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Maluleke MD, Kotsiopoulos A, Govender-Opitz E, Harrison STL. Microbial immobilisation and adaptation to Cu 2+ enhances microbial Fe 2+ oxidation for bioleaching of printed circuit boards in the presence of mixed metal ions. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104148. [PMID: 37813270 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A circular economy requires effective re-use of finite resources, such as metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Bioleaching for extraction and recovery of base metals from printed circuit boards (PCBs) before recovering precious metals has potential to increase metal circularity. However, inhibition by base metals released from the PCBs and accumulated in PCB leachates on microbial Fe2+ oxidation, a critical bioleaching sub-process for Fe3+ regeneration, can limit this approach. Here, we explore the potential of microbial immobilisation on polyurethane foam (PUF) and adaptation to cupric ions to minimise inhibition by mixed metals released from PCBs, particularly zinc, nickel, and tin, and enhancing Fe2+ oxidation rates in PCB bioleaching systems. A mixed mesophilic culture dominant in Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Acidiplasma cupricumulans and Acidithiobacillus caldus was immobilised on PUF and adapted to 6 g/L Cu2+. Tolerance of Cu-adapted immobilised cells to the inhibitory metal ions Zn2+, Ni2+, and Sn2+, as individual (0-10 g/L) and mixed metal ions at concentrations typically leached from PCBs at solids loadings of 0-20% (mass/volume) was compared to that of non-adapted immobilised cells. Further, the impact of solutes from PCB leachates was evaluated. Inhibition by individual metal ions decreased in the order Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+. Inhibition of ferrous iron oxidation by mixed metal ions was synergistic with respect to individual metal ions. PCB leachates were more inhibitory than both mixed and individual metal ions even where metal concentration was low. Cu-adapted immobilised cells exhibited higher tolerance to increasing concentrations of inhibitory metal ions than non-adapted cells. These results are promising for the application of Cu-adapted cells in the bioleaching of PCBs and multi-metal concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa D Maluleke
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Athanasios Kotsiopoulos
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Elaine Govender-Opitz
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Susan T L Harrison
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
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Song CI, Jo CM, Ri HG. Immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-1333 on the Waste Ore Particles for the Continuous Oxidation of Ferrous Iron. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:e2356. [PMID: 33850940 PMCID: PMC8035422 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.125528.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The biooxidation of ferrous iron has a great potential for the regeneration of ferric iron, in operations such as bioleaching, bioremediation. Many natural inorganic materials were investigated for use as supports immobilizing Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The waste chalcopyrite is another natural inorganic material of which particles are easy to prepare from the leached out ore heaps and the source is abundant. Objectives The aim of this work is to investigate several characteristics of the particles of waste ore that determines possibility of use as supports for immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the packed-bed bioreactor. Materials and Methods Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-1333 stored in Korean Centre for Culture Collection was used. The supports were prepared by sieving the particles of 5~30 mm in size out from the waste chalcopyrite ore heap. The cells were immobilized by the successive batch culture method and oxidation rate of the bioreactor was investigated in the continuous flow mode. Results The cell density of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-1333 immobilized on the particles of waste chalcopyrite was 2.71×108 cells g-1 and the highest oxidation rate of the packed-bed bioreactor was 3.65g.L-1.h-1. Oxidation rate of the bioreactor was less influenced by the concentration of ferrous and ferric iron in the input solution as well as by the aeration rate and dilution rate than other materials mentioned in other previous works. Conclusion The waste chalcopyrite particle is efficient support material for immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with comparable or superior characteristics to natural inorganic support materials reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Il Song
- Bioindustry Research Center, Advanced Science Institute, KIM IL SUNG University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Chol Man Jo
- Bioindustry Research Center, Advanced Science Institute, KIM IL SUNG University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Gwang Ri
- Bioindustry Research Center, Advanced Science Institute, KIM IL SUNG University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
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Yavari M, Ebrahimi S, Aghazadeh V, Ghashghaee M. Kinetics of different bioreactor systems with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for ferrous iron oxidation. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The relative performance of two biofilm-based airlift reactors using different kinds of packing materials and one fixed bed biofilm reactor with a homemade packing material of high specific area (~ 1000 m2/m3) was addressed. The bioreactors operated under ferrous iron loading rates in the range of 8–120 mol Fe(II)/m3 h. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells immobilized in the three bioreactors afforded the reactions for an extended period of 120 days of continuous operation at the dilution rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 1 and 1.2 h−1. The maximum ferrous iron oxidation rates achieved in this study at a hydraulic residence time of 1.2 h were about 91, 68 and 51 mol Fe(II)/m3 h for the fixed bed, airlift1, and airlft2 bioreactors. The performance data from the fixed-bed bioreactor offered a higher potential for ferrous iron oxidation because of fast biofilm development, the formation of a thick biofilm, and lower sensitivity to shear, which enhanced the startup time of the bioreactor and the higher reactor productivity. Proper kinetic models were also presented for both the startup period and the steady-state process.
