1
|
Summers KM. Genetic models of fibrillinopathies. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad189. [PMID: 37972149 PMCID: PMC11021029 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrillinopathies represent a group of diseases in which the 10-12 nm extracellular microfibrils are disrupted by genetic variants in one of the genes encoding fibrillin molecules, large glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. The best-known fibrillinopathy is Marfan syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition affecting the cardiovascular, ocular, skeletal, and other systems, with a prevalence of around 1 in 3,000 across all ethnic groups. It is caused by variants of the FBN1 gene, encoding fibrillin-1, which interacts with elastin to provide strength and elasticity to connective tissues. A number of mouse models have been created in an attempt to replicate the human phenotype, although all have limitations. There are also natural bovine models and engineered models in pig and rabbit. Variants in FBN2 encoding fibrillin-2 cause congenital contractural arachnodactyly and mouse models for this condition have also been produced. In most animals, including birds, reptiles, and amphibians, there is a third fibrillin, fibrillin-3 (FBN3 gene) for which the creation of models has been difficult as the gene is degenerate and nonfunctional in mice and rats. Other eukaryotes such as the nematode C. elegans and zebrafish D. rerio have a gene with some homology to fibrillins and models have been used to discover more about the function of this family of proteins. This review looks at the phenotype, inheritance, and relevance of the various animal models for the different fibrillinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, González-Lucán M. Body Fat Distribution Contributes to Defining the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Human Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e160823219824. [PMID: 37587805 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230816111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is defined by body fat distribution rather than global adiposity. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (including hepatic steatosis) reflects insulin resistance and predicts type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In humans, available evidence indicates that the ability to store triglycerides in the subcutaneous adipose tissue reflects enhanced insulin sensitivity. Prospective studies document an association between larger subcutaneous fat mass at baseline and reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance. Case-control studies reveal an association between genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and a lower amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ) promotes subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and subcutaneous fat deposition, improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral fat. Thiazolidinediones reproduce the effects of PPAR-γ activation and therefore increase the amount of subcutaneous fat while enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral fat. Partial or virtually complete lack of adipose tissue (lipodystrophy) is associated with insulin resistance and its clinical manifestations, including essential hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-c, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Patients with Prader Willi syndrome manifest severe subcutaneous obesity without insulin resistance. The impaired ability to accumulate fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue may be due to deficient triglyceride synthesis, inadequate formation of lipid droplets, or defective adipocyte differentiation. Lean and obese humans develop insulin resistance when the capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is exhausted and deposition of triglycerides is no longer attainable at that location. Existing adipocytes become large and reflect the presence of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Montero
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Lucán
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diao H, Li X, Xu Y, Xing X, Pang S. Asprosin, a novel glucogenic adipokine implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108614. [PMID: 37769508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Asprosin, encoded by penultimate two exons (exon 65 and exon 66) of the gene Fibrillin 1 (FBN1), has been recently discovered to be a novel hormone secreted by white adipose tissues during fasting. The glucose metabolism disorders are often accompanied by increased asprosin level. Previous research suggests that asprosin may contribute to the development of diabetes by regulating glucose homeostasis, appetite, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from studies on asprosin and its association with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and discusses its mechanisms from various aspects, so as to provide clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas for T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Diao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yeqiu Xu
- Department of Eye, Oral & Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuguang Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moriwaki T, Masuno M, Nagata M, Ishihara Y, Miyashita Y, Asano Y, Takao K, Tawa K, Yamanouchi Y, Miki A, Otomo T. A case of Marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome: experimental proof of skipping exons and escaping nonsense-mediated decay. Hum Genome Var 2023; 10:27. [PMID: 37845262 PMCID: PMC10579217 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a Japanese patient with tall stature, dolichocephaly, prominent forehead, narrow nasal ridge, mild retrognathia, subcutaneous fat reduction, bilateral entropion of both eyelids, high arched palate, long fingers, and mild hyperextensible finger joints as a case of Marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome. Genetic investigation revealed a heterozygous variant NC_000015.10(NM_000138.5):c.8226+5G>A in the FBN1 gene. Skipping of exon 65 and escaping nonsense-mediated decay followed by frameshift were experimentally confirmed in the proband's mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Moriwaki
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Masuno
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
- Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Miho Nagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kayo Takao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Tawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamanouchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
- Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otomo
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Summers KM, Bush SJ, Davis MR, Hume DA, Keshvari S, West JA. Fibrillin-1 and asprosin, novel players in metabolic syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:106979. [PMID: 36630758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is a major component of the extracellular microfibrils, where it interacts with other extracellular matrix proteins to provide elasticity to connective tissues, and regulates the bioavailability of TGFβ family members. A peptide consisting of the C-terminal 140 amino acids of fibrillin-1 has recently been identified as a glucogenic hormone, secreted from adipose tissue during fasting and targeting the liver to release glucose. This fragment, called asprosin, also signals in the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite. Asprosin levels are correlated with many of the pathologies indicative of metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance and obesity. Previous studies and reviews have addressed the therapeutic potential of asprosin as a target in obesity, diabetes and related conditions without considering mechanisms underlying the relationship between generation of asprosin and expression of the much larger fibrillin-1 protein. Profibrillin-1 undergoes obligatory cleavage at the cell surface as part of its assembly into microfibrils, producing the asprosin peptide as well as mature fibrillin-1. Patterns of FBN1 mRNA expression are inconsistent with the necessity for regulated release of asprosin. The asprosin peptide may be protected from degradation in adipose tissue. We present evidence for an alternative possibility, that asprosin mRNA is generated independently from an internal promoter within the 3' end of the FBN1 gene, which would allow for regulation independent of fibrillin-synthesis and is more economical of cellular resources. The discovery of asprosin opened exciting possibilities for treatment of metabolic syndrome related conditions, but there is much to be understood before such therapies could be introduced into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret R Davis
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A West
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Mayne Medical Building, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Araújo-Vilar D, Fernández-Pombo A, Cobelo-Gómez S, Castro AI, Sánchez-Iglesias S. Lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndromes. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:555-571. [PMID: 35835948 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, lipodystrophy syndromes are rare conditions characterized by a lack of adipose tissue, which is not generally recovered. As a consequence, an ectopic deposition of lipids frequently occurs, which usually leads to insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. These disorders include certain accelerated aging syndromes or progeroid syndromes. Even though each of them has unique clinical features, most show common clinical characteristics that affect growth, skin and appendages, adipose tissue, muscle, and bone and, in some of them, life expectancy is reduced. Although the molecular bases of these Mendelian disorders are very diverse and not well known, genomic instability is frequent as a consequence of impairment of nuclear organization, chromatin structure, and DNA repair, as well as epigenetic dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the main clinical features of the lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndromes will be described along with their causes and pathogenic mechanisms, and an attempt will be made to identify which of López-Otín's hallmarks of aging are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Cobelo-Gómez
