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Ferrero R, Rainer PY, Rumpler M, Russeil J, Zachara M, Pezoldt J, van Mierlo G, Gardeux V, Saelens W, Alpern D, Favre L, Vionnet N, Mantziari S, Zingg T, Pitteloud N, Suter M, Matter M, Schlaudraff KU, Canto C, Deplancke B. A human omentum-specific mesothelial-like stromal population inhibits adipogenesis through IGFBP2 secretion. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00137-2. [PMID: 38729152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plasticity is orchestrated by molecularly and functionally diverse cells within the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Although several mouse and human adipose SVF cellular subpopulations have by now been identified, we still lack an understanding of the cellular and functional variability of adipose stem and progenitor cell (ASPC) populations across human fat depots. To address this, we performed single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of >30 SVF/Lin- samples across four human adipose depots, revealing two ubiquitous human ASPC (hASPC) subpopulations with distinct proliferative and adipogenic properties but also depot- and BMI-dependent proportions. Furthermore, we identified an omental-specific, high IGFBP2-expressing stromal population that transitions between mesothelial and mesenchymal cell states and inhibits hASPC adipogenesis through IGFBP2 secretion. Our analyses highlight the molecular and cellular uniqueness of different adipose niches, while our discovery of an anti-adipogenic IGFBP2+ omental-specific population provides a new rationale for the biomedically relevant, limited adipogenic capacity of omental hASPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiana Ferrero
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Yde Rainer
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Rumpler
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magda Zachara
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido van Mierlo
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Saelens
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Styliani Mantziari
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Zingg
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Michel Suter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Matter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | | | - Carles Canto
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Goris M, Jacobsen RG, Lewis AE. Presence of active AKT in the nucleus upon adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. MicroPubl Biol 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001140. [PMID: 38495585 PMCID: PMC10940900 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
AKT is an essential player in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway. Although the mechanisms of its action are well understood at the plasma membrane, AKT can also be found in the nucleus. In adipocytes, this pathway is activated during the process of adipogenesis and solicits both plasma membrane and nuclear AKT activity. However, the endogenous presence of active AKT in the nucleus during adipogenesis has not been shown. Here, we show that the levels of active AKT phosphorylated at Ser-473 increase rapidly after the induction of differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, and tend to remain elevated over the course of differentiation. In conclusion, these results support the notion that nuclear AKT plays an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Goris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Vestland, Norway
| | - Rhîan G. Jacobsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Vestland, Norway
| | - Aurélia E. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Vestland, Norway
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Jing Y, Zhou J, Guo F, Yu L, Ren X, Yin X. Betaine regulates adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hAD-MSCs. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5081-5089. [PMID: 37101008 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an ageing population, the incidence of bone loss and obesity are increasing. Numerous studies emphasized the multidirectional differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and reported betaine modulated the osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. We wondered how betaine affected the differentiation of hAD-MSCs and hUC-MSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS ALP staining and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were proved 10 mM betaine significantly increased the number of ALP-positive cells and plaque calcified extracellular matrices, accompanying by the up-regulation of OPN, Runx-2 and OCN. Oil red O staining demonstrated the number and size of lipid droplets were reduced, the expression of adipogenic master genes such as PPARγ, CEBPα and FASN were down-regulated simultaneously. For further investigating the mechanism of betaine on hAD-MSCs, RNA-seq was performed in none-differentiation medium. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed fat cell differentiation and bone mineralization function terms were enriched, and KEGG showed PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were enriched in betaine treated hAD-MSCs, demonstrated betaine had a positive inducing effect on osteogenic of hAD-MSCs in the non-differentiation medium in vitro, which is opposite to the effect on adipogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that betaine promoted osteogenic and compromised adipogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs and hAD-MSCs upon low concentration administration. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction were significantly enriched under betaine-treated. We showed hAD-MSCs were more sensitive to betaine stimulation and have a better differentiation ability than hUC-MSCs. Our results contributed to the exploration of betaine as an aiding agent for MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jing
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fenghua Guo
- Jiangsu Pulu Rui Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Wan L, Hu X, Xia T, Li F, Chi Q, Ma H, Yan S, Li W, Huang W. Disruption of Cdyl gene impairs mouse lung epithelium differentiation and maturation. Gene 2023; 853:147088. [PMID: 36464171 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
CDYL is a chromodomain protein that has been identified as a transcriptional co-repressor that is primarily involved in the formation of repressor complexes which coordinate histone modifications to repress gene transcription. However, most functions and mechanisms of action of the CDYL protein are unknown. In this study, we show that Cdyl-/- mice died of respiratory distress immediately at birth because of distinct abnormalities in distal lung morphogenesis which was characterized by thickened septal and expiratory alveolus atelectasis. Furthermore, Cdyl deletion in mice led to excessive proliferation of immature epithelial cells and an arrest in alveolar epithelium cell differentiation in late gestation which were associated with decreased secretion of mature surfactant proteins in alveolus. Microarray analysis showed that Cdyl gene deletion influenced the expression of genes regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, cell adhesion, and cell cycle. We validated that Cdyl repressed the transcriptional activity of Cks1 in vitro. In conclusion, Cdyl gene participates in the perinatal respiratory epithelium differentiation and maturation that is important for normal lung function at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Fugui Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Qiong Chi
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Sunxing Yan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Yu D, Xin L, Qing X, Hao Z, Yong W, Jiangjiang Z, Yaqiu L. Key circRNAs from goat: discovery, integrated regulatory network and their putative roles in the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 36707755 PMCID: PMC9883971 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The procession of preadipocytes differentiation into mature adipocytes involves multiple cellular and signal transduction pathways. Recently. a seirces of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNAs (circRNAs) were proved to play important roles in regulating differentiation of adipocytes. RESULT In this study, we aimed to identificate the potential circRNAs in the early and late stages of goat intramuscular adipocytes differentiation. Using bioinformatics methods to predict their biological functions and map the circRNA-miRNA interaction network. Over 104 million clean reads in goat intramuscular preadipocytes and adipocytes were mapped, of which16 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE-circRNAs). Furthermore, we used real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) technology to randomly detect the expression levels of 8 circRNAs among the DE-circRNAs, and our result verifies the accuracy of the RNA-seq data. From the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the DE-circRNAs, two circRNAs, circ_0005870 and circ_0000946, were found in Focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Then we draw the circRNA-miRNA interaction network and obtained the miRNAs that possibly interact with circ_0005870 and circ_0000946. Using TargetScan, miRTarBase and miR-TCDS online databases, we further obtained the mRNAs that may interact with the miRNAs, and generated the final circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network. Combined with the following GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG enrichment analysis, we obtained 5 key mRNAs related to adipocyte differentiation in our interaction network, which are FOXO3(forkhead box O3), PPP2CA (protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha), EEIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4), CDK6 (cyclin dependent kinase 6) and ACVR1 (activin A receptor type 1). CONCLUSIONS By using Illumina HiSeq and online databases, we generated the final circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network that have valuable functions in adipocyte differentiation. Our work serves as a valuable genomic resource for in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs interaction network regulating adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Yu
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xin
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Qing
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Hao
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Yong
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Jiangjiang
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yaqiu
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XKey Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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He Z, Wang X, Qi Y, Zhu C, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F, Wang J, Shi B, Hu J. Long-stranded non-coding RNAs temporal-specific expression profiles reveal longissimus dorsi muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in Tianzhu white yak. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad394. [PMID: 38029315 PMCID: PMC10760506 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of muscle development and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition is quite complex and controlled by both mRNAs and ncRNAs. Long-stranded non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes in mammals while also playing a critical role in muscle development and fat deposition. In the present study, RNA-Seq was used to comprehensively study the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs during muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in postnatal Tianzhu white yaks at three stages, including 6 mo of age (calve, n = 6), 30 mo of age (young cattle, n = 6) and 54 mo of age (adult cattle, n = 6). The results indicated that a total of 2,101 lncRNAs and 20,855 mRNAs were screened across the three stages, of which the numbers of differential expression (DE) lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were 289 and 1,339, respectively, and DE lncRNAs were divided into eight different expression patterns based on expression trends. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that some DE mRNAs overlapped with target genes of lncRNAs, such as NEDD4L, SCN3B, AGT, HDAC4, DES, MYH14, KLF15 (muscle development), ACACB, PCK2, LIPE, PIK3R1, PNPLA2, and MGLL (intramuscular fat deposition). These DE mRNAs were significantly enriched in critical muscle development and IMF deposition-related pathways and GO terms, such as AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, etc. In addition, lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis revealed that six lncRNAs (MSTRG.20152.2, MSTRG.20152.3, XR_001351700.1, MSTRG.8190.1, MSTRG.4827.1, and MSTRG.11486.1) may play a major role in Tianzhu white yak muscle development and lipidosis deposition. Therefore, this study enriches the database of yak lncRNAs and could help to further explore the functions and roles of lncRNAs in different stages of muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in the Tianzhu white yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua He
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youpeng Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chune Zhu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Ceccarelli S, Gerini G, Megiorni F, Pontecorvi P, Messina E, Camero S, Anastasiadou E, Romano E, Onesti MG, Napoli C, Marchese C. Inhibiting DNA methylation as a strategy to enhance adipose-derived stem cells differentiation: Focus on the role of Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways on adipogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:926180. [PMID: 36120582 PMCID: PMC9478209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.926180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) represent a valid therapeutic option for clinical application in several diseases, due to their ability to repair damaged tissues and to mitigate the inflammatory/immune response. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating ASC biology might represent the chance to modulate their in vitro characteristics and differentiation potential for regenerative medicine purposes. Herein, we investigated the effects of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, adipogenic differentiation and senescence of ASCs, to identify the molecular pathways involved. Through functional assays, we observed a detrimental effect of 5-aza on ASC self-renewal capacity and migration, accompanied by actin cytoskeleton reorganization, with decreased stress fibers. Conversely, 5-aza treatment enhanced ASC adipogenic differentiation, as assessed by lipid accumulation and expression of lineage-specific markers. We analyzed the involvement of the Akt/mTOR, MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in these processes. Our results indicated impairment of Akt and ERK phosphorylation, potentially explaining the reduced cell proliferation and migration. We observed a 5-aza-mediated inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway, this potentially explaining the pro-adipogenic effect of the drug. Finally, 5-aza treatment significantly induced ASC senescence, through upregulation of the p53/p21 axis. Our data may have important translational implications, by helping in clarifying the potential risks and advantages of using epigenetic treatment to improve ASC characteristics for cell-based clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Ceccarelli ,
