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Quintana-Mendias E, Rodríguez-Villalobos JM, Gastelum-Arellanez A, Cervantes N, Carrasco-Legleu CE, Espino-Solis GP. The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on Natural Killer Cells Populations and Cytokine Levels in Healthy Women. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:189. [PMID: 37888516 PMCID: PMC10611276 DOI: 10.3390/sports11100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise generates a systemic response in the immune system. It has been observed that cell populations respond to exercise stimuli, especially Natural Killer cells, whose number increase within minutes of starting physical exertion. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of moderate- and high-intensity exercise on immunological markers in healthy women. As specific objectives, the percentages of CD3-CD56+ Natural Killer total cells, CD56brightCD16dim effector subpopulation, CD56dimCD16bright cytotoxic subpopulation, NKG2A inhibition receptor, NKG2D activation receptor, and NKT cells were analyzed. In addition, the levels of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF and the chemokines CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG, CCL2/MCP-1, and CXCL10/IP-10 were also analyzed. Natural Killer total cells showed an increase in their percentage in both exercise protocols (p = 0.001 for the moderate-intensity group and p = 0.023 for the high-intensity group); however, only in the high-intensity exercise session was there an increase in the CD56dimCD16bright cytotoxic subpopulation (p = 0.014), as well as a decrease in CD56brightCD16dim effector subpopulation (p = 0.001) and their NKG2A inhibition receptor (p = 0.043). An increase in IL-6 was observed after the high-intensity exercise session (p = 0.025). Conclusions. Physical exercise influences immunological markers and shows an acute response to moderate- or high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Quintana-Mendias
- Research Laboratories, Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Periférico de la Juventud y Circuito Universitario S/N. Fracc, Campo Bello 31125, Mexico
| | - Judith M Rodríguez-Villalobos
- Research Laboratories, Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Periférico de la Juventud y Circuito Universitario S/N. Fracc, Campo Bello 31125, Mexico
| | - Argel Gastelum-Arellanez
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Av. Benjamín Franklin No. 4650, Zona Pronaf Condominio La Plata, Cd Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Natanael Cervantes
- Research Laboratories, Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Periférico de la Juventud y Circuito Universitario S/N. Fracc, Campo Bello 31125, Mexico
| | - Claudia E Carrasco-Legleu
- Research Laboratories, Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Periférico de la Juventud y Circuito Universitario S/N. Fracc, Campo Bello 31125, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pavel Espino-Solis
- National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Faculty of Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
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Brach M, de Bruin ED, Levin O, Hinrichs T, Zijlstra W, Netz Y. Evidence-based yet still challenging! Research on physical activity in old age. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023; 20:7. [PMID: 36932320 PMCID: PMC10022149 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-023-00318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving functional health and quality-of-life in old age is a major goal and global challenge in public health. The high rate of sedentary behavior that is characteristic of the older adult population exacerbates impairments of physiological and structural systems that are typically seen in the aging process. Achieving an understanding of the profound influence of physical activity on all aspects of health in old age is the driving force behind the emergence of "physical activity in old age" as a growing area of research. Accumulated evidence implies that being physically active and exercising is far superior to other optimal aging facilitators. Yet this area of research faces numerous constraints and obstacles. This commentary addresses some of these challenges, primarily the heterogeneity of the aging process, which induces both inter- and intra-individual differences among aged individuals, heterogeneity in assessment tools, unjustified inclusion/exclusion criteria and insufficient recruitment strategies, difficulties in implementing research results in real-world conditions, and rudimentary exploitation of innovative technology. We explain the importance of establishing a network of multidisciplinary scientists and stakeholders to propose consensus-based goals and scientifically evidenced wide-ranging plans for dealing with these challenges. In addition, we suggest work directions for this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brach
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Department of Health, OST – Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oron Levin
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wiebren Zijlstra
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yael Netz
- Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center, The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Quan XQ, Ruan L, Zhou HR, Gao WL, Zhang Q, Zhang CT. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220557. [PMID: 36816803 PMCID: PMC9922058 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-related decline in T-cell function among elderly individuals remains unclear. We thus investigated the interrelationship between T-cell subsets and age to identify the changes in T-cell phenotypes and develop an age prediction model for the elderly population. A total of 127 individuals aged >60 years were divided into three groups (youngest-old group, 61-70 years, n = 34; middle-old group, 71-80 years, n = 53; and oldest-old group, ≥ 81 years, n = 40). The percentage of CD8+CD28- cells (P = 0.001) was highest in the oldest-old group and then followed by the middle-old group, while the youngest-old group was the lowest. Both females and males demonstrated significant decreases in the absolute counts of CD4+CD45RA+ cells (P = 0.020; P = 0.002) and CD8+CD28+ cells (P = 0.015; P = 0.005) with age. Multivariate linear regression showed that the percentage of CD8+CD28- cells (P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of aging after adjusting for sex, body mass index, hospitalization duration, smoking, drinking, chronic medical illness, and medications at admission. In conclusion, our results suggest that aging in elderly individuals is accompanied by a decrease in the counts of T-cell subpopulations. CD8+CD28- cells may be potential targets for elderly individuals in antiaging-related immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hai-Rong Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wei-Liang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cun-Tai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Padilha CS, Kushkestani M, Baptista LP, Krüger K, Lira FS. Autophagy of naïve CD4(+) T cells in aging - the role of body adiposity and physical fitness. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e9. [PMID: 36655333 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased exponentially in the last century accompanied by disability, poor quality of life, and all-cause mortality in older age due to the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in older people. Biologically, the aging process reduces the cell's metabolic and functional efficiency, and disrupts the cell's anabolic and catabolic homeostasis, predisposing older people to many dysfunctional conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and diabetes. In the immune system, aging also alters cells' metabolic and functional efficiency, a process known as 'immunosenescence', where cells become more broadly inflammatory and their functionality is altered. Notably, autophagy, the conserved and important cellular process that maintains the cell's efficiency and functional homeostasis may protect the immune system from age-associated dysfunctional changes by regulating cell death in activated CD4+ T cells. This regulatory process increases the delivery of the dysfunctional cytoplasmic material to lysosomal degradation while increasing cytokine production, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses. Poor proliferation and diminished responsiveness to cytokines appear to be ubiquitous features of aged T cells and may explain the delayed peak in T cell expansion and cytotoxic activity commonly observed in the 'immunosenescence' phenotype in the elderly. On the other hand, physical exercise stimulates the expression of crucial nutrient sensors and inhibits the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade which increases autophagic activity in cells. Therefore, in this perspective review, we will first contextualize the overall view of the autophagy process and then, we will discuss how body adiposity and physical fitness may counteract autophagy in naïve CD4+ T cells in aging.