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng Q, Zhang Y, Xian B, Wu L, Ding J, Ding W, Zhang X, Ding B, Li D, Wu J, Hu X, Lu G. A synonymous variant contributes to a rare Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome complicated with mild anemia via affecting pre-mRNA splicing. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1026530. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1026530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (WDRTS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive neonatal disorder. Currently, over 50 cases with variable phenotypes of WDRTS have been reported. In our cohort of prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, a female proband was found to have general growth retardation, neurocutaneous syndrome, and anemia. Karyotype test and array-CGH detected no obvious chromosomal aberrations. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing (Trio-WES) identified bi-allelic compound mutations in the coding sequence (CDS) of POLR3A gene (c.3342C > T, p.Ser1114 = and c.3718G > A, p.Gly1240Ser). For the mild anemia phenotype, the underlying causal genetic factors could be attributed to the compound heterozygous mutations in FANCA gene (c.2832dup, p.Ala945CysfsTer6 and c.1902 T > G, p.Asp634Glu). Mini-gene reporter assays revealed that the synonymous variant of POLR3A and the missense variant of FANCA could affect pre-mRNA splicing of each gene. For POLR3A, the synonymous mutation (c.3342C > T, p.Ser1114=) generated three types of aberrant isoforms. Therefore, the female patient was finally diagnosed as WDRTS caused by POLR3A. For FANCA, the missense variant (c.1902 T > G, p.Asp634Glu) disrupted the normal splicing between exon 21 and 22, and produced two types of abnormal isoforms, one carrying the 1902G and the other spliced between exon 21 and 23 to exclude exon 22. Network analysis showed that POLR3A and FANCA could be STRINGed, indicating both proteins might collaborate for some unknown functions. Current investigation would broaden the knowledge for clinicians and genetic counselors and remind them to interpret those synonymous or predicted “benign” variants more carefully.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen ZX, Jia WN, Jiang YX. Genotype-phenotype correlations of marfan syndrome and related fibrillinopathies: Phenomenon and molecular relevance. Front Genet 2022; 13:943083. [PMID: 36176293 PMCID: PMC9514320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.943083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS, OMIM: 154700) is a heritable multisystemic disease characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. The underlying molecular defect is caused by variants in the FBN1. Meanwhile, FBN1 variants are also detected in a spectrum of connective tissue disorders collectively termed as ‘type I fibrillinopathies’. A multitude of FBN1 variants is reported and most of them are unique in each pedigree. Although MFS is being considered a monogenic disorder, it is speculated that the allelic heterogeneity of FBN1 variants contributes to various manifestations, distinct prognoses, and differential responses to the therapies in affected patients. Significant progress in the genotype–phenotype correlations of MFS have emerged in the last 20 years, though, some of the associations were still in debate. This review aims to update the recent advances in the genotype-phenotype correlations of MFS and related fibrillinopathies. The molecular bases and pathological mechanisms are summarized for better support of the observed correlations. Other factors contributing to the phenotype heterogeneity and future research directions were also discussed. Dissecting the genotype-phenotype correlation of FBN1 variants and related disorders will provide valuable information in risk stratification, prognosis, and choice of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xu Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Nan Jia
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genetic or acquired lipodystrophies are characterized by selective loss of body fat along with predisposition towards metabolic complications of insulin resistance, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and acanthosis nigricans. In this review, we discuss the various subtypes and when to suspect and how to diagnose lipodystrophy. RECENT FINDINGS The four major subtypes are autosomal recessive, congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL); acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL), mostly an autoimmune disorder; autosomal dominant or recessive familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD); and acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL), an autoimmune disorder. Diagnosis of lipodystrophy is mainly based upon physical examination findings of loss of body fat and can be supported by body composition analysis by skinfold measurements, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Confirmatory genetic testing is helpful in the proband and at-risk family members with suspected genetic lipodystrophies. The treatment is directed towards the specific comorbidities and metabolic complications, and there is no treatment to reverse body fat loss. Metreleptin should be considered as the first-line therapy for metabolic complications in patients with generalized lipodystrophy and for prevention of comorbidities in children. Metformin and insulin therapy are the best options for treating hyperglycemia and fibrates and/or fish oil for hypertriglyceridemia. Lipodystrophy should be suspected in lean and muscular subjects presenting with diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or amenorrhea. Diabetologists should be aware of lipodystrophies and consider genetic varieties as an important subtype of monogenic diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Patni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8537, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muthu ML, Tiedemann K, Fradette J, Komarova S, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-1 regulates white adipose tissue development, homeostasis, and function. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:106-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
11
|
Nishi E, Takenouchi T, Miya F, Uehara T, Yanagi K, Hasegawa Y, Ueda K, Mizuno S, Kaname T, Kosaki K, Okamoto N. The novel and recurrent variants in exon 31 of CREBBP in Japanese patients with Menke-Hennekam syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:446-453. [PMID: 34652060 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Menke-Hennekam syndrome-1 (MKHK1) is a congenital disorder caused by the heterozygous variants in exon 30 or 31 of CREBBP (CREB binding protein) gene mapped on 16p13.3. It is characterized by psychomotor delay, variable impairment of intellectual disability (ID), feeding difficulty, autistic behavior, hearing impairment, short stature, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphisms. The CREBBP loss-of-function variants cause Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome-1 (RSTS1). The function of CREBBP leading to MKHK1 has not been clarified so far, and the phenotype of MKHK1 significantly differs from that of RSTS1. We examined six patients with de novo pathogenic variants affecting the last exon of CREBBP, and they shared the clinical features of MKHK1. This study revealed that one frameshift and three nonsense variants of CREBBP cause MKHK1, and inferred that the nonsense variants of the last exon could further help in the elucidation of the etiology of MKHK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nishi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuiko Hasegawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kimiko Ueda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aichi Developmental Disability Center Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Lipodystrophic syndromes (LS) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a loss of adipose tissue. These syndromes are usually associated with metabolic complications, which are determinant for morbidity and mortality. The classical forms of LS include partial, generalized, and progeroid lipodystrophies. They are usually due to defects in proteins playing a key role in adipogenesis and adipocyte functions. More recently, systemic disorders combining lipodystrophy and multiple organ dysfunction have been described, including autoinflammatory syndromes, mitochondrial disorders, as well as other complex entities. To date, more than thirty genes have been implicated in the monogenic forms of LS, but the majority of them remain genetically-unexplained. The associated pathophysiological mechanisms also remain to be clarified in many instances. Next generation sequencing-based approaches allow simultaneous testing of multiple genes and have become crucial to speed up the identification of new disease-causing genes. The challenge for geneticists is now the interpretation of the amount of available genetic data, generated especially by exome and whole-genome sequencing. International recommendations on the interpretation and classification of variants have been set up and are regularly reassessed. Very close collaboration between geneticists, clinicians, and researchers will be necessary to make rapid progress in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of these diseases, and to promote personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jéru
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris 75012, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sorkina E, Chichkova V. Generalized lipoatrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104075. [PMID: 34562560 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized lipodystrophy (GL) syndromes are a group of rare heterogenous disorders, characterized by total subcutaneous fat loss. The frequency of GL is currently assessed as approximately 0,23 cases per million of the population, in Europe - as 0,96 cases per million of the population. They can be congenital (CGL) or acquired (AGL) depending on the etiology and the time of the onset of fat loss. Both CGL and AGL are often associated with different metabolic complications, such as hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus, metabolically associated FLD, arterial hypertension, proteinuria, reproductive system disorders. In this review we aimed to summarize the information on all forms of generalized lipodystrophy, especially the ones of genetic etiology, their clinical manifestations and complications, the perspectives for diagnostics, treatment and further research.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shabir K, Brown JE, Afzal I, Gharanei S, Weickert MO, Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS. Asprosin, a novel pleiotropic adipokine implicated in fasting and obesity-related cardio-metabolic disease: Comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:120-132. [PMID: 34108103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that releases an array of adipokines, which play a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and multiple other physiological processes. An altered adipokine secretion profile from adipose tissue depots frequently characterizes obesity and related cardio-metabolic diseases. Asprosin is a recently discovered adipokine that is released in response to fasting. Following secretion, asprosin acts - via an olfactory G-protein coupled receptor and potentially via other unknown receptor(s) - on hepatocytes and agouti-related peptide-expressing neurons in the central nervous system to stimulate glucose secretion and promote appetite, respectively. A growing body of both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown asprosin to exert a number of effects on different metabolic tissues. Indeed, asprosin can attenuate insulin signalling and promote insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by increasing inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, asprosin may also play a protective role in cardiomyocytes that are exposed to hypoxic conditions. Moreover, clinical studies have reported elevated circulating asprosin levels in obesity, type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related cardio-metabolic diseases, with significant associations to clinically relevant parameters. Understanding the spectrum of the effects of this novel adipokine is essential in order to determine its physiologic role and its significance as a potential therapeutic target and/or a biomarker of cardio-metabolic disease. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of the published literature on asprosin, including both clinical and preclinical studies, focusing on its role in metabolism and cardio-metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shabir
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - James E Brown
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom; School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Islam Afzal
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Seley Gharanei
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom.