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Nie H, Zhu N, Cao Y, Xu Z, Wu P. Immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on Cotton Gauze for the Bioleaching of Waste Printed Circuit Boards. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:675-88. [PMID: 26239442 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioleaching parameters of metal concentrates from waste printed circuit boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans immobilized on cotton gauze in a two-step reactor were investigated in this study. The results indicated that an average ferrous iron oxidation rate of 0.54 g/(L·h) and a ferrous iron oxidation ratio of 96.90 % were obtained after 12 h at aeration rate of 1 L/min in bio-oxidation reactor. After 96 h, the highest leaching efficiency of copper reached 91.68 % under the conditions of the content of the metal powder 12 g/L, the retention time 6 h, and the aeration rate 1 L/min. The bioleaching efficiency of copper could be above 91.12 % under repeated continuous batch operation. Meanwhile, 95.32 % of zinc, 90.32 % of magnesium, 86.31 % of aluminum, and 59.07 % of nickel were extracted after 96 h. All the findings suggested that the recovery of metal concentrates from waste printed circuit boards via immobilization of A. ferrooxidans on cotton gauze was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Nie
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yanlan Cao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiguo Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Solcia R, Ramírez M, Fernández M, Cantero D, Bevilaqua D. Hydrogen sulphide removal from air by biotrickling filter using open-pore polyurethane foam as a carrier. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fernández M, Ramírez M, Gómez JM, Cantero D. Biogas biodesulfurization in an anoxic biotrickling filter packed with open-pore polyurethane foam. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 264:529-535. [PMID: 24246443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biogas biodesulfurization by an anoxic biotrickling filter packed with open pore polyurethane foam at the laboratory scale (packed volume 2.4L) has been studied. The biotrickling system was operated for 620 days with biogas supplied continuously and two nitrate feeding regimes were tested (manual and programmed). Biomass immobilization was carried out under the manual nitrate feeding regime and a study was then carried out on the effects on removal efficiency of the following parameters: nitrate source, H2S inlet load, nitrate concentration, sulfate accumulation, temperature, pH and trickling liquid velocity. The effect of increased H2S inlet load was studied under the programmed nitrate feeding regime. The results show that a removal efficiency of 99% can be obtained when working under the following conditions: inlet loads below 130gSm(-3)h(-1), a programmed nitrate feeding system, temperature of 30°C, sulfate concentration below 33gL(-1), a pH between 7.3 and 7.5, and a trickling liquid velocity higher than 4.6mh(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universitario ceiA3, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Martín Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universitario ceiA3, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Gómez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universitario ceiA3, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Domingo Cantero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universitario ceiA3, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Ho KL, Lin WC, Chung YC, Chen YP, Tseng CP. Elimination of high concentration hydrogen sulfide and biogas purification by chemical-biological process. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:1396-1401. [PMID: 23791111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A chemical-biological process was performed to remove a high concentration of H2S in biogas. The high iron concentration tolerance (20gL(-1)) of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CP9 provided sufficient ferric iron level for stable and efficient H2S elimination. A laboratory-scale apparatus was setup for a 45 d operation to analyze the optimal conditions. The results reveal that the H2S removal efficiency reached 98% for 1500ppm H2S. The optimal ferric iron concentration was kept between 9 and 11gL(-1) with a cell density of 10(8)CFUg(-1) granular activated carbon and a loading of 15gSm(-3)h(-1). In pilot-scale studies for biogas purification, the average inlet H2S concentration was 1645ppm with a removal efficiency of up to 97% for a 311d operation and an inlet loading 40.8gSm(-3)h(-1). When 0.1% glucose was added, the cell density increased twofold under the loading of 65.1gSm(-3)h(-1) with an H2S removal efficiency still above 96%. The analysis results of the distribution of microorganisms in the biological reactor by DGGE show that microorganism populations of 96.7% and 62.7% were identical to the original strain at day 200 and day 311, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that ferric iron reduction by H2S and ferrous iron oxidation by A. ferrooxidans CP9 are feasible processes for the removal of H2S from biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ling Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Zhang P, Zhou W, Wang P, Wang L, Tang M. Enhancement of chitosanase production by cell immobilization of Gongronella sp. JG. