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Li X, Yuan P, Yang H, Zong X, Yang C, Chen X, Li Y, Yan X, Wen Y, Zhu T, Zhang Q, Xue W, Dai J. Virus-Like Nanotherapeutic for Spatiotemporally Enhancing Antigen Presentation and Cross-Presentation toward Potential Personalized Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300921. [PMID: 37531246 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the major causes of immunotherapy resistance is the loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules in tumor cells or the downregulation of the class I antigen presentation pathway. In this study, a novel virus-like nanotherapeutic (siRNA@HCM) is developed via encapsulating nanosized siRNA nanoparticles in a hybrid membrane comprising a personalized tumor cell membrane and a universal 293T membrane expressing the mutant vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (mVSV-G). Upon intravenous administration, siRNA@HCM accumulates at the tumor site and provides two potent driving forces for antitumor immunity. First, mVSV-G induces the fusion of siRNA@HCM with tumor cell membranes and directly injects siRNAs into the cytoplasm, significantly improving tumor intrinsic MHC-I antigen presentation. Moreover, mVSV-G can promote the maturation of dendritic cells, thereby achieving highly efficient antigen cross-presentation. The results demonstrate that spatiotemporally enhancing tumor intrinsic antigen presentation and cross-presentation via siRNA@HCM can achieve satisfactory antitumor efficacy and excellent biocompatibility. Immune infiltration analysis shows that siRNA@HCM treatment turns cold tumors into hot tumors. In addition, it significantly promotes the therapeutic effect of programmed death-1 inhibitor. In summary, virus-like nanotherapeutics present a promising approach to enhance the antitumor immune response, with distinct advantages for potential personalized therapy and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zong
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Caiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaodie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yaoqi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianci Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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2
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Ai H, Yang H, Li L, Ma J, Liu K, Li Z. Cancer/testis antigens: promising immunotherapy targets for digestive tract cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190883. [PMID: 37398650 PMCID: PMC10311965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, are the major cause of death among cancer patients worldwide due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, which limits the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods. Immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy for improving the prognosis of patients with digestive tract cancers. However, the clinical application of this approach is limited by the absence of optimal targets. Cancer/testis antigens are characterized by low or absent expression in normal tissues, but high expression in tumor tissues, making them an attractive target for antitumor immunotherapy. Recent preclinical trials have shown promising results for cancer/testis antigen-targeted immunotherapy in digestive cancer. However, practical problems and difficulties in clinical application remain. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancers, covering their expression, function, and potential as an immunotherapy target. Additionally, the current state of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancer immunotherapy is discussed, and we predict that these antigens hold great promise as an avenue for breakthroughs in the treatment of digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Ai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-United States (US) Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Filip I, Wang A, Kravets O, Orenbuch R, Zhao J, Perea-Chamblee TE, Manji GA, López de Maturana E, Malats N, Olive KP, Rabadan R. Pervasiveness of HLA allele-specific expression loss across tumor types. Genome Med 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 36759885 PMCID: PMC9912643 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient presentation of mutant peptide fragments by the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) genes is necessary for immune-mediated killing of cancer cells. According to recent reports, patient HLA-I genotypes can impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, and the somatic loss of HLA-I heterozygosity has been established as a factor in immune evasion. While global deregulated expression of HLA-I has also been reported in different tumor types, the role of HLA-I allele-specific expression loss - that is, the preferential RNA expression loss of specific HLA-I alleles - has not been fully characterized in cancer. METHODS Here, we use RNA and whole-exome sequencing data to quantify HLA-I allele-specific expression (ASE) in cancer using our novel method arcasHLA-quant. RESULTS We show that HLA-I ASE loss in at least one of the three HLA-I genes is a pervasive phenomenon across TCGA tumor types. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, tumor-specific HLA-I ASE loss is associated with decreased overall survival specifically in the basal-like subtype, a finding that we validated in an independent cohort through laser-capture microdissection. Additionally, we show that HLA-I ASE loss is associated with poor immunotherapy outcomes in metastatic melanoma through retrospective analyses. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results highlight the prevalence of HLA-I ASE loss and provide initial evidence of its clinical significance in cancer prognosis and immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Filip
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anqi Wang
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kravets
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rose Orenbuch
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomin E Perea-Chamblee
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gulam A Manji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evangelina López de Maturana
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Dada S, Ellis SLS, Wood C, Nohara LL, Dreier C, Garcia NH, Saranchova I, Munro L, Pfeifer CG, Eyford BA, Kari S, Garrovillas E, Caspani G, Al Haddad E, Gray PW, Morova T, Lack NA, Andersen RJ, Tjoelker L, Jefferies WA. Specific cannabinoids revive adaptive immunity by reversing immune evasion mechanisms in metastatic tumours. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982082. [PMID: 36923728 PMCID: PMC10010394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging cancers are sculpted by neo-Darwinian selection for superior growth and survival but minimal immunogenicity; consequently, metastatic cancers often evolve common genetic and epigenetic signatures to elude immune surveillance. Immune subversion by metastatic tumours can be achieved through several mechanisms; one of the most frequently observed involves the loss of expression or mutation of genes composing the MHC-I antigen presentation machinery (APM) that yields tumours invisible to Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the key component of the adaptive cellular immune response. Fascinating ethnographic and experimental findings indicate that cannabinoids inhibit the growth and progression of several categories of cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying these observations remain clouded in uncertainty. Here, we screened a library of cannabinoid compounds and found molecular selectivity amongst specific cannabinoids, where related molecules such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabigerol can reverse the metastatic immune escape phenotype in vitro by inducing MHC-I cell surface expression in a wide variety of metastatic tumours that subsequently sensitizing tumours to T lymphocyte recognition. Remarkably, H3K27Ac ChIPseq analysis established that cannabigerol and gamma interferon induce overlapping epigenetic signatures and key gene pathways in metastatic tumours related to cellular senescence, as well as APM genes involved in revealing metastatic tumours to the adaptive immune response. Overall, the data suggest that specific cannabinoids may have utility in cancer immunotherapy regimens by overcoming immune escape and augmenting cancer immune surveillance in metastatic disease. Finally, the fundamental discovery of the ability of cannabinoids to alter epigenetic programs may help elucidate many of the pleiotropic medicinal effects of cannabinoids on human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha L S Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christi Wood
