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Wang L, Wang Z, Ni Y, Wang X, Zhang T, Hu M, Lian C, Wang X, Zhang J. Elucidating the mechanism of action of Isobavachalcone induced autophagy and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer by network pharmacology and experimental validation methods. Gene 2024; 918:148474. [PMID: 38670393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of lung cancer-related mortality. In recent years, there have been numerous treatments for non-small cell lung cancer, but the cure and survival rates are still extremely low. Isobavachalcone (IBC) belongs to the chalcone component of the traditional Chinese medicine Psoralea corylifolia L., and is a unique Protein kinase B (AKT) pathway inhibitor with significant anticancer effects. Previous studies have shown that IBC possess a variety of biological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study focused on the use of network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking technology and experimental validation to elucidate the potential mechanisms of IBC for the treatment of NSCLC. METHODS Screening key genes and pathways of IBC action in NSCLC using network pharmacology. The IBC target genes were from The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM) and BATMAN-TCM databases, the NSCLC target genes were from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and The Therapeutic Target database (TTD) databases, both of which were taken as intersecting genes for protein-protein interaction network analysis and enrichment analysis, and the binding energies of the compounds to the core targets were further verified by molecular docking. Cell lines in vitro experiments were then performed to further unravel the mechanism of IBC for NSCLC. RESULTS A total of 279 potential targets were retrieved by searching the intersection of IBC and NSCLC targets. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated that 6 targets, including AKT1, RXRA, NCOA1, RXRB, RARA, PPARG were hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that IBC treatment of NSCLC mainly involves steroid binding, transcription factor activity, Pathways in cancer, cAMP signaling pathway, Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Among them, the AMPK signaling pathway, which contained the largest number of enriched genes, may play a greater role in the treatment of NSCLC. Then, the results of in vitro experiment indicated that IBC could inhibit proliferation of NSCLC cells and induce cell autophagy and apoptosis. The results also showed that IBC could increase the protein expression of AMPK and decrease the protein expression of AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), suggesting that IBC can treat NSCLC by inducing cellular autophagy and apoptosis as well as modulating AMPK and AKT signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study provided a new insight into the protective mechanism of IBC against NSCLC through network pharmacology and experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China; Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yuhan Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Digestive Department, Xi'an Fifth Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mengling Hu
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Chaoqun Lian
- Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China; Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
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He Q, Li C, Ou Y, Pan Y, Yang X, Wang J, Liao H, Xiong X, Liu L, Sun C. A novel NIR fluorescent probe inhibits melanoma progression through apoptosis and ERK/DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107218. [PMID: 38377820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, a highly metastatic malignant tumour, necessitated early detection and intervention. This study focuses on a hemicyanine fluorescent probe activated by near-infrared (NIR) light for bioimaging and targeted mitochondrial action in melanoma cells. IR-418, our newly designed hemicyanine-based NIR fluorescent probe, demonstrated effective targeting of melanoma cell mitochondria for NIR imaging. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed IR-418's inhibition of melanoma growth through the promotion of mitochondrial apoptosis (Bax/Bcl-2/Cleaved Caspase pathway). Moreover, IR-418 inhibited melanoma metastasis by inhibiting mitochondrial fission through the ERK/DRP1 pathway. Notably, IR-418 mitigated abnormal ATL and ASL elevations caused by tumours without inflicting significant organ damage, indicating its high biocompatibility. In conclusion, IR-418, a novel hemicyanine-based NIR fluorescent probe targeting the mitochondria, exhibits significant fluorescence imaging capability, anti-melanoma proliferation, anti-melanoma lung metastasis activities and high biosafety. Therefore, it has significant potential in the early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing He
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Changqiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yangrulan Ou
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hongye Liao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Chen X, Gao M, Xia Y, Wang X, Qin J, He H, Liu W, Zhang X, Peng S, Zeng Z, Su Y, Zhang X. Phase separation of Nur77 mediates XS561-induced apoptosis by promoting the formation of Nur77/Bcl-2 condensates. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1204-1221. [PMID: 38486987 PMCID: PMC10935061 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a critical regulator of the survival and death of tumor cells. The pro-death effect of Nur77 can be regulated by its interaction with Bcl-2, resulting in conversion of Bcl-2 from a survival to killer. As Bcl-2 is overexpressed in various cancers preventing them from apoptosis and promoting their resistance to chemotherapy, targeting the apoptotic pathway of Nur77/Bcl-2 may lead to new cancer therapeutics. Here, we report our identification of XS561 as a novel Nur77 ligand that induces apoptosis of tumor cells by activating the Nur77/Bcl-2 pathway. In vitro and animal studies revealed an apoptotic effect of XS561 in a range of tumor cell lines including MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and MCF-7/LCC2 tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (TAMR) in a Nur77-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies showed XS561 potently induced the translocation of Nur77 from the nucleus to mitochondria, resulting in mitochondria-related apoptosis. Interestingly, XS561-induced accumulation of Nur77 at mitochondria was associated with XS561 induction of Nur77 phase separation and the formation of Nur77/Bcl-2 condensates. Together, our studies identify XS561 as a new activator of the Nur77/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway and reveal a role of phase separation in mediating the apoptotic effect of Nur77 at mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Meichun Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Jingbo Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Hongying He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Weirong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Shuangzhou Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
- NucMito Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
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Le ML, Yang YY, Jiang MY, Han C, Guo ZR, Liu RD, Zhao ZJ, Zhou Q, Wen S, Wu Y. Discovery of novel selective phosphodiesterase‑1 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107114. [PMID: 38224637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults. PDE1 (Phosphodiesterase 1) is a subfamily of the PDE super-enzyme families that can hydrolyze the second messengers cAMP and cGMP simultaneously. Previous research has shown that suppressing the gene expression of PDE1 can trigger apoptosis of human leukemia cells. However, no selective PDE1 inhibitors have been used to explore whether PDE1 is a potential target for treating AML. Based on our previously reported PDE9/PDE1 dual inhibitor 11a, a series of novel pyrazolopyrimidinone derivatives were designed in this study. The lead compound 6c showed an IC50 of 7.5 nM against PDE1, excellent selectivity over other PDEs and good metabolic stability. In AML cells, compound 6c significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis. Further experiments indicated that the apoptosis induced by 6c was through a mitochondria-dependent pathway by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and increasing the cleavage of caspase-3, 7, 9, and PARP. All these results suggested that PDE1 might be a novel target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yi-Yi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei-Yan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Run-Duo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheng-Jiong Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ren Y, Liang H, Huang Y, Miao Y, Li R, Qiang J, Wu L, Qi J, Li Y, Xia Y, Huang L, Wang S, Kong X, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Zhu G. Key candidate genes and pathways in T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma identified by bioinformatics and serological analyses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341255. [PMID: 38464517 PMCID: PMC10920334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)/T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is an uncommon but highly aggressive hematological malignancy. It has high recurrence and mortality rates and is challenging to treat. This study conducted bioinformatics analyses, compared genetic expression profiles of healthy controls with patients having T-ALL/T-LBL, and verified the results through serological indicators. Data were acquired from the GSE48558 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). T-ALL patients and normal T cells-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated using the online analysis tool GEO2R in GEO, identifying 78 upregulated and 130 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of the top 10 DEGs showed enrichment in pathways linked to abnormal mitotic cell cycles, chromosomal instability, dysfunction of inflammatory mediators, and functional defects in T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and immune checkpoints. The DEGs were then validated by examining blood indices in samples obtained from patients, comparing the T-ALL/T-LBL group with the control group. Significant differences were observed in the levels of various blood components between T-ALL and T-LBL patients. These components include neutrophils, lymphocyte percentage, hemoglobin (HGB), total protein, globulin, erythropoietin (EPO) levels, thrombin time (TT), D-dimer (DD), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Additionally, there were significant differences in peripheral blood leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, creatinine, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, folate, and thrombin times. The genes and pathways associated with T-LBL/T-ALL were identified, and peripheral blood HGB, EPO, TT, DD, and CRP were key molecular markers. This will assist the diagnosis of T-ALL/T-LBL, with applications for differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yali Huang
- Clinical Laboratory of Zhengning County People's Hospital, Qingyang, Gansu, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Junlian Qiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Lunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Shoulei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
