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Tzanova MT, Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Toneva M, Grozeva N, Memdueva N. Green Solvents for Extraction of Natural Food Colorants from Plants: Selectivity and Stability Issues. Foods 2024; 13:605. [PMID: 38397582 PMCID: PMC10887973 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers associate the color of food with its freshness and quality. More and more attention is being paid to natural colorants that bring additional health benefits to humans. Such natural substances are the carotenoids (yellow to orange), the anthocyanins (red to blue), and the betalains (red and yellow), which are very sensitive to exposure to light, air, high temperatures, and chemicals. Stability and diversity in terms of color can be optimized by using environmentally friendly and selective extraction processes that provide a balance between efficacy, safety, and stability of the resulting extracts. Green solvents like water, supercritical fluids, natural deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids are the most proper green solvents when combined with different extraction techniques like maceration, supercritical extraction, and ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted extraction. The choice of the right extracting agent is crucial for the selectivity of the extraction method and the stability of the prepared colorant. The present work reviews the green solvents used for the extraction of natural food colorants from plants and focuses on the issues related to the selectivity and stability of the products extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tankova Tzanova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Toneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Neli Grozeva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Neli Memdueva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
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Almajid A, Bazroon A, AlAhmed A, Bakhurji O. Exploring the Health Benefits and Therapeutic Potential of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in Human Studies: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49309. [PMID: 38024072 PMCID: PMC10676230 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS), commonly known as Roselle, has a rich history of traditional uses and is recognized for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and more. This comprehensive review synthesizes the existing literature on the health benefits associated with the consumption of HS or its ingredients. Key areas of focus include metabolic health, blood sugar, and lipid regulation, wherein studies have reported varying effects on parameters such as fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. Furthermore, Roselle exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by its impact on inflammatory markers such as MCP-1 and TNF-α. Additionally, HS extracts have shown notable antibacterial efficacy against various strains, with a potential role in urinary tract infection management. Studies also suggest potential benefits for renal function, with improvements in markers such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In this article, we aim to review the existing literature on the health benefits of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Almajid
- Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Ali Bazroon
- Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Alzahraa AlAhmed
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Omar Bakhurji
- Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
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Carvalho A, Domingues I, Carvalho C, Silva AMS, Soares AMVM, Marques CR. In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:912. [PMID: 37508344 PMCID: PMC10376481 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Philasterides dicentrarchi is an histophagous parasite that infects flatfish, namely turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), and cause significant losses in aquaculture units. The available measures for P. dicentrarchi control have limited efficiency, and some cause harm to fish. Hence, sustainable and natural control strategies are urgently needed. This study evaluated the in vitro bioactivity of the ethanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces on P. dicentrarchi population growth rate (PGR), oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione-S-transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (TG) and catalase (CAT), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), activity and gene expression of proteases as major virulence factors. H. sabdariffa extract inhibited parasite PGR (IC50 = 1.57 mg mL-1), and caused significant changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (LOEC = 0.22 mg mL-1), especially GPx, TG, and CAT. The activity of proteases was also severely inhibited (IC50 = 0.76 mg mL-1), and gene expression of catepsin 90 and leishmanolysin proteases was downregulated. Organic acids and phenolic phytochemicals in hibiscus extract are potentially responsible for the antiprotozoal bioactivity herein determined. Therefore, H. sabdariffa extract can be a promising disease-control alternative against the ciliate proliferation, cellular defense mechanisms and pathogenicity. Still, its applicability in aquaculture settings, and potential effects on farmed fish, should be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carvalho
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV)-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina R Marques
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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Villalobos-vega MJ, Rodríguez-rodríguez G, Armijo-montes O, Jiménez-bonilla P, Álvarez-valverde V. Optimization of the Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Roselle Hibiscus Calyxes (Hibiscus sabdariffa), as a Source of Nutraceutical Beverages. Molecules 2023; 28:2628. [PMID: 36985600 PMCID: PMC10051257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from Hibiscus sabdariffa have been used to prevent different diseases. Roselle Hibiscus is known for being rich in phenolic bioactive compounds. The extraction conditions are directly related to the chemical composition and then to the overall bioactivity of the extract. In this study, a Box-Behnken experimental design has been used to optimize the antioxidant activity, considering four variables: ethanol:water ratio, temperature, extraction time, and solvent:solid ratio. The experiment comprises 27 experiments and 3 repetitions at the central point. The results are described by surface response analysis and a second-degree polynomial equation. The model explains 87% of the variation in the response. The maximum antioxidant activity is yielded when 1% solids are extracted in 35.5% ethanol at 60 °C for 33 min. Finally, a nutritional functional supplement of 495 µmol Trolox Equivalent (TE) antioxidant capacity was prepared with the optimized extract.