- Biotechnology - Biomedical Science and Technology (BST), University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lilian L Nohara
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carola Dreier
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Biotechnology - Biomedical Science and Technology (BST), University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Iryna Saranchova
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl G Pfeifer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brett A Eyford
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suresh Kari
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Garrovillas
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Giorgia Caspani
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eliana Al Haddad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tunc Morova
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan A Lack
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urological Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Jongsma MLM, Neefjes J, Spaapen RM. Playing hide and seek: Tumor cells in control of MHC class I antigen presentation. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:36-44. [PMID: 34082257 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules present a blueprint of the intracellular proteome to T cells allowing them to control infection or malignant transformation. As a response, pathogens and tumor cells often downmodulate MHC-I mediated antigen presentation to escape from immune surveillance. Although the fundamental rules of antigen presentation are known in detail, the players in this system are not saturated and new modules of regulation have recently been uncovered. Here, we update the understanding of antigen presentation by MHC-I molecules and how this can be exploited by tumors to prevent exposure of the intracellular proteome. This knowledge can provide new ways to improve immune responses against tumors and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Jongsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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6
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Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has proven to be an effective treatment against cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes perform an important role in this anti-tumor immune response, recognizing cancer cells as foreign, through the presentation of tumor antigens by MHC class I molecules. However, tumors and metastases develop escape mechanisms for evading this immunosurveillance and may lose the expression of these polymorphic molecules to become invisible to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In other situations, they may maintain MHC class I expression and promote immunosuppression of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, the analysis of the expression of MHC class I molecules in tumors and metastases is important to elucidate these escape mechanisms. Moreover, it is necessary to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in these alterations to reverse them and recover the expression of MHC class I molecules on tumor cells. This review discusses the role and regulation of MHC class I expression in tumor progression. We focus on altered MHC class I phenotypes present in tumors and metastases, as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for MHC-I alterations, emphasizing the mechanisms of recovery of the MHC class I molecules expression on cancer cells. The individualized study of the HLA class I phenotype of the tumor and the metastases of each patient will allow choosing the most appropriate immunotherapy treatment based on a personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Algarra
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel M Garcia-Lora
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Unidad de Biobanco, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
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7
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Marcus D, Lieverse RIY, Klein C, Abdollahi A, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Yaromina A. Charged Particle and Conventional Radiotherapy: Current Implications as Partner for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1468. [PMID: 33806808 PMCID: PMC8005048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to interfere with inflammatory signals and to enhance tumor immunogenicity via, e.g., immunogenic cell death, thereby potentially augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. Conventional RT consists predominantly of high energy photon beams. Hypofractionated RT regimens administered, e.g., by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), are increasingly investigated in combination with cancer immunotherapy within clinical trials. Despite intensive preclinical studies, the optimal dose per fraction and dose schemes for elaboration of RT induced immunogenic potential remain inconclusive. Compared to the scenario of combined immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and RT, multimodal therapies utilizing other immunotherapy principles such as adoptive transfer of immune cells, vaccination strategies, targeted immune-cytokines and agonists are underrepresented in both preclinical and clinical settings. Despite the clinical success of ICI and RT combination, e.g., prolonging overall survival in locally advanced lung cancer, curative outcomes are still not achieved for most cancer entities studied. Charged particle RT (PRT) has gained interest as it may enhance tumor immunogenicity compared to conventional RT due to its unique biological and physical properties. However, whether PRT in combination with immune therapy will elicit superior antitumor effects both locally and systemically needs to be further investigated. In this review, the immunological effects of RT in the tumor microenvironment are summarized to understand their implications for immunotherapy combinations. Attention will be given to the various immunotherapeutic interventions that have been co-administered with RT so far. Furthermore, the theoretical basis and first evidences supporting a favorable immunogenicity profile of PRT will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiënne Marcus
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Relinde I. Y. Lieverse
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Carmen Klein
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.K.); (A.A.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 222, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.K.); (A.A.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 222, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.); (R.I.Y.L.); (P.L.); (L.J.D.)
