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Zhang BW, Huang T, Yang YF, Li MY, Shao GB. Lysine methyltransferase SETD7 in cancer: functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Mol Biol Rep 2025; 52:389. [PMID: 40232640 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-025-10494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
Since its discovery as a histone methyltransferase, SETD7 has been implicated in many signaling pathways and carcinogenesis. SETD7 catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 and non-histone proteins, regulating their translation, stability and activity. SETD7 is frequently abnormally expressed and has a significant influence on cell proliferation, invasion, autophagy and immune response. As cancer is a complex disease, an outstanding concept in cancer biology is the "hallmarks of cancer". In this review, we focus on the involvement of SETD7 in the hallmarks of cancer, describing its functions and underlying mechanisms in detail. Additionally, we discuss non-coding RNAs and chemical inhibitors targeting SETD7, highlighting the potential and importance of SETD7 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Gen-Bao Shao
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Present Address: Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China.
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2
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Yoshida S, Yoshida K. Regulatory mechanisms governing GLI proteins in hedgehog signaling. Anat Sci Int 2025; 100:143-154. [PMID: 39576500 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is critical for regulating cell growth, survival, fate determination, and the overall patterning of both vertebrate and invertebrate body plans. Aberrations in Hh signaling are associated with congenital abnormalities and tumorigenesis. In vertebrates, Hh signaling depends uniquely on primary cilia, microtubule-based organelles that extend from the cell surface. Over the last 2 decades, studies have demonstrated that key molecules regulating Hh signaling dynamically accumulate in primary cilia via intraflagellar transport systems. Moreover, through the primary cilia, extracellular signals are converted to stabilize GLI2 and GLI3 that are transcription factors that play a central role in regulating Hh signaling at the post-translational modification level. Recent in vivo and anatomical studies have uncovered crucial molecules that facilitate the conversion of extracellular signals into the intracellular stabilization of GLI2/GLI3 via primary cilia, emphasizing their essential roles in tissue development and tumorigenesis. This review explores the regulatory mechanisms of GLI2/GLI3 with a focus on mammalian tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Giaimo BD, Ferrante F, Borggrefe T. Lysine and arginine methylation of transcription factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 82:5. [PMID: 39680066 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are implicated in many biological processes including receptor activation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and protein turnover. Lysine's side chain is particularly notable, as it can undergo methylation, acetylation, SUMOylation and ubiquitination. Methylation affects not only lysine but also arginine residues, both of which are implicated in epigenetic regulation. Beyond histone-tails as substrates, dynamic methylation of transcription factors has been described. The focus of this review is on these non-histone substrates providing a detailed discussion of what is currently known about methylation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), P53, nuclear receptors (NRs) and RELA. The role of methylation in regulating protein stability and function by acting as docking sites for methyl-reader proteins and via their crosstalk with other PTMs is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Francesca Ferrante
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Masciale V, Banchelli F, Grisendi G, Samarelli AV, Raineri G, Rossi T, Zanoni M, Cortesi M, Bandini S, Ulivi P, Martinelli G, Stella F, Dominici M, Aramini B. The molecular features of lung cancer stem cells in dedifferentiation process-driven epigenetic alterations. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107994. [PMID: 39547513 PMCID: PMC11714729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be dedifferentiated somatic cells following oncogenic processes, representing a subpopulation of cells able to promote tumor growth with their capacities for proliferation and self-renewal, inducing lineage heterogeneity, which may be a main cause of resistance to therapies. It has been shown that the "less differentiated process" may have an impact on tumor plasticity, particularly when non-CSCs may dedifferentiate and become CSC-like. Bidirectional interconversion between CSCs and non-CSCs has been reported in other solid tumors, where the inflammatory stroma promotes cell reprogramming by enhancing Wnt signaling through nuclear factor kappa B activation in association with intracellular signaling, which may induce cells' pluripotency, the oncogenic transformation can be considered another important aspect in the acquisition of "new" development programs with oncogenic features. During cell reprogramming, mutations represent an initial step toward dedifferentiation, in which tumor cells switch from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage that is mainly manifested by re-entry into the cell cycle, acquisition of a stem cell-like phenotype, and expression of stem cell markers. This phenomenon typically shows up as a change in the form, function, and pattern of gene and protein expression, and more specifically, in CSCs. This review would highlight the main epigenetic alterations, major signaling pathways and driver mutations in which CSCs, in tumors and specifically, in lung cancer, could be involved, acting as key elements in the differentiation/dedifferentiation process. This would highlight the main molecular mechanisms which need to be considered for more tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Department of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Alma Mater Studiorum- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Raineri
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tania Rossi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.
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Shannar A, Sarwar MS, Dave PD, Chou PJ, Peter RM, Xu J, Pan Y, Rossi F, Kong AN. Cyproheptadine inhibits in vitro and in vivo lung metastasis and drives metabolic rewiring. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:1139. [PMID: 39522095 PMCID: PMC11551078 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-10033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 81% of lung cancer cases, among which over 47% presented with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Despite the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, enhancing the survival rate and overcoming the development of resistance remain a big challenge. Thus, it is crucial to find potential new therapeutics and targets that can mitigate lung metastasis and investigate its effects on biomarkers, such as cellular metabolomics. In the current study, we investigated the role of cyproheptadine (CPH), an FDA-approved anti-histamine drug in lung metastasis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS CPH showed potent cytotoxicity on different lung cancer cell lines in vitro. Moreover, CPH decreased invasion and migration of LLC1 and A549 cells in Matrigel invasion transwell and plate scratch assays. The in vivo LLC1 syngeneic lung cancer model found decreased number of metastatic nodules on the surface of lungs of Setd7 KO mice compared to SETD7 WT. CPH treatment resulted in decreased growth of LLC1 subcutaneous tumors compared to untreated SETD7 WT. Finally, metabolomic study of tumor tissues showed rewiring of metabolomic pathways and downregulation of amino acids, such as arginine, serine, and glycine) in Setd7 KO and WT treated with CPH compared to untreated Setd7 WT mice. CONCLUSION These findings identify CPH as a potential therapeutic agent to block metastasis in advanced NSCLC and suggest SETD7 as a potential target for the prevention of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Parv Dushyant Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - PoChung Jordan Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yuxin Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Yi X, Chen X, Li Z. miR-200c targeting GLI3 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39658. [PMID: 39312343 PMCID: PMC11419521 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor with low cure rate. It has an easy recurrence and metastasis. This study explored whether miR-200c could regulate the biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer cells through targeting GLI3. Luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to verify the interaction between miR-200c-3p and GLI3. miR-200c-3p and GLI3 were transiently overexpressed into A549 cells. The cell viability rate was detected by cell counting kit-8, cell invasion ability was detected with Transwell, cell apoptosis and cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of GLI3 was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, to verify the effect of the interaction between miR-200c-3p and GLI3 on the cell activities. miR-200c-3p overexpression could inhibit cell viability and invasion, promote apoptosis, induce G0/G1 arrest, and inhibit cell division. GLI3 overexpression could reverse the miR-200c-3p inhibition on cell cycle, reduce the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase and increase the number of cells in the S phase. miR-200c-3p overexpression in A549 cells could inhibit cell viability and invasion, and promote apoptosis. miR-200c-3p could target GLI3 to regulate cell cycle and inhibit cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Yi
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbin Li
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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Sun H, Zhang H. Lysine Methylation-Dependent Proteolysis by the Malignant Brain Tumor (MBT) Domain Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2248. [PMID: 38396925 PMCID: PMC10889763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a major post-translational protein modification that occurs in both histones and non-histone proteins. Emerging studies show that the methylated lysine residues in non-histone proteins provide a proteolytic signal for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The SET7 (SETD7) methyltransferase specifically transfers a methyl group from S-Adenosyl methionine to a specific lysine residue located in a methylation degron motif of a protein substrate to mark the methylated protein for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. LSD1 (Kdm1a) serves as a demethylase to dynamically remove the methyl group from the modified protein. The methylated lysine residue is specifically recognized by L3MBTL3, a methyl-lysine reader that contains the malignant brain tumor domain, to target the methylated proteins for proteolysis by the CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase complex. The methylated lysine residues are also recognized by PHF20L1 to protect the methylated proteins from proteolysis. The lysine methylation-mediated proteolysis regulates embryonic development, maintains pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and other stem cells such as neural stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, and controls other biological processes. Dysregulation of the lysine methylation-dependent proteolysis is associated with various diseases, including cancers. Characterization of lysine methylation should reveal novel insights into how development and related diseases are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, P.O. Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA;