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Khan NH, Abdulbaqi IM, Darwis Y, Aminu N, Chan SY. A stability-indicating HPLC-UV method for the quantification of anthocyanin in Roselle ( Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) spray-dried extract, oral powder, and lozenges. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09177. [PMID: 35368538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (H.S.) plant and its calyces have received much attention from researchers because of their potential medicinal and nutritional values. Calyces are the major source of anthocyanin in this plant. Therefore, a well-developed, efficient, and accurate analytical method is needed to assure proper standardization and control the quality of H.S. plant herbal and nutraceutical products. The objective of this work is to develop a simple, rapid, stability-indicating HPLC-UV method for the quantitative determination of anthocyanin in spray-dried aqueous extract (SDE), oral powder, and compressible lozenges formulations using Delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (Dp3S) as a marker compound. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using Eclipse plus® C18 column. The mobile phase comprised water acidified with 0.2% formic acid (FA) and acetonitrile (ACN) (90:10, v/v) using a gradient system at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 525 nm. The column was maintained at 45 °C, and the injection volume was 15 μL. The developed method was validated according to the international conference of harmonization (ICH) guidelines for linearity, detection and quantitation limits, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness. Forced degradation studies under acid, base, oxidation, heat, and U.V light, were performed on the pure compound, extract, and the H.S. developed formulations. Significant degradation of the compound was observed under all tested conditions except U.V. light, where degradation was minimum. There was no interference from impurities, degradation products, or excipients at the retention time of Dp3S 3.2 min indicating the specificity of the method. The developed method was statistically confirmed to be accurate, precise, and reproducible. This simple, rapid, and specific method can be employed efficiently to determine anthocyanin in H.S. plant extract and nutraceutical products.
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Przybylska A, Gackowski M, Koba M. Application of Capillary Electrophoresis to the Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Herbal Raw Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:2135. [PMID: 33917716 PMCID: PMC8068163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The article is a summary of scientific reports from the last 16 years (2005-2021) on the use of capillary electrophoresis to analyze polyphenolic compounds, coumarins, amino acids, and alkaloids in teas or different parts of plants used to prepare aqueous infusions, commonly known as "tea" or decoctions. This literature review is based on PRISMA guidelines and articles selected in base of criteria carried out using PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study type). The analysis showed that over 60% of articles included in this manuscript comes from China. The literature review shows that for the selective electrophoretic separation of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, the most frequently used capillary electromigration technique is capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. Nevertheless, the use of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry allows for the sensitive determination of analytes with a lower limit of detection and gives hope for routine use in the analysis of functional foods. Moreover, using the modifications in electrochemical techniques allows methods sensitivity reduction along with the reduction of analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przybylska
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2 Street, PL-85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.G.); (M.K.)
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Salem MA, Zayed A, Beshay ME, Abdel Mesih MM, Ben Khayal RF, George FA, Ezzat SM. Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: phytoconstituents, nutritive, and pharmacological applications. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Alañón ME, Ivanović M, Pimentel-Mora S, Borrás-Linares I, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. A novel sustainable approach for the extraction of value-added compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces by natural deep eutectic solvents. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109646. [PMID: 33233225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is widely acknowledged as an important source of value-added compounds as natural pigments and bioactive compounds whose isolation is of great interest in food industry. Due to the incessant demand of green extraction procedures, NADESs have emerged in the last years as new green solvents alternative to the conventional organic ones. The feasibility of NADESs for the extraction of value-added compounds of H. sabdariffa has been assessed in this work for the first time. An extraction technique based on microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and the use of NADESs was proposed testing different deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride (ChCl). Among them, oxalic acid based NADES exhibited a great selectivity for anthocyanins in particular as well as higher extraction yields of bioactive compounds was also observed, even greater than those observed by methanol. The effect of extraction variables such as liquid-solid ratio, temperature and water percentage were studied by Box-Behnken design and a response surface methodology. The statistical program pointed out the liquid-solid ratio of 1:30 mL mg-1, temperature of 75 °C and a water percentage of 55% as the conditions to maximize extraction within the experimental domain. Hence, NADES composed by oxalic acid and choline chloride resulted to be an effective green alternative tailor-made solvent to carry out selective extractions of value-added compounds from H. sabdariffa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Alañón
- Area of Food Science and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Higher Technical School of Agronomic Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Milena Ivanović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Pimentel-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Zannou O, Koca I, Aldawoud TMS, Galanakis CM. Recovery and Stabilization of Anthocyanins and Phenolic Antioxidants of Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) with Hydrophilic Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2020; 25:E3715. [PMID: 32824080 PMCID: PMC7464405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have got huge interest as new green and sustainable solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants in recent decades. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hydrophilic DES for the extraction of anthocyanin and polyphenol antioxidants from Roselle. A natural hydrophilic DES constituted of sodium acetate (hydrogen bond acceptor) and formic acid (hydrogen bond donor) designed to evaluate the total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TACN), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of Roselle. Distilled water, 70% ethanol, and 80% methanol used as conventional solvents for comparison. The results indicated that the DES prepared in molarity ratio (SAFAm) was the most efficient. Subsequently, this prominent DES selected for the optimization and the optimum extraction conditions were 1:3.6 molarity ratio, 0% additional water, and 10 mL solvent. TPC, TFC, TACN, FRAP, and DPPH radical scavenging at the optimum point were 233.26 mg GAE/g, 10.14 mg ECE/g, 10.62 mg D3S/g, 493.45 mmol ISE/g, and 343.41 mmol TE/g, respectively. The stability tests showed that anthocyanins were more stable in SAFAm. These findings revealed that SAFAm is an effective green solvent for the extraction of polyphenols from various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Zannou
- Department of Food Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Koca
- Department of Food Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Turki M. S. Aldawoud
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.S.A.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Charis M. Galanakis
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.S.A.); (C.M.G.)
- Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, 73131 Chania, Greece
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Pimentel-Moral S, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Arráez-Román D, Martínez-Férez A, Segura-Carretero A. Microwave-assisted extraction for Hibiscus sabdariffa bioactive compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:313-322. [PMID: 29734100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
H. sabdariffa has demonstrated positive results against chronic diseases due to the presence of phytochemicals, mainly phenolic compounds. The extraction process of bioactive compounds increases the efficient collection of extracts with high bioactivity. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) constituted a "green technology" widely employed for plant matrix. In this work, the impact of temperature (50-150 °C), composition of extraction solvent (15-75% EtOH) and extraction time (5-20 min) on the extraction yield and individual compounds concentrations were evaluated. Furthermore, the characterization of 16 extracts obtained was performed by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. The results showed that 164 °C, 12.5 min, 45% ethanol was the best extraction condition, although glycoside flavonoids were degraded. Besides that, the optimal conditions for extraction yield were 164 °C, 60% ethanol and 22 min. Thus, temperature and solvent concentration have demonstrated to be potential factors in MAE for obtaining bioactive compounds from H. sabdariffa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pimentel-Moral
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martínez-Férez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Pimentel-Moral S, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Segura-Carretero A, Martínez-Férez A. Development and stability evaluation of water-in-edible oils emulsions formulated with the incorporation of hydrophilic Hibiscus sabdariffa extract. Food Chem 2018; 260:200-207. [PMID: 29699663 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New functional oils (extra virgin olive oil, EVOO and sunflower oil, SO) containing antioxidants from Hibiscus sabdariffa extract were developed by W/O emulsion. Their physical and chemical stability was measured over time. The lowest coalescence rate was obtained with 8 and 12 wt% surfactant amount for EVOO and SO emulsions, respectively. Before the evaluation of the oxidative stability, an optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from emulsions by multi-response surface methodology was performed. EVOO emulsions were chemically more stable over time than SO emulsions in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and chemical composition measured by HPLC-ESI.TOF-MS. TPC significantly increased (from 2.02 ± 0.07 to 2.71 ± 0.06 mg Eq GAE/g extract) and the antioxidant activity measured by TEAC remained constant for 1 month of storage. Thus, W/O emulsion technology has proven to be a potential method to vehiculize and stabilize bioactive compounds from H. sabdariffa into edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pimentel-Moral
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Yari A, Rashnoo S. Optimization of a new method for extraction of cyanidin chloride and pelargonidin chloride anthocyanins with magnetic solid phase extraction and determination in fruit samples by HPLC with central composite design. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1067:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Tsai TC, Huang HP, Chang KT, Wang CJ, Chang YC. Anthocyanins from roselle extract arrest cell cycle G2/M phase transition via ATM/Chk pathway in p53-deficient leukemia HL-60 cells. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1290-1304. [PMID: 27444805 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is an important issue in cancer therapy. Delphinidin and cyanidin are two major anthocyanins of the roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa). In the present study, we investigated the effect of Hibiscus anthocyanins (HAs) on cell cycle arrest in human leukemia cell line HL-60 and the analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms. HAs extracted from roselle calyces (purity 90%) markedly induced G2/M arrest evaluated with flow cytometry analysis. Western blot analyses revealed that HAs (0.1-0.7 mg mL-1 ) induced G2/M arrest via increasing Tyr15 phosphorylation of Cdc2, and inducing Cdk inhibitors p27 and p21. HAs also induced phosphorylation of upstream signals related to G2/M arrest such as phosphorylation of Cdc25C tyrosine phosphatase at Ser216, increasing the binding of pCdc25C with 14-3-3 protein. HAs-induced phosphorylation of Cdc25C could be activated by ATM checkpoint kinases, Chk1, and Chk2. We first time confirmed that ATM-Chk1/2-Cdc25C pathway as a critical mechanism for G2/M arrest in HAs-induced leukemia cell cycle arrest, indicating that this compound could be a promising anticancer candidate or chemopreventive agents for further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1290-1304, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chang Tsai
- Superintendent Office, Antai Medical Care Cooperation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Tekale SS, Jaiwal BV, Padul MV. Identification of metabolites from an active fraction of Cajanus cajan seeds by high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 211:763-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Grajeda-Iglesias C, Figueroa-Espinoza MC, Barouh N, Baréa B, Fernandes A, de Freitas V, Salas E. Isolation and Characterization of Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa Flowers. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:1709-1718. [PMID: 27312226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intense red-colored Hibiscus sabdariffa flowers are an inexpensive source of anthocyanins with potential to be used as natural, innocuous, and health-beneficial colorants. An anthocyanin-rich extract from hibiscus flowers was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. By a single-step process fractionation using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, the main hibiscus anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (Dp-samb) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (Cy-samb), were separated and then characterized via NMR and HPLC-ESIMS data. Since Dp-samb was the most abundant anthocyanin identified in the extract, its colorant properties were studied by the pH jumps method, which allowed the calculation of the single acid-base equilibrium (pK'a 2.92), the acidity (pKa 3.70), and the hydration constants (pKh 3.02). Moreover, by using size-exclusion chromatography, new cyanidin-derived anthocyanins (with three or more sugar units) were successfully identified and reported for the first time in the hibiscus extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Fernandes
- REQUIMTE - Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE - Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Erika Salas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua , Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus Universitario No. 2, CP 31125, Chihuahua, México
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17