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cale JM, Greer K, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. Proof-of-Concept: Antisense Oligonucleotide Mediated Skipping of Fibrillin-1 Exon 52. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073479. [PMID: 33801742 PMCID: PMC8037683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is one of the most common dominantly inherited connective tissue disorders, affecting 2–3 in 10,000 individuals, and is caused by one of over 2800 unique FBN1 mutations. Mutations in FBN1 result in reduced fibrillin-1 expression, or the production of two different fibrillin-1 monomers unable to interact to form functional microfibrils. Here, we describe in vitro evaluation of antisense oligonucleotides designed to mediate exclusion of FBN1 exon 52 during pre-mRNA splicing to restore monomer homology. Antisense oligonucleotide sequences were screened in healthy control fibroblasts. The most effective sequence was synthesised as a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer, a chemistry shown to be safe and effective clinically. We show that exon 52 can be excluded in up to 100% of FBN1 transcripts in healthy control fibroblasts transfected with PMO52. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the loss of fibrillin 1 fibres with ~50% skipping and the subsequent re-appearance of fibres with >80% skipping. However, the effect of exon skipping on the function of the induced fibrillin-1 isoform remains to be explored. Therefore, these findings demonstrate proof-of-concept that exclusion of an exon from FBN1 pre-mRNA can result in internally truncated but identical monomers capable of forming fibres and lay a foundation for further investigation to determine the effect of exon skipping on fibrillin-1 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Cale
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (J.M.C.); (K.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Kane Greer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (J.M.C.); (K.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (J.M.C.); (K.G.); (S.F.)
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- PYC Therapeutics, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (J.M.C.); (K.G.); (S.F.)
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9360-2305
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren M, Shi J, Jia J, Guo Y, Ni X, Shi T. Genotype-phenotype correlations of Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy and novel candidate genes prediction. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:108. [PMID: 32349771 PMCID: PMC7191718 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an almost total lack of adipose tissue in the body. Mutations in the AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1 and PTRF genes define I-IV subtype of BSLC respectively and clinical data indicate that new causative genes remain to be discovered. Here, we retrieved 341 cases from 60 BSCL-related studies worldwide and aimed to explore genotype-phenotype correlations based on mutations of AGPAT2 and BSCL2 genes from 251 cases. We also inferred new candidate genes for BSCL through protein-protein interaction and phenotype-similarity. RESULTS Analysis results show that BSCL type II with earlier age of onset of diabetes mellitus, higher risk to suffer from premature death and mental retardation, is a more severe disorder than BSCL type I, but BSCL type I patients are more likely to have bone cysts. In BSCL type I, females are at higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus and acanthosis nigricans than males, while in BSCL type II, males suffer from diabetes mellitus earlier than females. In addition, some significant correlations among BSCL-related phenotypes were identified. New candidate genes prediction through protein-protein interaction and phenotype-similarity was conducted and we found that CAV3, EBP, SNAP29, HK1, CHRM3, OBSL1 and DNAJC13 genes could be the pathogenic factors for BSCL. Particularly, CAV3 and EBP could be high-priority candidate genes contributing to pathogenesis of BSCL. CONCLUSIONS Our study largely enhances the current knowledge of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of BSCL and promotes the more comprehensive understanding of pathogenic mechanisms for BSCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmeng Jia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Muthu ML, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-1-derived asprosin in adipose tissue function and metabolic disorders. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:159-73. [PMID: 32279186 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix microenvironment of adipose tissue is of critical importance for the differentiation, remodeling and function of adipocytes. Fibrillin-1 is one of the main components of microfibrils and a key player in this process. Furin processing of profibrillin-1 results in mature fibrillin-1 and releases the C-terminal propeptide as a circulating hunger hormone, asprosin. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene lead to adipose tissue dysfunction and causes Marfan syndrome, marfanoid progeroid lipodystrophy syndrome, and neonatal progeroid syndrome. Increased TGF-β signaling, altered mechanical properties and impaired adipogenesis are potential causes of adipose tissue dysfunction, mediated through deficient microfibrils. Circulating asprosin on the other hand is secreted primarily by white adipose tissue under fasting conditions and in obesity. It increases hepatic glucose production and drives insulin secretion and appetite stimulation through inter-organ cross talk. This review discusses the metabolic consequences of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-1-derived asprosin in pathological conditions. Understanding the dynamic role of fibrillin-1 in the adipose tissue milieu and of circulating asprosin in the body can provide novel mechanistic insights into how fibrillin-1 may contribute to metabolic syndrome. This could lead to new management regimens of patients with metabolic disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Genetic studies of patients with neonatal progeroid syndrome led to the discovery of the novel fasting-induced, glucogenic, and orexigenic hormone named asprosin, the C-terminal cleavage product of profibrillin. Upon secretion, asprosin travels to the liver, where it exerts a glucogenic effect through OR4M1, an olfactory G-protein-coupled receptor. It also crosses the blood-brain barrier to stimulate appetite-modulating neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, exerting an orexigenic effect via an as yet unidentified receptor. Specifically, it stimulates appetite by activating orexigenic AgRP neurons and inhibiting anorexigenic POMC neurons. Studies have also focused on the therapeutic potential of inhibiting asprosin for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, both of which are characterized by high levels of circulating asprosin. It has been shown that anti-asprosin monoclonal antibodies reduce blood glucose, appetite, and body weight, validating asprosin as a therapeutic target. Current work aims to uncover key features of the asprosin biology such as the identification of its neuronal receptor, identification of the secretion mechanism from adipose tissue, and development of anti-asprosin monoclonal antibodies as diabetes and obesity therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Xie
- Harrington Discovery Institute at University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
| | - Atul R Chopra
- Harrington Discovery Institute at University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
von Kodolitsch Y, Demolder A, Girdauskas E, Kaemmerer H, Kornhuber K, Muino Mosquera L, Morris S, Neptune E, Pyeritz R, Rand-Hendriksen S, Rahman A, Riise N, Robert L, Staufenbiel I, Szöcs K, Vanem TT, Linke SJ, Vogler M, Yetman A, De Backer J. Features of Marfan syndrome not listed in the Ghent nosology – the dark side of the disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 17:883-915. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1704625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yskert von Kodolitsch
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Anthony Demolder
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Harald Kaemmerer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich
| | - Katharina Kornhuber
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich
| | - Laura Muino Mosquera
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shaine Morris
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reed Pyeritz
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Svend Rand-Hendriksen
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Alexander Rahman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Nina Riise
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Leema Robert
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Katalin Szöcs
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Thy Thy Vanem
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephan J. Linke
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Ophthalmological practice at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, zentrumsehstärke, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Vogler
- German Marfan Association, Marfan Hilfe Deutschland e.V, Eutin, Germany
| | - Anji Yetman
- Vascular Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Julie De Backer
