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Zhao Y, Kong H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Qu H. Inhibitory effects of Curcumae Radix carbonisata-based carbon dots against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:23-34. [PMID: 38035609 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2239522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
As a processed product of traditional Chinese medicine Curcumae Radix, Curcumae Radix Carbonisata (CRC) has been widely used in the treatment of liver diseases in ancient medical books. In this study, novel carbon dots (CDs) extending from 1.0 to 4.5 nm were separated from fluid extricates of CRC. Meanwhile, a liver fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was utilized to determine the inhibitory effects of CRC-CDs against liver fibrosis. The results exhibited the CRC-CDs with a quantum yield of 1.34% have a significant inhibitory effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, as demonstrated by improving hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic tissue hyperplasia, downregulating the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total bile acid (TBA), triglyceride (TG), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in the serum, upregulating the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and downregulating the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), which lays an important foundation for the development of CRC-CDs as a novel drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis, and provide a certain experimental basis for the clinical application of CRC-CDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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2
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Zhao G, Wang Y, Fan Z, Xiong J, Ertas YN, Ashammakhi N, Wang J, Ma T. Nanomaterials in crossroad of autophagy control in human cancers: Amplification of cell death mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216860. [PMID: 38583650 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the result of genetic abnormalities that cause normal cells to grow into neoplastic cells. Cancer is characterized by several distinct features, such as uncontrolled cell growth, extensive spreading to other parts of the body, and the ability to resist treatment. The scientists have stressed the development of nanostructures as novel therapeutic options in suppressing cancer, in response to the emergence of resistance to standard medicines. One of the specific mechanisms with dysregulation during cancer is autophagy. Nanomaterials have the ability to specifically carry medications and genes, and they can also enhance the responsiveness of tumor cells to standard therapy while promoting drug sensitivity. The primary mechanism in this process relies on autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes to break down the components of the cytoplasm. While autophagy was initially described as a form of cellular demise, it has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in controlling metastasis, proliferation, and treatment resistance in human malignancies. The pharmacokinetic profile of autophagy modulators is poor, despite their development for use in cancer therapy. Consequently, nanoparticles have been developed for the purpose of delivering medications and autophagy modulators selectively and specifically to the cancer process. Furthermore, several categories of nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to regulate autophagy, which plays a crucial role in defining the biological characteristics and response to therapy of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhongru Fan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 39039, Türkiye.
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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Bartkowski M, Zhou Y, Nabil Amin Mustafa M, Eustace AJ, Giordani S. CARBON DOTS: Bioimaging and Anticancer Drug Delivery. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303982. [PMID: 38205882 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, responsible for approximately 10 million lives annually, urgently requires innovative treatments, as well as solutions to mitigate the limitations of traditional chemotherapy, such as long-term adverse side effects and multidrug resistance. This review focuses on Carbon Dots (CDs), an emergent class of nanoparticles (NPs) with remarkable physicochemical and biological properties, and their burgeoning applications in bioimaging and as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. The review initiates with an overview of NPs as nanocarriers, followed by an in-depth look into the biological barriers that could affect their distribution, from barriers to administration, to intracellular trafficking. It further explores CDs' synthesis, including both bottom-up and top-down approaches, and their notable biocompatibility, supported by a selection of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies. Special attention is given to CDs' role in bioimaging, highlighting their optical properties. The discussion extends to their emerging significance as drug carriers, particularly in the delivery of doxorubicin and other anticancer agents, underscoring recent advancements and challenges in this field. Finally, we showcase examples of other promising bioapplications of CDs, emergent owing to the NPs flexible design. As research on CDs evolves, we envisage key challenges, as well as the potential of CD-based systems in bioimaging and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bartkowski
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yingru Zhou
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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Li H, Dou Y, Yang H, Xing H, Zhu C, Wang T, Xuan Z, Yang M. Ce6-modified Fe ions-doped carbon dots as multifunctional nanoplatform for ferroptosis and photodynamic synergistic therapy of melanoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:100. [PMID: 38462597 PMCID: PMC10924998 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the higher sensitivity of melanoma towards ferroptosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT), the lack of efficient ferroptosis inducers and the poor solubility of photosensitizers restrict their synergistic strategies. With unique advantages, carbon dots (CDs) are expected to serve as innovative building blocks for combination therapy of cancers. RESULTS Herein, an ferroptosis/PDT integrated nanoplatform for melanoma therapy is constructed based on chlorin e6-modified Fe ions-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs@Ce6). As a novel type of iron-carbon hybrid nanoparticles, the as-prepared Fe-CDs can selectively activate ferroptosis, prevent angiogenesis and inhibit the migration of mouse skin melanoma cells (B16), but have no toxicity to normal cells. The nano-conjugated structures facilitate not only the aqueous dispersibility of Ce6, but also the self-accumulation ability of Fe-CDs@Ce6 within melanoma area without requiring extra targets. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of Fe-CDs@Ce6 are synergistically enhanced due to the increased GSH depletion by PDT and the elevated singlet oxygen (1O2) production efficiency by Fe-CDs. When combined with laser irradiation, the tumor growth can be significantly suppressed by Fe-CDs@Ce6 through cyclic administration. The T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability of Fe-CDs@Ce6 also reveals their potentials for cancer diagnosis and navigation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the multifunctionality of Fe-CDs@Ce6 in effectively combining ferroptosis/PDT therapy, tumor targeting and MRI imaging, which enables Fe-CDs@Ce6 to become promising biocompatible nanoplatform for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Dou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Xing
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaopeng Xuan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao X, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Natarajan N, Raman M. Nerolidol, Bioactive Compound Suppress Growth of HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Cell Cycle Arrest and Induction of Apoptosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1365-1375. [PMID: 37395945 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the most prevalent cancer and causes the highest cancer-associated mortality in both men and women globally. It has a high incidence and fatality rate, which places a significant burden on the healthcare system. The current work was performed to understand the beneficial roles of nerolidol on the viability and cytotoxic mechanisms in the colon cancer HCT-116 cells. The MTT cytotoxicity assay was done to investigate the effect of nerolidol at different doses (5-100 µM) on the HCT-116 cell viability. The impacts of nerolidol on ROS accumulation and apoptosis were investigated using DCFH-DA, DAPI, and dual staining assays, respectively. The flow cytometry analysis was performed to study the influence of nerolidol on the cell cycle arrest in the HCT-116 cells. The outcomes of the MTT assay demonstrated that nerolidol at different doses (5-100 µM) substantially inhibited the HCT-116 cell viability with an IC50 level of 25 µM. The treatment with nerolidol appreciably boosted the ROS level in the HCT-116 cells. The findings of DAPI and dual staining revealed higher apoptotic incidences in the nerolidol-exposed HCT-116 cells, which supports its ability to stimulate apoptosis. The flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the considerable inhibition in cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in the nerolidol-exposed HCT-116 cells. Our research showed that nerolidol can inhibit the cell cycle, increase ROS accumulation, and activate apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. In light of this, it may prove to be a potent and salutary candidate to treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nandakumar Natarajan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Muthusamy Raman
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang H, Yang S, Chen L, Li Y, He P, Wang G, Dong H, Ma P, Ding G. Tumor diagnosis using carbon-based quantum dots: Detection based on the hallmarks of cancer. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:174-222. [PMID: 38034499 PMCID: PMC10684566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (CQDs) have been shown to have promising application value in tumor diagnosis. Their use, however, is severely hindered by the complicated nature of the nanostructures in the CQDs. Furthermore, it seems impossible to formulate the mechanisms involved using the inadequate theoretical frameworks that are currently available for CQDs. In this review, we re-consider the structure-property relationships of CQDs and summarize the current state of development of CQDs-based tumor diagnosis based on biological theories that are fully developed. The advantages and deficiencies of recent research on CQDs-based tumor diagnosis are thus explained in terms of the manifestation of nine essential changes in cell physiology. This review makes significant progress in addressing related problems encountered with other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Siwei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Liangfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peng He