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Guo P, Lim RC, Rajawasam K, Trinh T, Sun H, Zhang H. A methylation-phosphorylation switch controls EZH2 stability and hematopoiesis. eLife 2024; 13:e86168. [PMID: 38346162 PMCID: PMC10901513 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) methylates H3K27 to regulate development and cell fate by transcriptional silencing. Alteration of PRC2 is associated with various cancers. Here, we show that mouse Kdm1a deletion causes a dramatic reduction of PRC2 proteins, whereas mouse null mutation of L3mbtl3 or Dcaf5 results in PRC2 accumulation and increased H3K27 trimethylation. The catalytic subunit of PRC2, EZH2, is methylated at lysine 20 (K20), promoting EZH2 proteolysis by L3MBTL3 and the CLR4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase. KDM1A (LSD1) demethylates the methylated K20 to stabilize EZH2. K20 methylation is inhibited by AKT-mediated phosphorylation of serine 21 in EZH2. Mouse Ezh2K20R/K20R mutants develop hepatosplenomegaly associated with high GFI1B expression, and Ezh2K20R/K20R mutant bone marrows expand hematopoietic stem cells and downstream hematopoietic populations. Our studies reveal that EZH2 is regulated by methylation-dependent proteolysis, which is negatively controlled by AKT-mediated S21 phosphorylation to establish a methylation-phosphorylation switch to regulate the PRC2 activity and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Rebecca C Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Keshari Rajawasam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Tiffany Trinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States
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Li X, Owen LA, Taylor KD, Ostmo S, Chen YDI, Coyner AS, Sonmez K, Hartnett ME, Guo X, Ipp E, Roll K, Genter P, Chan RVP, DeAngelis MM, Chiang MF, Campbell JP, Rotter JI. Genome-wide association identifies novel ROP risk loci in a multiethnic cohort. Commun Biol 2024; 7:107. [PMID: 38233474 PMCID: PMC10794688 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a multiethnic cohort of 920 at-risk infants for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a major cause of childhood blindness, identifying 1 locus at genome-wide significance level (p < 5×10-8) and 9 with significance of p < 5×10-6 for ROP ≥ stage 3. The most significant locus, rs2058019, reached genome-wide significance within the full multiethnic cohort (p = 4.96×10-9); Hispanic and European Ancestry infants driving the association. The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) falls in an intronic region within the Glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) gene. Relevance for GLI3 and other top-associated genes to human ocular disease was substantiated through in-silico extension analyses, genetic risk score analysis and expression profiling in human donor eye tissues. Thus, we identify a novel locus at GLI3 with relevance to retinal biology, supporting genetic susceptibilities for ROP risk with possible variability by race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Leah A Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Susan Ostmo
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Aaron S Coyner
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kemal Sonmez
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Eli Ipp
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Roll
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Pauline Genter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - R V Paul Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Chiang
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Peter Campbell
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
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10
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Banaszek N, Kurpiewska D, Kozak K, Rutkowski P, Sobczuk P. Hedgehog pathway in sarcoma: from preclinical mechanism to clinical application. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17635-17649. [PMID: 37815662 PMCID: PMC10657326 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a diverse group of malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. They develop rarely, but due to poor prognosis, they are a challenging and significant clinical problem. Currently, available therapeutic options have very limited activity. A better understating of sarcomas' pathogenesis may help develop more effective therapies in the future. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is involved in both embryonic development and mature tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Shh pathway inhibitors are presently used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Its increased activity has been demonstrated in many sarcomas, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor. In vitro studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibitors of the Hedgehog pathway in inhibiting proliferation in those sarcomas in which the components of the pathway are overexpressed. These results were confirmed by in vivo studies, which additionally proved the influence of Shh pathway inhibitors on limiting the metastatic potential of sarcoma cells. However, until now, the efficacy of sarcomas treatment with Shh pathway inhibitors has not been established in clinical trials. The reason for that may be the non-canonical activation of the pathway or interactions with other signaling pathways, such as Wnt or Notch. In this review, we present the Shh signaling pathway's role in the pathogenesis of sarcomas, including both canonical and non-canonical signaling. We also propose how this knowledge could be potentially translated into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Banaszek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Kurpiewska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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12
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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13
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Burlibasa L, Nicu AT, Chifiriuc MC, Medar C, Petrescu A, Jinga V, Stoica I. H3 histone methylation landscape in male urogenital cancers: from molecular mechanisms to epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181764. [PMID: 37228649 PMCID: PMC10203431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, male urogenital cancers (including prostate, renal, bladder and testicular cancers) have become one of the most frequently encountered malignancies affecting all ages. While their great variety has promoted the development of various diagnosis, treatment and monitoring strategies, some aspects such as the common involvement of epigenetic mechanisms are still not elucidated. Epigenetic processes have come into the spotlight in the past years as important players in the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to a plethora of studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and even as therapeutic targets. Thus, fostering research on the various epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in cancer remains a priority for the scientific community. This review focuses on one of the main epigenetic mechanisms, namely, the methylation of the histone H3 at various sites and its involvement in male urogenital cancers. This histone modification presents a great interest due to its modulatory effect on gene expression, leading either to activation (e.g., H3K4me3, H3K36me3) or repression (e.g., H3K27me3, H3K9me3). In the last few years, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of enzymes that methylate/demethylate histone H3 in cancer and inflammatory diseases, that might contribute to the initiation and progression of such disorders. We highlight how these particular epigenetic modifications are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or targets for the treatment of urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Medar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amelia Petrescu
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Qiu Z, Lin Z, Hu A, Liu Y, Zeng W, Zhao X, Shi X, Luo J, Song B. GRAMD1/ASTER-mediated cholesterol transport promotes Smoothened cholesterylation at the endoplasmic reticulum. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111513. [PMID: 36524353 PMCID: PMC9890235 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in embryonic development. Hh binding to Patched1 (PTCH1) derepresses Smoothened (SMO), thereby activating the downstream signal transduction. Covalent SMO modification by cholesterol in its cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is essential for SMO function. SMO cholesterylation is a calcium-accelerated autoprocessing reaction, and STIM1-ORAI1-mediated store-operated calcium entry promotes cholesterylation and activation of endosome-localized SMO. However, it is unknown whether the Hh-PTCH1 interplay regulates the activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized SMO. Here, we found that PTCH1 inhibited the COPII-dependent export of SMO from the ER, whereas Hh promoted this process. The RRxWxR amino acid motif in the cytosolic tail of SMO was essential for COPII recognition, ciliary localization, and signal transduction activity. Hh and PTCH1 regulated cholesterol modification of the ER-localized SMO, and SMO cholesterylation accelerated its exit from ER. The GRAMD1/ASTER sterol transport proteins facilitated cholesterol transfer to ER from PM, resulting in increased SMO cholesterylation and enhanced Hh signaling. Collectively, we reveal a regulatory role of GRAMD-mediated cholesterol transport in ER-resident SMO maturation and Hh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Ping Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zi‐Cun Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuan‐Bin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wan‐Er Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiong‐Jie Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bao‐Liang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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15
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Cao L, Wang M, Xu K. [Research Progress of Role and Mechanism of SETD7 in Tumor Occurrence
and Progression]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2023; 26:38-45. [PMID: 36792079 PMCID: PMC9987127 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2023.106.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurence and development of tumors is a complicated process, which not only depends on the mutation or deletion of genes, but also is affected by epigenetic regulation. Accumulating evidences have shown that epigenetic modifications play fundamental roles in transcriptional regulation, heterochromatin formation, X chromosome inactivation, DNA damage response and tumor development. SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (SETD7) was initially identified as an important lysine methyltransferase, which methylated histone and non-histone proteins. These modifications play fundamental roles. Once this modification disorders, it can directly lead to cell abnormalities and cause many diseases. Studies have shown that SETD7 is related to the occurence and development of various tumors, but the methylation sites of SETD7 and its regulatory mechanism have not been fully elucidated. This article summarizes the research progress of the role of SETD7 on histone and non-histone methylation modification in tumors and the molecular mechanism, in order to provide new therapeutic targets for tumor pathogenesis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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16
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Wu J, Feng J, Zhang Q, He Y, Xu C, Wang C, Li W. Epigenetic regulation of stem cells in lung cancer oncogenesis and therapy resistance. Front Genet 2023; 14:1120815. [PMID: 37144123 PMCID: PMC10151750 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1120815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics plays an important role in regulating stem cell signaling, as well as in the oncogenesis of lung cancer and therapeutic resistance. Determining how to employ these regulatory mechanisms to treat cancer is an intriguing medical challenge. Lung cancer is caused by signals that cause aberrant differentiation of stem cells or progenitor cells. The different pathological subtypes of lung cancer are determined by the cells of origin. Additionally, emerging studies have demonstrated that the occurrence of cancer treatment resistance is connected to the hijacking of normal stem cell capability by lung cancer stem cells, especially in the processes of drug transport, DNA damage repair, and niche protection. In this review, we summarize the principles of the epigenetic regulation of stem cell signaling in relation to the emergence of lung cancer and resistance to therapy. Furthermore, several investigations have shown that the tumor immune microenvironment in lung cancer affects these regulatory pathways. And ongoing experiments on epigenetics-related therapeutic strategies provide new insight for the treatment of lung cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaming Feng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiran Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou He
- Department of oncology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Weimin Li, ; Chengdi Wang,
