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Zhu Y, Sun H, Wang H, Li N. Synaptic mechanisms underlying the elevated sympathetic outflow in fructose-induced hypertension. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1365594. [PMID: 38505704 PMCID: PMC10949223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1365594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, including elevated sympathetic outflow. However, the underlying brain mechanisms are unclear. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) critically regulates autonomic reflexes related to cardiovascular function and contains neurons projecting to the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible free-radical messenger in the vascular, immune, and nervous systems. In this study, we determine if NO in the NTS is involved in the synaptic plasticity underlying the elevated sympathetic outflow in fructose-induced hypertension. We retrogradely labeled CVLM-projecting NTS neurons through the injection of FluoSpheres into the CVLM in a fructose-fed rat model to determine the cellular mechanism involved in increased sympathetic outflow. Fructose feeding increased the blood pressure and glucose levels, which represent metabolic syndrome. We found that fructose feeding reduces the NO precursor L-arginine-induced increase in the firing activity of CVLM-projecting NTS neurons. Furthermore, fructose feeding reduces the L-arginine-induced increase in presynaptic spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic inputs to NTS neurons, while NO donor DEA/NO produces an increase in glutamatergic synaptic inputs in fructose-fed rats similar to that in vehicle-treated rats. In addition, fructose feeding reduces the NO-induced depressor response and sympathoinhibition. These data suggested that fructose feeding reduced NO production and, thus, the subsequent NO-induced glutamate releases in the NTS and depressor response. The findings of this study provide new insights into the central mechanisms involved in the neural control of cardiovascular and autonomic functions in the NTS in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Caiazzo E, Sharma M, Rezig AOM, Morsy MI, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Ialenti A, Sulicka-Grodzicka J, Pellicori P, Crouch SH, Schutte AE, Bruzzese D, Maffia P, Guzik TJ. Circulating cytokines and risk of developing hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107050. [PMID: 38159784 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune responses play a significant role in hypertension, though the importance of key inflammatory mediators remains to be defined. We used a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to study the associations between key cytokines and incident hypertension. METHODS We performed a systematic search of Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), for peer-reviewed studies published up to August 2022. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or the use of antihypertensive medications. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs)/risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals by cytokine levels (highest vs. lowest quartile). RESULTS Only IL-6 and IL-1β levels have evidence allowing for quantitative evaluation concerning the onset of hypertension. Six studies (10406 participants, 2932 incident cases) examined the association of IL-6 with incident hypertension. The highest versus lowest quartile of circulating IL-6 was associated with a significant HR/RR of hypertension (1.61, 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.60; I2 =87%). After adjusting for potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI), HR/RR was no longer significant (HR/RR: 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.61; I2 = 56%). About IL-1β, neither the crude (HR/RR: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.76; n = 2) nor multivariate analysis (HR/RR: 0.97, 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.56; n = 2) suggested a significant association with the risk of developing hypertension. CONCLUSIONS A limited number of studies suggest that higher IL-6, but not IL-1β, might be associated with the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caiazzo
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Malvika Sharma
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Asma O M Rezig
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Moustafa I Morsy
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Joanna Sulicka-Grodzicka
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kracow, Poland
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simone H Crouch
- SA MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) & The Guild of European Research-intensive Universities, South Africa.