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
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7
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Jing HH, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Sasidharan S. The future of plant based green carbon dots as cancer Nanomedicine: From current progress to future Perspectives and beyond. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38320729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of carbon dots (CDs) as anticancer agents had sparked a transformation in cancer research and treatment strategies. These fluorescent CDs, initially introduced in the early 2000 s, possess exceptional biocompatibility, tunable fluorescence, and surface modification capabilities, positioning them as promising tools in biomedical applications. AIM OF REVIEW The review encapsulates the transformative trajectory of green CDs as future anticancer nanomedicine, poised to redefine the strategies employed in the ongoing fight against cancer. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The versatility of CDs was rooted in their various synthesis approaches and sustainable strategies, enabling their adaptability for diverse therapeutic uses. In vitro studies had showcased CDs' selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells while sparing healthy counterparts, forming the basis for targeted therapeutic potential. This selectivity had been attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which opened avenues for targeted interventions. The role of CDs in combination therapies, synergizing with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted approaches was then investigated to heighten their anticancer efficacy. Notably, in vivo studies highlight CDs' remarkable biocompatibility and minimal side effects, endorsing their translational promise. Integration with conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy amplified the versatility and effectiveness of CDs. The exploration of CDs' applications in photo-induced treatments further solidified their significance, positioning them as photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal agents (PA) in photothermal therapy (PTT). In PDT, CDs triggered the generation of ROS upon light exposure, facilitating cancer cell elimination, while in PTT, they induced localized hyperthermia within cancer cells, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In vitro and in vivo investigations validated CDs' efficacy in PDT and PTT, affirming their potential for integration into combination therapies. Looking ahead, the future of CDs in anticancer treatment encompasses bioavailability, biocompatibility, synergistic treatments, tumor targeting, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics integration, personalized medicine, and clinical translation. This transformative odyssey of CDs as future anticancer agents is poised to redefine the paradigm of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hui Jing
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ali A Shati
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I Elbehairi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
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Gupta D, Roy P, Sharma R, Kasana R, Rathore P, Gupta TK. Recent nanotheranostic approaches in cancer research. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:8. [PMID: 38240834 PMCID: PMC10799106 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Humanity is suffering from cancer which has become a root cause of untimely deaths of individuals around the globe in the recent past. Nanotheranostics integrates therapeutics and diagnostics to monitor treatment response and enhance drug efficacy and safety. We hereby propose to discuss all recent cancer imaging and diagnostic tools, the mechanism of targeting tumor cells, and current nanotheranostic platforms available for cancer. This review discusses various nanotheranostic agents and novel molecular imaging tools like MRI, CT, PET, SPEC, and PAT used for cancer diagnostics. Emphasis is given to gold nanoparticles, silica, liposomes, dendrimers, and metal-based agents. We also highlight the mechanism of targeting the tumor cells, and the limitations of different nanotheranostic agents in the field of research for cancer treatment. Due to the complexity in this area, multifunctional and hybrid nanoparticles functionalized with targeted moieties or anti-cancer drugs show the best feature for theranostics that enables them to work on carrying and delivering active materials to the desired area of the requirement for early detection and diagnosis. Non-invasive imaging techniques have a specificity of receptor binding and internalization processes of the nanosystems within the cancer cells. Nanotheranostics may provide the appropriate medicine at the appropriate dose to the appropriate patient at the appropriate time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Richa Kasana
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Pragati Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Tejendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
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He K, Chen M, Liu J, Du S, Ren C, Zhang J. Nanomedicine for cancer targeted therapy with autophagy regulation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1238827. [PMID: 38239356 PMCID: PMC10794438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties and are currently widely used in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and new drug development in biomedicine. In recent years, the role of nanomedical technology in cancer treatment has become increasingly obvious. Autophagy is a multi-step degradation process in cells and an important pathway for material and energy recovery. It is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Because nanomaterials are highly targeted and biosafe, they can be used as carriers to deliver autophagy regulators; in addition to their favorable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be employed to carry autophagy inhibitors, reducing the breakdown of chemotherapy drugs by cancer cells and thereby enhancing the drug's efficacy. Furthermore, certain nanomaterials can induce autophagy, triggering oxidative stress-mediated autophagy enhancement and cell apoptosis, thus constraining the progression of cancer cells.There are various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, micelles, polymers, metal-based materials, and carbon-based materials. The majority of clinically applicable drugs are liposomes, though other materials are currently undergoing continuous optimization. This review begins with the roles of autophagy in tumor treatment, and then focuses on the application of nanomaterials with autophagy-regulating functions in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketai He
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingkun Chen
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shufang Du
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Wang C, Chen L, Tan R, Li Y, Zhao Y, Liao L, Ge Z, Ding C, Xing Z, Zhou P. Carbon dots and composite materials with excellent performances in cancer-targeted bioimaging and killing: a review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [PMID: 37965983 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanomaterials with excellent properties, including good biocompatibility, small size, ideal photoluminescence and surface modification, and are becoming one of the most attractive nanomaterials for the imaging, detection and treatment of tumors. Based on these advantages, CDs can be combined other materials to obtain composite particles with improved, even new, performance, mainly in photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This paper reviews the research progress of CDs and their composites in targeted tumor imaging, detection, diagnosis, drug delivery and tumor killing. It also discusses and proposes the challenges and perspectives of their future applications in these fields. This review provides ideas for future applications of novel CD-based materials in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Biological Intelligence Manufacturing of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Rongshuang Tan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yuchen Li
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhangjie Ge
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Chuanyang Ding
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhankui Xing
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Biological Intelligence Manufacturing of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Bakhsh T, Abuzahrah SS, Qahl SH, Akela MA, Rather IA. Sugiol Masters Apoptotic Precision to Halt Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1528. [PMID: 38004394 PMCID: PMC10675088 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugiol, a natural compound with anticancer properties, has shown promise in various cancer types, but its potential in preventing gastric cancer remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of sugiol on human gastric cancer cell proliferation. Our findings demonstrate that sugiol effectively suppresses the proliferation of SNU-5 human gastric cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cell death. We assessed the chemo-preventive potential of sugiol via an MTT assay and confirmed the induction of oxidative stress using the H2DCFDA fluorescent dye. Treatment with sugiol at concentrations higher than 25 µM for 24 h resulted in an increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This elevation of ROS levels inhibited cell-cycle progression and induced cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Furthermore, our study revealed that sugiol reduces the viability and proliferation of SNU-5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, ADME and toxicity analyses revealed that sugiol was effective and nontoxic at low doses. In parallel, we utilized the Swiss target prediction tool to identify potential targets for sugiol. Enzymes and nuclear receptors were identified as major targets. To gain insights into the molecular interactions, we performed structure-based molecular docking studies, focusing on the interaction between sugiol and STAT3. The docking results revealed strong binding interactions within the active site pocket of STAT3, with a binding affinity of -12.169 kcal/mole. Sugiol's -OH group, carbonyl group, and phenyl ring demonstrated hydrogen-bonding interactions with specific residues of the target protein, along with Vander Waals and hydrophobic interactions. These data suggest that sugiol has the potential to inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3, which is known to play a crucial role in promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells. Targeting the dysregulated STAT3 signaling pathway holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for various human tumors. In combination with interventions that regulate cell cycle progression and mitigate the DNA damage response, the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches can be further enhanced. The findings from our study highlight the antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of sugiol against human gastric cancer cells (SNU-5). Moreover, the result underpins that sugiol's interactions with STAT3 may contribute to its inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth and proliferation. Further research is warranted to explore the full potential of sugiol as a therapeutic agent and its potential application in treating gastric cancer and other malignancies characterized by dysregulated STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Sulaiman Abuzahrah
