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Vaz FM, Ferdinandusse S, Salomons GS, Wanders RJA. Disorders of fatty acid homeostasis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38693715 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans derive fatty acids (FA) from exogenous dietary sources and/or endogenous synthesis from acetyl-CoA, although some FA are solely derived from exogenous sources ("essential FA"). Once inside cells, FA may undergo a wide variety of different modifications, which include their activation to their corresponding CoA ester, the introduction of double bonds, the 2- and ω-hydroxylation and chain elongation, thereby generating a cellular FA pool which can be used for the synthesis of more complex lipids. The biological properties of complex lipids are very much determined by their molecular composition in terms of the FA incorporated into these lipid species. This immediately explains the existence of a range of genetic diseases in man, often with severe clinical consequences caused by variants in one of the many genes coding for enzymes responsible for these FA modifications. It is the purpose of this review to describe the current state of knowledge about FA homeostasis and the genetic diseases involved. This includes the disorders of FA activation, desaturation, 2- and ω-hydroxylation, and chain elongation, but also the disorders of FA breakdown, including disorders of peroxisomal and mitochondrial α- and β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Wangler MF, Lesko B, Dahal R, Jangam S, Bhadane P, Wilson TE, McPheron M, Miller MJ. Dicarboxylic acylcarnitine biomarkers in peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107680. [PMID: 37567036 PMCID: PMC10840807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome is an essential eukaryotic organelle with diverse metabolic functions. Inherited peroxisomal disorders are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes and are broadly divided into two classes, those impacting peroxisome biogenesis (PBD) and those impacting specific peroxisomal factors. Prior studies have indicated a role for acylcarnitine testing in the diagnosis of some peroxisomal diseases through the detection of long chain dicarboxylic acylcarnitine abnormalities (C16-DC and C18-DC). However, there remains limited independent corroboration of these initial findings and acylcarnitine testing for peroxisomal diseases has not been widely adopted in clinical laboratories. To explore the utility of acylcarnitine testing in the diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders we applied a LC-MS/MS acylcarnitine method to study a heterogenous clinical sample set (n = 598) that included residual plasma specimens from nineteen patients with PBD caused by PEX1 or PEX6 deficiency, ranging in severity from lethal neonatal onset to mild late onset forms. Multiple dicarboxylic acylcarnitines were significantly elevated in PBD patients including medium to long chain (C8-DC to C18-DC) species as well as previously undescribed elevations of malonylcarnitine (C3-DC) and very long chain dicarboxylic acylcarnitines (C20-DC and C22-DC). The best performing plasma acylcarnitine biomarkers, C20-DC and C22-DC, were detected at elevated levels in 100% and 68% of PBD patients but were rarely elevated in patients that did not have a PBD. We extended our analysis to residual newborn screening blood spot cards and were able to detect dicarboxylic acylcarnitine abnormalities in a newborn with a PBD caused by PEX6 deficiency. Similar to prior studies, we failed to detect substantial dicarboxylic acylcarnitine abnormalities in blood spot cards from patients with x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (x-ald) indicating that these biomarkers may have utility in quickly narrowing the differential diagnosis in patients with a positive newborn screen for x-ald. Overall, our study identifies widespread dicarboxylic acylcarnitine abnormalities in patients with PBD and highlights key acylcarnitine biomarkers for the detection of this class of inherited metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Barbara Lesko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Rejwi Dahal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Sharayu Jangam
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Pradnya Bhadane
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Theodore E Wilson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Molly McPheron
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Marcus J Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America.
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Schumann A, Schultheiss UT, Ferreira CR, Blau N. Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic diseases. XIV. Metabolic kidney diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107683. [PMID: 37597335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Kidney disease is a global health burden with high morbidity and mortality. Causes of kidney disease are numerous, extending from common disease groups like diabetes and arterial hypertension to rare conditions including inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). Given its unique anatomy and function, the kidney is a target organ in about 10% of known IMDs, emphasizing the relevant contribution of IMDs to kidney disease. The pattern of injury affects all segments of the nephron including glomerular disease, proximal and distal tubular damage, kidney cyst formation, built-up of nephrocalcinosis and stones as well as severe malformations. We revised and updated the list of known metabolic etiologies associated with kidney involvement and found 190 relevant IMDs. This represents the 14th of a series of educational articles providing a comprehensive and revised list of metabolic differential diagnoses according to system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schumann
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Kocherlakota S, Das Y, Swinkels D, Vanmunster M, Callens M, Vinckier S, Vaz FM, Sinha D, Van Veldhoven PP, Fransen M, Baes M. The murine retinal pigment epithelium requires peroxisomal β-oxidation to maintain lysosomal function and prevent dedifferentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301733120. [PMID: 37862382 PMCID: PMC10614831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301733120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells have to phagocytose shed photoreceptor outer segments (POS) on a daily basis over the lifetime of an organism, but the mechanisms involved in the digestion and recycling of POS lipids are poorly understood. Although it was frequently assumed that peroxisomes may play an essential role, this was never investigated. Here, we show that global as well as RPE-selective loss of peroxisomal β-oxidation in multifunctional protein 2 (MFP2) knockout mice impairs the digestive function of lysosomes in the RPE at a very early age, followed by RPE degeneration. This was accompanied by prolonged mammalian target of rapamycin activation, lipid deregulation, and mitochondrial structural anomalies without, however, causing oxidative stress or energy shortage. The RPE degeneration caused secondary photoreceptor death. Notably, the deterioration of the RPE did not occur in an Mfp2/rd1 mutant mouse line, characterized by absent POS shedding. Our findings prove that peroxisomal β-oxidation in the RPE is essential for handling the polyunsaturated fatty acids present in ingested POS and shed light on retinopathy in patients with peroxisomal disorders. Our data also have implications for gene therapy development as they highlight the importance of targeting the RPE in addition to the photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kocherlakota
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Yannick Das
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vanmunster
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Manon Callens
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Insituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven3000, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
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Swinkels D, Baes M. The essential role of docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives for retinal integrity. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108440. [PMID: 37201739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phospholipids diverges from other membranes, being highly enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), an omega-3 PUFA that amounts to over 50% of the POS phospholipid fatty acid side chains. Interestingly, DHA is the precursor of other bioactive lipids such as elongated PUFAs and oxygenated derivatives. In this review, we present the current view on metabolism, trafficking and function of DHA and very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in the retina. New insights on pathological features generated from PUFA deficient mouse models with enzyme or transporter defects and corresponding patients are discussed. Not only the neural retina, but also abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium are considered. Furthermore, the potential involvement of PUFAs in more common retinal degeneration diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are evaluated. Supplementation treatment strategies and their outcome are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Peperstraete K, Baes M, Swinkels D. Unexpected failure of rod bipolar cell targeting using L7Cre-2 mice. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109406. [PMID: 36740160 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing cell type-specific knockout mice has been an excellent tool for decades not only to explore the role of a gene in a specific cell, but also to unravel the underlying mechanism in diseases. To investigate the mechanistic association between dysfunction of the peroxisomal protein multifunctional protein 2 (MFP2) and retinopathy, we generated and phenotyped multiple transgenic mouse models with global or cell type-specific MFP2 deletion. These studies pointed to a potential role of MFP2 specifically in rod bipolar cells. To explore this, we aimed to create rod bipolar cell specific knockout mice of Mfp2 by crossing Mfp2L/L mice with L7Cre-2 mice (also known as PCP2Cre), generating L7-Mfp2-/- mice. L7Cre-2 mice express Cre recombinase under the control of the L7 promoter, which is believed to be exclusively expressed in rod bipolar cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Unexpectedly, only sporadic Cre activity was observed in the rod bipolar cells of L7-Mfp2-/- mice, despite efficient Cre recombination in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Moreover, a variable fraction of photoreceptors was targeted, which does not correspond with the supposed specificity of L7Cre-2 mice. These observations indicate that L7Cre-2 mice can be exploited to manipulate Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, whereas they cannot be used to generate rod bipolar cell specific knockout mice. For this aim, we suggest utilizing an independently generated mouse line named BAC-L7-IRES-Cre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Peperstraete