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Perrier F, Ghiasvand R, Lergenmuller S, Robsahm TE, Green AC, Borch KB, Sandanger TM, Weiderpass E, Rueegg CS, Veierød MB. Life-Course Trajectories of Physical Activity and Melanoma Risk in a Large Cohort of Norwegian Women. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1571-1584. [PMID: 36578536 PMCID: PMC9791937 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s382454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone in disease prevention and varies throughout life. A pooled analysis of cohort studies and a meta-analysis of cohort studies found positive associations between PA and melanoma risk. However, previous studies focused on PA at specific ages and often lacked information on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Using the population-based Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort, including information on PA and UVR exposure, we estimated life-course PA trajectories from adolescence to adulthood and their associations with melanoma. Methods Total PA across different domains (recreation, occupation, transport, household) was reported for ages 14 and 30 years, and when responding to the questionnaire (31-76 years) using a 10-point scale, validated to rank PA levels in Norwegian females. We estimated life-course PA trajectories using a latent class mixed model in 152,248 women divided into three subcohorts depending on age at questionnaire completion: 31-39 (n = 27,098), 40-49 (n = 52,515) and ≥50 years (n = 72,635). The unique 11-digit identity number of Norwegian citizens was used to link NOWAC to the Cancer Registry of Norway for information on cancer diagnoses, emigration and death. Associations between PA trajectories and melanoma risk were estimated in each subcohort using multivariable Cox regression. Results Five classes of individual life-course PA trajectories were identified in subcohort 31-39 years (low, moderate, high, decreasing, increasing PA) and four in subcohorts 40-49 and ≥50 years (low, moderate, high, decreasing PA). No significant association was found between life-course PA trajectories and melanoma risk in any subcohort. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the high versus moderate trajectory were 0.92 (0.66-1.29), 1.15 (0.97-1.37) and 0.90 (0.78-1.05) for subcohorts 31-39, 40-49 and ≥50 years, respectively. Conclusion Our results do not support a positive association between PA and melanoma risk found in previous studies, which is important for public health guidelines promoting regular PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Perrier
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Lergenmuller
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adele C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Manchester and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristin B Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Corina S Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Veljković M, Pavlović DR, Stojanović NM, Džopalić T, Popović Dragonjić L. Behavioral and Dietary Habits That Could Influence Both COVID-19 and Non-Communicable Civilization Disease Prevention-What Have We Learned Up to Now? Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:1686. [PMID: 36422225 PMCID: PMC9695647 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The massive expansion of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has urged countries to introduce lockdowns and set restrictive actions worldwide. The focus of the studies was to determine how COVID-19 induces damage to the lungs in order to find an alternative or adjuvant therapy that could lead to preventing COVID-19 or at least ameliorating it. This paper aims to survey the literature and provide new insights into behavioral and dietary habits that could influence the prevention of COVID-19. Maintaining an adequate mental health status, sleep, and taking moderate exercise are often disrupted in the conditions of lockdown and are followed by weakened immunity. Mediterranean and vegetarian diets are superior to other eating patterns in terms of immunity boosting and fighting COVID-19. Our study showed how adequate hydration, green tea intake, and supplementation with vitamins D, C, and E can increase our chances of avoiding the infection and even help us sleep better. Another focus of the research was on determining what level of hygiene really increases one's chances of not contracting SARS-CoV-2, but this seems a little counter-intuitive at first. Since an immunocompromised state is a familiar predisposing factor for all contagious diseases, maintaining healthy behavioral and dietary habits could be a crucial step in boosting immunity and preventing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Veljković
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dragana R. Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Tanja Džopalić
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Lidija Popović Dragonjić
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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de Carvalho-costa TM, do Carmo Neto JR, Teodoro AGF, Soares FZ, Rochael LP, de Assunção TFS, de Souza BC, Matos BS, dos Santos PDF, Silva DAA, Machado JR, da Silva PR, Tiburcio-costa MGS, de Oliveira CJF, Júnior VR, Rodrigues DBR, da Silva MV, Georgieva M. Immunophenotypic Analysis of T Lymphocytes and Cytokine Production in Elderly Practicing Physical Activities and Its Relationship with Quality of Life and Depression. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36193083 PMCID: PMC9526638 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7985596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process often associated with a chronic inflammatory profile that alters several biological functions, including the immune system and cognitive and physical capacity. The practice of physical activity is increasingly gaining popularity as a method of preventing infections, depression, and other disorders that affect the quality of life of the elderly. Thus, this work analyzes the profile of cytokines and molecular markers expressed in immune cells of elderly people who practice physical activities or not, evaluating their impacts on the immune system and quality of life. For this, 48 individuals were recruited, and peripheral blood samples were collected for hemogram analysis, cytokine determination, and immunophenotyping. Elderly people were separated into two groups: practitioners with low-intensity physical activity and non-practitioners. Quality of life was assessed using the Whoqol-Old instrument, and depression was assessed using the Beck II Depression Inventory. When comparing the scores of the Whoqol-Old and Beck questionnaires, we observed a significant negative correlation between these two factors. The perception of a higher quality of life was present in the elderly who exercised and was related to greater autonomy and sensory abilities, whereas the presence of depression was lower. In the hemogram, we observed higher basophil and segmented counts in the sedentary elderly, whereas lymphocytes and monocytes had lower counts. Elderly practitioners of physical activities had higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10; increased expression of CD69, PD1, and TIM-3 in CD4+ T lymphocytes and increased CD14+CD80+ and CD14+CD86+ monocytes. Elderly people with an increased perception of quality of life had higher levels of IFN-γ, higher expression of CD14+CD80+CD86+, and decreased levels of TRAIL. An increase in TRAIL was observed in individuals with depression, in addition to an increased expression of CD14+CD86+. These results show a clear correlation between the quality of life, level of depression, physical activity, and immune system function. Although some cytokines with a typical proinflammatory profile (IFN-γ) were observed, the results point to a protective state with benefits reflected in the general well-being of the elderly who exercise.
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Salimans L, Liberman K, Njemini R, Kortekaas Krohn I, Gutermuth J, Bautmans I. The effect of resistance exercise on the immune cell function in humans: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111822. [PMID: 35490790 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise is beneficial for the immune system, including decreased susceptibility to infections and improved effectiveness of vaccinations. This review aims to provide a systematic analysis of the literature regarding the impact of resistance exercise on immune cells in the blood circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocol of this review followed the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020157834). PubMed and Web-of-Science were systematically searched for relevant articles. Outcomes were divided into two categories: 1) inflammatory gene expression or secretion of inflammation-related cytokines and 2) other aspects such as cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and redox status. RESULTS Thirty intervention studies were included in this review, of which 11 articles were randomized controlled trials and six non-randomized controlled trials. Although only resistance exercise interventions were included, there was a high heterogeneity regarding specific exercise modalities. The most frequently studied outcome measures were the gene and protein expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This review reveals that already one acute exercise bout activates the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in PBMC. Although resistance exercise induces an acute cytosolic oxidative stress response, the antioxidant enzyme expression is improved after resistance training period. Natural killer cell activity increases in older but decreases in younger adults immediately after a resistance exercise bout. Moreover, resistance exercise improves neutrophil phagocytic activity. Finally, effects on lymphocyte proliferation remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review demonstrate that resistance exercise has beneficial effects on several aspects of immune cell function both in young and older individuals. Acute changes in immune cell function occur already after a single bout of resistance exercise. However, regular resistance training during several weeks seems necessary to obtain beneficial adaptations that can be related to better immunity and reduced inflammation. The effects documented in this review confirm the beneficial effects of resistance exercise in young as well as older persons on the immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Salimans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Emery A, Moore S, Turner JE, Campbell JP. Reframing How Physical Activity Reduces The Incidence of Clinically-Diagnosed Cancers: Appraising Exercise-Induced Immuno-Modulation As An Integral Mechanism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788113. [PMID: 35359426 PMCID: PMC8964011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undertaking a high volume of physical activity is associated with reduced risk of a broad range of clinically diagnosed cancers. These