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Sulistyani H, Fujita M, Miyakawa H, Nakazawa F. Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Sharma M, Sandhir R, Singh A, Kumar P, Mishra A, Jachak S, Singh SP, Singh J, Roy J. Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Compound Characterization and Their Biosynthesis Genes between Two Diverse Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Varieties Differing for Chapatti (Unleavened Flat Bread) Quality. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1870. [PMID: 28018403 PMCID: PMC5156688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PCs) affect the bread quality and can also affect the other types of end-use food products such as chapatti (unleavened flat bread), now globally recognized wheat-based food product. The detailed analysis of PCs and their biosynthesis genes in diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties differing for chapatti quality have not been studied. In this study, the identification and quantification of PCs using UPLC-QTOF-MS and/or MS/MS and functional genomics techniques such as microarrays and qRT-PCR of their biosynthesis genes have been studied in a good chapatti variety, "C 306" and a poor chapatti variety, "Sonalika." About 80% (69/87) of plant phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in these varieties. Nine PCs (hinokinin, coutaric acid, fertaric acid, p-coumaroylqunic acid, kaempferide, isorhamnetin, epigallocatechin gallate, methyl isoorientin-2'-O-rhamnoside, and cyanidin-3-rutinoside) were identified only in the good chapatti variety and four PCs (tricin, apigenindin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and myricetin-3-glucoside) in the poor chapatti variety. Therefore, about 20% of the identified PCs are unique to each other and may be "variety or genotype" specific PCs. Fourteen PCs used for quantification showed high variation between the varieties. The microarray data of 44 phenolic compound biosynthesis genes and 17 of them on qRT-PCR showed variation in expression level during seed development and majority of them showed low expression in the good chapatti variety. The expression pattern in the good chapatti variety was largely in agreement with that of phenolic compounds. The level of variation of 12 genes was high between the good and poor chapatti quality varieties and has potential in development of markers. The information generated in this study can be extended onto a larger germplasm set for development of molecular markers using QTL and/or association mapping approaches for their application in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstituteMohali, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Rajat Sandhir
| | | | - Pankaj Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstituteMohali, India
| | - Ankita Mishra
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstituteMohali, India
| | - Sanjay Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchMohali, India
| | | | - Jagdeep Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstituteMohali, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstituteMohali, India
- Joy Roy
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Liu W, Zhang X, Siems WF, Hill HH Jr, Yin D. Rapid profiling and identification of anthocyanins in fruits with Hadamard transform ion mobility mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 177:225-32. [PMID: 25660880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of Hadamard transform ion mobility mass spectrometry (HT-IMMS) in the profiling of anthocyanins from different fruits is presented. Samples extracted with acidic methanol and purified with solid phase extraction were analyzed with direct IMMS infusion. The separation of various anthocyanins was achieved within 30s with resolving powers up to 110. The ion mobility drift times correlated with their mass-to-charge ratios with a correlation coefficient of 0.979 to produce a trend line that was characteristic for anthocyanins. Isomers with the same anthocyanidin but different hexoses were differentiated by ion mobility spectrometry. Furthermore, mobility separated ions underwent collision induced dissociation at the IMMS interface to provide MS/MS spectra. These fragmentation spectra aided in the identification of anthocyanidins via the loss of the saccharide groups. IMMS appears to be a rapid and efficient approach for profiling and identifying anthocyanins.
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Govindaraghavan S. Pharmacopeial HPLC identification methods are not sufficient to detect adulterations in commercial bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) extracts. Anthocyanin profile provides additional clues. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:124-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Badejo AA, Damilare A, Ojuade TD. Processing Effects on the Antioxidant Activities of Beverage Blends Developed from Cyperus esculentus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Moringa oleifera Extracts. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:227-33. [PMID: 25320721 PMCID: PMC4195629 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of bioactive compounds in foods has changed the dietary lifestyle of many people. Cyperus esculentus (tigernut) is highly underutilized in Africa, yet tigernut extract is highly profitable in Europe. This study aims to add value to tigernut extract by revealing its health benefits and food value. In this study, tigernut tubers were germinated or roasted and the extracts were combined with Moringa oleifera extract (MOE) or Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) and spiced with ginger to produce functional drinks. The drinks were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, sensory parameters, and antioxidant potentials. The total phenolic content of each beverage was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant activity of each beverage was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assays. The beverages from the germinated tigernut extracts had the highest titratable acidity and the lowest pH, while beverages containing the roasted tigernut extract had the highest ∘Brix. Germination and roasting significantly enhanced the total phenolic content of the drinks. The beverage containing HSE and germinated tigernut extract had a total phenolic content of 45.67 mg/100 mL gallic acid equivalents, which was significantly higher than the total phenolic content of all other samples. The DPPH inhibition activity of the beverages prepared with germinated tigernut extracts was significantly higher than the DPPH inhibition activity of the beverages prepared with fresh tigernut extract. The taste and overall acceptability of drinks containing the roasted tigernut extract were preferred, while the color and appearance of drinks with the germinated samples were preferred. Roasting or germinating tigernuts before extraction and addition of MOE or HSE extracts is another way to add value and enhance the utilization of tigernuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebanjo A Badejo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Akintoroye Damilare
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Temitope D Ojuade
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
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22
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Joven J, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Menéndez JA. Polyphenols and the modulation of gene expression pathways: can we eat our way out of the danger of chronic disease? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:985-1001. [PMID: 24499117 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.621772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived dietary polyphenols may improve some disease states and promote health. Experimental evidence suggests that this is partially attributable to changes in gene expression. The rational use of bioactive food components may therefore present an opportunity to activate or repress selected gene expression pathways and, consequently, to manage or prevent disease. It remains to be determined whether this use of bioactive food components can be done safely. This article reviews the associated controversies and limitations of polyphenol therapy. There is a paucity of clinical data on the rational use of polyphenols, including a lack of knowledge on effective dosage, actual chemical formulations, bioavailability, distribution in tissues, the effect of genetic variations, differences in gut microflora, the synergistic (or antagonistic) effects observed in extracts, and the possible interaction between polyphenols and lipid domains of cell membranes that may alter the function of relevant receptors. The seminal question of why plants make substances that benefit humans remains unanswered, and there is still much to learn in terms of correlative versus causal effects of human exposure to various nutrients. The available data strongly suggest significant effects at the molecular level that represent interactions with the epigenome. The advent of relatively simple technologies is helping the field of epigenetics progress and facilitating the acquisition of multiple types of data that were previously difficult to obtain. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and the epigenetic changes associated with the consumption of polyphenols that illustrate how modifications in human nutrition may become relevant to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- a Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Calle Sant Llorenç 21 , 43201 , Reus , Spain
