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Martin-Gallausiaux C, Salesse L, Garcia-Weber D, Marinelli L, Beguet-Crespel F, Brochard V, Le Gléau C, Jamet A, Doré J, Blottière HM, Arrieumerlou C, Lapaque N. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes inflammatory and anti-apoptotic responses in colorectal cancer cells via ADP-heptose release and ALPK1/TIFA axis activation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2295384. [PMID: 38126163 PMCID: PMC10761154 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2295384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum is significantly associated with human colorectal cancer (CRC) and is considered a significant contributor to the disease. The mechanisms underlying the promotion of intestinal tumor formation by F. nucleatum have only been partially uncovered. Here, we showed that F. nucleatum releases a metabolite into the microenvironment that strongly activates NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells via the ALPK1/TIFA/TRAF6 pathway. Furthermore, we showed that the released molecule had the biological characteristics of ADP-heptose. We observed that F. nucleatum induction of this pathway increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and two anti-apoptotic genes known to be implicated in CRC, BIRC3 and TNFAIP3. Finally, it promoted the survival of CRC cells and reduced 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity in vitro. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of the ALPK1/TIFA pathway in Fusobacterium induced-CRC pathogenesis, and identify the role of ADP-H in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurène Salesse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Ludovica Marinelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Vincent Brochard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Camille Le Gléau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandre Jamet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Metagenopolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hervé M. Blottière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Metagenopolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nicolas Lapaque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Ye J, Fan Q, Lin X, Gou Z, Azzam MM, Wang Y, Jiang S. Transcriptome and proteome profile of jejunum in chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium revealed the effects of dietary bilberry anthocyanin on immune function. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266977. [PMID: 38053560 PMCID: PMC10694457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study investigated the effects of bilberry anthocyanin (BA) on immune function when alleviating Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in chickens. Methods A total of 180 newly hatched yellow-feathered male chicks were assigned to three groups (CON, SI, and SI + BA). Birds in CON and SI were fed a basal diet, and those in SI + BA were supplemented with 100 mg/kg BA for 18 days. Birds in SI and SI + BA received 0.5 ml suspension of S. Typhimurium (2 × 109 CFU/ml) by oral gavage at 14 and 16 days of age, and those in CON received equal volumes of sterile PBS. Results At day 18, (1) dietary BA alleviated weight loss of chickens caused by S. Typhimurium infection (P < 0.01). (2) Supplementation with BA reduced the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.01) and jejunal villus height (P < 0.05) and increased the number of goblet cells (P < 0.01) and the expression of MUC2 (P < 0.05) in jejunal mucosa, compared with birds in SI. (3) Supplementation with BA decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of immunoglobulins and cytokines in plasma (IgA, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-β) and jejunal mucosa (IgG, IgM, sIgA, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ) of S. Typhimurium-infected chickens. (4) BA regulated a variety of biological processes, especially the defense response to bacteria and humoral immune response, and suppressed cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways by downregulating 6 immune-related proteins. Conclusion In summary, the impaired growth performance and disruption of jejunal morphology caused by S. Typhimurium were alleviated by dietary BA by affecting the expression of immune-related genes and proteins, and signaling pathways are related to immune response associated with immune cytokine receptors and production in jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiajing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Iyer K, Erkert L, Becker C. Know your neighbors: microbial recognition at the intestinal barrier and its implications for gut homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1228283. [PMID: 37519301 PMCID: PMC10375050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1228283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) perform several physiological and metabolic functions at the epithelial barrier. IECs also play an important role in defining the overall immune functions at the mucosal region. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the cell surface and in other cellular compartments enable them to sense the presence of microbes and microbial products in the intestinal lumen. IECs are thus at the crossroads of mediating a bidirectional interaction between the microbial population and the immune cells present at the intestinal mucosa. This communication between the microbial population, the IECs and the underlying immune cells has a profound impact on the overall health of the host. In this review, we focus on the various PRRs present in different cellular compartments of IECs and discuss the recent developments in the understanding of their role in microbial recognition. Microbial recognition and signaling at the epithelial barrier have implications in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, epithelial barrier function, maintenance of commensals, and the overall tolerogenic function of PRRs in the gut mucosa. We also highlight the role of an aberrant microbial sensing at the epithelial barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Iyer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Hauke M, Metz F, Rapp J, Faass L, Bats SH, Radziej S, Link H, Eisenreich W, Josenhans C. Helicobacter pylori Modulates Heptose Metabolite Biosynthesis and Heptose-Dependent Innate Immune Host Cell Activation by Multiple Mechanisms. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0313222. [PMID: 37129481 PMCID: PMC10269868 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03132-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heptose metabolites including ADP-d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose) are involved in bacterial lipopolysaccharide and cell envelope biosynthesis. Recently, heptoses were also identified to have potent proinflammatory activity on human cells as novel microbe-associated molecular patterns. The gastric pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori produces heptose metabolites, which it transports into human cells through its Cag type 4 secretion system. Using H. pylori as a model, we have addressed the question of how proinflammatory ADP-heptose biosynthesis can be regulated by bacteria. We have characterized the interstrain variability and regulation of heptose biosynthesis genes and the modulation of heptose metabolite production by H. pylori, which impact cell-autonomous proinflammatory human cell activation. HldE, a central enzyme of heptose metabolite biosynthesis, showed strong sequence variability between strains and was also variably expressed between strains. Amounts of gene transcripts in the hldE gene cluster displayed intrastrain and interstrain differences, were modulated by host cell contact and the presence of the cag pathogenicity island, and were affected by carbon starvation regulator A (CsrA). We reconstituted four steps of the H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) heptose biosynthetic pathway in vitro using recombinant purified GmhA, HldE, and GmhB proteins. On the basis of one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the structures of major reaction products were identified as β-d-ADP-heptose and β-heptose-1-monophosphate. A proinflammatory heptose-monophosphate variant was also identified for the first time as a novel cell-active product in H. pylori bacteria. Separate purified HldE subdomains and variant HldE allowed us to uncover additional strain variation in generating heptose metabolites. IMPORTANCE Bacterial heptose metabolites, intermediates of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, are novel microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that activate proinflammatory signaling. In the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, heptoses are transferred into host cells by the Cag type IV secretion system, which is also involved in carcinogenesis. Little is known about how H. pylori, which is highly strain variable, regulates heptose biosynthesis and downstream host cell activation. We report here that the regulation of proinflammatory heptose production by H. pylori is strain specific. Heptose gene cluster activity is modulated by the presence of an active cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), contact with human cells, and the carbon starvation regulator A. Reconstitution with purified biosynthesis enzymes and purified bacterial lysates allowed us to biochemically characterize heptose pathway products, identifying a heptose-monophosphate variant as a novel proinflammatory metabolite. These findings emphasize that the bacteria use heptose biosynthesis to fine-tune inflammation and also highlight opportunities to mine the heptose biosynthesis pathway as a potential therapeutic target against infection, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hauke