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Weimin Li, ; Chengdi Wang,
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17
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Monteiro FL, Stepanauskaite L, Williams C, Helguero LA. SETD7 Expression Is Associated with Breast Cancer Survival Outcomes for Specific Molecular Subtypes: A Systematic Analysis of Publicly Available Datasets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246029. [PMID: 36551516 PMCID: PMC9775934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SETD7 is a lysine N-methyltransferase that targets many proteins important in breast cancer (BC). However, its role and clinical significance remain unclear. Here, we used online tools and multiple public datasets to explore the predictive potential of SETD7 expression (high or low quartile) considering BC subtype, grade, stage, and therapy. We also investigated overrepresented biological processes associated with its expression using TCGA-BRCA data. SETD7 expression was highest in the Her2 (ERBB2)-enriched molecular subtype and lowest in the basal-like subtype. For the basal-like subtype specifically, higher SETD7 was consistently correlated with worse recurrence-free survival (p < 0.009). High SETD7-expressing tumours further exhibited a higher rate of ERBB2 mutation (20% vs. 5%) along with a poorer response to anti-Her2 therapy. Overall, high SETD7-expressing tumours showed higher stromal and lower immune scores. This was specifically related to higher counts of cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but lower B and T cell signatures, especially in the luminal A subtype. Genes significantly associated with SETD7 expression were accordingly overrepresented in immune response processes, with distinct subtype characteristics. We conclude that the prognostic value of SETD7 depends on the BC subtype and that SETD7 may be further explored as a potential treatment-predictive marker for immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Liliana Monteiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lina Stepanauskaite
- SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luisa A. Helguero
- SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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18
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El-Baz LM, Elaidy SM, Hafez HS, Shoukry NM. Vismodegib, a sonic hedgehog signalling blockade, ameliorates ovalbumin and ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation and asthma phenotypical models. Life Sci 2022; 310:121119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Multiprotein GLI Transcriptional Complexes as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121967. [PMID: 36556332 PMCID: PMC9786339 DOI: 10.3390/life12121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog signaling pathway functions in both embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Importantly, its aberrant activation is also implicated in the progression of multiple types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. GLI transcription factors function as the ultimate effectors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Their activity is regulated by this signaling cascade via their mRNA expression, protein stability, subcellular localization, and ultimately their transcriptional activity. Further, GLI proteins are also regulated by a variety of non-canonical mechanisms in addition to the canonical Hedgehog pathway. Recently, with an increased understanding of epigenetic gene regulation, novel transcriptional regulators have been identified that interact with GLI proteins in multi-protein complexes to regulate GLI transcriptional activity. Such complexes have added another layer of complexity to the regulation of GLI proteins. Here, we summarize recent work on the regulation of GLI transcriptional activity by these novel protein complexes and describe their relevance to cancer, as such GLI regulators represent alternative and innovative druggable targets in GLI-dependent cancers.
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20
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Guo P, Hoang N, Sanchez J, Zhang EH, Rajawasam K, Trinidad K, Sun H, Zhang H. The assembly of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes is regulated by lysine-methylation dependent proteolysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6696. [PMID: 36335117 PMCID: PMC9637158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes is developmentally programed, and loss/mutations of SWI/SNF subunits alter the levels of other components through proteolysis, causing cancers. Here, we show that mouse Lsd1/Kdm1a deletion causes dramatic dissolution of SWI/SNF complexes and that LSD1 demethylates the methylated lysine residues in SMARCC1 and SMARCC2 to preserve the structural integrity of SWI/SNF complexes. The methylated SMARCC1/SMARCC2 are targeted for proteolysis by L3MBTL3 and the CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase complex. We identify SMARCC1 as the critical target of LSD1 and L3MBTL3 to maintain the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. L3MBTL3 also regulates SMARCC1/SMARCC2 proteolysis induced by the loss of SWI/SNF subunits. Consistently, mouse L3mbtl3 deletion causes striking accumulation of SWI/SNF components, associated with embryonic lethality. Our studies reveal that the assembly/disassembly of SWI/SNF complexes is dynamically controlled by a lysine-methylation dependent proteolytic mechanism to maintain the integrity of the SWI/SNF complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Nam Hoang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Joseph Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Elaine H Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Keshari Rajawasam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Kristiana Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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21
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Jiang J. Hedgehog signaling mechanism and role in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:107-122. [PMID: 33836254 PMCID: PMC8492792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling pathways has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including cancer. One such pathway is the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which was originally discovered in Drosophila and later found to play a fundamental role in human development and diseases. Abnormal Hh pathway activation is a major driver of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and medulloblastoma. Hh exerts it biological influence through a largely conserved signal transduction pathway from the activation of the GPCR family transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) to the conversion of latent Zn-finger transcription factors Gli/Ci proteins from their repressor (GliR/CiR) to activator (GliA/CiA) forms. Studies from model organisms and human patients have provided deep insight into the Hh signal transduction mechanisms, revealed roles of Hh signaling in a wide range of human cancers, and suggested multiple strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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22
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Kong Z, Xu M, Zhang Y, Huang W, Zhao X, Luo J, Song BL. The cation-π interaction in cysteine-rich domain of Smoothened is critical for its cholesterylation and function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1171-1179. [PMID: 35904215 PMCID: PMC9828284 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is critical for embryonic development and tissue renewal. The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-like protein Smoothened (SMO) is the central signal transducer in the Hh pathway. Cholesterol binds and then covalently links to the D95 residue of cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of human SMO. The cholesterylation of CRD is critical for SMO activation. SMO cholesterylation is a Ca 2+-boosted autoreaction that requires the formation of an ester bond between the side chains of D95 and Y130 as an intermediate. It is unknown whether other residues of SMO are involved in the esterification between D95 and cholesterol. In this study, we find that the SMO-CRD(27-192) can undergo cholesterylation. In addition to D95 and Y130, the residues critical for cholesterol modification include Y85, T88, T90, W109, W119, K133, E160 and F166. T88, W109, W119 and F166 also seem to be involved in protein folding. Notably, we find that Y85 and K133 form a cation-π interaction whose disruption abolishes cholesterylation and ciliary localization of SMO. This study highlights the mechanism and function of cholesterol modification of SMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Kong
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesTaiKang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Min Xu
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesTaiKang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesTaiKang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Wenda Huang
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesTaiKang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesTaiKang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Jie Luo
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesTaiKang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesTaiKang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
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23
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Chiang C, Yang H, Zhu L, Chen C, Chen C, Zuo Y, Zheng D. The Epigenetic Regulation of Nonhistone Proteins by SETD7: New Targets in Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:918509. [PMID: 35812730 PMCID: PMC9256981 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.918509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are essential mechanism by which to ensure cell homeostasis. One such modification is lysine methylation of nonhistone proteins by SETD7, a mono-methyltransferase containing SET domains. SETD7 methylates over 30 proteins and is thus involved in various classical pathways. As such, SETD7 has been implicated in both the basic functions of normal tissues but also in several pathologies, such as cancers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of SETD7 substrates, especially transcriptional-related proteins and enzymes, and their putative roles upon SETD7-mediated methylation. We focus on the role of SETD7 in cancers, and speculate on the possible points of intervention and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Chiang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizhi Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - You Zuo
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: You Zuo, ; Duo Zheng,
| | - Duo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: You Zuo, ; Duo Zheng,
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A Systematic Review to Define the Multi-Faceted Role of Lysine Methyltransferase SETD7 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061414. [PMID: 35326563 PMCID: PMC8946661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone–lysine N-methyltransferase SETD7 regulates a variety of cancer-related processes, in a tissue-type and signalling context-dependent manner. To date, there is no consensus regarding SETD7´s biological functions, or potential for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. In this work, we summarised the literature on SETD7 expression and function in cancer, to identify the contexts where SETD7 expression and targeting can lead to improvements in cancer diagnosis and therapy. The most studied cancers were found to be lung and osteosarcoma followed by colorectal and breast cancers. SETD7 mRNA and/or protein expression in human cancer tissue was evaluated using public databases and/or in-house cohorts, but its prognostic significance remains inconclusive. The most studied cancer-related processes regulated by SETD7 were cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion with special relevance to the pRb/E2F-1 pathway. SETD7 consistently prevented epithelial to mesenchymal transition in different cancer types, and inhibition of its function appears to be associated with improved response to DNA-damaging agents in most of the analysed studies. Stabilising mutations in SETD7 target proteins prevent their methylation or promote other competing post-translational modifications that can override the SETD7 effect. This indicates that a clear discrimination of these mutations and competing signalling pathways must be considered in future functional studies.