findings, which imply that physical activity induces physiological changes that avert or suppress neoplastic activity, are supported by preclinical intervention studies in rodents demonstrating that structured regular exercise commonly represses tumour growth. In Part 1 of this review, we summarise epidemiology and preclinical evidence linking physical activity or regular structured exercise with reduced cancer risk or tumour growth. Despite abundant evidence that physical activity commonly exerts anti-cancer effects, the mechanism(s)-of-action responsible for these beneficial outcomes is undefined and remains subject to ongoing speculation. In Part 2, we outline why altered immune regulation from physical activity - specifically to T cells - is likely an integral mechanism. We do this by first explaining how physical activity appears to modulate the cancer immunoediting process. In doing so, we highlight that augmented elimination of immunogenic cancer cells predominantly leads to the containment of cancers in a 'precancerous' or 'covert' equilibrium state, thus reducing the incidence of clinically diagnosed cancers among physically active individuals. In seeking to understand how physical activity might augment T cell function to avert cancer outgrowth, in Part 3 we appraise how physical activity affects the determinants of a successful T cell response against immunogenic cancer cells. Using the cancer immunogram as a basis for this evaluation, we assess the effects of physical activity on: (i) general T cell status in blood, (ii) T cell infiltration to tissues, (iii) presence of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion and anergy, (iv) presence of inflammatory inhibitors of T cells and (v) presence of metabolic inhibitors of T cells. The extent to which physical activity alters these determinants to reduce the risk of clinically diagnosed cancers - and whether physical activity changes these determinants in an interconnected or unrelated manner - is unresolved. Accordingly, we analyse how physical activity might alter each determinant, and we show how these changes may interconnect to explain how physical activity alters T cell regulation to prevent cancer outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Emery
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Moore
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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10
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Khemraj RR, Solano C, Patel NM, Franklin BA. Impact of Social Disparities on Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19 Outcomes: BARRIERS TO CARE AND PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:84-89. [PMID: 35213869 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed significant disparities within certain population subsets that manifest through greater disease burden and worse outcomes. In this commentary, we propose specific preventive interventions to address these disparities within the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Khemraj
- Internal Medicine (Dr Franklin), Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan (Messrs Khemraj, Solano, and Patel); and Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan (Dr Franklin)
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11
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Einstein O, Katz A, Ben-Hur T. Physical exercise therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation: Application of knowledge from animal models to patient care. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103033. [PMID: 34995760 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) impacts various autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, clinical trials demonstrated the safety of PE in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and indicated beneficial outcomes. There is also an increasing body of research on the beneficial effects of exercise on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, and various mechanisms underlying these effects were suggested. However, despite the documented favorable impact of PE on our health, we still lack a thorough understanding of its effects on autoimmune neuroinflammation and specific guidelines of PE therapy for MS patients are lacking. To that end, current findings on the impact of PE on autoimmune neuroinflammation, both in human MS and animal models are reviewed. The concept of personalized PE therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation is discussed, and future research for providing biological rationale for clinical trials to pave the road for precise PE therapy in MS patients is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Donovan T, Bain AL, Tu W, Pyne DB, Rao S. Influence of Exercise on Exhausted and Senescent T Cells: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668327. [PMID: 34489717 PMCID: PMC8417807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired effector function of exhausted and senescent T cells is implicated in cancer progression and inadequate vaccine responses. Exercise has been shown to improve cancer therapy and vaccine efficacy, most likely by improving immune function. However, given inconsistent terminology and definitions, the interactions between exercise and exhausted and senescent T cells remain unclear. We therefore performed a systematic review to investigate the effect of exercise on senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cell populations clearly defined by protein surface markers. Thirty articles were included, with the majority (n = 24) reporting senescent T cell populations defined according to a variety of surface markers. Repeated exercise was shown to be beneficial through limiting the accumulation of senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cells. This outcome is likely related to exercise-induced preferential mobilization of senescent T cells promoting apoptosis in the peripheral blood compartment. Future studies need to determine the clinical relevance of this effect in cancer prevention and vaccine efficacy. Data regarding exercise and exhausted T cells are limited due to a lack of available high-quality studies. Future studies require the control of confounding variables such as sex and cytomegalovirus (CMV) status, and consistent definitions of exhausted and senescent T cell populations to improve comparisons between studies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomasina Donovan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda L Bain
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Nowak R, Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Buryta R. Analysis of Selected Lymphocyte (CD45+) Subset Distribution in Capillary Blood of Young Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2279-2286. [PMID: 34398078 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nowak, R, Kostrzerwa-Nowak, D, and Buryta, R. Analysis of selected lymphocyte (CD45+) subset distribution in capillary blood of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2279-2286, 2021-Mechanisms responsible for increasing athletes' physical capacity and induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression processes are not fully understood. The aim of the study was to monitor changes in percentages of lymphocyte subsets: T, Th, Tc, B, and NK cells in capillary blood of junior soccer players. Ten subjects median aged 18 years (range 17-19 years) were recruited form young soccer players. Capillary blood was collected 24 hours after each soccer match during the 8 weeks of the final phase of Central Junior League competition, and white blood cell (WBC) phenotyping was performed to determine the percentages of B lymphocytes, NK cells, and T-lymphocyte subsets. Cumulative match-time (a sum of time spend playing the game by each athlete during the observation period) was also calculated. Significant changes in the percentage of total lymphocytes (p = 0.00005) and T cells (p = 0.00006) were observed. The slight increases in lymphocytes' and Th cells' median percentages correlated with increasing cumulative match-time of studied subjects, although the correlation was not strong (R = 0.24; p = 0.0205 and R = 0.30; p = 0.0035, for lymphocytes and Th cells, respectively). It seems that the exercise bouts are among considerable factors influencing the changes in WBC subsets, especially in CD3+ cells, among young soccer players. Regarding the number of games played and training loads, they are more susceptible to immunosuppression and subsequent infections and thus should be monitored regarding WBC phenotype assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Department of Biological Bases of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Center for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland ; and
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Department of Biological Bases of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Center for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland ; and
| | - Rafał Buryta
- Department of Biological Bases of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Center for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland ; and
- Pogoń Szczecin S.A. Soccer Club, Szczecin, Poland
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14
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Aragão-Santos JC, Vasconcelos ABS, Resende-Neto AG, Rodrigues LS, Silva NL, Da Silva DN, Schimieguel DM, Correa CB, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Functional and concurrent training do not impair immune function and improve functional fitness in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2021; 153:111504. [PMID: 34343632 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of functional and concurrent training on immune function and functional fitness in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was performed on 108 women aged 60 or older who were randomly assigned among the groups: control group (CG: n = 40; 63.88 ± 3.64 years); functional training (FT: n = 32; 63.88 ± 3.79 years); and concurrent training (CT: n = 36; 64.83 ± 4.00 years). Immune function was measured by the expression of the T-lymphocyte function-related surface markers (CD28 and CD57). Functional fitness was assessed using physical tests similar to daily activities, i.e., five times sit to stand, timed up and go, and gallon-jug shelf-transfer. RESULTS Regarding immune function, there was only a time effect, without between-group differences. Specifically, FT and CT show a reduction and increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, without impairment in the subpopulations analyzed, while CG showed a reduction in naive T cells (CD8+CD28+). For functional fitness tests, there was a time × group interaction effect for all tests, the FT and CT were superior to the CG, with FT showing differences after the fourth week, while the CT showed this effect after the eighth week of intervention. CONCLUSION FT and CT do not impair immune function and similarly improve functional fitness in postmenopausal women. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY RBR-2d56bt.