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa H. Qahl
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Akela
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jedddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Nabil M, Megahed F. Quantum Dot Nanomaterials: Preparation, Characterization, Advanced Bio-Imaging and Therapeutic Applications. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03472-0. [PMID: 37878236 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The bio-imaging technology is one of the most significant modern applications used in several fields, including early diagnosis of many illnesses that are most important diseases facing humanity and other vital uses. The primary advancement in nanotechnology is the creation of innovative fluorescence probes called quantum dots (QDs). The use of molecular tagging in research, in vivo, and in vitro studies is revolutionized by quantum dots. The application of QD indicates conversion in natural imaging and photography has demonstrated extraordinary appropriateness in bio-imaging, the discovery of novel drugs, and delivery of targeted genes, biosensing, photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis. New potential methods of early cancer detection and treatment management are being researched as a result of the special physical and chemical characteristics of QD probes. The bio-imaging technique depends on the fluorescent emission of the used materials, which is paired with living cells that are easy to see it in 3D without any surgical intervention. Therefore, the use of QDs many types that have unique and appropriate properties for use in that application; In terms of fluorescent emission strength, duration and luminosity.This review article displays some methods of preparation for QDs nanomaterials and the devices used in this. In addition, it presentssome of challenges that must be avoided for the possibility of using them in the bio-imaging field; as toxicity, bio-compatibility, and hydrophilization. It's reviewed some of the devices that use QDs in bio-imaging technique, the QDs application in cell analysis-imaging, and QDs application in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Nabil
- Department of Electronic Materials Researches, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City for Scientific, Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Fayed Megahed
- Nucleic Acid Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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13
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Dai X, Liu X, Li Y, Xu Q, Yang L, Gao F. Nitrogen-phosphorous co-doped carbonized chitosan nanoparticles for chemotherapy and ROS-mediated immunotherapy of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus infection. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121013. [PMID: 37230629 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) residing in host macrophages is hard to clear because intracellular S. aureus has evolved mechanisms to hijack and subvert the immune response to favor intracellular infection. To overcome this challenge, nitrogen-phosphorous co-doped carbonized chitosan nanoparticles (NPCNs), which possess the polymer/carbon hybrid structures, were fabricated to clear intracellular S. aureus infection through chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Multi-heteroatom NPCNs were fabricated through the hydrothermal method, where chitosan and imidazole were used as the C and N sources and phosphoric acid as the P source. NPCNs can not only be used as a fluorescent probe for bacteria imaging but also kill extracellular and intracellular bacteria with low cytotoxicity. NPCNs could generate ROS and polarize macrophages into classically activated (M1) phenotypes to increase antibacterial immunity. Furthermore, NPCNs could accelerate intracellular S. aureus-infected wound healing in vivo. We envision that these carbonized chitosan nanoparticles may provide a new platform for clearing intracellular bacterial infection through chemotherapy and ROS-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Lele Yang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China.
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14
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Yenurkar D, Nayak M, Mukherjee S. Recent advances of nanocrystals in cancer theranostics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4018-4040. [PMID: 37560418 PMCID: PMC10408581 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging cancer cases across the globe and treating them with conventional therapies with multiple limitations have been challenging for decades. Novel drug delivery systems and alternative theranostics are required for efficient detection and treatment. Nanocrystals (NCs) have been established as a significant cancer diagnosis and therapeutic tool due to their ability to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs with sustained release, low toxicity, and flexibility in the route of administration, long-term sustainable drug release, and noncomplicated excretion. This review summarizes several therapies of NCs, including anticancer, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, biotheranostics, targeted therapy, photothermal, and photodynamic. Further, different imaging and diagnostics using NCs are mentioned, including imaging, diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), biosensing, and luminescence. In addition, the limitations and potential solutions of NCs in the field of cancer theranostics are discussed. Preclinical and clinical data depicting the importance of NCs in the spotlight of cancer, its current status, future aspects, and challenges are covered in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Yenurkar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi-221005 UP India
| | - Malay Nayak
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi-221005 UP India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi-221005 UP India
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15
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Rahimi A, Esmaeili Y, Dana N, Dabiri A, Rahimmanesh I, Jandaghain S, Vaseghi G, Shariati L, Zarrabi A, Javanmard SH, Cordani M. A comprehensive review on novel targeted therapy methods and nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems in melanoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106476. [PMID: 37236377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer, has been swiftly increasing in recent years. Although there have been significant advancements in clinical treatment underlying a well-understanding of melanoma-susceptible genes and the molecular basis of melanoma pathogenesis, the permanency of response to therapy is frequently constrained by the emergence of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. Conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have already been used to treat melanoma and are dependent on the cancer stage. Nevertheless, ineffective side effects and the heterogeneity of tumors pose major obstacles to the therapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma through such strategies. In light of this, advanced therapies including nucleic acid therapies (ncRNA, aptamers), suicide gene therapies, and gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes, have lately gained immense attention in the field of cancer treatment. Furthermore, nanomedicine and targeted therapy based on gene editing tools have been applied to the treatment of melanoma as potential cancer treatment approaches nowadays. Indeed, nanovectors enable delivery of the therapeutic agents into the tumor sites by passive or active targeting, improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the recent findings related to novel targeted therapy methods as well as nanotechnology-based gene systems in melanoma. We also discussed current issues along with potential directions for future research, paving the way for the next-generation of melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Rahimi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Dabiri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Setareh Jandaghain
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Alzahrani B, Elderdery AY, Alzerwi NAN, Alsrhani A, Alsultan A, Rayzah M, Idrees B, Rayzah F, Baksh Y, Alzahrani AM, Subbiah SK, Mok PL. Pluronic-F-127-Passivated SnO 2 Nanoparticles Derived by Using Polygonum cuspidatum Root Extract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091760. [PMID: 37176818 PMCID: PMC10181209 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as the most popular research topic with revolutionary applications across all scientific disciplines. Tin oxide (SnO2) has been gaining considerable attention lately owing to its intriguing features, which can be enhanced by its synthesis in the nanoscale range. The establishment of a cost-efficient and ecologically friendly procedure for its production is the result of growing concerns about human well-being. The novelty and significance of this study lie in the fact that the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles have been tailored to have specific properties, such as size and morphology. These properties are crucial for their applications. Moreover, this study provides insights into the synthesis process of SnO2 nanoparticles, which can be useful for developing efficient and cost-effective methods for large-scale production. In the current study, green Pluronic-coated SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing the root extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum have been formulated and characterized by several methods such as UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. The crystallite size of SnO2 NPs was estimated to be 45 nm, and a tetragonal rutile-type crystalline structure was observed. FESEM analysis validated the NPs' spherical structure. The cytotoxic potential of the NPs against HepG2 cells was assessed using the in vitro MTT assay. The apoptotic efficiency of the NPs was evaluated using a dual-staining approach. The NPs revealed substantial cytotoxic effects against HepG2 cells but failed to exhibit cytotoxicity in different liver cell lines. Furthermore, dual staining and flow cytometry studies revealed higher apoptosis in NP-treated HepG2 cells. Nanoparticle treatment also inhibited the cell cycle at G0/G1 stage. It increased oxidative stress and promoted apoptosis by encouraging pro-apoptotic protein expression in HepG2 cells. NP treatment effectively blocked the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HepG2 cells. Thus, green Pluronic-F-127-coated SnO2 NPs exhibits enormous efficiency to be utilized as an talented anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abozer Y Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A N Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, P.O. Box 66, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alsultan