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) & The Guild of European Research-intensive Universities, South Africa; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine and Omicron Medical Genomics Laboratory, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Colak DK, Coskun Yazici ZM, Bolkent S. Chronic administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol protects hyperinsulinemic gastric tissue in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1543-1551. [PMID: 38032085 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia (HI) can result from some reasons such as an increase in basal/fasting circulating insulin and/or potentiation of postprandial insulin production. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is indirectly related to HI since it both causes and results from insulin resistance. Understanding the causes of HI and treating this is crucial for preventing DM. Previous research has shown that delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has medicinal benefits. In light of this, the relationship between THC and oxidative stress, DNA repair mechanism, apoptosis, and its regulatory impact on appetite hormones in the gastric tissue of hyperinsulinemic rats has been investigated for the first time. Male rats (Spraque-Dawley, total = 32) were used, and they were randomly divided into the following groups (n = 8 in each group): control (CTRL), HI, THC administered control (THC, 1.5 mg/kg/day, during 4 weeks), and THC administered HI (HI + THC) groups. The number of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 immunopositive cells in the HI group was significantly reduced compared to the CTRL group. The number of PCNA and caspase-9 immunopositive cells was significantly increased in the HI + THC group compared to the HI group. Obestatin immunopositive cell numbers in the HI + THC group were higher than in the HI and CTRL groups. The results show that THC administration may affect the regulation of appetite hormones and regeneration in the fundus of rats with HI. Glutathione (GSH) levels were higher in the HI + THC group than in the HI group. Both immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed that THC promotes regeneration and regulates appetite hormones in hyperinsulinemic gastric tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Kamer Colak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpaşa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Mine Coskun Yazici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpaşa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shi JH, Chen YX, Feng Y, Yang X, Lin J, Wang T, Wei CC, Ma XH, Yang R, Cao D, Zhang H, Xie X, Xie Z, Zhang WJ. Fructose overconsumption impairs hepatic manganese homeostasis and ammonia disposal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7934. [PMID: 38040719 PMCID: PMC10692208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase, a manganese (Mn)-dependent enzyme, is indispensable for urea generation and ammonia disposal in the liver. The potential role of fructose in Mn and ammonia metabolism is undefined. Here we demonstrate that fructose overconsumption impairs hepatic Mn homeostasis and ammonia disposal in male mice. Fructose overexposure reduces liver Mn content as well as its activity of arginase and Mn-SOD, and impairs the clearance of blood ammonia under liver dysfunction. Mechanistically, fructose activates the Mn exporter Slc30a10 gene transcription in the liver in a ChREBP-dependent manner. Hepatic overexpression of Slc30a10 can mimic the effect of fructose on liver Mn content and ammonia disposal. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Slc30a10 or ChREBP increases liver Mn contents and arginase activity, and abolishes their responsiveness to fructose. Collectively, our data establish a role of fructose in hepatic Mn and ammonia metabolism through ChREBP/Slc30a10 pathway, and postulate fructose dietary restriction for the prevention and treatment of hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xia Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Chun Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Hua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping J Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation and Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Soliman NS, Kandeil MA, Khalaf MM. "Cerastes snake venom as a promising approach in the management of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats: Involvement of RANKL and JAK/STAT pathway". J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 314:116577. [PMID: 37178980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerastes cerastes is a snake found mainly in the Egyptian desert. Many studies were performed to explain the possible snake venom's pharmacological therapeutic effect in different autoimmune diseases. One of the most common auto-immune diseases is rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a high release of pro-inflammatory and immune-modulatory cytokines. The reduction of these markers can indicate how effective is the administered drug. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the potential pharmacological effects of cerastes venom in experimentally-induced RA in rats using Complete Freund's adjuvant - via different mechanisms - by assessing various tissue and serum parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were assigned to negative control group, cerastes control group, positive control group, dexamethasone-treated group, infliximab-treated group, and cerastes-treated group. The study ended on the 20th day when serum and tissue samples were prepared for further evaluation of reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, rheumatoid factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells as well as relative expression of phosphorylated Janus-kinase, phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand. In addition, a histopathological examination of different groups' knees joints, and spleen was done. RESULTS The results showed a significant improvement of arthritis induced in the cerastes-treated group in contrast to the positive control group in all assessed parameters. In addition, significant improvement of arthritis was observed in the histopathological examination of different groups' knees joints, and spleen. CONCLUSION These results revealed that cerastes snake venom has potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can be used in the management of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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Wu L, Wang M, Maher S, Fu P, Cai D, Wang B, Gupta S, Hijaz A, Daneshgari F, Liu G. Effects of different diets used to induce obesity/metabolic syndrome on bladder function in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R70-R81. [PMID: 36374176 PMCID: PMC9799141 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00218.