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15
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Mathot E, Liberman K, Cao Dinh H, Njemini R, Bautmans I. Systematic review on the effects of physical exercise on cellular immunosenescence-related markers - An update. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111318. [PMID: 33794319 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a remodeling of the immune system occurring with aging that leads to an increased susceptibility to auto-immunity, infections and reduced vaccination response. A growing consensus supports the view that physical exercise may counteract immunosenescence and improve the immune response. Unfortunately, evidence regarding the effects of exercise on markers of cellular immunosenescence lacked uniformity at the time of an extensive literature review in 2016. Moreover, exercise-induced effects in older adults were underrepresented compared to young adults or completely lacking, such as for senescent T-cells and apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. The aim of this systematic literature study was to collect and appraise newly available data regarding exercise-induced changes on immunosenescence-related markers of immune cells and compare this against data that was already available in 2016. Systematic reviewing of newly available data in the field of exercise immunology provides additional evidence for the effect of exercise on immunosenescence-related cellular markers. Importantly, this review provides evidence for the effect of long-term exercise on senescent T-lymphocytes in older adults. Additionally, newly retrieved evidence shows an acute exercise-induced mobilization of naïve and memory cells in older adults. In general, data regarding long-term exercise-induced effects in older adults remain scarce. Noteworthy was the high number of articles describing exercise-induced effects on regulatory T-cells. However exercise-induced effects on this cell type are still inconclusive as some articles reported an exercise-induced up- or downregulation, while others reported no effects at all. Numerous studies on Natural Killer cell counts did not provide uniformity among data that was already available. Recent data regarding dendritic cells mostly described an increase after exercise. Overall, our literature update highlights the major influence of the type and intensity of exercise on immunosenescence-related markers, especially in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyn Mathot
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hung Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Internal Medicine Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Wityk P, Ciechanowicz A, Nowak R. Post-match recovery profile of leukocyte cell subsets among professional soccer players. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13352. [PMID: 34172818 PMCID: PMC8233342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of cumulative match time on the distribution of CD45+ cell subtests in the capillary blood of professional soccer players. Twenty-two males (aged 18-30 years) took part in the 36-week study. Participants playing up to 540 in cumulative match time and less than 30 min in each single match during the observation period formed the control group. White blood cell (WBC) phenotyping and creatine kinase (CK) plasma activity analyses were performed. Also, counts for WBC subsets were determined. No significant differences in the hematological parameters or lymphocyte and NK cell percentages were observed between the control and study groups. Changes in the T cell percentage were significant during weeks 11 and 30 and in Th and Tc cell percentages during weeks 2 and 26. Significant correlations were found between the cumulative match time and Th, NK, and B cell percentages; monocyte counts; and CK activity in the control group. However, for the study group, correlations were found between cumulative match time and Th, Tc, and B cell percentages; CK activity; and the CK ratio. Our study suggests that the distribution of CD45+ cells might be a useful tool for monitoring the immune status of professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Wityk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Nowak
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240, Szczecin, Poland
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17
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Shirvani H, Rostamkhani F, Arabzadeh E, Mohammadi F, Mohammadi F. Potential role of Nigella sativa supplementation with physical activity in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: a contemporary review. Sport Sci Health 2021;:1-6. [PMID: 34093778 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The widespread prevalence and mortality of coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) lead many researchers to study the SARS-CoV-s2 infection to find a treatment for this disease. Discovering the mechanisms of action of COVID-19 and coping at the cellular level with this disease can have better effects. Including the target tissues of this disease are the lungs and the immune system. It is stated that COVID-19 easily infiltrates into alveoli through its receptors and then starts to proliferate. Subsequently, with the weakening of immune cells and increase inflammatory cytokines, it increases the rate of inflammation in the body. Strengthening the immune system and inhibiting COVID-19 receptors can play a preventive or even therapeutic role for this disease. Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is one of the herbal medicines to possess numerous pharmacological effects related to several organs of the body. Among the extraordinary properties of this plant is improving asthma and several lung diseases. The recent studies have shown that N. sativa at the cellular level can inhibit COVID-19 receptors. It was also stated that performing regular exercise training (especially moderate-intensity exercise training) can modulate the immune system and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Since the use of herbal supplements with exercise can have tremendous therapeutic effects at the cellular level, the hypothesis to use the Nigella sativa along with exercise training to prophylaxis and treatment COVID-19 will be highlighted in this paper.
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18
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Carta MG, Cossu G, Pintus E, Zoccheddu R, Callia O, Conti G, Pintus M, Gonzalez CIA, Massidda MV, Mura G, Sardu C, Contu P, Minerba L, Demontis R, Pau M, Finco G, Cocco E, Penna MP, Orrù G, Kalcev G, Cabras F, Lorrai S, Loviselli A, Velluzzi F, Monticone M, Cacace E, Musu M, Rongioletti F, Cauli A, Ruggiero V, Scano A, Crisafulli A, Cosentino S, Atzori L, Massa E, Mela Q, Fortin D, Migliaccio G, Nardi AE, Angermeyer M, Preti A. Active elderly and health-can moderate exercise improve health and wellbeing in older adults? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:331. [PMID: 33962664 PMCID: PMC8103665 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is marked by a progressive rise in chronic diseases with an impact on social and healthcare costs. Physical activity (PA) may soothe the inconveniences related to chronic diseases, has positive effects on the quality of life and biological rhythms, and can prevent the decline in motor functions and the consequent falls, which are associated with early death and disability in older adults. Methods We randomized 120 over-65 males and females into groups of similar size and timing and will give each either moderate physical activity or cultural and recreational activities. Being younger than 65 years, inability to participate in physical activity for any medical reason, and involvement in a massive program of physical exercise are the exclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures are: quality of life, walking speed, and postural sway. Participants are tested at baseline, post-treatment, and 6-month (24 weeks) and 12-month (48 weeks) follow-ups. Discussion This study aims at improving the quality of life, wellness, and cognitive functioning in the elderly through a low-cost affordable program of moderate physical activity. Given the growing aging of the world population and the social and economic burden of disability in the elderly, our results might have a major impact on future practices. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03858114. Registered on 28 February 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05278-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zoccheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Omar Callia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirra Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gioia Mura
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Sardu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pau
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria meccanica, chimica e dei materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Petronilla Penna
- Dipartimento di Pedagogia, psicologia, filosofia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Goce Kalcev
- International PhD in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Cabras
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorrai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Monticone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Cacace
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Musu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Vita-Salute - S. Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Ruggiero
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sofia Cosentino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Massa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Quirico Mela
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Fortin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Ren D, Kwon AM. Effect of walking behavior on perceived stress based on binary multi-level modeling. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Wang Q, Zhou W. Roles and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in cancer prevention and treatment. J Sport Health Sci 2021; 10:201-210. [PMID: 32738520 PMCID: PMC7987556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors, improve aerobic fitness, improve physical function, control fatigue, and enhance quality of life. Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from physical exercise, highlighting the importance of popularizing the concept of physical exercise for individuals and making professional exercise-treatment programs available to patients with cancer. However, the correlation between physical exercise and carcinogenesis is easily overlooked, and exercise interventions are not routinely provided to patients with cancer, especially those with advanced cancer. In this article, we present a literature review of the effects of exercise on cancer development and progression and give recent evidence for the type of exercise best suited for different types of cancer and in different disease stages. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms about regulating metabolism and systemic immune function in cancer are summarized and discussed. In conclusion, physical exercise should be considered as an important intervention for preventing and treating cancer and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China; Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215004, China
| | - Wenli Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200070, China.