- Department of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Rayzah
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, P.O. Box 66, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Idrees
- Department of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares Rayzah
- Aseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Baksh
- Iman General Hospital, Riyadh 12684, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, P.O. Box 66, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh K Subbiah
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Nemati M, Hallaj T, Rezaie J, Rasmi Y. Nitrogen and copper-doped saffron-based carbon dots: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic effects on human colorectal cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 319:121510. [PMID: 36813083 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Doped carbon dots (CDs) have attracted tremendous attention in cancer therapy. We aimed to synthesize copper, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (Cu, N-CDs) from saffron and investigated their effects on HCT-116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. MAIN METHODS CDs were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. HCT-116 and HT-29 cells were incubated with saffron, N-CDs, and Cu, N-CDs for 24 and 48 h for cell viability. Cellular uptake and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Oil Red O staining was used to monitor lipid accumulation. Apoptosis was evaluated using acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay. The expression of miRNA-182 and miRNA-21 was measured by Q-PCR, while the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity was calculated by colorimetric methods. KEY FINDINGS CDs were successfully prepared and characterized. Cell viability decreased in the treated cells dose- and time-dependently. HCT-116 and HT-29 cells uptook Cu, N-CDs with a high level of ROS generation. The Oil Red O staining showed lipid accumulation. Concomitant with an up-regulation of apoptotic genes (p < 0.05), AO/PI staining showed increased apoptosis in the treated cells. In comparison to control cells, NO generation, and miRNA-182 and miRNA-21 expression significantly changed in the Cu, N-CDs treated cells (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The results indicated that Cu, N-CDs could inhibit CRC cells through the induction of ROS generation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Tooba Hallaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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18
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Mohandoss S, Ganesan S, Palanisamy S, You S, Velsankar K, Sudhahar S, Lo HM, Lee YR. Nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus Co-doped carbon dots-based ratiometric chemosensor for highly selective sequential detection of Al 3+ and Fe 3+ ions in logic gate, cell imaging, and real sample analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137444. [PMID: 36462566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped photoluminescent (PL) carbon dots (CDs) have recently gained attention as optical sensors due to their excellent tunable properties. In this work, we propose a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of PL nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P) co-doped carbon dots (NSP-CDs) using glutathione and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as precursors. The synthesized NSP-CDs were characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The NSP-CDs exhibited excellent PL properties with green emission at 492 nm upon excitation at 417 nm, a high quantum yield of 26.7%, and dependent emission behavior. The as-prepared NSP-CDs were spherical with a well-monodispersed average particle size of 5.2 nm. Moreover, NSP-CDs demonstrate high PL stability toward a wider pH, high salt ionic strength, and various solvents. Furthermore, the NSP-CDs showed a three-state "off-on-off" PL response upon the sequential addition of Al3+ and Fe3+ ions, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 10.8 nM for Al3+ and 50.7 nM for Fe3+. The NSP-CD sensor can construct an INHIBIT logic gate with Al3+ and Fe3+ ions as the chemical inputs and emissions as the output mode. Owing to an excellent tunable PL property and biocompatibility, the NSP-CDs were applied for sensing Al3+ and Fe3+ ions as well as live cell imaging. Furthermore, NSP-CDs were designed as PL sensors for detecting Al3+ and Fe3+ ions in real water show their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sivarasan Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan
| | - Subramanian Palanisamy
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - K Velsankar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Huang-Mu Lo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmad MA, Aung YY, Widati AA, Sakti SCW, Sumarsih S, Irzaman I, Yuliarto B, Chang JY, Fahmi MZ. A Perspective on Using Organic Molecules Composing Carbon Dots for Cancer Treatment. Nanotheranostics 2023; 7:187-201. [PMID: 36793348 PMCID: PMC9925355 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.80076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent Carbon dots (CDs) derived from biologically active sources have shown enhanced activities compared to their precursors. With their prominent potentiality, these small-sized (<10nm) nanomaterials could be easily synthesized from organic sources either by bottom-up or green approach. Their sources could influence the functional groups present on the CDs surfaces. A crude source of organic molecules has been used to develop fluorescent CDs. In addition, pure organic molecules were also valuable in developing practical CDs. Physiologically responsive interaction of CDs with various cellular receptors is possible due to the robust functionalization on their surface. In this review, we studied various literatures from the past ten years that reported the potential application of carbon dots as alternatives in cancer chemotherapy. The selective cytotoxic nature of some of the CDs towards cancer cell lines suggests the role of surface functional groups towards selective interaction, which results in over-expressed proteins characteristic of cancer cell lines. It could be inferred that cheaply sourced CDs could selectively bind to overexpressed proteins in cancer cells with the ultimate effect of cell death induced by apoptosis. In most cases, CDs-induced apoptosis directly or indirectly follows the mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, these nanosized CDs could serve as alternatives to the current kinds of cancer treatments that are expensive and have numerous side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musbahu Adam Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Yu Aung
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Alfa Akustia Widati
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supramodification Nano-micro Engineering (SPANENG) research group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Satya Candra Wibawa Sakti
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supramodification Nano-micro Engineering (SPANENG) research group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Sumarsih
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Irzaman Irzaman
- Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University of Indonesia, Bogor16680, Indonesia
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung40132, Indonesia
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supramodification Nano-micro Engineering (SPANENG) research group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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20
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Miao Y, Wang S, Zhang B, Liu L. Carbon dot-based nanomaterials: a promising future nano-platform for targeting tumor-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133238. [PMID: 37205099 PMCID: PMC10186348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment that tumors depend on for survival and development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as an important part of the tumor microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of various malignant tumors and has immunosuppressant ability. With the development of immunotherapy, eradicating cancer cells by activating the innate immune system has yielded encouraging results, however only a minority of patients show a lasting response. Therefore, in vivo imaging of dynamic TAMs is crucial in patient-tailored immunotherapy to identify patients who will benefit from immunotherapy, monitor efficacy after treatment, and identify alternative strategies for non-responders. Meanwhile, developing nanomedicines based on TAMs-related antitumor mechanisms to effectively inhibit tumor growth is expected to become a promising research field. Carbon dots (CDs), as an emerging member of the carbon material family, exhibit unexpected superiority in fluorescence imaging/sensing, such as near infrared imaging, photostability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. Their characteristics naturally integrate therapy and diagnosis, and when CDs are combined with targeted chemical/genetic/photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic moieties, they are good candidates for targeting TAMs. We concentrate our discussion on the current learn of TAMs and describe recent examples of macrophage modulation based on carbon dot-associated nanoparticles, emphasizing the advantages of their multifunctional platform and their potential for TAMs theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin Liu
- *Correspondence: Butian Zhang, ; Lin Liu,