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Abd El-Hameed RH, Mohamed MS, Awad SM, Hassan BB, Khodair MAEF, Mansour YE. Novel benzo chromene derivatives: design, synthesis, molecular docking, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:405-422. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2151592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania H. Abd El-Hameed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad S. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir M. Awad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bardes B. Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Yara E. Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang D, Zhang J, Dai H, Tong K, Chen M, Peng J, Huang W. Probable targets and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38038388 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2289045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), a key bioactive component of medicinal herbs, has shown beneficial effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and numerous other conditions. Nevertheless, the specific targets that are actively involved and the potential mechanisms underlying NAFLD treatment remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of GRg1 in alleviating NAFLD using a combined approach of network pharmacology and molecular biology validation. The analysis yielded 294 targets for GRg1 and 1293 associated with NAFLD, resulting in 89 overlapping targets. Through protein-protein interactions (PPI) network topology analysis, 10 key targets were identified. Upon evaluating the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, GRg1 may exert therapeutic effects on NAFLD by negatively regulating the apoptotic process, insulin and endocrine resistance, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and the Estrogen, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways. The three differential gene targets for Akt1, EGFR, and IGF1 were identified through the compound-target network in conjunction with the aforementioned methods. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that AKT1 and EGFR had a strong binding affinity with GRg1. Overall, our findings point to a novel therapeutic strategy involving NAFLD, with further in vivo and in vitro studies promising to deepen our comprehension and validate its potential advantages.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haifeng Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexin Tong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Li J, Wang Q, Xia G, Adilijiang N, Li Y, Hou Z, Fan Z, Li J. Recent Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery Strategy for Enhancing Oncotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2233. [PMID: 37765202 PMCID: PMC10534854 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is a precise and effective strategy in oncotherapy that can accurately deliver drugs to tumor cells or tissues to enhance their therapeutic effect and, meanwhile, weaken their undesirable side effects on normal cells or tissues. In this research field, a large number of researchers have achieved significant breakthroughs and advances in oncotherapy. Typically, nanocarriers as a promising drug delivery strategy can effectively deliver drugs to the tumor site through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-mediated passive targeting and various types of receptor-mediated active targeting, respectively. Herein, we review recent targeted drug delivery strategies and technologies for enhancing oncotherapy. In addition, we also review two mainstream drug delivery strategies, passive and active targeting, based on various nanocarriers for enhancing tumor therapy. Meanwhile, a comparison and combination of passive and active targeting are also carried out. Furthermore, we discuss the associated challenges of passive and active targeted drug delivery strategies and the prospects for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology & Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.L.); (Q.W.); (G.X.); (N.A.)
| | - Qingluo Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology & Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.L.); (Q.W.); (G.X.); (N.A.)
| | - Guoyu Xia
- College of Life Science and Technology & Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.L.); (Q.W.); (G.X.); (N.A.)
| | - Nigela Adilijiang
- College of Life Science and Technology & Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.L.); (Q.W.); (G.X.); (N.A.)
| | - Ying Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Bio-Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China;
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology & Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.L.); (Q.W.); (G.X.); (N.A.)
| | - Jinyao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology & Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.L.); (Q.W.); (G.X.); (N.A.)
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Sun C, Wang J, Xia T, Sun Q, He Y, Wang H, He Q, Liu L. Mitochondrion-Targeted NIR Therapeutic Agent Suppresses Melanoma by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via E2F/Cyclin/CDK Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121589. [PMID: 36559040 PMCID: PMC9786161 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer worldwide, and earlier diagnosis and more effective therapies are required to improve prognosis. As a possible solution, near-infrared fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dyes have been shown to be useful for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Here, we synthesized a novel theranostic agent, IR-817, a multifunctional bioactive small-molecule that has near-infrared emission, targets mitochondria in cancer cells, and has selective anti-cancer effects. In in vitro experiments, IR-817 preferentially accumulated in melanoma cells through organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters but also selectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells by inducing mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptosis. Mechanistically, IR-817 caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by targeting the E2F/Cyclin/CDK pathway. Finally, IR-817 significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors in zebrafish and mice. Immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that IR-817 induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation without notable side effects. Therefore, mitochondrial-targeting theranostic agent IR-817 may be promising for accurate tumor diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and safe anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
| | - Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
| | - Yijing He
- Department of Science and Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
| | - Qizhou He
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-159-0836-2735 (Q.H.); +86-193-3860-9127 (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-159-0836-2735 (Q.H.); +86-193-3860-9127 (L.L.)
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10
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Sun X, Zhou L, Wang X, Li Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhong Z, Chen J. FYCO1 regulates migration, invasion, and invadopodia formation in HeLa cells through CDC42/N-WASP/Arp2/3 signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:458-472. [PMID: 36342046 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
FYCO1, an autophagy adaptor, plays an essential role in the trafficking toward the plus-end of microtubules and the fusion of autophagosomes. Autophagic dysfunction is involved in numerous disease states, including cancers. Previous studies have implicated FYCO1 as one of the critical genes involved in the adenoma to carcinoma transition, but the biological function and mechanism of FYCO1 in carcinogenesis remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanism of up- and downregulation of FYCO1 in mediating tumor effects in HeLa cells. Functionally, FYCO1 promotes cellular migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invadopodia formation, and matrix degradation, which are detected through wound healing, transwell, immunofluorescence, and Western blot approaches. Interestingly, the data show that although FYCO1 does not affect HeLa cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, nor vessels' formation, FYCO1 can block the apoptotic function. FYCO1 inhibits cleavage of PARP, caspase3, and caspase9 and increases Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Then, we used CK666, an Arp2/3 specific inhibitor, to confirm that FYCO1 may promote the migration and invasion of HeLa cells through the CDC42/N-WASP/Arp2/3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results provide a new insight that FYCO1, an autophagy adaptor, may also be a new regulator of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Sun
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Xiangyuan Liu
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
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11
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Wang Q, Chen C, Xu X, Shu C, Cao C, Wang Z, Fu Y, Xu L, Xu K, Xu J, Xia A, Wang B, Xu G, Zou X, Su R, Kang W, Xue Y, Mo R, Sun B, Wang S. APAF1-Binding Long Noncoding RNA Promotes Tumor Growth and Multidrug Resistance in Gastric Cancer by Blocking Apoptosome Assembly. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201889. [PMID: 35975461 PMCID: PMC9534967 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics remain the first choice for advanced gastric cancers (GCs). However, drug resistance and unavoidable severe toxicity lead to chemotherapy failure and poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor progression in many cancers, including GC. Here, through RNA screening, an apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1)-binding lncRNA (ABL) that is significantly elevated in cancerous GC tissues and an independent prognostic factor for GC patients is identified. Moreover, ABL overexpression inhibits GC cell apoptosis and promotes GC cell survival and multidrug resistance in GC xenograft and organoid models. Mechanistically, ABL directly binds to the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 via its KH1/2 domain, and then IGF2BP1 further recognizes the METTL3-mediated m6A modification on ABL, which maintains ABL stability. In addition, ABL can bind to the WD1/WD2 domain of APAF1, which competitively prevent cytochrome c from interacting with APAF1, blocking apoptosome assembly and caspase-9/3 activation; these events lead to resistance to cell death in GC cells. Intriguingly, targeting ABL using encapsulated liposomal siRNA can significantly enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to chemotherapy. Collectively, the results suggest that ABL can be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Chuanjun Shu
- Department of BioinformaticsSchool of Biomedical Engineering and InformaticsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Changchang Cao
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhangding Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of PathologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Kaiyue Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Anliang Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Ruibao Su
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyInstitute of Digestive DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSAR999077China
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Ran Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
- Center for Public Health ResearchMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
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12