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin M, Liu Z, Liu G, Zhao S, Li C, Chen W, Coban Akdemir Z, Lin J, Song X, Wang S, Xu Q, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yan Z, Liu S, Liu J, Chen Y, Zuo Y, Yang X, Sun T, Yang X, Niu Y, Li X, You W, Qiu B, Ding C, Liu P, Zhang S, Carvalho CMB, Posey JE, Qiu G, Lupski JR, Wu Z, Zhang J, Wu N. Genetic and molecular mechanism for distinct clinical phenotypes conveyed by allelic truncating mutations implicated in FBN1. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1023. [PMID: 31774634 PMCID: PMC6978264 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular and genetic mechanisms by which different single nucleotide variant alleles in specific genes, or at the same genetic locus, cause distinct disease phenotypes often remain unclear. Allelic truncating mutations of FBN1 could cause either classical Marfan syndrome (MFS) or a more complicated phenotype associated with Marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome (MPLS). METHODS We investigated a small cohort, encompassing two classical MFS and one MPLS subjects from China, whose clinical presentation included scoliosis potentially requiring surgical intervention. Targeted next generation sequencing was performed on all the participants. We analyzed the molecular diagnosis, clinical features, and the potential molecular mechanism involved in the MPLS subject in our cohort. RESULTS We report a novel de novo FBN1 mutation for the first Chinese subject with MPLS, a more complicated fibrillinopathy, and two subjects with more classical MFS. We further predict that the MPLS truncating mutation, and others previously reported, is prone to escape the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), while MFS mutations are predicted to be subjected to NMD. Also, the MPLS mutation occurs within the glucogenic hormone asprosin domain of FBN1. In vitro experiments showed that the single MPLS mutation p.Glu2759Cysfs*9 appears to perturb proper FBN1 protein aggregation as compared with the classical MFS mutation p.Tyr2596Thrfs*86. Both mutations appear to upregulate SMAD2 phosphorylation in vitro. CONCLUSION We provide direct evidence that a dominant-negative interaction of FBN1 potentially explains the complex MPLS phenotypes through genetic and functional analysis. Our study expands the mutation spectrum of FBN1 and highlights the potential molecular mechanism for MPLS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are the result of a range of inherited and acquired causes, but all are characterized by perturbations in white adipose tissue function and, in many instances, its mass or distribution. Though patients are often nonobese, they typically manifest a severe form of the metabolic syndrome, highlighting the importance of white fat in the "safe" storage of surplus energy. Understanding the molecular pathophysiology of congenital lipodystrophies has yielded useful insights into the biology of adipocytes and informed therapeutic strategies. More recently, genome-wide association studies focused on insulin resistance have linked common variants to genes implicated in adipose biology and suggested that subtle forms of lipodystrophy contribute to cardiometabolic disease risk at a population level. These observations underpin the use of aligned treatment strategies in insulin-resistant obese and lipodystrophic patients, the major goal being to alleviate the energetic burden on adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wambach JA, Wegner DJ, Patni N, Kircher M, Willing MC, Baldridge D, Xing C, Agarwal AK, Vergano SAS, Patel C, Grange DK, Kenney A, Najaf T, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Cole FS, Garg A. Bi-allelic POLR3A Loss-of-Function Variants Cause Autosomal-Recessive Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:968-975. [PMID: 30414627 PMCID: PMC6288318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (WRS), also known as neonatal progeroid syndrome, is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. It has been proposed to be autosomal-recessive and is characterized by variable clinical features, such as intrauterine growth restriction and poor postnatal weight gain, characteristic facial features (triangular appearance to the face, convex nasal profile or pinched nose, and small mouth), widened fontanelles, pseudohydrocephalus, prominent scalp veins, lipodystrophy, and teeth abnormalities. A previous report described a single WRS patient with bi-allelic truncating and splicing variants in POLR3A. Here we present seven additional infants, children, and adults with WRS and bi-allelic truncating and/or splicing variants in POLR3A. POLR3A, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase III, is a DNA-directed RNA polymerase that transcribes many small noncoding RNAs that regulate transcription, RNA processing, and translation. Bi-allelic missense variants in POLR3A have been associated with phenotypes distinct from WRS: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with or without oligodontia. Our findings confirm the association of bi-allelic POLR3A variants with WRS, expand the clinical phenotype of WRS, and suggest specific POLR3A genotypes associated with WRS and hypomyelinating leukodystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wambach
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel J Wegner
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nivedita Patni
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Martin Kircher
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcia C Willing
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dustin Baldridge
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Bioinformatics and Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy Kenney
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Tasnim Najaf
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Fetal Care Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lessel D, Ozel AB, Campbell SE, Saadi A, Arlt MF, McSweeney KM, Plaiasu V, Szakszon K, Szőllős A, Rusu C, Rojas AJ, Lopez-Valdez J, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Li JZ, Kubisch C, Glover TW, Gordon LB. Analyses of LMNA-negative juvenile progeroid cases confirms biallelic POLR3A mutations in Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch-like syndrome and expands the phenotypic spectrum of PYCR1 mutations. Hum Genet 2018; 137:921-939. [PMID: 30450527 PMCID: PMC6652186 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile segmental progeroid syndromes are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by signs of premature aging affecting more than one tissue or organ starting in childhood. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), caused by a recurrent de novo synonymous LMNA mutation resulting in aberrant splicing and generation of a mutant product called progerin, is a prototypical example of such disorders. Here, we performed a joint collaborative study using massively parallel sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing, aimed at delineating the underlying genetic cause of 14 previously undiagnosed, clinically heterogeneous, non-LMNA-associated juvenile progeroid patients. The molecular diagnosis was achieved in 11 of 14 cases (~ 79%). Furthermore, we firmly establish biallelic mutations in POLR3A as the genetic cause of a recognizable, neonatal, Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch-like progeroid syndrome. Thus, we suggest that POLR3A mutations are causal for a portion of under-diagnosed early-onset segmental progeroid syndromes. We additionally expand the clinical spectrum associated with PYCR1 mutations by showing that they can somewhat resemble HGPS in the first year of life. Moreover, our results lead to clinical reclassification in one single case. Our data emphasize the complex genetic and clinical heterogeneity underlying progeroid disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan E Campbell
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abdelkrim Saadi
- Service de neurologie, CHU Ben Aknoun Alger, 2 route des deux Bassins, BenAknoun,, Algers, Algeria
| | - Martin F Arlt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keisha Melodi McSweeney
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 20993, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vasilica Plaiasu
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics, Alessandrescu-Rusescu INSMC, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Szőllős
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Cristina Rusu
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Armando J Rojas
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime Lopez-Valdez
- Department of Genetics, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Glover
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leslie B Gordon
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article focuses on recent progress in understanding the genetics of lipodystrophy syndromes, the pathophysiology of severe metabolic abnormalities caused by these syndromes, and causes of severe morbidity and a possible signal of increased mortality associated with lipodystrophy. An updated classification scheme is also presented. RECENT FINDINGS Lipodystrophy encompasses a group of heterogeneous rare diseases characterized by generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue and associated metabolic abnormalities including altered lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Recent advances in the field have led to the discovery of new genes associated with lipodystrophy and have also improved our understanding of adipose biology, including differentiation, lipid droplet assembly, and metabolism. Several registries have documented the natural history of the disease and the serious comorbidities that patients with lipodystrophy face. There is also evolving evidence for increased mortality rates associated with lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy syndromes represent a challenging cluster of diseases that lead to severe insulin resistance, a myriad of metabolic abnormalities, and serious morbidity. The understanding of these syndromes is evolving in parallel with the identification of novel disease-causing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Akinci
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Room 5313, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rasimcan Meral
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Room 5313, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Elif Arioglu Oral
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Room 5313, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen M, Yao B, Yang Q, Deng J, Song Y, Sui T, Zhou L, Yao H, Xu Y, Ouyang H, Pang D, Li Z, Lai L. Truncated C-terminus of fibrillin-1 induces Marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy (MPL) syndrome in rabbit. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.031542. [PMID: 29666143 PMCID: PMC5963856 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various clinical differences have been observed between patients with the FBN1 gene mutation and those with the classical Marfan phenotype. Although FBN1 knockout (KO) or dominant-negative mutant mice are widely used as an animal model for Marfan syndrome (MFS), these mice cannot recapitulate the genotype/phenotype relationship of Marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy (MPL) syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in the C-terminus of fibrillin-1, the penultimate exon of the FBN1 gene. Here, we describe the generation of a rabbit MPL model with C-terminal truncation of fibrillin-1 using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. FBN1 heterozygous (FBN1 Het) rabbits faithfully recapitulated the phenotypes of MFS, including muscle wasting and impaired connective tissue, ocular syndrome and aortic dilation. Moreover, skin symptoms, lipodystrophy, growth retardation and dysglycemia were also seen in these FBN1 Het rabbits, and have not been reported in other animal models. In conclusion, this novel rabbit model mimics the histopathological changes and functional defects of MPL syndrome, and could become a valuable model for studies of pathogenesis and drug screening for MPL syndrome. Summary: A novel genetically engineered rabbit model of MPL syndrome, generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of FBN1, mimics the histopathological changes and functional defects of MPL syndrome seen in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qiangbing Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jichao Deng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tingting Sui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - HaoBing Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China .,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Falah N, Posey JE, Thorson W, Benke P, Tekin M, Tarshish B, Lupski JR, Harel T. 22q11.2q13 duplication including SOX10 causes sex-reversal and peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1066-1070. [PMID: 28328136 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of genetic syndromes may be difficult when specific components of a disorder manifest at a later age. We present a follow up of a previous report [Seeherunvong et al., (2004); AJMGA 127: 149-151], of an individual with 22q duplication and sex-reversal syndrome. The subject's phenotype evolved to include peripheral and central demyelination, Waardenburg syndrome type IV, and Hirschsprung disease (PCWH; MIM 609136). DNA microarray analysis defined the duplication at 22q11.2q13, including SOX10. Sequencing of the coding region of SOX10 did not reveal any mutations. Our data suggest that SOX10 duplication can cause disorders of sex development and PCWH, supporting the hypothesis that SOX10 toxic gain of function rather than dominant negative activity underlies PCWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Falah