| | - G. Gerini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Camero
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Romano
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M. G. Onesti
- Department of Surgery “P. Valdoni”, Unit of Plastic Surgery “P. Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Cai H, Wang Z, Tang W, Ke X, Zhao E. Recent advances of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:970699. [PMID: 36110206 PMCID: PMC9468880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, metabolism, autophagy, survival and cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, mTOR is made up of three multisubunit complexes, mTOR complex 1, mTOR complex 2, and putative mTOR complex 3. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that mTOR plays important roles in the differentiation and immune responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition, mTOR is a vital regulator of pivotal cellular and physiological functions, such as cell metabolism, survival and ageing, where it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases. Therefore, the mTOR signaling may develop a large impact on the treatment of ageing-related diseases with MSCs. In this review, we discuss prospects for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Ke, ; Erhu Zhao,
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Ke, ; Erhu Zhao,
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9
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Salmi A, Quacquarelli F, Chauveau C, Clabaut A, Broux O. An integrative bioinformatics approach to decipher adipocyte-induced transdifferentiation of osteoblast. Genomics 2022; 114:110422. [PMID: 35817314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In human, bone loss is associated with increased marrow adipose tissue and recent data suggest that medullary adipocytes could play a role in osteoporosis by acting on neighboring bone-forming osteoblasts. Supporting this hypothesis, we previously showed, in a coculture model based on human bone marrow stromal cells, that factors secreted by adipocytes induced the conversion of osteoblasts towards an adipocyte-like phenotype. In this work, we employed an original integrative bioinformatics approach connecting proteomic and transcriptomic data from adipocytes and osteoblasts, respectively, to investigate the mechanisms underlying their crosstalk. Our analysis identified a total of 271 predicted physical interactions between adipocyte-secreted proteins and osteoblast membrane protein coding genes and proposed three pathways for their potential contribution to osteoblast transdifferentiation, the PI3K-AKT, the JAK2-STAT3 and the SMAD pathways. Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of our integrative omics strategy to decipher cell-cell communication events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoub Salmi
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Univ. Lille F-59000, Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab - MABLab, ULR 4490 Lille, France
| | - Federica Quacquarelli
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Univ. Lille F-59000, Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab - MABLab, ULR 4490 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Univ. Lille F-59000, Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab - MABLab, ULR 4490 Lille, France
| | - Aline Clabaut
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Univ. Lille F-59000, Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab - MABLab, ULR 4490 Lille, France
| | - Odile Broux
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Univ. Lille F-59000, Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab - MABLab, ULR 4490 Lille, France.
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10
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Ouyang Z, Kang D, Li K, Liang G, Liu Z, Mai Q, Chen Q, Yao C, Wei R, Tan X, Bai X, Huang B, Li Q. DEPTOR exacerbates bone-fat imbalance in osteoporosis by transcriptionally modulating BMSC differentiation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113164. [PMID: 35609371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) tend to differentiate into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts in osteoporosis and other pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the adipo-osteogenic imbalance greatly contributes to the ability to induce specific MSC differentiation for clinical applications. This study aimed to explore whether DEP-domain containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) regulated MSC fate and bone-fat switch, which was indicated to be a key player in bone homeostasis. We found that DEPTOR expression decreased during the osteogenesis of BMSCs but increased during adipogenesis and the shift of cell lineage commitment of BMSCs to adipocytes in mice with osteoporosis. DEPTOR facilitated adipogenic differentiation while preventing the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Deptor ablation in BMSCs alleviated bone loss and reduced marrow fat accumulation in mice with osteoporosis. Mechanistically, DEPTOR binds transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and inhibits its transactivation properties, thereby repressing the transcriptional activity of RUNX2 and elevating gene transcription by peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. TAZ knockdown in BMSCs abolished the beneficial role of Deptor ablation in bone-fat balance in mice. Together, our data indicate that DEPTOR is a molecular rheostat that modulates BMSC differentiation and bone-fat balance, and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Ouyang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dawei Kang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Orthopedics, Dazhou Second People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Kai Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guojun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Huaxin Orthopaedic Hospital of Shantou University, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Zezheng Liu
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qiguang Mai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qingjing Chen
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chenfeng Yao
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ruiming Wei
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xianchun Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dazhou Second People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Qingchu Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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11
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Ishii M, Ikeda N, Miyata H, Takahashi M, Nishimura M. Purple sweet potato leaf extracts suppress adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14057. [PMID: 35034358 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract (PSPLE) is known to exhibit various biological effects. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of PSPLE on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PSPLE on the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs. PSPLE treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels during adipogenic differentiation. PSPLE suppressed the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, which are the master transcription factors orchestrating adipogenesis; moreover, it inhibited the expression of adiponectin, adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which are downstream target genes involved in adipogenic differentiation. Furthermore, PSPLE treatment suppressed glucose transporter 4 expression and intracellular glucose uptake and significantly inhibited the adipogenic differentiation induced factor-stimulated Akt signaling activation. These results indicate that PSPLE suppresses the differentiation of undifferentiated MSCs into adipocyte lineages and inhibits the terminal differentiation from preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide is a problem today. Obesity is induced by an excessive accumulation of adipocytes and causes obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Natural compounds derived from plants and fruits have a variety of biological activities and are expected to exert therapeutic effects against various diseases. This study shows that purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract (PSPLE) suppresses adipogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, PSPLE may be a novel functional food for controlling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Manami Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
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12
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Li Y, Fu C, Liu L, Liu Y, Li F. mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling participate in the process of acetate regulating lipid metabolism and HSL expression. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:1444-1453. [PMID: 34727637 PMCID: PMC9449403 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acetate plays an important role in host lipid metabolism. However, the network of acetate-regulated lipid metabolism remains unclear. Previous studies show that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) play a crucial role in lipid metabolism. We hypothesize that acetate could affect MAPKs and/or mTOR signaling and then regulate lipid metabolism. The present study investigated whether any cross talk occurs among MAPKs, mTOR and acetate in regulating lipid metabolism. Methods The ceramide C6 (an extracellular signaling-regulated kinases 1 and 2 [ERK1/2] activator) and MHY1485 (a mTOR activator) were used to treat rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with or without acetate, respectively. Results It indicated that acetate (9 mM) treatment for 48 h decreased the lipid deposition in rabbit ADSCs. Acetate treatment decreased significantly phosphorylated protein levels of ERK1/2 and mTOR but significantly increased mRNA level of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Acetate treatment did not significantly alter the phosphorylated protein level of p38 MAPK and c-Jun aminoterminal kinase (JNK). Activation of ERK1/2 and mTOR by respective addition in media with ceramide C6 and MHY1485 significantly attenuated decreased lipid deposition and increased HSL expression caused by acetate. Conclusion Our results suggest that ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling pathways are associated with acetate regulated HSL gene expression and lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250023, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongxu Liu
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., LTD., Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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13
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Xu Q, Chen J, Liu X, Luo Y, Wang T, Fang M. miR-F4-C12 Functions on the Regulation of Adipose Accumulation by Targeting PIK3R1 in Castrated Male Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3053. [PMID: 34827785 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs play crucial roles in regulating adipogenesis and fat storage; their role in regulating castrated male pig adipose growth is worth elucidating. Four nine-fold differentially expressed miRNAs were selected to investigate their functions on the regulation of adipose development based on our previous study. In 3T3-L1 cells and backfat tissues of castrated and intact male pigs, miR-F4-C12 was identified as involved in the adipose development using qRT-PCR and oil O staining. PIK3R1 was proposed by the TargetScan, miRDB and starBase as a target of miR-F4-C12 and verified through a dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. These results revealed that miR-F4-C12 may regulate adipose accumulation in castrated male pigs by targeting PIK3R1. Our data provide a valuable foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in adipose tissue metabolism to castration-induced sex hormone deficiency. Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute small regulatory molecules for a wide array of biological activities (18~24 nucleotides in length), including adipogenesis and adipose deposition. Their effect is, however, incompletely defined in inducing fat accumulation in castrated male pigs. Based on our study, four nine-times miRNAs were selected to examine their functions in adipose formation activities. In 3T3-L1 cells and backfat tissues of castrated and intact male pigs, miR-F4-C12 was identified as a factor in adipose development utilizing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Further, miR-F4-C12 was identified to promote fat development, suggesting that miR-F4-C12 was involved in adipogenesis. Moreover, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) was proposed by the TargetScan, miRDB and starBase as a target of miR-F4-C12 and verified through a two-luciferase reporter assay. The over-expression of miR-F4-C12 dramatically decreases the PIK3R1 protein level in 3T3-L1 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PIK3R1 in castrated pigs are reduced relative to intact pigs, providing further evidence that PIK3R1 is involved in regulating adipose accumulation. These results suggest that miR-F4-C12 involves adipose development and may regulate subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation by targeting PIK3R1 in castrated male pigs.