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Felix Metz
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Johanna Rapp
- Bacterial Metabolomics, CMFI, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Larissa Faass
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Simon H. Bats
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Sandra Radziej
- Bavarian NMR Center–Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Hannes Link
- Bacterial Metabolomics, CMFI, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center–Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christine Josenhans
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany
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Sidor K, Skirecki T. A Bittersweet Kiss of Gram-Negative Bacteria: The Role of ADP-Heptose in the Pathogenesis of Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1316. [PMID: 37317291 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the global crisis caused by the dramatic rise of drug resistance among Gram-negative bacteria, there is an urgent need for a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of infections of such an etiology. In light of the limited availability of new antibiotics, therapies aimed at host-pathogen interactions emerge as potential treatment modalities. Thus, understanding the mechanism of pathogen recognition by the host and immune evasion appear to be the key scientific issues. Until recently, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was recognized as a major pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of Gram-negative bacteria. However, recently, ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose), an intermediate carbohydrate metabolite of the LPS biosynthesis pathway, was discovered to activate the hosts' innate immunity. Therefore, ADP-heptose is regarded as a novel PAMP of Gram-negative bacteria that is recognized by the cytosolic alpha kinase-1 (ALPK1) protein. The conservative nature of this molecule makes it an intriguing player in host-pathogen interactions, especially in the context of changes in LPS structure or even in its loss by certain resistant pathogens. Here, we present the ADP-heptose metabolism, outline the mechanisms of its recognition and the activation of its immunity, and summarize the role of ADP-heptose in the pathogenesis of infection. Finally, we hypothesize about the routes of the entry of this sugar into cytosol and point to emerging questions that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sidor
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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García-Weber D, Dangeard AS, Teixeira V, Hauke M, Carreaux A, Josenhans C, Arrieumerlou C. In vitro kinase assay reveals ADP-heptose-dependent ALPK1 autophosphorylation and altered kinase activity of disease-associated ALPK1 mutants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6278. [PMID: 37072480 PMCID: PMC10113258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1) is a pathogen recognition receptor that detects ADP-heptose (ADPH), a lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis intermediate, recently described as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern in Gram-negative bacteria. ADPH binding to ALPK1 activates its kinase domain and triggers TIFA phosphorylation on threonine 9. This leads to the assembly of large TIFA oligomers called TIFAsomes, activation of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, mutations in ALPK1 are associated with inflammatory syndromes and cancers. While this kinase is of increasing medical interest, its activity in infectious or non-infectious diseases remains poorly characterized. Here, we use a non-radioactive ALPK1 in vitro kinase assay based on the use of ATPγS and protein thiophosphorylation. We confirm that ALPK1 phosphorylates TIFA T9 and show that T2, T12 and T19 are also weakly phosphorylated by ALPK1. Interestingly, we find that ALPK1 itself is phosphorylated in response to ADPH recognition during Shigella flexneri and Helicobacter pylori infection and that disease-associated ALPK1 mutants exhibit altered kinase activity. In particular, T237M and V1092A mutations associated with ROSAH syndrome and spiradenoma/spiradenocarcinoma respectively, exhibit enhanced ADPH-induced kinase activity and constitutive assembly of TIFAsomes. Altogether, this study provides new insights into the ADPH sensing pathway and disease-associated ALPK1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-Weber
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Veronica Teixeira
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Martina Hauke
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexis Carreaux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Christine Josenhans
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336, Munich, Germany
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7
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Sokolova O, Maubach G, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori regulates TIFA turnover in gastric epithelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151307. [PMID: 36965415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori induces a strong inflammatory response in gastric mucosa manifested by the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the places of infection, and by changes in epithelial integrity and function. At the molecular level, this innate immune response is essentially dependent on the activation of NF-κB transcription factors regulating the expression of chemotactic factors, e.g., IL-8. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the NF-κB signaling pathway is triggered by the bacterial heptose metabolites, which activate the host ALPK1-TIFA axis. TIFA has been suggested to promote oligomerization and activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, which further stimulates TAK1-IKK signaling. Here, we demonstrate that ALPK1-dependent TIFA activation in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells is followed in time by a decline in TIFA levels, and that this process is impeded by inhibitors of the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation. According to our data, TRAF2, TRAF6, TAK1 or NEMO are not required for TIFA degradation. Additionally, H. pylori promotes the interaction of TIFA with free polyubiquitin as well as with optineurin, TAX1BP1 and LAMP1, which are known protein adaptors involved in intracellular trafficking to lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gunter Maubach
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Faass L, Hauke M, Stein SC, Josenhans C. Innate immune activation and modulatory factors of Helicobacter pylori towards phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 82:102301. [PMID: 36933362 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an intriguing obligate host-associated human pathogen with a specific host interaction biology, which has been shaped by thousands of years of host-pathogen coevolution. Molecular mechanisms of interaction of H. pylori with the local immune cells in the human system are less well defined than epithelial cell interactions, although various myeloid cells, including neutrophils and other phagocytes, are locally present or attracted to the sites of infection and interact with H. pylori. We have recently addressed the question of novel bacterial innate immune stimuli, including bacterial cell envelope metabolites, that can activate and modulate cell responses via the H. pylori Cag type IV secretion system. This review article gives an overview of what is currently known about the interaction modes and mechanisms of H. pylori with diverse human cell types, with a focus on bacterial metabolites and cells of the myeloid lineage including phagocytic and antigen-presenting cells.
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Cabral-Fernandes L, Goyal S, Farahvash A, Tsalikis J, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. Invading Bacterial Pathogens Activate Transcription Factor EB in Epithelial Cells through the Amino Acid Starvation Pathway of mTORC1 Inhibition. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0024122. [PMID: 36005752 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00241-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon pathogen infection, intricate innate signaling cascades are induced to initiate the transcription of immune effectors, including cytokines and chemokines. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy genes, was found recently to be a novel regulator of innate immunity in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. Despite TFEB participating in critical mechanisms of pathogen recognition and in the transcriptional response to infection in mammalian macrophages, little is known about its roles in the infected epithelium or infected nonimmune cells in general. Here, we demonstrate that TFEB is activated in nonimmune cells upon infection with bacterial pathogens through a pathway dependent on mTORC1 inhibition and RAG-GTPase activity, reflecting the importance of membrane damage and amino acid starvation responses during infection. Additionally, we present data demonstrating that although TFEB does not affect bacterial killing or load in nonimmune cells, it alters the host transcriptome upon infection, thus promoting an antibacterial transcriptomic landscape. Elucidating the roles of TFEB in infected nonimmune cells and the upstream signaling cascade provides critical insight into understanding how cells recognize and respond to bacterial pathogens.