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Alam MB, Minocha T, Yadav SK, Parmar AS. Therapeutic Potential of Chlorophyll Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots against Cervical Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Bayazeed Alam
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Tarun Minocha
- Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Sanjeev K. Yadav
- Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
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22
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Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots from Crataegi Fructus for pH sensing, cell imaging and hemostatic effects. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Feng Z, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang W. NCAPG2 contributes to the progression of malignant melanoma through regulating proliferation and metastasis. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:473-484. [PMID: 36265182 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive cutaneous neoplasm with increasing incidence worldwide. Non-SMC condensin II complex subunit G2 (NCAPG2) exerts import biological function in the pathogenesis of several tumors. In this study, the functional roles of NCAPG2 knockdown in malignant melanoma were revealed in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro study demonstrated that NCAPG2 depletion could inhibit proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells. Our in vivo date further confirmed that NCAPG2 knockdown attenuated tumor growth of malignant melanoma. Interestingly, NCAPG2 drove tumor development of malignant melanoma through activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In conclusion, this study elaborated the tumor-promoting effects of NCAPG2 on malignant melanoma, and NCAPG2 may be a potential therapeutic target for malignant melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Feng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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24
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Singh S, Raina D, Rishipathak D, Babu KR, Khurana R, Gupta Y, Garg K, Rehan F, Gupta SM. Quantum dots in the biomedical world: A smart advanced nanocarrier for multiple venues application. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200299. [PMID: 36058643 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanoparticles having different optical and electrical properties when compared to larger particles. They exhibit photoluminescence when irradiated with ultraviolet light, which is due to the transition of an excited electron from the valence band to the conductance band followed by the return of the exciting electron back into the valence band. The size and material of QDs can affect their optical and other properties too. The QDs possess special attributes like high brightness, protection from photobleaching, photostability, color tunability, low toxicity, low production cost, a multiplexing limit, and a high surface-to-volume proportion, which make them a promising tool for biomedical applications. Here, in this study, we summarize the utilization of QDs in different applications including bioimaging, diagnostics, immunostaining, single-cell analysis, drug delivery, and protein detection. Moreover, we discuss the advantages and challenges of using QDs in biomedical applications when compared with other conventional tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepika Raina
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic era hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Rishipathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kamesh R Babu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Riya Khurana
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| | - Kartik Garg
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| | - Farah Rehan
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shraddha M Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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25
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Gunture K, Garg AK, Aggarwal R, Kaushik J, Prajapati RK, Sonkar SK. Non-aqueous onion like nano-carbons from waste diesel-soot used as FRET-based sensor for sensing of nitro-phenols. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113308. [PMID: 35460637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple-functionalization method is described to prepare the oleylamine functionalized non-aqueous version of onion-like nanocarbons (ONC-OA), where ONC was isolated from the waste pollutant soot exhausted from the diesel engine. The surface group analysis of ONC-OA has been investigated via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ONC-OA shows blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of ∼6% in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The fluorescence-based sensing applications of ONC-OA has been investigated for selective sensing of toxic aromatic nitro-phenols compounds (para-nitro, dinitro, and trinitro phenols) from the tested many nitro organic compounds. Based on the limit of detection values, ONC-OA shows much better results for tri-nitro phenol compared to di and mono nitrophenol. To understand the quenching mechanism, a time-resolved photoluminescence analysis of the sensor with and without the addition of quenchers is performed. The effective lowering in fluorescence lifetime of the sensor after the addition of quenchers concludes that the quenching observed is majorly due to the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism. The real-life application of ONC-OA was analyzed by external spiking of N-PhOHs in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Gunture
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Anjali Kumari Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Ruchi Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Jaidev Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar Prajapati
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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26
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de Boëver R, Town JR, Li X, Claverie JP. Carbon Dots for Carbon Dummies: The Quantum and The Molecular Questions Among Some Others. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200748. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël de Boëver
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jason R. Town
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jerome P. Claverie
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
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27
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Krętowski R, Cechowska-Pasko M. The Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Induces Apoptosis, Autophagy and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169285. [PMID: 36012549 PMCID: PMC9409172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has already been reported as a potential cytostatic agent in various cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying rGO’s cytotoxicity are still insufficiently understood. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the molecular and cellular effects of rGO in breast cancer. Given this, two cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1, were analyzed using MTT test, flow cytometry and Western blot assay. Incubation with rGO resulted in a multitude of effects, including the stimulation of autophagy, cell cycle arrest and, finally, the apoptotic death of cancer cells. Notably, rGO had minimal effect on normal human fibroblasts. Apoptosis in cancer cells was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, the deregulated expression of mitochondrial proteins and the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, suggesting that rGO predominantly induced apoptosis via intrinsic pathway. The analysis of LC3 protein expression revealed that rGO also caused autophagy in breast cancer cells. Moreover, rGO treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest, which was accompanied by deregulated p21 expression. Altogether, rGO seems to have multidirectional cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in breast cancer cells, making it a promising agent worthy of further investigation.
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28
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wu T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Kong H, Zhao Y, Qu H. Protective Effects of Zingiberis Carbonisata-Based Carbon Dots on Diabetic Liver Injury in Mice. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To explain the active components of ZRC-CDs from the perspective of nanomaterials and investigate the potential mechanism for the treatment of diabetic liver injury, the structure, electron transfer properties, and elemental composition of ZRC-CDs were characterized. The protective
effects of ZRC-CDs on the diabetic liver injury were demonstrated using the Alloxan-induced diabetic model. The ZRC-CDs are spherical, with a diameter ranging from 1.0–4.5 nm and a yield of 0.56%. The results showed that ZRC-CDs decreased the levels of blood glucose in diabetic mice
and had a mitigating effect on elevated ALT and AST. More studies found that ZRC-CDs were able to decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and suppress the protein expression in related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Arezki Y, Rapp M, Lebeau L, Ronzani C, Pons F. Cationic Carbon Nanoparticles Induce Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in Macrophages via Lysosomal Dysfunction. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:925399. [PMID: 35928766 PMCID: PMC9345407 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.925399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, including carbon dots (CDs), form a growing family of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with widespread applications. As the rapid expansion of nanotechnologies raises safety concerns, interaction of NPs with the immune system is receiving a lot of attention. Recent studies have reported that engineered NPs may induce macrophage death by pyroptosis. Therefore, this study investigated whether cationic CDs induce pyroptosis in human macrophages and assessed the role of inflammasome and lysosome in this process. Cationic CDs were synthetized by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and high molecular weight branched polyethyleneimine. The NPs evoked a dose-dependent viability loss in THP-1-derived macrophages. A cell leakage, an increase in IL-1β secretion and an activation of caspase-1 were also observed in response to the NPs. Inhibition of caspase-1 decreased CD-induced cell leakage and IL-1β secretion, while restoring cell viability. Besides, CDs triggered swelling and loss of integrity of lysosome, and inhibition of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B decreased CD-induced IL-1β secretion. Thus, our data provide evidence that cationic CDs induce inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in macrophages via lysosomal dysfunction.