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8
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Fein MR, He XY, Almeida AS, Bružas E, Pommier A, Yan R, Eberhardt A, Fearon DT, Van Aelst L, Wilkinson JE, Dos Santos CO, Egeblad M. Cancer cell CCR2 orchestrates suppression of the adaptive immune response. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151949. [PMID: 32667673 PMCID: PMC7537399 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is expressed on monocytes and facilitates their recruitment to tumors. Though breast cancer cells also express CCR2, its functions in these cells are unclear. We found that Ccr2 deletion in cancer cells led to reduced tumor growth and approximately twofold longer survival in an orthotopic, isograft breast cancer mouse model. Deletion of Ccr2 in cancer cells resulted in multiple alterations associated with better immune control: increased infiltration and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD103+ cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), as well as up-regulation of MHC class I and down-regulation of checkpoint regulator PD-L1 on the cancer cells. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of CCR2 increased cancer cell sensitivity to CTLs and enabled the cancer cells to induce DC maturation toward the CD103+ subtype. Consistently, Ccr2−/− cancer cells did not induce immune suppression in Batf3−/− mice lacking CD103+ DCs. Our results establish that CCR2 signaling in cancer cells can orchestrate suppression of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R Fein
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.,Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Ana S Almeida
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Emilis Bružas
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.,Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | | | - Ran Yan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.,Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Anaïs Eberhardt
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.,Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Douglas T Fearon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - John Erby Wilkinson
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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9
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Abstract
Tumors always evade immune surveillance and block T cell activation in a poorly immunogenic and immunosuppressive environment. Cancer cells and immune cells exhibit metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which intimately links immune cell function and edits tumor immunology. In addition to glucose metabolism, amino acid and lipid metabolism also provide the materials for biological processes crucial in cancer biology and pathology. Furthermore, lipid metabolism is synergistically or negatively involved in the interactions between tumors and the microenvironment and contributes to the regulation of immune cells. Antigen processing and presentation as the initiation of adaptive immune response play a critical role in antitumor immunity. Therefore, a relationship exists between antigen-presenting cells and lipid metabolism in TME. This chapter introduces the updated understandings of lipid metabolism of tumor antigen-presenting cells and describes new directions in the manipulation of immune responses for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Hu HJ, Liang X, Li HL, Du CM, Hao JL, Wang HY, Gu JF, Ni AM, Sun LY, Xiao J, Hu JQ, Yuan H, Dai YS, Jin XT, Zhang KJ, Liu XY. The armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 eradicates melanoma by turning the tumor cells from the self-state into the nonself-state besides direct killing. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1022. [PMID: 33257647 PMCID: PMC7705698 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ZD55-IL-24 is similar but superior to the oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-015, yet the exact mechanism underlying the observed therapeutic effect is still not well understood. Here we sought to elucidate the underlying antitumor mechanism of ZD55-IL-24 in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse model. We find that ZD55-IL-24 eradicates established melanoma in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model not through the classic direct killing pathway, but mainly through the indirect pathway of inducing systemic antitumor immunity. Inconsistent with the current prevailing view, our further results suggest that ZD55-IL-24 can induce antitumor immunity in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model in fact not due to its ability to lyse tumor cells and release the essential elements, such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), but due to its ability to put a “nonself” label in tumor cells and then turn the tumor cells from the “self” state into the “nonself” state without tumor cell death. The observed anti-melanoma efficacy of ZD55-IL-24 in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model was practically caused only by the viral vector. In addition, we also notice that ZD55-IL-24 can inhibit tumor growth in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model through inhibiting angiogenesis, despite it plays only a minor role. In contrast to B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model, ZD55-IL-24 eliminates established melanoma in A375-bearing immunocompromised mouse model mainly through the classic direct killing pathway, but not through the antitumor immunity pathway and anti-angiogenesis pathway. These findings let us know ZD55-IL-24 more comprehensive and profound, and provide a sounder theoretical foundation for its future modification and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, 361023, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Ming Du
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Hao
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huai-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Fa Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Min Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Song Dai
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Jin
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Sabbatino F, Liguori L, Polcaro G, Salvato I, Caramori G, Salzano FA, Casolaro V, Stellato C, Dal Col J, Pepe S. Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen System as A Predictive Biomarker for Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197295. [PMID: 33023239 PMCID: PMC7582904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have clearly shown that checkpoint-based immunotherapy is effective in a small subgroup of cancer patients. However, no effective predictive biomarker has been identified so far. The major histocompatibility complex, better known in humans as human leukocyte antigen (HLA), is a very polymorphic gene complex consisting of more than 200 genes. It has a crucial role in activating an appropriate host immune response against pathogens and tumor cells by discriminating self and non-self peptides. Several lines of evidence have shown that down-regulation of expression of HLA class I antigen derived peptide complexes by cancer cells is a mechanism of tumor immune escape and is often associated to poor prognosis in cancer patients. In addition, it has also been shown that HLA class I and II antigen expression, as well as defects in the antigen processing machinery complex, may predict tumor responses in cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the role of HLA in predicting tumor responses to checkpoint-based immunotherapy is still debated. In this review, firstly, we will describe the structure and function of the HLA system. Secondly, we will summarize the HLA defects and their clinical significance in cancer patients. Thirdly, we will review the potential role of the HLA as a predictive biomarker for checkpoint-based immunotherapy in cancer patients. Lastly, we will discuss the potential strategies that may restore HLA function to implement novel therapeutic strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
- Oncology Unit, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Luigi Liguori
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Polcaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Ilaria Salvato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
- Pulmonary Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry, Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pulmonary Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry, Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco A. Salzano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08996-5210