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Martin-Gallausiaux C, Garcia-Weber D, Lashermes A, Larraufie P, Marinelli L, Teixeira V, Rolland A, Béguet-Crespel F, Brochard V, Quatremare T, Jamet A, Doré J, Gray-Owen SD, Blottière HM, Arrieumerlou C, Lapaque N. Akkermansia muciniphila upregulates genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier function via ADP-heptose-dependent activation of the ALPK1/TIFA pathway. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2110639. [PMID: 36036242 PMCID: PMC9427033 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The commensal bacteria that make up the gut microbiota impact the health of their host on multiple levels. In particular, the interactions taking place between the microbe-associated molecule patterns (MAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. While numerous studies showed that TLRs and NLRs are involved in the control of gut homeostasis by commensal bacteria, the role of additional innate immune receptors remains unclear. Here, we seek for novel MAMP-PRR interactions involved in the beneficial effect of the commensal bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila on intestinal homeostasis. We show that A. muciniphila strongly activates NF-κB in IECs by releasing one or more potent activating metabolites into the microenvironment. By using drugs, chemical and gene-editing tools, we found that the released metabolite(s) enter(s) epithelial cells and activate(s) NF-κB via an ALPK1, TIFA and TRAF6-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we show that the released molecule has the biological characteristics of the ALPK1 ligand ADP-heptose. Finally, we show that A. muciniphila induces the expression of the MUC2, BIRC3 and TNFAIP3 genes involved in the maintenance of the intestinal barrier function and that this process is dependent on TIFA. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that the commensal A. muciniphila promotes intestinal homeostasis by activating the ALPK1/TIFA/TRAF6 axis, an innate immune pathway exclusively described so far in the context of Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amandine Lashermes
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludovica Marinelli
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Veronica Teixeira
- INSERM, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alice Rolland
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Vincent Brochard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Timothé Quatremare
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandre Jamet
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Scott D. Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hervé M. Blottière
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nicolas Lapaque
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France,CONTACT Nicolas Lapaque INRAE-MICALIS UMR1319, Bat 442, Domaine de Vilvert78350Jouy-en-Josas, France
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11
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Nasser A, Mosadegh M, Azimi T, Shariati A. Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:12. [PMID: 35718793 PMCID: PMC9207015 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different gastrointestinal pathogens cause diarrhea which is a very common problem in children aged under 5 years. Among bacterial pathogens, Shigella is one of the main causes of diarrhea among children, and it accounts for approximately 11% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years. The case-fatality rates for Shigella among the infants and children aged 1 to 4 years are 13.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Shigella uses unique effector proteins to modulate intracellular pathways. Shigella cannot invade epithelial cells on the apical site; therefore, it needs to pass epithelium through other cells rather than the epithelial cell. After passing epithelium, macrophage swallows Shigella, and the latter should prepare itself to exhibit at least two types of responses: (I) escaping phagocyte and (II) mediating invasion of and injury to the recurrent PMN. The presence of PMN and invitation to a greater degree resulted in gut membrane injuries and greater bacterial penetration. Infiltration of Shigella to the basolateral space mediates (A) cell attachment, (B) cell entry, (C) evasion of autophagy recognition, (D) vacuole formation and and vacuole rapture, (E) intracellular life, (F) Shiga toxin, and (G) immune response. In this review, an attempt is made to explain the role of each factor in Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasser
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mosadegh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and medicine research center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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12
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Shen W, Du W, Li Y, Huang Y, Jiang X, Yang C, Tang J, Liu H, Luo N, Zhang X, Zhang Z. TIFA promotes CRC cell proliferation via RSK- and PRAS40- dependent manner. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3018-3031. [PMID: 35635239 PMCID: PMC9459298 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that TIFA plays different roles in various tumor types. However, the function of TIFA in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of TIFA was markedly increased in CRC versus normal tissue, and positively correlated with CRC TNM stages. In agreement, we found that the CRC cell lines show increased TIFA expression levels versus normal control. The knockdown of TIFA inhibited cell proliferation but had no effect on cell apoptosis in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, the ectopic expression of TIFA enhanced cell proliferation ability in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the expression of mutant TIFA (T9A, oligomerization site mutation; D6, TRAF6 binding site deletion) abolished TIFA‐mediated cell proliferation enhancement. Exploration of the underlying mechanism revealed that the protein synthesis‐associated kinase RSK and PRAS40 activation were responsible for TIFA‐mediated CRC progression. In summary, these findings suggest that TIFA plays a role in mediating CRC progression. This could provide a promising target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Wenfei Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of, Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaping Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Surgery Teaching and Research Section, Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, China
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13
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Herod A, Ryu J, Rohde J. Lambda Red Recombineering in Shigella flexneri. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2523:9-21. [PMID: 35759188 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2449-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shigellosis remains a major cause of severe diarrheal disease and death throughout the world. Vaccine development against shigellosis has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which Shigella spp. causes disease and difficulties in manipulating Shigella spp. genomes. While homologous recombination protocols for the construction of precise gene deletions exist, construction of mutants in S. flexneri has not become commonplace. We describe the steps for construction of gene deletions using λ-red recombination using tools that we have developed in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Herod
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Julie Ryu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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14
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Lai Y, Cui L, Babunovic GH, Fortune SM, Doench JG, Lu TK. High-Throughput CRISPR Screens To Dissect Macrophage- Shigella Interactions. mBio 2021; 12:e0215821. [PMID: 34933448 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02158-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis causes most diarrheal deaths worldwide, particularly affecting children. Shigella invades and replicates in the epithelium of the large intestine, eliciting inflammation and tissue destruction. To understand how Shigella rewires macrophages prior to epithelium invasion, we performed genome-wide and focused secondary CRISPR knockout and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screens in Shigella flexneri-infected human monocytic THP-1 cells. Knockdown of the Toll-like receptor 1/2 signaling pathway significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, enhanced host cell survival, and controlled intracellular pathogen growth. Knockdown of the enzymatic component of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex enhanced THP-1 cell survival. Small-molecule inhibitors blocking key components of these pathways had similar effects; these were validated with human monocyte-derived macrophages, which closely mimic the in vivo physiological state of macrophages postinfection. High-throughput CRISPR screens can elucidate how S. flexneri triggers inflammation and redirects host pyruvate catabolism for energy acquisition before killing macrophages, pointing to new shigellosis therapies.
