1
|
Amyx-Sherer K, Reichhardt C. Challenges and opportunities in elucidating the structures of biofilm exopolysaccharides: A case study of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharide called Pel. Magn Reson Chem 2024; 62:361-369. [PMID: 37919227 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation protects bacteria from antibiotic treatment and host immune responses, making biofilm infections difficult to treat. Within biofilms, bacterial cells are entangled in a self-produced extracellular matrix that typically includes exopolysaccharides. Molecular-level descriptions of biofilm matrix components, especially exopolysaccharides, have been challenging to attain due to their complex nature and lack of solubility and crystallinity. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a key tool to determine the structure of biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides without degradative sample preparation. In this review, we discuss challenges of studying biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides and opportunities to develop solid-state NMR approaches to study these generally intractable materials. We specifically highlight investigations of the exopolysaccharide called Pel made by the opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We provide a roadmap for determining exopolysaccharide structure and discuss future opportunities to study such systems using solid-state NMR. The strategies discussed for elucidating biofilm exopolysaccharide structure should be broadly applicable to studying the structures of other glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Amyx-Sherer
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Courtney Reichhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guerreiro BM, Concórdio-Reis P, Pericão H, Martins F, Moppert X, Guézennec J, Lima JC, Silva JC, Freitas F. Elevated fucose content enhances the cryoprotective performance of anionic polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129577. [PMID: 38246459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Biological cryopreservation often involves using a cryoprotective agent (CPA) to mitigate lethal physical stressors cells endure during freezing and thawing, but effective CPA concentrations are cytotoxic. Hence, natural polysaccharides have been studied as biocompatible alternatives. Here, a subset of 26 natural polysaccharides of various chemical composition was probed for their potential in enhancing the metabolic post-thaw viability (PTV) of cryopreserved Vero cells. The best performing cryoprotective polysaccharides contained significant fucose amounts, resulting in average PTV 2.8-fold (up to 3.1-fold) compared to 0.8-fold and 2.2-fold for all non-cryoprotective and cryoprotective polysaccharides, respectively, outperforming the optimized commercial CryoStor™ CS5 formulation (2.6-fold). Stoichiometrically, a balance between fucose (18-35.7 mol%), uronic acids (UA) (13.5-26 mol%) and high molecular weight (MW > 1 MDa) generated optimal PTV. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that fucose enhances cell survival by a charge-independent, MW-scaling mechanism (PC1), drastically different from the charge-dominated ice growth disruption of UA (PC2). Its neutral nature and unique properties distinguishable from other neutral monomers suggest fucose may play a passive role in conformational adaptability of polysaccharide to ice growth inhibition, or an active role in cell membrane stabilization through binding. Ultimately, fucose-rich anionic polysaccharides may indulge in polymer-ice and polymer-cell interactions that actively disrupt ice and minimize lethal volumetric fluctuations due to a balanced hydrophobic-hydrophilic character. Our research showed the critical role neutral fucose plays in enhancing cellular cryopreservation outcomes, disputing previous assumptions of polyanionicity being the sole governing predictor of cryoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Guerreiro
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Helena Pericão
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Martins
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Xavier Moppert
- Pacific Biotech SAS, BP 140 289, 98 701 Arue, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Jean Guézennec
- AiMB (Advices in Marine Biotechnology), 17 Rue d'Ouessant, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - João C Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Jorge C Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lakra U, Sharma SR. Production of exopolysaccharides from Bacillus licheniformis, a thermophilic bacteria from hot spring of Jharkhand. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:819-828. [PMID: 37074678 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2202396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermophiles are the microorganisms which thrive under extreme conditions such as high temperature, making them significant for scientific interest. This study provides information based on isolation of thermophilic strain from Surajkund and Ramkund, hot spring of Jharkhand at 50, 60 and 70 °C. Two of the best isolates were used for the extraction of exopolysaccharides. Additionally, the lyophilized product obtained was further analyzed for protein and total sugar estimation. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of different functional groups such as hydroxyl, C-H stretching, vibration of aliphatic CH2 and glycosidic linkage, thus proving the product obtained from bacteria was an exopolysaccharides The FESEM analysis of exopolysaccharides show varying surface morphology that is from porous to globular structure. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, the isolates from Surajkund (ON795919) and Ramkund (ON795916) were different strains of Bacillus licheniformis. This is the first report on exopolysaccharide secreting thermophilic strain from these hot springs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usha Lakra
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubha Rani Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng J, Wang Y, Wei H, He L, Hu C, Cheng S, Ji W, Liu Y, Wang S, Huang X, Jiang Y, Han S, Xing Y, Wang B. Fermentation-mediated variations in structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127463. [PMID: 37852397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the structure and activities of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg fermented by Sanghuangporus sanghuang fungi were investigated. Compare with the unfermented polysaccharide (THDP2), the major monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of polysaccharide after fermentation (F-THDP2) altered dramatically, which caused galactose-induced conversion from glucose and one-third of molecular weight. F-THDP2 had a molecular weight of 1.23 × 104 Da. Moreover, the glycosidic linkage of F-THDP2 varied significantly, a 1, 2-linked α-d-Galp and 1, 2-linked α-d-Manp backbone was established in F-THDP2, which differed from that of 1, 4-linked α-d-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-d-Galp in THDP2. In addition, F-THDP2 showed a more flexible chain conformation than that of THDP2 in aqueous solution. Strikingly, F-THDP2 exhibited superior inhibitory effects on HeLa cells via Fas/FasL-mediated Caspase-3 signaling pathways than that of the original polysaccharide. These variations in both structure and biological activities indicated that fermentation-mediated modification by Sanghuangporus sanghuang might a promising novel method for the effective conversion of starch and other polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg into highly bioactive biomacromolecules, which could be developed as a potential technology for use in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hailong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Chuanjiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shiming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Weiwei Ji
- Huzhou Liangxi Forest Park Management Office, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sheping Wang
- Forestry and Water Conservancy Bureau of Changshan County, Changshan 324200, China
| | - Xubo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China; Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Sufang Han
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yiqi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China; Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Baohui Wang
- Zhejiang hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310060, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaşar Yıldız S, Radchenkova N. Exploring Extremophiles from Bulgaria: Biodiversity, Biopolymer Synthesis, Functional Properties, Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 38201734 PMCID: PMC10780585 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bulgaria stands out as a country rich in diverse extreme environments, boasting a remarkable abundance of mineral hot waters, which positions it as the second-largest source of such natural resources in Europe. Notably, several thermal and coastal solar salterns within its territory serve as thriving habitats for thermophilic and halophilic microorganisms, which offer promising bioactive compounds, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Multiple thermophilic EPS producers were isolated, along with a selection from several saltern environments, revealing an impressive taxonomic and bacterial diversity. Four isolates from three different thermophilic species, Geobacillus tepidamans V264, Aeribacillus pallidus 418, Brevibacillus thermoruber 423, and Brevibacillus thermoruber 438, along with the halophilic strain Chromohalobacter canadensis 28, emerged as promising candidates for further exploration. Optimization of cultivation media and conditions was conducted for each EPS producer. Additionally, investigations into the influence of aeration and stirring in laboratory bioreactors provided valuable insights into growth dynamics and polymer synthesis. The synthesized biopolymers showed excellent emulsifying properties, emulsion stability, and synergistic interaction with other hydrocolloids. Demonstrated biological activities and functional properties pave the way for potential future applications in diverse fields, with particular emphasis on cosmetics and medicine. The remarkable versatility and efficacy of biopolymers offer opportunities for innovation and development in different industrial sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songül Yaşar Yıldız