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:189-95. [PMID: 24159305 PMCID: PMC3804199 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanase production of Gongronella sp. JG cells immobilized in calcium alginate gel and polyurethane foam was compared with that of the free cells, there was a 60% increase in the enzyme yield (2429 U/L) compared to the highest yield obtained from free cells (1513 U/L). The optimal immobilization parameters (concentrations of sodium alginate, calcium chloride, bead inoculums, bead diameter, etc) for the enhanced production of chitosanase were determined as: sodium alginate 2% (w/v), 0.1 M calcium chloride, inoculum 10 mL beads to 100 mL production media and 2.7 mm bead diameter. Maximum chitosanase production was achieved with initial pH of 5.5 and temperature of 30 °C. The alginate beads had well stability, retained 85% ability of enzyme production even after 7 cycles of repeated batch fermentation. These results showed the immobilization technique was a feasible and economical method for chitosansase production by Gongronella sp. JG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China. ; School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
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9
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Klein R, Tischler JS, Mühling M, Schlömann M. Bioremediation of mine water. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:109-72. [PMID: 24357145 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Caused by the oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals, mine waters are often acidic and contaminated with high concentrations of sulfates, metals, and metalloids. Because the so-called acid mine drainage (AMD) affects the environment or poses severe problems for later use, treatment of these waters is required. Therefore, various remediation strategies have been developed to remove soluble metals and sulfates through immobilization using physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Conventionally, iron and sulfate-the main pollutants in mine waters-are removed by addition of neutralization reagents and subsequent chemical iron oxidation and sulfate mineral precipitation. Biological treatment strategies take advantage of the ability of microorganisms that occur in mine waters to metabolize iron and sulfate. As a rule, these can be grouped into oxidative and reductive processes, reflecting the redox state of mobilized iron (reduced form) and sulfur (oxidized form) in AMD. Changing the redox states of iron and sulfur results in iron and sulfur compounds with low solubility, thus leading to their precipitation and removal. Various techniques have been developed to enhance the efficacy of these microbial processes, as outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klein
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
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10
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Ramírez M, Gómez JM, Aroca G, Cantero D. Removal of hydrogen sulfide by immobilized Thiobacillus thioparus in a biotrickling filter packed with polyurethane foam. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4989-4995. [PMID: 19501506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the work described here, a biotrickling filter with Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645) immobilized on polyurethane foam is proposed for the removal of hydrogen sulfide contained in air. The effect of surface velocity of the recirculation medium (5.9-1.2 m/h), sulfate concentration inhibition (3.0-10.7 g/L), pH (6.0-8.2), empty bed residence time (EBRT) (150-11 s) for constant loads of 11.5 and 2.9 g S/m(3)/h, and pressure drop of the system were investigated. The total amount of biomass immobilized on the carrier was 8.2+/-1.3x10(10) cells/g. The optimal values of the operating variables were: pH between 7.0 and 7.5, surface velocity of 5.9 m/h and sulfate concentration below 5 g/L. The critical EC value was 14.9 g S/m(3)/h (removal efficiency of 99.8%) and the EC(max) was 55.0 g S/m(3)/h (removal efficiency of 79.8%) for an EBRT of 150 s. For loads of 2.89+/-0.05 and 11.5+/-0.1 g S/m(3)/h, the removal efficiency was higher than 99% for an EBRT over 90 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Food Technology and Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, CP 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Ramírez M, Gómez JM, Aroca G, Cantero D. Removal of ammonia by immobilized Nitrosomonas europaea in a biotrickling filter packed with polyurethane foam. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:1385-1390. [PMID: 19118862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A biotrickling filter with Nitrosomonas europaea immobilized on polyurethane foam is proposed for treating ammonia contaminated air. The effect of the surface velocity of the recirculation medium, nitrite concentration, pH, empty bed residence time (EBRT) and ammonia inlet load on the NH(3) removal process was investigated. The total amount of biomass immobilized on the carrier was 3.29+/-0.52 x 10(10) cells g(-1) dry carrier. The maximum elimination capacity of the biotrickling filter was 270 g Nm(-3)h(-1) at pH 7.5, an EBRT of 11s, and nitrite concentrations below 100mM. These results show that system studied can be considered as a viable alternative for the treatment of gaseous emissions containing high concentrations of ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