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14
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Kang MJ, Choi W, Yoo SH, Nam SW, Shin PG, Kim KK, Kim GD. Modulation of Inflammatory Pathways and Adipogenesis by the Action of Gentisic Acid in RAW 264.7 and 3T3-L1 Cell Lines. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1079-1087. [PMID: 34226400 PMCID: PMC9705943 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2105.05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gentisic acid (GA), a benzoic acid derivative present in various food ingredients, has been shown to have diverse pharmaceutical activities such as anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we used a co-culture system to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effects of GA on macrophages and adipocytes, respectively, as well as its effect on obesity-related chronic inflammation. We found that GA effectively suppressed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses by controlling the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating inflammation-related protein pathways. GA treatment also inhibited lipid accumulation in adipocytes by modulating the expression of major adipogenic transcription factors and their upstream protein pathways. Furthermore, in the macrophage-adipocyte co-culture system, GA decreased the production of obesity-related cytokines. These results indicate that GA possesses effective anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic activities and may be used in developing treatments for the management of obesity-related chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-jae Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosuk Choi
- UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Nam
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Gyun Shin
- Himchan Agriculture Co., Ltd., Eumseong 27629, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Ki Kim
- Department of Life Sciences and Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-51-629-5618 Fax: +82-51-629-5619 E-mail:
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15
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Xie Y, Chen F, Jia L, Chen R, Zhang VW, Zhong X, Wang D. Mesenchymal stem cells from different sources show distinct therapeutic effects in hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8558-8566. [PMID: 34322990 PMCID: PMC8419191 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown as an effective medicinal means to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The widely used MSCs were from Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs). Amniotic fluid MSCs (AF-MSCs) may be produced before an individual is born to treat foetal diseases by autoplastic transplantation. We evaluated intratracheal (IT) MSCs as an approach to treat an hyperoxia-induced BPD animal model and compared the therapeutic effects between AF-, UC- and BM-MSCs. A BPD animal model was generated by exposing newborn rats to 95% O2 . The continued stress lasted 21 days, and the treatment of IT MSCs was conducted for 4 days. The therapeutic effects were analysed, including lung histology, level of inflammatory cytokines, cell death ratio and state of angiogenesis, by sacrificing the experimental animal at day 21. The lasting hyperoxia stress induced BPD similar to the biological phenotype. The treatment of IT MSCs was safe without deaths and normal organ histopathology. Specifically, the treatment was effective by inhibiting the alveolar dilatation, reducing inflammatory cytokines, inducing angiogenesis and lowering the cell death ratio. AF-MSCs had better therapeutic effects compared with UC-MSCs in relieving the pulmonary alveoli histological changes and promoting neovascularization, and UC-MSCs had the best immunosuppressive effect in plasma and lung lysis compared with AF-MSCs and BM-MSCs. This study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of AF-, UC- and BM-MSCs in BPD model. Superior treatment effect was provided by antenatal MSCs compared to BM-MSC in a statistical comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xinqi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Lee J, Chung MY, Chung S, Choi HK. Anacardic Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis Through Inhibition of the Hsp90/Akt Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. J Med Food 2021; 24:487-496. [PMID: 34009020 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anacardic acid (AA), a major component of cashew nut shell liquid, has extensive bioactivities. However, little is known about its antiadipogenic properties or the mechanism that underpins them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AA on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and its mechanisms of action. AA inhibits lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte (IC50 = 25.45 μM). AA abrogates mRNA expressions of the genes implicated in lipogenesis and their transcription factors, especially Pparg and Cebpa. Furthermore, antibody microarray and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results showed that the proteins implicated in the Akt signaling pathway were most likely altered by AA. Notably, upon AA treatment, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a positive regulator of Akt, was decreased, resulting in Akt degradation. These findings indicate that AA, a natural product that acts as a Hsp90/Akt signaling inhibitor, may be a possible antiadipogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Sangwon Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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17
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Al Dow M, Silveira MAD, Poliquin A, Tribouillard L, Fournier É, Trébaol E, Secco B, Villot R, Tremblay F, Bilodeau S, Laplante M. Control of adipogenic commitment by a STAT3-VSTM2A axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E259-E269. [PMID: 33196296 PMCID: PMC8260376 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00314.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic organ that plays crucial roles in controlling metabolic homeostasis. During development and periods of energy excess, adipose progenitors are recruited and differentiate into adipocytes to promote lipid storage capability. The identity of adipose progenitors and the signals that promote their recruitment are still incompletely characterized. We have recently identified V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2A (VSTM2A) as a novel protein enriched in preadipocytes that amplifies adipogenic commitment. Despite the emerging role of VSTM2A in promoting adipogenesis, the molecular mechanisms regulating Vstm2a expression in preadipocytes are still unknown. To define the molecular mechanisms controlling Vstm2a expression, we have treated preadipocytes with an array of compounds capable of modulating established regulators of adipogenesis. Here, we report that Vstm2a expression is positively regulated by PI3K/mTOR and cAMP-dependent signaling pathways and repressed by the MAPK pathway and the glucocorticoid receptor. By integrating the impact of all the molecules tested, we identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a novel downstream transcription factor affecting Vstm2a expression. We show that activation of STAT3 increased Vstm2a expression, whereas its inhibition repressed this process. In mice, we found that STAT3 phosphorylation is elevated in the early phases of WAT development, an effect that strongly associates with Vstm2a expression. Our findings identify STAT3 as a key transcription factor regulating Vstm2a expression in preadipocytes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY cAMP-dependent and PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways promote the expression of Vstm2a. STAT3 is a key transcription factor that controls Vstm2a expression in preadipocytes. STAT3 is activated in the early phases of WAT development, an effect that strongly associates with Vstm2a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Al Dow
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Maruhen Amir Datsch Silveira
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrée Poliquin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Laura Tribouillard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Fournier
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Eva Trébaol
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Blandine Secco
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Romain Villot
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Bilodeau
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Wang F, Chen X, Li J, Wang D, Huang H, Li X, Bi Z, Peng Y, Zhang X, Li G, Wang J, Wang C, Fu Q, Liu L. Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Infusion on Cardiac Allograft Rejection in Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:203-213. [PMID: 33371825 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation is the final life-saving therapeutic strategy for many end-stage heart diseases. Long-term immunosuppressive regimens are needed to prevent allograft rejection. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown as immunomodulatory therapy for organ transplantation. However, the effect of dose and timing of MSC treatment on heart transplantation has not yet been examined. In this study, we infused three doses (1 × 106, 2 × 106, or 5 × 106 cells) of human MSCs (hMSCs) to the recipient BALB/c mice before (7 days or 24 h) or after (24 h) receiving C57BL/6 cardiac transplants. We found that infusion of high dose hMSCs (5 × 106) at 24 h post-transplantation significantly prolonged the survival time of cardiac grafts. To delineate the underlying mechanism, grafts, spleens, and draining lymph nodes were harvested for analysis. Dose-dependent effect of hMSC treatment was shown in: (1) alleviation of International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) score in grafts; (2) reduction of the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; (3) increase of regulatory T (Treg) cells; (4) and decrease of serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and donor-specific antibodies. Taken together, we showed timing critical and dose-dependent immunomodulatory effects of hMSC treatment against acute allograft rejection in a mouse model of heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Organ Transplant Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xirui Li
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirong Bi
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Peng
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Wang T, Zhong D, Qin Z, He S, Gong Y, Li W, Li X. miR-100-3p inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs by targeting PIK3R1 via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25090-25100. [PMID: 33221758 PMCID: PMC7803504 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). How miR-100-3p influences such adipogenesis, however, remains uncertain. In this study, hMSC adipogenic differentiation was associated with miR-100-3p downregulation, and overexpressing this miRNA inhibited adipogenesis and the expression of adipogenic marker genes. Through bioinformatics approaches, miR-100-3p can bind the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the mRNA encoding phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) such that miR-100-3p overexpression resulted in significant reductions in PIK3R1 expression. Importantly, overexpressing PIK3R1 was sufficient to reverse the anti-adipogenic effects of miR-100-3p overexpression. PIK3R1 is a critical component of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and miR-100-3p overexpression resulted in reduced AKT phosphorylation in the context of adipogenesis. In addition, the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which miR-100-3p was overexpressed was further enhanced upon treatment with the PI3K/AKT agonist 740Y-P relative to miR-100-3p overexpression alone. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that miR-100-3p inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs by targeting PIK3R1 via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Donghuo Zhong