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15
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Vivarelli S, Falzone L, Leonardi GC, Salmeri M, Libra M. Novel insights on gut microbiota manipulation and immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:75. [PMID: 34396439 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer affects millions of individuals worldwide. Thus, there is an increased need for the development of novel effective therapeutic approaches. Tumorigenesis is often coupled with immunosuppression which defeats the anticancer immune defense mechanisms activated by the host. Novel anticancer therapies based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are very promising against both solid and hematological tumors, although still exhibiting heterogeneous efficacy, as well as tolerability. Such a differential response seems to derive from individual diversity, including the gut microbiota (GM) composition of specific patients. Experimental evidence supports the key role played by the GM in the activation of the immune system response against malignancies. This observation suggests to aim for patient-tailored complementary therapies able to modulate the GM, enabling the selective enrichment in microbial species, which can improve the positive outcome of ICI-based immunotherapy. Moreover, the research of GM-derived predictive biomarkers may help to identify the selected cancer population, which can benefit from ICI-based therapy, without the occurrence of adverse reactions and/or cancer relapse. The present review summarizes the landmark studies published to date, which have contributed to uncovering the tight link existing between GM composition, cancer development and the host immune system. Bridging this triangle of interactions may ultimately guide towards the identification of novel biomarkers, as well as integrated and patient-tailored anticancer approaches with greater efficacy.
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16
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Abstract
Protein N-terminal acetyltransferase D (NatD, NAA40) that specifically acetylates the alpha-N-terminus of histone H4 and H2A has been implicated in various diseases, but no inhibitor has been reported for this important enzyme. Based on the acetyl transfer mechanism of NatD, we designed and prepared a series of highly potent NatD bisubstrate inhibitors by covalently linking coenzyme A to different peptide substrates via an acetyl or propionyl spacer. The most potent bisubstrate inhibitor displayed an apparent Ki value of 1.0 nM. Biochemical studies indicated that bisubstrate inhibitors are competitive to the peptide substrate and noncompetitive to the cofactor, suggesting that NatD undergoes an ordered Bi-Bi mechanism. We also demonstrated that these inhibitors are highly specific toward NatD, displaying about 1000-fold selectivity over other closely related acetyltransferases. High-resolution crystal structures of NatD bound to two of these inhibitors revealed the molecular basis for their selectivity and inhibition mechanism, providing a rational path for future inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sunbin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yi-Hsun Ho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sarah M. Gardner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ronen Marmorstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Chiu SF, Teng KW, Wang PC, Chung HY, Wang CJ, Cheng HC, Kao MC. Helicobacter pylori GmhB enzyme involved in ADP-heptose biosynthesis pathway is essential for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and bacterial virulence. Virulence 2021; 12:1610-1628. [PMID: 34125649 PMCID: PMC8204981 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1938449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to serious gastric-related diseases including gastric cancer. However, current therapies for treating H. pylori infection are challenged by the increased antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. Therefore, it is in an urgent need to identify novel targets for drug development against H. pylori infection. In this study, HP0860 gene from H. pylori predicted to encode a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase (GmhB) involved in the synthesis of ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose for the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the inner core region was cloned and characterized. We reported HP0860 protein is monomeric and functions as a phosphatase by converting D-glycero-D-manno-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate into D-glycero-D-manno-heptose-1-phosphate with a preference for the β-anomer over the α-anomer of sugar phosphate substrates. Subsequently, a HP0860 knockout mutant and its complementary mutant were constructed and their phenotypic properties were examined. HP0860 knockout mutant contained both mature and immature forms of LPS and could still induce significant IL-8 secretion after gastric AGS cell infection, suggesting other enzymatic activities in HP0860 knockout mutant might be able to partially compensate for the loss of HP0860 activity. In addition, HP0860 knockout mutant was much more sensitive to antibiotic novobiocin, had decreased adherence abilities, and caused less classic hummingbird phenotype on the infected AGS cells, indicating H. pylori lacking HP0860 is less virulent. Furthermore, the disruption of HP0860 gene altered the sorting of cargo proteins into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The above findings confirm the importance of HP0860 in LPS core biosynthesis and shed light on therapeutic intervention against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Fen Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Teng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mou-Chieh Kao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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18
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Duan Z, Yuan C, Han Y, Zhou L, Zhao J, Ruan Y, Chen J, Ni M, Ji X. TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the attenuated replication mechanism of Newcastle disease virus caused by nuclear localization signal mutation in viral matrix protein. Virulence 2021; 11:607-635. [PMID: 32420802 PMCID: PMC7549962 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1770482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear localization of cytoplasmic RNA virus proteins mediated by intrinsic nuclear localization signal (NLS) plays essential roles in successful virus replication. We previously reported that NLS mutation in the matrix (M) protein obviously attenuates the replication and pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), but the attenuated replication mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we showed that M/NLS mutation not only disrupted M's nucleocytoplasmic trafficking characteristic but also impaired viral RNA synthesis and transcription. Using TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis of BSR-T7/5 cells infected with the parental NDV rSS1GFP and the mutant NDV rSS1GFP-M/NLSm harboring M/NLS mutation, we found that rSS1GFP infection stimulated much greater quantities and more expression changes of differentially expressed proteins involved in host cell transcription, ribosomal structure, posttranslational modification, and intracellular trafficking than rSS1GFP-M/NLSm infection. Further in-depth analysis revealed that the dominant nuclear accumulation of M protein inhibited host cell transcription, RNA processing and modification, protein synthesis, posttranscriptional modification and transport; and this kind of inhibition could be weakened when most of M protein was confined outside the nucleus. More importantly, we found that the function of M protein in the cytoplasm effected the inhibition of TIFA expression in a dose-dependent manner, and promoted NDV replication by down-regulating TIFA/TRAF6/NF-κB-mediated production of cytokines. It was the first report about the involvement of M protein in NDV immune evasion. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that NDV replication is closely related to the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of M protein, which accelerates our understanding of the molecular functions of NDV M protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Jiafu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Mengmeng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Xinqin Ji
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
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19
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Niederkorn M, Hueneman K, Choi K, Varney ME, Romano L, Pujato MA, Greis KD, Inoue JI, Meetei R, Starczynowski DT. TIFAB Regulates USP15-Mediated p53 Signaling during Stressed and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2776-2790.e6. [PMID: 32101751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF-interacting protein with a forkhead-associated domain B (TIFAB) is implicated in myeloid malignancies with deletion of chromosome 5q. Employing a combination of proteomic and genetic approaches, we find that TIFAB regulates ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) ubiquitin hydrolase activity. Expression of TIFAB in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) permits USP15 signaling to substrates, including MDM2 and KEAP1, and mitigates p53 expression. Consequently, TIFAB-deficient HSPCs exhibit compromised USP15 signaling and are sensitized to hematopoietic stress by derepression of p53. In MLL-AF9 leukemia, deletion of TIFAB increases p53 signaling and correspondingly decreases leukemic cell function and development of leukemia. Restoring USP15 expression partially rescues the function of TIFAB-deficient MLL-AF9 cells. Conversely, elevated TIFAB represses p53, increases leukemic progenitor function, and correlates with MLL gene expression programs in leukemia patients. Our studies uncover a function of TIFAB as an effector of USP15 activity and rheostat of p53 signaling in stressed and malignant HSPCs. Niederkorn et al. identify TIFAB as a critical node in hematopoietic cells under stressed and oncogenic cell states. Their studies indicate that deregulation of the TIFAB-USP15 complex, as observed in del(5q) myelodysplasia or MLL-rearranged leukemia, modulates p53 activity and has critical functional consequences for stressed and malignant hematopoietic cells.