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nadja Radchenkova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Satari L, Torrent D, Ortega-Legarreta A, Latorre-Pérez A, Pascual J, Porcar M, Iglesias A. A laboratory ice machine as a cold oligotrophic artificial microbial niche for biodiscovery. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22089. [PMID: 38086912 PMCID: PMC10716499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitously distributed in nature and usually appear as biofilms attached to a variety of surfaces. Here, we report the development of a thick biofilm in the drain pipe of several standard laboratory ice machines, and we describe and characterise, through culture-dependent and -independent techniques, the composition of this oligotrophic microbial community. By using culturomics, 25 different microbial strains were isolated and taxonomically identified. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla in the sample, followed by Acidobacteriota and Planctomycetota, while ITS high-throughput sequencing uncovered the fungal community was clearly dominated by the presence of a yet-unidentified genus from the Didymellaceae family. Alpha and beta diversity comparisons of the ice machine microbial community against that of other similar cold oligotrophic and/or artificial environments revealed a low similarity between samples, highlighting the ice machine could be considered a cold and oligotrophic niche with a unique selective pressure for colonisation of particular microorganisms. The recovery and analysis of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) yielded a strikingly high rate of new species. The functional profiling of the metagenome sequences uncovered the presence of proteins involved in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and fimbriae biosynthesis and also allowed us to detect the key proteins involved in the cold adaptation mechanisms and oligotrophic metabolic pathways. The metabolic functions in the recovered MAGs confirmed that all MAGs have the genes involved in psychrophilic protein biosynthesis. In addition, the highest number of genes for EPS biosynthesis was presented in MAGs associated with the genus Sphingomonas, which was also recovered by culture-based method. Further, the MAGs with the highest potential gene number for oligotrophic protein production were closely affiliated with the genera Chryseoglobus and Mycobacterium. Our results reveal the surprising potential of a cold oligotrophic microecosystem within a machine as a source of new microbial taxa and provide the scientific community with clues about which microorganisms are able to colonise this ecological niche and what physiological mechanisms they develop. These results pave the way to understand how and why certain microorganisms can colonise similar anthropogenic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Satari
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Porcar
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence S.L., Paterna, Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Paterna, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun X, Guo R, Zhan T, Kou Y, Ma X, Song H, Song L, Li X, Zhang H, Xie F, Song Z, Yuan C, Wu Y. Self-assembly of tamarind seed polysaccharide via enzymatic depolymerization and degalactosylation enhanced ice recrystallization inhibition activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126352. [PMID: 37598826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are becoming potential candidates for developing food-grade cryoprotectants due to their extensive accessibility and health-promoting effects. However, unremarkable ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity and high viscosity limit their practical applications in some systems. Our previous study found a galactoxyloglucan polysaccharide from tamarind seed (TSP) showing moderate IRI activity. Herein, the enhancement of the IRI performance of TSP via enzymatic depolymerization and degalactosylation-induced self-assembly was reported. TSP was depolymerized and subsequently removed ∼40 % Gal, which induced the formation of supramolecular rod-like fiber self-assembles and exhibited a severalfold enhancement of IRI. Ice shaping assay did not show obvious faceting of ice crystals, indicating that both depolymerized and self-assembled TSP showed very weak binding to ice. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the absence of molecular complementarity with ice. Further, it highlighted that degalactosylation did not cause significant changes in local hydration properties of TSP from the view of a single oligomer. The inconsistency between molecular simulation and macroscopic IRI effect proposed that the formation of unique supramolecular self-assemblies may be a key requirement for enhancing IRI activity. The findings of this study provided a new opportunity to enhance the applied potential of natural polysaccharides in food cryoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Taijie Zhan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuxing Kou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xujiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fan Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zibo Song
- Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Chunmei Yuan
- Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nowak JS, Otzen DE. Helping proteins come in from the cold: 5 burning questions about cold-active enzymes. BBA Adv 2023; 5:100104. [PMID: 38162634 PMCID: PMC10755280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes from psychrophilic (cold-loving) organisms have attracted considerable interest over the past decades for their potential in various low-temperature industrial processes. However, we still lack large-scale commercialization of their activities. Here, we review their properties, limitations and potential. Our review is structured around answers to 5 central questions: 1. How do cold-active enzymes achieve high catalytic rates at low temperatures? 2. How is protein flexibility connected to cold-activity? 3. What are the sequence-based and structural determinants for cold-activity? 4. How does the thermodynamic stability of psychrophilic enzymes reflect their cold-active capabilities? 5. How do we effectively identify novel cold-active enzymes, and can we apply them in an industrial context? We conclude that emerging screening technologies combined with big-data handling and analysis make it reasonable to expect a bright future for our understanding and exploitation of cold-active enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stanislaw Nowak
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK – 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK – 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benhadda F, Zykwinska A, Colliec-Jouault S, Sinquin C, Thollas B, Courtois A, Fuzzati N, Toribio A, Delbarre-Ladrat C. Marine versus Non-Marine Bacterial Exopolysaccharides and Their Skincare Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:582. [PMID: 37999406 PMCID: PMC10672628 DOI: 10.3390/md21110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are well-known to synthesize high molecular weight polysaccharides excreted in extracellular domain, which constitute their protective microenvironment. Several bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are commercially available for skincare applications in cosmetic products due to their unique structural features, conferring valuable biological and/or textural properties. This review aims to give an overview of bacterial EPS, an important group of macromolecules used in cosmetics as actives and functional ingredients. For this purpose, the main chemical characteristics of EPS are firstly described, followed by the basics of the development of cosmetic ingredients. Then, a focus on EPS production, including upstream and downstream processes, is provided. The diversity of EPS used in the cosmetic industry, and more specifically of marine-derived EPS is highlighted. Marine bacteria isolated from extreme environments are known to produce EPS. However, their production processes are highly challenging due to high or low temperatures; yield must be improved to reach economically viable ingredients. The biological properties of marine-derived EPS are then reviewed, resulting in the highlight of the challenges in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Benhadda
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
- CHANEL Fragrance and Beauty, F-93500 Pantin, France; (N.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Agata Zykwinska
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Sylvia Colliec-Jouault
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Corinne Sinquin
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
| | | | | | - Nicola Fuzzati
- CHANEL Fragrance and Beauty, F-93500 Pantin, France; (N.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Alix Toribio
- CHANEL Fragrance and Beauty, F-93500 Pantin, France; (N.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Christine Delbarre-Ladrat
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kingkaew E, Konno H, Hosaka Y, Tanasupawat S. Probiogenomic Analysis of Lactiplantibacillus sp. LM14-2 from Fermented Mussel (Hoi-dong), and Evaluation of its Cholesterol-lowering and Immunomodulation Effects. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1206-1220. [PMID: 35987935 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus sp. LM14-2, isolated from Thai-fermented mussel (Hoi-dong), showed attractive probiotic properties. This strain was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genetic characteristics including whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The draft genome sequence was analyzed and annotated for the molecular mechanisms involved in the safety assessment, the adaptation and adhesion of L. plantarum LM14-2 to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and the beneficial genes involved in bacteria-host interactions. The L. plantarum LM14-2 exhibited bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, assimilated cholesterol at 86.07 ± 5.03%, stimulated the secretion of interleukin-12, interferon-gamma, and human beta defensin-2, and induced nitric oxide production. In addition, L. plantarum LM14-2 showed excellent gastrointestinal tolerance and adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, the in silico analysis showed that L. plantarum LM14-2 was a non-human pathogen and did not contain antibiotic resistance genes or plasmids. L. plantarum LM14-2 also contained potential genes associated with various probiotic characteristics and health-promoting effects. Consequently, this study suggested that L. plantarum LM14-2 could be considered safe, with potential probiotic properties and health-promoting impacts, which could facilitate its probiotic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Engkarat Kingkaew
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Konno
- Akita Konno CO., LTD., 248 Aza Kariwano, Daisen-shi, Akita, 019-2112, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Hosaka
- Akita Konno CO., LTD., 248 Aza Kariwano, Daisen-shi, Akita, 019-2112, Japan