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Zhongjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Xingnuan Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
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20
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes in vitro, and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo. The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage. Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases, including aging, osteoporosis, and insulin resistance. Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs, for instance, genistein, medicarpin, and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment; isorhamnetin, risedronate, and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis; and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination. We highlight the underlying mechanisms, including direct regulation, epigenetic modification, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK, MAPK, Notch, PI3K/AKT, Hedgehog signaling pathways etc. and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials. The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation, adipose tissue homeostasis, and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Chen K, Xie S, Jin W. Crucial lncRNAs associated with adipocyte differentiation from human adipose-derived stem cells based on co-expression and ceRNA network analyses. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7544. [PMID: 31534842 PMCID: PMC6733242 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is a promising treatment for facial contour deformities. However, its treatment mechanisms remain largely unknown. The study aimed to explain the molecular mechanisms of adipogenic differentiation from ASCs based on the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). METHODS Datasets of mRNA-lncRNA (GSE113253) and miRNA (GSE72429) expression profiling were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), lncRNAs (DELs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between undifferentiated and adipocyte differentiated human ASCs were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Data method. DELs related co-expression and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to screen crucial target genes. RESULTS A total of 748 DEGs, 17 DELs and 51 DEMs were identified. A total of 13 DELs and 279 DEGs with Pearson correlation coefficients > 0.9 and p-value < 0.01 were selected to construct the co-expression network. A total of 151 interaction pairs among 112 nodes (10 DEMs; eight DELs; 94 DEGs) were obtained to construct the ceRNA network. By comparing the lncRNAs and mRNAs in two networks, five lncRNAs (SNHG9, LINC02202, UBAC2-AS1, PTCSC3 and myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT)) and 32 genes (i.e., such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type B (PTPRB)) were found to be shared. PPI analysis demonstrated PIK3R1 , forkhead box O1 (FOXO1; a transcription factor) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) were hub genes, which could be regulated by the miRNAs that interacted with the above five lncRNAs, such as LINC02202-miR-136-5p-PIK3R1, LINC02202-miR-381-3p-FOXO1 and MIAT-miR-18a-5p-ESR1. LINC02202 also could directly co-express with PIK3R1. Furthermore, PTPRB was predicted to be modulated by co-expression with LINC01119. CONCLUSION MIAT, LINC02202 and LINC01119 may be potentially important, new lncRNAs associated with adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. They may be involved in adipogenesis by acting as a ceRNA or co-expressing with their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujie Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wujun Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Han YH, Kee JY, Park SH, Mun JG, Jeon HD, Park J, Zou QP, Liu XQ, Hong SH. Rubrofusarin-6-β-gentiobioside inhibits lipid accumulation and weight gain by regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling. Phytomedicine 2019; 62:152952. [PMID: 31132754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rubrofusarin-6-β-gentiobioside (RFG), which is a component of Cassiae tora seed, could likely regulate hyperlipidemia, its anti-obesity effect and related mechanism have not been elucidated. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine whether RFG can ameliorate obesity and the mechanism of lipid accumulation regulated by RFG. STUDY DESIGN In in vitro experiments, we confirmed the anti-adipogenic effect of RFG using 3T3-L1 cells and human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). To confirm the anti-obesity effect, High-Fat Diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were selected as a model. METHODS We investigated anti-adipogenic effects of RFG using MTS assay, Oil Red O Staining, real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. The anti-obesity effect of RFG was confirmed in HFD-induced mice model using hematoxylin and eosin staining and serum analysis. RESULTS RFG inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and hAMSCs by reducing expression of mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α. RFG phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a liver kinase B (LKB) 1-independent manner. Moreover, the anti-adipogenic effect of RFG was blocked by AMPK inhibitor. These results suggest that RFG inhibits lipid accumulation via AMPK signaling. Furthermore, RFG reduced the body weight, size of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and fatty liver in the mice. RFG also suppressed levels of adipogenic factors PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, LPL, and aP2) by activating AMPK in the eWAT and liver. CONCLUSION RFG can ameliorate obesity, and thus, could be used as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geon Mun
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Jeon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Qin-Peng Zou
- Changsha Broad-Ocean Bio-science and Technique Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Yang IH, Rose GE, Ezra DG, Bailly M. Macrophages promote a profibrotic phenotype in orbital fibroblasts through increased hyaluronic acid production and cell contractility. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9622. [PMID: 31270379 PMCID: PMC6610127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the orbit. Orbital fibroblasts are a key component in GO pathogenesis, which includes inflammation, adipogenesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) secretion, and fibrosis. Macrophages are thought to participate in the immunological stage of GO, but whether they can directly affect the fibroblasts phenotype and modulate disease progression is unknown. We previously showed that GO adipogenic and fibrotic phenotypes could be modelled in a pseudo-physiological 3D environment in vitro. Here, we introduced macrophages in this 3D culture model to investigate role for macrophages in modulating adipogenesis, HA production, and contractility in orbital fibroblasts. Macrophages had a minimal effect on lipid droplet formation in fibroblasts, but significantly increased HA production and cell contractility, suggesting that they may promote the fibrotic phenotype. This effect was found to be mediated at least in part through phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and linked to an increase in actin polymerization and protrusive activity in fibroblasts. Overall our work shows for the first time a direct role for macrophages in modulating the fibroblasts’ phenotype in GO, supporting a role for macrophages in the progression of the fibrotic phenotype through induction of HA production and stimulation of the contractile phenotype in orbital fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hui Yang
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Geoffrey E Rose
- Department of Adnexal Surgery, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Daniel G Ezra
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.,Department of Adnexal Surgery, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Maryse Bailly
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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24
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Chen X, Cai C, Xu D, Liu Q, Zheng S, Liu L, Li G, Zhang X, Li X, Ma Y, Huang L, Chen J, Shi J, Du X, Xia W, Xiang AP, Peng Y. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Treated Regulatory CD23 +CD43 + B Cells Alleviate Intestinal Inflammation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4633-4647. [PMID: 31367246 PMCID: PMC6643430 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease by their actions on multiple immune cells, especially on regulatory B cells (Breg cells). However, the phenotypes and functions of human MSCs (hMSCs)-treated Breg cell subsets are not yet clear. Methods: Purified B cells were cocultured with MSCs and the phenotypes and immunomodulatory functions of the B cells were analyzed by FACS and proliferation assays in vitro. Also, a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced mouse colitis model was employed to detect the function of MSC-treated Breg cells in vivo. Results: We demonstrated that coculturing with hMSCs significantly enhanced the immunomodulatory activity of B cells by up-regulating IL-10 expression. We then identified that a novel regulatory B cell population characterized by CD23 and CD43 phenotypic markers could be induced by hMSCs. The CD23+CD43+ Breg cells substantially inhibited the inflammatory cytokine secretion and proliferation of T cells through an IL-10-dependent pathway. More significantly, intraperitoneal injection of hMSCs ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity in the mouse experimental colitis model, accompanied by an increase in the number of CD23+CD43+ Breg cells. The adoptive transfer of CD23+CD43+ B cells effectively alleviated murine colitis, as compared with the CD23-CD43- B cells. Treatment with CD23+CD43+ B cells, and not hMSCs, substantially improved the symptoms of colitis in B cell-depleted mice. Conclusion: the novel CD23+CD43+ Breg cell subset appears to be involved in the immunomodulatory function of hMSCs and sheds new light on elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of hMSCs for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Abstract
Context: Differential expression profiles of microRNAs have been reported in human obesity suggesting a miRNAs role in the development of obesity and associated disorders. Objective: To review circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) dysregulated in human obesity and to predict their possible target genes. Methods: We performed a systematic review on PubMed database (PROSPERO, CRD42017077742) for original works on c-miRNAs and human obesity and recorded c-miRNAs with differential expression profiles. Potential target genes and metabolic pathways for dysregulated miRNAs with at least two independent reports were searched using bioinformatic tools. Results: Twenty-two c-miRNAs are overexpressed, nine underexpressed and two c-miRNAs dysregulated in both directions in people with obesity compared to lean controls. Bioinformatic analyses suggest these c-miRNAs target on genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and PI3k/Akt pathway. Conclusion: Literature records 33 c-miRNAs confirmedly dysregulated in human obesity. Their predicted target genes are involved in pathways that could explain the development of obesity and its comorbidities. Further research will clarify the role of these miRNAs on metabolic diseases and their usefulness for the prognosis, prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ortiz-Dosal