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25
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Siyu P, Junxiang W, Qi W, Yimao Z, Shuguang J. The Role of GLI in the Regulation of Hepatic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Biliary Atresia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:861826. [PMID: 35692978 PMCID: PMC9178093 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.861826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the regulatory role of GLI1/GLI2, a nuclear transcription factor of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related to hepatic fibrosis in patients with biliary atresia (BA). METHODS The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of GLI1/GLI2, Snail/Slug, and other Shh- and EMT-related cytokines were tested in the liver tissues of BA patients and animals. Then, GLI1/GLI2 was silenced and overexpressed in mouse intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (mIBECs) and BA animals to investigate changes in the mRNA and protein expression of EMT key factors and liver fibrosis indicators. After silencing and overexpression of GLI1/GLI2, immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of cytokeratin-19 (CK19) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in mIBECs, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were used to observe the degree of liver fibrosis in the BA animals. RESULTS Compared with the control, the mRNA and protein expression levels of GLI2, Snail, vimentin, and α-SMA were significantly increased and those of E-cadherin were significantly decreased in liver tissue from BA patients and animals. Overexpression of GLI2 increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of Snail, vimentin, and α-SMA and that of E-cadherin was significantly decreased in mIBECs and BA animals. After GLI2 silencing, the opposite pattern was observed. Immunofluorescence detection showed enhanced expression of the bile duct epithelial cell marker CK19 in mIBECs after GLI2 silencing and enhanced expression of the mesenchymal cell marker α-SMA after GLI2 overexpression. HE and Masson staining suggested that the GLI2-overexpressing group had a significantly higher degree of fibrosis. CONCLUSION The Shh signaling pathway plays an important role in fibrogenesis in BA. GLI2 can significantly regulate EMT in mIBECs and livers of BA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Siyu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Junxiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Qi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Yimao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Shuguang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Gao L, Yu W, Song P, Li Q. Non-histone methylation of SET7/9 and its biological functions. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:231-243. [PMID: 34856916 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211202160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (su(var)-3-9,enhancer-of-zeste,trithorax) domain-containing protein 7/9 (SET7/9) is a member of the protein lysine methyltransferases (PLMTs or PKMTs) family. It contains a SET domain. Recent studies demonstrate that SET7/9 methylates both lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3-K4) and lysine(s) of non-histone proteins, including transcription factors, tumor suppressors, and membrane-associated receptors. OBJECTIVE This article mainly reviews the non-histone methylation effects of SET7/9 and its functions in tumorigenesis and development. METHODS PubMed was screened for this information. RESULTS SET7/9 plays a key regulatory role in various biological processes such as cell proliferation, transcription regulation, cell cycle, protein stability, cardiac morphogenesis, and development. In addition, SET7/9 is involved in the pathogenesis of hair loss, breast cancer progression, human carotid plaque atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION SET7/9 is an important methyltransferase, which can catalyze the methylation of a variety of proteins. Its substrates are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
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27
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Daks A, Shuvalov O, Fedorova O, Petukhov A, Lezina L, Zharova A, Baidyuk E, Khudiakov A, Barlev NA. p53-Independent Effects of Set7/9 Lysine Methyltransferase on Metabolism of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:706668. [PMID: 34692483 PMCID: PMC8528242 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Set7/9 is a lysine-specific methyltransferase, which regulates the functioning of both the histone and non-histone substrates, thereby significantly affecting the global gene expression landscape. Using microarray expression profiling, we have identified several key master regulators of metabolic networks, including c-Myc, that were affected by Set7/9 status. Consistent with this observation, c-Myc transcriptional targets-genes encoding the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase (HK2), aldolase (ALDOB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA)-were upregulated upon Set7/9 knockdown (Set7/9KD). Importantly, we showed the short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated attenuation of Set7/9 augmented c-Myc, GLUT1, HK2, ALDOA, and LDHA expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, not only at the transcriptional but also at the protein level. In line with this observation, Set7/9KD significantly augmented the membrane mitochondrial potential (MMP), glycolysis, respiration, and the proliferation rate of NSCLC cells. Importantly, all these effects of Set7/9 on cell metabolism were p53-independent. Bioinformatic analysis has shown a synergistic impact of Set7/9 together with either GLUT1, HIF1A, HK2, or LDHA on the survival of lung cancer patients. Based on these evidence, we hypothesize that Set7/9 can be an important regulator of energy metabolism in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larissa Lezina
- Regulation of Cell Signaling Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Arsenia Zharova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Baidyuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Khudiakov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.,Regulation of Cell Signaling Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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28
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Qiu ZP, Hu A, Song BL. The 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8), Delta(7)-isomerase EBP inhibits cholesterylation of Smoothened. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159041. [PMID: 34450268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a central role in vertebrate embryonic development and carcinogenesis. The G-protein coupled receptor-like protein Smoothened (SMO) is one of the major members in Hh pathway. Covalent modification of cholesterol on the 95th asparagine (D95) of human SMO, which is regulated by Hh and PTCH1, is critical for SMO activation. However, it is not known whether SMO cholesterylation is regulated by other proteins. In this study, we identified Emopamil binding protein (EBP, also known as 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase) as a SMO-interacting protein. Overexpression of EBP suppressed SMO cholesterylation and Hh pathway activity, whereas genetic disruption of EBP enhanced SMO cholesterylation and the downstream signaling. EBP-mediated inhibition of SMO cholesterylation was independent of its isomerase activity, but dependent on the C-terminus of EBP that was required for SMO binding. The X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctate 2 (CDPX2)-associated EBP mutants inhibited SMO cholesterylation too. Together, this study shows that EBP modulates SMO cholesterylation through direct binding and suggests a possible mechanism of CDPX2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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29