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Irazoqui AP, Gonzalez A, Buitrago C. Effects of calcitriol on the cell cycle of rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 222:106146. [PMID: 35710090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a type of cancer of skeletal muscle. Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D3, also recognised as a steroid hormone called 1α, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25D). We previously reported that 1,25D promoted cell proliferation and differentiation in non-cancerous skeletal muscle cells C2C12. The aim of this work is to evaluate some of the events triggered by 1,25D in RD cells, a human RMS cell line. In this work we reported that RD cells expressed vitamin D receptor (VDR) and treatment with 1,25D reduced VDR expression at 72 h. At the same time an acute decrease in viable cells as well as in cells in S-phase of cell cycle was also observed. Furthermore, up-regulation of p15INK4b was accompanied in a timely manner by down-regulation of cyclin D3, p21Waf1/Cip1 and myogenin protein levels. Simultaneously, 1,25D induced early apoptosis markers such as cyclin D1 and CDK4, and the disruption of the mitochondrial network together with a redistribution of mitochondria around the nucleus. Finally, 1,25D induced changes in the plasma membrane of RD cells associated with early and late apoptosis at 72 h, as determined by flow cytometry. Taken together, these results determine that treatment with 1,25D for 72 h triggers apoptosis in RD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Irazoqui
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC PBA); Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNS, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Agustina Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNS, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia Buitrago
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNS, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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13
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Le J, Ji H, Pi P, Chen K, Gu X, Ma Y, Fu Y, Sun Y, Zhou X, Wu H. The Effects and Mechanisms of Sennoside A on Inducing Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Inhibiting Metastasis in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36091590 PMCID: PMC9451980 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8063497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Currently, developing therapeutic strategies for chondrosarcoma (CS) remains important. Sennoside A (SA), a dianthrone glycoside from Senna and Rhubarb, is widely used as an irritant laxative, weight-loss agent, or dietary supplement, which possesses various bioactive properties such as laxative, antiobesity, and hypoglycemic activities. For the first time, our results suggested that cell proliferation and metastasis were inhibited by SA in CS SW1353 cells. SA induced cell growth arrest by inhibiting cell proliferation. The changes of N-cadherin and E-cadherin levels, the markers associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggested the EMT-related mechanism of SA in inhibiting cell metastasis. Besides, SA significantly stimulated apoptosis in CS SW1353 cells, leading to cell death. The increase of Bax/Bcl2 ratio confirmed that the internal mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was regulated by SA. In addition, the prediction of network pharmacology analysis suggested that the possible pathways of SA treatment for CS included the Wnt signaling pathway. Notably, the protein levels of the components in the Wnt pathway, such as Wnt3a, β-catenin, and c-Myc, were downregulated by SA in CS SW1353 cells. To sum up, these results demonstrated that the suppression of the growth, metastasis and the stimulation of cytotoxicity, and apoptosis mediated by SA in CS SW1353 cells were possibly caused by the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, indicating an underlying therapeutic prospect of SA for chondrosarcoma.
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14
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Zhang Y, Gao M, Zhu M, Li H, Ma T, Wu C. [Isobavachalcone induces cell death through multiple pathways in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:878-885. [PMID: 35790438 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of isobavachalcone (IBC) on cell death of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of IBC, and the changes in cell proliferation were assessed using MTT assay. Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells following treatment with 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L IBC was analyzed using flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and fluorescence microscopy, and the expressions of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Akt, p-Akt, p62, and LC3) were detected with Western blotting. Electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in submicrostructure of the cells following treatment with 40 μmol/L IBC. JC-1 assay kit, ATP assay kit, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit were used to determine the effect of IBC on mitochondrial function of the cells. RESULTS MTT assay showed that IBC significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 38.46, 31.31, and 28.26 μmol/L at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. IBC also concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. IBC-induced cell death was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk, a caspase inhibitor (P < 0.05), but not by the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). Western blotting showed that IBC-induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis by increasing Bax expression and down-regulating the expressions of Bcl-2, Akt and p-Akt-473 (all P < 0.05). With the increase of IBC concentration, the expression of autophagy-related protein p62 and the LC3-II/I ratio increased progressively. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagic bodies in IBC-treated MCF-7 cells. IBC treatment also resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP level and increased ROS accumulation in MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION IBC is capable of inducing both apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 cells, suggesting the potential value of IBC as a lead compound in the development of anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - M Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - M Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - H Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - T Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - C Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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15
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Gao Q, Li F, Yuan Y, Dai Y, Cheng T, Cao H, Yan DM, Li Y, Sun Q, Huang XY. M11: A Tropism-modified Oncolytic Adenovirus Arming with Tumor-homing Peptide for Advanced Ovarian Cancer Therapies. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:262-274. [PMID: 35018835 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) have shown great promise in cancer therapy, but their efficacy has been greatly limited by poor tumor selectivity and highly off-target liver sequestration. Herein, we generate a novel "stealth' and tumor-targeting oncolytic adenovirus vector M0-TMTP1 through inserting TMTP1 (NVVRQ), a tumor homing peptide specifically targeting metastasis, into the hypervariable region 5 (HVR5) of hexon. M0-TMTP1 exhibits increased transduction of tumor cells in vitro. In vivo biodistribution of M0-TMTP1 in an intraperitoneal disseminated ovarian cancer model showed significantly reduced virus load in major organs but apparent aggregation in tumors. The tumor-to-liver ratio of M0-TMTP1 was nearly 5000-fold higher than control adenovirus M0. Further, we armed M0-TMTP1 with trunked BID (tBID), a mitochondrial apoptosis protein, to obtain M11. Combining M11 with cisplatin (DDP) could induce an intensive antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this combination therapy showed higher biosafety. Taken together, our results suggest that M11 represents a tumor-targeting, efficacious, and relatively nontoxic viro-therapeutic agent, and these findings might offer renewed hope for tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Gao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, 12403, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan, China;
| | - Fei Li
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Yun Dai
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan, Hubei , China.,Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, 117912, Reproductive center, Guilin, Guizhou, China;
| | - Teng Cheng
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Heng Cao
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Dan-Mei Yan
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Ying Li
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Qian Sun
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Xiao-Yuan Huang
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 66375, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
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16
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Abstract
Progressive loss of physiological integrity and accumulation of degenerative changes leading to functional impairment and increased susceptibility to diseases are the main features of aging. The ovary, the key organ that maintains female reproductive and endocrine function, enters aging earlier and faster than other organs and has attracted extensive attention from society. Ovarian aging is mainly characterized by the progressive decline in the number and quality of oocytes, the regulatory mechanisms of which have yet to be systematically elucidated. This review discusses the hallmarks of aging to further highlight the main characteristics of ovarian aging and attempt to explore its clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms. Finally, the intervention strategies related to aging are elaborated, especially the potential role of stem cells and cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes, or ovarian tissue in the delay of ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lingjuan Wang
- *Correspondence: Kezhen Li, ; Jihui Ai, ; Lingjuan Wang,
| | - Jihui Ai
- *Correspondence: Kezhen Li, ; Jihui Ai, ; Lingjuan Wang,
| | - Kezhen Li
- *Correspondence: Kezhen Li, ; Jihui Ai, ; Lingjuan Wang,
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17
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Józefiak A, Larska M, Pomorska-Mól M, Ruszkowski JJ. The IGF-1 Signaling Pathway in Viral Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:1488. [PMID: 34452353 DOI: 10.3390/v13081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) belong to the insulin-like growth factor family, and IGF-1 activates intracellular signaling pathways by binding specifically to IGF-1R. The interaction between IGF-1 and IGF-1R transmits a signal through a number of intracellular substrates, including the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and the Src homology collagen (Shc) proteins, which activate two major intracellular signaling pathways: the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, specifically the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. The PI3K/AKT kinase pathway regulates a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. IGF1/IGF-1R signaling also promotes cell differentiation and proliferation via the Ras/MAPK pathway. Moreover, upon IGF-1R activation of the IRS and Shc adaptor proteins, Shc stimulates Raf through the GTPase Ras to activate the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, phosphorylate and several other proteins, and to stimulate cell proliferation. The IGF-1 signaling pathway is required for certain viral effects in oncogenic progression and may be induced as an effect of viral infection. The mechanisms of IGF signaling in animal viral infections need to be clarified, mainly because they are involved in multifactorial signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data obtained from virological studies and to increase our understanding of the complex role of the IGF-1 signaling axis in animal virus infections.