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30
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Park M, Sharma A, Kang C, Han J, Tripathi KM, Lee HJ. N-Doped Carbon Nanorods from Biomass as a Potential Antidiabetic Nanomedicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2131-2141. [PMID: 35476416 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient glucose control remains a critical challenge for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with currently used therapeutic drugs, which can also have detrimental side effects. The facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanorods (N-CNRs) as therapeutic agents in a T2DM transgenic db/db mouse model is reported herein. N-CNRs are synthesized from silkworm powder without the assistance of any template and possess a hollow graphitic nature, rough surface, and good aqueous solubility, which make them ideal candidates for fabricating nanomedicines. N-CNRs are employed to reduce fasting blood glucose and ameliorate serum biomarker levels linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, through the downregulation of enhanced expression of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase as well as inflammatory responses, N-CNRs reverse pancreatic dysfunction and normalize the secretory functions of pancreatic cells. Moreover, hepatic steatosis is attenuated by downregulating lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid oxidation. This finding may help in designing novel therapeutics for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Chaewon Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
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31
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Liu Z, Wang H, Sun C, He Y, Xia T, Wang J, Xiong X, Zhang Q, Yang S, Liu L. ZWZ-3, a Fluorescent Probe Targeting Mitochondria for Melanoma Imaging and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829684. [PMID: 35281928 PMCID: PMC8905922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased drug resistance and metastasis of melanoma resulted in poor prognosis of patients. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel hemicyanine-based fluorescent probe ZWZ-3, and investigated its application for melanoma imaging and treatment both in vitro and in vivo. ZWZ-3 preferentially accumulated in melanoma cells via a process that depended on the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP), which targeted mitochondria on the hemicyanine cationic nitrogen. In addition, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of ZWZ-3 in melanoma. In vitro studies showed that ZWZ-3 promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species and induced mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis by upregulating Bax and activating caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP. Importantly, ZWZ-3 also induced autophagy by upregulating LC-3II and Atg5 and downregulating P62. It significantly suppressed tumor growth of A375 xenograft tumor in mice without notable side effects. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that ZWZ-3 induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Thus, ZWZ-3 represents a novel theranostic agent that can be used to effectively targeting, detecting, and treating melanoma. It could also help monitoring disease progression and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjin Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changzhen Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanmin He
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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32
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Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Clark C, Zabolian A, Ranjbar E, Farahani MV, Saleki H, Sharifzadeh SO, Far FB, Ashrafizadeh M, Samarghandian S, Khan H, Ghavami S, Zarrabi A, Łos MJ. Targeted regulation of autophagy using nanoparticles: New insight into cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Protective effects of gallocatechin gallate against ultraviolet B induced skin damages in hairless mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1310. [PMID: 35079059 PMCID: PMC8789851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has the effect to protect skin from ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damages, but it is unstable under ambient conditions, being susceptible to become brown in color. Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), an epimer counterpart of EGCG, is more stable chemically than EGCG. The potential effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin damages has not been available. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin photodamages. GCG was topically applied on the skin of hairless mice at three dosage levels (LL, 12.5 mg/mL; ML 25 mg/mL; HL, 50 mg/mL), with EGCG and a commercially available baby sunscreen lotion SPF50 PA+++ as control. The mice were then irradiated by UVB (fluence rate 1.7 µmol/m2 s) for 45 min. The treatments were carried out once a day for 6 consecutive days. Skin measurements and histological studies were performed at the end of experiment. The results show that GCG treatments at ML and HL levels inhibited the increase in levels of skin oil and pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation, and improved the skin elasticity and collagen fibers. GCG at ML and HL levels inhibited the formation of melanosomes and aberrations in mitochondria of UVB-irradiated skin in hairless mice. It is concluded that GCG protected skin from UVB-induced photodamages by improving skin elasticity and collagen fibers, and inhibiting aberrations in mitochondria and formation of melanosomes.
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Kong H, Zhao Y, Cao P, Luo J, Liu Y, Qu H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. The Bioactivity of Scutellariae Radix Carbonisata-Derived Carbon Dots: Antiallergic Effect. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2485-2494. [PMID: 34974871 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicine is a treasure of the Chinese nation, and charcoal drugs are a class of medicine with distinctive characteristics. Scutellariae Radix Carbonisata (SRC) could be a sort of calcined herb medicate that has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics to treat hypersensitivities. However, to date, the function of the carbonized part and action mechanisms of SRCs have not been elucidated. In this study, novel water-soluble carbon dots (CDs, named SRC-CDs) ranging from 2 to 9 nm were observed and separated from aqueous extracts of SRC. These SRC-CDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM, as well as Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy, to determine particle size, morphology, chemical structure, and optical properties. Then, the in vitro antiallergic efficacy of the SRC-CDs was studied in a C48/80-induced RBL-2H3 cell model, in which remarkable antiallergic effects were revealed. These results will provide new solution directions and technical methods for follow-up research of charcoal drugs and new understanding of potential biomedical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juan Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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35
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Catalani E, Giovarelli M, Zecchini S, Perrotta C, Cervia D. Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225791. [PMID: 34830947 PMCID: PMC8616245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. The recent approval of several drugs has increased the chance of survival although a significant subset of patients with metastatic melanoma do not show a long-lasting response to these treatments. The complex cross-talk between oxidative stress and the catabolic process autophagy seems to play a central role in all aspects of melanoma pathophysiology, from initiation to progression and metastasis, including drug resistance. However, determining the fine role of autophagy in cancer death and in response to redox disruption is still a fundamental challenge in order to advance both basic and translational aspects of this field. In order to summarize the interactions among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, autophagy machinery and proliferation/growth/death/apoptosis/survival, we provide here a narrative review of the preclinical evidence for drugs/treatments that modulate oxidative stress and autophagy in melanoma cells. The significance and the potential for pharmacological targeting (also through multiple and combination approaches) of these two different events, which can contribute independently or simultaneously to the fate of melanoma, may help to define new processes and their interconnections underlying skin cancer biology and unravel new reliable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
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Cai R, Xiao L, Liu M, Du F, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Functional Carbon Quantum Dots for Antitumour. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7195-7229. [PMID: 34720582 PMCID: PMC8550800 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of quasi-zero-dimensional photoluminescent nanomaterials with particle sizes less than 10 nm. Owing to their favourable water dispersion, strong chemical inertia, stable optical performance, and good biocompatibility, CQDs have become prominent in biomedical fields. CQDs can be fabricated by “top-down” and “bottom-up” methods, both of which involve oxidation, carbonization, pyrolysis and polymerization. The functions of CQDs include biological imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, gene carrying, antimicrobial performance, photothermal ablation and so on, which enable them to be utilized in antitumour applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of CQDs in antitumour applications from preparation and characterization to application prospects. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of CQDs are discussed along with future perspectives for precise individual therapy of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Du
- School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
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Raja S, Buhl EM, Dreschers S, Schalla C, Zenke M, Sechi A, Mattoso LHC. Curauá-derived carbon dots: Fluorescent probes for effective Fe(III) ion detection, cellular labeling and bioimaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112409. [PMID: 34579918 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the generation of curauá-derived carbon dots (C-dots) and their suitability for Fe(III) detection, bioimaging and FACS analysis. C-dots were generated from curauá (Ananas erectifolius) fibers by a facile one-step hydrothermal approach. They exhibited graphite-like structure with a mean diameter of 2.4 nm, high water solubility, high levels of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups, excitation-dependent multicolor fluorescence emission (in the range 450 nm - 560 nm) and superior photostability. C-dots were highly selective and effective for the detection of ferric Fe(III) ion in an aqueous medium with a detection limit of 0.77 μM in the linear range of 0-30 μM, a value much lower than the guideline limits proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In biological cell systems, C-dots were very well tolerated by B16F1 mouse melanoma and J774.A1 mouse macrophages cell lines, both of which effectively internalized C-dots in their cytoplasmic compartment. Finally, C-dots were effective probes for long-term live cell imaging experiments and multi-channel flow cytometry analysis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that curauá-derived C-dots serve as versatile and effective natural products for Fe(III) ion sensing, labeling and bioimaging of various cell types. This study adds novel C-dots to the library of carbon-based probes and paves the way towards a sustainable conversion of a most abundant biomass waste into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Raja
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute for Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Dreschers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