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramasamy KP, Mahawar L, Rajasabapathy R, Rajeshwari K, Miceli C, Pucciarelli S. Comprehensive insights on environmental adaptation strategies in Antarctic bacteria and biotechnological applications of cold adapted molecules. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197797. [PMID: 37396361 PMCID: PMC10312091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change and the induced environmental disturbances is one of the major threats that have a strong impact on bacterial communities in the Antarctic environment. To cope with the persistent extreme environment and inhospitable conditions, psychrophilic bacteria are thriving and displaying striking adaptive characteristics towards severe external factors including freezing temperature, sea ice, high radiation and salinity which indicates their potential in regulating climate change's environmental impacts. The review illustrates the different adaptation strategies of Antarctic microbes to changing climate factors at the structural, physiological and molecular level. Moreover, we discuss the recent developments in "omics" approaches to reveal polar "blackbox" of psychrophiles in order to gain a comprehensive picture of bacterial communities. The psychrophilic bacteria synthesize distinctive cold-adapted enzymes and molecules that have many more industrial applications than mesophilic ones in biotechnological industries. Hence, the review also emphasizes on the biotechnological potential of psychrophilic enzymes in different sectors and suggests the machine learning approach to study cold-adapted bacteria and engineering the industrially important enzymes for sustainable bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Raju Rajasabapathy
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sannino C, Borruso L, Mezzasoma A, Turchetti B, Ponti S, Buzzini P, Mimmo T, Guglielmin M. The Unusual Dominance of the Yeast Genus Glaciozyma in the Deeper Layer in an Antarctic Permafrost Core (Adélie Cove, Northern Victoria Land) Is Driven by Elemental Composition. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040435. [PMID: 37108890 PMCID: PMC10145851 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rock glaciers are relatively common in Antarctic permafrost areas and could be considered postglacial cryogenic landforms. Although the extensive presence of rock glaciers, their chemical–physical and biotic composition remain scarce. Chemical–physical parameters and fungal community (by sequencing the ITS2 rDNA, Illumina MiSeq) parameters of a permafrost core were studied. The permafrost core, reaching a depth of 6.10 m, was divided into five units based on ice content. The five units (U1–U5) of the permafrost core exhibited several significant (p < 0.05) differences in terms of chemical and physical characteristics, and significant (p < 0.05) higher values of Ca, K, Li, Mg, Mn, S, and Sr were found in U5. Yeasts dominated on filamentous fungi in all the units of the permafrost core; additionally, Ascomycota was the prevalent phylum among filamentous forms, while Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum among yeasts. Surprisingly, in U5 the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to the yeast genus Glaciozyma represented about two-thirds of the total reads. This result may be considered extremely rare in Antarctic yeast diversity, especially in permafrost habitats. Based on of the chemical–physical composition of the units, the dominance of Glaciozyma in the deepest unit was correlated with the elemental composition of the core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Sannino
- Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ambra Mezzasoma
- Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ponti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ozel C, Apaydin E, Sariboyaci AE, Tamayol A, Avci H. A multifunctional sateen woven dressings for treatment of skin injuries. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 224:113197. [PMID: 36822118 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds with impaired healing such as diabetic ulcers and burns constitute major and rapidly growing threat to healthcare systems worldwide. Accelerating wound healing requires the delivery of biological factors that induce angiogenesis, support cellular proliferation, and modulate inflammation while minimizing infection. In this study, we engineered a dressing made by weaving of composite fibers (CFs) carrying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a model antibiotic using a scalable sateen textile technique. In this regard, two different sets of CFs carrying MSCs or an antimicrobial agent were used to generate a multifunctional dressing. According to cell viability and metabolic activity as CCK-8 and live/dead with qRT-PCR results, more than %90 the encapsulated MSCs remain viable for 28 days and their expression levels of the wound repair factors including ECM remodeling, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory maintained in MSCs post dressing manufacturing for 14 days. Post 10 days culture of the dressing, MSCs within CFs had 10-fold higher collagen synthesis (p < 0.0001) determined by hydroxyproline assay which indicates the enhanced healing properties. According to in vitro antimicrobial activity results determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution tests, the first day and the total amount of release gentamicin loaded dressing samples during the 28 days were higher than determined minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values for S. aureus and K. pneumonia without negatively impacting the viability and functionality of encapsulated MSCs within the dressing. The dressing is also flexible and can conform to skin curvatures making the dressing suitable for the treatment of different skin injuries such as burns and diabetic ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Ozel
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Elif Apaydin
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Ayla Eker Sariboyaci
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey; Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center (TATUM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferheen I, Ahmed Z, Alonazi WB, Pessina A, Ibrahim M, Pucciarelli S, Bokhari H. Diverse Repertoire and Relationship of Exopolysaccharide Genes in Cold-Adapted Acinetobacter sp. CUI-P1 Revealed by Comparative Genome Analysis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040885. [PMID: 37110308 PMCID: PMC10143279 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the exploration of microbial communities inhabiting extreme cold environments, such as the Passu and Pisan glaciers of Pakistan, and their potential utilization in industrial applications. Among the 25 initially screened strains, five were found to be suitable candidates for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, with strain CUI-P1 displaying the highest yield of 7230.5 mg/L compared to the other four strains. The purified EPS from CUI-P1 was tested for its ability to protect probiotic bacteria and E. coli expressing green fluorescence protein (HriGFP) against extreme cold temperatures, and it exhibited excellent cryoprotectant and emulsification activity, highlighting its potential use in the biotechnological industry. Furthermore, the genome of Acinetobacter sp., CUI-P1 comprised 199 contigs, with a genome size of 10,493,143bp and a G + C content of 42%, and showed 98.197% nucleotide identity to the type genome of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978. These findings offer promising avenues for the application of EPS as a cryoprotectant, an essential tool in modern biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Ferheen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Environmental Design, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wadi B Alonazi
- Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Pessina
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 55000, Pakistan
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 47150, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Besrour-Aouam N, de Los Rios V, Hernández-Alcántara AM, Mohedano ML, Najjari A, López P, Ouzari HI. Proteomic and in silico analyses of dextran synthesis influence on Leuconostoc lactis AV1n adaptation to temperature change. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1077375. [PMID: 36713162 PMCID: PMC9875047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1077375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc lactis is found in vegetables, fruits, and meat and is used by the food industry in the preparation of dairy products, wines, and sugars. We have previously demonstrated that the dextransucrase of Lc. lactis (DsrLL) AV1n produces a high-molecular-weight dextran from sucrose, indicating its potential use as a dextran-forming starter culture. We have also shown that this bacterium was able to produce 10-fold higher levels of dextran at 20°C than at 37°C, at the former temperature accompanied by an increase in dsrLL gene expression. However, the general physiological response of Lc. lactis AV1n to cold temperature in the presence of sucrose, leading to increased production of dextran, has not been yet investigated. Therefore, we have used a quantitative proteomics approach to investigate the cold temperature-induced changes in the proteomic profile of this strain in comparison to its proteomic response at 37°C. In total, 337 proteins were found to be differentially expressed at the applied significance criteria (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR 5%, and with a fold-change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67) with 204 proteins overexpressed, among which 13% were involved in protein as well as cell wall, and envelope component biosynthesis including DsrLL. Proteins implicated in cold stress were expressed at a high level at 20°C and possibly play a role in the upregulation of DsrLL, allowing the efficient synthesis of the protein essential for its adaptation to cold. Post-transcriptional regulation of DsrLL expression also seems to take place through the interplay of exonucleases and endonucleases overexpressed at 20°C, which would influence the half-life of the dsrLL transcript. Furthermore, the mechanism of cold resistance of Lc. lactis AV1n seems to be also based on energy saving through a decrease in growth rate mediated by a decrease in carbohydrate metabolism and its orientation toward the production pathways for storage molecules. Thus, this better understanding of the responses to low temperature and mechanisms for environmental adaptation of Lc. lactis could be exploited for industrial use of strains belonging to this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norhane Besrour-Aouam
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vivian de Los Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mᵃ Luz Mohedano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Afef Najjari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Paloma López
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Paloma López,
| | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia,Hadda-Imene Ouzari,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng J, Wang Y, Song J, Liu Y, Ji W, He L, Wei H, Hu C, Jiang Y, Xing Y, Huang X, Ding H, He Q. Characterization, immunostimulatory and antitumor activities of a β-galactoglucofurannan from cultivated Sanghuangporus vaninii under forest. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1058131. [PMID: 36618684 PMCID: PMC9812957 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1058131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A biomacromolecule, named as β-galactoglucofurannan (SVPS2), was isolated from the cultivated parts of Sanghuangporus vaninii under the forest. Its primary and advanced structure was analyzed by a series of techniques including GC-MS, methylation, NMR, MALS as well as AFM. The results indicated that SVPS2 was a kind of 1, 5-linked β-Glucofurannan consisting of β-glucose, β-galactose and α-fucose with 23.4 KDa. It exhibited a single-stranded chain with an average height of 0.72 nm in saline solution. The immunostimulation test indicated SVPS2 could facilitate the initiation of the immune reaction and promote the secretion of cytokines in vitro. Moreover, SVPS2 could mediate the apoptosis of HT-29 cells by blocking them in S phase. Western blot assay revealed an upregulation of Bax, Cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 by SVPS2, accompanied by a downregulation of Bcl-2. These results collectively demonstrate that antitumor mechanism of SVPS2 may be associated with enhancing immune response and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro. Therefore, SVPS2 might be utilized as a promising therapeutic agent against colon cancer and functional food with immunomodulatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiling Song
- Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Ji
- Huzhou Liangxi Forest Park Management Office, Huzhou, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Liang He ✉
| | - Hailong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China,Hailong Wei ✉
| | - Chuanjiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China,School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China,School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xubo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Center of Forecasting and Analysis, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghai He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu X, Qiu Y, Chen C, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yao F, Zhang H, Li J. Polysaccharide-Derived Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors with a Modular Design: The Case of Dextran-Based Graft Polymers. Langmuir 2022; 38:14097-14108. [PMID: 36342971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization inhibitors inspired from antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are receiving increasing interest for cryobiology and other extreme environment applications. Here, we present a modular strategy to develop polysaccharide-derived biomimetics, and detailed studies were performed in the case of dextran. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) which has been termed as one of the most potent biomimetics of AFPs was grafted onto dextran via thiol-ene click chemistry (Dex-g-PVA). This demonstrated that Dex-g-PVA is effective in IRI and its activity increases with the degree of polymerization (DP) (sizes of ice crystals were 18.846 ± 1.759 and 9.700 ± 1.920 μm with DPs of 30 and 80, respectively) and fraction of PVA. By means of the dynamic ice shaping (DIS) assay, Dex-g-PVA is found to engage on the ice crystal surfaces, thus the ice affinity accounts for their IRI activity. In addition, Dex- g-PVA displayed enhanced IRI activity compared to that of equivalent PVA alone. We speculate that the hydrophilic nature of dextran would derive PVA in a stretch conformation that favors ice binding. The modular design can not only offer polysaccharides IRI activity but also favor the ice-binding behavior of PVA.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun X, Guo R, Kou Y, Song H, Zhan T, Wu J, Song L, Zhang H, Xie F, Wang J, Song Z, Wu Y. Inhibition of ice recrystallization by tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed polysaccharide and molecular weight effects. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Halder U, Mazumder K, Kumar KJ, Bandopadhyay R. Structural insight into a glucomannan-type extracellular polysaccharide produced by a marine Bacillus altitudinis SORB11 from Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16322. [PMID: 36175467 PMCID: PMC9523031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by a deep-sea, psychrotolerant Bacillus altitudinis SORB11 was evaluated by considering physiochemical nature and structural constituents. The productivity of crude EPS was measured ~ 13.17 g L-1. The surface topography of the crude EPS showed a porous, webbed structure along with a branched coil-like configuration. The crystalline crude EPS contained a high amount of sulfur. Further, the crude EPS was subjected for purification. The molecular weight of purified EPS was determined ~ 9.8 × 104 Da. The purified EPS was appeared to show glucomannan-like configuration that is composed of → 4)-β-Manp-(1 → and → 4)-β-Glcp-(1 → residues. So, this polysaccharide was comparable to the structure of plant-derived glucomannan. Subsequently, EPS biosynthesis protein clusters like EpsC, EpsD, EpsE, and glycosyltransferase family proteins were predicted from the genome of strain SORB11, which may provide an insight into the production of glucomannan-type of polysaccharide. This low molecular weight linear form of glucomannan-type EPS might be involved to form a network-like unattached aggregation, and helps in cell-to-cell interaction in deep-sea microbial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Halder
- Microbiology Section, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Koushik Mazumder
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140308, India
| | - K Jayaram Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- Microbiology Section, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qi M, Zheng C, Wu W, Yu G, Wang P. Exopolysaccharides from Marine Microbes: Source, Structure and Application. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080512. [PMID: 36005515 PMCID: PMC9409974 DOI: 10.3390/md20080512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique living environment of marine microorganisms endows them with the potential to produce novel chemical compounds with various biological activities. Among them, the exopolysaccharides produced by marine microbes are an important factor for them to survive in these extreme environments. Up to now, exopolysaccharides from marine microbes, especially from extremophiles, have attracted more and more attention due to their structural complexity, biodegradability, biological activities, and biocompatibility. With the development of culture and separation methods, an increasing number of novel exopolysaccharides are being found and investigated. Here, the source, structure and biological activities of exopolysaccharides, as well as their potential applications in environmental restoration fields of the last decade are summarized, indicating the commercial potential of these versatile EPS in different areas, such as food, cosmetic, and biomedical industries, and also in environmental remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Caijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (G.Y.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-021-61900388 (W.W.); +86-0532-8203-1609 (G.Y.); +86-021-61900388 (P.W.)
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (G.Y.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-021-61900388 (W.W.); +86-0532-8203-1609 (G.Y.); +86-021-61900388 (P.W.)
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (G.Y.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-021-61900388 (W.W.); +86-0532-8203-1609 (G.Y.); +86-021-61900388 (P.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Cryopreservation of cells and biologics underpins all biomedical research from routine sample storage to emerging cell-based therapies, as well as ensuring cell banks provide authenticated, stable and consistent cell products. This field began with the discovery and wide adoption of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectants over 60 years ago, but these tools do not work for all cells and are not ideal for all workflows. In this Review, we highlight and critically review the approaches to discover, and apply, new chemical tools for cryopreservation. We summarize the key (and complex) damage pathways during cellular cryopreservation and how each can be addressed. Bio-inspired approaches, such as those based on extremophiles, are also discussed. We describe both small-molecule-based and macromolecular-based strategies, including ice binders, ice nucleators, ice nucleation inhibitors and emerging materials whose exact mechanism has yet to be understood. Finally, looking towards the future of the field, the application of bottom-up molecular modelling, library-based discovery approaches and materials science tools, which are set to transform cryopreservation strategies, are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin S, Wang Y, Zhao X. Cold-adaptive mechanism of psychrophilic bacteria in food and its application. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105652. [PMID: 35753601 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychrophilic bacteria are a type of microorganisms that normally grow in low-temperature environments. They are usually found in extremely cold environments. However, as people's demand for low-temperature storage of food becomes higher, psychrophilic bacteria have also begun to appear in cold storage and refrigerators, which has become a food safety hazard. In this paper, the optimal cooling strategies of psychrophilic bacteria are reviewed from the aspects of the cell membrane, psychrophilic enzymes, antifreeze proteins, cold shock proteins, gene regulation, metabolic levels and antifreeze agents, and the principle of psychrophilic mechanism is briefly described. The application of thermophilic bacteria and its products adapted to cold environments in food fields are analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to provide ideas for future research on psychrophilic bacteria based on the mechanism and application of psychrophilic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yizhe Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Xihong Zhao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ng JY, Tan KYF, Ee PLR. Sugar-Assisted Cryopreservation of Stem Cell-Laden Gellan Gum-Collagen Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2803-2813. [PMID: 35675906 PMCID: PMC9277585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tissue engineering
involves the transplantation of stem cell-laden
hydrogels as synthetic constructs to replace damaged tissues. However,
their time-consuming fabrication procedures are hurdles to widespread
application in clinics. Fortunately, similar to cell banking, synthetic
tissues could be cryopreserved for subsequent central distribution.