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18
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Liu F, Pan R, Ding H, Gu L, Yang Y, Li C, Xu Y, Hu R, Chen H, Zhang X, Nie Y. UBQLN4 is an ATM substrate that stabilizes the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2A1 and BCL2L10 in mesothelioma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3738-3752. [PMID: 34245648 PMCID: PMC8637560 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM; previously known as ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated) plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and regulates multiple downstream pathways, such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. As a serine/threonine kinase, ATM has an array of downstream phosphorylation substrates, including checkpoint effector checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2). ATM inhibits cell cycle progression by phosphorylating and activating CHK2, which plays an important role in the formation and development of tumors and participates in DNA repair responses after double‐stranded DNA breaks. In this study, we used a recently developed mammalian functional genetic screening system to explore a series of ATM substrates and their role in DNA damage to enhance our understanding of the DNA damage response. Ubiquilin 4 (UBQLN4), which belongs to the ubiquilin family characterized by its ubiquitin‐like (UBL) and ubiquitin‐associated (UBA) domains, was identified as a new substrate for ATM. UBQLN4 is involved in various intracellular processes, such as autophagosome maturation, p21 regulation, and motor axon morphogenesis. However, the biological function of UBQLN4 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we not only identified UBQLN4 as a substrate for ATM, but also found that UBQLN4 interacts with and stabilizes the anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐2‐related protein A1 (BCL2A1) and Bcl‐2‐like protein 10 (BCL2L10) and prevents mesothelioma cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage. These findings expand our understanding of the role of UBQLN4 in mesothelioma and provide new insights into potential mesothelioma treatments targeting substrates for ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - RunSang Pan
- GuiYang Maternal and Child Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - HongYu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - LiLing Gu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - ChuanYin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - YongJie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - XiangYan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - YingJie Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Chen X, Song J, Yuan D, Rao Q, Jiang K, Feng S, Zhu G, Yan C, Li Y, Zhu J. Incaspitolide A extracted from Carpesium cernuum induces apoptosis in vitro via the PI3K/AKT pathway in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210477. [PMID: 34100062 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20210477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease that occurs mainly in older men. The pathogenesis of BPH is complex and patients face a prolonged treatment course, and novel drugs with better selectivity and lower toxicity are required. Incaspitolide A (compound TMJ-12) is a germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid compound extracted from the plant Carpesium carnuum. Extracts of C. carnuum are known to exert suppressive effects on BPH-1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect of TMJ-12 specifically on BPH-1 cells. A cytotoxicity assay indicated that TMJ-12 inhibited BPH-1 cell proliferation, while flow cytometry assays showed that TMJ-12 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and the apoptosis of BPH-1 cells. TMJ-12 was also shown to regulate the expression of several apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins, namely Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), Cyclin B1, CDC25C, and c-Myc, among others. Collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) following exposure to TMJ-12 was detected with the JC-1 staining assay. Further investigation revealed that treatment with TMJ-12 inhibited the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway by increasing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Taken together, the results suggest that TMJ-12 prevents BPH-1 cell proliferation via the PI3K/AKT pathway by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Abstract
The term "undruggable" is used to describe a protein that is not pharmacologically capable of being targeted; recently, however, substantial efforts have been made to turn these proteins into "druggable" targets. Thus, "difficult to drug" or "yet to be drugged" are perhaps more appropriate terms. In cancer, a number of elusive targets fall into this category, including transcription factors such as STAT3, TP53, and MYC. Pharmacologically targeting these intractable proteins is now a key challenge of modern drug development, requiring innovation and the development of new technologies. In this article, we discuss some of the recent technologic and pharmacologic advances that have underpinned the erosion of the concept of undruggability. We describe recent successes in drugging the undruggable RAS (KRAS G12C and HRAS), and discuss the advances that have led to the validation of further targets previously believed to be undruggable, such as HIF-2α, BCL-2, MDM2, and MLL. Finally, we look to the future and describe important advances that are likely to have a major impact on targeting undruggable targets, such as the advent of proteolysis-targeting chimeras and protein-protein modulators, which are leading to considerable excitement surrounding the development of cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Coleman
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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21
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Yuan C, Wang MH, Wang F, Chen PY, Ke XG, Yu B, Yang YF, You PT, Wu HZ. Network pharmacology and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of Scopoletin against non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2021; 270:119105. [PMID: 33497736 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Scopoletin is a natural anticarcinogenic and antiviral coumarin component. Many studies have proved its anti-cancer effect, and after the preliminary screening of this study, Scopoletin had the best inhibitory effect on Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But its mechanism for treating NSCLC is still unclear. Therefore, network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to explore the potential anti-NSCLC targets and pathways of Scopoletin. The results were verified in vitro. MAIN METHODS First, Scopoletin was isolated from Fennel and screened to conduct cell proliferation assay on Human lung cancer cell line A549, Human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 and Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 respectively, through the MTT test. Then, the key targets and related pathways were screened through Protein-protein Interaction (PPI) network and "component-target-pathway" (C-TP) network constructed by network pharmacology. And the key targets were selected to dock with Scopoletin via molecular docking. A549 and Human normal lung epithelial cell BEAS-2B were used to verify the results, finally. KEY FINDINGS Through MTT, A549 was chosen as the test cancer cell. From network pharmacology, 16 targets, 27 signaling pathways and 16 GO items were obtained (P < 0.05). The results of PPI network and molecular docking showed that EGFR, BRAF and AKT1 were the key targets of Scopoletin against NSCLC, which were consistent with the western-blot results. SIGNIFICANCE Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and experiments in vitro, Scopoletin was verified to against NSCLC through RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway and PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Hazafa A, Batool A, Ahmad S, Amjad M, Chaudhry SN, Asad J, Ghuman HF, Khan HM, Naeem M, Ghani U. Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases. Life Sci 2021; 264:118679. [PMID: 33130077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective polypeptide encoded by mtDNA. HN exhibits protective effects in several cell types, including leukocytes, germ cells, neurons, tissues against cellular stress conditions and apoptosis through regulating various signaling mechanisms, such as JAK/STAT pathway and interaction of BCL-2 family of protein. HN is an essential cytoprotective peptide in the human body that regulates mitochondrial functions under stress conditions. The present review aims to evaluate HN peptide's antiapoptotic activities as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer, diabetes mellitus, male infertility, bone-related diseases, cardiac diseases, and brain diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, HN significantly suppressed the apoptosis during the treatment of bone osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases. According to accumulated data, it is concluded that HN exerts the proapoptotic activity of TNF-α in cancer, which makes HN as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer and suggested that along with HN, the development of another mitochondrial-derived peptide could be a viable therapeutic option against different oxidative stress and apoptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ammara Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Nasir Chaudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Asad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hasham Feroz Ghuman
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Usman Ghani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Fan Y, Hou X, Fang H. Recent Advances in the Development of Selective Mcl-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer (2017-Present). Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 15:306-320. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200916124641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, as a critical pro-survival member
of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family, plays an important role in apoptosis, carcinogenesis
and resistance to chemotherapies. Hence, potently and selectively inhibiting Mcl-1 to induce
apoptosis has become a widely accepted anticancer strategy.
Objective:
This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of patents and primary literature,
published from 2017 to present, on small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors with various scaffolds.
By analyzing the modes of compound-protein interactions, the similarities and differences of those
structures are discussed, which could provide guidance for future drug design.
Methods:
The primary accesses for patent searching are SciFinder and Espacenet®. Besides the data
disclosed in patents, some results published in the follow-up research papers will be included in
this review.
Results:
The review covers dozens of patents on Mcl-1 inhibitors in the past three years, and the
scaffolds of compounds are mainly divided into indole scaffolds and non-indole scaffolds. The
compounds described here are compared with the relevant inhibitors disclosed in previous patents,
and representative compounds, especially those launched in clinical trials, are emphasized in this review.