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20
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Abstract
Microbial pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to interface with host cells in order to evade host defenses and replicate. However, mammalian innate immune receptors detect the presence of molecules unique to the microbial world or sense the activity of virulence factors, activating antimicrobial and inflammatory pathways. We focus on how studies of the major virulence factor of one group of microbial pathogens, the type III secretion system (T3SS) of human pathogenic Yersinia, have shed light on these important innate immune responses. Yersinia are largely extracellular pathogens, yet they insert T3SS cargo into target host cells that modulate the activity of cytosolic innate immune receptors. This review covers both the host pathways that detect the Yersinia T3SS and the effector proteins used by Yersinia to manipulate innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Andrea Schubert
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
| | - Yue Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Victoria Auerbuch
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
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21
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García-Weber D, Arrieumerlou C. ADP-heptose: a bacterial PAMP detected by the host sensor ALPK1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:17-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Losier TT, Akuma M, McKee-Muir OC, LeBlond ND, Suk Y, Alsaadi RM, Guo Z, Reshke R, Sad S, Campbell-Valois FX, Gibbings DJ, Fullerton MD, Russell RC. AMPK Promotes Xenophagy through Priming of Autophagic Kinases upon Detection of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2150-2165.e5. [PMID: 30784596 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy pathway is an essential facet of the innate immune response, capable of rapidly targeting intracellular bacteria. However, the initial signaling regulating autophagy induction in response to pathogens remains largely unclear. Here, we report that AMPK, an upstream activator of the autophagy pathway, is stimulated upon detection of pathogenic bacteria, before bacterial invasion. Bacterial recognition occurs through the detection of outer membrane vesicles. We found that AMPK signaling relieves mTORC1-mediated repression of the autophagy pathway in response to infection, positioning the cell for a rapid induction of autophagy. Moreover, activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTORC1 in response to bacteria is not accompanied by an induction of bulk autophagy. However, AMPK signaling is required for the selective targeting of bacteria-containing vesicles by the autophagy pathway through the activation of pro-autophagic kinase complexes. These results demonstrate a key role for AMPK signaling in coordinating the rapid autophagic response to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc T Losier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mercy Akuma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Olivia C McKee-Muir
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicholas D LeBlond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reham M Alsaadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Zhihao Guo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ryan Reshke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - François-Xavier Campbell-Valois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Pavillon D'Iorio Hall, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derrick J Gibbings
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ryan C Russell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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24
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Estrela AB, Nakashige TG, Lemetre C, Woodworth ID, Weisman JL, Cohen LJ, Brady SF. Functional Multigenomic Screening of Human-Associated Bacteria for NF-κB-Inducing Bioactive Effectors. mBio 2019; 10:e02587-19. [PMID: 31744921 PMCID: PMC6867899 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02587-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the microbiota on its human host is driven, at least in part, by small-molecule and protein effectors it produces. Here, we report on the use of functional multigenomic screening to identify microbiota-encoded effectors. In this study, genomic DNA from 116 human-associated bacteria was cloned en masse, and the resulting multigenomic library was screened using a nuclear factor-κB reporter (NF-κB) assay. Functional multigenomics builds on the concept of functional metagenomics but takes advantage of increasing advances in cultivating and sequencing human-associated bacteria. Effector genes found to confer NF-κB-inducing activity to Escherichia coli encode proteins in four general categories: cell wall hydrolases, membrane transporters, lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic enzymes, and proteins of unknown function. The compact nature of multigenomic libraries, which results from the ability to normalize input DNA ratios, should simplify screening of libraries using diverse heterologous hosts and reporter assays, increasing the rate of discovery of novel effector genes.IMPORTANCE Human-associated bacteria are thought to encode bioactive small molecules and proteins that play an intimate role in human health and disease. Here, we report on the creation and functional screening of a multigenomic library constructed using genomic DNA from 116 bacteria found at diverse sites across the human body. Individual clones were screened for genes capable of conferring NF-κB-inducing activity to Escherichia coli NF-κB is a useful reporter for a range of cellular processes related to immunity, pathogenesis, and inflammation. Compared to the screening of metagenomic libraries, the ability to normalize input DNA ratios when constructing a multigenomic library should facilitate the more efficient examination of commensal bacteria for diverse bioactivities. Multigenomic screening takes advantage of the growing available resources in culturing and sequencing the human microbiota and generates starting points for more in-depth studies on the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria interact with their human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia B Estrela
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Toshiki G Nakashige
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christophe Lemetre
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ian D Woodworth
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jazz L Weisman
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Louis J Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sean F Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Lu Y, Zheng Y, Coyaud É, Zhang C, Selvabaskaran A, Yu Y, Xu Z, Weng X, Chen JS, Meng Y, Warner N, Cheng X, Liu Y, Yao B, Hu H, Xia Z, Muise AM, Klip A, Brumell JH, Girardin SE, Ying S, Fairn GD, Raught B, Sun Q, Neculai D. Palmitoylation of NOD1 and NOD2 is required for bacterial sensing. Science 2019; 366:460-467. [PMID: 31649195 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors 1 and 2 (NOD1/2) are intracellular pattern-recognition proteins that activate immune signaling pathways in response to peptidoglycans associated with microorganisms. Recruitment to bacteria-containing endosomes and other intracellular membranes is required for NOD1/2 signaling, and NOD1/2 mutations that disrupt membrane localization are associated with inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory conditions. However, little is known about this recruitment process. We found that NOD1/2 S-palmitoylation is required for membrane recruitment and immune signaling. ZDHHC5 was identified as the palmitoyltransferase responsible for this critical posttranslational modification, and several disease-associated mutations in NOD2 were found to be associated with defective S-palmitoylation. Thus, ZDHHC5-mediated S-palmitoylation of NOD1/2 is critical for their ability to respond to peptidoglycans and to mount an effective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuping Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Étienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Apiraam Selvabaskaran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuyun Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zizhen Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xialian Weng
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Shun Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Neil Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingpeng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zonping Xia
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Dante Neculai
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Kufer TA, Creagh EM, Bryant CE. Guardians of the Cell: Effector-Triggered Immunity Steers Mammalian Immune Defense. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:939-951. [PMID: 31500957 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian innate immune system deals with invading pathogens and stress by activating pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the host. Initially proposed to be triggered by the discrimination of defined molecular signatures from pathogens rather than from self, it is now clear that PRRs can also be activated by endogenous ligands, bacterial metabolites and, following pathogen-induced alterations of cellular processes, changes in the F-actin cytoskeleton. These processes are collectively referred to as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Here, we summarize the molecular and conceptual advances in our understanding of cell autonomous innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens, and discuss how classical activation of PRRs and ETI interplay to drive inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Kufer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Emma M Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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27