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Joven J, March I, Espinel E, Fernández‐Arroyo S, Rodríguez‐Gallego E, Aragonès G, Beltrán‐Debón R, Alonso‐Villaverde C, Rios L, Martin‐Paredero V, Menendez JA, Micol V, Segura‐Carretero A, Camps J. Hibiscus sabdariffa
extract lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1374-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | | | - Eugenia Espinel
- Department of nephrology Hospital Universitari de la vall d'Hebron
| | - Salvador Fernández‐Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez‐Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán‐Debón
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso‐Villaverde
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Lidia Rios
- Hospital lleuger de Cambrils Tarragona Spain
| | - Vicente Martin‐Paredero
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute Girona Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular Universidad Miguel Hernández Alicante Spain
| | | | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari Sant Joan Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Reus Spain
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Mariné-Casadó R, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Luciano-Mateo F, Menendez JA, Vazquez-Martin A, Sirvent JJ. Ubiquitous transgenic overexpression of C-C chemokine ligand 2: a model to assess the combined effect of high energy intake and continuous low-grade inflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:953841. [PMID: 24453432 PMCID: PMC3876923 DOI: 10.1155/2013/953841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy management leads to low-grade, chronic inflammation, which is a significant factor predicting noncommunicable diseases. In turn, inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism are associated with the course of these diseases; mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be at the crossroads of mutual relationships. The migration of immune cells during inflammation is governed by the interaction between chemokines and chemokine receptors. Chemokines, especially C-C-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), have a variety of additional functions that are involved in the maintenance of normal metabolism. It is our hypothesis that a ubiquitous and continuous secretion of CCL2 may represent an animal model of low-grade chronic inflammation that, in the presence of an energy surplus, could help to ascertain the afore-mentioned relationships and/or to search for specific therapeutic approaches. Here, we present preliminary data on a mouse model created by using targeted gene knock-in technology to integrate an additional copy of the CCl2 gene in the Gt(ROSA)26Sor locus of the mouse genome via homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Short-term dietary manipulations were assessed and the findings include metabolic disturbances, premature death, and the manipulation of macrophage plasticity and autophagy. These results raise a number of mechanistic questions for future study.
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Bustamante-Rangel M, Delgado-Zamarreño M, Pérez-Martín L, Carabias-Martínez R. QuEChERS method for the extraction of isoflavones from soy-based foods before determination by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Luciano-Mateo F, Camps J, Menéndez JA, Joven J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a basic mechanism in inflammation-related non-communicable diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:135698. [PMID: 23533299 PMCID: PMC3603328 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not necessarily a predisposing factor for disease. It is the handling of fat and/or excessive energy intake that encompasses the linkage of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism to the deleterious effects associated with the continuous excess of food ingestion. The roles of cytokines and insulin resistance in excessive energy intake have been studied extensively. Tobacco use and obesity accompanied by an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are the main factors that underlie noncommunicable diseases. The implication is that the management of energy or food intake, which is the main role of mitochondria, is involved in the most common diseases. In this study, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mutual relationships between causative conditions. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that fuse and divide in response to environmental stimuli, developmental status, and energy requirements. These organelles act to supply the cell with ATP and to synthesise key molecules in the processes of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism. Therefore, energy sensors and management effectors are determinants in the course and development of diseases. Regulating mitochondrial function may require a multifaceted approach that includes drugs and plant-derived phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that improve mitochondrial biogenesis and act to modulate the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menéndez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Avda de Francia s/n, 1707 Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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29
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Villalpando-Arteaga EV, Mendieta-Condado E, Esquivel-Solís H, Canales-Aguirre AA, Gálvez-Gastélum FJ, Mateos-Díaz JC, Rodríguez-González JA, Márquez-Aguirre AL. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract attenuates hepatic steatosis through down-regulation of PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c in diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2013; 4:618-26. [PMID: 23389749 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The growing incidence of obesity is a worldwide public health problem leading to a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which extends from steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. We investigated whether the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs) reduces body weight gain and protects the liver by improving lipid metabolism in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6NHsd mice. We found that oral administration of the Hs extract reduced fat tissue accumulation, diminished body weight gain and normalized the glycemic index as well as reduced dyslipidemia compared to the obese mice group that did not receive Hs treatment. In addition, Hs treatment attenuated liver steatosis, down-regulated SREBP-1c and PPAR-γ, blocked the increase of IL-1, TNF-α mRNA and lipoperoxidation and increased catalase mRNA. Our results suggest that the anti-obesity, anti-lipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of the Hs extract are related to the regulation of PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Vinicio Villalpando-Arteaga