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and human studies on the relationship between obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) are inconsistent. We compared the temporal effects of feeding four different diets used to induce obesity/MetS, including 60% fructose, 2% cholesterol +10% lard, 30% fructose + 20% lard, or 32.5% lard diet, up to 42 wk, on metabolic parameters and bladder function in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed a 30% fructose + 20% lard or 32.5% lard diet consumed less food (grams), but only the 32.5% lard diet group took in more calories. Feeding rats a 60% fructose or 30% fructose + 20% lard diet led to glucose intolerance and increased blood pressure. Higher body weight and increased cholesterol levels were observed in the rats maintained on a 2% cholesterol +10% lard diet, whereas exposure to a 32.5% lard diet affected most of the above parameters. Voiding behavior measurement showed that voiding frequency and the total voided volume were lower in the experimental diet groups except for the 30% fructose + 20% lard group. The mean voided volume was lower in the 30% fructose + 20% lard and 32.5% lard groups compared with the control group. Cystometric analysis revealed a decreased bladder capacity, mean voided volume, intermicturition interval, and compliance in the 32.5% lard diet group. In conclusion, experimental diets including 60% fructose, 30% fructose + 20% lard, or 2% cholesterol + 10% lard diet differently affected physiological and metabolic parameters and bladder function to a limited extent, while exposure to a 32.5% lard diet had a greater impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaimaa Maher
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dan Cai
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adonis Hijaz
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Firouz Daneshgari
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Yazici ZMC, Bilge B, Bolkent S. Anti-inflammatory potential of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in hyperinsulinemia: an experimental study. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11891-11899. [PMID: 36239881 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia (HI) means that the amount of insulin in the blood is higher than normal and is often associated with type 2 diabetes. It is known that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) obtained from a medicinal plant, Cannabis sativa, has therapeutic effects on many diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of THC on inflammatory and oxidant status in rat pancreas with HI. METHODS Rats were divided into groups; Control, HI, THC and HI + THC. Each group consists of 8 animals. HI and HI + THC groups were given 10% fructose in the drinking water for 12 weeks. In the last four weeks of the experiment, 1.5 mg kg-1 THC was injected intraperitoneally daily into THC and HI + THC groups. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were detected. JNK/SAPK and Grap2/p38 levels, total antioxidant and oxidant capacities (TAC and TOC) were analyzed in the pancreas. RESULTS Levels of IL-6, NF-κβ, and TNF-α mRNA expression were higher in the pancreas with HI than in the control (p < 0.001 for all). THC treatment reduced the expression of IL-6, NF-κβ, and TNF-α mRNAs in the HI + THC group compared to the HI group (p < 0.001 for all). TOC increased in the HI group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, THC treatment reduced TOC levels in the HI + THC group compared to the HI group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results, the THC treatment may regulate inflammation and TOC in rats with hyperinsulinemia. Thus, we can say that THC may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Mine Coskun Yazici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilgenur Bilge
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Gubur S, Ercan A, Coskun Yazici Z. Protective effects of green tea on blood and liver of rats fed with high fructose diet. AAlim 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2022.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of green tea on lipid profile, liver tissue damage, and oxidative stress in rats fed a diet including high fructose. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Fructose (F), Green Tea (GT), and F+GT. F and F+GT groups were given 20% fructose in the drinking water for eight weeks. Green tea (2 mg kg−1) was administrated to GT and F+GT groups by oral gavage for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters in serum and oxidative stress markers in the liver were analysed. The liver sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. As of the 3rd week of the experiment, the body weight of rats in the F group showed a statistically significant increase in comparison with the F+GT group. The serum glucose and triglyceride levels of the F+GT group significantly decreased when compared with the F group. The fructose-induced degenerative changes in the liver were reduced with green tea. Green tea may serve a protective role against hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in rats fed a high fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gubur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Ercan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Z.M. Coskun Yazici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Soliman NS, Kandeil MA, Khalaf MM. Leurieus quinquestriatus scorpion venom ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: Modulating JAK/STAT/RANKL signal transduction pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108853. [PMID: 35605432 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leurieus quinquestriatus (LQ) is a type of Egyptian scorpions. Prior studies have established the potential use of scorpion venoms in treating several autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the current study investigates the possible pharmacological effect of LQ venom in CFA-induced arthritis - through different mechanisms - by assessing different serum and tissue parameters. This study was divided into two phases: phase I was conducted to determine the lowest therapeutic dose of LQ scorpion venom, whereas phase II investigated the potential therapeutic effect of the chosen dose of LQ venom on induced arthritis through different mechanisms. The Wistar albino rats were divided equally and randomly into normal control group, LQ control group, arthritis control group, infliximab-treated group, and LQ-treated group. On day 20, blood and tissue samples were collected for further analysis of serum and tissue biomarkers as well as histopathological examination. The results revealed a potential therapeutic effect of LQ venom on arthritic-induced rats through a significant decrease in Rheumatoid Factor, Janus Kinase, Signal transducers and activators of transcription, Receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and Malondialdehyde by 57%, 66%, 64%, 62%, 75%, 59%, 38%, and 69%, respectively as well as a significant increase in reduced glutathione, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 by 102% and 360%, respectively. Histopathological examination of knee joint and spleen also revealed a substantial improvement, indicating the possible utilization of LQ venom in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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10