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Barnes-Vélez JA, Aksoy Yasar FB, Hu J. Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100360. [PMID: 36588745 PMCID: PMC9800635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator that electrically isolates nerve fibers across their myelinated surface. The most abundant lipids in myelin include cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and plasmalogens, each playing critical roles in myelin development as well as function. This review serves to summarize the role of lipid metabolism in myelination and myelin maintenance, as well as the molecular determinants of myelin lipid homeostasis, with an emphasis on findings from genetic models. In addition, the implications of myelin lipid dysmetabolism in human diseases are highlighted in the context of hereditary leukodystrophies and neuropathies as well as acquired disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Barnes-Vélez
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that play a central role in human physiology by catalyzing a range of unique metabolic functions. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is exemplified by the existence of a group of usually severe diseases caused by an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Among others these include the Zellweger spectrum disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. To fulfill their role in metabolism, peroxisomes require continued interaction with other subcellular organelles including lipid droplets, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. In recent years it has become clear that the metabolic alliance between peroxisomes and other organelles requires the active participation of tethering proteins to bring the organelles physically closer together, thereby achieving efficient transfer of metabolites. This review intends to describe the current state of knowledge about the metabolic role of peroxisomes in humans, with particular emphasis on the metabolic partnership between peroxisomes and other organelles and the consequences of genetic defects in these processes. We also describe the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the consequences of the multiple genetic defects therein. In addition, we discuss the functional role of peroxisomes in different organs and tissues and include relevant information derived from model systems, notably peroxisomal mouse models. Finally, we pay particular attention to a hitherto underrated role of peroxisomes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen CT, Shao Z, Fu Z. Dysfunctional peroxisomal lipid metabolisms and their ocular manifestations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982564. [PMID: 36187472 PMCID: PMC9524157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retina is rich in lipids and dyslipidemia causes retinal dysfunction and eye diseases. In retina, lipids are not only important membrane component in cells and organelles but also fuel substrates for energy production. However, our current knowledge of lipid processing in the retina are very limited. Peroxisomes play a critical role in lipid homeostasis and genetic disorders with peroxisomal dysfunction have different types of ocular complications. In this review, we focus on the role of peroxisomes in lipid metabolism, including degradation and detoxification of very-long-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, glyoxylate, and amino acids, as well as biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid, plasmalogen and bile acids. We also discuss the potential contributions of peroxisomal pathways to eye health and summarize the reported cases of ocular symptoms in patients with peroxisomal disorders, corresponding to each disrupted peroxisomal pathway. We also review the cross-talk between peroxisomes and other organelles such as lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck T. Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Shao
- Post-Graduate Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Genetics Program, North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhongjie Fu,
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Nowacki JC, Fields AM, Fu MM. Emerging cellular themes in leukodystrophies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902261. [PMID: 36003149 PMCID: PMC9393611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a broad spectrum of neurological disorders that are characterized primarily by deficiencies in myelin formation. Clinical manifestations of leukodystrophies usually appear during childhood and common symptoms include lack of motor coordination, difficulty with or loss of ambulation, issues with vision and/or hearing, cognitive decline, regression in speech skills, and even seizures. Many cases of leukodystrophy can be attributed to genetic mutations, but they have diverse inheritance patterns (e.g., autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked) and some arise from de novo mutations. In this review, we provide an updated overview of 35 types of leukodystrophies and focus on cellular mechanisms that may underlie these disorders. We find common themes in specialized functions in oligodendrocytes, which are specialized producers of membranes and myelin lipids. These mechanisms include myelin protein defects, lipid processing and peroxisome dysfunction, transcriptional and translational dysregulation, disruptions in cytoskeletal organization, and cell junction defects. In addition, non-cell-autonomous factors in astrocytes and microglia, such as autoimmune reactivity, and intercellular communication, may also play a role in leukodystrophy onset. We hope that highlighting these themes in cellular dysfunction in leukodystrophies may yield conceptual insights on future therapeutic approaches.
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Herman I, Calame DG. Clinical and Neuroimaging Features of Peroxisomal Disorders. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:75-77. [PMID: 34298577 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Herman
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Swinkels D, Das Y, Kocherlakota S, Vinckier S, Wever E, van Kampen AHC, Vaz FM, Baes M. Cell Type-Selective Loss of Peroxisomal β-Oxidation Impairs Bipolar Cell but Not Photoreceptor Survival in the Retina. Cells 2022; 11:161. [PMID: 35011723 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a common feature in peroxisomal disorders leading to blindness. Peroxisomes are present in the different cell types of the retina; however, their precise contribution to retinal integrity is still unclear. We previously showed that mice lacking the central peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme, multifunctional protein 2 (MFP2), develop an early onset retinal decay including photoreceptor cell death. To decipher the function of peroxisomal β-oxidation in photoreceptors, we generated cell type selective Mfp2 knockout mice, using the Crx promotor targeting photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Surprisingly, Crx-Mfp2−/− mice maintained photoreceptor length and number until the age of 1 year. A negative electroretinogram was indicative of preserved photoreceptor phototransduction, but impaired downstream bipolar cell signaling from the age of 6 months. The photoreceptor ribbon synapse was affected, containing free-floating ribbons and vesicles with altered size and density. The bipolar cell interneurons sprouted into the ONL and died. Whereas docosahexaenoic acid levels were normal in the neural retina, levels of lipids containing very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were highly increased. Crx-Pex5−/− mice, in which all peroxisomal functions are inactivated in photoreceptors and bipolar cells, developed the same phenotype as Crx-Mfp2−/− mice. In conclusion, the early photoreceptor death in global Mfp2−/− mice is not driven cell autonomously. However, peroxisomal β-oxidation is essential for the integrity of photoreceptor ribbon synapses and of bipolar cells.
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Lee J, Yergeau C, Kawai K, Braverman N, Géléoc GSG. A Retrospective Study of Hearing Loss in Patients Diagnosed with Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorders in the Zellweger Spectrum. Ear Hear 2022; 43:582-91. [PMID: 34534157 DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorders in the Zellweger Spectrum (PBD-ZSD) are autosomal recessive disorders characterized by defects in peroxisome function, biosynthesis, and/or assembly. Despite its frequent documentation, hearing loss associated with PBD-ZSD has not been extensively characterized. The purpose of this retrospective natural history study was to better characterize the hearing loss associated with PBD-ZSD and to provide additional insight into the evaluation and management of PBD-ZSD patients with hearing loss. DESIGN Audiological data from medical records of 42 patients with PBD-ZSD or D-bifunctional protein deficiency were collected from an ongoing longitudinal retrospective natural history study. An initial dataset of 300 audiograms and/or audiometric test results from the 42 patients were used to characterize the degree of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, relationships between air and bone conduction thresholds, age-related changes in hearing loss, and benefit with amplification. RESULTS The majority of PBD-ZSD patients in this study presented with moderately-severe to severe hearing loss and relatively slow rates of longitudinal changes in hearing sensitivity. Improvements in hearing thresholds were observed with use of hearing aid amplification. Though bone conduction data were limited, air-bone gaps and air conduction threshold fluctuations observed in several patients suggest there may be an increased occurrence of mixed hearing losses in PBD-ZSD populations. CONCLUSION The results of this retrospective study provide insight into the hearing loss associated with PBD-ZSD, but also emphasize the need for more complete assessments of hearing loss type and middle ear function in these patients. The addition of more comprehensive datasets to the ongoing natural history study will enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying PBD-ZSD and guide the development of targeted evaluation and management recommendations for patients with PBD-ZSD.