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Bunpo P, Chatarurk A, Intawong K, Naosuk K, Klangsinsirikul P. Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on immune status in healthy women following a single bout of exercise. Sport Sci Health 2021; 17:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Passos MEP, Borges L, dos Santos-Oliveira LC, Alecrim-Zeza AL, Lobato TB, de Oliveira HH, Santos CMM, Diniz VLS, Iser-Bem PN, Manoel R, Murata GM, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC, Hatanaka E, Gorjao R. Recreational Dance Practice Modulates Lymphocyte Profile and Function in Diabetic Women. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:749-759. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1309-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week dance-based aerobic exercise program on lymphocyte function in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women. We enrolled 23 women: 11 with T2DM and 12 non-diabetic controls. Initially, we performed anthropometry and body composition measurements, afterwards, plasma levels of C-reactive protein, lipids, and glucose were determined. We used flow cytometry to measure the CD25 and CD28 expression in circulating lymphocytes, T-regulatory (Treg) cell percentage, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokines released by cultured lymphocytes. The T2DM group had a lower proportion of CD28+ cells and a higher percentage of Treg lymphocytes and proliferative capacity at the baseline compared with the control group. After 16 weeks of the program, differences in lymphocytes between the T2DM and the control groups disappeared. The dance program promoted IL-10 increase in both groups. We found decreased IL-4, IL-2, and IL-6 secretion in lymphocytes from the control group and increased IL-17 secretion and IL-10/IL-17 ratio in the T2DM group after the program. The program promoted marked changes in lymphocytes in diabetic women, leading to a balance between the different profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth Pereira Passos
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Borges
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Bertola Lobato
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Richelieau Manoel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Medical Clinic, Sao Paulo University Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjao
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is causing global mortality and lockdown burdens. A compromised immune system is a known risk factor for all viral influenza infections. Functional foods optimize the immune system capacity to prevent and control pathogenic viral infections, while physical activity augments such protective benefits. Exercise enhances innate and adaptive immune systems through acute, transient, and long-term adaptations to physical activity in a dose-response relationship. Functional foods prevention of non-communicable disease can be translated into protecting against respiratory viral infections and COVID-19. Functional foods and nutraceuticals within popular diets contain immune-boosting nutraceuticals, polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, unsaturated fatty-acids, micronutrient vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate, and trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper. Foods with antiviral properties include fruits, vegetables, fermented foods and probiotics, olive oil, fish, nuts and seeds, herbs, roots, fungi, amino acids, peptides, and cyclotides. Regular moderate exercise may contribute to reduce viral risk and enhance sleep quality during quarantine, in combination with appropriate dietary habits and functional foods. Lifestyle and appropriate nutrition with functional compounds may offer further antiviral approaches for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alkhatib
- School of Health and Life sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
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24
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Toohey K, Pumpa K, McKune A, Cooke J, Welvaert M, Northey J, Quinlan C, Semple S. The impact of high-intensity interval training exercise on breast cancer survivors: a pilot study to explore fitness, cardiac regulation and biomarkers of the stress systems. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:787. [PMID: 32819304 PMCID: PMC7441660 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the largest cause of death in breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of exercise intensity on aerobic fitness and autonomic cardiac regulation (heart rate variability (HRV)) and salivary biomarkers of the stress systems (HPA-axis, cortisol; sympathetic nervous system, α-amylase) and mucosal immunity (secretory(s)-IgA), markers of increased risk of CVD in breast cancer survivors. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to; 1) high intensity interval training (HIIT); 2) moderate-intensity, continuous aerobic training (CMIT); or 3) a wait-list control (CON) for a 12-week (36 session) stationary cycling intervention. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), resting HRV and salivary biomarkers were measured at baseline 2-4 d pre-intervention and 2-4 d post the last exercise session. RESULTS Seventeen participants were included in this study (62 ± 8 years, HIIT; n = 6, CMIT; n = 5, CON; n = 6). A significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for VO2peak in the HIIT group; 19.3% (B = 3.98, 95%CI = [1.89; 4.02]) and a non-significant increase in the CMIT group; 5.6% (B = 1.96, 95%CI = [- 0.11; 4.03]), compared with a 2.6% (B = - 0.64, 95%CI = [- 2.10; 0.82]) decrease in the CON group. Post intervention improvements in HRV markers of vagal activity (log (ln)LF/HF, LnRMSSD) and sympathetic nervous system (α-amylase waking response) occurred for individuals exhibiting outlying (> 95% CI) levels at baseline compared to general population. CONCLUSION High intensity interval training improved cardiovascular fitness in breast cancer survivors and improved cardiac regulation, and sympathetic nervous system (stress) responses in some individuals. High-intensity interval training was safe and effective for breast cancer survivors to participate in with promising results as a time efficient intensity to improve physical health and stress, reducing CVD risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION This pilot study was retrospectively registered through the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12620000684921 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Toohey
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
| | - Kate Pumpa
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 400, South Africa
| | - Julie Cooke
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Marijke Welvaert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600, Australia
| | - Joseph Northey
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Clare Quinlan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Stuart Semple
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601, Australia
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25
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is causing devastating global morbidity and mortality. Worldwide measures are taken to prevent human to human transmission and improve general health. Public lifestyle and health are affected by social distancing and isolation. A strong host immune response to the novel coronavirus is a key factor, for protection against infection and avoiding reaching severe stages of the disease. AREAS COVERED Pathophysiology and the human immune response of similar coronaviruses have been previously described. The novel coronavirus has distinct clinical stages related to the immune response. Exercise improves host innate immunity and affords protection to viral infections. Exercise also mitigates the negative effects of isolation including stress, anxiety, and sedentarism, all of which further reduces immunity and increases non-communicable disease risk. EXPERT OPINION Improving host immunity and mitigating the negative effects of isolation via physical activity is strongly justified. Exercise should be done in moderate intensities and volumes during the current pandemic, which is a nutritionally, psychologically, socially challenging environment in the presence of a virulent viral organism. Proactively creating innovative health promotion models with technology and government involvement with the best available evidence should be encouraged to reduce physical inactivity during the current COVID-19 pandemic and after.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuranga Ranasinghe
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit and Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo , Colombo, Sri Lanka.,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network , Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network , Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois , Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Cao Dinh H, Njemini R, Onyema OO, Beyer I, Liberman K, De Dobbeleer L, Renmans W, Vander Meeren S, Jochmans K, Delaere A, Knoop V, Bautmans I. Strength Endurance Training but Not Intensive Strength Training Reduces Senescence-Prone T Cells in Peripheral Blood in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1870-1878. [PMID: 30285092 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in immune function known as immunosenescence. Although the causes of immunosenescence are likely to be multifactorial, an age-associated accumulation of senescent T cells and decreased naive T-cell repertoire are key contributors to the phenomenon. On the other hand, there is a growing consensus that physical exercise may improve immune response in aging. However, the optimum training modality required to obtain beneficial adaptations in older subjects is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise modality on T-cell phenotypes in older women. A total of 100 women (aged ≥ 65 years) were randomized to either intensive strength training (80% of one-repetition maximum ), strength endurance training (40% one-repetition maximum), or control (stretching exercise) for 2-3 times per week during 6 weeks. The T-cell percentages and absolute counts were determined using flow cytometry and a hematology analyzer. C-reactive protein was measured using immunonephelometry. We report for the first time that 6 weeks of strength endurance training significantly decreased the basal percentage and absolute counts of senescence-prone T cells, which was positively related to the number of training sessions performed. Conceivably, training protocols with many repetitions-at a sufficiently high external resistance-might assist the reduction of senescence-prone T cells in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Oscar Okwudiri Onyema
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.,Head Gerontology (GERO) & Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Departments
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Liza De Dobbeleer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Wim Renmans
- Hematology Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | | - Andreas Delaere
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Veerle Knoop
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group.,Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.,Head Gerontology (GERO) & Frailty in Ageing Research (FRIA) Departments
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27
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Ciolac EG, Rodrigues da Silva JM, Vieira RP. Physical Exercise as an Immunomodulator of Chronic Diseases in Aging. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:662-72. [PMID: 32396868 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progressive dysfunction of the immune system during aging appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of several age-related disorders. However, regular physical exercise can present "antiaging" effects on several physiological systems. METHODS A narrative review of studies investigating the chronic effects of exercise and physical activity on the immune system and its association with age-related chronic diseases was carried out according to the guidelines for writing a narrative review. RESULTS There is compelling evidence suggesting that age-related immune system alterations play a key role on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical activity appears to improve most of the inflammatory/immunological processes involved in these diseases. CONCLUSION Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies permit us to affirm that regular physical activity improves immunomodulation and may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of several age-related chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to better describe the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of physical exercise in specific organs of older individuals, as well as the mechanisms involved in such response.