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28
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Ellwanger K, Briese S, Arnold C, Kienes I, Heim V, Nachbur U, Kufer TA. XIAP controls RIPK2 signaling by preventing its deposition in speck-like structures. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/4/e201900346. [PMID: 31350258 PMCID: PMC6660644 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides evidence that the NOD1/2-associated kinase RIPK2 localizes to detergent insoluble cytosolic complexes upon activation and suggests novel regulatory mechanisms for RIPK2 signaling. The receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) is essential for linking activation of the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2 to cellular signaling events. Recently, it was shown that RIPK2 can form higher order molecular structures in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that RIPK2 forms detergent insoluble complexes in the cytosol of host cells upon infection with invasive enteropathogenic bacteria. Formation of these structures occurred after NF-κB activation and depended on the caspase activation and recruitment domain of NOD1 or NOD2. Complex formation upon activation required RIPK2 autophosphorylation at Y474 and was influenced by phosphorylation at S176. We found that the E3 ligase X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) counteracts complex formation of RIPK2, accordingly mutation of the XIAP ubiquitylation sites in RIPK2 enhanced complex formation. Taken together, our work reveals novel roles of XIAP in the regulation of RIPK2 and expands our knowledge on the function of RIPK2 posttranslational modifications in NOD1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Ellwanger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Selina Briese
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christine Arnold
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kienes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Valentin Heim
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Abdel-Nour M, Carneiro LAM, Downey J, Tsalikis J, Outlioua A, Prescott D, Costa LSD, Hovingh ES, Farahvash A, Gaudet RG, Molinaro R, van Dalen R, Lau CCY, Azimi FC, Escalante NK, Trotman-Grant A, Lee JE, Gray-Owen SD, Divangahi M, Chen JJ, Philpott DJ, Arnoult D, Girardin SE. The heme-regulated inhibitor is a cytosolic sensor of protein misfolding that controls innate immune signaling. Science 2019; 365:eaaw4144. [PMID: 31273097 PMCID: PMC10433729 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cytosolic innate sensors form large signalosomes after activation, but this assembly needs to be tightly regulated to avoid accumulation of misfolded aggregates. We found that the eIF2α kinase heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) controls NOD1 signalosome folding and activation through a process requiring eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), the transcription factor ATF4, and the heat shock protein HSPB8. The HRI/eIF2α signaling axis was also essential for signaling downstream of the innate immune mediators NOD2, MAVS, and TRIF but dispensable for pathways dependent on MyD88 or STING. Moreover, filament-forming α-synuclein activated HRI-dependent responses, which suggests that the HRI pathway may restrict toxic oligomer formation. We propose that HRI, eIF2α, and HSPB8 define a novel cytosolic unfolded protein response (cUPR) essential for optimal innate immune signaling by large molecular platforms, functionally homologous to the PERK/eIF2α/HSPA5 axis of the endoplasmic reticulum UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Abdel-Nour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leticia A. M. Carneiro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Tsalikis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Outlioua
- INSERM U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Dave Prescott
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Elise S. Hovingh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Farahvash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan G. Gaudet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael Molinaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles C. Y. Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farshad C. Azimi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott D. Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jane-Jane Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dana J. Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Arnoult
- INSERM U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Stephen E. Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Imperiali B. Bacterial carbohydrate diversity - a Brave New World. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:1-8. [PMID: 31176085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans and glycoconjugates feature on the 'front line' of bacterial cells, playing critical roles in the mechanical and chemical stability of the microorganisms, and orchestrating interactions with the environment and all other living organisms. To negotiate such central tasks, bacterial glycomes incorporate a dizzying array of carbohydrate building blocks and non-carbohydrate modifications, which create opportunities for infinite structural variation. This review highlights some of the challenges and opportunities for the chemical biology community in the field of bacterial glycobiology.
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31
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Molinaro R, Mukherjee T, Flick R, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. Trace levels of peptidoglycan in serum underlie the NOD-dependent cytokine response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9007-9015. [PMID: 30996003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 are intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan that belong to the Nod-like receptor family of innate immune proteins. In addition to their role as direct bacterial sensors, it was proposed that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins could detect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase family that pumps Ca2+ into the ER, resulting in pro-inflammatory signaling. Here, we confirm that thapsigargin induces NOD-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling in epithelial cells. However, the effect was specific to thapsigargin, as tunicamycin and the subtilase cytotoxin SubAB from Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, which induce ER stress by other mechanisms, did not induce cytokine expression. The calcium ionophore A23187 also induced NOD-dependent signaling, and calcium chelators demonstrated a role for both intracellular and extracellular calcium in mediating thapsigargin-induced and NOD-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling, in part through the activation of plasma membrane-associated calcium release-activated channels. Moreover, our results demonstrate that both endocytosis and the addition of serum to the cell culture medium were required for thapsigargin-mediated NOD activation. Finally, we analyzed cell culture grade fetal calf serum as well as serum from laboratory mice using HPLC and MS identified the presence of various peptidoglycan fragments. We propose that cellular perturbations that affect intracellular Ca2+ can trigger internalization of peptidoglycan trace contaminants found in culture serum, thereby stimulating pro-inflammatory signaling. The presence of peptidoglycan in animal serum suggests that a homeostatic function of NOD signaling may have been previously overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Molinaro
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and
| | - Tapas Mukherjee
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and
| | - Robert Flick
- BioZone, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 and
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and .,Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 and
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32
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Shigella
is a genus of Gram-negative enteropathogens that have long been, and continue to be, an important public health concern worldwide. Over the past several decades,
Shigella
spp. have also served as model pathogens in the study of bacterial pathogenesis, and
Shigella flexneri
has become one of the best-studied pathogens on a molecular, cellular, and tissue level. In the arms race between
Shigella
and the host immune system,
Shigella
has developed highly sophisticated mechanisms to subvert host cell processes in order to promote infection, escape immune detection, and prevent bacterial clearance. Here, we give an overview of
Shigella
pathogenesis while highlighting innovative techniques and methods whose application has significantly advanced our understanding of
Shigella
pathogenesis in recent years.