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Kumar P, Nerakh G, Katam P, Pratap Oleti T, Pawar S. A Floppy Infant with Facial Dysmorphism. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e45-e48. [PMID: 34970661 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-1-e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Kumar
- Department of Neonatology, Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gayatri Nerakh
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Genetics, Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Katam
- Department of Neonatology, Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tejo Pratap Oleti
- Department of Neonatology, Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Pawar
- Department of Neonatology, Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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15
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Come JH, Senter TJ, Clark MP, Court JJ, Gale-Day Z, Gu W, Krueger E, Liang J, Morris M, Nanthakumar S, O'Dowd H, Maltais F, Iyer G, Andreassi J, Boucher C, Considine T, Moody CS, Taylor W, Mohanty AK, Huang Y, Zuccola H, Coll J, Bonanno KC, Gagnon KJ, Gan L, Lu F, Gao H, Chakilam A, Engtrakul J, Song B, Crawford D, Doyle E, Kramer T, Vought B, Phillips J, Kemper R, Sanders M, Swett R, Furey B, Winquist R, Bunnage ME, Jackson KL, Charifson PS, Magavi SS. Discovery and Optimization of Pyrazole Amides as Inhibitors of ELOVL1. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17753-17776. [PMID: 34748351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) due to defects in ATP binding cassette protein D1 (ABCD1) is thought to underlie the pathologies observed in adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Pursuing a substrate reduction approach based on the inhibition of elongation of very long chain fatty acid 1 enzyme (ELOVL1), we explored a series of thiazole amides that evolved into compound 27─a highly potent, central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant compound with favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics. Compound 27 selectively inhibits ELOVL1, reducing C26:0 VLCFA synthesis in ALD patient fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and microglia. In mouse models of ALD, compound 27 treatment reduced C26:0 VLCFA concentrations to near-wild-type levels in blood and up to 65% in the brain, a disease-relevant tissue. Preclinical safety findings in the skin, eye, and CNS precluded progression; the origin and relevance of these findings require further study. ELOVL1 inhibition is an effective approach for normalizing VLCFAs in models of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon H Come
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Timothy J Senter
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael P Clark
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John J Court
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Zachary Gale-Day
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Wenxin Gu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Elaine Krueger
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jianglin Liang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark Morris
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Suganthini Nanthakumar
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Hardwin O'Dowd
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Francois Maltais
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ganesh Iyer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John Andreassi
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christina Boucher
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tony Considine
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Cameron S Moody
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - William Taylor
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Arun K Mohanty
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Yulin Huang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Harmon Zuccola
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Joyce Coll
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kenneth C Bonanno
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kevin J Gagnon
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Lu Gan
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Fan Lu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ananthisrinivas Chakilam
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Juntyma Engtrakul
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Bin Song
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Dan Crawford
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Elisabeth Doyle
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tal Kramer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Bryan Vought
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Raymond Kemper
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Martin Sanders
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Rebecca Swett
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brinley Furey
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ray Winquist
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark E Bunnage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Katrina L Jackson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Paul S Charifson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Sanjay S Magavi
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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16
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Yamamoto A, Fukumura S, Habata Y, Miyamoto S, Nakashima M, Takashima S, Kawasaki Y, Shimozawa N, Saitsu H. Novel HSD17B4 Variants Cause Progressive Leukodystrophy in Childhood: Case Report and Literature Review. Child Neurol Open 2021; 8:2329048X211048613. [PMID: 34660840 PMCID: PMC8512218 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x211048613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
D-bifunctional protein (DBP) deficiency is a peroxisomal disorder with a high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity. Some patients with DBP deficiency develop progressive leukodystrophy in childhood. We report a 6-year-old boy with moderate hearing loss who presented with developmental regression. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated progressive leukodystrophy. However, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in the plasma were at normal levels. Whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in HSD17B4 (NM_000414.3:c.[350A > T];[394C > T], p.[[Asp117Val]];[[Arg132Trp]]). The c.394C > T variant has been identified in patients with DBP deficiency and is classified as likely pathogenic, while the c.350A > T variant was novel and classified as uncertain significance. Although one of the two variants was classified as uncertain significance, an accumulation of phytanic and pristanic acids was identified in the patient, confirming type III DBP deficiency. DBP deficiency should be considered as a diagnosis in children with progressive leukodystrophy and hearing loss even if VLCFAs are within normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Yamamoto
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yumi Habata
- Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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17
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Yang SM, Cao CD, Ding Y, Wang MJ, Yue SJ. D-bifunctional protein deficiency caused by HSD17B4 gene mutation in a neonate. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2021; 23:1058-1063. [PMID: 34719423 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 15-day-old boy was admitted to the hospital due to repeated convulsions for 14 days. The main clinical manifestations were uncontrolled seizures, hypoergia, feeding difficulties, limb hypotonia, and bilateral hearing impairment. Clinical neurophysiology showed reduced brainstem auditory evoked potential on both sides and burst-suppression pattern on electroencephalogram. Measurement of very-long-chain fatty acids in serum showed that C26:0 was significantly increased. Genetic testing showed a pathogenic compound heterozygous mutation, c.101C>T(p.Ala34Val) and c.1448_1460del(p.Ala483Aspfs*37), in the HSD17B4 gene. This article reports a case of D-bifunctional protein deficiency caused by HSD17B4 gene mutation and summarizes the epidemiological and clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, with a focus on the differential diagnosis of this disease from Ohtahara syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Yue S-J, )
| | - Chuan-Ding Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Yue S-J, )
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Yue S-J, )
| | - Ming-Jie Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Yue S-J, )
| | - Shao-Jie Yue
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Yue S-J, )
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18
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Gonzalez-Latapi P, Sousa M, Lang AE. Movement Disorders Associated with Hypogonadism. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:997-1011. [PMID: 34631935 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of movement disorders can be associated with hypogonadism. Identification of this association may aid in guiding workup and reaching an accurate diagnosis. We conducted a comprehensive and structured search to identify the most common movement disorders associated with hypogonadism. Only Case Reports and Case Series articles were included. Ataxia was the most common movement disorder associated with hypogonadism, including entities such as Gordon-Holmes syndrome, Boucher-Neuhäuser, Marinesco-Sjögren and Perrault syndrome. Tremor was also commonly described, particularly with aneuploidies such as Klinefelter syndrome and Jacob's syndrome. Other rare conditions including mitochondrial disorders and Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome are associated with dystonia and parkinsonism and either hypo or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. We also highlight those entities where a combination of movement disorders is present. Hypogonadism may be more commonly associated with movement disorders than previously appreciated. It is important for the clinician to be aware of this association, as well as accompanying symptoms in order to reach a precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mario Sousa
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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19
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Werner KM, Cox AJ, Qian E, Jain P, Ji W, Tikhonova I, Castaldi C, Bilguvar K, Knight J, Ferdinandusse S, Fawaz R, Jiang YH, Gallagher PG, Bizzarro M, Gruen JR, Bale A, Zhang H. D-bifunctional protein deficiency caused by splicing variants in a neonate with severe peroxisomal dysfunction and persistent hypoglycemia. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:357-363. [PMID: 34623748 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
D-bifunctional protein (DBP) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive peroxisomal enzyme deficiency resulting in a high burden of morbidity and early mortality. Patients with DBP deficiency resemble those with a severe Zellweger phenotype, with neonatal hypotonia, seizures, craniofacial dysmorphisms, psychomotor delay, deafness, blindness, and death typically within the first 2 years of life, although patients with residual enzyme function can survive longer. The clinical severity of the disease depends on the degree of enzyme deficiency. Loss-of-function variants typically result in no residual enzyme activity; however, splice variants may result in protein with residual function. We describe a full-term newborn presenting with hypotonia, seizures, and unexplained hypoglycemia, who was later found to have rickets at follow up. Rapid whole genome sequencing identified two HSD17B4 variants in trans; one likely pathogenic variant and one variant of uncertain significance (VUS) located in the polypyrimidine tract of intron 13. To determine the functional consequence of the VUS, we analyzed RNA from the patient's father with RNA-seq which showed skipping of Exon 14, resulting in a frameshift mutation three amino acids from the new reading frame. This RNA-seq analysis was correlated with virtually absent enzyme activity, elevated very-long-chain fatty acids in fibroblasts, and a clinically severe phenotype. Both variants are reclassified as pathogenic. Due to the clinical spectrum of DBP deficiency, this provides important prognostic information, including early mortality. Furthermore, we add persistent hypoglycemia to the clinical spectrum of the disease, and advocate for the early management of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies to reduce complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Werner
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Allison J Cox
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,PreventionGenetics LLC, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily Qian
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Preti Jain
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Sema4, Stanford, CT, USA
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irina Tikhonova
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher Castaldi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James Knight
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rima Fawaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patrick G Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew Bizzarro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Gruen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Allen Bale
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Trinh TT, Blasco H, Maillot F, Bakhos D. Hearing loss in inherited metabolic disorders: A systematic review. Metabolism 2021; 122:154841. [PMID: 34333001 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) have been observed in individuals with hearing loss (HL), but IMDs are rarely the cause of syndromic HL. With early diagnosis, management of HL is more effective and cortical reorganization is possible with hearing aids or cochlear implants. This review describes relationships between IMDs and HL in terms of incidence, etiology of HL, pathophysiology, and treatment. Forty types of IMDs are described in the literature, mainly in case reports. Management and prognosis are noted where existing. We also describe IMDs with HL given age of occurrence of HL. Reviewing the main IMDs that are associated with HL may provide an additional clinical tool with which to better diagnose syndromic HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-T Trinh
- CHRU de Tours, service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Tours, France.