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28
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Toriumi T, Yamashita H, Kawasaki K, Okumura Y, Wakamatsu K, Yagi K, Aikou S, Nomura S, Seto Y. Preoperative Exercise Habits are Associated with Post-gastrectomy Complications. World J Surg 2020; 44:2736-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Bastos MF, Matias MDST, Alonso AC, Silva LCR, de Araújo AL, Silva PR, Benard G, Bocalini DS, Steven Baker J, Leme LEG. Moderate levels of physical fitness maintain telomere length in non-senescent T CD8+ cells of aged men. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1628. [PMID: 33174947 PMCID: PMC7605280 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunosenescence is an age-associated change characterized by a decreased immune response. Although physical activity has been described as fundamental for maintaining the quality of life, few studies have evaluated the effects of different levels of exercise on telomere length in aged populations. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of different levels of physical activity, classified by the Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) values, on the telomere length of memory Cluster of differentiation (CD) CD4+(CD45ROneg and CD45RO+), effector CD8+CD28neg, and CD8+CD28+ T cells in aged individuals. METHODS Fifty-three healthy elderly men (aged 65-85 years) were included in this study. Their fitness level was classified according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) for VO2 max (mL/kg/min). Blood samples were obtained from all participants to analyze the percentage of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28+, naïve, and subpopulations of memory T cells by using flow cytometry. Furthermore, using the Flow-FISH methodology, the CD4+CD45RO+, CD4+CD45ROneg, CD8+CD28+, and CD8+CD28negT cell telomere lengths were measured. RESULTS There was a greater proportion of effector memory T CD4+ cells and longer telomeres in CD8+CD28+ T cells in the moderate physical fitness group than in the other groups. There was a higher proportion of terminally differentiated memory effector T cells in the low physical fitness group. CONCLUSION A moderate physical activity may positively influence the telomere shortening of CD28+CD8+T cells. However, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the importance of this finding with regard to immune function responses in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferreira Bastos
- Programa de Pos graduacao Stricto sensu em Ciencias do Envelhecimento, Departamento de Pos graduacao e Pesquisa, Universidade Sao Judas Tadeu, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Manuella de Sousa Toledo Matias
- Grupo Ortogeriatrico, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumotologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Angélica Castilho Alonso
- Programa de Pos graduacao Stricto sensu em Ciencias do Envelhecimento, Departamento de Pos graduacao e Pesquisa, Universidade Sao Judas Tadeu, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Grupo Ortogeriatrico, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumotologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Léia Cristina Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Divisao de Dermatologia, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Escola de Medicina, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Adriana Ladeira de Araújo
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Divisao de Dermatologia, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Escola de Medicina, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Paulo Roberto Silva
- Grupo Ortogeriatrico, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumotologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Divisao de Dermatologia, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Escola de Medicina, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- Laboratorio experimental de Fisiologia e Bioquimica, Centro de Esporte e Educacao Fisica da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, BR
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Luiz Eugênio Garcez Leme
- Grupo Ortogeriatrico, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumotologia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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30
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Fainstein N, Tyk R, Touloumi O, Lagoudaki R, Goldberg Y, Agranyoni O, Navon-Venezia S, Katz A, Grigoriadis N, Ben-Hur T, Einstein O. Exercise intensity-dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1647-1658. [PMID: 31368247 PMCID: PMC6764499 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training (ET) has beneficial effects on multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the intensity‐dependent effects of ET on the systemic immune system in EAE remain undefined. Objective (1) To compare the systemic immune modulatory effects of moderate versus high‐intensity ET protocols in protecting against development of EAE; (2) To investigate whether ET affects autoimmunity selectively, or causes general immunosuppression. Methods Healthy mice performed moderate or high‐intensity treadmill running programs. Proteolipid protein (PLP)‐induced transfer EAE was utilized to examine ET effects specifically on the systemic immune system. Lymph node (LN)‐T cells from trained versus sedentary donor mice were transferred to naïve recipients and EAE severity was assessed, by clinical assessment and histopathological analysis. LN‐T cells derived from donor trained versus sedentary PLP‐immunized mice were analyzed in vitro for proliferation assays by flow cytometry analysis and cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression using real‐time PCR. T cell‐dependent immune responses of trained versus sedentary mice to the nonautoantigen ovalbumin and susceptibility to Escherichia coli‐induced acute peritonitis were examined. Results High‐intensity training in healthy donor mice induced significantly greater inhibition than moderate‐intensity training on proliferation and generation of encephalitogenic T cells in response to PLP‐immunization, and on EAE severity upon their transfer into recipient mice. High‐intensity training also inhibited LN‐T cell proliferation in response to ovalbumin immunization. E. coli bacterial counts and dissemination were not affected by training. Interpretation High‐intensity training induces superior effects in preventing autoimmunity in EAE, but does not alter immune responses to E. coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Tyk
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Olga Touloumi
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roza Lagoudaki
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yehuda Goldberg
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Oryan Agranyoni
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shiri Navon-Venezia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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31
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Baars EW, Zoen EBV, Breitkreuz T, Martin D, Matthes H, von Schoen-Angerer T, Soldner G, Vagedes J, van Wietmarschen H, Patijn O, Willcox M, von Flotow P, Teut M, von Ammon K, Thangavelu M, Wolf U, Hummelsberger J, Nicolai T, Hartemann P, Szőke H, McIntyre M, van der Werf ET, Huber R. The Contribution of Complementary and Alternative Medicine to Reduce Antibiotic Use: A Narrative Review of Health Concepts, Prevention, and Treatment Strategies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019:5365608. [PMID: 30854009 PMCID: PMC6378062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5365608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this narrative review was to explore the potential contributions of CAM to reduce antibiotic use. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with a specific, limited set of search terms and collected input from a group of expert CAM researchers to answer the question: What is known about the contribution of CAM health and health promotion concepts, infection prevention, and infection treatment strategies to reduce antibiotic use? Results. The worldview-related CAM health concepts enable health promotion oriented infection prevention and treatment aimed at strengthening or supporting the self-regulating ability of the human organism to cope with diseases. There is some evidence that the CAM concepts of health (promotion) are in agreement with current conceptualization of health and that doctors who practice both CAM and conventional medicine prescribe less antibiotics, although selection bias of the presented studies cannot be ruled out. There is some evidence that prevention and some treatment strategies are effective and safe. Many CAM treatment strategies are promising but overall lack high quality evidence. CONCLUSIONS CAM prevention and treatment strategies may contribute to reducing antibiotic use, but more rigorous research is necessary to provide high quality evidence of (cost-)effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W. Baars
- Louis Bolk Institute, Kosterijland 3-5, 3981 AJ Bunnik, Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Faculty of Healthcare, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eefje Belt-van Zoen
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Faculty of Healthcare, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - David Martin
- University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Harald Matthes
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Georg Soldner
- Medical section of the Goetheanum, Rüttiweg 45 4143 Dornach, Switzerland
| | - Jan Vagedes
- ARCIM institute, Im Haberschlai 7, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany
| | | | - Olga Patijn
- Louis Bolk Institute, Kosterijland 3-5, 3981 AJ Bunnik, Netherlands
| | - Merlin Willcox
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paschen von Flotow
- Sustainable Business Institute, Zehnthofstr. 1, 65375 Oestrich-Winkel, Germany
| | - Michael Teut
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus von Ammon
- University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 46, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madan Thangavelu
- European Ayurveda Association e.V., In den Forstwiesen 27, D- 56745 Bell, Germany
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 46, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ton Nicolai
- Eurocam, Rue du Trône 194, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hartemann
- University of Lorraine, School of Medicine, 7 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Nancy, France
| | - Henrik Szőke
- University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Vasvári Pál str. 4., Hungary
| | - Michael McIntyre
- Midsummer Clinic, Church Westcote, Chipping Norton, Oxon, Ox7 6SF, UK
| | - Esther T. van der Werf
- Taylor's University, School of Medicine, 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Roman Huber