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ’Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (F.S.); (G.P.); (I.S.); (F.A.S.); (V.C.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
- Oncology Unit, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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12
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Pinheiro PF, Justino GC, Marques MM. NKp30 - A prospective target for new cancer immunotherapy strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4563-4580. [PMID: 32737988 PMCID: PMC7520444 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important arm of the innate immune system. They constitutively express the NKp30 receptor. NKp30-mediated responses are triggered by the binding of specific ligands e.g. tumour cell-derived B7-H6 and involve the secretion of cytotoxic mediators including TNF-α, IFN-γ, perforins and granzymes. The latter two constitute a target cell-directed response that is critical in the process of immunosurveillance. The structure of NKp30 is presented, focusing on the ligand-binding site, on the ligand-induced structural changes and on the experimental data available correlating structure and binding affinity. The translation of NKp30 structural changes to disease progression is also reviewed. NKp30 role in immunotherapy has been explored in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. However, antibodies or small ligands targeting NKp30 have not yet been developed. The data reviewed herein unveil the key structural aspects that must be considered for drug design in order to develop novel immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F. Pinheiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Gonçalo C. Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - M. Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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13
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Glynne-Jones R, Hall M, Nagtegaal ID. The optimal timing for the interval to surgery after short course preoperative radiotherapy (5 ×5 Gy) in rectal cancer - are we too eager for surgery? Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102104. [PMID: 33002819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The improved overall survival (OS) after short course preoperative radiotherapy (SCPRT) using 5 × 5 Gy reported in the early rectal cancer trials could not be replicated in subsequent phase III trials. This original survival advantage is attributed to poor quality of surgery and the large differential in local recurrence rates, with and without SCPRT. Immuno-modulation during and after SCPRT and its clinical implications have been poorly investigated. We propose an alternative explanation for this survival benefit in terms of immunological mechanisms induced by SCPRT and the timing of surgery, which may validate the concept of consolidation chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and studies of SCPRT from 1985 to 2019. We aimed to examine the precise timing of surgery in days following SCPRT and identify evidence for immune modulation, neo-antigens and memory cell induction by radiation. RESULTS Considerable variability is reported in randomised trials for median overall treatment time (OTT) from start of SCPRT to surgery (8-14 days). Only three early trials showed a benefit in terms of OS from SCPRT, although the level of benefit in preventing local recurrence was consistent across all trials. Different patterns of immune effects are observed within days after SCPRT depending on the OTT, but human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-1 expression was not upregulated. CONCLUSIONS SCPRT has a substantial immune-stimulatory potential. The importance of the timing of surgery after SCPRT may have been underestimated. An optimal interval for surgery after 5 × 5 Gy may lead to better outcomes, which is possibly exploited in total neoadjuvant therapy schedules using consolidation chemotherapy. Individual patient meta-analyses from appropriate SCPRT trials examining outcomes for each day and prospective trials are needed to clarify the validity of this hypothesis. The interaction of SCPRT with tumour adaptive immunology, in particular the kinetics and timing, should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glynne-Jones
- Radiotherapy Department, Mount Vernon Centre for Cancer Treatment, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2RN, United Kingdom.
| | - M Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Centre for Cancer Treatment, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2RN, United Kingdom
| | - I D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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14
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Wang Y, Wang X, Cui X, Zhuo Y, Li H, Ha C, Xin L, Ren Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Ge L, Liu X, He J, Zhang T, Zhang K, Yao Z, Yang X, Yang J. Oncoprotein SND1 hijacks nascent MHC-I heavy chain to ER-associated degradation, leading to impaired CD8 + T cell response in tumor. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba5412. [PMID: 32917674 PMCID: PMC7259962 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
SND1 is highly expressed in various cancers. Here, we identify oncoprotein SND1 as a previously unidentified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated protein. The amino-terminal peptide of SND1 predominantly associates with SEC61A, which anchors on ER membrane. The SN domain of SND1 catches and guides the nascent synthesized heavy chain (HC) of MHC-I to ER-associated degradation (ERAD), hindering the normal assembly of MHC-I in the ER lumen. In mice model bearing tumors, especially in transgenic OT-I mice, deletion of SND1 promotes the presentation of MHC-I in both B16F10 and MC38 cells, and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells is notably increased in tumor tissue. It was further confirmed that SND1 impaired tumor antigen presentation to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells both in vivo and in vitro. These findings reveal SND1 as a novel ER-associated protein facilitating immune evasion of tumor cells through redirecting HC to ERAD pathway that consequently interrupts antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanbo Ha
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyan He
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Garrido F, Aptsiauri N. Cancer immune escape: MHC expression in primary tumours versus metastases. Immunology 2019; 158:255-266. [PMID: 31509607 PMCID: PMC6856929 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours can escape T-cell responses by losing major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/ human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. In the early stages of cancer development, primary tumours are composed of homogeneous HLA class I-positive cancer cells. Subsequently, infiltration of the tumour by T cells generates a vast diversity of tumour clones with different MHC class I expressions. A Darwinian type of T-cell-mediated immune selection results in a tumour composed solely of MHC class I-negative cells. Metastatic colonization is a highly complex phenomenon in which T lymphocytes and natural killer cells play a major role. We have obtained evidence that the MHC class I phenotype of metastatic colonies can be highly diverse and is not necessarily the same as that of the primary tumour. The molecular mechanisms responsible for MHC/HLA class I alterations are an important determinant of the clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. Hence, immunotherapy can successfully up-regulate MHC/HLA class I expression if the alteration is reversible ('soft'), leading to T-cell-mediated tumour regression. In contrast, it cannot recover this expression if the alteration is irreversible ('hard'), when tumour cells escape T-cell-mediated destruction with subsequent cancer progression. This review summarizes clinical and experimental data on the complexity of immune escape mechanisms used by tumour cells to avoid T and natural killer cell responses. We also provide in-depth analysis of the nature of MHC/HLA class I changes during metastatic colonization and contribute evidence of the enormous diversity of MHC/HLA class I phenotypes that can be produced by tumour cells during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Analisis Clínicos e InmunologíaUGC Laboratorio ClínicoHospital Universitario Virgen de las NievesGranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs (A‐08)GranadaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología IIIFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs (A‐08)GranadaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología IIIFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