| | - H Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; INSERM U1253, Tours, France
| | - F Maillot
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; INSERM U1253, Tours, France; CHU de Tours, service de Médecine Interne, Tours, France
| | - D Bakhos
- CHRU de Tours, service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; INSERM U1253, Tours, France
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21
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Andrés‐Benito P, Gelpi E, Jové M, Mota‐Martorell N, Obis È, Portero‐Otin M, Povedano M, Pujol A, Pamplona R, Ferrer I. Lipid alterations in human frontal cortex in ALS-FTLD-TDP43 proteinopathy spectrum are partly related to peroxisome impairment. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:544-563. [PMID: 33332650 PMCID: PMC8248144 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Peroxisomes play a key role in lipid metabolism, and peroxisome defects have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as X-adrenoleukodystrophy and Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to elucidate the contribution of peroxisomes in lipid alterations of area 8 of the frontal cortex in the spectrum of TDP43-proteinopathies. Cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP43 (FTLD-TDP), manifested as sporadic (sFTLD-TDP) or linked to mutations in various genes including expansions of the non-coding region of C9ORF72 (c9FTLD), and of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) as the most common TDP43 proteinopathies, were analysed. METHODS We used transcriptomics and lipidomics methods to define the steady-state levels of gene expression and lipid profiles. RESULTS Our results show alterations in gene expression of some components of peroxisomes and related lipid pathways in frontal cortex area 8 in sALS, sFTLD-TDP and c9FTLD. Additionally, we identify a lipidomic pattern associated with the ALS-FTLD-TDP43 proteinopathy spectrum, notably characterised by down-regulation of ether lipids and acylcarnitine among other lipid species, as well as alterations in the lipidome of each phenotype of TDP43 proteinopathy, which reveals commonalities and disease-dependent differences in lipid composition. CONCLUSION Globally, lipid alterations in the human frontal cortex of the ALS-FTLD-TDP43 proteinopathy spectrum, which involve cell membrane composition and signalling, vulnerability against cellular stress and possible glucose metabolism, are partly related to peroxisome impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés‐Benito
- NeuropathologyBellvitge University Hospital‐Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELLHospitalet de Llobregat, BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative DiseasesInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMinistry of Economy and CompetitivenessMadridSpain
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALSUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc‐Hospital Clínic‐Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Lleida ‐ Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL‐IRBLleidaLleidaSpain
| | - Natalia Mota‐Martorell
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Lleida ‐ Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL‐IRBLleidaLleidaSpain
| | - Èlia Obis
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Lleida ‐ Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL‐IRBLleidaLleidaSpain
| | - Manuel Portero‐Otin
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Lleida ‐ Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL‐IRBLleidaLleidaSpain
| | - Mònica Povedano
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALSUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELAService of NeurologyBellvitge University HospitalHospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREABarcelonaSpain
- Neurometabolic Diseases LaboratoryBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteHospital Duran i ReynalsHospitalet de Llobregat, BarcelonaSpain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERERInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Lleida ‐ Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL‐IRBLleidaLleidaSpain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- NeuropathologyBellvitge University Hospital‐Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELLHospitalet de Llobregat, BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative DiseasesInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMinistry of Economy and CompetitivenessMadridSpain
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALSUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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22
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Das Y, Swinkels D, Baes M. Peroxisomal Disorders and Their Mouse Models Point to Essential Roles of Peroxisomes for Retinal Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084101. [PMID: 33921065 PMCID: PMC8071455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are multifunctional organelles, well known for their role in cellular lipid homeostasis. Their importance is highlighted by the life-threatening diseases caused by peroxisomal dysfunction. Importantly, most patients suffering from peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, even those with a milder disease course, present with a number of ocular symptoms, including retinopathy. Patients with a selective defect in either peroxisomal α- or β-oxidation or ether lipid synthesis also suffer from vision problems. In this review, we thoroughly discuss the ophthalmological pathology in peroxisomal disorder patients and, where possible, the corresponding animal models, with a special emphasis on the retina. In addition, we attempt to link the observed retinal phenotype to the underlying biochemical alterations. It appears that the retinal pathology is highly variable and the lack of histopathological descriptions in patients hampers the translation of the findings in the mouse models. Furthermore, it becomes clear that there are still large gaps in the current knowledge on the contribution of the different metabolic disturbances to the retinopathy, but branched chain fatty acid accumulation and impaired retinal PUFA homeostasis are likely important factors.
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Das Y, Swinkels D, Kocherlakota S, Vinckier S, Vaz FM, Wever E, van Kampen AHC, Jun B, Do KV, Moons L, Bazan NG, Van Veldhoven PP, Baes M. Peroxisomal Multifunctional Protein 2 Deficiency Perturbs Lipid Homeostasis in the Retina and Causes Visual Dysfunction in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632930. [PMID: 33604342 PMCID: PMC7884615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients lacking multifunctional protein 2 (MFP2), the central enzyme of the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway, develop retinopathy. This pathway is involved in the metabolism of very long chain (VLCFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids, which are enriched in the photoreceptor outer segments (POS). The molecular mechanisms underlying the retinopathy remain, however, elusive. Here, we report that mice with MFP2 inactivation display decreased retinal function already at the age of 3 weeks, which is accompanied by a profound shortening of the photoreceptor outer and inner segments, but with preserved photoreceptor ultrastructure. Furthermore, MFP2 deficient retinas exhibit severe changes in gene expression with downregulation of genes involved in the phototransduction pathway and upregulation of inflammation related genes. Lipid profiling of the mutant retinas revealed a profound reduction of DHA-containing phospholipids. This was likely due to a hampered systemic supply and retinal traffic of this PUFA, although we cannot exclude that the local defect of peroxisomal β-oxidation contributes to this DHA decrease. Moreover, very long chain PUFAs were also reduced, with the exception of those containing ≥ 34 carbons that accumulated. The latter suggests that there is an uncontrollable elongation of retinal PUFAs. In conclusion, our data reveal that intact peroxisomal β-oxidation is indispensable for retinal integrity, most likely by maintaining PUFA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Das
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sai Kocherlakota
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Wever
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Khanh V Do
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lieve Moons
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Arora V, Bijarnia-Mahay S, Dubey S, Saxena R. Eyes See what the Mind Knows: Clues to Pattern Recognition in Single Enzyme Deficiency-Related Peroxisomal Disorders. Mol Syndromol 2021; 11:309-314. [PMID: 33510602 DOI: 10.1159/000510480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal disorders are a heterogeneous group of inborn errors of metabolism that result in impaired function of the peroxisome. Within this, single enzyme deficiencies are known to cause a constellation of symptoms not very different from the peroxisome biogenesis defects. Thus, there is a need to identify features that differentiate the two. We present 3 molecularly confirmed families: 1 with Acyl CoA oxidase deficiency and 2 with D-bifunctional protein deficiency. The clinical, biochemical, and radiological features of these patients have been discussed. We attempt to highlight the overlap in facial features as well as strikingly similar MRI findings of cerebellar atrophy and white matter hyperintensities. This unique clinical profile will not only help in reaching a quick diagnosis, but in this era of variants of uncertain significance, it will prove as supporting evidence. Finally, we expand the genotypic spectrum with a description of 3 homozygous novel mutations (HSD17B4: c.670C>T, c.1807T>C; ACOX1: 1.03-kb exonic deletion) and discuss the role of protein modeling its establishing pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Arora
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Bijarnia-Mahay
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhisha Dubey
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Deb R, Joshi N, Nagotu S. Peroxisomes of the Brain: Distribution, Functions, and Associated Diseases. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:986-1006. [PMID: 33400183 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are versatile cell organelles that exhibit a repertoire of organism and cell-type dependent functions. The presence of oxidases and antioxidant enzymes is a characteristic feature of these organelles. The role of peroxisomes in various cell types in human health and disease is under investigation. Defects in the biogenesis of the organelle and its function lead to severe debilitating disorders. In this manuscript, we discuss the distribution and functions of peroxisomes in the nervous system and especially in the brain cells. The important peroxisomal functions in these cells and their role in the pathology of associated disorders such as neurodegeneration are highlighted in recent studies. Although the cause of the pathogenesis of these disorders is still not clearly understood, emerging evidence supports a crucial role of peroxisomes. In this review, we discuss research highlighting the role of peroxisomes in brain development and its function. We also provide an overview of the major findings in recent years that highlight the role of peroxisome dysfunction in various associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Neha Joshi
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Chen S, Du L, Lei Y, Lin Y, Chen S, Liu Y. Two Novel HSD17B4 Heterozygous Mutations in Association With D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:679597. [PMID: 34368026 PMCID: PMC8342883 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.679597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: D-Bifunctional protein deficiency (D-BPD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by peroxisomal β-oxidation defects. According to the different activities of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase protein units, D-bifunctional protein defects can be divided into four types. The typical symptoms include hypotonia and seizures. The gene that encodes D-BP was HSD17B4, which is located in chromosome 5q23.1. Case Presentation: We report the first case of D-BPD in a Chinese patient with neonatal onset. Cosmetic malformations, severe hypotonia and seizures are prominent. The blood bile acid profile showed increased taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) revealed significant increases in hexacosanoic acid (C26:0), tetracosanoic acid/docosanoic acid (C24:0/C22:0), and hexacosanoic acid/docosanoic acid (C26:0/C22:0). Cranial MRI revealed bilateral hemispheric and callosal dysplasia, with schizencephaly in the right hemisphere. EEG showed loss of sleep-wake cycle and epileptiform discharge. Other examinations include abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and temporal pigmented spots on the optic disc in the right eye. After analysis by whole-exome sequencing, heterozygous c.972+1G>T in the paternal allele and c.727T>A (p.W243R) in the maternal allele were discovered. He was treated with respiratory support, formula nasogastric feeding, and antiepileptic therapy during hospitalization and died at home due to food refusal and respiratory failure at the age of 5 months. Conclusions: Whole-exome sequencing should be performed in time to confirm the diagnosis when the newborn presents hypotonia, seizures, and associated cosmetic malformations. There is still a lack of effective radical treatment. Supportive care is the main treatment, aiming at controlling symptoms of central nervous system like seizures and improving nutrition and growth. The disease has a poor outcome, and infants often die of respiratory failure within 2 years of age. In addition, heterozygous deletion variant c.972+1G>T and missense mutations c.727T>A (p.W243R) are newly discovered pathogenic variants that deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linrun Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihui Lei
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Bae EY, Yi Y, Lim HH, Lee JM, Lee B, Kim SY, Kim YM. First Case of Peroxisomal D-bifunctional Protein Deficiency with Novel HSD17B4 Mutations and Progressive Neuropathy in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e357. [PMID: 33045774 PMCID: PMC7550233 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal D-bifunctional protein (DBP), encoded by the HSD17B4 gene, catalyzes β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). The deficiency of this peroxisomal enzyme leads to the accumulation of VLCFAs, causing multisystemic manifestations including the brain, retina, adrenal gland, hearing, and skeletal system. Herein, we report the first Korean neonatal case of peroxisomal DBP deficiency and the clinical prognosis over 2 years. This patient showed craniofacial dysmorphism, club foot, and seizures with cyanosis one day after birth. Elevated VLCFAs levels were indicative of a peroxisomal disorder. Targeted exome sequencing was performed and two missense mutations p.Asp117Val and p.Phe279Ser in the HSD17B4 gene were identified. The patient had type III DBP deficiency; therefore, docosahexaenoic acid and non-soluble vitamins were administered. However, progressive nystagmus, optic nerve atrophy, and bilateral hearing defects were observed and follow-up brain imaging revealed leukodystrophy and brain atrophy. Multiple anti-epileptic drugs were required to control the seizures. Over two years, the patient achieved normal growth with home ventilation and tube feeding. Hereby, the subject's parents had support during the second pregnancy from the proven molecular information. Moreover, targeted exome sequencing is an effective diagnostic approach, considering genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Hyuk Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiwon M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bongjin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea.