- a Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Potosino of Scientific and Technological Research , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Patricia Rodil-García
- a Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Potosino of Scientific and Technological Research , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Luis A Salazar-Olivo
- a Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Potosino of Scientific and Technological Research , San Luis Potosí , México
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He J, He Y, Pan D, Cao J, Sun Y, Zeng X. Associations of Gut Microbiota With Heat Stress-Induced Changes of Growth, Fat Deposition, Intestinal Morphology, and Antioxidant Capacity in Ducks. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:903. [PMID: 31105682 PMCID: PMC6498187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed the dysbiosis of gut/fecal microbiota induced by heat stress (HS) in mammals and poultry. However, the effects of HS on microbiota communities in different intestinal segments of Cherry-Valley ducks (a widely used meat-type breed) and their potential associations with growth performances, fat deposition, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity have not been well evaluated yet. In this study, room temperature (RT) of 25°C was considered as control, and RT at 32°C for 8 h per day was set as the HS treatment. After 3 weeks, the intestinal contents of jejunum, ileum, and cecum were harvested to investigate the microbiota composition variations by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. And the weight gain, adipose indices, intestinal morphology, and a certain number of serum biochemical parameters were also measured and analyzed. The results showed the microbial species at different levels differentially enriched in duck jejunum and cecum under HS, while no significant data were observed in ileum. HS also caused the intestinal morphological changes (villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth) and the reductions of growth speed (daily gain), levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol, and antioxidant activity (higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lower total antioxidant). The higher abdominal fat content and serum glucose level were also observed in HS ducks. The Spearman correlation analysis indicated that in jejunum the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were associated with average daily gain, feed/gain, serum TG and MDA levels, and villus height/crypt depth (P < 0.05). The phylum Firmicutes and genus Acinetobacter were significantly associated with fat deposition and serum glucose level (P < 0.05). The genus Lactobacillus was positively associated with serum total antioxidant (P < 0.05), while some other microbial species were found negatively associated, including order Pseudomonadales, genera Acinetobacter, and unidentified_Mitochondria. However, no significant correlations were observed in cecum. These findings imply the potential roles of duck gut microbiota in the intestinal injuries, fat deposition, and reductions of growth speed and antioxidant capacity caused by HS, although the molecular mechanisms requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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27
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Ramazzotti G, Ratti S, Fiume R, Follo MY, Billi AM, Rusciano I, Owusu Obeng E, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Faenza I. Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase Signaling in Human Stem Cells from Reprogramming to Differentiation: A Tale in Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Compartments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082026. [PMID: 31022972 PMCID: PMC6514809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to several different cell types and can self-renew. Given their ability to differentiate into different lineages, stem cells retain huge therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. Therefore, the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in stem cell pluripotency maintenance and differentiation has a paramount importance in order to understand these biological processes and to develop therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) since its signaling pathway regulates many cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, and cellular transformation. Precisely, in human stem cells, the PI3K cascade is involved in different processes from pluripotency and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming to mesenchymal and oral mesenchymal differentiation, through different and interconnected mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Yung Follo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eric Owusu Obeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Suárez-Vega A, Arranz JJ, Pérez V, de la Fuente LF, Mateo J, Gutiérrez-Gil B. Early adipose deposits in sheep: comparative analysis of the perirenal fat transcriptome of Assaf and Churra suckling lambs. Anim Genet 2018; 49:605-617. [PMID: 30311245 DOI: 10.1111/age.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipose deposits influence the quality of ruminant carcasses, and in suckling lambs, internal types of adipose deposits represent a notable proportion of total fat. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the perirenal fat transcriptomes of suckling lambs from two breeds with different growth and carcass characteristics. The perirenal fat tissue from 14 suckling lambs (Assaf, n = 8; Churra, n = 6) was used for the RNA-seq analysis. The functional enrichment analysis of the 670 highly expressed genes (>150 fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped) in the perirenal fat transcriptome of both breeds revealed that the majority of these genes were involved in energy processes. The expression of the UCP1 gene, a classical biomarker of brown fat, and the presence of multilocular adipocytes in the two breeds supported the presence of brown fat at the transition stage towards white fat tissue. The differential expression analysis performed identified 373 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two compared breeds. Brown/white fat gene biomarkers were not included in the list of DEGs. In Assaf lambs, DEGs were enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes related to fatty-acid oxidation, whereas in Churra lambs, the majority of the significantly enriched GO terms were related to cholesterol synthesis, which suggests that upregulated DEGs in Assaf lambs are implicated in fat burning, whereas the Churra upregulated DEGs are linked to fat accumulation. These results can help to increase knowledge of the genes controlling early fat deposition in ruminants and shed light on fundamental aspects of adipose tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
| | - J J Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
| | - V Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
| | - L F de la Fuente
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
| | - J Mateo
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
| | - B Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
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29
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Hu C, Zhao L, Peng C, Li L. Regulation of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Strategies to control mesenchymal stem cell fates ex vivo and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5196-5207. [PMID: 30160351 PMCID: PMC6201215 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly used in cell‐based regenerative medicine because of their self‐renewal and multilineage potencies in vitro and in vivo. To ensure sufficient amounts of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, cells are generally cultured in vitro for long‐term expansion or specific terminal differentiation until cell transplantation. Although physiologically up‐regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is essential for maintenance of stem cell activities, abnormally high levels of ROS can harm MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, additional elucidation of the mechanisms by which physiological and pathological ROS are generated is necessary to better direct MSC fates and improve their therapeutic effects by controlling external ROS levels. In this review, we focus on the currently revealed ROS generation mechanisms and the regulatory routes for controlling their rates of proliferation, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. A promising strategy in future regenerative medicine involves regulating ROS generation via various means to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, thus improving the prognosis of patients with terminal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Conggao Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Liu H, Li H, Jin L, Li G, Hu S, Ning C, Guo J, Shuai S, Li X, Li M. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Suppresses 3T3-L1 Cells Adipogenesis Through miR-21a-5p/PTEN Signal Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:767-777. [PMID: 30020817 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies indicated that both long noncoding RNAs and micro-RNAs play crucial roles in the mediation of adipogenesis, which is closely linked to obesity-related diseases. However, the mechanisms of lncRNA-miRNAs coregulating in adipogenesis are still largely unknown. In this study, we determined that lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) presented an opposite expression pattern with miR-21a-5p in 3T3-L1 adipocytes development. To explore the role of GAS5 in adipogenesis, pcDNA3.1-GAS5 expression vectors and GAS5-siRNAs were used to perform GAS5 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Ectopic expression of GAS5 dramatically reduced miR-21a-5p level and suppressed the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, while silencing GAS5 slightly increased miR-21a-5p expression but had no significant influence on the cell viability. In addition, overexpression of GAS5 remarkably decreased the mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic marker genes, and resulted in a notable reduction of lipid accumulation. In contrast, overexpressing miR-21a-5p significantly facilitated differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. By target gene prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we suggested that GAS5 might indirectly improve the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) by repressing miR-21a-5p in a miRNA-based regulatory mechanism. Together, GAS5 plays a suppressive role in 3T3-L1 cells adipogenesis, which further highlights the importance of lncRNAs in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Silu Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Surong Shuai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Rhee YH, Moon JH, Mo JH, Pham T, Chung PS. mTOR and ROS regulation by anethole on adipogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:12. [PMID: 29980168 PMCID: PMC6035441 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is dependent on mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to initiate adipocyte differentiation. Although anethole has been known as an anti-oxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, there is little investigated about its role in adipogenic differentiation. Methods The effects on cytotoxicity and proliferation of anethole in hMSCs were measured by the MTT assay. The anti-adipogenic effect of anethole on hMSCs was analyzed by Oil Red O staining and western blot analysis. The anti-oxidant activity of anethole on hMSC was assessed by flowcytometry and fluorescence staining using 2',7' –dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA). The western blotting was used to detect of phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, PPARγ, and phsopho-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Results Anethole suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs through down-regulation of Akt-mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ and up-regulation of AMPK. Anethole affected oxidative conditions through ROS generation. Anethole also rescued AMPK activity and reduced activation of mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ under oxidative conditions in presence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion ROS and mTOR regulation is a crucial factor in adipogenic differentiation, anethole has an important role in regulating activities of mTOR/PPARγ and ROS control in adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Moon