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33
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Koestler BJ, Ward CM, Fisher CR, Rajan A, Maresso AW, Payne SM. Human Intestinal Enteroids as a Model System of Shigella Pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00733-18. [PMID: 30642906 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00733-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric bacterium and intracellular human pathogen Shigella causes hundreds of millions of cases of the diarrheal disease shigellosis per year worldwide. Shigella is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food or water; upon reaching the colon, the bacteria invade colonic epithelial cells, replicate intracellularly, spread to adjacent cells, and provoke an intense inflammatory response. There is no animal model that faithfully recapitulates human disease; thus, cultured cells have been used to model Shigella pathogenesis. However, the use of transformed cells in culture does not provide the same environment to the bacteria as the normal human intestinal epithelium. Recent advances in tissue culture now enable the cultivation of human intestinal enteroids (HIEs), which are derived from human intestinal stem cells, grown ex vivo, and then differentiated into "mini-intestines." Here, we demonstrate that HIEs can be used to model Shigella pathogenesis. We show that Shigella flexneri invades polarized HIE monolayers preferentially via the basolateral surface. After S. flexneri invades HIE monolayers, S. flexneri replicates within HIE cells and forms actin tails. S. flexneri also increases the expression of HIE proinflammatory signals and the amino acid transporter SLC7A5. Finally, we demonstrate that disruption of HIE tight junctions enables S. flexneri invasion via the apical surface.
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34
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Hu X, Yang C, Wang PG, Zhang GL. ADP-heptose: A new innate immune modulator. Carbohydr Res 2019; 473:123-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Huang WC, Liao JH, Hsiao TC, Wei TYW, Maestre-Reyna M, Bessho Y, Tsai MD. Binding and Enhanced Binding between Key Immunity Proteins TRAF6 and TIFA. Chembiochem 2018; 20:140-146. [PMID: 30378729 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF)-interacting protein, with a forkhead-associated domain (TIFA), is a key regulator of NF-κB activation. It also plays a key role in the activation of innate immunity in response to bacterial infection, through heptose 1,7-bisphosphate (HBP); a metabolite of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the mechanism of TIFA function is largely unexplored, except for the suggestion of interaction with TRAF6. Herein, we provide evidence for direct binding, albeit weak, between TIFA and the TRAF domain of TRAF6, and it is shown that the binding is enhanced for a rationally designed double mutant, TIFA S174Q/M179D. Enhanced binding was also demonstrated for endogenous full-length TRAF6. Furthermore, the structures of the TRAF domain complexes with the consensus TRAF-binding peptides from the C terminus of wild-type and S174Q/M179D mutant TIFA, showing salt-bridge formation between residues 177-181 of TIFA and the binding pocket residues of the TRAF domain, were solved. Taken together, the results provide direct evidence and a structural basis for the TIFA-TRAF6 interaction, and show how this important biological function can be modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Hsiao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Manuel Maestre-Reyna
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yoshitaka Bessho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National (Taiwan) University, 1, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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36
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Ryzhakov G, West NR, Franchini F, Clare S, Ilott NE, Sansom SN, Bullers SJ, Pearson C, Costain A, Vaughan-Jackson A, Goettel JA, Ermann J, Horwitz BH, Buti L, Lu X, Mukhopadhyay S, Snapper SB, Powrie F. Alpha kinase 1 controls intestinal inflammation by suppressing the IL-12/Th1 axis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3797. [PMID: 30228258 PMCID: PMC6143560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are heterogenous disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a spectrum of genetic and environmental factors. In mice, overlapping regions of chromosome 3 have been associated with susceptibility to IBD-like pathology, including a locus called Hiccs. However, the specific gene that controls disease susceptibility remains unknown. Here we identify a Hiccs locus gene, Alpk1 (encoding alpha kinase 1), as a potent regulator of intestinal inflammation. In response to infection with the commensal pathobiont Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh), Alpk1-deficient mice display exacerbated interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 dependent colitis characterized by an enhanced Th1/interferon(IFN)-γ response. Alpk1 controls intestinal immunity via the hematopoietic system and is highly expressed by mononuclear phagocytes. In response to Hh, Alpk1-/- macrophages produce abnormally high amounts of IL-12, but not IL-23. This study demonstrates that Alpk1 promotes intestinal homoeostasis by regulating the balance of type 1/type 17 immunity following microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Ryzhakov
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel R West
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
- Genentech, Department of Cancer Immunology, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Fanny Franchini
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas E Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Bullers
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Costain
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Alun Vaughan-Jackson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ludovico Buti
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott B Snapper
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
A commentary on “Alpha-kinase 1 is a cytosolic innate immune receptor for bacterial ADP-heptose”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Stevens JS, Criss AK. Pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the female reproductive tract: neutrophilic host response, sustained infection, and clinical sequelae. Curr Opin Hematol 2018; 25:13-21. [PMID: 29016383 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gonorrhea is a major global health concern, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The main clinical feature of acute gonorrhea is neutrophilic influx that is unable to clear infection. Women of reproductive age are predominantly at risk for serious sequelae of gonorrhea, including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. This review will highlight how neutrophils are recruited to the female reproductive tract (FRT) in response to N. gonorrhoeae, how N. gonorrhoeae resists killing by neutrophils, and the connection between neutrophilic inflammation and cellular damage. RECENT FINDINGS Epithelial cells and immune cells of the FRT recognize and respond to N. gonorrhoeae lipid A and heptose bisphosphate of lipooligosaccharide, porin, lipoproteins, and peptidoglycan fragments. N. gonorrhoeae skews the resulting immune response toward a neutrophilic, Th17-like response. N. gonorrhoeae has multiple, nonredundant mechanisms to survive inside neutrophils and in neutrophil extracellular traps. Infection that ascends to the upper FRT induces the further release of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, which cause epithelial damage. SUMMARY N. gonorrhoeae is remarkable in its ability to recruit neutrophils, yet survive in their midst. New models being developed for FRT infection with N. gonorrhoeae will be useful to reveal the mechanisms underlying these observations.
