs. 67%, P<0.001) compared to those without a cancer history. Individuals with higher SES were less likely to report anxiety (middle vs. low SES: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.59-0.79; high vs. low SES: OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.61-0.82). Additionally, increased concern for catching COVID-19 was associated with higher likelihood of reporting anxiety (moderate-low vs. low: OR=1.65, 95%CI=1.42-1.92; moderate-high vs. low: OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.53-3.50; high vs. low: OR=4.35, 95%CI=3.74-5.07). Conclusions Our findings suggest individuals with a cancer history reported higher concern for catching COVID-19. Higher concern for catching COVID was associated with anxiety. These findings indicate that healthcare providers should pay special attention to the different populations to reduce concerns for catching COVID-19 and provide strategies to improve mental health during a pandemic outbreak. Funding This study was supported by a supplement to The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC) core support grant ( P30 CA016058), and the OSUCCC The Recruitment, Intervention and Survey Shared Resource (RISSR)(P30 CA016058).The Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science grant support (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant UL1TR001070) in publications relating to this project. This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (F99CA253745 to X.Z.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Mengda Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University
| | | | | | - Electra D. Paskett
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
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