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Giussani M, Lieti G, Orlando A, Parati G, Genovesi S. Fructose Intake, Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Aspects. A Narrative Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:792949. [PMID: 35492316 PMCID: PMC9039289 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.792949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, alterations in glucose metabolism and fatty liver, either alone or in association, are frequently observed in obese children and may seriously jeopardize their health. For obesity to develop, an excessive intake of energy-bearing macronutrients is required; however, ample evidence suggests that fructose may promote the development of obesity and/or metabolic alterations, independently of its energy intake. Fructose consumption is particularly high among children, because they do not have the perception, and more importantly, neither do their parents, that high fructose intake is potentially dangerous. In fact, while this sugar is erroneously viewed favorably as a natural nutrient, its excessive intake can actually cause adverse cardio-metabolic alterations. Fructose induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the production of anti-atherosclerotic cytokines, such as adiponectin. Furthermore, by interacting with hunger and satiety control systems, particularly by inducing leptin resistance, it leads to increased caloric intake. Fructose, directly or through its metabolites, promotes the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and fatty liver. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms by which the early and excessive consumption of fructose may contribute to the development of a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors in children, thus representing a potential danger to their health. It will also describe the main clinical trials performed in children and adolescents that have evaluated the clinical effects of excessive intake of fructose-containing drinks and food, with particular attention to the effects on blood pressure. Finally, we will discuss the effectiveness of measures that can be taken to reduce the intake of this sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giussani
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lieti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Genovesi
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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11
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Labban M, Itani MM, Maaliki D, Nasreddine L, Itani HA. The Sweet and Salty Dietary Face of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Lebanon. Front Physiol 2022; 12:802132. [PMID: 35153813 PMCID: PMC8835350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.802132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension; and every year, hypertension takes 7.6 million lives. High intakes of salt and sugar (mainly fructose from added sugars) have been linked to the etiology of hypertension, and this may be particularly true for countries undergoing the nutrition transition, such as Lebanon. Salt-induced hypertension and fructose-induced hypertension are manifested in different mechanisms, including Inflammation, aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor pathway, aldosterone independent mineralocorticoid receptor pathway, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, and genetic mechanisms. This review describes the evolution of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Lebanon and aims to elucidate potential mechanisms where salt and fructose work together to induce hypertension. These mechanisms increase salt absorption, decrease salt excretion, induce endogenous fructose production, activate fructose-insulin-salt interaction, and trigger oxidative stress, thus leading to hypertension. The review also provides an up-to-date appraisal of current intake levels of salt and fructose in Lebanon and their main food contributors. It identifies ongoing salt and sugar intake reduction strategies in Lebanon while acknowledging the country’s limited scope of regulation and legislation. Finally, the review concludes with proposed public health strategies and suggestions for future research, which can reduce the intake levels of salt and fructose levels and contribute to curbing the CVD epidemic in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha M Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dina Maaliki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Adjunct Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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12
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Chan AML, Ng AMH, Mohd Yunus MH, Idrus RBH, Law JX, Yazid MD, Chin KY, Shamsuddin SA, Lokanathan Y. Recent Developments in Rodent Models of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082497. [PMID: 34444658 PMCID: PMC8401262 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the physiological clustering of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The MetS-related chronic illnesses encompass obesity, the cardiovascular system, renal operation, hepatic function, oncology, and mortality. To perform pre-clinical research, it is imperative that these symptoms be successfully induced and optimized in lower taxonomy. Therefore, novel and future applications for a disease model, if proven valid, can be extrapolated to humans. MetS model establishment is evaluated based on the significance of selected test parameters, paradigm shifts from new discoveries, and the accessibility of the latest technology or advanced methodologies. Ultimately, the outcome of animal studies should be advantageous for human clinical trials and solidify their position in advanced medicine for clinicians to treat and adapt to serious or specific medical situations. Rodents (Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus) have been ideal models for mammalian studies since the 18th century and have been mapped extensively. This review compiles and compares studies published in the past five years between the multitude of rodent comparative models. The response factors, niche parameters, and replicability of diet protocols are also compiled and analyzed to offer insight into MetS-related disease-specific modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Man Lung Chan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.M.L.C.); (A.M.H.N.); (R.B.H.I.); (J.X.L.); (M.D.Y.); (S.A.S.)