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Willa Thorson
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Paul Benke
- Memorial HealthCare System, Hollywood, Florida
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Brocha Tarshish
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Lipodystrophy disorders are characterized by selective loss of fat tissue with metabolic complications including insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and nonalcoholic liver disease. These complications can be life-threatening, affect quality of life, and result in increased health care costs. Genetic discoveries have been particularly helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases, and have shown that mutations affect pathways involved in adipocyte differentiation and survival, lipid droplet formation, and lipid synthesis. In addition, genetic testing can identify patients whose phenotypes are not clearly apparent, but who may still be affected by severe metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Lightbourne
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca J. Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paolacci S, Bertola D, Franco J, Mohammed S, Tartaglia M, Wollnik B, Hennekam RC. Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome: A phenotype analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1763-1772. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paolacci
- Department of Experimental Medicine; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Debora Bertola
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança; Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Franco
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança; Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Guy's Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division; Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Rome Italy
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Raoul C. Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brown RJ, Araujo-Vilar D, Cheung PT, Dunger D, Garg A, Jack M, Mungai L, Oral EA, Patni N, Rother KI, von Schnurbein J, Sorkina E, Stanley T, Vigouroux C, Wabitsch M, Williams R, Yorifuji T. The Diagnosis and Management of Lipodystrophy Syndromes: A Multi-Society Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4500-4511. [PMID: 27710244 PMCID: PMC5155679 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipodystrophy syndromes are extremely rare disorders of deficient body fat associated with potentially serious metabolic complications, including diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and steatohepatitis. Due to their rarity, most clinicians are not familiar with their diagnosis and management. This practice guideline summarizes the diagnosis and management of lipodystrophy syndromes not associated with HIV or injectable drugs. PARTICIPANTS Seventeen participants were nominated by worldwide endocrine societies or selected by the committee as content experts. Funding was via an unrestricted educational grant from Astra Zeneca to the Pediatric Endocrine Society. Meetings were not open to the general public. EVIDENCE A literature review was conducted by the committee. Recommendations of the committee were graded using the system of the American Heart Association. Expert opinion was used when published data were unavailable or scarce. CONSENSUS PROCESS The guideline was drafted by committee members and reviewed, revised, and approved by the entire committee during group meetings. Contributing societies reviewed the document and provided approval. CONCLUSIONS Lipodystrophy syndromes are heterogeneous and are diagnosed by clinical phenotype, supplemented by genetic testing in certain forms. Patients with most lipodystrophy syndromes should be screened for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver, kidney, and heart disease annually. Diet is essential for the management of metabolic complications of lipodystrophy. Metreleptin therapy is effective for metabolic complications in hypoleptinemic patients with generalized lipodystrophy and selected patients with partial lipodystrophy. Other treatments not specific for lipodystrophy may be helpful as well (eg, metformin for diabetes, and statins or fibrates for hyperlipidemia). Oral estrogens are contraindicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - David Araujo-Vilar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Pik To Cheung
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - David Dunger
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Michelle Jack
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Lucy Mungai
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Elif A Oral
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Nivedita Patni
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Kristina I Rother
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Ekaterina Sorkina
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Takara Stanley
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Rachel Williams
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| | - Tohru Yorifuji
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R.J.B., K.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Medicine (D.A.-V.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (P.T.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Paediatrics (D.D.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust (D.D.), Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.), Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Royal North Shore Hospital (M.J.), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2126, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (L.M.), University of Nairobi, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Brehm Center for Diabetes and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (E.A.O.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (N.P.), Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.v.S., M.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Clamp Technologies Laboratory (E.S.), Endocrinology Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology of Medical Scientific Educational Centre of Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Pediatric Endocrine Unit and Program in Nutritional Metabolism (T.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Sorbonne Universities (C.V.), l'université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 938, St-Antoine Research Center, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, St-Antoine Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City 534-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are heterogeneous disorders characterized by varying degrees of body fat loss and predisposition to insulin resistance and its metabolic complications. They are subclassified depending on degree of fat loss and whether the disorder is genetic or acquired. The two most common genetic varieties include congenital generalized lipodystrophy and familial partial lipodystrophy; the two most common acquired varieties include acquired generalized lipodystrophy and acquired partial lipodystrophy. Highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced lipodystrophy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and drug-induced localized lipodystrophy are common subtypes. The metabolic abnormalities associated with lipodystrophy include insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis. Management focuses on preventing and treating metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iram Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8537, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8537, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Davis MR, Arner E, Duffy CRE, De Sousa PA, Dahlman I, Arner P, Summers KM. Expression of FBN1 during adipogenesis: Relevance to the lipodystrophy phenotype in Marfan syndrome and related conditions. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:174-85. [PMID: 27386756 PMCID: PMC5044862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is a large glycoprotein encoded by the FBN1 gene in humans. It provides strength and elasticity to connective tissues and is involved in regulating the bioavailability of the growth factor TGFβ. Mutations in FBN1 may be associated with depleted or abnormal adipose tissue, seen in some patients with Marfan syndrome and lipodystrophies. As this lack of adipose tissue does not result in high morbidity or mortality, it is generally under-appreciated, but is a cause of psychosocial problems particularly to young patients. We examined the role of fibrillin-1 in adipogenesis. In inbred mouse strains we found significant variation in the level of expression in the Fbn1 gene that correlated with variation in several measures of body fat, suggesting that mouse fibrillin-1 is associated with the level of fat tissue. Furthermore, we found that FBN1 mRNA was up-regulated in the adipose tissue of obese women compared to non-obese, and associated with an increase in adipocyte size. We used human mesenchymal stem cells differentiated in culture to adipocytes to show that fibrillin-1 declines after the initiation of differentiation. Gene expression results from a similar experiment (available through the FANTOM5 project) revealed that the decline in fibrillin-1 protein was paralleled by a decline in FBN1 mRNA. Examination of the FBN1 gene showed that the region commonly affected in FBN1-associated lipodystrophy is highly conserved both across the three human fibrillin genes and across genes encoding fibrillin-1 in vertebrates. These results suggest that fibrillin-1 is involved as the undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells transition to adipogenesis but then declines as the developing adipocytes take on their final phenotype. Since the C-terminal peptide of fibrillin-1 is a glucogenic hormone, individuals with low fibrillin-1 (for example with FBN1 mutations associated with lipodystrophy) may fail to differentiate adipocytes and/or to accumulate adipocyte lipids, although this still needs to be shown experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Davis