Here, we report the use of trehalose and gellan gum as biomacromolecules
to form a cryopreservable yet directly implantable hydrogel system
for adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) delivery. Through a modified
cell encapsulation method and a preincubation step, adequate cryoprotection
was afforded at 0.75 M trehalose to the encapsulated ADSCs. At this
concentration, trehalose demonstrated lower propensity to induce apoptosis
than 10% DMSO, the current gold standard cryoprotectant. Moreover,
when cultured along with trehalose after thawing, the encapsulated
ADSCs retained their stem cell-like phenotype and osteogenic differentiation
capacity. Taken together, this study demonstrates the feasibility
of an “off-the-shelf” biomacromolecule-based synthetic
tissue to be applied in widespread tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S9, Level 15, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Kee Ying Fremi Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S9, Level 15, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Pui Lai Rachel Ee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S9, Level 15, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao A, Shi P, Yang R, Gu Z, Jiang D, Wang P. Isolation of novel wheat bran antifreeze polysaccharides and the cryoprotective effect on frozen dough quality. Food Hydrocoll 2022; 125:107446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Casillo A, D’Angelo C, Parrilli E, Tutino ML, Corsaro MM. Membrane and Extracellular Matrix Glycopolymers of Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H: Structural Changes at Different Growth Temperatures. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820714. [PMID: 35283851 PMCID: PMC8914368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H is a marine Gram-negative psychrophile; it was isolated from Arctic marine sediments, but it is considered cosmopolitan in cold environments. This microorganism is considered a model to study adaptive strategies to sub-zero temperatures, and its lifestyle has been the object of numerous studies. In the last few years, we focused our studies on the glycoconjugates produced by C. psychrerythraea 34H at 4°C, resulting in the isolation and characterization of very interesting molecules. It produces an unusual lipooligosaccharide molecule and both capsular and medium released polysaccharides. In this study, we described the response of these glycoconjugates in terms of production and chemical structure produced by C. psychrerythraea 34H grown in planktonic conditions at −2, 4, and 8°C. The glycopolymers have been detected by chemical methods and spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, the glycopolymer content of the biofilm matrix of C. psychrerythraea 34H has been evaluated, through confocal microscopy and glycosyl analysis. The results highlighted that C. psychrerythraea 34H adjusts both the production and the typology of its glyconjugates in response to temperature fluctuations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Di Guida R, Casillo A, Stellavato A, Kawai S, Ogawa T, Di Meo C, Kawamoto J, Kurihara T, Schiraldi C, Corsaro MM. Capsular polysaccharide from a fish-gut bacterium induces/promotes apoptosis of colon cancer cells in vitro through Caspases' pathway activation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118908. [PMID: 34973729 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Among the widespread malignancies colorectal cancer is the most lethal. Treatments of this malignant tumor include surgery for lesions and metastases, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, novel therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality are demanding. Natural products, such as polysaccharides, can be a valuable alternative to sometimes very toxic chemotherapeutical agents, also because they are biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials. Microbial polysaccharides have been demonstrated to fulfill this requirement. In this paper, the results about the structure and the activity of a capsular polysaccharide isolated from the psychrotroph Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens Sq02-Rifr, newly isolated from the fish intestine, have been described. The characterization has been obtained by spectroscopic and chemical methods, and it is supported by the bioinformatic analysis. The polymer activates Caspases 3 and 9 on colon cancer cells CaCo-2 and HCT-116, indicating a promising antitumor effect, and suggesting a potential capacity of CPS to induce apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Guida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Soichiro Kawai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Celeste Di Meo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jun Kawamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Kurihara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kumar A, Mukhia S, Kumar R. Production, characterisation, and application of exopolysaccharide extracted from a glacier bacterium Mucilaginibacter sp. ERMR7:07. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
29
|
Rizvi A, Ahmed B, Khan MS, Umar S, Lee J. Psychrophilic Bacterial Phosphate-Biofertilizers: A Novel Extremophile for Sustainable Crop Production under Cold Environment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2451. [PMID: 34946053 PMCID: PMC8704983 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including low-temperature environments, adversely affect the structure, composition, and physiological activities of soil microbiomes. Also, low temperatures disturb physiological and metabolic processes, leading to major crop losses worldwide. Extreme cold temperature habitats are, however, an interesting source of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) that can ameliorate the low-temperature conditions while maintaining their physiological activities. The production of antifreeze proteins and expression of stress-induced genes at low temperatures favors the survival of such organisms during cold stress. The ability to facilitate plant growth by supplying a major plant nutrient, phosphorus, in P-deficient soil is one of the novel functional properties of cold-tolerant PSB. By contrast, plants growing under stress conditions require cold-tolerant rhizosphere bacteria to enhance their performance. To this end, the use of psychrophilic PSB formulations has been found effective in yield optimization under temperature-stressed conditions. Most of the research has been done on microbial P biofertilizers impacting plant growth under normal cultivation practices but little attention has been paid to the plant growth-promoting activities of cold-tolerant PSB on crops growing in low-temperature environments. This scientific gap formed the basis of the present manuscript and explains the rationale for the introduction of cold-tolerant PSB in competitive agronomic practices, including the mechanism of solubilization/mineralization, release of biosensor active biomolecules, molecular engineering of PSB for increasing both P solubilizing/mineralizing efficiency, and host range. The impact of extreme cold on the physiological activities of plants and how plants overcome such stresses is discussed briefly. It is time to enlarge the prospects of psychrophilic/psychrotolerant phosphate biofertilizers and take advantage of their precious, fundamental, and economical but enormous plant growth augmenting potential to ameliorate stress and facilitate crop production to satisfy the food demands of frighteningly growing human populations. The production and application of cold-tolerant P-biofertilizers will recuperate sustainable agriculture in cold adaptive agrosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Rizvi
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India; (A.R.); (S.U.)
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India; (A.R.); (S.U.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Diale MO, Kayitesi E, Serepa-Dlamini MH. Genome In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of the Probiotic Properties of a Bacterial Endophyte, Bacillus Paranthracis Strain MHSD3. Front Genet 2021; 12:672149. [PMID: 34858466 PMCID: PMC8631869 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.672149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming Bacillus species are gaining interest in human health recently, due to their ability to withstand the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study explores probiotic features of Bacillus paranthracis strain MHSD3 through genomic analysis and in vitro probiotic assays. The draft genome of strain MHSD3 contained genes associated with tolerance to gastrointestinal stress and adhesion. Cluster genes responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, bacteriocins, and linear azole-containing peptides were identified. Additionally, strain MHSD3 was able to survive in an acidic environment, had the tolerance to bile salt, and exhibited the capability to tolerate gastric juices. Moreover, the isolate was found to possess strong cell surface traits such as high auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity indices of 79 and 54%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the strain produced secondary metabolites such as amino acids, phenolic compounds, and organic acid, known to exert health-promoting properties, including the improvement of gastrointestinal tract health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamonokane Olga Diale
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Consumer and Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kumar A, Mukhia S, Kumar R. Industrial applications of cold-adapted enzymes: challenges, innovations and future perspective. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:426. [PMID: 34567931 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme cold environments are potential reservoirs of microorganisms producing unique and novel enzymes in response to environmental stress conditions. Such cold-adapted enzymes prove to be valuable tools in industrial biotechnology to meet the increasing demand for efficient biocatalysts. The inherent properties like high catalytic activity at low temperature, high specific activity and low activation energy make the cold-adapted enzymes well suited for application in various industries. The interest in this group of enzymes is expanding as they are the preferred alternatives to harsh chemical synthesis owing to their biodegradable and non-toxic nature. Irrespective of the multitude of applications, the use of cold-adapted enzymes at the industrial level is still limited. The current review presents the unique adaptive features and the role of cold-adapted enzymes in major industries like food, detergents, molecular biology and bioremediation. The review highlights the significance of omics technology i.e., metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics in enzyme bioprospection from extreme environments. It further points out the challenges in using cold-adapted enzymes at the industrial level and the innovations associated with novel enzyme prospection strategies. Documentations on cold-adapted enzymes and their applications are abundant; however, reports on the role of omics tools in exploring cold-adapted enzymes are still scarce. So, the review covers the aspect concerning the novel techniques for enzyme discovery from nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Post Box No. 06, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Srijana Mukhia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Post Box No. 06, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rakshak Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Post Box No. 06, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Garcia-Lopez E, Alcazar P, Cid C. Identification of Biomolecules Involved in the Adaptation to the Environment of Cold-Loving Microorganisms and Metabolic Pathways for Their Production. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1155. [PMID: 34439820 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-loving microorganisms of all three domains of life have unique and special abilities that allow them to live in harsh environments. They have acquired structural and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the cold that include the production of anti-freeze proteins, carbohydrate-based extracellular polymeric substances and lipids which serve as cryo- and osmoprotectants by maintaining the fluidity of their membranes. They also produce a wide diversity of pigmented molecules to obtain energy, carry out photosynthesis, increase their resistance to stress and provide them with ultraviolet light protection. Recently developed analytical techniques have been applied as high-throughoutput technologies for function discovery and for reconstructing functional networks in psychrophiles. Among them, omics deserve special mention, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. These techniques have allowed the identification of microorganisms and the study of their biogeochemical activities. They have also made it possible to infer their metabolic capacities and identify the biomolecules that are parts of their structures or that they secrete into the environment, which can be useful in various fields of biotechnology. This Review summarizes current knowledge on psychrophiles as sources of biomolecules and the metabolic pathways for their production. New strategies and next-generation approaches are needed to increase the chances of discovering new biomolecules.