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16
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Marco-Brualla J, Al-Wasaby S, Soler R, Romanos E, Conde B, Justo-Méndez R, Enríquez JA, Fernández-Silva P, Martínez-Lostao L, Villalba M, Moreno-Loshuertos R, Anel A. Mutations in the ND2 Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex I Are Sufficient to Confer Increased Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential to Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1027. [PMID: 31330915 PMCID: PMC6678765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiprotein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain form associations to generate supercomplexes. The relationship between tumor cell ability to assemble mitochondrial supercomplexes, tumorigenesis and metastasis has not been studied thoroughly. The mitochondrial and metabolic differences between L929dt cells, which lost matrix attachment and MHC-I expression, and their parental cell line L929, were analyzed. L929dt cells have lower capacity to generate energy through OXPHOS and lower respiratory capacity than parental L929 cells. Most importantly, L929dt cells show defects in mitochondrial supercomplex assembly, especially in those that contain complex I. These defects correlate with mtDNA mutations in L929dt cells at the ND2 subunit of complex I and are accompanied by a glycolytic shift. In addition, L929dt cells show higher in vivo tumorigenic and metastatic potential than the parental cell line. Cybrids with L929dt mitochondria in L929 nuclear background reproduce all L929dt properties, demonstrating that mitochondrial mutations are responsible for the aggressive tumor phenotype. In spite of their higher tumorigenic potential, L929dt or mitochondrial L929dt cybrid cells are sensitive both in vitro and in vivo to the PDK1 inhibitor dichloroacetate, which favors OXPHOS, suggesting benefits for the use of metabolic inhibitors in the treatment of especially aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Marco-Brualla
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sameer Al-Wasaby
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ruth Soler
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romanos
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Center for Research in Biomedicine, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus San Francisco Square, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - José A Enríquez
- Carlos III National Center for Cardiovascular Research, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Fernández-Silva
- GENOXPHOS Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Martín Villalba
- The National Institute of Biomedical Research (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, The University of Montpellier, The Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IRMB, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos
- GENOXPHOS Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alberto Anel
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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17
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Holubova M, Leba M, Gmucova H, Caputo VS, Jindra P, Lysak D. Improving the Clinical Application of Natural Killer Cells by Modulating Signals Signal from Target Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143472. [PMID: 31311121 PMCID: PMC6679089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a significant post-transplant complication lacking standard treatment and associated with a poor prognosis. Cellular therapy, which is already widely used as a treatment for several hematological malignancies, could be a potential treatment alternative. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in relapse control but can be inhibited by the leukemia cells highly positive for HLA class I. In order to restore NK cell activity after their ex vivo activation, NK cells can be combined with conditioning target cells. In this study, we tested NK cell activity against KG1a (AML cell line) with and without two types of pretreatment—Ara-C treatment that induced NKG2D ligands (increased activating signal) and/or blocking of HLA–KIR (killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors) interaction (decreased inhibitory signal). Both treatments improved NK cell killing activity. Compared with target cell killing of NK cells alone (38%), co-culture with Ara-C treated KG1a target cells increased the killing to 80%. Anti-HLA blocking antibody treatment increased the proportion of dead KG1a cells to 53%. Interestingly, the use of the combination treatment improved the killing potential to led to the death of 85% of KG1a cells. The combination of Ara-C and ex vivo activation of NK cells has the potential to be a feasible approach to treat relapsed AML after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Leba
- Faculty of Applied Science, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Gmucova
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Lysak
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
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18
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Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases have been classified as non-communicable diseases for decades. Both diseases have characteristics of immune reactions, which are principally identical, but differing in important aspects. The aim of this communication is to highlight new approaches to immune processes involved in both types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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19
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Abstract
In this chapter I describe Tumour Immune Escape mechanisms associated with MHC/HLA class I loss in human and experimental tumours. Different altered HLA class-I phenotypes can be observed that are produced by different molecular mechanisms. Experimental and histological evidences are summarized indicating that at the early stages of tumour development there is an enormous variety of tumour clones with different MHC class I expression patterns. This phase is followed by a strong T cell mediated immune-selection of MHC/HLA class-I negative tumour cells in the primary tumour lesion. This transition period results in a formation of a tumour composed only of HLA-class I negative cells. An updated description of this process observed in a large variety of human tumors is included. In the second section I focus on MHC/HLA class I alterations observed in mouse and human metastases, and describe the generation of different tumor cell clones with altered MHC class I phenotypes, which could be similar or different from the original tumor clone. The biological and immunological relevance of these observations is discussed. Finally, the interesting phenomenon of metastatic dormancy is analyzed in association with a particular MHC class I negative tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Analisis Clinicos e Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Li W, Wang J. Uncovering the underlying physical mechanism for cancer-immunity of MHC class I diversity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:532-7. [PMID: 30197004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer cells are heterogeneous populated, which can be classified as MHC class I positive and MHC I class negative. They influence the immune system differently. In this work, we build a core cancer-immune circuit of MHC class I diversity including MHC class I positive cancer type, MHC I class I negative cancer type and 4 immune cell types to uncover the underlying mechanism of the cancer immunity based on the underlying landscape topography. We quantify four steady state attractors, normal state, two low cancer states and a high cancer state. The landscape topography changes upon changes in cancer self-activation and the related killing rate of the killer cells are illustrated. It demonstrates that the competition between the two cancer cell types. We simulate the tumorigenesis and development of cancer according to its biological process and classify these into 7 stages. This landscape framework provides a quantitative way to understand characteristics of these two cancer cell types under immune microenvironment and the underlying physical mechanisms of cancer cell evolution along cancer development.