Conclusion:
For most of the compounds in these patents, analyses of the binding affinity to Mcl-1
and studies in multiple cell lines were conducted, wherein some compounds were tested in preclinical
cancer models or were included in other biological studies. Some compounds showed promising
results and potential for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Yu Z, Du J, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhao K, Lu N. A novel kinase inhibitor, LZT-106, downregulates Mcl-1 and sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to BH3 mimetic ABT-199 by targeting CDK9 and GSK-3β signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:31-41. [PMID: 33129955 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Despite advances in treatment with chemotherapy, CRC remains a major cause of drug resistance-related cancer deaths. One of the main reasons for such resistance is dysregulation of Mcl-1 expression. In this study, we identified LZT-106 as a novel kinase inhibitor that was able to bind to CDK9 with potent inhibitory ability, and indirectly regulate the expression of Mcl-1. However, different regulatory profiles were observed between LZT-106 and the well-studied CDK9 inhibitor flavopiridol with regards to Mcl-1 inhibition. Via Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunoprecipitation, we confirmed that LZT-106 was also able to target GSK-3β signaling and facilitate the degradation of Mcl-1. And LZT-106 was shown to synergize with ABT-199 to induce apoptosis even in the RKO cell line that overexpressed Mcl-1. Finally, LZT-106 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model with minimal toxicity. Overall, our findings suggest that LZT-106 is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Pharmaceutical Animal Experimental Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Ercan A, Oncul S, Karakaya G, Aytemir M. An allomaltol derivative triggers distinct death pathways in luminal a and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104403. [PMID: 33166845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women that shows a predisposition to metastasize to the distant organs. Kojic acid is a natural fungal metabolite exhibiting various biological activities. Compounds derived from kojic acid have been extensively studied and proved to demonstrate anti-neoplastic features on different cancer types. In the present study, allomaltol-structural analog of kojic acid and its seven derivatives including four novel compounds, have been synthesized, characterized and their possible impact on breast cancer cell viability was investigated. It was discovered that compound 5, bearing 3,4-dichlorobenzyl piperazine moiety, could decrease the viability of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines distinctively. To ascertain the death mechanism, cells were subjected to different tests following the application of IC50 concentration of compound 5. Data obtained from lactate dehydrogenase activity and gene expression assays pointed out that necrosis had taken place predominantly in MDA-MB-231. On the other hand, in MCF-7 cells, the p53 apoptotic pathway was activated by overexpression of the pro-apoptotic TP53 and Bax genes and suppression of the anti-apoptotic Mdm-2 and Bcl-2 genes. Furthermore, Bax/Blc-2 ratio was escalated by 3.5 fold in the study group compared to the control. Compound 5 did not provoke drug resistance in MCF-7 cells since the Mdr-1 gene expression, drug efflux, and H2O2 content remained unaltered. As for MDA-MB-231 cells, only a 1.4 fold increase in the Mdr-1 gene expression was detected. These results indicate the advantage of the allomaltol derivative over the chemotherapeutic agents conventionally used for breast cancer treatment that can be highly toxic and mostly lead to drug resistance. Thus, this specific allomaltol derivative offers an alternative therapeutic approach for breast cancer which needs further investigation.
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Zhang X, Duan S, Tao S, Huang J, Liu C, Xing S, Ren Z, Lei Z, Li Y, Wei G. Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale inhibit proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Yuan J, Lan H, Jiang X, Zeng D, Xiao S. Bcl‑2 family: Novel insight into individualized therapy for ovarian cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1255-1265. [PMID: 32945348 PMCID: PMC7447322 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance to platinum‑based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer in the advanced stage remains a formidable concern clinically. Increasing evidence has revealed that apoptosis represents the terminal events of the anti‑tumor mechanisms of a number of chemical drugs and has a close association with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) family plays a crucial role in apoptosis and has a close association with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Some drugs that target Bcl‑2 family members have shown efficacy in overcoming the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. A BH3 profiling assay was found to be able to predict how primed a cell is when treated with antitumor drugs. The present review summarizes the role of the Bcl‑2 family in mediating cell death in response to antitumor drugs and novel drugs that target Bcl‑2 family members. The application of the new functional assay, BH3 profiling, is also discussed herein. Furthermore, the present review presents the hypothesis that targeting Bcl‑2 family members may prove to be helpful for the individualized therapy of ovarian cancer in clinical practice and in laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hua Lan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Da Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Sun C, Gao W, Liu J, Cheng H, Hao J. FGL1 regulates acquired resistance to Gefitinib by inhibiting apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Respir Res 2020; 21:210. [PMID: 32778129 PMCID: PMC7418324 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the role of fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in regulating gefitinib resistance of PC9/GR non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The effect of different concentrations of gefitinib on cell proliferation were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. FGL1 expression in the normal human bronchial epithelial cell line Beas-2B, as well as four lung tumor cell lines, H1975, A549, PC9, and PC9/GR, was investigated by using western blotting and qRT-PCR. FGL1 was knocked down using small interfering RNA to evaluate the effects of FGL1 on PC9 and PC9/GR. The correlation between FGL1 expression and gefitinib resistance was determined in vitro via CCK-8 and colony formation assays, and flow cytometry and in vivo via flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results FGL1 expression was significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer cells with EGFR mutation and higher in the gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line PC9/GR than in the gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell line PC9. Further, FGL1 expression in PC9 and PC9/GR cells increased in response to gefitinib treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of FGL1 suppressed cell viability, reduced the gefitinib IC50 value, and enhanced apoptosis in PC9 and PC9/GR cells upon gefitinib treatment. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that FGL1 knockdown in PC9/GR tumor cells enhanced the inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing actions of gefitinib. The potential mechanism of gefitinib in inducing apoptosis of PC9/GR cells involves inhibition of PARP1 and caspase 3 expression via suppression of FGL1. Conclusions FGL1 confers gefitinib resistance in the NSCLC cell line PC9/GR by regulating the PARP1/caspase 3 pathway. Hence, FGL1 is a potential therapeutic target to improve the treatment response of NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jiqing Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Dai Y, Zhao XJ, Li F, Yuan Y, Yan DM, Cao H, Huang XY, Hu Z, Ma D, Gao QL. Truncated Bid Regulates Cisplatin Response via Activation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway in Ovarian Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:325-338. [PMID: 32024383 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractoriness to conventional chemotherapy is a major challenge in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (OC). There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial priming correlates with cisplatin response in various cancers. Notably, Bim and Bid, two of the proapoptotic BH3-only proteins, are recognized as the most effective inducers of mitochondrial priming in OC. In this study, we constructed two tumor-specific oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) coding for Bim (Ad-Bim) or truncated Bid (Ad-tBid), respectively, and performed gain-of-function assays in nine OC cell lines. Ad-tBid exhibited significant antitumor efficacy than the controls. On addition of Ad-tBid pretreatment, mito-primed cells displayed more sensitivity to cisplatin both in vitro and ex vivo. We also found that Ad-tBid induced mitochondrial apoptosis in a Bak-dependent manner. Furthermore, a combined cisplatin plus Ad-tBid therapy markedly inhibited tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model. In mice bearing peritoneal disseminated OC, intraperitoneal administration of Ad-tBid potentiated the antitumor effect of cisplatin. Our findings suggest that Ad-tBid enhances cisplatin response in OC cells, establishing the potential treatment of advanced OC via a combination of cisplatin and Ad-tBid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jiao Zhao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Mei Yan
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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30