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiffany Pham
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Solheim MH, Winnay JN, Batista TM, Molven A, Njølstad PR, Kahn CR. Mice Carrying a Dominant-Negative Human PI3K Mutation Are Protected From Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis but Not Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:1297-1309. [PMID: 29724723 PMCID: PMC6014554 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a central role in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, cell growth, cell development, and apoptosis. A heterozygous missense mutation (R649W) in the p85α regulatory subunit gene of PI3K (PIK3R1) has been identified in patients with SHORT (Short stature, Hyperextensibility/Hernia, Ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and Teething delay) syndrome, a disorder characterized by postnatal growth retardation, insulin resistance, and partial lipodystrophy. Knock-in mice with the same heterozygous mutation mirror the human phenotype. In this study, we show that Pik3r1 R649W knock-in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) have reduced weight gain and adipose accumulation. This is accompanied by reduced expression of several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Interestingly, despite the lower level of adiposity, the HFD knock-in mice are more hyperglycemic and more insulin-resistant than HFD-fed control mice. Likewise, when crossed with genetically obese ob/ob mice, the ob/ob mice carrying the heterozygous R649W mutation were protected from obesity and hepatic steatosis but developed a severe diabetic state. Together, our data demonstrate a central role of PI3K in development of obesity and fatty liver disease, separating these effects from the role of PI3K in insulin resistance and the resultant hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie H Solheim
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Ali D, Abuelreich S, Alkeraishan N, Shwish NB, Hamam R, Kassem M, Alfayez M, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. Multiple intracellular signaling pathways orchestrate adipocytic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171252. [PMID: 29298881 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocyte formation plays a role in bone homeostasis and whole body energy metabolism. However, the transcriptional landscape and signaling pathways associated with adipocyte lineage commitment and maturation are not fully delineated. Thus, we performed global gene expression profiling during adipocyte differentiation of human bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSCs) and identified 2,589 up-regulated and 2,583 down-regulated mRNA transcripts. Pathway analysis on the up-regulated gene list untraveled enrichment in multiple signaling pathways including insulin receptor signaling, focal Adhesion, metapathway biotransformation, a number of metabolic pathways e.g. selenium metabolism, Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism, fatty acid, triacylglycerol, ketone body metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and catalytic cycle of mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMOs). On the other hand, pathway analysis on the down-regulated genes revealed significant enrichment in pathways related to cell cycle regulation. Based on these data, we assessed the effect of pharmacological inhibition of FAK signaling using PF-573228, PF-562271, and InsR/IGF-1R using NVP-AEW541 and GSK-1904529A on adipocyte differentiation. hMSCs exposed to FAK or IGF-1R/InsR inhibitors exhibited fewer adipocyte formation (27–58% inhibition, P<0005). Concordantly, the expression of adipocyte-specific genes AP2, AdipoQ, and CEBPα was significantly reduced. On the other hand, we did not detect significant effects on cell viability as a result of FAK or IGF-1R/InsR inhibition. Our data identified FAK and insulin signaling as important intracellular signaling pathways relevant to bone marrow adipogenesis.
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Pan GH, Chen Z, Xu L, Zhu JH, Xiang P, Ma JJ, Peng YW, Li GH, Chen XY, Fang JL, Guo YH, Zhang L, Liu LS. Low-dose tacrolimus combined with donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells after renal transplantation: a prospective, non-randomized study. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12089-101. [PMID: 26933811 PMCID: PMC4914271 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors, including tacrolimus, are largely responsible for advances in allotransplantation. However, the nephrotoxicity associated with these immunosuppressants impairs patients' long-term survival after renal allograft. Therefore, novel regimens that minimize or even eliminate calcineurin inhibitors could improve transplantation outcomes. In this pilot study, we investigated the use of low-dose tacrolimus in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are immunosuppressive and prolong allograft survival in experimental organ transplant models. Donor-derived, bone marrow MSCs combined with a sparing dose of tacrolimus (0.04-0.05 mg/kg/day) were administered to 16 de novo living-related kidney transplant recipients; 16 other patients received a standard dose of tacrolimus (0.07-0.08 mg/kg/day). The safety of MSC infusion, acute rejection, graft function, graft survival, and patient survival were evaluated over ≥24 months following kidney transplantation. All patients survived and had stable renal function at the 24 month follow-up. The combination of low-dose tacrolimus and MSCs was as effective as standard dose tacrolimus in maintaining graft survival at least 2 years after transplantation. In addition, both groups had similar urea, urine protein, urinary RBC, urinary WBC, 24-h urine protein, and creatinine clearance rates from 7 days to 24 months after transplantation. Furthermore, no differences in the proportion of lymphocytes, CD19, CD3, CD34, CD38, and natural killer cells were detected between the control and experimental groups. None of the MSC recipients experienced immediate or long-term toxicity from the treatment. This preliminary data suggests that the addition of MSCs permits the use of lower dosages of nephrotoxic calcineurin inhibitors following renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Pan
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xu
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhu
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ma
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wen Peng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hui Li
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Li Fang
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-He Guo
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Transplantation Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long-Shan Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Choe WK, Kang BT, Kim SO. Water-extracted plum ( Prunus salicina L. cv. Soldam) attenuates adipogenesis in murine 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1608-1615. [PMID: 29399132 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water-extracted plum (WEP) on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and inflammation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. WEP was assessed for basic analyses, including high-performance liquid chromatography, total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays] in vitro. Moreover, the cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated using Oil Red O staining, and the expression of genes and proteins associated with adipogenesis and lipolysis were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. In addition, sulforaphane using a positive control was performed simultaneously. The WEP significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes without cytotoxicity. WEP resulted in direct anti-obesity effects through the modulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine/enhancer binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. These regulations of molecular expressions were significantly activated via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Moreover, these results provide potential anti-adipogenic effects of WEP and may have potential as a natural agent for the prevention and improvement of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyung Choe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 740-704, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 740-704, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea
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Marcon BH, Holetz FB, Eastman G, Origa-Alves AC, Amorós MA, de Aguiar AM, Rebelatto CK, Brofman PRS, Sotelo-Silveira J, Dallagiovanna B. Downregulation of the protein synthesis machinery is a major regulatory event during early adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:191-201. [PMID: 29156375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Commitment of adult stem cells involves the activation of specific gene networks regulated from transcription to protein synthesis. Here, we used ribosome profiling to identify mRNAs regulated at the translational level, through both differential association to polysomes and modulation of their translational rates. We observed that translational regulation during the differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs, also known as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells), a subset of which are stem cells, to adipocytes was a major regulatory event. hASCs showed a significant reduction of whole protein synthesis after adipogenic induction and a downregulation of the expression and translational efficiency of ribosomal proteins. Additionally, focal adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins were downregulated at the translational level. This negative regulation of the essential biological functions of hASCs resulted in a reduction in cell size and the potential of hASCs to migrate. We analyzed whether the inactivation of key translation initiation factors was involved in this observed major repression of translation. We showed that there was an increase in the hypo phosphorylated forms of 4E-BP1, a negative regulator of translation, during early adipogenesis. Our results showed that extensive translational regulation occurred during the early stage of the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna H Marcon
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Fabíola B Holetz
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Eastman
- Department of Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Carolina Origa-Alves
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Mariana Andrea Amorós
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (IByME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alessandra Melo de Aguiar
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Carmen K Rebelatto
- Núcleo de Tecnologia Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Brofman
- Núcleo de Tecnologia Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Jose Sotelo-Silveira
- Department of Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil.