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21
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Bandola-Simon J, Roche PA. Dysfunction of antigen processing and presentation by dendritic cells in cancer. Mol Immunol 2018; 113:31-37. [PMID: 29628265 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to mount an effective anti-tumor immune response requires coordinate control of CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell function by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Unfortunately, tumors create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that helps protect tumor cells from immune recognition. In many cases this defect can be traced back to a failure of APCs (most importantly dendritic cells (DCs)) to recognize, process, and present tumor antigens to T cells. In this review, we will summarize work addressing the role of different DC subsets in anti-tumor immunity and the various mechanisms used by tumor cells to suppress the ability of APCs to stimulate potent anti-tumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bandola-Simon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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22
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Aptsiauri N, Ruiz-Cabello F, Garrido F. The transition from HLA-I positive to HLA-I negative primary tumors: the road to escape from T-cell responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:123-132. [PMID: 29567511 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MHC/HLA class I loss in cancer is one of the main mechanisms of tumor immune escape from T-cell recognition and destruction. Tumor infiltration by T lymphocytes (TILs) and by other immune cells was first described many years ago, but has never been directly and clearly linked to the destruction of HLA-I positive and selection of HLA-I negative tumor cells. The degree and the pattern of lymphocyte infiltration in a tumor nest may depend on antigenicity and the developmental stages of the tumors. In addition, it is becoming evident that HLA-I expression and tumor infiltration have a direct correlation with tumor tissue reorganization. We observed that at early stages (permissive Phase I) tumors are heterogeneous, with both HLA-I positive and HLA-negative cancer cells, and are infiltrated by TILs and M1 macrophages as a part of an active anti-tumor Th1 response. At later stages (encapsulated Phase II), tumor nests are mostly HLA-I negative with immune cells residing in the peri-tumoral stroma, which forms a granuloma-like encapsulated tissue structure. All these tumor characteristics, including tumor HLA-I expression pattern, have an important clinical prognostic value and should be closely and routinely investigated in different types of cancer by immunologists and by pathologists. In this review we summarize our current viewpoint about the alterations in HLA-I expression in cancer and discuss how, when and why tumor HLA-I losses occur. We also provide evidence for the negative impact of tumor HLA-I loss in current cancer immunotherapies, with the focus on reversible ('soft') and irreversible ('hard') HLA-I defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Aptsiauri
- Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs, 18014 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular e Inmunologia III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Analisis Clinicos e Inmunologia, UGC Laboratorio Clinico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs, 18014 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular e Inmunologia III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Analisis Clinicos e Inmunologia, UGC Laboratorio Clinico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs, 18014 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular e Inmunologia III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
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23
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Petretto A, Carbotti G, Inglese E, Lavarello C, Pistillo MP, Rigo V, Croce M, Longo L, Martini S, Vacca P, Ferrini S, Fabbi M. Proteomic analysis uncovers common effects of IFN-γ and IL-27 on the HLA class I antigen presentation machinery in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72518-72536. [PMID: 27683036 PMCID: PMC5341926 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a member of the IL-12-family of cytokines, has shown anti-tumor activity in several pre-clinical models due to anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and immune-enhancing effects. On the other hand, IL-27 demonstrated immune regulatory activities and inhibition of auto-immunity in mouse models. Also, we reported that IL-27, similar to IFN-γ, induces the expression of IL-18BP, IDO and PD-L1 immune regulatory molecules in human cancer cells. Here, a proteomic analysis reveals that IL-27 and IFN-γ display a broad overlap of functions on human ovarian cancer cells. Indeed, among 990 proteins modulated by either cytokine treatment in SKOV3 cells, 814 showed a concordant modulation by both cytokines, while a smaller number (176) were differentially modulated. The most up-regulated proteins were common to both IFN-γ and IL-27. In addition, functional analysis of IL-27-regulated protein networks highlighted pathways of interferon signaling and regulation, antigen presentation, protection from natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, regulation of protein polyubiquitination and proteasome, aminoacid catabolism and regulation of viral protein levels. Importantly, we found that IL-27 induced HLA class I molecule expression in human cancer cells of different histotypes, including tumor cells showing very low expression. IL-27 failed only in a cancer cell line bearing a homozygous deletion in the B2M gene. Altogether, these data point out to a broad set of activities shared by IL-27 and IFN-γ, which are dependent on the common activation of the STAT1 pathway. These data add further explanation to the anti-tumor activity of IL-27 and also to its dual role in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Proteomics Laboratory, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Grazia Carbotti
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvira Inglese