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Breisacher Str. 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Lakke S, Foijer M, Dehner L, Krijnen W, Hobbelen H. The added value of therapist communication on the effect of physical therapy treatment in older adults; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:253-265. [PMID: 30287148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower physical activity levels in older adults are associated with increased co-morbidities and disability. Physical therapists have a critical role in facilitating increases in physical activity. The communication they use may impact their effectiveness. This study investigates the additional value of therapist's communication during physical therapy on older adults' physical activity levels. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical trials were identified in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PEDro, Cochrane, up to July 2016. Communication was classified with the Behavior Change Taxonomy(BCT). Effect sizes were pooled using Cochrane's Review-Manager. Strength of the evidence was analyzed using GRADE's criteria. RESULTS Twelve studies were identified. Overall, communication techniques revealed an immediate and long-term effect(ES:0.19;0.24) on self-reported physical activity measures but not on performance-based, with moderate to high strength of evidence. Divided in BCT-categories, only 'Generalisation of target behavior', defined as communication aimed to help patients generalise an exercise from one situation to another at home, had a positive effect on self-reported activity(ES:0.34), with low strength of evidence. CONCLUSION Adding a communication technique to physical therapy is effective on self-reported physical activity measures but not on performance-based measures. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Add communication to exercise when treatment aims at perceived, but not performed, physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lakke
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; International Health Care School, Department of Physical Therapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Melle Foijer
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; International Health Care School, Department of Physical Therapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Dehner
- Mount St. Joseph University, Department of Physical Therapy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wim Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Hobbelen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Estébanez B, Moreira OC, Almar M, de Paz JA, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Cuevas MJ. Effects of a resistance-training programme on endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and mitochondrial functions in PBMCs from elderly subjects. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:931-940. [PMID: 30614406 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1561950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been related with a decline in the ability to handle protein folding, which leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations in unfolded protein response (UPR). Importantly, physical activity could activate the UPR and attenuate or prevent age-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction. The current study evaluated the effects of a resistance exercise on UPR and mitochondrial functions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from elderly subjects. Thirty healthy women and men (age, 72.8, sx- = 2.2 years) were randomized to a training group, which performed an 8-week resistance training programme, or a control group, which followed their daily routines. The phosphorylation of PERK and IRE1, as well as ATF4, and XBP1 protein expression, significantly increased following the training, while expression of BiP, AFT6 and CHOP remain without changes. Additionally, the intervention also induced an increase in PGC-1α and Mfn1 protein levels, while no changes were found in Drp1 expression. Finally, the resistance protocol was not able to activate PINK1/Parkin and Bnip3/Nix pathways. The results obtained seem to indicate that 8-week resistance exercise activates the UPR, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, maintains mitochondrial dynamics and prevents mitophagy activation by unfolded proteins in PBMCs from elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - Osvaldo C Moreira
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain.,b Institute of Biological Sciences and Health , Federal University of Viçosa - Campus Florestal , Florestal , Brazil
| | - Mar Almar
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - José A de Paz
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
| | | | - María J Cuevas
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
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Behrens G, Niedermaier T, Berneburg M, Schmid D, Leitzmann MF. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206087. [PMID: 30379884 PMCID: PMC6209223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiologic studies have examined the relation of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of cutaneous melanoma but the available evidence has not yet been quantified in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), we identified 3 cohort studies (N = 12,605 cases) and 5 case-control studies (N = 1,295 cases) of physical activity and melanoma incidence, and one cohort study (N = 49 cases) of cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma risk. RESULTS Cohort studies revealed a statistically significant positive association between high versus low physical activity and melanoma risk (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16-1.40). In contrast, case-control studies yielded a statistically non-significant inverse risk estimate for physical activity and melanoma (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.63-1.14; P-difference = 0.02). The only available cohort study of cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma risk reported a positive but statistically not significant association between the two (RR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.99-4.96). Potential confounding by ultraviolet (UV) radiation-related risk factors was a major concern in cohort but not case-control studies. CONCLUSIONS It appears plausible that the positive relation of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to melanoma observed in cohort studies is due to residual confounding by UV radiation-related risk factors. IMPACT Future prospective studies need to examine the association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma after detailed adjustment for UV radiation-related skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Behrens
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Niedermaier
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael F. Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Sellami M, Gasmi M, Denham J, Hayes LD, Stratton D, Padulo J, Bragazzi N. Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunological Parameters in the Elderly Aged: Can Physical Activity Counteract the Effects of Aging? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2187. [PMID: 30364079 PMCID: PMC6191490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by deterioration of the immune system caused by aging which induces changes to innate and adaptive immunity. Immunosenescence affects function and phenotype of immune cells, such as expression and function of receptors for immune cells which contributes to loss of immune function (chemotaxis, intracellular killing). Moreover, these alterations decrease the response to pathogens, which leads to several age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes in older individuals. Furthermore, increased risk of autoimmune disease and chronic infection is increased with an aging immune system, which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment, ultimately leading to accelerated biological aging. During the last century, sedentarism rose dramatically, with a concomitant increase in certain type of cancers (such as breast cancer, colon, or prostate cancer), and autoimmune disease. Numerous studies on physical activity and immunity, with focus on special populations (i.e., people with diabetes, HIV patients) demonstrate that chronic exercise enhances immunity. However, the majority of previous work has focused on either a pathological population or healthy young adults whilst research in elderly populations is scarce. Research conducted to date has primarily focused on aerobic and resistance exercise training and its effect on immunity. This review focuses on the potential for exercise training to affect the aging immune system. The concept is that some lifestyle strategies such as high-intensity exercise training may prevent disease through the attenuation of immunosenescence. In this context, we take a top-down approach and review the effect of exercise and training on immunological parameters in elderly at rest and during exercise in humans, and how they respond to different modes of training. We highlight the impact of these different exercise modes on immunological parameters, such as cytokine and lymphocyte concentration in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Sport Science Program (SSP), College of Arts and Sciences (QU-CAS), University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha Gasmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Mannouba, Tunisia
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Active Ageing Research Group, Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Stratton
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Center, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Ryu DH, Yu HT, Kim SA, Lee YM, Hong SH, Yoon YR, Kim DJ, Kim HC, Moon HB, Shin EC, Lee DH. Is Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose Organochlorine Pesticides a New Risk Factor of T-cell Immunosenescence? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1159-1167. [PMID: 29991517 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: T-cell immunosenescence, a hallmark of an aging immune system, is potentially linked to the risk of developing cancer and other aging-related diseases. Chronic infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been widely studied as a risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence, but the role of persistent chemicals has never been examined. As a typical example of persistent chemicals, we evaluated whether organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are related to T-cell immunosenescence in the general population.Methods: Serum concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and trans-nonachlor were measured in 95 Korean adults ages 30 to 64 years. T-cell immunosenescence was assessed by the frequencies of CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD28-, CD4+CD57+, and CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes in 20 mL of fresh peripheral blood.Results: The senescence of CD8+ T lymphocytes was the most consistently associated with OCPs. For quartiles of measurements of OCPs, adjusted mean percentages of CD8+CD57+ and CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes in the CD8+ T lymphocyte population were 23.9, 27.6, 31.0, and 38.7 (P trend < 0.01) and 25.6, 27.3, 28.0, and 35.5 (P trend = 0.02), respectively. When we compared the strength of the associations among OCPs, CMV IgG titer, and age, OCPs showed the strongest association with markers of immunosenescence. Importantly, the association between OCPs and immunosenescence markers was more prominent among participants without known risk factors, such as a young age or low CMV immunoglobulin G titer.Conclusions: Chronic exposure to low-dose OCPs may be a new risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence.Impact: T-cell immunosenescence may be one possible mechanism linking low-dose OCPs and many chronic diseases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1159-67. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-A Kim