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Fischbach P, Gonschorek P, Baaske J, Davies JA, Weber W, Zurbriggen MD. Optogenetic Downregulation of Protein Levels to Control Programmed Cell Death in Mammalian Cells with a Dual Blue-Light Switch. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2173:159-170. [PMID: 32651917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic approaches facilitate the study of signaling and metabolic pathways in animal cell systems. In the past 10 years, a plethora of light-regulated switches for the targeted control over the induction of gene expression, subcellular localization of proteins, membrane receptor activity, and other cellular processes have been developed and successfully implemented. However, only a few tools have been engineered toward the quantitative and spatiotemporally resolved downregulation of proteins. Here we present a protocol for reversible and rapid blue light-induced reduction of protein levels in mammalian cells. By implementing a dual-regulated optogenetic switch (Blue-OFF), both repression of gene expression and degradation of the target protein are triggered simultaneously. We apply this system for the blue light-mediated control of programmed cell death. HEK293T cells are transfected with the proapoptotic proteins PUMA and BID integrated into the Blue-OFF system. Overexpression of these proteins leads to programmed cell death, which can be prevented by irradiation with blue light. This experimental approach is very straightforward, requires just simple hardware, and therefore can be easily implemented in state-of-the-art equipped mammalian cell culture labs. The system can be used for targeted cell signaling studies and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fischbach
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Gonschorek
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Baaske
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Kim YJ, Perumalsamy H, Castro-Aceituno V, Kim D, Markus J, Lee S, Kim S, Liu Y, Yang DC. Photoluminescent And Self-Assembled Hyaluronic Acid-Zinc Oxide-Ginsenoside Rh2 Nanoparticles And Their Potential Caspase-9 Apoptotic Mechanism Towards Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8195-8208. [PMID: 31632027 PMCID: PMC6790350 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s221328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in modern cancer therapy based on their specific target, efficacy, low toxicity and biocompatibility. The photocatalytic performance of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites with hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to study anticancer properties against various human cancer cell lines. Methods Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites functionalized by hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared by a co-precipitation method (HA-ZnONcs). The submicron-flower-shaped nanocomposites were further functionalized with ginsenoside Rh2 by a cleavable ester bond via carbodiimide chemistry to form Rh2HAZnO. The physicochemical behaviors of the synthesized ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. We carried out 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of Rh2HAZnO in various human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, and HT29). Furthermore, to confirm the apoptotic effects of Rh2HAZnO and to determine the role of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathways by various molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes of these cell lines, mainly intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed by ROS staining and nucleus by Hoechst staining. Results We confirmed that Rh2HAZnO exhibits the anti-cancer effects on A549 lung cancer, HT29 colon cancer, and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in three cancer cell lines. Rh2HAZnO induced apoptotic process through p53-mediated pathway by upregulating p53 and BAX and downregulating BCL2. Specifically, Rh2HAZnO induced activation of cleaved PARP (Asp214) in A549 lung cancer cells and upregulated Caspase-9/phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in other cell lines (HT29 and MCF-7). Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes in the nucleus of these cell lines. Conclusion These results suggest that the potential anticancer activity of novel Rh2HAZnO nanoparticles might be linked to induction of apoptosis through the generation of ROS by activation of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Center for Global Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Chen H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, He Y, Duan J, Xu D, Pei Y, Cheng J, Yang L, Hua R, Li X, Wang J, Jiang X, He H, Wu L, Liu D, Li Q. Phospholipase C inhibits apoptosis of porcine primary granulosa cells cultured in vitro. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:90. [PMID: 31554511 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) can participate in cell proliferation, differentiation and aging. However, whether it has a function in apoptosis in porcine primary granulosa cells is largely uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of PLC on apoptosis of porcine primary granulosa cells cultured in vitro. The mRNA expression of BAK, BAX and CASP3, were upregulated in the cells treated with U73122 (the PLC inhibitor). The abundance of BCL2 mRNA, was upregulated, while BAX and CASP3 mRNA expression was decreased after treatment with m-3M3FBS (the PLC activator). Both the early and late apoptosis rate were maximized with 0.5 μM U73122 for 4 h. The rate of early apoptosis was the highest at 4 h and the rate of late apoptosis was the highest at 12 h in the m-3M3FBS group. The protein abundance of PLCβ1, protein kinase C β (PKCβ), calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseII α (CAMKIIα) and calcineurinA (CalnA) were decreased by U73122, and CAMKIIα protein abundance was increased by m-3M3FBS. The mRNA expression of several downstream genes (CDC42, NFATc1, and NFκB) was upregulated by PLC. Our results demonstrated that apoptosis can be inhibited by altering PLC signaling in porcine primary granulosa cells cultured in vitro, and several calcium-sensitive targets and several downstream genes might take part in the processes.
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Huang Q, Wang L, Ran Q, Wang J, Wang C, He H, Li L, Qi H. Notopterol-induced apoptosis and differentiation in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:1927-1940. [PMID: 31239643 PMCID: PMC6560190 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s189969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to observe the effects of notopterol on the apoptosis and differentiation of HL-60 cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Cell viability was assessed using sulforhodamine B assay. Cell proliferation was determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Colony-forming units were assayed in methylcellulose. Apoptosis assays were carried out by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining, Hoechst 33342 staining, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Western blot. Wright–Giemsa staining, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay, CD11b and CD14 and Western blot were detected for induction of differentiation. In addition, cell-cycle phase distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot. The combination therapy of notopterol and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on HL-60 cells was examined. Results: Notopterol obviously inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 40.32 μM and remarkably reduced the number of colonies by 10, 20, and 40 µM. In addtion, notopterol induced the percentage of apoptotic HL-60 cells, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the protein expresstion of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and increased the expression of Bax, cleavage of caspase 9, caspase 3, and PARP. As for cell differentiation, notopterol clearly induced chromatin condensation; increased the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, nitroblue tetrazolium-positive cells, expression of CD14 and CD11b, and protein expression of c-Jun and Jun B, and decreased c-myc. Furthermore, notopterol induced the G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest as determined using flow cytometry, which may be related to the regulation of cell-cycle-related proteins p53, CDK2, CDK4, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, and survivin. The combined use of notopterol and ATRA did not enhance the apoptotic effect as evidenced by cell viability test and Hoechst 33342. However, the combination of notopterol and ATRA enhanced the effect of inducing differentiation when compared with using either notopterol or ATRA alone, which can be evidenced by the increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio, NBT positive cells, and expression of CD14. Conclusion: This is the first time it has been demonstrated that notopterol could induce apoptosis, differentiation, and G0/G1 arrest in human AML HL-60 cells, suggesting that notopterol has potential therapeutic effects on AML. The combination application of notopterol (20 and 40 μM) and ATRA (2 μM) could augment differentiation of HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
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Song J, Zhang W, Wang J, Yang H, Zhou Q, Wang H, Li L, Du G. Inhibition of FOXO3a/BIM signaling pathway contributes to the protective effect of salvianolic acid A against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:505-515. [PMID: 31193821 PMCID: PMC6543034 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is an effective compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in the modulation of ischemia-induced cell apoptosis. However, no information about the regulatory effect of SalA on FoxO3a is available. To explore the anti-cerebral ischemia effect and clarify the therapeutic mechanism of SalA, SH-SY5Y cells and Sprague–Dawley rats were applied, which were exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injuries, respectively. The involved pathway was identified using the specific inhibitor LY294002. Results showed that SalA concentration-dependently inhibited OGD/R injury triggered cell viability loss. SalA reduced cerebral infarction, lowered brain edema, improved neurological function, and inhibited neuron apoptosis in MCAO/R rats, which were attenuated by the treatment of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) specific inhibitor LY294002. SalA time- and concentration-dependently upregulated the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (AKT) and its downstream protein FOXO3a. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of FOXO3a was inhibited by SalA both in vivo and in vitro, which was also reversed by LY294002. The above results indicated that SalA fought against ischemia/reperfusion damage at least partially via the AKT/FOXO3a/BIM pathway.