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Vann CG, Morton RW, Mobley CB, Vechetti IJ, Ferguson BK, Haun CT, Osburn SC, Sexton CL, Fox CD, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Oikawa SY, McGlory C, Young KC, McCarthy JJ, Phillips SM, Roberts MD. An intron variant of the GLI family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) gene differentiates resistance training-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy in younger men. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21587. [PMID: 33891350 PMCID: PMC8234740 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100113rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between genotype and resistance training-induced changes (12 wk) in dual x-ray energy absorptiometry (DXA)-derived lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) as well as muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA; vastus lateralis; n = 109; age = 22 ± 2 y, BMI = 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2 ). Over 315 000 genetic polymorphisms were interrogated from muscle using DNA microarrays. First, a targeted investigation was performed where single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified from a systematic literature review were related to changes in LSTM and fCSA. Next, genome-wide association (GWA) studies were performed to reveal associations between novel SNP targets with pre- to post-training change scores in mean fCSA and LSTM. Our targeted investigation revealed no genotype-by-time interactions for 12 common polymorphisms regarding the change in mean fCSA or change in LSTM. Our first GWA study indicated no SNP were associated with the change in LSTM. However, the second GWA study indicated two SNP exceeded the significance level with the change in mean fCSA (P = 6.9 × 10-7 for rs4675569, 1.7 × 10-6 for rs10263647). While the former target is not annotated (chr2:205936846 (GRCh38.p12)), the latter target (chr7:41971865 (GRCh38.p12)) is an intron variant of the GLI Family Zinc Finger 3 (GLI3) gene. Follow-up analyses indicated fCSA increases were greater in the T/C and C/C GLI3 genotypes than the T/T GLI3 genotype (P < .05). Data from the Auburn cohort also revealed participants with the T/C and C/C genotypes exhibited increases in satellite cell number with training (P < .05), whereas T/T participants did not. Additionally, those with the T/C and C/C genotypes achieved myonuclear addition in response to training (P < .05), whereas the T/T participants did not. In summary, this is the first GWA study to examine how polymorphisms associate with the change in hypertrophy measures following resistance training. Future studies are needed to determine if the GLI3 variant differentiates hypertrophic responses to resistance training given the potential link between this gene and satellite cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Vann
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher B Mobley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Casey L Sexton
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Carlton D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Y Oikawa
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
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30
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Zheng S, Huang W, Liu C, Xiao J, Wu R, Wang X, Cai Z, Wu K. Behavioral change and transcriptomics reveal the effects of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether exposure on neurodevelopmental toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) in early life stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141783. [PMID: 32890828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of widely used flame retardants, and their residue in the environment may threaten the ecosystem and human health. The neurodevelopmental toxic effects of PBDEs have been verified in previous studies, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Behavioral analysis and transcriptomics were performed in this study to assess the neurodevelopmental toxic effects of PBDEs on zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the potential mechanisms. The embryos were collected after fertilization and exposed to control (0.05% DMSO), 10, 50, 100 (ug/L) 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) for 7 days. The locomotion parameters of larvae were recorded and analyzed by a behavioral analysis system (EthoVision XT, Noldus). Enrichment of functions and signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by GO and DAVID database. The comparison with the control group showed adverse developments such as low hatching rate, high mortality rate, alterative heart rate, and abnormal spontaneous tail coiling frequency of embryos (24hpf). For the zebrafish larvae, behavioral analyses results suggested decreased activities and movements of the treatment in the light-dark period at 120, 144 and 168hpf, especially the 50 and 100μg/L groups. The affected functions included steroid hormone regulation, neuro regulation, circadian regulation, cardioblast differentiation, immune-related regulation. The enrichment of KEGG pathways were Hedgehog signaling (Shh), Toll-like receptor signaling, FoxO signaling, and Steroid biosynthesis pathway. Hedgehog signaling pathway was further verified via RT-qPCR for its major role in the development of neurogenesis. The mRNA levels of Shh pathway indicated the inhibition of Shh signal in our study since shha, patched1, gli1 and gli2 genes were significantly down-regulated. In summary, PBDEs might influence the neurodevelopment of zebrafish in the early life stage by multiple toxic signaling pathways alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiefeng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruotong Wu
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zemin Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Meng F, Zhou Y, Dong B, Dong A, Zhang J. Long non-coding RNA LINC01194 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting miR-641/SETD7 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:588. [PMID: 33372601 PMCID: PMC7722326 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is increasingly evidenced that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in various diseases. LncRNA LINC01194 acts as an oncogene in several cancer types. Nevertheless, the role of LINC01194 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not yet been revealed. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of LINC01194, miR-641 and SETD7 mRNA, while western blot was exploited to examine SETD7 protein level. Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation and EdU assays. Transwell assays detected cell migration and invasion. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect cell apoptosis. RIP, RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays detected the binding among LINC01194, miR-641 and SETD7. Results LINC01194 was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of LINC01194 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased apoptosis. Mechanistic experiments unveiled that LINC01194 augmented SETD7 expression in LUAD cells by competitively interacting with miR-641. Rescue experiments showed that miR-641 inhibition and SETD7 overexpression rescued the repressing impacts on LUAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion caused by LINC01194 knockdown. Conclusion LINC01194 promotes the progression of LUAD by enhancing miR-641-targeted SETD7. The LINC01194/miR-641/SETD7 axis might provide new molecular targets for treating LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmei Meng
- Outpatient Department, Dongying District People's Hospital, 333 Jinan Road, Dongying, 257085, Shandong, China
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongying District People's Hospital, 333 Jinan Road, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Baohua Dong
- Internal Medicine-Neurology, Dongying District People's Hospital, 333 Jinan Road, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Aiqin Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongying District People's Hospital, 333 Jinan Road, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongying District People's Hospital, 333 Jinan Road, Dongying, Shandong, China.