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13
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Cyclodextrin production by Bacillus firmus strain 37 immobilized on inorganic matrices and alginate gel. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Biological ferrous sulfate oxidation by A. ferrooxidans immobilized on chitosan beads. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 72:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Ni Y, Yang X, Li H. Bioleaching of arsenic from medicinal realgar by pure and mixed cultures. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yujian W, Xiaojuan Y, Wei T, Hongyu L. High-rate ferrous iron oxidation by immobilized Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with complex of PVA and sodium alginate. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 68:212-7. [PMID: 16979768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By four different methods, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells were immobilized by the complex of PVA and sodium alginate. The beads formed by these different methods were evaluated in terms of relative mechanical strength, biological activity, dilatability, and so on. The results indicate that the technique utilizing the complex of PVA and sodium alginate crosslinked with Ca(NO(3))(2) is more appropriate for the immobilization of A. ferrooxidans than any others. So the PVA-calcium nitrate beads were used in batch and continuous culture. A maximum ferrous iron oxidation rate of 4.6 g/l/h was achieved in batch culture. Long-time performance of packed-bed bioreactor was evaluated systematically over 40 days, depending on the conversion ratio of ferrous iron and the residence time. At a residence time of 2.5 h, 96% of the initial ferrous iron was oxidized. This study shows this new immobilization technique will be a feasible and economical method for A. ferrooxidans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yujian
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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17
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Yujian W, Xiaojuan Y, Hongyu L, Wei T. Immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with complex of PVA and sodium alginate. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Ebrahimi S, Fernández Morales FJ, Kleerebezem R, Heijnen JJ, van Loosdrecht MCM. High-rate acidophilic ferrous iron oxidation in a biofilm airlift reactor and the role of the carrier material. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 90:462-72. [PMID: 15772947 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility and engineering aspects of acidophilic ferrous iron oxidation in a continuous biofilm airlift reactor inoculated with a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans bacteria were investigated. Specific attention was paid to biofilm formation, competition between both types of bacteria, ferrous iron oxidation rate, and gas liquid mass transfer limitations. The reactor was operated at a constant temperature of 30 degrees C and at pH values of 0-1.8. Startup of the reactor was performed with basalt carrier material. During the experiments the basalt was slowly removed and the ferric iron precipitates formed served as a biofilm carrier. These precipitates have highly suitable characteristics as a carrier material for the immobilization of ferrous iron-oxidizing bacteria and dense conglomerates were observed. Lowering the pH (0.6-1) resulted in dissolution of the ferric precipitates and induced granular sludge formation. The maximum ferrous iron oxidation rate achieved in this study was about 145 molFe(2+)/m(3).h at a hydraulic residence time of 0.25 h. Optimal treatment performance was obtained at a loading rate of 100 mol/m(3).h at a conversion efficiency as high as 98%. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies showed that when the reactor was operated at high ferrous iron conversion (>85%) for 1 month, the desirable L. ferrooxidans species could out-compete A. ferrooxidans due to the low Fe(2+) and high Fe(3+) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ebrahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
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Long ZE, Huang Y, Cai Z, Cong W, Ouyang F. Immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans by a PVA–boric acid method for ferrous sulphate oxidation. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gómez J, Cantero D. Kinetic study of biological ferrous sulphate oxidation by iron-oxidising bacteria in continuous stirred tank and packed bed bioreactors. Process Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Hallberg KB, Johnson DB. Biodiversity of acidophilic prokaryotes. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2002; 49:37-84. [PMID: 11757351 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(01)49009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K B Hallberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
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