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Zhu S, Yu J, Chen X, Zhang Q, Cai X, Ding Y, Zhou X, Wang S. Dual cryoprotective strategies for ice-binding and stabilizing of frozen seafood: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
35
|
Ruocco N, Esposito R, Bertolino M, Zazo G, Sonnessa M, Andreani F, Coppola D, Giordano D, Nuzzo G, Lauritano C, Fontana A, Ianora A, Verde C, Costantini M. A Metataxonomic Approach Reveals Diversified Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:173. [PMID: 33810171 PMCID: PMC8004616 DOI: 10.3390/md19030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges commonly host a repertoire of bacterial-associated organisms, which significantly contribute to their health and survival by producing several anti-predatory molecules. Many of these compounds are produced by sponge-associated bacteria and represent an incredible source of novel bioactive metabolites with biotechnological relevance. Although most investigations are focused on tropical and temperate species, to date, few studies have described the composition of microbiota hosted by Antarctic sponges and the secondary metabolites that they produce. The investigation was conducted on four sponges collected from two different sites in the framework of the XXXIV Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA) in November-December 2018. Collected species were characterized as Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) dancoi, Hemigellius pilosus and Microxina sarai by morphological analysis of spicules and amplification of four molecular markers. Metataxonomic analysis of these four Antarctic sponges revealed a considerable abundance of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. In particular, M. (Oxymycale) acerata, displayed several genera of great interest, such as Endozoicomonas, Rubritalea, Ulvibacter, Fulvivirga and Colwellia. On the other hand, the sponges H. pilosus and H. (Rhizoniera) dancoi hosted bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudhongella, Roseobacter and Bdellovibrio, whereas M. sarai was the sole species showing some strains affiliated to the genus Polaribacter. Considering that most of the bacteria identified in the present study are known to produce valuable secondary metabolites, the four Antarctic sponges could be proposed as potential tools for the discovery of novel pharmacologically active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruocco
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
| | - Roberta Esposito
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Zazo
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Michele Sonnessa
- Bio-Fab Research srl, Via Mario Beltrami, 5, 00135 Roma, Italy; (M.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Federico Andreani
- Bio-Fab Research srl, Via Mario Beltrami, 5, 00135 Roma, Italy; (M.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Daniela Coppola
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy; (G.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy; (G.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (R.E.); (D.C.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (A.I.); (C.V.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Casillo A, Fabozzi A, Russo Krauss I, Parrilli E, Biggs CI, Gibson MI, Lanzetta R, Appavou MS, Radulescu A, Tutino ML, Paduano L, Corsaro MM. Physicochemical Approach to Understanding the Structure, Conformation, and Activity of Mannan Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1445-1457. [PMID: 33729771 PMCID: PMC8045027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Extracellular
polysaccharides are widely produced by bacteria, yeasts, and algae.
These polymers are involved in several biological functions, such
as bacteria adhesion to surface and biofilm formation, ion sequestering,
protection from desiccation, and cryoprotection. The chemical characterization
of these polymers is the starting point for obtaining relationships
between their structures and their various functions. While this fundamental
correlation is well reported and studied for the proteins, for the
polysaccharides, this relationship is less intuitive. In this paper,
we elucidate the chemical structure and conformational studies of
a mannan exopolysaccharide from the permafrost isolated bacterium Psychrobacter arcticus strain 273-4. The mannan from
the cold-adapted bacterium was compared with its dephosphorylated
derivative and the commercial product from Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. Starting from the chemical structure,
we explored a new approach to deepen the study of the structure/activity
relationship. A pool of physicochemical techniques, ranging from small-angle
neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic and static light scattering
(DLS and SLS, respectively) to circular dichroism (CD) and cryo-transmission
electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), have been used. Finally, the ice recrystallization
inhibition activity of the polysaccharides was explored. The experimental
evidence suggests that the mannan exopolysaccharide from P. arcticus bacterium has an efficient interaction
with the water molecules, and it is structurally characterized by
rigid-rod regions assuming a 14-helix-type conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,CSGI - Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Caroline I Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching Forschungszentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-857478 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching Forschungszentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-857478 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Maria L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,CSGI - Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Maria M Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kokoulin MS, Kuzmich AS, Romanenko LA, Chikalovets IV. Structure and in vitro antiproliferative activity of the acidic capsular polysaccharide from the deep-sea bacterium Psychrobacter submarinus KMM 225 T. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117941. [PMID: 33838818 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychrobacter submarinus KMM 225T is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a sea-water sample collected at a depth of 300 m in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Here we report the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from P. submarinus KMM 225T and its effect on the viability and colony formation of cancer cells. The glycopolymer was purified by ultracentrifugation and chromatography methods, and the structure was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and composition analyses. The following structure of the acidic capsular polysaccharide, containing 2-acetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-4-[(S)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-d-glucose [d-QuipNAc4N(S-Hb)] and 4,6-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethylidene]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose [d-GlcpNAc4,6(S-Pyr)] was established: The capsular polysaccharide slightly reduced the viability but effectively suppressed the colony formation of different types of cancer cells, of which the most pronounced inhibition was shown for the human chronic myelogenous leukemia K-562 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim S Kokoulin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Alexandra S Kuzmich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Romanenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Irina V Chikalovets
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, 8, Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
López-Ortega MA, Chavarría-Hernández N, López-Cuellar MDR, Rodríguez-Hernández AI. A review of extracellular polysaccharides from extreme niches: An emerging natural source for the biotechnology. From the adverse to diverse! Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:559-577. [PMID: 33609577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Every year, new organisms that survive and colonize adverse environments are discovered and isolated. Those organisms, called extremophiles, are distributed throughout the world, both in aquatic and terrestrial environments, such as sulfurous marsh waters, hydrothermal springs, deep waters, volcanos, terrestrial hot springs, marine saltern, salt lakes, among others. According to the ecosystem inhabiting, extremophiles are categorized as thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkalophilic, piezophiles, saccharophiles, metallophiles and polyextremophiles. They have developed chemical adaptation strategies that allow them to maintain their cellular integrity, altering physiology or improving repair capabilities; one of them is the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), which constitute a slime and hydrated matrix that keep the cells embedded, protecting from environmental stress (desiccation, salinity, temperature, radiation). EPS have gained interest; they are explored by their unique properties such as structural complexity, biodegradability, biological activities, and biocompatibility. Here, we present a review concerning the biosynthesis, characterization, and potential EPS applications produced by extremophile microorganisms, namely, thermophiles, halophiles, and psychrophiles. A bibliometric analysis was conducted, considering research articles published within the last two decades. Besides, an overview of the culture conditions used for extremophiles, the main properties and multiple potential applications of their EPS is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Alejandra López-Ortega
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43600, Mexico.