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32
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Yu R, Wu H, Ismail H, Du S, Cao J, Wang J, Ward T, Yang F, Gui P, Ali M, Chu L, Mo F, Wang Q, Chu Y, Zang J, Zhao Y, Ye M, Fang G, Chen PR, Dou Z, Gao X, Wang W, Liu X, Yao X. Methylation of PLK1 by SET7/9 ensures accurate kinetochore-microtubule dynamics. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:462-476. [PMID: 31863092 PMCID: PMC7333475 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful segregation of mitotic chromosomes requires bi-orientation of sister chromatids, which relies on the sensing of correct attachments between spindle microtubules and kinetochores. Although the mechanisms underlying PLK1 activation have been extensively studied, the regulatory mechanisms that couple PLK1 activity to accurate chromosome segregation are not well understood. In particular, PLK1 is implicated in stabilizing kinetochore-microtubule attachments, but how kinetochore PLK1 activity is regulated to avoid hyperstabilized kinetochore-microtubules in mitosis remains elusive. Here, we show that kinetochore PLK1 kinase activity is modulated by SET7/9 via lysine methylation during early mitosis. The SET7/9-elicited dimethylation occurs at the Lys191 of PLK1, which tunes down its activity by limiting ATP utilization. Overexpression of the non-methylatable PLK1 mutant or chemical inhibition of SET7/9 methyltransferase activity resulted in mitotic arrest due to destabilized kinetochore-microtubule attachments. These data suggest that kinetochore PLK1 is essential for stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments and methylation by SET7/9 promotes dynamic kinetochore-microtubule attachments for accurate error correction. Our findings define a novel homeostatic regulation at the kinetochore that integrates protein phosphorylation and methylation with accurate chromosome segregation for maintenance of genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoying Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Huihui Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Hazrat Ismail
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- BUCM-MSM-USTC Joint Program on Global Health Equity, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shihao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- BUCM-MSM-USTC Joint Program on Global Health Equity, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tarsha Ward
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- BUCM-MSM-USTC Joint Program on Global Health Equity, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fengrui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- BUCM-MSM-USTC Joint Program on Global Health Equity, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Gui
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- BUCM-MSM-USTC Joint Program on Global Health Equity, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Mahboob Ali
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- BUCM-MSM-USTC Joint Program on Global Health Equity, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingluo Chu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fei Mo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Dalian Institute for Physical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Youjun Chu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Jianye Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Dalian Institute for Physical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guowei Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xinjiao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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33
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Ying L, Fei X, Jialun L, Jianpeng X, Jie W, Zhaolin M, Hongjia F, Huan F, Sha L, Qiuju W, Lin Y, Cuicui L, You P, Weiwei Z, Lulu W, Jiemin W, Jing L, Jing F. SETDB2 promoted breast cancer stem cell maintenance by interaction with and stabilization of ΔNp63α protein. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2180-2191. [PMID: 32549764 PMCID: PMC7294945 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.43611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB2 is involved in cell cycle dysregulation in acute leukemia and has oncogenic roles in gastric cancer. In our study, we found that SETDB2 plays essential roles in breast cancer stem cell maintenance. Depleted SETDB2 significantly decreased the breast cancer stem cell population and mammosphere formation in vitro and also inhibited breast tumor initiation and growth in vivo. Restoring SETDB2 expression rescued the defect in breast cancer stem cell maintenance. A mechanistic analysis showed that SETDB2 upregulated the transcription of the ΔNp63α downstream Hedgehog pathway gene. SETDB2 also interacted with and methylated ΔNp63α, and stabilized ΔNp63α protein. Restoring ΔNp63α expression rescued the breast cancer stem cell maintenance defect which mediated by SETDB2 knockdown. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel function of SETDB2 in cancer stem cell maintenance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ying
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Xie Fei
- Department of clinical laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 29 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Li Jialun
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao Jianpeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wang Jie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Zhaolin
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Fan Hongjia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Huan
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Li Sha
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wu Qiuju
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Liu Cuicui
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Peng You
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Zhao Weiwei
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wang Lulu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wong Jiemin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Feng Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
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34
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Matissek SJ, Elsawa SF. GLI3: a mediator of genetic diseases, development and cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:54. [PMID: 32245491 PMCID: PMC7119169 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GLI3 is a member of the Hedgehog (Hh/HH) signaling pathway that can exist as a full length (Gli3-FL/GLI3-FL) or repressor (Gli3-R/GLI3-R) form. In response to HH activation, GLI3-FL regulates HH genes by targeting the GLI1 promoter. In the absence of HH signaling, GLI3 is phosphorylated leading to its partial degradation and the generation of GLI3-R which represses HH functions. GLI3 is also involved in tissue development, immune cell development and cancer. The absence of Gli3 in mice impaired brain and lung development and GLI3 mutations in humans are the cause of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (GCPS) and Pallister Hall syndromes (PHS). In the immune system GLI3 regulates B, T and NK-cells and may be involved in LPS-TLR4 signaling. In addition, GLI3 was found to be upregulated in multiple cancers and was found to positively regulate cancerous behavior such as anchorage-independent growth, angiogenesis, proliferation and migration with the exception in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and medulloblastoma where GLI plays an anti-cancerous role. Finally, GLI3 is a target of microRNA. Here, we will review the biological significance of GLI3 and discuss gaps in our understanding of this molecule. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Matissek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd Rudman 291, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Sherine F. Elsawa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd Rudman 291, Durham, NH 03824 USA
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35
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Si W, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Cui L. SET7/9 promotes multiple malignant processes in breast cancer development via RUNX2 activation and is negatively regulated by TRIM21. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:151. [PMID: 32102992 PMCID: PMC7044199 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the deregulation of lysine methyltransferase (su(var)-3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax) domain-containing protein 7/9 (SET7/9) has been identified in a variety of cancers, the potential role of SET7/9 and the molecular events in which it is involved in breast cancer remain obscure. Using the online Human Protein Atlas and GEO databases, the expression of SET7/9 was analyzed. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanisms using chromatin immunoprecipitation-based deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) and quantitative ChIP assays. To explore the physiological role of SET7/9, functional analyses such as CCK-8, colony formation, and transwell assays were performed and a xenograft tumor model was generated with the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, and ubiquitination assays were used to explore the mechanisms of SET7/9 function in breast cancer. We evaluated the expression of SET7/9 in different breast cancer cohorts and found that higher expression indicated worse survival times in these public databases. We demonstrated positive effects of SET7/9 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the activation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). We demonstrate that tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) physically associates with SET7/9 and functions as a major negative regulator upstream of SET7/9 through a proteasome-dependent mechanism and increased ubiquitination. Taken together, our data suggest that SET7/9 has a promoting role via the regulation of RUNX2, whereas TRIM21-mediated SET7/9 degradation acts as an anti-braking system in the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Si
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jiansuo Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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36
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Zhang SL, Du X, Tan LN, Deng FH, Zhou BY, Zhou HJ, Zhu HY, Chu Y, Liu DL, Tan YY. SET7 interacts with HDAC6 and suppresses the development of colon cancer through inactivation of HDAC6. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:602-611. [PMID: 32194908 PMCID: PMC7061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SET7 is the first lysine methyltransferase and plays vital roles in tumorigenesis. This study aims to seek clinical value of SET7 in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, along with its biological impact on cell proliferation and migration. In patients with CRC, the expression of SET7 in cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissue, and down-regulated SET7 was closely correlated with poor prognosis. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies indicated that SET7 inhibited cell proliferation and migration by acting on HDAC6 substrate in colon cancer cells. Besides, the co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that SET7 and HDAC6 can interact reciprocally. The interaction effect between SET7 and HDAC6 could significantly reduce cell viability, scratch healing rate, and migrated cells in colon cancer cells. Instead of acting on each endogenous expression, the results demonstrated that the level of acetylated α-tubulin was greatly decreased in HDAC6 overexpression group, while significantly increased in SET7 overexpressed group. However, changes were partly restored in both SET7 and HDAC6-transfected group. On the contrary, the expression of acetylated α-tubulin protein was significantly increased in HDAC6 knockdown group, but higher in both HDAC6 and SET7 silencing group. These results indicated that SET7 played a role in tumor suppression via increasing levels of acetylated-α-tubulin mediated by HDAC6. In addition, the interaction effect significantly decreased the ratios of p-ERK/ERK, which indicated that it may partly suppress ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, SET7 is a promising therapeutic target for preventing metastasis and improving prognosis in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Na Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Hong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Yi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - He-Jun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, P.R. China
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37
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Mahesh A, Khan MIK, Govindaraju G, Verma M, Awasthi S, Chavali PL, Chavali S, Rajavelu A, Dhayalan A. SET7/9 interacts and methylates the ribosomal protein, eL42 and regulates protein synthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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PKAc-directed interaction and phosphorylation of Ptc is required for Hh signaling inhibition in Drosophila. Cell Discov 2019; 5:44. [PMID: 31636957 PMCID: PMC6796939 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ptc is a gatekeeper to avoid abnormal Hh signaling activation, but the key regulators involved in Ptc-mediated inhibition remain largely unknown. Here, we identify PKAc as a key regulator required for Ptc inhibitory function. In the absence of Hh, PKAc physically interacts with Ptc and phosphorylates Ptc at Ser-1150 and -1183 residues. The presence of Hh unleashes PKAc from Ptc and activates Hh signaling. By combining both in vitro and in vivo functional assays, we demonstrate that such Ptc–PKAc interaction and Ptc phosphorylation are both important for Ptc inhibitory function. Interestingly, we further demonstrate that PKAc is subjected to palmitoylation, contributing to its kinase activity on plasma membrane. Based on those novel findings, we establish a working model on Ptc inhibitory function: In the absence of Hh, PKAc interacts with and phosphorylates Ptc to ensure its inhibitory function; and Hh presence releases PKAc from Ptc, resulting in Hh signaling activation.