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Stradomska TJ, Syczewska M, Jamroz E, Pleskaczyńska A, Kruczek P, Ciara E, Tylki-Szymanska A. Serum very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) levels as predictive biomarkers of diseases severity and probability of survival in peroxisomal disorders. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238796. [PMID: 32946460 PMCID: PMC7500652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal disorders (PD) are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases caused by a defect in peroxisome biogenesis or a disruption of a peroxisomal function at a single enzyme or at transporter level. The main biochemical markers for PD are very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation of basic diagnostic parameter, i.e. VLCFA, with disease severity, determined through the survival time. We performed a retrospective study in patients with PD (n = 31; aged 1 week—21 years). Evaluation of VLCFA results from patients were as follows: 15 patients with classical Zellweger syndrome (ZS), 3 patients with mild outcome of ZS, 9 individuals with D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency (DBP), and no specified results in the case of 4 patients. Patients with classical ZS had higher VLCFA levels, compared to individuals with mild form of ZS and also to patients with DBP; for C26:0/C22:0: 0.65±0.18; 0.11±0.09; 0.30±0.13 (P < 0.001) and for C26:0: 5.20±1.78; 0.76±0.46; 2.61±0.97[mg/mL] (P < 0.001) respectively. The only variable parameter, i.e. the one that determines the survival time of patients, was C26:0 (Chi2 = 19,311, P < 0.0001). Correlation coefficient between survival time and C26:0 level was statistically significant (r = -0.762), and the results showed that high levels of C26:0 were associated with short survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Joanna Stradomska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology & Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Małgorzata Syczewska
- Department of Pediatrics Rehabilitation, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jamroz
- Department of Pediatric and Neurology of Developmental Age, Clinical Hospital No. 6 of Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Pleskaczyńska
- Department of Neonatology, Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kruczek
- Department of Neonatal Pathology and Intensive Care Unit, University Children’s Hospital of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymanska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Oegema R, Barakat TS, Wilke M, Stouffs K, Amrom D, Aronica E, Bahi-Buisson N, Conti V, Fry AE, Geis T, Andres DG, Parrini E, Pogledic I, Said E, Soler D, Valor LM, Zaki MS, Mirzaa G, Dobyns WB, Reiner O, Guerrini R, Pilz DT, Hehr U, Leventer RJ, Jansen AC, Mancini GMS, Di Donato N. International consensus recommendations on the diagnostic work-up for malformations of cortical development. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:618-35. [PMID: 32895508 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that result from abnormal development of the cerebral cortex in utero. MCDs place a substantial burden on affected individuals, their families and societies worldwide, as these individuals can experience lifelong drug-resistant epilepsy, cerebral palsy, feeding difficulties, intellectual disability and other neurological and behavioural anomalies. The diagnostic pathway for MCDs is complex owing to wide variations in presentation and aetiology, thereby hampering timely and adequate management. In this article, the international MCD network Neuro-MIG provides consensus recommendations to aid both expert and non-expert clinicians in the diagnostic work-up of MCDs with the aim of improving patient management worldwide. We reviewed the literature on clinical presentation, aetiology and diagnostic approaches for the main MCD subtypes and collected data on current practices and recommendations from clinicians and diagnostic laboratories within Neuro-MIG. We reached consensus by 42 professionals from 20 countries, using expert discussions and a Delphi consensus process. We present a diagnostic workflow that can be applied to any individual with MCD and a comprehensive list of MCD-related genes with their associated phenotypes. The workflow is designed to maximize the diagnostic yield and increase the number of patients receiving personalized care and counselling on prognosis and recurrence risk.
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Landau YE, Heimer G, Barel O, Shalva N, Marek-Yagel D, Veber A, Javasky E, Shilon A, Nissenkorn A, Ben-Zeev B, Anikster Y. Four patients with D-bifunctional protein (DBP) deficiency: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of a highly variable disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100631. [PMID: 32904102 PMCID: PMC7451421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peroxisomal D-bifunctional protein (DBP) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder historically described as a Zellweger-like syndrome comprising neonatal seizures, retinopathy, hearing loss, dysmorphic features, and other complications. The HSD17B4 gene encodes DBP which is essential for oxidation of peroxisomal substrates. We describe 4 patients - 2 unrelated female girls and 2 monozygotic twin sisters - with DBP deficiency and phenotypic diversity. Patient reports Patient 1 presented neonatally with hypotonia and seizures, and later on developed global developmental delay and regression, sensorineural hearing loss, nystagmus and cortical blindness. The brain MRI demonstrated bilateral peri-sylvian polymicrogyria. Whole exome sequencing revealed 2 mutations in the HSD17B4 gene (c.752G>A, p.(Arg251Gln); c.868 + 1delG).Patient 2 presented with hypotonia, motor delay, and sensorineural hearing loss in infancy, considerable developmental regression during her fourth year, nystagmus, and peripheral neuropathy. Brain MRI demonstrated cerebellar atrophy and abnormal basal ganglia and white matter signal, which appeared after the age of two years. Whole exome sequencing revealed 2 mutations in the HSD17B4 gene (c.14 T>G, p.(Leu5Arg); c.752G>A, p.(Arg251Gln)).Patients 3 and 4, two female monozygotic twins, presented with hypotonia, developmental delay, and macrocephaly from birth, and later on also sensorineural hearing loss, infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia, and adrenal insufficiency. Brain MRI demonstrated delayed myelination, and an assay of peroxisomal beta oxidation suggested DBP deficiency. Sequencing of the HSD17B4 gene revealed the same 2 mutations as in patient 1. Discussion We describe 4 patients with variable and diverse clinical picture of DBP deficiency and particularly emphasize the clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging characteristics. Interestingly, the clinical phenotype varied even between patients with the exact two mutations in the HSD17B4 gene. In addition, in two of the three patients in whom levels of VLCFA including phytanic acid were measured, the levels were within normal limits. This is expanding further the clinical spectrum of this disorder, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every patient with hypotonia and developmental delay especially if accompanied by polymicrogyria, seizures, sensorineural hearing loss, or adrenal insufficiency regardless of their VLCFA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval E Landau
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gali Heimer
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,The Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Ha Shomer, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nechama Shalva
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dina Marek-Yagel
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Alvit Veber
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Elisheva Javasky
- Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Aya Shilon
- The Child Development Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Andreea Nissenkorn
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yair Anikster
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Chapel-Crespo CC, Villalba R, Wang R, Boyer M, Chang R, Waterham HR, Abdenur JE. Primary adrenal insufficiency in two siblings with D-bifunctional protein deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 24:100608. [PMID: 32528852 PMCID: PMC7280558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristel C Chapel-Crespo
- CHOC Children's, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, USA.,University of California, Irvine, Department of Pediatrics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Raymond Wang
- CHOC Children's, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, USA.,University of California, Irvine, Department of Pediatrics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Monica Boyer
- CHOC Children's, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, USA.,University of California, Irvine, Department of Pediatrics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard Chang
- CHOC Children's, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, USA.,University of California, Irvine, Department of Pediatrics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jose E Abdenur
- CHOC Children's, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, USA.,University of California, Irvine, Department of Pediatrics, Irvine, CA, USA
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Matsuda Y, Morino H, Miyamoto R, Kurashige T, Kume K, Mizuno N, Kanaya Y, Tada Y, Ohsawa R, Yokota K, Shimozawa N, Maruyama H, Kawakami H. Biallelic mutation of HSD17B4 induces middle age-onset spinocerebellar ataxia. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:e396. [PMID: 32042923 PMCID: PMC6975179 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the genetic underpinnings of slowly progressive spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive (SCAR), we performed exome analysis and examined the relationship between clinical severity and functional change induced by the mutation. Methods Homozygosity fingerprinting and exome sequencing were performed to identify causative mutations in 2 consanguineous families. We assessed the expression of D-bifunctional protein (DBP) and the amount of dimerized DBP in fibroblasts by immunoblot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The pathogenicity of the mutation was evaluated using the Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion (CADD) scores; these results were compared with the scores of previously reported mutations. Results We identified a homozygous mutation as causative of middle age–onset SCAR: p.Ala175Thr, which is located in HSD17B4 that encodes peroxisomal DBP. The patients developed cerebellar ataxia, and the subsequent progression was slow. The symptoms presented were milder than those in previously reported cases. The messenger RNA expression levels were normal, but protein levels were diminished. Dimerization of DBP was also reduced. The CADD score of the identified mutation was lower than those of previously reported mutations. Conclusions This is the report of middle age–onset DBP deficiency. Residual functional DBP caused relatively mild symptoms in the affected patients, i.e., slowly progressive ataxia and hearing loss. This study broadens the scope of DBP deficiency phenotypes and indicates that CADD scores may be used to estimate the severity of DBP deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuda
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kodai Kume
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kanaya
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yui Tada
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ohsawa
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yokota
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., H. Morino, K.K., Y.K., Y.T., R.O., H.K.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.M.), Tokyo; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.M.), Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokushima University; the Department of Neurology (T.K.), National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center; the Department of Periodontal Medicine (N.M.), Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University; the Department of Plastic Surgery (K.Y.), Hiroshima University Hospital; the Division of Genomics Research (N.S.), Life Science Research Center, Gifu University; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics (H. Maruyama), Hiroshima University, Japan
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Wanders RJA, Vaz FM, Waterham HR, Ferdinandusse S. Fatty Acid Oxidation in Peroxisomes: Enzymology, Metabolic Crosstalk with Other Organelles and Peroxisomal Disorders. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1299:55-70. [PMID: 33417207 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes play a central role in metabolism as exemplified by the fact that many genetic disorders in humans have been identified through the years in which there is an impairment in one or more of these peroxisomal functions, in most cases associated with severe clinical signs and symptoms. One of the key functions of peroxisomes is the β-oxidation of fatty acids which differs from the oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria in many respects which includes the different substrate specificities of the two organelles. Whereas mitochondria are the main site of oxidation of medium-and long-chain fatty acids, peroxisomes catalyse the β-oxidation of a distinct set of fatty acids, including very-long-chain fatty acids, pristanic acid and the bile acid intermediates di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acid. Peroxisomes require the functional alliance with multiple subcellular organelles to fulfil their role in metabolism. Indeed, peroxisomes require the functional interaction with lysosomes, lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, since these organelles provide the substrates oxidized in peroxisomes. On the other hand, since peroxisomes lack a citric acid cycle as well as respiratory chain, oxidation of the end-products of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation notably acetyl-CoA, and different medium-chain acyl-CoAs, to CO2 and H2O can only occur in mitochondria. The same is true for the reoxidation of NADH back to NAD+. There is increasing evidence that these interactions between organelles are mediated by tethering proteins which bring organelles together in order to allow effective exchange of metabolites. It is the purpose of this review to describe the current state of knowledge about the role of peroxisomes in fatty acid oxidation, the transport of metabolites across the peroxisomal membrane, its functional interaction with other subcellular organelles and the disorders of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation identified so far in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Emma Children's hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Emma Children's hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Emma Children's hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Emma Children's hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schiller S, Rosewich H, Grünewald S, Gärtner J. Inborn errors of metabolism leading to neuronal migration defects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:145-155. [PMID: 31747049 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development and organisation of the human brain start in the embryonic stage and is a highly complex orchestrated process. It depends on series of cellular mechanisms that are precisely regulated by multiple proteins, signalling pathways and non-protein-coding genes. A crucial process during cerebral cortex development is the migration of nascent neuronal cells to their appropriate positions and their associated differentiation into layer-specific neurons. Neuronal migration defects (NMD) comprise a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders including monogenetic disorders and residual syndromes due to damaging factors during prenatal development like infections, maternal diabetes mellitus or phenylketonuria, trauma, and drug use. Multifactorial causes are also possible. Classification into lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, and neuronal heterotopia is based on the visible morphologic cortex anomalies. Characteristic clinical features of NMDs are severe psychomotor developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, intractable epilepsy, and dysmorphisms. Neurometabolic disorders only form a small subgroup within the large group of NMDs. The prototypes are peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, peroxisomal ß-oxidation defects and congenital disorders of O-glycosylation. The rapid evolution of biotechnology has resulted in an ongoing identification of metabolic and non-metabolic disease genes for NMDs. Nevertheless, we are far away from understanding the specific role of cortical genes and metabolites on spatial and temporal regulation of human cortex development and associated malformations. This limited understanding of the pathogenesis hinders the attempt for therapeutic approaches. In this article, we provide an overview of the most important cortical malformations and potential underlying neurometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Schiller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rosewich
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grünewald
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Ahmad S, Ullah F, Ayaz M, Ahmad A, Sadiq A, Mohani SNUH. Nutritional and medicinal aspects of Rumex hastatus D. Don along with in vitro anti-diabetic activity. International Journal of Food Properties 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1666868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science & Technology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science & Technology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan
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Berendse K, Koot BGP, Klouwer FCC, Engelen M, Roels F, Lacle MM, Nikkels PGJ, Verheij J, Poll-The BT. Hepatic symptoms and histology in 13 patients with a Zellweger spectrum disorder. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:955-965. [PMID: 31150129 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with a Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) have a defect in the assembly or maintenance of peroxisomes, leading to a multisystem disease with variable outcome. Liver disease is an important feature in patients with severe and milder phenotypes and a frequent cause of death. However, the course and histology of liver disease in ZSD patients are ill-defined. We reviewed the hepatic symptoms and histological findings of 13 patients with a ZSD in which one or several liver biopsies have been performed (patient age 0.2-39 years). All patients had at least some histological liver abnormalities, ranging from minor fibrosis to cirrhosis. Five patients demonstrated significant disease progression with liver failure and early death. In others, liver-related symptoms were absent, although some still silently developed cirrhosis. Patients with peroxisomal mosaicism had a better prognosis. In addition, we show that patients are at risk to develop a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as one patient developed a HCC at the age of 36 years and one patient a precancerous lesion at the age of 18 years. Thus, regular examination to detect fibrosis or cirrhosis should be included in the standard care of ZSD patients. In case of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis expert consultation and HCC screening should be initiated. This study further delineates the spectrum and significance of liver involvement in ZSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Berendse
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart G P Koot
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke C C Klouwer
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Roels
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miangela M Lacle
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G J Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Cui G, Wang Y, Gong Y, Wang Y. SIRT1 activation alleviates brain microvascular endothelial dysfunction in peroxisomal disorders. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:995-1005. [PMID: 31257461 PMCID: PMC6657955 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal disorders are genetically heterogeneous metabolic disorders associated with a deficit of very long chain fatty acid β-oxidation that commonly manifest as early-onset neurodegeneration. Brain microvascular endothelial dysfunction with increased permeability to monocytes has been described in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, one of the most common peroxisomal disorders caused by mutations of the ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1 (ABCD1) gene. The present study demonstrated that dysregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) mediates changes in adhesion molecules and tight-junction protein expression, as well as increased adhesion to monocytes associated with peroxisomal dysfunction due to ABCD1 or hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 4 silencing. Furthermore, enhancement of the function of SIRT1 by resve-ratrol attenuated this molecular and functional dysregulation of HBMECs via modulation of the nuclear factor-κB and Krüppel-like factor 4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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Hiltunen JK, Kastaniotis AJ, Autio KJ, Jiang G, Chen Z, Glumoff T. 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as acyl thioester metabolizing enzymes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:107-118. [PMID: 30508570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD17B) catalyze the oxidation/reduction of 17β-hydroxy/keto group in position C17 in C18- and C19 steroids. Most HSD17Bs are also catalytically active with substrates other than steroids. A subset of these enzymes is able to process thioesters of carboxylic acids. This group of enzymes includes HSD17B4, HSD17B8, HSD17B10 and HSD17B12, which execute reactions in intermediary metabolism, participating in peroxisomal β-oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-groups, breakdown of isoleucine and fatty acid chain elongation in endoplasmic reticulum. Divergent substrate acceptance capabilities exemplify acquirement of catalytic site adaptiveness during evolution. As an additional common feature these HSD17Bs are multifunctional enzymes that arose either via gene fusions (HSD17B4) or are incorporated as subunits into multifunctional protein complexes (HSD17B8 and HSD17B10). Crystal structures of HSD17B4, HSD17B8 and HSD17B10 give insight into their structure-function relationships. Thus far, deficiencies of HSD17B4 and HSD17B10 have been assigned to inborn errors in humans, underlining their significance as enzymes of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | | | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Guangyu Jiang