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico
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30
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Hopkins AL, Lamm MG, Funk JL, Ritenbaugh C. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Fitoterapia 2013; 85:84-94. [PMID: 23333908 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) in the treatment of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease is assessed in this review by taking a comprehensive approach to interpreting the randomized clinical trial (RCT) results in the context of the available ethnomedical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and safety and toxicity information. HS decoctions and infusions of calyxes, and on occasion leaves, are used in at least 10 countries worldwide in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia with no reported adverse events or side effects. HS extracts have a low degree of toxicity with a LD50 ranging from 2,000 to over 5,000mg/kg/day. There is no evidence of hepatic or renal toxicity as the result of HS extract consumption, except for possible adverse hepatic effects at high doses. There is evidence that HS acts as a diuretic, however in most cases the extract did not significantly influence electrolyte levels. Animal studies have consistently shown that consumption of HS extract reduces blood pressure in a dose dependent manner. In RCTs, the daily consumption of a tea or extract produced from HS calyxes significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults with pre to moderate essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes. In addition, HS tea was as effective at lowering blood pressure as the commonly used blood pressure medication Captropril, but less effective than Lisinopril. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides were lowered in the majority of normolipidemic, hyperlipidemic, and diabetic animal models, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was generally not affected by the consumption of HS extract. Over half of the RCTs showed that daily consumption of HS tea or extracts had favorable influence on lipid profiles including reduced total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, as well as increased HDL-C. Anthocyanins found in abundance in HS calyxes are generally considered the phytochemicals responsible for the antihypertensive and hypocholesterolemic effects, however evidence has also been provided for the role of polyphenols and hibiscus acid. A number of potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hypotensive and anticholesterol effects, but the most common explanation is the antioxidant effects of the anthocyanins inhibition of LDL-C oxidation, which impedes atherosclerosis, an important cardiovascular risk factor. This comprehensive body of evidence suggests that extracts of HS are promising as a treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, however more high quality animal and human studies informed by actual therapeutic practices are needed to provide recommendations for use that have the potential for widespread public health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Villani
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - H. Rodolfo Juliani
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - James E. Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Qing-Li Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Navas MJ, Jiménez-Moreno AM, Bueno JM, Sáez-Plaza P, Asuero AG. Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part IV: Extraction of Anthocyanins. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.680343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhao SS, Zhong X, Tie C, Chen DD. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for analysis of complex samples. Proteomics 2012; 12:2991-3012. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sherry Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Cai Tie
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - David D.Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Joven J, Espinel E, Rull A, Aragonès G, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Camps J, Micol V, Herranz-López M, Menéndez JA, Borrás I, Segura-Carretero A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Beltrán-Debón R. Plant-derived polyphenols regulate expression of miRNA paralogs miR-103/107 and miR-122 and prevent diet-induced fatty liver disease in hyperlipidemic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:894-9. [PMID: 22503922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have the potential for clinical application. Probable modulation by plant-derived polyphenols might open preventive measures using simple dietary recommendations. METHODS We assessed the ability of continuous administration of high-dose polyphenols to modulate hepatic metabolism and microRNA expression in diet-induced fatty liver disease in commercially available hyperlipidemic mice using well-established and accepted procedures that included the development of new antibodies against modified quercetin. RESULTS Weight gain, liver steatosis, changes in the composition of liver tissue, and insulin resistance were all attenuated by the continuous administration of polyphenols. We also demonstrated that metabolites of polyphenols accumulate in immune cells and at the surface of hepatic lipid droplets indicating not only bioavailability but a direct likely action on liver cells. The addition of polyphenols also resulted in changes in the expression of miR-103, miR-107 and miR-122. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenols prevent fatty liver disease under these conditions. The differential expression of mRNAs and miRNAs was also associated with changes in lipid and glucose metabolism and with the activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, effects that are not necessarily connected. miRNAs function via different mechanisms and miRNA-mRNA interactions are difficult to ascertain with current knowledge. Further, cell models usually elicit contradictory results with those obtained in animal models. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that plant-derived polyphenols should be tested in humans as preventive rather than therapeutic agents in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid utilization. A multi-faceted mechanism of action is likely and the regulation of liver miRNA expression blaze new trails in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Chen XJ, Zhao J, Wang YT, Huang LQ, Li SP. CE and CEC analysis of phytochemicals in herbal medicines. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:168-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chen XF, Wu HT, Tan GG, Zhu ZY, Chai YF. Liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight and ion trap mass spectrometry for qualitative analysis of herbal medicines. J Pharm Anal 2011; 1:235-245. [PMID: 29403704 PMCID: PMC5760787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the expansion of herbal medicine (HM) market, the issue on how to apply up-to-date analytical tools on qualitative analysis of HMs to assure their quality, safety and efficacy has been arousing great attention. Due to its inherent characteristics of accurate mass measurements and multiple stages analysis, the integrated strategy of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) and ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) is well-suited to be performed as qualitative analysis tool in this field. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the potential of this integrated strategy, including the review of general features of LC-IT-MS and LC-TOF-MS, the advantages of their combination, the common procedures for structure elucidation, the potential of LC-hybrid-IT-TOF/MS and also the summary and discussion of the applications of the integrated strategy for HM qualitative analysis (2006-2011). The advantages and future developments of LC coupled with IT and TOF-MS are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hai-Tang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang-Guo Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi-Feng Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