- BK 21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,BK 21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Silva D, Moreira R, Sokhatska O, Beltrão M, Montanha T, Garcia-Larsen V, Villegas R, Severo M, Pizarro A, Pinto M, Martins C, Duarte A, Delgado L, Rufo J, Paciência I, Teixeira JP, Costa C, Moreira P, Carvalho J, Moreira A. Meal-exercise challenge and physical activity reduction impact on immunity and inflammation (MERIIT trial). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 10:177-189. [PMID: 30009276 PMCID: PMC6042468 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a pre-exercise meal as countermeasure to exercise induced immunodepression is poorly known. Also, sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk but studies on immune changes are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess: 1) the impact of a pre-exercise Mediterranean meal (MdM) compared with a fast-food type meal (FFM) on exercise-induced immunological changes and 2) the impact of an induced acute period of sedentary behavior on neuro-immune-endocrine status. METHODS /Design: This is a two steps clinical trial including: (a) randomized crossover clinical trial, comparing the effect a high-fat/low-nutrient dense meal, FFM, with an isoenergetic similar high-nutrient dense meal, MdM, in the immune response to an exercise challenge (EC) and (b) a pilot trial assessing the neuro-immune-endocrine change induced by acute decreasing by half the usual physical activity level. RESULTS A total of 46 participants (26 females), median aged 25 years were included. Of those 39-completed protocol, including overweight, physical active and inactive and participants with asthma. There were no differences in the EC between interventions. Dietary factors and physical activity were closely monitored during interventions and kept similar. During physical inactivity induction, 31% reached the target of 50% reduction in mean step number and 77% reached a 30% reduction. CONCLUSION The use of a pre-exercise meal to modulate immune response and the understanding of the immunological impact of physical inactivity might help to establish future recommendations on how to practice exercise in a safer way and to recognize the potential impact of inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Sokhatska
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Beltrão
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Montanha
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - Faculty of Sports, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Pizarro
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - Faculty of Sports, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pinto
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Duarte
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Rufo
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - Faculty of Sports, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Campbell JP, Turner JE. Debunking the Myth of Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan. Front Immunol 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 29713319 PMCID: PMC5911985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including communicable diseases such as viral and bacterial infections, as well as non-communicable diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite the apparent health benefits achieved by leading an active lifestyle, which imply that regular physical activity and frequent exercise enhance immune competency and regulation, the effect of a single bout of exercise on immune function remains a controversial topic. Indeed, to this day, it is perceived by many that a vigorous bout of exercise can temporarily suppress immune function. In the first part of this review, we deconstruct the key pillars which lay the foundation to this theory-referred to as the "open window" hypothesis-and highlight that: (i) limited reliable evidence exists to support the claim that vigorous exercise heightens risk of opportunistic infections; (ii) purported changes to mucosal immunity, namely salivary IgA levels, after exercise do not signpost a period of immune suppression; and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. In the second part of this review, we provide evidence that frequent exercise enhances-rather than suppresses-immune competency, and highlight key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise. Finally, in the third part of this review, we highlight that regular physical activity and frequent exercise might limit or delay aging of the immune system, providing further evidence that exercise is beneficial for immunological health. In summary, the over-arching aim of this review is to rebalance opinion over the perceived relationships between exercise and immune function. We emphasize that it is a misconception to label any form of acute exercise as immunosuppressive, and, instead, exercise most likely improves immune competency across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Einstein O, Fainstein N, Touloumi O, Lagoudaki R, Hanya E, Grigoriadis N, Katz A, Ben-hur T. Exercise training attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by peripheral immunomodulation rather than direct neuroprotection. Exp Neurol 2018; 299:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huber Y, Gehrke N, Biedenbach J, Helmig S, Simon P, Straub BK, Bergheim I, Huber T, Schuppan D, Galle PR, Wörns MA, Schuchmann M, Schattenberg JM. Voluntary distance running prevents TNF-mediated liver injury in mice through alterations of the intrahepatic immune milieu. Cell Death Dis 2017. [PMID: 28640248 PMCID: PMC5520921 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity confers a broad spectrum of health benefits. Beyond the obvious role in metabolically driven diseases, the role of physical activity in acute liver injury is poorly explored. To study the role of physical activity in acute liver injury, a novel model of voluntary distance running in mice was developed and mice were subjected to acute liver injury induced by N-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analyses included histological stains, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and FACS analysis. Voluntary distance running increased to an average of 10.3 km/day after a learning curve. Running lead to a decrease in the absolute numbers of intrahepatic CD4+ T and B lymphocytes and macrophages after 7 weeks. In parallel, hepatic mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-1beta, TGF-beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) were suppressed, while TNF-α was not affected by exercise. Likewise, expression of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 was downregulated 1.6-fold from exercise. Notably, acute liver injury from GaIN/LPS was significantly blunted following 7 weeks of voluntary exercise as determined by liver histology, a 84.6% reduction of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.01) and a 54.6% reduction of aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.05) compared with sedentary mice. Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines, activation of caspase 3 and JNK were significantly lower, while antiapoptotic protein A20 increased. Voluntary distance running alters the intrahepatic immune phenotype producing an environment that is less susceptible to acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Gehrke
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Biedenbach
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Helmig
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Tobias Huber
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Kim TH, Chang JS, Park KS, Park J, Kim N, Lee JI, Kong ID. Effects of exercise training on circulating levels of Dickkpof-1 and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 in breast cancer survivors: A pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171771. [PMID: 28178355 PMCID: PMC5298304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wingless and integration site growth factor (Wnt) signaling is a tumorigenesis-related signaling pathway. Dickkpof-1 (DKK1) and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1) are endogenous negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Accumulating evidence indicates that higher serum levels of DKK1 are correlated with poor prognosis of various types of cancer. Here, we investigated whether exercise training causes changes in the serum levels of DKK1 and SFRP1 in patients with breast cancer. Methods Twenty-four breast cancer survivors, after chemo- or radiotherapy, participated in this single-blind randomized, controlled pilot study. Subjects were randomized to either an exercise program or a control group for 12 weeks and completed pre- and post-training tests for health-related fitness and body composition as well as blood biomarkers. The serum levels of DKK1 and SFRP1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as the primary outcome. Results Exercise training for 12 weeks remarkably increased muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility and decreased body fat percentage, waist circumference, and visceral fat area (all p < 0.05). Exercise training lowered serum insulin levels and leptin/adiponectin ratios (all p < 0.05). The levels of DKK1 and SFRP1 were also significantly decreased by exercise training in breast cancer survivors (all p < 0.01). Conclusions Our results indicate that DKK1 and SFRP1 may be potentially useful biomarkers for evaluating the beneficial effects of long-term exercise on physical fitness and metabolism as well as the prognosis of patients with cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02895178
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Sports Science & Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Chang
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Sports Science & Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Park
- Department of Nursing Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, Keimyung University College of Nursing, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Sports Science & Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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