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Beckers L, Geric I, Stroobants S, Beel S, Van Damme P, D'Hooge R, Baes M. Microglia lacking a peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme chronically alter their inflammatory profile without evoking neuronal and behavioral deficits. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:61. [PMID: 30866963 PMCID: PMC6417251 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia play a central role in most neurological disorders, but the impact of microgliosis on brain environment and clinical functions is not fully understood. Mice lacking multifunctional protein-2 (MFP2), a pivotal enzyme in peroxisomal β-oxidation, develop a fatal disorder characterized by motor problems similar to the milder form of MFP2 deficiency in humans. The hallmark of disease in mice is the chronic proliferation of microglia in the brain, but molecular pathomechanisms that drive rapid clinical deterioration in human and mice remain unknown. In the present study, we identified the effects of specific deletion of MFP2 from microglia in the brain on immune responses, neuronal functioning, and behavior. Methods We created a novel Cx3cr1-Mfp2−/− mouse model and studied the impact of MFP2 deficiency on microglial behavior at different ages using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of Mfp2−/− microglia were assessed in vitro and in vivo after stimulation with IL-1β/INFγ and IL-4 (in vitro) and LPS and IL-4 (in vivo). Facial nerve axotomy was unilaterally performed in Cx3cr1-Mfp2−/− and control mice, and microglial functioning in response to neuronal injury was subsequently analyzed by histology and real-time PCR. Finally, neuronal function, motor function, behavior, and cognition were assessed using brainstem auditory evoked potentials, grip strength and inverted grid test, open field exploration, and passive avoidance learning, respectively. Results We found that Mfp2−/− microglia in a genetically intact brain environment adopt an inflammatory activated and proliferative state. In addition, we found that acute inflammatory and neuronal injury provoked normal responses of Mfp2−/− microglia in Cx3cr1-Mfp2−/− mice during the post-injury period. Despite chronic pro-inflammatory microglial reactivity, Cx3cr1-Mfp2−/− mice exhibited normal neuronal transmission, clinical performance, and cognition. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that MFP2 deficiency in microglia causes intrinsic dysregulation of their inflammatory profile, which is not harmful to neuronal function, motor function, and cognition in mice during their first year of life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1442-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Beckers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N2, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Present Address: Center for Translational and Computational Neuro-immunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ivana Geric
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N2, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Stroobants
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Biological Psychology Unit, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Beel
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Biological Psychology Unit, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N2, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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40
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Abstract
Peroxisomal disorders are a group of inherited metabolic diseases, which can be incompatible with life in the postnatal period or allow survival into adulthood. Retinopathy is a recurrent feature in both the severely and mildly affected patients, which can be accompanied with other ophthalmological pathologies. Thanks to next-generation sequencing, patients originally identified with other inherited blinding diseases were reclassified as suffering from peroxisomal disorders. In addition, new peroxisomal gene defects or disease presentations exhibiting retinal degeneration were recently identified. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying retinopathy in peroxisomal disorders remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Das
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Lab for Cell Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Lab for Cell Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium.
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Alshenaifi J, Ewida N, Anazi S, Shamseldin HE, Patel N, Maddirevula S, Al-Sheddi T, Alomar R, Alobeid E, Ibrahim N, Hashem M, Abdulwahab F, Jacob M, Alhashem A, Alzaidan HI, Seidahmed MZ, Alhashemi N, Rawashdeh R, Eyaid W, Al-Hassnan ZN, Rahbeeni Z, Alswaid A, Hadid A, Qari A, Mohammed DA, El Khashab HY, Alfadhel M, Abanemai M, Sunbul R, Al Tala S, Alkhalifi S, Alkharfi T, Abouelhoda M, Monies D, Al Tassan N, AlDubayan SH, Kurdi W, Al-Owain M, Dasouki MJ, Kentab AY, Atyani S, Makhseed N, Faqeih E, Shaheen R, Alkuraya FS. The many faces of peroxisomal disorders: Lessons from a large Arab cohort. Clin Genet 2018; 95:310-319. [PMID: 30561787 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the peroxisomes biogenesis and/or function result in peroxisomal disorders. In this study, we describe the largest Arab cohort to date (72 families) of clinically, biochemically and molecularly characterized patients with peroxisomal disorders. At the molecular level, we identified 43 disease-causing variants, half of which are novel. The founder nature of many of the variants allowed us to calculate the minimum disease burden for these disorders in our population ~1:30 000, which is much higher than previous estimates in other populations. Clinically, we found an interesting trend toward genotype/phenotype correlation in terms of long-term survival. Nearly half (40/75) of our peroxisomal disorders patients had documented survival beyond 1 year of age. Most unusual among the long-term survivors was a multiplex family in which the affected members presented as adults with non-specific intellectual disability and epilepsy. Other unusual presentations included the very recently described peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder as well as CRD, spastic paraparesis, white matter (CRSPW) syndrome. We conclude that peroxisomal disorders are highly heterogeneous in their clinical presentation. Our data also confirm the demonstration that milder forms of Zellweger spectrum disorders cannot be ruled out by the "gold standard" very long chain fatty acids assay, which highlights the value of a genomics-first approach in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumanah Alshenaifi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Ewida
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Anazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Al-Sheddi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alomar
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alobeid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minnie Jacob
- The Newborn Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad I Alzaidan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rifaat Rawashdeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Eyaid
- Medical Genetic Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair N Al-Hassnan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair Rahbeeni
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alswaid
- Medical Genetic Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Hadid
- Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya Qari
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dia A Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Makkah Maternity and Children's Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Y El Khashab
- Department of Pediatrics Dr. Sulimann AL Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology Children Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genetic Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abanemai
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawda Sunbul
- Pediatrics Medical Genetic Unit (PMGU), Pediatrics Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Tala
- Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Pediatric Directorate and Genetic Unit Khamis Mushayt, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Turki Alkharfi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanad Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud H AlDubayan
- Department of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wesam Kurdi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed J Dasouki
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,The Newborn Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Y Kentab
- Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha Atyani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Nawal Makhseed
- Pediatric Department, Al-Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wanders RJA, Vaz FM, Ferdinandusse S, Kemp S, Ebberink MS, Waterham HR. Laboratory Diagnosis of Peroxisomal Disorders in the -Omics Era and the Continued Importance of Biomarkers and Biochemical Studies. Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409818810285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. A. Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, EmmaChildren’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, EmmaChildren’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, EmmaChildren’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Kemp
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, EmmaChildren’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel S. Ebberink
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, EmmaChildren’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans R. Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, EmmaChildren’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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43
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Abstract
Peroxisomes play vital roles in a broad spectrum of cellular metabolic pathways. Defects in genes encoding peroxisomal proteins can result in a wide array of disorders, depending upon the metabolic pathways affected. These disorders can be broadly classified into 2 main groups; peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) and single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. Peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies are result of dysfunction of a specific metabolic pathway, while PBDs are due to generalized peroxisomal dysfunction. Mutations in PEX1 gene are the most common cause of PBDs, accounting for two-thirds of cases. Peroxisomal fission defects is a recently recognized entity, included under the subgroup of PBDs. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on the clinical and neuroimaging spectrum of peroxisomal disorders.
