1
|
Naß J, Terglane J, Zeuschner D, Gerke V. Evoked Weibel-Palade Body Exocytosis Modifies the Endothelial Cell Surface by Releasing a Substrate-Selective Phosphodiesterase. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306624. [PMID: 38359017 PMCID: PMC11040351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Weibel Palade bodies (WPB) are lysosome-related secretory organelles of endothelial cells. Commonly known for their main cargo, the platelet and leukocyte receptors von-Willebrand factor (VWF) and P-selectin, WPB play a crucial role in hemostasis and inflammation. Here, the authors identify the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain-containing protein 5 (GDPD5) as a WPB cargo protein and show that GDPD5 is transported to WPB following uptake from the plasma membrane via an unique endocytic transport route. GDPD5 cleaves GPI-anchored, plasma membrane-resident proteins within their GPI-motif, thereby regulating their local activity. The authors identify a novel target of GDPD5 , the complement regulator CD59, and show that it is released from the endothelial surface by GDPD5 following WPB exocytosis. This results in increased deposition of complement components and can enhance local inflammatory and thrombogenic responses. Thus, stimulus-induced WPB exocytosis can modify the endothelial cell surface by GDPD5-mediated selective release of a subset of GPI-anchored proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Naß
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationUniversity of Muenstervon‐Esmarch‐Str. 5648149MuensterGermany
| | - Julian Terglane
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationUniversity of Muenstervon‐Esmarch‐Str. 5648149MuensterGermany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy FacilityMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRoentgenstr. 2048149MuensterGermany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationUniversity of Muenstervon‐Esmarch‐Str. 5648149MuensterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martinez-Campanario MC, Cortés M, Moreno-Lanceta A, Han L, Ninfali C, Domínguez V, Andrés-Manzano MJ, Farràs M, Esteve-Codina A, Enrich C, Díaz-Crespo FJ, Pintado B, Escolà-Gil JC, García de Frutos P, Andrés V, Melgar-Lesmes P, Postigo A. Atherosclerotic plaque development in mice is enhanced by myeloid ZEB1 downregulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8316. [PMID: 38097578 PMCID: PMC10721632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial neointima is a critical step in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Here, we show that reduced levels of the cellular plasticity factor ZEB1 in macrophages increase atherosclerotic plaque formation and the chance of cardiovascular events. Compared to control counterparts (Zeb1WT/ApoeKO), male mice with Zeb1 ablation in their myeloid cells (Zeb1∆M/ApoeKO) have larger atherosclerotic plaques and higher lipid accumulation in their macrophages due to delayed lipid traffic and deficient cholesterol efflux. Zeb1∆M/ApoeKO mice display more pronounced systemic metabolic alterations than Zeb1WT/ApoeKO mice, with higher serum levels of low-density lipoproteins and inflammatory cytokines and larger ectopic fat deposits. Higher lipid accumulation in Zeb1∆M macrophages is reverted by the exogenous expression of Zeb1 through macrophage-targeted nanoparticles. In vivo administration of these nanoparticles reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation in Zeb1∆M/ApoeKO mice. Finally, low ZEB1 expression in human endarterectomies is associated with plaque rupture and cardiovascular events. These results set ZEB1 in macrophages as a potential target in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Martinez-Campanario
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlies Cortés
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alazne Moreno-Lanceta
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lu Han
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Domínguez
- Transgenesis Facility, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB) and Center for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM-CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Andrés-Manzano
- Group of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical, Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau, University Autonomous of Barcelona, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Enrich
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of signal transduction, intracellular compartments and cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Díaz-Crespo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pintado
- Transgenesis Facility, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB) and Center for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM-CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan C Escolà-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau, University Autonomous of Barcelona, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García de Frutos
- Center for Biomedical, Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department Of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Group of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical, Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Targets Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, J.G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao N, Deng G, Yuan PX, Zhang YF, Jiang LY, Zhao X, Song BL. TMEM241 is a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter required for M6P modification of NPC2 and cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100465. [PMID: 37890669 PMCID: PMC10689955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate intracellular cholesterol traffic plays crucial roles. Niemann Pick type C (NPC) proteins NPC1 and NPC2, are two lysosomal cholesterol transporters that mediate the cholesterol exit from lysosomes. However, other proteins involved in this process remain poorly defined. Here, we find that the previously unannotated protein TMEM241 is required for cholesterol egressing from lysosomes through amphotericin B-based genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 KO screening. Ablation of TMEM241 caused impaired sorting of NPC2, a protein utilizes the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification for lysosomal targeting, resulting in cholesterol accumulation in the lysosomes. TMEM241 is a member of solute transporters 35 nucleotide sugar transporters family and localizes on the cis-Golgi network. Our data indicate that TMEM241 transports UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) into Golgi lumen and UDP-GlcNAc is used for the M6P modification of proteins including NPC2. Furthermore, Tmem241-deficient mice display cholesterol accumulation in pulmonary cells and behave pulmonary injury and hypokinesia. Taken together, we demonstrate that TMEM241 is a Golgi-localized UDP-GlcNAc transporter and loss of TMEM241 causes cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes because of the impaired M6P-dependent lysosomal targeting of NPC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Xin Yuan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Fen Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Jiang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee D, Hong JH. Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPDC) by Mutation of NPC1 and NPC2: Aberrant Lysosomal Cholesterol Trafficking and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2021. [PMID: 38136141 PMCID: PMC10740957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol trafficking is initiated by the endocytic pathway and transported from endo/lysosomes to other intracellular organelles. Deficiencies in cholesterol-sensing and binding proteins NPC1 and NPC2 induce accumulation in lysosomes and the malfunction of trafficking to other organelles. Each organelle possesses regulatory factors to induce cholesterol trafficking. The mutation of NPC1 and NPC2 genes induces Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPDC), which is a hereditary disease and causes progressive neurodegeneration, developmental disability, hypotonia, and ataxia. Oxidative stress induces damage in NPDC-related intracellular organelles. Although studies on the relationship between NPDC and oxidation are relatively rare, several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in treating NPDC. Investigating antioxidant drugs to relieve oxidative stress and cholesterol accumulation is suggested to be a powerful tool for developing treatments for NPDC. Understanding NPDC provides challenging issues in understanding the oxidative stress-lysosome metabolism of the lipid axis. Thus, we elucidated the relationship between complexes of intracellular organelles and NPDC to develop our knowledge and suggested potential antioxidant reagents for NPDC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li M, Ma L, Chen Y, Li J, Wang Y, You W, Yuan H, Tang X, Ouyang H, Pang D. Large-Scale CRISPR Screen of LDLR Pathogenic Variants. Research (Wash D C) 2023; 6:0203. [PMID: 37496633 PMCID: PMC10368174 DOI: 10.34133/research.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a frequently occurring genetic disorder that is linked to early-onset cardiovascular disease. If left untreated, patients with this condition can develop severe cardiovascular complications. Unfortunately, many patients remain undiagnosed, and even when diagnosed, the treatment is often not optimal. Although mutations in the LDLR gene are the primary cause of FH, predicting whether novel variants are pathogenic is not a straightforward task. Understanding the functionality of LDLR variants is crucial in uncovering the genetic basis of FH. Our study utilized CRISPR/Cas9 cytosine base editors in pooled screens to establish a novel approach for functionally assessing tens of thousands of LDLR variants on a large scale. A total of more than 100 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting LDLR pathogenic mutations were successfully screened with relatively high accuracy. Out of these, 5 sgRNAs were further subjected to functional verification studies, including 1 in the promoter, 1 in the antisense RNA, 1 in the exon, and 2 in the intron. Except for the variant caused by the sgRNA located at intron 16, the functionalities of the other LDLR variants were all downregulated. The high similarity of LDLR intron sequences may lead to some false positives. Overall, these results confirm the reliability of the large-scale screening strategy for functional analysis of LDLR variants, and the screened candidate pathogenic mutations could be used as an auxiliary means of clinical gene detection to prevent FH-induced heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Li
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine,
Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lerong Ma
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute,
Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwu Chen
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute,
Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Wenni You
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute,
Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute,
Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute,
Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center,
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute,
Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khakurel A, Lupashin VV. Role of GARP Vesicle Tethering Complex in Golgi Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6069. [PMID: 37047041 PMCID: PMC10094427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi associated retrograde protein complex (GARP) is an evolutionarily conserved component of Golgi membrane trafficking machinery that belongs to the Complexes Associated with Tethering Containing Helical Rods (CATCHR) family. Like other multisubunit tethering complexes such as COG, Dsl1, and Exocyst, the GARP is believed to function by tethering and promoting fusion of the endosome-derived small trafficking intermediate. However, even twenty years after its discovery, the exact structure and the functions of GARP are still an enigma. Recent studies revealed novel roles for GARP in Golgi physiology and identified human patients with mutations in GARP subunits. In this review, we summarized our knowledge of the structure of the GARP complex, its protein partners, GARP functions related to Golgi physiology, as well as cellular defects associated with the dysfunction of GARP subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khakurel A, Kudlyk T, Lupashin VV. Generation and Analysis of hTERT-RPE1 VPS54 Knock-Out and Rescued Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2557:349-364. [PMID: 36512226 PMCID: PMC10026839 