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39
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Levy D. Lysine methylation signaling of non-histone proteins in the nucleus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2873-2883. [PMID: 31123776 PMCID: PMC11105312 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysine methylation, catalyzed by protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs), is a central post-translational modification regulating many signaling pathways. It has direct and indirect effects on chromatin structure and transcription. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of PKMT activity has a fundamental impact on the development of many pathologies. While most of these works involve in-depth analysis of methylation events in the context of histones, in recent years, it has become evident that methylation of non-histone proteins also plays a pivotal role in cell processes. This review highlights the importance of non-histone methylation, with focus on methylation events taking place in the nucleus. Known experimental platforms which were developed to identify new methylation events, as well as examples of specific lysine methylation signaling events which regulate key transcription factors, are presented. In addition, the role of these methylation events in normal and disease states is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Levy
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beersheba, Israel.
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beersheba, Israel.
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40
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Wang XZ, Zhang HH, Qian YL, Tang LF. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and CC chemokine ligand 2 signaling pathways in asthma. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:343-350. [PMID: 31058710 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells are involved, including mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and so on. During the process, many chemokines and mediators are released to engage in recruiting and activating eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. Also, some signaling pathways are involved in the pathobiology of asthma. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is one of the members of hedgehog gene families. Shh signaling plays a critical role in the embryonic development, including the lung. Previous findings from our team reveal that Shh is involved in the asthma pathogenesis. Recombinant Shh could induce the CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) overexpressing and Smo inhibitor GDC-O449 could inhibit CCL2 expression in airway epithelial cells, monocytes, or macrophages. Hence, we reviewed the effects of Shh and CCL2 signaling pathways, and the interaction between signaling pathways in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Ling Qian
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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41
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Gli Proteins: Regulation in Development and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020147. [PMID: 30754706 PMCID: PMC6406693 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gli proteins are transcriptional effectors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. They play key roles in the development of many organs and tissues, and are deregulated in birth defects and cancer. We review the molecular mechanisms of Gli protein regulation in mammals, with special emphasis on posttranslational modifications and intracellular transport. We also discuss how Gli proteins interact with co-activators and co-repressors to fine-tune the expression of Hedgehog target genes. Finally, we provide an overview of the regulation of developmental processes and tissue regeneration by Gli proteins and discuss how these proteins are involved in cancer progression, both through canonical regulation via the Hedgehog pathway and through cross-talk with other signaling pathways.
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42
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Zhang C, Leng F, Saxena L, Hoang N, Yu J, Alejo S, Lee L, Qi D, Lu F, Sun H, Zhang H. Proteolysis of methylated SOX2 protein is regulated by L3MBTL3 and CRL4 DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:476-489. [PMID: 30442713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a dose-dependent master stem cell protein that controls the self-renewal and pluripotency or multipotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells and many adult stem cells. We have previously found that SOX2 protein is monomethylated at lysine residues 42 and 117 by SET7 methyltransferase to promote SOX2 proteolysis, whereas LSD1 and PHF20L1 act on both methylated Lys-42 and Lys-117 to prevent SOX2 proteolysis. However, the mechanism by which the methylated SOX2 protein is degraded remains unclear. Here, we report that L3MBTL3, a protein with the malignant-brain-tumor (MBT) methylation-binding domain, is required for SOX2 proteolysis. Our studies showed that L3MBTL3 preferentially binds to the methylated Lys-42 in SOX2, although mutation of Lys-117 also partially reduces the interaction between SOX2 and L3MBTL3. The direct binding of L3MBTL3 to the methylated SOX2 protein leads to the recruitment of the CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin E3 ligase to target SOX2 protein for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Whereas loss of either LSD1 or PHF20L1 destabilizes SOX2 protein and impairs the self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse ES cells, knockdown of L3MBTL3 or DCAF5 is sufficient to restore the protein levels of SOX2 and rescue the defects of mouse ES cells caused by LSD1 or PHF20L1 deficiency. We also found that retinoic acid-induced differentiation of mouse ES cells is accompanied by the enhanced degradation of the methylated SOX2 protein at both Lys-42 and Lys-117. Our studies provide novel insights into the mechanism by which the methylation-dependent degradation of SOX2 protein is controlled by the L3MBTL3-CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Zhang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and.,the School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Leng
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Lovely Saxena
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Nam Hoang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Jiekai Yu
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Salvador Alejo
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Logan Lee
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Dandan Qi
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Fei Lu
- the School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Sun
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
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Sabol M, Trnski D, Musani V, Ozretić P, Levanat S. Role of GLI Transcription Factors in Pathogenesis and Their Potential as New Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:2562. [PMID: 30158435 PMCID: PMC6163343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GLI transcription factors have important roles in intracellular signaling cascade, acting as the main mediators of the HH-GLI signaling pathway. This is one of the major developmental pathways, regulated both canonically and non-canonically. Deregulation of the pathway during development leads to a number of developmental malformations, depending on the deregulated pathway component. The HH-GLI pathway is mostly inactive in the adult organism but retains its function in stem cells. Aberrant activation in adult cells leads to carcinogenesis through overactivation of several tightly regulated cellular processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT. Targeting GLI transcription factors has recently become a major focus of potential therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Diana Trnski
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Musani
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sonja Levanat
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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44
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Hedgehog signalling in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and its potential value in the clinical therapy of osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:701. [PMID: 29899399 PMCID: PMC5999604 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is involved in cell differentiation, growth and tissue polarity. This pathway is also involved in the progression and invasion of various human cancers. Osteosarcoma, a subtype of bone cancer, is commonly seen in children and adolescents. Typically, pulmonary osteosarcoma metastases are especially difficult to control. In the present paper, we summarise recent studies on the regulation of osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by downregulating Hh signalling. We also summarise the crosstalk between the Hh pathway and other cancer-related pathways in the tumourigenesis of various cancers. We further summarise and highlight the therapeutic value of potential inhibitors of Hh signalling in the clinical therapy of human cancers.
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45
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Methylated DNMT1 and E2F1 are targeted for proteolysis by L3MBTL3 and CRL4 DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1641. [PMID: 29691401 PMCID: PMC5915600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many non-histone proteins are lysine methylated and a novel function of this modification is to trigger the proteolysis of methylated proteins. Here, we report that the methylated lysine 142 of DNMT1, a major DNA methyltransferase that preserves epigenetic inheritance of DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication, is demethylated by LSD1. A novel methyl-binding protein, L3MBTL3, binds the K142-methylated DNMT1 and recruits a novel CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase to degrade DNMT1. Both LSD1 and PHF20L1 act primarily in S phase to prevent DNMT1 degradation by L3MBTL3-CRL4DCAF5. Mouse L3MBTL3/MBT-1 deletion causes accumulation of DNMT1 protein, increased genomic DNA methylation, and late embryonic lethality. DNMT1 contains a consensus methylation motif shared by many non-histone proteins including E2F1, a key transcription factor for S phase. We show that the methylation-dependent E2F1 degradation is also controlled by L3MBTL3-CRL4DCAF5. Our studies elucidate for the first time a novel mechanism by which the stability of many methylated non-histone proteins are regulated.