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Erik Arner
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (Division of Genomic Technologies) (CLST (DGT)), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Cairnan R E Duffy
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Paul A De Sousa
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge (Med H), Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge (Med H), Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kim M Summers
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Romere C, Duerrschmid C, Bournat J, Constable P, Jain M, Xia F, Saha PK, Del Solar M, Zhu B, York B, Sarkar P, Rendon DA, Gaber MW, LeMaire SA, Coselli JS, Milewicz DM, Sutton VR, Butte NF, Moore DD, Chopra AR. Asprosin, a Fasting-Induced Glucogenic Protein Hormone. Cell 2016; 165:566-79. [PMID: 27087445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic glucose release into the circulation is vital for brain function and survival during periods of fasting and is modulated by an array of hormones that precisely regulate plasma glucose levels. We have identified a fasting-induced protein hormone that modulates hepatic glucose release. It is the C-terminal cleavage product of profibrillin, and we name it Asprosin. Asprosin is secreted by white adipose, circulates at nanomolar levels, and is recruited to the liver, where it activates the G protein-cAMP-PKA pathway, resulting in rapid glucose release into the circulation. Humans and mice with insulin resistance show pathologically elevated plasma asprosin, and its loss of function via immunologic or genetic means has a profound glucose- and insulin-lowering effect secondary to reduced hepatic glucose release. Asprosin represents a glucogenic protein hormone, and therapeutically targeting it may be beneficial in type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chase Romere
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clemens Duerrschmid
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan Bournat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Petra Constable
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Del Solar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Poonam Sarkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David A Rendon
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Atul R Chopra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Passarge E, Robinson PN, Graul-Neumann LM. Marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome: a newly recognized fibrillinopathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1244-7. [PMID: 26860060 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We review six previous reports between 2000 and 2014 of seven unrelated patients with mutations in the FBN1 gene affecting function. All mutations occurred in exon 64 of the FBN1 gene. A distinctive phenotype consisting of partial manifestations of Marfan syndrome, a progeroid facial appearance, and clinical features of lipodystrophy was present in all individuals. We suggest that this previously unknown genotype/phenotype relationship constitutes a new fibrillinopathy for which the name marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome would be appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Passarge
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luitgard M Graul-Neumann
- Ambulantes Gesundheitszentrum der Charité Campus Virchow, Humangenetik, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reinier F, Zoledziewska M, Hanna D, Smith JD, Valentini M, Zara I, Berutti R, Sanna S, Oppo M, Cusano R, Satta R, Montesu MA, Jones C, Cerimele D, Nickerson DA, Angius A, Cucca F, Cottoni F, Crisponi L. Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome in the context of inherited lipodystrophies. Metabolism 2015; 64:1530-40. [PMID: 26350127 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipodystrophies are a large heterogeneous group of genetic or acquired disorders characterized by generalized or partial fat loss, usually associated with metabolic complications such as diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. Many efforts have been made in the last years in identifying the genetic etiologies of several lipodystrophy forms, although some remain to be elucidated. METHODS We report here the clinical description of a woman with a rare severe lipodystrophic and progeroid syndrome associated with hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes whose genetic bases have been clarified through whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. RESULTS This article reports the 5th MDPL (Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome) patient with the same de novo p.S605del mutation in POLD1. We provided further genetic evidence that this is a disease-causing mutation along with a plausible molecular mechanism responsible for this recurring event. Moreover we overviewed the current classification of the inherited forms of lipodystrophy, along with their underlying molecular basis. CONCLUSIONS Progress in the identification of lipodystrophy genes will help in better understanding the role of the pathways involved in the complex physiology of fat. This will lead to new targets towards develop innovative therapeutic strategies for treating the disorder and its metabolic complications, as well as more common forms of adipose tissue redistribution as observed in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Reinier
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - David Hanna
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Josh D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Valentini
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Ilenia Zara
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Manuela Oppo
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Rosanna Satta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Montesu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Chris Jones
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Decio Cerimele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Angius
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Cottoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zeyer KA, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-containing microfibrils are key signal relay stations for cell function. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:309-25. [PMID: 26449569 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillins constitute the backbone of microfibrils in the extracellular matrix of elastic and non-elastic tissues. Mutations in fibrillins are associated with a wide range of connective tissue disorders, the most common is Marfan syndrome. Microfibrils are on one hand important for structural stability in some tissues. On the other hand, microfibrils are increasingly recognized as critical mediators and drivers of cellular signaling. This review focuses on the signaling mechanisms initiated by fibrillins and microfibrils, which are often dysregulated in fibrillin-associated disorders. Fibrillins regulate the storage and bioavailability of growth factors of the TGF-β superfamily. Cells sense microfibrils through integrins and other receptors. Fibrillins potently regulate pathways of the immune response, inflammation and tissue homeostasis. Emerging evidence show the involvement of microRNAs in disorders caused by fibrillin deficiency. A thorough understanding of fibrillin-mediated cell signaling pathways will provide important new leads for therapeutic approaches of the underlying disorders.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zeyer KA, Reinhardt DP. Engineered mutations in fibrillin-1 leading to Marfan syndrome act at the protein, cellular and organismal levels. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 2015; 765:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Adipose tissue and the extracellular matrix were once considered passive players in regulating physiological processes. Now, both entities are acknowledged for their capacity to engage signal transduction pathways, and for their involvement in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. We recently published a series of studies that identified a novel mechanism whereby an extracellular matrix molecule, MAGP1 (microfibril associated glycoprotein 1), can regulate energy metabolism in adipose tissue. MAGP1 is a component of extracellular microfibrils and plays a supportive role in maintaining thermoregulation by indirectly regulating expression of the thermogenic uncoupling proteins (UCPs). The focus of this commentary is to draw attention to the role of the extracellular matrix in regulating the bioavailability of signaling molecules, like transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and exemplify that a better understanding of the extracellular matrix's biological properties could unveil a new source of therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jensen SA, Aspinall G, Handford PA. C-terminal propeptide is required for fibrillin-1 secretion and blocks premature assembly through linkage to domains cbEGF41-43. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10155-60. [PMID: 24982166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401697111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin microfibrils are 10-12 nm diameter, extracellular matrix assemblies that provide dynamic tissues of metazoan species with many of their biomechanical properties as well as sequestering growth factors and cytokines. Assembly of fibrillin monomers into microfibrils is thought to occur at the cell surface, with initial steps including proprotein processing, multimerization driven by the C terminus, and the head-to-tail alignment of adjacent molecules. At present the mechanisms that regulate microfibril assembly are still to be elucidated. We have used structure-informed protein engineering to create a recombinant, GFP-tagged version of fibrillin-1 (GFP-Fbn) to study this process. Using HEK293T cells transiently transfected with GFP-Fbn constructs, we show that (i) the C-terminal propeptide is an essential requirement for the secretion of full-length fibrillin-1 from cells; (ii) failure to cleave off the C-terminal propeptide blocks the assembly of fibrillin-1 into microfibrils produced by dermal fibroblasts; and (iii) the requirement of the propeptide for secretion is linked to the presence of domains cbEGF41-43, because either deletion or exchange of domains in this region leads to cellular retention. Collectively, these data suggest a mechanism in which the propeptide blocks a key site at the C terminus to prevent premature microfibril assembly.