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Pachathundikandi K, Backert S. Heptose 1,7-Bisphosphate Directed TIFA Oligomerization: A Novel PAMP-Recognizing Signaling Platform in the Control of Bacterial Infections. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:778-783. [PMID: 29337150 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Backert
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Tran LS, Tran D, De Paoli A, D'Costa K, Creed SJ, Ng GZ, Le L, Sutton P, Silke J, Nachbur U, Ferrero RL. NOD1 is required forHelicobacter pyloriinduction of IL-33 responses in gastric epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12826. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Son Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Darren Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Amanda De Paoli
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Kimberley D'Costa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Sarah J. Creed
- Monash Micro Imaging, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Garrett Z. Ng
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; The Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
- School of Veterinary and Agricultural Science; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Lena Le
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; The Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
- School of Veterinary and Agricultural Science; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - J. Silke
- Division of Cell Signalling and Cell Death; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - U. Nachbur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Cell Death; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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41
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Sepehri Z, Kiani Z, Afshari M, Kohan F, Dalvand A, Ghavami S. Inflammasomes and type 2 diabetes: An updated systematic review. Immunol Lett 2017; 192:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zimmermann S, Pfannkuch L, Al-Zeer MA, Bartfeld S, Koch M, Liu J, Rechner C, Soerensen M, Sokolova O, Zamyatina A, Kosma P, Mäurer AP, Glowinski F, Pleissner KP, Schmid M, Brinkmann V, Karlas A, Naumann M, Rother M, Machuy N, Meyer TF. ALPK1- and TIFA-Dependent Innate Immune Response Triggered by the Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2384-2395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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43
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Sauvageau J, Bhasin M, Guo CX, Adekoya IA, Gray-Owen SD, Oscarson S, Guazzelli L, Cox A. Alternate synthesis to d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose 1,7-biphosphate. Carbohydr Res 2017; 450:38-43. [PMID: 28866079 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose 1,7-biphosphate (HBP) is an enzymatic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the heptose component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and was recently revealed to be a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that allows detection of Gram-negative bacteria by the mammalian immune system. Cellular detection of HBP depends upon its stimulation of a cascade that leads to the phosphorylation and assembly of the TRAF-interacting with forkhead-associated domain protein A (TIFA), which activates the transcription factor NF-κB. In this note, an alternate chemical synthesis of HBP is described and its biological activity is established, providing pure material for further assessing and exploiting the biological activity of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Sauvageau
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Milan Bhasin
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Cynthia X Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Itunuoluwa A Adekoya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrew Cox
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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44
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Gall A, Gaudet RG, Gray-Owen SD, Salama NR. TIFA Signaling in Gastric Epithelial Cells Initiates the cag Type 4 Secretion System-Dependent Innate Immune Response to Helicobacter pylori Infection. mBio 2017; 8:e01168-17. [PMID: 28811347 PMCID: PMC5559637 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01168-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial pathogen that colonizes the human stomach, causing inflammation which, in some cases, leads to gastric ulcers and cancer. The clinical outcome of infection depends on a complex interplay of bacterial, host genetic, and environmental factors. Although H. pylori is recognized by both the innate and adaptive immune systems, this rarely results in bacterial clearance. Gastric epithelial cells are the first line of defense against H. pylori and alert the immune system to bacterial presence. Cytosolic delivery of proinflammatory bacterial factors through the cag type 4 secretion system (cag-T4SS) has long been appreciated as the major mechanism by which gastric epithelial cells detect H. pylori Classically attributed to the peptidoglycan sensor NOD1, recent work has highlighted the role of NOD1-independent pathways in detecting H. pylori; however, the bacterial and host factors involved have remained unknown. Here, we show that bacterially derived heptose-1,7-bisphosphate (HBP), a metabolic precursor in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, is delivered to the host cytosol through the cag-T4SS, where it activates the host tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA)-dependent cytosolic surveillance pathway. This response, which is independent of NOD1, drives robust NF-κB-dependent inflammation within hours of infection and precedes NOD1 activation. We also found that the CagA toxin contributes to the NF-κB-driven response subsequent to TIFA and NOD1 activation. Taken together, our results indicate that the sequential activation of TIFA, NOD1, and CagA delivery drives the initial inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells, orchestrating the subsequent recruitment of immune cells and leading to chronic gastritis.IMPORTANCEH. pylori is a globally prevalent cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers and cancer. H. pylori antibiotic resistance is rapidly increasing, and a vaccine remains elusive. The earliest immune response to H. pylori is initiated by gastric epithelial cells and sets the stage for the subsequent immunopathogenesis. This study revealed that host TIFA and H. pylori-derived HBP are critical effectors of innate immune signaling that account for much of the inflammatory response to H. pylori in gastric epithelial cells. HBP is delivered to the host cell via the cag-T4SS at a time point that precedes activation of the previously described NOD1 and CagA inflammatory pathways. Manipulation of the TIFA-driven immune response in the host and/or targeting of ADP-heptose biosynthesis enzymes in H. pylori may therefore provide novel strategies that may be therapeutically harnessed to achieve bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alevtina Gall
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan G Gaudet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis and of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina R Salama
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Stein SC, Faber E, Bats SH, Murillo T, Speidel Y, Coombs N, Josenhans C. Helicobacter pylori modulates host cell responses by CagT4SS-dependent translocation of an intermediate metabolite of LPS inner core heptose biosynthesis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006514. [PMID: 28715499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly virulent Helicobacter pylori cause proinflammatory signaling inducing the transcriptional activation and secretion of cytokines such as IL-8 in epithelial cells. Responsible in part for this signaling is the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) that codetermines the risk for pathological sequelae of an H. pylori infection such as gastric cancer. The Cag type IV secretion system (CagT4SS), encoded on the cagPAI, can translocate various molecules into cells, the effector protein CagA, peptidoglycan metabolites and DNA. Although these transported molecules are known to contribute to cellular responses to some extent, a major part of the cagPAI-induced signaling leading to IL-8 secretion remains unexplained. We report here that biosynthesis of heptose-1,7-bisphosphate (HBP), an important intermediate metabolite of LPS inner heptose core, contributes in a major way to the H. pylori cagPAI-dependent induction of proinflammatory signaling and IL-8 secretion in human epithelial cells. Mutants defective in the genes required for synthesis of HBP exhibited a more than 95% reduction of IL-8 induction and impaired CagT4SS-dependent cellular signaling. The loss of HBP biosynthesis did not abolish the ability to translocate CagA. The human cellular adaptor TIFA, which was described before to mediate HBP-dependent activity in other Gram-negative bacteria, was crucial in the cagPAI- and HBP pathway-induced responses by H. pylori in different cell types. The active metabolite was present in H. pylori lysates but not enriched in bacterial supernatants. These novel results advance our mechanistic understanding of H. pylori cagPAI-dependent signaling mediated by intracellular pattern recognition receptors. They will also allow to better dissect immunomodulatory activities by H. pylori and to improve the possibilities of intervention in cagPAI- and inflammation-driven cancerogenesis. The Cag Type IV secretion system, which contributes to inflammation and cancerogenesis during chronic infection, is one of the major virulence and fitness factors of the bacterial gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Up to now, the mechanisms leading to cagPAI-dependent signal transduction and cytokine secretion were not completely understood. We report here that HBP, an intermediate metabolite in LPS core heptose biosynthesis, is translocated into host cells dependent on the CagT4SS, and is a major factor leading to the activation of cellular responses. This response is connected to the human cellular adaptor protein TIFA. The knowledge of this specific response pathway is a major advance in understanding CagT4SS-dependent signaling and will enable us to understand better how H. pylori modulates the immune response repertoire in its human host.
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