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Fernández-Arroyo S, Rodríguez-Medina IC, Beltrán-Debón R, Pasini F, Joven J, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Quantification of the polyphenolic fraction and in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-hyperlipemic activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ramirez-Rodrigues MM, Plaza ML, Azeredo A, Balaban MO, Marshall MR. Physicochemical and Phytochemical Properties of Cold and Hot Water Extraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C428-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P, Křivánková L. Recent advances in CE-MS: Synergy of wet chemistry and instrumentation innovations. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:43-51. [PMID: 21171112 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CE with MS detection is a hyphenated technique which greatly improves the ability of CE to deal with real samples, especially with those coming from biology and medicine, where the target analytes are present as trace amounts in very complex matrices. CE-MS is now almost a routine technique performed on commercially available instruments. It faces currently a tremendous development of the technique itself as well as of its wide application area. Great interest in CE-MS is reflected in the scientific literature by many original research articles and also by numerous reviews. The review presented here has a general scope and belongs to a series of regularly published reviews on the topic. It covers the literature from the last 2 years, since January 2008 till June 2010. It brings a critical selection of related literature sorted into groups reflecting the main topics of actual scientific interest: (i) innovations in CE-ESI-MS, (ii) use of alternative interfaces, and (iii) ways to enhance sensitivity. Special attention is paid to novel electrolyte systems amenable to CE-MS including nonvolatile BGEs, to advanced CE separation principles such as MEKC, MEEKC, chiral CE, and to the use of preconcentration techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Pantůčková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Quirantes-Piné R, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Characterization of phenolic and other polar compounds in a lemon verbena extract by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2818-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hurtado-Fernández E, Gómez-Romero M, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods to determine antioxidant phenolic compounds from plant food material. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1130-60. [PMID: 20719447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are one of the most common active ingredients of nutritionally functional foods which can play an important role in the prevention of oxidation and cellular damage inhibiting or delaying the oxidative processes. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the application of antioxidants to medical treatment as information is constantly gathered linking the development of human diseases to oxidative stress. Within antioxidants, phenolic molecules are an important category of compounds, commonly present in a wide variety of plant food materials. Their correct determination is pivotal nowadays and involves their extraction from the sample, analytical separation, identification, quantification and interpretation of the data. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about all the necessary steps of any analytical procedure to achieve the determination of phenolic compounds from plant matrices, paying particular attention to the application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods. Since it is quite complicated to establish a classification of plant food material, and to structure the current review, we will group the different matrices as follows: fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and medicinal plants, beverages, vegetable oils, cereals, legumes and nuts and other matrices (including cocoa beans and bee products). At the end of the overview, we include two sections to explain the usefulness of the data about phenols provided by capillary electrophoresis and the newest trends.
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Beltrán-Debón R, Alonso-Villaverde C, Aragonès G, Rodríguez-Medina I, Rull A, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Camps J, Joven J. The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calices modulates the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in humans. Phytomedicine 2010; 17:186-191. [PMID: 19765963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diet supplementation and/or modulation is an important strategy to significantly improve human health. The search of plants as additional sources of bioactive phenolic compounds is relevant in this context. The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa is rich in anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds including hydroxycitric and chlorogenic acids. Using this extract we have shown an effective protection of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the cellular death induced by H(2)O(2) and a significant role in the production of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, the extract promotes the production of IL-6 and IL-8 and decreases the concentration of MCP-1 in supernatants in a dose-dependent manner. In humans, the ingestion of an acute dose of the extract (10g) was well tolerated and decreased plasma MCP-1 concentrations significantly without further effects on other cytokines. This effect was not due to a concomitant increase in the antioxidant capacity of plasma. Instead, its mechanisms probably involve a direct inhibition of inflammatory and/or metabolic pathways responsible for MCP-1 production, and may be relevant in inflammatory and chronic conditions in which the role of MCP-1 is well established. If beneficial effects are confirmed in patients, Hibiscus sabdariffa could be considered a valuable traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases with the advantage of being devoid of caloric value or potential alcohol toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beltrán-Debón
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Rodríguez-Medina IC, Beltrán-Debón R, Molina VM, Alonso-Villaverde C, Joven J, Menéndez JA, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Direct characterization of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa using HPLC with diode array detection coupled to ESI and ion trap MS. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:3441-8. [PMID: 19750503 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic fraction and other polar compounds of the Hibiscus sabdariffa were separated and identified by HPLC with diode array detection coupled to electrospray TOF and IT tandem MS (DAD-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and IT-MS). The H. sabdariffa aqueous extract was filtered and directly injected into the LC system. The analysis of the compounds was carried out by RP HPLC coupled to DAD and TOF-MS in order to obtain molecular formula and exact mass. Posterior analyses with IT-MS were performed and the fragmentation pattern and confirmation of the structures were achieved. The H. sabdariffa samples were successfully analyzed in positive and negative ionization modes with two optimized linear gradients. In positive mode, the two most representative anthocyanins and other compounds were identified whereas the phenolic fraction, hydroxycitric acid and its lactone were identified using the negative ionization mode.