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46
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Guo Y, Shi G, Wan H, Zhou M. Hedgehog signaling regulates the expression levels of inflammatory mediators in cigarette‑induced airway inflammation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8557-8563. [PMID: 29658573 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a persistent airway inflammation influenced by cigarette smoke. Previous studies have reported that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is aberrantly activated by cigarette smoke and dysregulated in COPD. The present study explored the role of the Hh signaling pathway on the expression levels of certain inflammatory mediators in cigarette‑induced airway inflammation. Herein, a total of three A549 cell populations were generated: The A0 group as control cells, the A1 group cells treated with nicotine at a concentration of 10 µM for 12, 24 and 48 h, and the A2 group cultured simultaneously with nicotine and cyclopamine for the same duration. The total concentrations of the inflammatory mediators interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), IL‑8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, and an anti‑inflammatory cytokine, IL‑10, were assessed in all of the cells by ELISA and western blotting. The protein levels of sonic hedgehog (Shh), glioma‑associated oncoprotein 1 (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in nicotine‑induced Hh signaling were also detected. The results indicated that A549 had increased levels of IL‑6, IL‑8 and TNF‑α when cultured with nicotine when compared with the control cells. By contrast, the expression levels of these inflammatory mediators decreased with varying degrees when treated with cyclopamine that blocked the Hh signaling pathway. The IL‑10 expression levels exhibited the reverse. The expressions of the Shh, Gli1 and Smo proteins were higher in the A1 group when compared with the control and decreased with cyclpoamine treatment. In conclusion, the Hh signaling pathway may partly have an impact on cigarette‑induced airway inflammation via the regulation of inflammatory mediators. Thus, blocking Hh signaling and diminishing the airway inflammation reaction may serve as a potential therapy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Huanying Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Yang H, Yan L, Sun K, Sun X, Zhang X, Cai K, Song T. lncRNA BCAR4 Increases Viability, Invasion, and Migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting Glioma-Associated Oncogene 2 ( GLI2). Oncol Res 2018; 27:359-369. [PMID: 29615150 PMCID: PMC7848411 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15220594629967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA BCAR4 on the viability and aggressiveness of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of BCAR4 and GLI2 downstream genes in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification (CHIRP) and Western blot were employed to measure the expression of the GLI2 downstream proteins. Ki-67 expression in nude mice tumors was tested by immunohistochemistry. MTT assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay were used to assess NSCLC cell viability and aggressiveness, respectively. Tumor xenograft was conducted to determine the effects of BCAR4 and GLI2 on NSCLC tumorigenesis in vivo. The expression of BCAR4 in NSCLC tissues and cells was significantly higher than the normal level. The overexpression of BCAR4 promoted NSCLC cell viability, migration, and invasion. The suppression of BCAR4 and GLI2 showed the opposite effects. The overexpression of BCAR4 led to an increase in the expression of GLI2 downstream proteins, while the suppression of BCAR4 and GLI2 reduced their expression. In a tumor xenograft assay, the tumors in mice of the BCAR4 group showed the biggest volume, while those in mice of the si-GLI2 group showed the smallest volume. Ki-67 showed much higher levels in the BCAR4 overexpression group but much lower levels in the si-GLI2 group. In summary, the cooperative mechanism of lncRNA BCAR4 and GLI2 might provide a new opportunity for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Kerui Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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48
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Ding H, Lu WC, Hu JC, Liu YC, Zhang CH, Lian FL, Zhang NX, Meng FW, Luo C, Chen KX. Identification and Characterizations of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Scaffold Hopping- and 2D-Molecular Fingerprint-Based Similarity Search. Molecules 2018; 23:567. [PMID: 29498708 PMCID: PMC6017732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SET7, serving as the only histone methyltransferase that monomethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, has been proved to function as a key regulator in diverse biological processes, such as cell proliferation, transcriptional network regulation in embryonic stem cell, cell cycle control, protein stability, heart morphogenesis and development. What's more, SET7 is involved inthe pathogenesis of alopecia aerate, breast cancer, tumor and cancer progression, atherosclerosis in human carotid plaques, chronic renal diseases, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop novel SET7 inhibitors. In this paper, based on DC-S239 which has been previously reported in our group, we employed scaffold hopping- and 2D fingerprint-based similarity searches and identified DC-S285 as the new hit compound targeting SET7 (IC50 = 9.3 μM). Both radioactive tracing and NMR experiments validated the interactions between DC-S285 and SET7 followed by the second-round similarity search leading to the identification ofDC-S303 with the IC50 value of 1.1 μM. In cellular level, DC-S285 retarded tumor cell proliferation and showed selectivity against MCF7 (IC50 = 21.4 μM), Jurkat (IC50 = 2.2 μM), THP1 (IC50 = 3.5 μM), U937 (IC50 = 3.9 μM) cell lines. Docking calculations suggested that DC-S303 share similar binding mode with the parent compoundDC-S239. What's more, it presented good selectivity against other epigenetic targets, including SETD1B, SETD8, G9a, SMYD2 and EZH2. DC-S303 can serve as a drug-like scaffold which may need further optimization for drug development, and can be used as chemical probe to help the community to better understand the SET7 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen Chao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jun Chi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Hua Zhang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fu Lin Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Nai Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fan Wang Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Cheng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kai Xian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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49
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Hong X, Huang H, Qiu X, Ding Z, Feng X, Zhu Y, Zhuo H, Hou J, Zhao J, Cai W, Sha R, Hong X, Li Y, Song H, Zhang Z. Targeting posttranslational modifications of RIOK1 inhibits the progression of colorectal and gastric cancers. eLife 2018; 7:e29511. [PMID: 29384474 PMCID: PMC5815853 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RIOK1 has recently been shown to play important roles in cancers, but its posttranslational regulation is largely unknown. Here we report that RIOK1 is methylated at K411 by SETD7 methyltransferase and that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) reverses its methylation. The mutated RIOK1 (K411R) that cannot be methylated exhibits a longer half-life than does the methylated RIOK1. FBXO6 specifically interacts with K411-methylated RIOK1 through its FBA domain to induce RIOK1 ubiquitination. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates RIOK1 at T410, which stabilizes RIOK1 by antagonizing K411 methylation and impeding the recruitment of FBXO6 to RIOK1. Functional experiments demonstrate the RIOK1 methylation reduces the tumor growth and metastasis in mice model. Importantly, the protein levels of CK2 and LSD1 show an inverse correlation with FBXO6 and SETD7 expression in human colorectal cancer tissues. Together, this study highlights the importance of a RIOK1 methylation-phosphorylation switch in determining colorectal and gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Hong
- Longju Medical Research CenterKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical CollegeZunyiChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyXiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Digestive Cancer LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Zhijie Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New JerseyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUnited States
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Huiqin Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Jiabao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Wangyu Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Ruihua Sha
- Department of Digestive DiseaseHongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiangChina
| | - Xinya Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging and UltrasoundZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Hongjiang Song
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Longju Medical Research CenterKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical CollegeZunyiChina
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Wood-Johnson Medical School University HospitalRutgers University, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickUnited States
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50
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Zhang C, Hoang N, Leng F, Saxena L, Lee L, Alejo S, Qi D, Khal A, Sun H, Lu F, Zhang H. LSD1 demethylase and the methyl-binding protein PHF20L1 prevent SET7 methyltransferase-dependent proteolysis of the stem-cell protein SOX2. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3663-3674. [PMID: 29358331 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency-controlling stem-cell protein SRY-box 2 (SOX2) plays a pivotal role in maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and also of teratocarcinoma or embryonic carcinoma cells. SOX2 is monomethylated at lysine 119 (Lys-119) in mouse embryonic stem cells by the SET7 methyltransferase, and this methylation triggers ubiquitin-dependent SOX2 proteolysis. However, the molecular regulators and mechanisms controlling SET7-induced SOX2 proteolysis are unknown. Here, we report that in human ovarian teratocarcinoma PA-1 cells, methylation-dependent SOX2 proteolysis is dynamically regulated by the LSD1 lysine demethylase and a methyl-binding protein, PHD finger protein 20-like 1 (PHF20L1). We found that LSD1 not only removes the methyl group from monomethylated Lys-117 (equivalent to Lys-119 in mouse SOX2), but it also demethylates monomethylated Lys-42 in SOX2, a reaction that SET7 also regulated and that also triggered SOX2 proteolysis. Our studies further revealed that PHF20L1 binds both monomethylated Lys-42 and Lys-117 in SOX2 and thereby prevents SOX2 proteolysis. Down-regulation of either LSD1 or PHF20L1 promoted SOX2 proteolysis, which was prevented by SET7 inactivation in both PA-1 and mouse embryonic stem cells. Our studies also disclosed that LSD1 and PHF20L1 normally regulate the growth of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells and PA-1 cells by preventing methylation-dependent SOX2 proteolysis. In conclusion, our findings reveal an important mechanism by which the stability of the pluripotency-controlling stem-cell protein SOX2 is dynamically regulated by the activities of SET7, LSD1, and PHF20L1 in pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Zhang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and.,the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nam Hoang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Feng Leng
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and.,the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lovely Saxena
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Logan Lee
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Salvador Alejo
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Dandan Qi
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and.,the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Anthony Khal
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Hong Sun
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
| | - Fei Lu
- the Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 and
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