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He M, Zhu J, Yu N, Kong H, Zeng X, Xie W, Xu H. The Superior Antitumor Effect of Self-Assembled Paclitaxel Nanofilaments for Lung Cancer Cells. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:171-178. [PMID: 30332958 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181017094003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paclitaxel (Ptx) has been regarded as one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs for lung cancers. Increasing studies focused on the nano-delivery system of Ptx due to its poor solubility and hypersensitivity. The aim of the recent study was to investigate the antitumor effects of self-assembled Ptx nano-filaments for lung cancer cells. METHODS In the present study, we designed and synthesized novel Ptx-loaded nano-filaments through conjugation of Ptx and succinic acid (SA) (Ptx-SA, P-NFs). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 and H460 cells were used for detecting the antitumor effects of P-NFs, including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and migration. Western blotting was performed for analyzing mechanism. RESULTS P-NFs nano-filaments exerted superior antitumor effects against NSCLC cells compared with free Ptx using cytotoxicity tests. Furthermore, P-NFs nano-filaments were much more effective in inducing NSCLC cells apoptosis and inhibiting A549 cells migration than free Ptx. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the expression of apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins was detected. The results indicated that P-NFs nano-filaments enhanced the expression of bax/bcl-2, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), phospho- c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and C/EPB homologous protein (CHOP), which suggested that the strong antitumor effect of P-NFs nano-filaments may be partially attributed to the activation ER stress. CONCLUSION The current work demonstrated that P-NFs nano-filaments showed superior cytotoxicity of lung cancer cells, highlighting a novel profile of nano-filaments delivery systems as potential strategies for facilitating the therapeutic efficacy of Ptx in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Pain, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No.42, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huae Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sirotkin AV, Petrak J, Alwasel S, Harrath AH. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1) and transcription factor tumor suppressor protein TP53 suppress rabbit ovarian granulosa cell functions. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:140-51. [PMID: 30948244 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim to understand the roles of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1) and transcription factor tumor suppressor protein TP53, as well as the possible interrelationships, in the control of healthy ovarian cell functions. Rabbit ovarian granulosa cells were transfected with constructs encoding ASK1, TP53, or TP53 + ASK1 and cultured with or without insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). The accumulation of ASK1, the cytoplasmic apoptosis regulators BAX and BCL2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, a cell proliferation marker), as well as progesterone release, were evaluated by quantitative immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Results indicate both ASK1 and TP53 promoted the accumulation of BAX, but suppressed that of BCL2 and PCNA. Progesterone release was inhibited by ASK1 and promoted by TP53, while TP53 also stimulated ASK1 accumulation. Additionally, IGF1 stimulated PCNA and reduced progesterone release, but did not affect ASK1. Transfection with ASK1, TP53, or TP53 + ASK1 could modify IGF1 activity, however, there was no cumulative effect with co-transfection of TP53 and ASK1. This is the first results that indicate there is ASK1 suppression of healthy ovarian granulosa cell functions, including promoting apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, and alter progesterone release. There was also TP53 actions in rabbit ovarian granulosa cells, where it stimulated ASK1, apoptosis, and progesterone release, thus suppressing proliferation and responses to IGF1. The similarity of ASK1 and TP53 effects on apoptosis and proliferation, lack of cumulative action of these molecules, and capacity of TP53 to promote ASK1 accumulation suggest that TP53 can suppress some ovarian granulosa cell functions through ASK1 stimulation.
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Zhu L, Wang J, Kong W, Huang J, Dong B, Huang Y, Xue W, Zhang J. LSD1 inhibition suppresses the growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via upregulating P21 signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:324-334. [PMID: 30972280 PMCID: PMC6437640 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been implicated in the disease progression of several types of solid tumors. This study provides the first evidence showing that LSD1 overexpression occurred in 62.6% (224/358) of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). LSD1 expression was associated with the progression of ccRCC, as indicated by TNM stage (P=0.006), especially tumor stage (P=0.017) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.030). High LSD1 expression proved to be an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (P<0.001) and recurrence-free survival (P<0.001) of ccRCC patients. We further show that LSD1 inhibition by siRNA knockdown or using the small molecule inhibitor SP2509 suppressed the growth of ccRCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, inhibition of LSD1 decreased the H3K4 demethylation at the CDKN1A gene promoter, which was associated with P21 upregulation and cell cycle arrest at G1/S in ccRCC cells. Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of LSD1 in ccRCC and suggest the therapeutic potential of LSD1 inhibitors in ccRCC treatment.
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Tan GX, Wang XN, Tang YY, Cen WJ, Li ZH, Wang GC, Jiang JW, Wang XC. PP-22 promotes autophagy and apoptosis in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, downregulating STAT3 signaling, and modulating the MAPK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:2618-2630. [PMID: 30191969 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, named Chong Lou, is considered an antitumor substance. In this study, we investigated the effect of PP-22, a monomer purified from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, on the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 in vitro. The results showed that PP-22 could inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 cells via the induction of apoptosis, with evidence of the characteristic morphological changes in the apoptosis in the nucleus and an increase in Annexin V-positive cells. In addition, we found that PP-22 could activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and that this activation was reversed by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of the p38 MAPK pathway. In contrast, PP-22 promoted apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway, including the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, in a caspase-dependent manner. A further study showed that PP-22 also induced apoptosis by downregulating the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and the inhibitory effect was also confirmed by STAT3 small interfering RNA. In addition, PP-22 could promote autophagy by inhibiting the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway. And autophagy plays a protective role against apoptosis. Together, these data show that PP-22 promotes autophagy and apoptosis in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xiang Tan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Yun Tang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jing Cen
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Development District Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Translation Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Qi S, Guo L, Yan S, Lee RJ, Yu S, Chen S. Hypocrellin A-based photodynamic action induces apoptosis in A549 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:279-293. [PMID: 30972277 PMCID: PMC6437636 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, many studies have reported that hypocrellin A (HA) can eliminate cancer cells with proper irradiation in several cancer cell lines. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its anticancer effect has not been fully defined. HA-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were evaluated after photodynamic therapy (PDT). A temporal quantitative proteomics approach by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) 2D liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) was introduced to help clarify molecular cytotoxic mechanisms and identify candidate targets of HA-induced apoptotic cell death. Specific caspase inhibitors were used to further elucidate the molecular pathway underlying apoptosis in PDT-treated A549 cells. Finally, down-stream apoptosis-related protein was evaluated. Apoptosis induced by HA was associated with cell shrinkage, externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial disruption, which were preceded by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations. Further studies showed that PDT treatment with 0.08 µmol/L HA resulted in mitochondrial disruption, pronounced release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3, -9, and -7. Together, HA may be a possible therapeutic agent directed toward mitochondria and a promising photodynamic anticancer candidate for further evaluation.
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Key Words
- ACN, acetonitrile
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning confocal microscopy
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorofuorescin diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium
- Dox, doxorubicin
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- FCCP, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GO, gene ontology
- HA, hypocrellin A
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- Hypocrellin A
- IAA, iodoacetamide
- IKK, IκB kinase complex
- JC-1, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide
- LC–MS/MS
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PI, propidium iodide
- PS, photosensitizer
- Photodynamic therapy
- Proteomic
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SCX, strong cation exchange
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicinal
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- UA, urea
- iTRAQ
- iTRAQ, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation
- z-IETD-fmk, z-Ile-Glu-Asp-fluoromethylketone
- z-LEHD-fmk, z-Leu-Glu(OMe)-His-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone
- z-VAD-fmk, z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lingyuan Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuzhen Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuqin Yu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 25 8559 1050.
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 8589 1265.