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Pleniceanu O, Shukrun R, Omer D, Vax E, Kanter I, Dziedzic K, Pode-Shakked N, Mark-Daniei M, Pri-Chen S, Gnatek Y, Alfandary H, Varda-Bloom N, Bar-Lev DD, Bollag N, Shtainfeld R, Armon L, Urbach A, Kalisky T, Nagler A, Harari-Steinberg O, Arbiser JL, Dekel B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is central to the initiation and propagation of human angiomyolipoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:508-530. [PMID: 28275008 PMCID: PMC5376758 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML), the most common benign renal tumor, can result in severe morbidity from hemorrhage and renal failure. While mTORC1 activation is involved in its growth, mTORC1 inhibitors fail to eradicate AML, highlighting the need for new therapies. Moreover, the identity of the AML cell of origin is obscure. AML research, however, is hampered by the lack of in vivo models. Here, we establish a human AML‐xenograft (Xn) model in mice, recapitulating AML at the histological and molecular levels. Microarray analysis demonstrated tumor growth in vivo to involve robust PPARG‐pathway activation. Similarly, immunostaining revealed strong PPARG expression in human AML specimens. Accordingly, we demonstrate that while PPARG agonism accelerates AML growth, PPARG antagonism is inhibitory, strongly suppressing AML proliferation and tumor‐initiating capacity, via a TGFB‐mediated inhibition of PDGFB and CTGF. Finally, we show striking similarity between AML cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antigen and gene expression and differentiation potential. Altogether, we establish the first in vivo human AML model, which provides evidence that AML may originate in a PPARG‐activated renal MSC lineage that is skewed toward adipocytes and smooth muscle and away from osteoblasts, and uncover PPARG as a regulator of AML growth, which could serve as an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Racheli Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Klaudyna Dziedzic
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mark-Daniei
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Alfandary
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nira Varda-Bloom
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Naomi Bollag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Shtainfeld
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
The ratio of free fatty acid (FFA) turnover decreases significantly with the expansion of white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue and dietary saturated fatty acid levels significantly correlate with an increase in fat cell size and number. Inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase leads to an accumulation of triglyceride, whereas inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase leads to the accumulation of diacylglycerol. The G0/G1 switch gene 2 increases lipid content in adipocytes and promotes adipocyte hypertrophy through the restriction of triglyceride turnover. Excess triacylglycerols (TAGs), sterols and sterol esters are surrounded by the phospholipid monolayer surface and form lipid droplets. Following the release of lipid droplets from endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic lipid droplets increase their volume either by local TAG synthesis or by homotypic fusion. The number and the size of lipid droplet distribution is correlated with obesity. Obesity-associated adipocyte death exhibits feature of necrosis-like programmed cell death. NOD-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation in hypertrophic adipocytes induces obese adipocyte death by pyroptosis. Actually adipocyte death may be a prerequisite for the transition from hypertrophic to hyperplastic obesity. Major transcriptional factors, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins beta and delta, play a central role in the subsequent induction of critical regulators, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, in the transcriptional control of adipogenesis in obesity.Collectively, in this chapter the concept of adipose tissue remodeling in response to adipocyte death or adipogenesis, and the complexity of lipid droplet interactions with the other cellular organelles are reviewed. Furthermore, in addition to lipid droplet growth, the functional link between the adipocyte-specific lipid droplet-associated protein and fatty acid turn-over is also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Wang J, Hu X, Ai W, Zhang F, Yang K, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Phytol increases adipocyte number and glucose tolerance through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mice fed high-fat and high-fructose diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:432-438. [PMID: 28571740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that adipose tissue hyperplasia (increased adipocyte number or adipogenesis) has beneficial effects on metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to determine whether phytol could modulate hyperplasia/adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis, and to explore the underlying mechanisms in mice fed high-fat and high fructose diet (HFFD). Our results demonstrated that phytol administration decreased body weight gain and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT) weight. However, phytol significantly increased the adipocyte number in iWAT, with the smaller average adipocyte diameter. Meanwhile, OGTT result showed that phytol improved glucose tolerance. In accord, phytol administration markedly increased expression of marker genes associated with adipogenesis (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and glucose uptake (AS160 and GLUT4) and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mice iWAT. In agreement with the in vivo findings, the in vitro results indicated that 100 μM phytol significantly enhanced 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and glucose uptake, and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, phytol-induced enhancement of 3T3-L1 adipognesis and glucose uptake, activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, elevation of marker genes involved in adipogensis and glucose uptake, as well as translocation of GLUT4 from cytoplasm to membrane were abolished by Wortmannin, a specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor. Taken together, phytol increased adipocyte number in iWAT and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed HFFD, which was coincident with the enhanced adipogenesis and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1, and was associated with activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These data suggested the application of phytol as a potential nutritional agent to combat obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wei Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Kelin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Trohatou O, Zagoura D, Orfanos NK, Pappa KI, Marinos E, Anagnou NP, Roubelakis MG. miR-26a Mediates Adipogenesis of Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells via PTEN, Cyclin E1, and CDK6. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:482-494. [PMID: 28068868 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical for the regulatory network of adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Fetal MSCs derived from amniotic fluid (AF-MSCs) represent a population of multipotent stem cells characterized by a wide range of differentiation properties that can be applied in cell-based therapies. In this study, miRNA microarray analysis was performed to assess miRNA expression in terminal differentiated AF-MSCs into adipocyte-like cells (AL cells). MiR-26a was identified in high expression levels in AL cells indicating a critical role in the process of adipogenesis. Overexpression of miR-26a in AF-MSCs led to significant induction of their adipogenic differentiation properties that were altered after miR-26a inhibition. We have demonstrated that miR-26a regulates adipogenesis through direct inhibition of PTEN, which in turn promotes activation of Akt pathway. Also, miR-26a modulates cell cycle during adipogenesis by interacting with Cyclin E1 and CDK6. These results point to the regulatory role of miR-26a and its target genes PTEN, Cyclin E1, and CDK6 in adipogenic differentiation of AF-MSCs, providing a basis for understanding the mechanisms of fat cell development and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Trohatou
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Zagoura
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos K Orfanos
- 2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi I Pappa
- 3 First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Marinos
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas P Anagnou
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Roubelakis
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
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41
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Xiang Q, Hong D, Liao Y, Cao Y, Liu M, Pang J, Zhou J, Wang G, Yang R, Wang M, Xiang AP. Overexpression of Gremlin1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Hindlimb Ischemia in Mice by Enhancing Cell Survival. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:996-1007. [PMID: 27579673 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dongxi Hong
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yan Liao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yong Cao
- Cardiovascular Center; Gaozhou People's Hospital; Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Muyun Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jun Pang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital; Guizhou China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical College, Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Renhao Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical College, Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Maosheng Wang
- Cardiovascular Center; Gaozhou People's Hospital; Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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42
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Song HI, Yoon MS. PLD1 regulates adipogenic differentiation through mTOR - IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine 636/639. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36968. [PMID: 27872488 PMCID: PMC5181839 DOI: 10.1038/srep36968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) plays a known role in several differentiation processes, but its role in adipogenic differentiation remains unknown. In the present study, we identified PLD1 as a negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation. We showed that PLD activity was downregulated by both 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and insulin upon induction of differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipogenic cells. In line with this observation, PLD activity decreased in both high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and ob/ob mice. We also found that differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was enhanced by the depletion of PLD1 levels or inhibition of PLD1 activity by VU0155069, a PLD1-specific inhibitor. Conversely, treatment with phosphatidic acid (PA), a PLD product, and overexpression of PLD1 both caused a decrease in adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, the elevated differentiation in PLD1-knockdown 3T3-L1 cells was reduced by either PA treatment or PLD1 expression, confirming negative roles of PLD1 and PA in adipogenic differentiation. Further investigation revealed that PA displaces DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) from mTORC1, which subsequently phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at serine 636/639 in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, our findings provide convincing evidence for a direct role of PLD1 in adipogenic differentiation by regulating IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine 636/639 through DEPTOR displacement and mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-In Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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43
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Brenner AK, Andersson Tvedt TH, Bruserud Ø. The Complexity of Targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signalling in Human Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Importance of Leukemic Cell Heterogeneity, Neighbouring Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunocompetent Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111512. [PMID: 27845732 PMCID: PMC6273124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of PI3K-Akt-mTOR is considered a possible strategy in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); the most important rationale being the proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects of direct PI3K/mTOR inhibition observed in experimental studies of human AML cells. However, AML is a heterogeneous disease and these effects caused by direct pathway inhibition in the leukemic cells are observed only for a subset of patients. Furthermore, the final effect of PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibition is modulated by indirect effects, i.e., treatment effects on AML-supporting non-leukemic bone marrow cells. In this article we focus on the effects of this treatment on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and monocytes/macrophages; both these cell types are parts of the haematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow. MSCs have unique membrane molecule and constitutive cytokine release profiles, and mediate their support through bidirectional crosstalk involving both cell-cell contact and the local cytokine network. It is not known how various forms of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting alter the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk. The effect on monocytes/macrophages is also difficult to predict and depends on the targeted molecule. Thus, further development of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting into a clinical strategy requires detailed molecular studies in well-characterized experimental models combined with careful clinical studies, to identify patient subsets that are likely to respond to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tor Henrik Andersson Tvedt
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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44
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Chang CW, Abhinav K, Di Cara F, Panagakou I, Vass S, Heck MMS. A role for the metalloprotease invadolysin in insulin signaling and adipogenesis. Biol Chem 2016; 398:373-393. [PMID: 27622830 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Invadolysin is a novel metalloprotease conserved amongst metazoans that is essential for life in Drosophila. We previously showed that invadolysin was essential for the cell cycle and cell migration, linking to metabolism through a role in lipid storage and interaction with mitochondrial proteins. In this study we demonstrate that invadolysin mutants exhibit increased autophagy and decreased glycogen storage - suggestive of a role for invadolysin in insulin signaling in Drosophila. Consistent with this, effectors of insulin signaling were decreased in invadolysin mutants. In addition, we discovered that invadolysin was deposited on newly synthesized lipid droplets in a PKC-dependent manner. We examined two in vitro models of adipogenesis for the expression and localization of invadolysin. The level of invadolysin increased during both murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS), adipogenesis. Invadolysin displayed a dynamic localization to lipid droplets over the course of adipogenesis, which may be due to the differential expression of distinct invadolysin variants. Pharmacological inhibition of adipogenesis abrogated the increase in invadolysin. In summary, our results on in vivo and in vitro systems highlight an important role for invadolysin in insulin signaling and adipogenesis.