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Mohammadi M, Zaki L, KarimiPourSaryazdi A, Tavakoli P, Tavajjohi A, Poursalehi R, Delavari H, Ghaffarifar F. Efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles via ginger rhizome extract against Leishmania major in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255571. [PMID: 34407085 PMCID: PMC8372886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that causes by parasite of the genus Leishmania. The pentavalent antimonial compounds that used for treatment are not safe or effective enough. The aim of the present study was preparation and evaluation of the efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against Leishmania major (L. major) in vitro. METHODS To synthesis silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), ginger extract was added to the 0.2mM AgNO3 aqueous solution (1:20). Effects of different concentrations of Ag-NPs on the number of L. major promastigotes were investigated using counting assay. The MTT test was applied to determine the toxicity of Ag-NPs on promastigotes of L. major, as well as, macrophage cells. Then, to evaluate the anti-amastigotes effects of Ag-NPs, parasites within the macrophages were counted by light microscope. Furthermore, to determine the induced apoptosis and necrotic effects of Ag-NPs on promastigotes, flow cytometry method was employed using annexin staining. RESULTS The effect of Ag-NPs on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major was effective and has a reverse relationship with its concentration. According to the results of anti-amastigote assay, the IC50 value of this nanoparticle was estimated 2.35 ppm after 72h. Also, Ag-NPs caused Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in promastigotes of L. major and showed 60.18% of apoptosis. DISCUSSION Based on the mentioned results, it can be concluded that Ag NPs has a beneficial effect on promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major in vitro. Hence, these nanoparticles could be applied as promising antileishmanial agents for treatment of Leishmania infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Nanomaterials Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zaki
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Tavakoli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Tavajjohi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Nanomaterials Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Poursalehi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Nanomaterials Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Delavari
- Department of Materials Engineering, Nanomaterials Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Suleman S, Shukla SK, Malhotra N, Bukkitgar SD, Shetti NP, Pilloton R, Narang J, Nee Tan Y, Aminabhavi TM. Point of care detection of COVID-19: Advancement in biosensing and diagnostic methods. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 414:128759. [PMID: 33551668 PMCID: PMC7847737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.128759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has created much inconvenience and fear that the virus can seriously affect humans, causing health hazards and death. This pandemic has created much worry and as per the report by World Health Organization (WHO), more than 43 million individuals in 215 countries and territories were affected. People around the world are still struggling to overcome the problems associated with this pandemic. Of all the available methods, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been widely practiced for the pandemic detection even though several diagnostic tools are available having varying accuracy and sensitivity. The method offers many advantages making it a life-saving tool, but the method has the limitation of transporting to the nearest pathology lab, thus limiting its application in resource limited settings. This has a risen a crucial need for point-of-care devices for on-site detection. In this venture, biosensors have been used, since they can be applied immediately at the point-of-care. This review will discuss about the available diagnostic methods and biosensors for COVID-19 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Suleman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sudheesh K Shukla
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM. Gammalkilsvagen 18, 590 53, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Nitesh Malhotra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences (FAHS), Manav Rachana International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shikandar D Bukkitgar
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Opposite to Airport, Hubballi 580 027, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Opposite to Airport, Hubballi 580 027, India
| | - Roberto Pilloton
- Institute of Crystallography of National Research Council (IC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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de Franca MNF, Isidório RG, Bonifacio JHO, Dos Santos EWP, Santos JF, Ottoni FM, de Lucca Junior W, Scher R, Alves RJ, Corrêa CB. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of glycosidic derivatives of lawsone in melanoma cancer cell. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:662. [PMID: 34078316 PMCID: PMC8173884 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a malignant cancer that affects melanocytes and is considered the most aggressive skin-type cancer. The prevalence for melanoma cancer for the last five year is about one million cases. The impact caused of this and other types of cancer, revel the importance of research into potential active compounds. The natural products are an important source of compounds with biological activity and research with natural products may enable the discovery of compounds with potential activity in tumor cells. Methods The Sulforhodamine B was used to determine cell density after treatment with lawsone derivatives. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometer. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescence using the Phalloidin/FITC and DAPI stains. The clonogenic and wound healing assays were used to analyze reduction of colonies formation and migratory capacity of melanoma cells, respectability. Results In pharmacological screening, seven compounds derived from lawsone were considered to have high cytotoxic activity (GI > 75%). Three compounds were selected to assess the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cells (IC50), and the compound 9, that has IC50 5.3 μM in melanoma cells, was selected for further analyses in this cell line. The clonogenic assay showed that the compound is capable of reducing the formation of melanoma colonies at 10.6 μM concentration. The compound induced apoptotic morphological changes in melanoma cells and increased by 50% the cells dying from apoptosis. Also, this compound reduced the migratory capacity of melanoma cells. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the evaluated lawsone derivatives have potential activity on tumor cells. The compound 9 is capable of inducing cell death by apoptosis in melanoma cells (B16F10). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08404-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Raquel Geralda Isidório
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Oliveira Bonifacio
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Edmilson Willian Propheta Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jileno Ferreira Santos
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Flaviano Melo Ottoni
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Waldecy de Lucca Junior
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience of Sergipe, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Corrêa
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil. .,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Thangaraj B, Solomon PR, Chuangchote S, Wongyao N, Surareungchai W. Biomass‐derived Carbon Quantum Dots – A Review. Part 1: Preparation and Characterization. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Road 10150 Tha Kham, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Pravin Raj Solomon
- SASTRA-Deemed University School of Chemical and Biotechnology 613 402 Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Surawut Chuangchote
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology 126 Prachauthit Road 10140 Bangmod, Bangkok Thailand
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Department of Tool and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering 126 Prachauthit Road 10140 Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nutthapon Wongyao
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Research and Engineering Center Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute 10140 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi School of Bioresources and Technology Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Graduate Programme Faculty of Science Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Road 10150 Tha Kham, Bangkok Thailand
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Kar S, Bramhaiah K, John NS, Bhattacharyya S. Insight into the Multistate Emissive N, P‐doped Carbon Nano‐Onions: Emerging Visible‐Light Absorption for Photocatalysis. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1138-1149. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Kar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
| | - Kommula Bramhaiah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
| | - Neena S. John
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences Prof. U. R. Road Jalahalli, Bangalore 560010 India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
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Hu J, Luo J, Zhang M, Wu J, Zhang Y, Kong H, Qu H, Cheng G, Zhao Y. Protective Effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis Carbonisata-Based Carbon Dots Against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2461-2475. [PMID: 33814910 PMCID: PMC8009542 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis carbonisata-based carbon dots (RSFC-CDs) on an ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer rat model. METHODS The structure, optical properties, functional groups and elemental composition of RSFC-CDs synthesized by one-step pyrolysis were characterized. The gastric protective effects of RSFC-CDs were evaluated and confirmed by applying a rat model of ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers. The underlying mechanisms were investigated through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway and oxidative stress. RESULTS RSFC-CDs with a diameter ranging from 2-3 nm mainly showed gastric protective effects by reducing the levels of NF-κB, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to inhibit ethanol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION RSFC-CDs have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, making them promising for application in ethanol-induced gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiashu Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, 276000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Song M, Liu C, Chen S, Zhang W. Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery for Melanoma Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041873. [PMID: 33668591 PMCID: PMC7918190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, as a tumor cell derived from melanocyte transformation, has the characteristics of malignant proliferation, high metastasis, rapid recurrence, and a low survival rate. Traditional therapy has many shortcomings, including drug side effects and poor patient compliance, and so on. Therefore, the development of an effective treatment is necessary. Currently, nanotechnologies are a promising oncology treatment strategy because of their ability to effectively deliver drugs and other bioactive molecules to targeted tissues with low toxicity, thereby improving the clinical efficacy of cancer therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of melanoma is reviewed and discussed. First, the pathogenesis and molecular targets of melanoma are elucidated, and the current clinical treatment strategies and deficiencies of melanoma are then introduced. Following this, we discuss the main features of developing efficient nanosystems and introduce the latest reports in the literature on nanoparticles for the treatment of melanoma. Subsequently, we review and discuss the application of nanoparticles in chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy, mRNA vaccines, and photothermal therapy, as well as the potential of nanotechnology in the early diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siyu Chen
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-(25)-8618-5645 (W.Z.)