| | - Norberto Chavarría-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43600, Mexico
| | - Ma Del Rocío López-Cuellar
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43600, Mexico
| | - Adriana Inés Rodríguez-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43600, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ali P, Fucich D, Shah AA, Hasan F, Chen F. Cryopreservation of Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotic Microalgae Using Exopolysaccharide Extracted from a Glacier Bacterium. Microorganisms 2021; 9:395. [PMID: 33671910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been known to be a good cryoprotective agent for bacteria, but it has not been tested for cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae. In this study, we used EPS extracted from a glacier bacterium as a cryoprotective agent for the cryopreservation of three unicellular cyanobacteria and two eukaryotic microalgae. Different concentrations of EPS (10%, 15%, and 20%) were tested, and the highest concentration (20%) of EPS yielded the best growth recovery for the algal strains we tested. We also compared EPS with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 10% glycerol for the cryopreservation recovery. The growth recovery for the microalgal strains after nine months of cryopreservation was better than 5% DMSO, a well-known cryoprotectant for microalgae. A poor recovery was recorded for all the tested strains with 10% glycerol as a cryoprotective agent. The patterns of growth recovery for most of these strains were similar after 5 days, 15 days, and 9 months of cryopreservation. Unlike common cryopreservants such as DMSO or methanol, which are hazardous materials, EPS is safe to handle. We demonstrate that the EPS from a psychrotrophic bacterium helped in the long-term cryopreservation of cyanobacteria and microalgae, and it has the potential to be used as natural cryoprotective agent for other cells.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mhetras N, Mapare V, Gokhale D. Cold Active Lipases: Biocatalytic Tools for Greener Technology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2245-66. [PMID: 33544363 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the ester bond hydrolysis in triglycerides with the release of fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides, and glycerol. The microbial lipases account for $400 million market size in 2017 and it is expected to reach $590 million by 2023. Many biotechnological processes are expedited at high temperatures and hence much research is dealt with thermostable enzymes. Cold active lipases are now gaining importance in the detergent, synthesis of chiral intermediates and frail/fragile compounds, and food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, they consume less energy since they are active at low temperatures. These cold active lipases have not been commercially exploited so far compared to mesophilic and thermophilc lipases. Cold active lipases are distributed in microbes found at low temperatures. Only a few microbes were studied for the production of these enzymes. These cold-adapted enzymes show increased flexibility of their structures in response to freezing effect of the cold habitats. This review presents an update on cold-active lipases from microbial sources along with some structural features justifying high enzyme activity at low temperature. In addition, recent achievements on their use in various industries will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Di Guida R, Casillo A, Corsaro MM. O-specific polysaccharide structure isolated from the LPS of the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas ANT_J38B. Carbohydr Res 2020; 497:108125. [PMID: 32905875 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas ANT_J38B is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from an Antarctic island. LPS was extracted using the phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether method. A mild acid hydrolysis followed by a gel filtration purification afforded the O-chain. The polysaccharide was characterized by means of chemical analyses and NMR spectroscopy. The O-chain displays a disaccharide repeating unit with the following backbone: →4)-α-l-GulpNAc3OAcAN-(1 →3)-β-d-QuipNAc-(1→ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Guida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Furhan J. Adaptation, production, and biotechnological potential of cold-adapted proteases from psychrophiles and psychrotrophs: recent overview. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:36. [PMID: 32725297 PMCID: PMC7387391 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Proteases or peptidases are an imperative class of hydrolytic enzymes capable of hydrolyzing large proteins into smaller peptides. The cold-adapted proteases show higher catalytic capacity in low temperatures as well as stability in alkaline conditions and appear as strong contenders for various applications in special industries. Main body In the past few decades, the interest in cold-adapted microorganisms producing cold-adapted proteases has increased at an exciting rate, and many of them have emerged as important biotechnological and industrial candidates. Industrial proteases are largely supplied from various types of microorganisms than plant or animal sources. Among diverse microbial sources, psychrophiles and psychrotrophs inhabiting permanently or partially cold environments have appeared as rich sources of cold-adapted proteases. Short conclusion The present review focuses on recent sources of cold-adapted protease producers along with the molecular adaptation of psychrotrophs and psychrophiles. The recent knowledge on production, kinetic properties, purification, and substrate specificity of cold-adapted proteases has been summarized. Recent advances in cold-adapted protease gene cloning and structural studies are also described. Moreover, the prospective applications of cold-adapted proteases are discussed which can help in evaluating their industrial potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Furhan
- Department of Microbiology, SKIMS Medical College-Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Covering: Early 2008 until the end of 2019Microorganisms which survive (extreme-tolerant) or even prefer (extremophilic) living at the limits of pH, temperature, salinity and pressure found on earth have proven to be a rich source of novel structures. In this update we summarise the wide variety of new molecules which have been isolated from extremophilic and extreme-tolerant microorganisms since our original 2009 review, highlighting the range of bioactivities these molecules have been reported to possess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Wilson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guerreiro BM, Freitas F, Lima JC, Silva JC, Dionísio M, Reis MAM. Demonstration of the cryoprotective properties of the fucose-containing polysaccharide FucoPol. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116500. [PMID: 32718611 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the cryoprotective potential of FucoPol, a fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter A47. In vitro cryopreservation assays of Vero, Saos-2, HFFF2 and C2C12 cell lines exposed to a validated non-cytotoxic 2.5 mg/mL FucoPol concentration demonstrated a consistent post-thaw metabolic viability increase. Calorimetric analysis showed a non-colligative, FucoPol concentration-dependent increase of the freezing point (Tf), with minimal change in melting point (Tm). Freezing point variation was corroborated by Polarized Optical Microscopy studies, also showing a reduction of ice crystal dimensions. Its proven shear-thinning behaviour and polyanionicity favour interactivity between the polysaccharide and the water-ice interface, resulting in ice growth inhibition. These findings demonstrate FucoPol's high promise as a bio-based, biodegradable approach to be implemented into cryopreservation formulations.
Collapse
|
45
|
Alfano A, Perillo F, Fusco A, Savio V, Corsaro MM, Donnarumma G, Schiraldi C, Cimini D. Lactobacillus brevis CD2: Fermentation Strategies and Extracellular Metabolites Characterization. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:1542-1554. [PMID: 32279232 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods and nutraceuticals frequently contain viable probiotic strains that, at certain titers, are considered to be responsible of beneficial effects on health. Recently, it was observed that secreted metabolites might play a key role in this respect, especially in immunomodulation. Exopolysaccharides produced by probiotics, for example, are used in the food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields, due to their unique properties. Lactobacillus brevis CD2 demonstrated the ability to inhibit oral pathogens causing mucositis and periodontal inflammation and to reduce Helycobacter pylori infections. Due to the lack of literature, for this strain, on the development of fermentation processes that can increase the titer of viable cells and associated metabolites to industrially attractive levels, different batch and fed-batch strategies were investigated in the present study. In particular, aeration was shown to improve the growth rate and the yields of lactic acid and biomass in batch cultures. The use of an exponential feeding profile in fed-batch experiments allowed to produce 9.3 ± 0.45 × 109 CFU/mL in 42 h of growth, corresponding to a 20-fold increase of viable cells compared with that obtained in aerated batch processes; moreover, also increased titers of exopolysaccharides and lactic acid (260 and 150%, respectively) were observed. A purification process based on ultrafiltration, charcoal treatment, and solvent precipitation was applied to partially purify secreted metabolites and separate them into two molecular weight fractions (above and below 10 kDa). Both fractions inhibited growth of the known gut pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium, demonstrating that lactic acid plays a major role in pathogen growth inhibition, which is however further enhanced by the presence of Lact. brevis CD2 exopolysaccharides. Finally, the EPS produced from Lact. brevis CD2 was characterized by NMR for the first time up to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Perillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Savio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemic1al Science, University Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun ML, Zhao F, Zhang XK, Zhang XY, Zhang YZ, Song XY, Chen XL. Improvement of the production of an Arctic bacterial exopolysaccharide with protective effect on human skin cells against UV-induced oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4863-75. [PMID: 32285173 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are applied in different fields, no EPS has been used to protect human skin cells against UV-induced oxidative stress. The EPS produced by the Arctic bacterium Polaribacter sp. SM1127 has high moisture-retention ability and antioxidant activity, suggesting its good industrial potentials. In this study, we improved the EPS production of SM1127 and evaluated its protective effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against UV-induced oxidative stress. With glucose as carbon source, the EPS yield was increased from 2.11 to 6.12 g/L by optimizing the fermentation conditions using response surface methodology. To lower the fermentation cost and decrease corrosive speed in stainless steel tanks, whole sugar, whose price is only 8% of that of glucose, was used to replace glucose and NaCl concentration was reduced to 4 g/L in the medium. With the optimized conditions, fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor was conducted, and the EPS production reached 19.25 g/L, which represents the highest one reported for a polar microorganism. Moreover, SM1127 EPS could maintain the cell viability and integrity of HDFs under UV-B radiation, probably via decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species level and increasing intracellular glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity. Therefore, SM1127 EPS has significant protective effect on HDFs against UV-induced oxidative stress, suggesting its potential to be used in preventing photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Altogether, this study lays a good foundation for the industrialization of SM1127 EPS, which has promising potential to be used in cosmetics and medical fields.