- Core Facilities-Proteomics Laboratory, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Core Facilities-Proteomics Laboratory, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pistillo
- Tumor Epigenetics Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Rigo
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Croce
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Martini
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrini
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Fabbi
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
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24
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Abstract
Aim: Expression of PD-1 on T/B cells regulates peripheral tolerance and autoimmunity. Binding of PD-1 to its ligand, PD-L1, leads to protection against self-reactivity. In contrary, tumor cells have evolved immune escape mechanisms whereby overexpression of PD-L1 induces anergy and/or apoptosis of PD-1 positive T cells by interfering with T cell receptor signal transduction. PD-L1 and PD-1 blockade using antibodies are in human clinical trials as an alternative cancer treatment modality. Areas covered: We describe the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in disease in the context of autoimmunity, neurological disorders, stroke and cancer. Conclusion: For immunotherapy/vaccines to be successful, the expression of PD-L1/PD-1 on immune cells should be considered, and the combination of checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines may pave the way for successful outcomes to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyanbol Kuol
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia
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25
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Romero I, Garrido C, Algarra I, Chamorro V, Collado A, Garrido F, Garcia-Lora AM. MHC Intratumoral Heterogeneity May Predict Cancer Progression and Response to Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:102. [PMID: 29434605 PMCID: PMC5796886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual tumor can present intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity, containing tumor cells with different phenotypes that do not present irreversible genetic alterations. We have developed a mouse cancer model, named GR9, derived from a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma that was adapted to tissue culture and cloned into different tumor cell lines. The clones showed diverse MHC-I phenotypes, ranging from highly positive to weakly positive MHC-I expression. These MHC-I alterations are due to reversible molecular mechanisms, because surface MHC-I could be recovered by IFN-γ treatment. Cell clones with high MHC-I expression demonstrated low local oncogenicity and high spontaneous metastatic capacity, whereas MHC-I-low clones showed high local oncogenicity and no spontaneous metastatic capacity. Although MHC-I-low clones did not metastasize, they produced MHC-I-positive dormant micrometastases controlled by the host immune system, i.e., in a state of immunodormancy. The metastatic capacity of each clone was directly correlated with the host T-cell subpopulations; thus, a strong decrease in cytotoxic and helper T lymphocytes was observed in mice with numerous metastases derived from MHC-I positive tumor clones but a strong increase was observed in those with dormant micrometastases. Immunotherapy was administered to the hosts after excision of the primary tumor, producing a recovery in their immune status and leading to the complete eradication of overt spontaneous metastases or their decrease. According to these findings, the combination of MHC-I surface expression in primary tumor and metastases with host T-cell subsets may be a decisive indicator of the clinical outcome and response to immunotherapy in metastatic disease, allowing the identification of responders to this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Romero
- UGC Laboratorios, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina Garrido
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Algarra
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Virginia Chamorro
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonia Collado
- Unidad de Biobanco, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel M Garcia-Lora
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
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26
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Aust S, Felix S, Auer K, Bachmayr-Heyda A, Kenner L, Dekan S, Meier SM, Gerner C, Grimm C, Pils D. Absence of PD-L1 on tumor cells is associated with reduced MHC I expression and PD-L1 expression increases in recurrent serous ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42929. [PMID: 28266500 DOI: 10.1038/srep42929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-evasion and immune checkpoints are promising new therapeutic targets for several cancer entities. In ovarian cancer, the clinical role of programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as mechanism to escape immune recognition has not been clarified yet. We analyzed PD-L1 expression of primary ovarian and peritoneal tumor tissues together with several other parameters (whole transcriptomes of isolated tumor cells, local and systemic immune cells, systemic cytokines and metabolites) and compared PD-L1 expression between primary tumor and tumor recurrences. All expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I genes were negatively correlated to PD-L1 abundances on tumor tissues, indicating two mutually exclusive immune-evasion mechanisms in ovarian cancer: either down-regulation of T-cell mediated immunity by PD-L1 expression or silencing of self-antigen presentation by down-regulation of the MHC I complex. In our cohort and in most of published evidences in ovarian cancer, low PD-L1 expression is associated with unfavorable outcome. Differences in immune cell populations, cytokines, and metabolites strengthen this picture and suggest the existence of concurrent pathways for progression of this disease. Furthermore, recurrences showed significantly increased PD-L1 expression compared to the primary tumors, supporting trials of checkpoint inhibition in the recurrent setting.