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Sarr M, Ngom S, Kane MO, Wele A, Diop D, Sarr B, Gueye L, Andriantsitohaina R, Diallo AS. In vitro vasorelaxation mechanisms of bioactive compounds extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa on rat thoracic aorta. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009; 6:45. [PMID: 19883513 PMCID: PMC2777910 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we suggested characterizing the vasodilator effects and the phytochemical characteristics of a plant with food usage also used in traditional treatment of arterial high blood pressure in Senegal. METHODS Vascular effects of crude extract of dried and powdered calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were evaluated on isolated thoracic aorta of male Wistar rats on organ chambers. The crude extract was also enriched by liquid-liquid extraction. The various cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol extracts obtained as well as the residual marc were subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The different methanolic eluate fractions were then analyzed by Thin Layer (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and their vascular effects also evaluated. RESULTS The H. Sabdariffa crude extract induced mainly endothelium-dependent relaxant effects. The endothelium-dependent relaxations result from NOS activation and those who not dependent to endothelium from activation of smooth muscle potassium channels. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids in the ethyl acetate extract and anthocyans in the butanolic extract. The biological efficiency of the various studied extracts, in term of vasorelaxant capacity, showed that: Butanol extract > Crude extract > Residual marc > Ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that the strong activity of the butanolic extract is essentially due to the presence of anthocyans found in its fractions 43-67. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the vasodilator potential of hibiscus sabdariffa and contribute to his valuation as therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Sarr
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Asensio-Ramos M, Hernández-Borges J, Rocco A, Fanali S. Food analysis: A continuous challenge for miniaturized separation techniques. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3764-800. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Valls J, Millán S, Martí MP, Borràs E, Arola L. Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins, isoflavones and flavanols. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7143-72. [PMID: 19691963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing knowledge of the positive health effects of food polyphenols has prompted the need to develop new separation techniques for their extraction, fractionation and analysis. This article provides an updated and exhaustive review of the application of counter-current chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and their hyphenation with mass spectrometry to the study of food polyphenols. Flavonoids constitute the largest class of polyphenols, widely spread in the plant kingdom and common in human diet which has been the most widely studied with respect to their antioxidant and biological activities. The main subgroups are anthocyanins, catechins, isoflavones, flavonols and flavones. They are reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and immune modulating functions, among others. Since red fruit anthocyanins, soy isoflavones and flavanols from grapes and teas are currently the most used phenolic compounds for producing new nutraceuticals and functional foods, this review is focused on these three flavonoid groups.
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Ravelo-Pérez LM, Asensio-Ramos M, Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MA. Recent food safety and food quality applications of CE-MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1624-46. [PMID: 19360778 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first on-line coupling of CE with MS detection more than 20 years ago provided a very powerful technique with a wide variety of applications, among which food analysis is of special interest, especially that dealing with food safety and food quality applications, the major topics of public interest nowadays. With this review article, we would like to show the most recent applications of CE-MS in both fields by recompiling and commenting articles published between January 2004 and October 2008. Although both applications are difficult to separate from each other, we have included in this work two main sections dealing with each specific field. Future trends will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia M Ravelo-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
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Dinelli G, Carretero AS, Di Silvestro R, Marotti I, Fu S, Benedettelli S, Ghiselli L, Gutiérrez AF. Determination of phenolic compounds in modern and old varieties of durum wheat using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7229-40. [PMID: 19740468 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of the grain functional components of Italian durum wheat cultivars was conducted. The raw material was obtained from the field trial performed in 2006-2007 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Bologna, (Bologna, Italy). The aim of this study was to define the phytochemical profile of ten varieties, comprised of old and modern durum wheat genotypes, including quantitative and qualitative phenolic and flavonoid content (free and bound forms). The results showed that mean values of total phenolic compound and total flavonoid content in old wheat varieties (878.2+/-19.0 micromol gallic acid equivalent/100g of grain and 122.6+/-25.4 micromol catechin equivalent/100g of grain, respectively) did not differ significantly from those detected in modern genotypes (865.9+/-128.9 micromol gallic acid equivalent/100g and 123.5+/-20.6 micromol catechin equivalent/100g, respectively). However, the HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis highlighted remarkable differences between modern and old cultivars. The interpretation of the mass spectra allowed the identification of 70 phenolic compounds, including coumarins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavones, isoflavones, proanthocyanidins, stilbenes and lignans. The free extracts of ancient wheat varieties showed the presence of a mean number of phenolic compounds and isomer forms (8.7+/-2.5 and 7.7+/-4.7 respectively) significantly higher than in modern genotypes (4.4+/-2.9 and 2.0+/-2.4, respectively). A similar trend was observed also for the bound phenolic fraction. Moreover, the phytochemical profiles showed the presence of unique phenolic compounds in both free and bound fractions of some of the investigated wheat genotypes. Results highlighted that investigated old wheat cultivars may offer unique nutraceutical values for their peculiar contents in bioactive phytochemicals, suggesting their uses into a wide range of regular and specialty products naturally enriched with health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Staub A, Schappler J, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. CE-TOF/MS: Fundamental concepts, instrumental considerations and applications. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1610-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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