- Ming Medical Sdn. Bhd., D3-3 (2nd Floor), Block D3 Dana 1 Commercial Centre, Jalan PJU 1A/22, Petaling Jaya 47101, Malaysia
| | - Angela Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.M.L.C.); (A.M.H.N.); (R.B.H.I.); (J.X.L.); (M.D.Y.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Mohd Heikal Mohd Yunus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.M.L.C.); (A.M.H.N.); (R.B.H.I.); (J.X.L.); (M.D.Y.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.M.L.C.); (A.M.H.N.); (R.B.H.I.); (J.X.L.); (M.D.Y.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.M.L.C.); (A.M.H.N.); (R.B.H.I.); (J.X.L.); (M.D.Y.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Sharen Aini Shamsuddin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.M.L.C.); (A.M.H.N.); (R.B.H.I.); (J.X.L.); (M.D.Y.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.M.L.C.); (A.M.H.N.); (R.B.H.I.); (J.X.L.); (M.D.Y.); (S.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-7704
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13
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Durmuş İ, Kalaycıoğlu E, Çetin M, Şahin HB, Kırış T. Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Has a Strong Relationship with Mean Platelet Volume Reduction. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:434-440. [PMID: 33566933 PMCID: PMC8159561 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mean platelet volume (MPV), which is a simple measure of platelet activation, has recently become an interesting topic in cardiovascular research. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive intervention that decreases mortality-morbidity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Studies on the effects of exercise on platelet activation have yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an exercise-based CR programs on MPV in patients with stable CAD. METHODS The sample was composed of 300 consecutive stable CAD patients. The patients were divided into two groups: CR group (n = 97) and non-CR group (n = 203). Blood analysis was performed. Point-Biserial correlation measures were performed to show correlation between MPV change and CR. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The decrease in MPV was greater in the CR group than in the non-CR group [(-1.10(-1.40-(-0.90)) vs. (-0.10 (-2.00-0.00)); p< 0.001]. ΔMPV had a positive correlation with Δ neutrophil (r = 0.326, p < 0.001), ΔTG (r = 0.439, p < 0.001), ΔLDL-c (r = 0.478, p < 0.001), ΔWBC (r = 0.412, p < 0.001), and ΔCRP (r = 0.572, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between ΔMPV% and CR (r=0.750, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We were able to show that exercise-based CR has a strong relationship with MPV reduction in patients with CAD. We consider that decreased platelet activation with exercise-based CR might play an important role in reducing thrombotic risk in patients with stable CAD. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Durmuş
- University of Health Sciences Turkey , Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital , Trabzon - Turquia
| | - Ezgi Kalaycıoğlu
- University of Health Sciences Turkey , Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital , Trabzon - Turquia
| | - Mustafa Çetin
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Medicine , Rize - Turquia
| | - Hanife Baykal Şahin
- University of Health Sciences Turkey , Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital , Trabzon - Turquia
| | - Tuncay Kırış
- zmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital , Department of Cardiology , İzmir - Turquia
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14
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Faria APD, Ritter AMV, Santa-Catharina A, Souza DP, Naseri EP, Bertolo MB, Pioli MR, Carvalho CC, Modolo R, Moreno H. Effects of Anti-TNF alpha Therapy on Blood Pressure in Resistant Hypertensive Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:443-451. [PMID: 33909773 PMCID: PMC8159563 DOI: 10.36660/abc.202190703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is elevated in resistant hypertension (RH), but the effects of a TNF-α inhibitor in this population is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial was to evaluate whether a single dose of infliximab controlled by placebo acutely reduces blood pressure (BP) in RH subjects. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted, and randomized RH subjects received either infliximab or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change in mean BP levels relative to the baseline immediately after the infusion obtained by continuously beat-to-beat non-invasive hemodynamic assessment. Secondary endpoints included changes in office, ambulatory and central BP measurements; endothelial function; and inflammatory biomarkers after 7 days. The level of significance accepted was alpha=0.05. RESULTS Ten RH subjects were enrolled. The primary endpoint analysis showed an acute decrease in mean BP values (mean of differences ± standard deviation = -6.3 ± 7.2 mmHg, p=0.02) from baseline, after the application of infliximab compared with placebo. Diastolic BP levels (-4.9 ± 5.5 mmHg, p=0.02), but not systolic BP levels (-9.4 ± 19.7 mmHg, p=0.16), lowered after infliximab infusion. No further significant differences were identified in either the other hemodynamic parameters or in secondary endpoints, except for TNF-α levels, which increased continuously after infliximab infusion. No adverse events were reported during the protocol. CONCLUSIONS A single-dose of infliximab decreased the mean and diastolic BP levels immediately after its infusion, when compared to the placebo in RH. The anti-TNF-α therapy was found to be safe and well-tolerated. The results of this proof-of-concept are hypothesis-generating and need to be further investigated. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(3):443-451).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Débora P Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Modolo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | - Heitor Moreno
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP - Brasil
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15
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Prasatthong P, Meephat S, Rattanakanokchai S, Khamseekaew J, Bunbupha S, Prachaney P, Maneesai P, Pakdeechote P. Galangin Resolves Cardiometabolic Disorders through Modulation of AdipoR1, COX-2, and NF-κB Expression in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:769. [PMID: 34066039 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a natural flavonoid. In this study, we evaluated whether galangin could alleviate signs of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiac abnormalities in rats receiving a high-fat (HF) diet. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given an HF diet plus 15% fructose for four months, and they were fed with galangin (25 or 50 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg), or a vehicle for the last four weeks. The MS rats exhibited signs of MS, hypertrophy of adipocytes, impaired liver function, and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. These abnormalities were alleviated by galangin (p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations and expression were high in the plasma and cardiac tissue in the MS rats, and these markers were suppressed by galangin (p < 0.05). These treatments also alleviated the low levels of adiponectin and oxidative stress induced by an HF diet in rats. The downregulation of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression were recovered in the galangin-treated groups. Metformin produced similar effects to galangin. In conclusion, galangin reduced cardiometabolic disorders in MS rats. These effects might be linked to the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress and the restoration of AdipoR1, COX-2, and NF-κB expression.
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16
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Berenyiova A, Golas S, Drobna M, Cebova M, Cacanyiova S. Fructose Intake Impairs the Synergistic Vasomotor Manifestation of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide in Rat Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4749. [PMID: 33946264 PMCID: PMC8124179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of eight weeks of administration of 10% fructose solution to adult Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats on systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma and biometric parameters, vasoactive properties of the thoracic aorta (TA), NO synthase (NOS) activity, and the expression of enzymes producing NO and H2S. Eight weeks of fructose administration did not affect SBP, glycaemia, or the plasma levels of total cholesterol or low-density and high-density lipoprotein; however, it significantly increased the plasma levels of γ-glutamyl transferase and alanine transaminase. Chronic fructose intake deteriorated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDVR) and increased the sensitivity of adrenergic receptors to noradrenaline. Acute NOS inhibition evoked a reduction in EDVR that was similar between groups; however, it increased adrenergic contraction more in fructose-fed rats. CSE inhibition decreased EDVR in WKY but not in fructose-fed rats. The application of a H2S scavenger evoked a reduction in the EDVR in WKY rats and normalized the sensitivity of adrenergic receptors in rats treated with fructose. Fructose intake did not change NOS activity but reduced the expression of eNOS and CBS in the TA and CSE and CBS in the left ventricle. Based on our results, we could assume that the impaired vascular function induced by increased fructose intake was probably not directly associated with a decreased production of NO, but rather with impairment of the NO-H2S interaction and its manifestation in vasoactive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Berenyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.G.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (S.C.)