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lo Giudice A, Poli A, Finore I, Rizzo C. Peculiarities of extracellular polymeric substances produced by Antarctic bacteria and their possible applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2923-2934. [PMID: 32076778 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) possess diversified ecological role, including the cell adhesion to surfaces and cell protection, and are highly involved in the interactions between the bacterial cells and the bulk environments. Interestingly, EPSs find valuable applications in the industrial field, due to their chemical versatility. In this context, Antarctic bacteria have not been given the attention they deserve as producers of EPS molecules and a very limited insight into their EPS production capabilities and biotechnological potential is available in literature to date. Antarctic EPS-producing bacteria are mainly psychrophiles deriving from the marine environments (generally sea ice and seawater) around the continent, whereas a unique thermophilic bacterium, namely Parageobacillus thermantarcticus strain M1, was isolated from geothermal soil of the crater of Mount Melbourne. This mini-review is aimed at showcasing the current knowledge on EPS-producing Antarctic bacteria and the chemical peculiarities of produced EPSs, highlighting their biotechnological potential and the yet unexplored treasure they represent for biodiscovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Lo Giudice
- National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Institute of Polar Sciences, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Annarita Poli
- National Research Council (CNR-ICB), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Finore
- National Research Council (CNR-ICB), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Department BIOTECH, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn,, National Institute of Biology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ali P, Shah AA, Hasan F, Hertkorn N, Gonsior M, Sajjad W, Chen F. A Glacier Bacterium Produces High Yield of Cryoprotective Exopolysaccharide. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3096. [PMID: 32117080 PMCID: PMC7026135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. BGI-2 is a psychrotrophic bacterium isolated from the ice sample collected from Batura glacier, Pakistan. This strain produces highly viscous colonies on agar media supplemented with glucose. In this study, we have optimized growth and production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by the cold-adapted Pseudomonas sp. BGI-2 using different nutritional and environmental conditions. Pseudomonas sp. BGI-2 is able to grow in a wide range of temperatures (4-35°C), pH (5-11), and salt concentrations (1-5%). Carbon utilization for growth and EPS production was extensively studied and we found that glucose, galactose, mannose, mannitol, and glycerol are the preferable carbon sources. The strain is also able to use sugar waste molasses as a growth substrate, an alternative for the relatively expensive sugars for large scale EPS production. Maximum EPS production was observed at 15°C, pH 6, NaCl (10 g L-1), glucose as carbon source (100 g L-1), yeast extract as nitrogen source (10 g L-1), and glucose/yeast extract ratio (10/1). Under optimized conditions, EPS production was 2.01 g L-1, which is relatively high for a Pseudomonas species compared to previous studies using the same method for quantification. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) analysis of EPS revealed glucose, galactose, and glucosamine as the main sugar monomers. Membrane protection assay using human RBCs revealed significant reduction in cell lysis (∼50%) in the presence of EPS, suggesting its role in membrane protection. The EPS (5%) also conferred significant cryoprotection for a mesophilic Escherichia coli k12 which was comparable to glycerol (20%). Also, improvement in lipid peroxidation inhibition (in vitro) resulted when lipids from the E. coli was pretreated with EPS. Increased EPS production at low temperatures, freeze thaw tolerance of the EPS producing strain, and increased survivability of E. coli in the presence of EPS as cryoprotective agent supports the hypothesis that EPS production is a strategy for survival in extremely cold environments such as the glacier ice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pervaiz Ali
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Applied Environmental and Geomicrobiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Applied Environmental and Geomicrobiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Hasan
- Applied Environmental and Geomicrobiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Caro-Astorga J, Álvarez-Mena A, Hierrezuelo J, Guadix JA, Heredia-Ponce Z, Arboleda-Estudillo Y, González-Munoz E, de Vicente A, Romero D. Two genomic regions encoding exopolysaccharide production systems have complementary functions in B. cereus multicellularity and host interaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1000. [PMID: 31969664 PMCID: PMC6976573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial physiology and adaptation are influenced by the exopolysaccharides (EPS) they produce. These polymers are indispensable for the assembly of the biofilm extracellular matrix in multiple bacterial species. In a previous study, we described the profound gene expression changes leading to biofilm assembly in B. cereus ATCC14579 (CECT148). We found that a genomic region putatively dedicated to the synthesis of a capsular polysaccharide (eps2) was overexpressed in a biofilm cell population compared to in a planktonic population, while we detected no change in the transcript abundance from another genomic region (eps1) also likely to be involved in polysaccharide production. Preliminary biofilm assays suggested a mild role for the products of the eps2 region in biofilm formation and no function for the products of the eps1 region. The aim of this work was to better define the roles of these two regions in B. cereus multicellularity. We demonstrate that the eps2 region is indeed involved in bacterial adhesion to surfaces, cell-to-cell interaction, cellular aggregation and biofilm formation, while the eps1 region appears to be involved in a kind of social bacterial motility. Consistent with these results, we further demonstrate using bacterial-host cell interaction experiments that the eps2 region is more relevant to the adhesion to human epithelial cells and the zebrafish intestine, suggesting that this region encodes a bacterial factor that may potentiate gut colonization and enhance pathogenicity against humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Caro-Astorga
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" -Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Mena
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" -Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Hierrezuelo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" -Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Guadix
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga - IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, C/ Severo Ochoa 35, 29590, Campanillas (Málaga), Spain
| | - Zahira Heredia-Ponce
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" -Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yohanna Arboleda-Estudillo
- LARCEL, Andalusian Laboratory of Cell Reprogramming, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena González-Munoz
- LARCEL, Andalusian Laboratory of Cell Reprogramming, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" -Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" -Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Strepis N, Naranjo HD, Meier-Kolthoff J, Göker M, Shapiro N, Kyrpides N, Klenk HP, Schaap PJ, Stams AJM, Sousa DZ. Genome-guided analysis allows the identification of novel physiological traits in Trichococcus species. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:24. [PMID: 31914924 PMCID: PMC6950789 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Trichococcus currently contains nine species: T. flocculiformis, T. pasteurii, T. palustris, T. collinsii, T. patagoniensis, T. ilyis, T. paludicola, T. alkaliphilus, and T. shcherbakoviae. In general, Trichococcus species can degrade a wide range of carbohydrates. However, only T. pasteurii and a non-characterized strain of Trichococcus, strain ES5, have the capacity of converting glycerol to mainly 1,3-propanediol. Comparative genomic analysis of Trichococcus species provides the opportunity to further explore the physiological potential and uncover novel properties of this genus. RESULTS In this study, a genotype-phenotype comparative analysis of Trichococcus strains was performed. The genome of Trichococcus strain ES5 was sequenced and included in the comparison with the other nine type strains. Genes encoding functions related to e.g. the utilization of different carbon sources (glycerol, arabinan and alginate), antibiotic resistance, tolerance to low temperature and osmoregulation could be identified in all the sequences analysed. T. pasteurii and Trichococcus strain ES5 contain a operon with genes encoding necessary enzymes for 1,3-PDO production from glycerol. All the analysed genomes comprise genes encoding for cold shock domains, but only five of the Trichococcus species can grow at 0 °C. Protein domains associated to osmoregulation mechanisms are encoded in the genomes of all Trichococcus species, except in T. palustris, which had a lower resistance to salinity than the other nine studied Trichococcus strains. CONCLUSIONS Genome analysis and comparison of ten Trichococcus strains allowed the identification of physiological traits related to substrate utilization and environmental stress resistance (e.g. to cold and salinity). Some substrates were used by single species, e.g. alginate by T. collinsii and arabinan by T. alkaliphilus. Strain ES5 may represent a subspecies of Trichococcus flocculiformis and contrary to the type strain (DSM 2094T), is able to grow on glycerol with the production of 1,3-propanediol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Strepis
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry D. Naranjo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Meier-Kolthoff
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Göker
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicole Shapiro
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive 100, CA, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Nikos Kyrpides
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive 100, CA, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Peter J. Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. M. Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Z. Sousa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|