Collapse
|
40
|
Craft CS, Pietka TA, Schappe T, Coleman T, Combs MD, Klein S, Abumrad NA, Mecham RP. The extracellular matrix protein MAGP1 supports thermogenesis and protects against obesity and diabetes through regulation of TGF-β. Diabetes 2014; 63:1920-32. [PMID: 24458361 PMCID: PMC4030109 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 1 (MAGP1) is a component of extracellular matrix microfibrils. Here we show that MAGP1 expression is significantly altered in obese humans, and inactivation of the MAGP1 gene (Mfap2(-/-)) in mice results in adipocyte hypertrophy and predisposition to metabolic dysfunction. Impaired thermoregulation was evident in Mfap2(-/-) mice prior to changes in adiposity, suggesting a causative role for MAGP1 in the increased adiposity and predisposition to diabetes. By 5 weeks of age, Mfap2(-/-) mice were maladaptive to cold challenge, uncoupling protein-1 expression was attenuated in the brown adipose tissue, and there was reduced browning of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activity were elevated in Mfap2(-/-) adipose tissue, and the treatment of Mfap2(-/-) mice with a TGF-β-neutralizing antibody improved their body temperature and prevented the increased adiposity phenotype. Together, these findings indicate that the regulation of TGF-β by MAGP1 is protective against the effects of metabolic stress, and its absence predisposes individuals to metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Terri A Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Trey Coleman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michelle D Combs
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Samuel Klein
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MODepartment of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MODepartment of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kuivenhoven JA, Hegele RA. Mining the genome for lipid genes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1993-2009. [PMID: 24798233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mining of the genome for lipid genes has since the early 1970s helped to shape our understanding of how triglycerides are packaged (in chylomicrons), repackaged (in very low density lipoproteins; VLDL), and hydrolyzed, and also how remnant and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are cleared from the circulation. Gene discoveries have also provided insights into high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and remodeling. Interestingly, at least half of these key molecular genetic studies were initiated with the benefit of prior knowledge of relevant proteins. In addition, multiple important findings originated from studies in mouse, and from other types of non-genetic approaches. Although it appears by now that the main lipid pathways have been uncovered, and that only modulators or adaptor proteins such as those encoded by LDLRAP1, APOA5, ANGPLT3/4, and PCSK9 are currently being discovered, genome wide association studies (GWAS) in particular have implicated many new loci based on statistical analyses; these may prove to have equally large impacts on lipoprotein traits as gene products that are already known. On the other hand, since 2004 - and particularly since 2010 when massively parallel sequencing has become de rigeur - no major new insights into genes governing lipid metabolism have been reported. This is probably because the etiologies of true Mendelian lipid disorders with overt clinical complications have been largely resolved. In the meantime, it has become clear that proving the importance of new candidate genes is challenging. This could be due to very low frequencies of large impact variants in the population. It must further be emphasized that functional genetic studies, while necessary, are often difficult to accomplish, making it hazardous to upgrade a variant that is simply associated to being definitively causative. Also, it is clear that applying a monogenic approach to dissect complex lipid traits that are mostly of polygenic origin is the wrong way to proceed. The hope is that large-scale data acquisition combined with sophisticated computerized analyses will help to prioritize and select the most promising candidate genes for future research. We suggest that at this point in time, investment in sequence technology driven candidate gene discovery could be recalibrated by refocusing efforts on direct functional analysis of the genes that have already been discovered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: From Genome to Function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, 4288A-1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Garg A, Xing C. De novo heterozygous FBN1 mutations in the extreme C-terminal region cause progeroid fibrillinopathy. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1341-5. [PMID: 24665001 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jacquinet A, Verloes A, Callewaert B, Coremans C, Coucke P, de Paepe A, Kornak U, Lebrun F, Lombet J, Piérard GE, Robinson PN, Symoens S, Van Maldergem L, Debray FG. Neonatal progeroid variant of Marfan syndrome with congenital lipodystrophy results from mutations at the 3' end of FBN1 gene. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:230-4. [PMID: 24613577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a 16-year-old girl with neonatal progeroid features and congenital lipodystrophy who was considered at birth as a possible variant of Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome. The emergence of additional clinical signs (marfanoid habitus, severe myopia and dilatation of the aortic bulb) lead to consider the diagnosis of the progeroid variant of Marfan syndrome. A de novo donor splice-site mutation (c.8226+1G>A) was identified in FBN1. We show that this mutation leads to exon 64 skipping and to the production of a stable mRNA that should allow synthesis of a truncated profibrillin-1, in which the C-terminal furin cleavage site is altered. FBN1 mutations associated with a similar phenotype have only been reported in four other patients. We confirm the correlation between marfanoid phenotype with congenital lipodystrophy and neonatal progeroid features (marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome) and frameshift mutations at the 3' end of FBN1. This syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis of neonatal progeroid syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Jacquinet
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Medical Genetics and INSERM U676, APHP-Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Human Genetics, Gent UZ Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anne de Paepe
- Center for Human Genetics, Gent UZ Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic Lebrun
- Pediatric Department, Clinique de l'Espérance, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Gérald E Piérard
- Department of Dermatopathology, CHU and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Human Genetics, Gent UZ Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - François-Guillaume Debray
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Pediatric Department, Clinique de l'Espérance, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rainger J, Keighren M, Keene DR, Charbonneau NL, Rainger JK, Fisher M, Mella S, Huang JTJ, Rose L, van't Hof R, Sakai LY, Jackson IJ, FitzPatrick DR. A trans-acting protein effect causes severe eye malformation in the Mp mouse. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003998. [PMID: 24348270 PMCID: PMC3861116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mp is an irradiation-induced mouse mutation associated with microphthalmia, micropinna and hind limb syndactyly. We show that Mp is caused by a 660 kb balanced inversion on chromosome 18 producing reciprocal 3-prime gene fusion events involving Fbn2 and Isoc1. The Isoc1-Fbn2 fusion gene (Isoc1Mp) mRNA has a frameshift and early stop codon resulting in nonsense mediated decay. Homozygous deletions of Isoc1 do not support a significant developmental role for this gene. The Fbn2-Isoc1 fusion gene (Fbn2Mp) predicted protein consists of the N-terminal Fibrillin-2 (amino acids 1–2646, exons 1–62) lacking the C-terminal furin-cleavage site with a short out-of-frame extension encoded by the final exon of Isoc1. The Mp limb phenotype is consistent with that reported in Fbn2 null embryos. However, severe eye malformations, a defining feature of Mp, are not seen in Fbn2 null animals. Fibrillin-2Mp forms large fibrillar structures within the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) associated with an unfolded protein response and quantitative mass spectrometry shows a generalised defect in protein secretion in conditioned media from mutant cells. In the embryonic eye Fbn2 is expressed within the peripheral ciliary margin (CM). Mp embryos show reduced canonical Wnt-signalling in the CM – known to be essential for ciliary body development - and show subsequent aplasia of CM-derived structures. We propose that the Mp “worse-than-null” eye phenotype plausibly results from a failure in normal trafficking of proteins that are co-expressed with Fbn2 within the CM. The prediction of similar trans-acting protein effects will be an important challenge in the medical interpretation of human mutations from whole exome sequencing. With the current increase in large-scale sequencing efforts, correct interpretation of mutation consequences has never been more important. Here, we present evidence for a trans-acting protein effect in a novel mutation of Fbn2, associated with severe developmental eye defects not found in loss of function Fibrillin-2 alleles. The mutant protein is expressed in the developing eye but is unable to exit the cells, instead forming large protein aggregates within the endoplasmic reticulum. We observed ER-stress in mutant eyes, and detected a general reduction to secretion of co-expressed proteins in cell cultures. We propose that similar effects could be caused by mutations to other proteins that are trafficked through the ER, highlighting a disease mechanism that results in different clinical outcomes than observed, or predicted, from loss-off-function alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Rainger