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27
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Zhang YH, Xing Z, Liu C, Wang S, Huang T, Cai YD, Kong X. Identification of the core regulators of the HLA I-peptide binding process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42768. [PMID: 28211542 PMCID: PMC5314381 DOI: 10.1038/srep42768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the display of peptide/human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -I complex for further immune recognition, the cleaved and transported antigenic peptides have to bind to HLA-I protein and the binding affinity between peptide epitopes and HLA proteins directly influences the immune recognition ability in human beings. Key factors affecting the binding affinity during the generation, selection and presentation processes of HLA-I complex have not yet been fully discovered. In this study, a new method describing the HLA class I-peptide interactions was proposed. Three hundred and forty features of HLA I proteins and peptide sequences were utilized for analysis by four candidate algorithms, screening the optimal classifier. Features derived from the optimal classifier were further selected and systematically analyzed, revealing the core regulators. The results validated the hypothesis that features of HLA I proteins and related peptides simultaneously affect the binding process, though with discrepant redundancy. Besides, the high relative ratio (16/20) of the amino acid composition features suggests the unique role of sequence signatures for the binding processes. Integrating biological, evolutionary and chemical features of both HLA I molecules and peptides, this study may provide a new perspective of the underlying mechanisms of HLA I-mediated immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xing
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - ShaoPeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
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28
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Abstract
Most tumor cells derive from MHC-I-positive normal counterparts and remain positive at early stages of tumor development. T lymphocytes can infiltrate tumor tissue, recognize and destroy MHC class I (MHC-I)-positive cancer cells ("permissive" phase I). Later, MHC-I-negative tumor cell variants resistant to T-cell killing emerge. During this process, tumors first acquire a heterogeneous MHC-I expression pattern and finally become uniformly MHC-I-negative. This stage (phase II) represents a "non-permissive" encapsulated structure with tumor nodes surrounded by fibrous tissue containing different elements including leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, etc. Molecular mechanisms responsible for total or partial MHC-I downregulation play a crucial role in determining and predicting the antigen-presenting capacity of cancer cells. MHC-I downregulation caused by reversible ("soft") lesions can be upregulated by TH1-type cytokines released into the tumor microenvironment in response to different types of immunotherapy. In contrast, when the molecular mechanism of the tumor MHC-I loss is irreversible ("hard") due to a genetic defect in the gene/s coding for MHC-I heavy chains (chromosome 6) or beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) (chromosome 15), malignant cells are unable to upregulate MHC-I, remain undetectable by cytotoxic T-cells, and continue to grow and metastasize. Based on the tumor MHC-I molecular analysis, it might be possible to define MHC-I phenotypes present in cancer patients in order to distinguish between non-responders, partial/short-term responders, and likely durable responders. This highlights the need for designing strategies to enhance tumor MHC-I expression that would allow CTL-mediated tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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29
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Lennicke C, Rahn J, Bukur J, Hochgräfe F, Wessjohann LA, Lichtenfels R, Seliger B. Modulation of MHC class I surface expression in B16F10 melanoma cells by methylseleninic acid. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1259049. [PMID: 28680742 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1259049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential trace element selenium (Se) might play a role in cancer prevention as well as for cancer therapy. Its metabolite methylselenol is able to kill cells through distinct mechanisms including induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and apoptosis. Since methylselenol affects innate immune responses by modulating the expression of NKG2D ligands, the aim of this study was to determine whether the methylselenol generating compound methylseleninic acid (MSA) influences the expression of the MHC class I surface antigens and growth properties thereby reverting immune escape. Treatment of B16F10 melanoma cells expressing low basal MHC class I surface antigens with dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) and MSA, but not with selenomethionine and selenite resulted in a dose-dependent upregulation of MHC class I cell surface antigens. This was due to a transcriptional upregulation of some major components of the antigen processing machinery (APM) and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and accompanied by a reduced migration of B16F10 melanoma cells in the presence of MSA. Comparative "ome"-based profilings of untreated and MSA-treated melanoma cells linked the anti-oxidative response system with MHC class I antigen processing. Since MSA treatment enhanced MHC class I surface expression also on different human tumors cell lines, MSA might affect the malignant phenotype of various tumor cells by restoring MHC class I APM component expression due to an altered redox status and by partially mimicking IFN-gamma signaling thereby providing a novel mechanism for the chemotherapeutic potential of methylselenol generating Se compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lennicke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jette Rahn
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jürgen Bukur
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Falko Hochgräfe
- Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, Competence Center Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Lichtenfels
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Garrido F, Aptsiauri N, Doorduijn EM, Garcia Lora AM, van Hall T. The urgent need to recover MHC class I in cancers for effective immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 39:44-51. [PMID: 26796069 PMCID: PMC5138279 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape compromises the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Loss of MHC class I expression is a frequent event in cancer cells. Three tumor phenotypes determine cancer fate: escape, rejection and dormancy. Recovery of MHC class I expression is required to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Immune escape strategies aimed to avoid T-cell recognition, including the loss of tumor MHC class I expression, are commonly found in malignant cells. Tumor immune escape has proven to have a negative effect on the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy, including treatment with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to overcome tumor immune evasion. MHC class I antigen presentation is often affected in human cancers and the capacity to induce upregulation of MHC class I cell surface expression is a critical step in the induction of tumor rejection. This review focuses on characterization of rejection, escape, and dormant profiles of tumors and its microenvironment with a special emphasis on the tumor MHC class I expression. We also discuss possible approaches to recover MHC class I expression on tumor cells harboring reversible/‘soft’ or irreversible/‘hard’ genetic lesions. Such MHC class I recovery approaches might well synergize with complementary forms of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular III e Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS.Granada), Granada, Spain.
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Elien M Doorduijn
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angel M Garcia Lora
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
TNF has been associated with both inhibition and promotion of tumor growth. We recently described a mechanism by which tumor cells attract TNF producing cells via expression of MHC class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Donia
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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