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Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee HS, Ji ST, Jung SY, Kim JH, Bae SS, Kwon SM. Lnk is an important modulator of insulin-like growth factor-1/Akt/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma axis during adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 20:459-66. [PMID: 27610032 PMCID: PMC5014992 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.5.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling during development. However, limited information is available on the pivotal modulators of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Adaptor protein Lnk (Src homology 2B3 [SH2B3]), which belongs to a family of SH2-containing proteins, modulates the bioactivities of different stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated whether an interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Lnk regulated IGF-1-induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that wild-type MSCs showed greater adipogenic differentiation potential than Lnk–/– MSCs. An ex vivo adipogenic differentiation assay showed that Lnk–/– MSCs had decreased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with wild-type MSCs. Interestingly, we found that Lnk formed a complex with IGF-1R and that IGF-1 induced the dissociation of this complex. In addition, we observed that IGF-1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was triggered by the dissociation of the IGF-1R–Lnk complex. Expression levels of a pivotal transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and its adipogenic target genes (LPL and FABP4) significantly decreased in Lnk–/– MSCs. These results suggested that Lnk adaptor protein regulated the adipogenesis of MSCs through the IGF-1/Akt/PPAR-γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.; Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hyang Seon Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan Natinoal University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Liu Y, Kou X, Chen C, Yu W, Su Y, Kim Y, Shi S, Liu Y. Chronic High Dose Alcohol Induces Osteopenia via Activation of mTOR Signaling in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2157-68. [PMID: 27145264 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of excessive alcohol results in reduced bone mass, impaired bone structure, and increased risk of bone fracture. However, the mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced osteoporosis are not fully understood. Here, we show that high dose chronic alcohol consumption reduces osteogenic differentiation and enhances adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), leading to osteopenia in a mouse model. Mechanistically, impaired osteo/adipogenic lineage differentiation of BMMSCs is due to activation of a phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade, resulting in downregulation of runt-related transcription factor 2 and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma via activation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase. Blockage of the mTOR pathway by rapamycin treatment ameliorates alcohol-induced osteopenia by rescuing impaired osteo/adipogenic lineage differentiation of BMMSCs. In this study, we identify a previously unknown mechanism by which alcohol impairs BMMSC lineage differentiation and reveal a potential rapamycin-based drug therapy for alcohol-induced osteoporosis. Stem Cells 2016;34:2157-2168.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China.,Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chider Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingying Su
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Kim
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Huang C, Pang D, Luo Q, Chen X, Gao Q, Shi L, Liu W, Zou Y, Li L, Chen Z. Soy Isoflavones Regulate Lipid Metabolism through an AKT/mTORC1 Pathway in Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) Male Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:E586. [PMID: 27153053 PMCID: PMC6273643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic tendency of obesity and its strong association with serious co-morbidities have elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. Lipid homeostasis, closely involved in obesity, has been reported to be regulated by multiple pathways. mTORC1 is emerging as a critical regulator of lipid metabolism. Here, we describe that the consumption of soy isoflavones, with a structural similarity to that of estradiol, could mitigate obesity through an AKT/mTORC1 pathway. Fed with soy isoflavones, the diet-induced obesity (DIO) male rats exhibited decreased body weight, accompanied with suppressed lipogenesis and adipogenesis, as well as enhanced lipolysis and β‑oxidation. The phosphorylation of AKT and S6 were decreased after soy isoflavone treatment in vivo and in vitro, suggesting an inhibition effect of soy isoflavones on mTORC1 activity. Our study reveals a potential mechanism of soy isoflavones regulating lipid homeostasis, which will be important for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qi Gao
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Liangqin Shi
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Abstract
The synthesis of lipids in response to food intake represents a key advantage that allows organisms to survive when energy availability is limited. In mammals, circulating levels of insulin and nutrients, which fluctuate between fasting and feeding, dictate whether lipids are synthesized or catabolized by tissues. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that is activated by anabolic signals, plays fundamental roles in regulating lipid biosynthesis and metabolism in response to nutrition. The mTOR kinase nucleates two large protein complexes named mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Following their activation, these complexes facilitate the accumulation of triglycerides by promoting adipogenesis and lipogenesis and by shutting down catabolic processes such as lipolysis and β-oxidation. Here, we review and discuss the roles of mTOR complexes in various aspects of lipid metabolism in mammals. We also use this opportunity to discuss the implication of these relations to the maintenance of systemic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1V 4G5;
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Winnay JN, Solheim MH, Dirice E, Sakaguchi M, Noh HL, Kang HJ, Takahashi H, Chudasama KK, Kim JK, Molven A, Kahn CR, Njølstad PR. PI3-kinase mutation linked to insulin and growth factor resistance in vivo. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1401-12. [PMID: 26974159 DOI: 10.1172/jci84005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is central to the action of insulin and many growth factors. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K (PIK3R1) have been identified in patients with SHORT syndrome - a disorder characterized by short stature, partial lipodystrophy, and insulin resistance. Here, we evaluated whether SHORT syndrome-associated PIK3R1 mutations account for the pathophysiology that underlies the abnormalities by generating knockin mice that are heterozygous for the Pik3r1Arg649Trp mutation, which is homologous to the mutation found in the majority of affected individuals. Similar to the patients, mutant mice exhibited a reduction in body weight and length, partial lipodystrophy, and systemic insulin resistance. These derangements were associated with a reduced capacity of insulin and other growth factors to activate PI3K in liver, muscle, and fat; marked insulin resistance in liver and fat of mutation-harboring animals; and insulin resistance in vitro in cells derived from these mice. In addition, mutant mice displayed defective insulin secretion and GLP-1 action on islets in vivo and in vitro. These data demonstrate the ability of this heterozygous mutation to alter PI3K activity in vivo and the central role of PI3K in insulin/growth factor action, adipocyte function, and glucose metabolism.
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Di Franco A, Guasti D, Squecco R, Mazzanti B, Rossi F, Idrizaj E, Gallego-Escuredo JM, Villarroya F, Bani D, Forti G, Vannelli GB, Luconi M. Searching for Classical Brown Fat in Humans: Development of a Novel Human Fetal Brown Stem Cell Model. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1679-91. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Franco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences; Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence; Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Florence; Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence; Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Haematology Unit, University of Florence; Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Applied Physics; Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence; Italy
| | - José M. Gallego-Escuredo
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Florence; Italy
| | - Gianni Forti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences; Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence; Italy
| | - Gabriella Barbara Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Michaela Luconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences; Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence; Italy
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