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-(25)-8618-5645 (W.Z.)
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Xia Y, Xu F, Xiong M, Yang H, Lin W, Xie Y, Xi H, Xue Q, Ye T, Yu L. Repurposing of antipsychotic trifluoperazine for treating brain metastasis, lung metastasis and bone metastasis of melanoma by disrupting autophagy flux. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105295. [PMID: 33176207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have brought substantial benefits to patients with melanoma. However, brain metastases remain the biggest threat to the survival and quality of life of melanoma patients. One of the major challenges to an effective therapy is the inability of drugs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Anti-schizophrenic drugs can cross the BBB, and many of them have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. Repurposing existing drugs for new clinical indications is an alluring strategy for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we applied this strategy and screened a small collection of existing anti-schizophrenic drugs to use as anti-melanoma agents. Among them, trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (TFP) exhibited promising potencies for suppressing the growth and metastasis of melanoma, both in vitro and in vivo. TFP obviously suppressed the viability of melanoma cells within the micromolar range and inhibited the growth of melanoma in the subcutaneous mice models. Notably, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of TFP (40 mg/kg/day) obviously inhibited the growth of intra-carotid-injection established melanoma brain metastasis and extended the survival of brain metastasis-bearing mice. Moreover, TFP significantly suppressed lung metastasis and bone metastasis of melanoma in preclinical metastasis models. Mechanistically, TFP caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptosis of melanoma cells. In addition, TFP treatment increased the expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-II (LC3B-II) and p62 in vitro, suggesting an inhibition of autophagic flux. TFP decreased LysoTracker Red uptake after treatment, indicating impaired acidification of lysosomes. Moreover, the colocalization of LC3 with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a lysosome marker, was also suppressed after TFP treatment, suggesting that TFP might block the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, which led to autophagosome accumulation. Taken together, our data highlight the potential of repurposing TFP as a new adjuvant drug for treating melanoma patients with brain, lung, and bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuyan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiping Xiong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huizhi Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Luoting Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Morin Hydrate Sensitizes Hepatoma Cells and Xenograft Tumor towards Cisplatin by Downregulating PARP-1-HMGB1 Mediated Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218253. [PMID: 33158052 PMCID: PMC7885522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy influences anticancer drug sensitivity and cellular death in various cancer cell lines. However, the fundamental mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unidentified. We demonstrated anti-cancerous role of cisplatin (CP) and morin hydrate (Mh) as an individual and/or in combination (CP-Mh) in hepatoma cells and tumor model. Exposure of CP resulted in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular vacuolization, expansion of mitochondria membrane and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress. Consequently, Cyt c translocation led to the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which simultaneously triggered caspase-mediated cellular apoptosis. In addition, CP-induced PARP-1 activation led to ADP-ribosylation of HMGB1, which consequently developed autophagy as evident by the LC3I/II ratio. Chemically-induced inhibition of autophagy marked by increased cell death signified a protective role of autophagy against CP treatment. CP-Mh abrogates the PARP-1 expression and significantly reduced HMGB1-cytoplasmic translocation with subsequent inhibition of the HMGB1-Beclin1 complex formation. In the absence of PARP-1, a reduced HMGB1 mediated autophagy was observed followed by induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. To confirm the role of PARP-1-HMGB1 signaling in autophagy, we used the PARP-1 inhibitor, 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (ANI), HMGB1 inhibitor, ethyl pyruvate (EP), autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin (baf) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to target Atg5 in combination of CP and Mh. Exposure to these inhibitors enhanced the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to CP. Collectively, our findings indicate that CP-Mh in combination served as a prominent regulator of autophagy and significant inducer of apoptosis that maintains a homeostatic balance towards HepG2 cells and the subcutaneous tumor model.
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Tripathi KM, Ahn HT, Chung M, Le XA, Saini D, Bhati A, Sonkar SK, Kim MI, Kim T. N, S, and P-Co-doped Carbon Quantum Dots: Intrinsic Peroxidase Activity in a Wide pH Range and Its Antibacterial Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5527-5537. [PMID: 33320561 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes have drawn significant scientific interest due to their high practical importance in terms of overcoming the instability, complicated synthesis, and high cost of protein enzymes. However, their activity is generally limited to particular pHs, especially acidic ones. Herein, we report that luminescent N, S, and P-co-doped carbon quantum dots (NSP-CQDs) act as attractive peroxidase mimetics in a wide pH range, even at neutral pH, for the peroxidase substrate 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) in the presence of H2O2. The synergistic effects of multiple heteroatoms doping in CQDs boost the catalytic activity in a wide pH range attributed to the presence of high density of active sites for enzymatic-like catalysis and accelerated electron transfer during the peroxidase-like reactions. A possible reaction mechanism for the peroxidase-like activity of CQDs is investigated based on the radical trapping experiments. Moreover, the multifunctional activity of NSP-CQDs was further utilized for antibacterial assays for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive model species, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively. The growths of the employed E. coli and S. aureus were found to be significantly inhibited due to the peroxidase-mediated perturbation of cell walls. The present work signifies the current advance in the rational design of N, S, and P-co-doped CQDs as highly active peroxidase mimics for novel applications in diverse fields, including catalysis, medical diagnostics, environmental chemistry, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hee Tae Ahn
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Chung
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, South Korea
| | - Xuan Ai Le
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, South Korea
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Anshu Bhati
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, South Korea
| | - TaeYoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, South Korea
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