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44
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Beckers L, Stroobants S, D'Hooge R, Baes M. Neuronal Dysfunction and Behavioral Abnormalities Are Evoked by Neural Cells and Aggravated by Inflammatory Microglia in Peroxisomal β-Oxidation Deficiency. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:136. [PMID: 29892213 PMCID: PMC5975114 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming evident that microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are active contributors in neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the impact of microgliosis on neuropathology, behavior and clinical decline in neuropathological conditions remains elusive. A mouse model lacking multifunctional protein-2 (MFP2), a pivotal enzyme in peroxisomal β-oxidation, develops a fatal disorder characterized by motor problems similar to the milder form of human disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying neurological decline in men and mice remain unknown. The hallmark of disease in the mouse model is chronic proliferation of microglia in the brain without provoking neuronal loss or demyelination. In order to define the contribution of Mfp2-/- neural cells to development of microgliosis and clinical neuropathology, the constitutive Mfp2-/- mouse model was compared to a neural selective Nestin-Mfp2-/- mouse model. We demonstrate in this study that, in contrast to early-onset and severe microgliosis in constitutive Mfp2-/- mice, Mfp2+/+ microglia in Nestin-Mfp2-/- mice only become mildly inflammatory at end stage of disease. Mfp2-/- microglia are primed and acquire a chronic and strong inflammatory state in Mfp2-/- mice whereas Mfp2+/+ microglia in Nestin-Mfp2-/- mice are not primed and adopt a minimal activation state. The inflammatory microglial phenotype in Mfp2-/- mice is correlated with more severe neuronal dysfunction, faster clinical deterioration and reduced life span compared to Nestin-Mfp2-/- mice. Taken together, our study shows that deletion of MFP2 impairs behavior and locomotion. Clinical decline and neural pathology is aggravated by an early-onset and excessive microglial response in Mfp2-/- mice and strongly indicates a cell-autonomous role of MFP2 in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Beckers
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Stroobants
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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45
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Herzog K, Pras-Raves ML, Ferdinandusse S, Vervaart MAT, Luyf ACM, van Kampen AHC, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Vaz FM. Plasma lipidomics as a diagnostic tool for peroxisomal disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:489-498. [PMID: 29209936 PMCID: PMC5959966 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous cell organelles that play an important role in lipid metabolism. Accordingly, peroxisomal disorders, including the peroxisome biogenesis disorders and peroxisomal single-enzyme deficiencies, are associated with aberrant lipid metabolism. Lipidomics is an emerging tool for diagnosis, disease-monitoring, identifying lipid biomarkers, and studying the underlying pathophysiology in disorders of lipid metabolism. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of lipidomics for the diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders using plasma samples from patients with different types of peroxisomal disorders. We show that the changes in the plasma profiles of phospholipids, di- and triglycerides, and cholesterol esters correspond with the characteristic metabolite abnormalities that are currently used in the metabolic screening for peroxisomal disorders. The lipidomics approach, however, gives a much more detailed overview of the metabolic changes that occur in the lipidome. Furthermore, we identified novel unique lipid species for specific peroxisomal diseases that are candidate biomarkers. The results presented in this paper show the power of lipidomics approaches to enable the specific diagnosis of different peroxisomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Herzog
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A T Vervaart
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Angela C M Luyf
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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46
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Herzog K, Pras-Raves ML, Ferdinandusse S, Vervaart MAT, Luyf ACM, van Kampen AHC, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Vaz FM. Functional characterisation of peroxisomal β-oxidation disorders in fibroblasts using lipidomics. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:479-487. [PMID: 28849344 PMCID: PMC5959964 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes play an important role in a variety of metabolic pathways, including the α- and β-oxidation of fatty acids, and the biosynthesis of ether phospholipids. Single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies (PEDs) are a group of peroxisomal disorders in which either a peroxisomal matrix enzyme or a peroxisomal membrane transporter protein is deficient. To investigate the functional consequences of specific enzyme deficiencies on the lipidome, we performed lipidomics using cultured skin fibroblasts with different defects in the β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids, including ABCD1- (ALD), acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1)-, D-bifunctional protein (DBP)-, and acyl-CoA binding domain containing protein 5 (ACBD5)-deficient cell lines. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed characteristic changes in the phospholipid composition in fibroblasts with different fatty acid β-oxidation defects. Remarkably, we found that ether phospholipids, including plasmalogens, were decreased. We defined specific phospholipid ratios reflecting the different enzyme defects, which can be used to discriminate the PED fibroblasts from healthy control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Herzog
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A T Vervaart
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Angela C M Luyf
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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47
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Abstract
Peroxisomes and lysosomes are distinct subcellular compartments that underlie several pediatric metabolic disorders. Knowledge of their function and cell biology leads to understanding how the disorders result from genetic defects. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the disorders take advantage of the cell biology mechanisms. Whereas peroxisomal disorders are characterized by enzymatic defects in peroxisomal pathways leading to metabolic and lipid changes, lysosomal storage disorders are marked by accumulation of substrates of lysosomal pathways inside the lysosome. The human diseases related to these two organelles are reviewed, focusing on general disease patterns and underlying diagnosis and treatment principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Maria Bellettato
- Brains for Brains Foundation, Department of Women and Children Health, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Leroy Hubert
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Brains for Brains Foundation, Department of Women and Children Health, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy; Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 100, Wiesbaden 65199, Germany; Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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48
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De Munter S, Bamps D, Malheiro AR, Kumar Baboota R, Brites P, Baes M. Autonomous Purkinje cell axonal dystrophy causes ataxia in peroxisomal multifunctional protein-2 deficiency. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:631-643. [PMID: 29341299 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes play a crucial role in normal neurodevelopment and in the maintenance of the adult brain. This depends largely on intact peroxisomal β-oxidation given the similarities in pathologies between peroxisome biogenesis disorders and deficiency of multifunctional protein-2 (MFP2), the central enzyme of this pathway. Recently, adult patients diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia were shown to have mild mutations in the MFP2 gene, hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase (17 beta) type 4 (HSD17B4). Cerebellar atrophy also develops in MFP2 deficient mice but the cellular origin of the degeneration is unexplored. In order to investigate whether peroxisomal β-oxidation is essential within Purkinje cells, the sole output neurons of the cerebellum, we generated and characterized a mouse model with Purkinje cell selective deletion of the MFP2 gene. We show that selective loss of MFP2 from mature cerebellar Purkinje neurons causes a late-onset motor phenotype and progressive Purkinje cell degeneration, thereby mimicking ataxia and cerebellar deterioration in patients with mild HSD17B4 mutations. We demonstrate that swellings on Purkinje cell axons coincide with ataxic behavior and precede neurodegeneration. Loss of Purkinje cells occurs in a characteristic banded pattern, proceeds in an anterior to posterior fashion and is accompanied by progressive astro- and microgliosis. These data prove that the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway is required within Purkinje neurons to maintain their axonal integrity, independent of glial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie De Munter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien Bamps
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Malheiro
- Neurolipid Biology group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ritesh Kumar Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Brites
- Neurolipid Biology group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Myriam Baes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Chen K, Yang K, Luo SS, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang YX, Li DK, Yang YJ, Tang YL, Liu FT, Wang J, Wu JJ, Sun YM. A homozygous missense variant in HSD17B4 identified in a consanguineous Chinese Han family with type II Perrault syndrome. BMC Med Genet 2017; 18:91. [PMID: 28830375 PMCID: PMC5568266 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Perrault syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder that manifests with sensorineural hearing loss in both sexes, primary ovarian insufficiency in females and neurological features. The syndrome is heterogeneous both genetically and phenotypically. Case presentation We reported a consanguineous family (two affected sisters) with Perrault syndrome. The proband had the characteristics of Perrault syndrome: ovarian dysgenesis, bilateral hearing loss and obvious neurological signs. Target genetic sequencing and triplet repeat primed PCR (TP-PCR) plus capillary electrophoresis was conducted to detect causative mutations in the proband. The detected variant was further confirmed in the proband and tested in other family members by Sanger sequencing. Both the proband and her sister were found homozygous for the novel variant HSD17B4 c.298G > T (p.A100S) with their parents heterozygous. Detected by western blot, the protein expression of HSD17B4 mutant was much lower than that of the wild type in SH-SY5Y cells transfected by HSD17B4 wild type or mutant plasmid, which indicated the pathogenicity of the HSD17B4 mutation. Conclusions Our findings supported that HSD17B4 was one of the genes contributing to Perrault syndrome with the likely pathogenic variant c.298G > T (p.A100S). Special manifestations of cerebellar impairment were found in cases caused by HSD17B4 mutations. Besides, attention should be paid to distinguish Perrault syndrome from D-bifunctional protein deficiency and hereditary ataxia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0453-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Su-Shan Luo
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Da-Ke Li
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi-Lin Tang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Morita M, Honda A, Kobayashi A, Watanabe Y, Watanabe S, Kawaguchi K, Takashima S, Shimozawa N, Imanaka T. Effect of Lorenzo's Oil on Hepatic Gene Expression and the Serum Fatty Acid Level in abcd1-Deficient Mice. JIMD Rep 2017; 38:67-74. [PMID: 28560570 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lorenzo's oil is known to decrease the saturated very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) level in the plasma and skin fibroblasts of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) patients. However, the involvement of Lorenzo's oil in in vivo fatty acid metabolism has not been well elucidated. To investigate the effect of Lorenzo's oil on fatty acid metabolism, we analyzed the hepatic gene expression together with the serum fatty acid level in Lorenzo's oil-treated wild-type and abcd1-deficient mice. The change in the serum fatty acid level in Lorenzo's oil-treated abcd1-defcient mice was quite similar to that in the plasma fatty acid level in ALD patients supplemented with Lorenzo's oil. In addition, we found that the hepatic gene expression of two peroxisomal enzymes, Dbp and Scp2, and three microsomal enzymes, Elovl1, 2, and 3, were significantly stimulated by Lorenzo's oil. Our findings indicate that Lorenzo's oil activates hepatic peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation at the transcriptional level. In contrast, the transcriptional stimulation of Elovl1, 2, and 3 by Lorenzo's oil does not cause changes in the serum fatty acid level. It seems likely that the inhibition of these elongation activities by Lorenzo's oil results in a decrease in saturated VLCFA. Thus, these results not only contribute to a clarification of the mechanism by which the saturated VLCFA level is reduced in the serum of ALD patients by Lorenzo's oil-treatment, but also suggest the development of a new therapeutic approach to peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme deficiency, especially mild phenotype of DBP deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Ayako Honda
- Division of Genomic Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuichi Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomic Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomic Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshinkai, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan
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