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17
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Zhou Y, Fan R, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Infliximab Can Improve Traumatic Brain Injury by Suppressing the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2803-2811. [PMID: 33501626 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has both high morbidity and mortality rates and can negatively influence physical and mental health, while also causing extreme burden to both individual and society. Hitherto, there is no effective treatment for TBI because of the complexity of the brain anatomy and physiology. Currently, management strategies mainly focus on controlling inflammation after TBI. Tumor necrotizing factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation post-TBI. TNF-α acts as the initiator of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, and its activation can trigger a series of inflammatory reactions. Infliximab is a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody that reduces inflammation. Herein, we review the latest findings pertaining to the role of TNF-α and infliximab in TBI. We seek to present a comprehensive clinical application prospect of infliximab in TBI and, thus, discuss potential strategies of infliximab in treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Ruihua Fan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China.
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18
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Yahia H, Hassan A, El-Ansary MR, Al-Shorbagy MY, El-Yamany MF. IL-6/STAT3 and adipokine modulation using tocilizumab in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2279-2292. [PMID: 32651660 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a low-grade inflammation state that results from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The incidence of MetS among individuals with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and obesity, which constitute the syndrome, is 40% in the Middle East. The absence of an approved therapeutic agent for MetS is one reason to investigate tocilizumab (TCZ), which might be effective in the treatment of MetS. Results have implicated interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the development of MetS, identifying inflammation as a critical factor in its etiology and offering hope for new therapeutic approaches development. Here, we evaluate whether tocilizumab can be used for metabolic syndrome treatment. We assigned rats to three groups, 8 rats each: a negative-control group, provided with standard rodent chow and water; a fructose-fed group, provided with standard rodent chow and 10% fructose in drinking water for 22 weeks; and a treatment group, fed as per the metabolic syndrome group but treated with tocilizumab (5 mg/kg/week, intraperitoneal) for the final 5 weeks. Treatment with TCZ successfully ameliorated the damaging effects of fructose by stabilizing body weight gain and through the normalization of serum biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. Significant differences in adipokine levels were perceived, resulting in a significant decline in serum leptin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels concurrent with adiponectin normalization. Tocilizumab might be an effective agent for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. However, further investigations on human subjects are needed before the clinical application of tocilizumab for this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Yahia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Al-Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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AlZaim I, Hammoud SH, Al-Koussa H, Ghazi A, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602088. [PMID: 33282920 PMCID: PMC7705180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Ghazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lelis DDF, Andrade JMO, Almenara CCP, Broseguini-Filho GB, Mill JG, Baldo MP. High fructose intake and the route towards cardiometabolic diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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dos Santos B, Schmitz AE, de Almeida GRL, de Souza LF, Szczepanik JC, Nunes EA, Brunetta HS, Mack JM, Prediger RD, Cunha MP, Dafre AL. Fructose Intake Impairs Cortical Antioxidant Defenses Allied to Hyperlocomotion in Middle-Aged C57BL/6 Female Mice. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2868-2883. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Şahin TD, Gocmez SS, Duruksu G, Yazir Y, Utkan T. Infliximab prevents dysfunction of the vas deferens by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with chronic stress. Life Sci 2020; 250:117545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To gather data from studies evaluating the pro-inflammatory profile of individuals with resistant hypertension (RH), and bring a clinical update of new and potential complementary therapies to treat inflammation in RH. RECENT FINDINGS Increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines are related to elevated blood pressure and target organ damage in RH patients. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that some biological therapies, especially TNF-α inhibitors, regulated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with improvements in clinical outcomes, although they are not yet reported in RH. New emerging therapies to treat inflammation in RH, although promising, are still hypotheses that have not been scientifically confirmed in clinical trials. For this reason, inflammation-target treatments, such as the TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors, should be encouraged for testing as complementary therapies in RH in order to elucidate their potential benefits.