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Tian H, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Liu Y, Han X. Effects of BENC-511, a novel PI3K inhibitor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:40-48. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
| | - Qianyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
| | - Shuixian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Mitochondria as emerging targets for therapies against T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:935-946. [PMID: 30698851 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5vmr0818-330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, arising from diverse genetic alterations in the early lymphocyte development. T-cell subtype of ALL (T-ALL) accounts for about 15% and 25% of ALL in children and adults, respectively. Being less frequent among ALL subtypes, T-ALL represents a high-risk factor for poor prognosis due to its aggressiveness and resistance to common antileukemic drugs. Mitochondria were widely explored recently as a target for anticancer treatment because they are involved in a metabolic reprogramming of a cancer cell and play key roles in reactive oxygen species generation, Ca2+ signaling, and cell death induction. Accordingly, a new class of anticancer compounds named mitocans has been developed, which target mitochondria at distinct crucial points to promote their dysfunction and subsequent cell death. The present review analyses the role of mitochondria in malignant reprogramming and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria as an "Achilles' heel" in T-ALL, with an emphasis on BH3 mimetics, sequestering pro-survival BCL proteins and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1-directed drugs, which promote the suppression of aerobic glycolysis, VDAC1 closure, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, stoppage of the oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and release of proapoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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LeBlanc L, Lee BK, Yu AC, Kim M, Kambhampati AV, Dupont SM, Seruggia D, Ryu BU, Orkin SH, Kim J. Yap1 safeguards mouse embryonic stem cells from excessive apoptosis during differentiation. eLife 2018; 7:40167. [PMID: 30561326 PMCID: PMC6307859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately, 30% of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) die after exiting self-renewal, but regulators of this process are not well known. Yap1 is a Hippo pathway transcriptional effector that plays numerous roles in development and cancer. However, its functions in ESC differentiation remain poorly characterized. We first reveal that ESCs lacking Yap1 experience massive cell death upon the exit from self-renewal. We subsequently show that Yap1 contextually protects differentiating, but not self-renewing, ESC from hyperactivation of the apoptotic cascade. Mechanistically, Yap1 strongly activates anti-apoptotic genes via cis-regulatory elements while mildly suppressing pro-apoptotic genes, which moderates the level of mitochondrial priming that occurs during differentiation. Individually modulating the expression of single apoptosis-related genes targeted by Yap1 is sufficient to augment or hinder survival during differentiation. Our demonstration of the context-dependent pro-survival functions of Yap1 during ESC differentiation contributes to our understanding of the balance between survival and death during cell fate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Andy C Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Aparna V Kambhampati
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Shannon M Dupont
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Davide Seruggia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, United States
| | - Byoung U Ryu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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44
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Chen J, Zhong J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Luo F, Zhou Y, Pan X, Cao S, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang J. Purified vitexin compound 1, a new neolignan isolated compound, promotes PUMA-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6158-6169. [PMID: 30402948 PMCID: PMC6308053 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified vitexin compound 1 (VB1, a neolignan isolated and extracted from the seed of Chinese herb Vitex negundo) is an effective antitumor agent and exhibits promising clinical activity against various cancers including colorectal cancer. However, it remains unknown about the precise underlying mechanism associated with the antitumor effect of VB1 and how it triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that VB1 promoted apoptosis via p53-dependent induction of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and further to induce Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon cancer HCT-116 and LoVo cells. Deficiency in p53, PUMA, or Bax abrogated VB1-induced apoptosis and promoted cell survival in HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, the combination of VB1 with chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or NVP-BZE235 resulted in a synergistic antitumor effect via PUMA induction in HCT-116 cells. VB1 significantly suppressed the cell proliferation of wild-type (WT) HCT-116 and LoVo cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The results indicate that p53/PUMA/Bax axis plays a critical role in VB1-induced apoptosis and VB1 may have valuable clinical applications in cancer therapy as a novel anticancer agent used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juchang Zhong
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yeying Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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45
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Li S, Ye F, Zhu Z, Huang H, Mao S, Guo Y. Cembrane-type diterpenoids from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton mililatensis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:944-955. [PMID: 30505663 PMCID: PMC6251813 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight cembrane-type diterpenoids, namely, (+)-(6R)-6-hydroxyisosarcophytoxide (1), (+)-(6R)-6-acetoxyisosarcophytoxide (2), (+)-17-hydroxyisosarcophytoxide (3), sarcomililatins A-D (4-7), and sarcomililatol (8), were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton mililatensis collected from Weizhou Island, Guangxi Autonomous Region, together with 2 known related analogues, (+)-isosarcophytoxide (9) and (+)-isosarcophine (10). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and comparison with reported data. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was established by the modified Mosher׳s method, while the absolute configurations of compounds 4 and 5 were assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and that of compound 8 was established by time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TD-DFT ECD) calculation. In in vitro bioassays, compound 9 displayed significant cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A-549) with IC50 values of 0.78±0.21 and 1.26±0.80 μmol/L, respectively. Compounds 4 and 9 also showed moderate inhibitory effects on the TNFα-induced Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB, a therapeutical target in cancer) activation, showing IC50 values of 35.23±12.42 and 22.52±4.44 μmol/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengdan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shuichun Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuewei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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46
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Ziolkowska E, Wolowiec D, Karpinski P, Blonski JZ, Lech-Maranda E, Borowiec M, Balcerczak E, Sasiadek M, Robak T, Korycka-Wolowiec A. Bendamustine alone or with rituximab modifies expression of apoptosis-regulating genes and proteins of CLL cells, depending on IGVH mutational status. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:1409-1419. [PMID: 30187811 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1493730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied whether bendamustine (BENDA) alone or with rituximab (RIT) modifies in vitro expression of apoptosis-involved genes and proteins of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells depending on IGVH mutational status. Circulating lymphocytes from 34 untreated patients (18 IGVH-MUT and 16 IGVH-UNMUT) were incubated with above drugs to evaluate proteins expression. Microarray analysis of 93 genes was performed in 14 patients. BENDA and BENDA + RIT increased expression of BAX and BBC3 in IGVH-MUT and IGVH-UNMUT groups, and significant differences in expression of above genes after BENDA + RIT were observed between both groups. Additionally, BENDA + RIT decreased NFκB and BCL-2 genes in IGVH-UNMUT patients and increased expression of P53, BAX and PUMA proteins in IGVH-MUT and UNMUT subjects. However, no significant differences were found between these groups. In conclusion, BENDA + RIT modified gene expression profile in CLL cells and affected expression of some apoptosis-regulating proteins in vitro. Expression of BAX and BBC3 depends on action of drugs and IGVH mutational status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Wolowiec
- b Department of Hematology , Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Pawel Karpinski
- c Department of Genetics , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Jerzy Z Blonski
- a Department of Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- d Department of Hematology , Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine , Warsaw , Poland.,e Department of Hematology and Transfusiology , Medical Center of Postgraduate Education , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- f Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- g Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Maria Sasiadek
- c Department of Genetics , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- a Department of Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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47
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El-Khodary MSM. Quranic Verse No. 8 of Surat Al-Jumu’ah Describes Cancer as a Complete and Accurate Description and Leads Us to Determine the True Cause of Cancer. “Part-1”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/cellbio.2018.71001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Cai G, Li X, Wang D. Carnosic acid induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:91-100. [PMID: 28918123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), an important bioactive phenolic diterpene mainly found in labiate plants, exerts various biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, we proved the deleterious effects of CA against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, CA significantly decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation and migration, enhanced apoptosis, and increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Specifically, CA led to a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis-related protein expression. Pre-incubation of HCC cells with N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, strongly suppressed CA-induced apoptotic phenomena, including reduced cell viability, excessive ROS levels, MMP decreases, and abnormal protein expression, suggesting an association of CA-induced apoptosis with oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial pathways. In HepG2-and SMMC-7721-xenograft tumor mouse models, treatment with CA inhibited tumor growth and modulated apoptosis-related protein expression, confirming the anti-HCC effects of this chemical. Moreover, the CA-mediated anti-HCC effects associated with oxidative stress provide experimental evidence to support the potential use of CA as a drug therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Yiling Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China; Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Southern Research Institute, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Guangsheng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Southern Research Institute, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China; Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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49
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Liefers-Visser JAL, Meijering RAM, Reyners AKL, van der Zee AGJ, de Jong S. IGF system targeted therapy: Therapeutic opportunities for ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:90-99. [PMID: 28934637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises multiple growth factor receptors, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR) -A and -B. These receptors are activated upon binding to their respective growth factor ligands, IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin, and play an important role in development, maintenance, progression, survival and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer. In many pre-clinical studies anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies proved effective in reducing growth of ovarian cancer models. In addition, anti-IGF-1R targeted strategies potentiated the efficacy of platinum based chemotherapy. Despite the vast amount of encouraging and promising pre-clinical data, anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies lacked efficacy in the clinic. The question is whether targeting the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway still holds therapeutic potential. In this review we address the complexity of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway, including receptor heterodimerization within and outside the IGF system and downstream signaling. Further, we discuss the implications of this complexity on current targeted strategies and indicate therapeutic opportunities for successful targeting of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. Multiple-targeted approaches circumventing bidirectional receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) compensation and prevention of system rewiring are expected to have more therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Liefers-Visser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A M Meijering
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A K L Reyners
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Abstract
The term 'undruggable' was coined to describe proteins that could not be targeted pharmacologically. However, progress is being made to 'drug' many of these targets, and therefore more appropriate terms might be 'difficult to drug' or 'yet to be drugged'. Many desirable targets in cancer fall into this category, including the RAS and MYC oncogenes, and pharmacologically targeting these intractable proteins is now a key challenge in cancer research that requires innovation and the development of new technologies. In this Viewpoint article, we asked four scientists working in this field for their opinions on the most crucial advances, as well as the challenges and what the future holds for this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi V. Dang
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Present addresses: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10017, USA, and The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA or
| | - E. Premkumar Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kevan M. Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Cellex Centre, Barcelona 08035; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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