- The MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Keighren
- The MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Noe L. Charbonneau
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline K. Rainger
- The MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Fisher
- The MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Mella
- The MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey T-J. Huang
- Biomarker and Drug Analysis Core Facility, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Rose
- Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rob van't Hof
- Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Y. Sakai
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ian J. Jackson
- The MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (IJJ); (DRF)
| | - David R. FitzPatrick
- The MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (IJJ); (DRF)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Robinson PN, Köhler S, Oellrich A, Wang K, Mungall CJ, Lewis SE, Washington N, Bauer S, Seelow D, Krawitz P, Gilissen C, Haendel M, Smedley D. Improved exome prioritization of disease genes through cross-species phenotype comparison. Genome Res 2013; 24:340-8. [PMID: 24162188 PMCID: PMC3912424 DOI: 10.1101/gr.160325.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous new disease-gene associations have been identified by whole-exome sequencing studies in the last few years. However, many cases remain unsolved due to the sheer number of candidate variants remaining after common filtering strategies such as removing low quality and common variants and those deemed unlikely to be pathogenic. The observation that each of our genomes contains about 100 genuine loss-of-function variants makes identification of the causative mutation problematic when using these strategies alone. We propose using the wealth of genotype to phenotype data that already exists from model organism studies to assess the potential impact of these exome variants. Here, we introduce PHenotypic Interpretation of Variants in Exomes (PHIVE), an algorithm that integrates the calculation of phenotype similarity between human diseases and genetically modified mouse models with evaluation of the variants according to allele frequency, pathogenicity, and mode of inheritance approaches in our Exomiser tool. Large-scale validation of PHIVE analysis using 100,000 exomes containing known mutations demonstrated a substantial improvement (up to 54.1-fold) over purely variant-based (frequency and pathogenicity) methods with the correct gene recalled as the top hit in up to 83% of samples, corresponding to an area under the ROC curve of >95%. We conclude that incorporation of phenotype data can play a vital role in translational bioinformatics and propose that exome sequencing projects should systematically capture clinical phenotypes to take advantage of the strategy presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Robinson
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Takenouchi T, Hida M, Sakamoto Y, Torii C, Kosaki R, Takahashi T, Kosaki K. Severe congenital lipodystrophy and a progeroid appearance: Mutation in the penultimate exon of FBN1 causing a recognizable phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:3057-62. [PMID: 24039054 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, three marfanoid patients with congenital lipodystrophy and a neonatal progeroid appearance were reported. Although their phenotype was distinct from that of classic Marfan syndrome, they all had a truncating mutation in the penultimate exon, i.e., exon 64, of FBN1, the causative gene for Marfan syndrome. These patients might represent a new entity, but the exact phenotypic and genotypic spectrum remains unknown. Here, we report on a girl born prematurely who exhibited severe congenital lipodystrophy and a neonatal progeroid appearance. The patient exhibited a characteristic growth pattern consisting of an accelerated growth in height with a discrepant poor weight gain. She had a characteristic facial appearance with craniosynostosis. A mutation analysis identified c.8175_8182del8bp, p.Arg2726Glufs*9 in exon 64 of the FBN1 gene. A review of similar, recently reported patients revealed that the cardinal features of these patients include (1) congenital lipodystrophy, (2) premature birth with an accelerated linear growth disproportionate to the weight gain, and (3) a progeroid appearance with distinct facial features. Lines of molecular evidence suggested that this new progeroid syndrome represents a neomorphic phenotype caused by truncated transcripts with an extremely charged protein motif that escapes from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, altering FBN1-TGF beta signaling, rather than representing the severe end of the hypomorphic phenotype of the FBN1-TGF beta disorder spectrum. We propose that this marfanoid entity comprised of congenital lipodystrophy, a neonatal progeroid appearance, and a peculiar growth profile and caused by rare mutations in the penultimate exon of FBN1, be newly referred to as marfanoid-progeroid syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zufferey F, Hadj-Rabia S, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Dufier JL, Leheup B, Schweitze C, Bodemer C, Cormier-Daire V, Le Merrer M. Acro-osteolysis, keloid like-lesions, distinctive facial features, and overgrowth: Two newly recognized patients with premature aging syndrome, penttinen type. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1786-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flore Zufferey
- Université Paris Descartes, Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Centre de référence Maladies osseuses constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris; France
| | - Smaïl Hadj-Rabia
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre de référence des Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée; INSERMU781, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker-EnfantsMalades; Paris; France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Département de Génétique Médicale; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital La Timone Enfants et INSERM U910, Faculté de Médecine; Marseille; France
| | - Jean-Louis Dufier
- Service d'ophtalmologie; Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris; France
| | - Bruno Leheup
- Service de Médecine Infantile et Génétique Clinique; Pôle Enfants, CHU de Nancy et Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre les Nancy; France
| | - Cyril Schweitze
- Service de Médecine Infantile et Génétique Clinique; Pôle Enfants, CHU de Nancy et Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre les Nancy; France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre de référence des Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée; INSERMU781, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker-EnfantsMalades; Paris; France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université Paris Descartes, Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Centre de référence Maladies osseuses constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris; France
| | - Martine Le Merrer
- Université Paris Descartes, Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Centre de référence Maladies osseuses constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris; France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Akawi N, Ali B, Al Gazali L. A progeroid syndrome with neonatal presentation and long survival maps to 19p13.3p13.2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 97:456-62. [PMID: 23696134 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Akawi
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University; Al-Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam Ali
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University; Al-Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Lihadh Al Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University; Al-Ain United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wollnik B, Kornak U. Progeroide Erkrankungen und ihre Mechanismen: Eine Übersicht. MED GENET-BERLIN 2012; 24:253-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-012-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
Graul-neumann L, Hoffmann K, Robinson P, Horn D. Progeroide Variante eines Marfan-Syndroms: Eine neue Entität. MED GENET-BERLIN 2012; 24:279-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-012-0361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Schwere kongenitale Lipodystrophie, progeroide Fazies und variable Symptome eines Marfan-Syndroms stellen eine eigene Entität dar, nämlich eine Sonderform des Marfan-Syndroms mit einer trunkierenden Mutation am 3’-Ende des Fibrillin-1-Gens im vorletzten und letzten kodierenden Exon. Das mutierte Protein entgeht hochwahrscheinlich dem „nonsense mediated decay“ (NMD) und ruft dadurch offenbar diesen speziellen Phänotyp hervor. Es sind bislang erst 5 Fälle mit diesem Krankheitsbild publiziert worden; bei 3 dieser Patienten wurde das Krankheitsbild bisher molekulargenetisch bestätigt. Bei folgenden klinischen Zeichen sollte diese Diagnose berücksichtigt und abgeklärt werden: intrauterine Wachstumsretardierung, progeroide Fazies schon bei Geburt, vermindertes subkutanes Fettgewebe und variable Zeichen eines Marfan-Syndroms.
Collapse
|