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Abdelrahman AM, Al Suleimani YM, Manoj P, Ashique M, Ali BH, Schupp N. Effect of infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:121-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kubacka M, Kotańska M, Szafarz M, Pociecha K, Waszkielewicz AM, Marona H, Filipek B, Mogilski S. Beneficial effects of non-quinazoline α 1-adrenolytics on hypertension and altered metabolism in fructose-fed rats. A comparison with prazosin. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:751-760. [PMID: 31133498 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance and hypertension is often caused by excessive fructose consumption. Treatment of hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome is a difficult task as many antihypertensive drugs have adverse effects on the metabolic profile. We investigated if MH-76 and MH-79, non-quinazoline α1-adrenoceptor antagonists with an additional ability to stimulate NO/cGMP/K+ pathway, ameliorates metabolic syndrome in fructose-fed rats. As reference compound prazosin was used. METHODS AND RESULTS Male rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8) and studied for 18 weeks: group control: standard diet and drinking water; group Fructose: high-fructose diet (20% fructose in drinking water); groups Fructose + MH-76, Fructose + MH-79, Fructose + prazosin: high-fructose diet with subsequent MH-76, MH-79 (5 mg/kg/day ip) or prazosin (0.2 mg/kg/day ip) treatment 12 weeks later. In addition to their antihypertensive effect, the studied compounds reversed endothelial dysfunction, decreased hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, as well as prevented abdominal adiposity. Moreover, MH-76 reduced insulin resistance and decreased TNF-α concentration and lipid peroxidation in adipose tissue. Prazosin treatment exerted an antihypertensive effect, reduced hyperglycemia but did not improve endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and abdominal adiposity. The lower efficacy of prazosin may be the result of its short half-time and the lack of described pleiotropic effects. CONCLUSIONS α1-adrenoceptor blockade, endothelial protection, TNF-α suppressing and antioxidant activity together with favorable pharmacokinetic parameters determines high efficacy of MH-76, leading to the effective improvement of hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances in metabolic syndrome. The use of non-quinazoline, multiple-targeted α1-blockers may be an interesting option for treatment of hypertension with metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Abdelrahman AM, Al Suleimani Y, Shalaby A, Ashique M, Manoj P, Ali BH. Effect of tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 inhibitor, on early stage streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1005-13. [PMID: 31025143 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were distributed into six groups and treated for 4 weeks. Groups 1, 3, 5 received either saline, tocilizumab (2 mg/kg), or tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally (i.p.), every 2 weeks, respectively. Groups 2, 4, 6 were rendered diabetic by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and were treated as in groups 1, 3, 5, respectively. Biochemical parameters were measured in plasma, urine, and kidneys. In the untreated diabetic group, there was a significant decrease in body weight, polyuria, and increased kidney weight. There was increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)/creatinine ratio (UNCR). Streptozotocin also induced a significant increase in creatinine clearance. In addition, diabetes was associated with increased oxidative stress [reduced renal glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and increased malondialdhyde (MDA)] and increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Kidneys from streptozotocin-treated rats showed marked vacuolation of the proximal tubular epithelium with focal tubular necrosis and the glomeruli showing increase in mesangial cells. Tocilizumab significantly mitigated the increase in UACR and UNCR, renal MDA, plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and NO levels, and the decrease in renal SOD and catalase activities in diabetic rats. Tocilizumab did not significantly improve creatinine clearance; however, it attenuated the histopathological changes induced by streptozotocin. This study shows that tocilizumab was able to ameliorate some of the changes seen in streptozotocin-induced early diabetic nephropathy in rats. This is mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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Klevay LM. Adding fructose to diets of animals can induce copper deficiency. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:402. [PMID: 30594778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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