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex is proposed to tether endosome-derived transport vesicles, but the exact function and mechanism of GARP action are not completely understood. To uncover the GARP function in human cells, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and knock out (KO) the unique VPS54 subunit of the GARP complex. In this chapter, we describe the detailed method of generating CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VPS54-KO in hTERT-RPE1 cells, rescue of resulting KO cells with stable near-endogenous expression of myc-tagged VPS54, and validation of KO and rescued (KO-R) cells using Western blot and immunofluorescence approaches. This approach is helpful in uncovering new functions of the GARP and other vesicle tethering complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Khakurel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khakurel A, Kudlyk T, Pokrovskaya I, D’Souza Z, Lupashin VV. GARP dysfunction results in COPI displacement, depletion of Golgi v-SNAREs and calcium homeostasis proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1066504. [PMID: 36578782 PMCID: PMC9791199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1066504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) is an evolutionary conserved heterotetrameric protein complex that tethers endosome-derived vesicles and is vital for Golgi glycosylation. Microscopy and proteomic approaches were employed to investigate defects in Golgi physiology in RPE1 cells depleted for the GARP complex. Both cis and trans-Golgi compartments were significantly enlarged in GARP-knock-out (KO) cells. Proteomic analysis of Golgi-enriched membranes revealed significant depletion of a subset of Golgi residents, including Ca2+ binding proteins, enzymes, and SNAREs. Validation of proteomics studies revealed that SDF4 and ATP2C1, related to Golgi calcium homeostasis, as well as intra-Golgi v-SNAREs GOSR1 and BET1L, were significantly depleted in GARP-KO cells. Finding that GARP-KO is more deleterious to Golgi physiology than deletion of GARP-sensitive v-SNAREs, prompted a detailed investigation of COPI trafficking machinery. We discovered that in GARP-KO cells COPI is significantly displaced from the Golgi and partially relocalized to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Moreover, COPI accessory proteins GOLPH3, ARFGAP1, GBF1, and BIG1 are also relocated to off-Golgi compartments. We propose that the dysregulation of COPI machinery, along with the depletion of Golgi v-SNAREs and alteration of Golgi Ca2+ homeostasis, are the major driving factors for the depletion of Golgi resident proteins, structural alterations, and glycosylation defects in GARP deficient cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonet-Ponce L, Cookson MR. LRRK2 recruitment, activity, and function in organelles. FEBS J 2022; 289:6871-6890. [PMID: 34196120 PMCID: PMC8744135 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein coding mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and noncoding variations around the gene increase the risk of developing sporadic PD. It is generally accepted that pathogenic LRRK2 mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity, resulting in a toxic hyperactive protein that is inferred to lead to the PD phenotype. LRRK2 has long been linked to different membrane trafficking events, but the specific role of LRRK2 in these events has been difficult to resolve. Recently, several papers have reported the activation and translocation of LRRK2 to cellular organelles under specific conditions, which suggests that LRRK2 may influence intracellular membrane trafficking. Here, we review what is known about the role of LRRK2 at various organelle compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Correspondence: Mark R. Cookson, Ph.D., Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A–116, Bethesda, MD, 20892–3707, USA. Phone: 301–451–3870,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
O’Brien CE, Younger SH, Jan LY, Jan YN. The GARP complex prevents sterol accumulation at the trans-Golgi network during dendrite remodeling. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 222:213548. [PMID: 36239632 PMCID: PMC9577387 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for sculpting neuronal morphology. The GARP and EARP complexes are conserved tethers that regulate vesicle trafficking in the secretory and endolysosomal pathways, respectively. Both complexes contain the Vps51, Vps52, and Vps53 proteins, and a complex-specific protein: Vps54 in GARP and Vps50 in EARP. In Drosophila, we find that both complexes are required for dendrite morphogenesis during developmental remodeling of multidendritic class IV da (c4da) neurons. Having found that sterol accumulates at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in Vps54KO/KO neurons, we investigated genes that regulate sterols and related lipids at the TGN. Overexpression of oxysterol binding protein (Osbp) or knockdown of the PI4K four wheel drive (fwd) exacerbates the Vps54KO/KO phenotype, whereas eliminating one allele of Osbp rescues it, suggesting that excess sterol accumulation at the TGN is, in part, responsible for inhibiting dendrite regrowth. These findings distinguish the GARP and EARP complexes in neurodevelopment and implicate vesicle trafficking and lipid transfer pathways in dendrite morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. O’Brien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan H. Younger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anderson J, Walker G, Pu J. BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for lysosomal cholesterol egress through NPC2. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar81. [PMID: 35653304 PMCID: PMC9582633 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0595-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes receive extracellular and intracellular cholesterol and redistribute it throughout the cell. Cholesterol egress from lysosomes is critical for cholesterol homeostasis, and its failure underlies the pathogenesis of genetic disorders such as Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease. Here we report that the BLOC one-related complex (BORC)-ARL8-homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) ensemble is required for egress of free cholesterol from lysosomes and for storage of esterified cholesterol in lipid droplets. Depletion of BORC, ARL8, or HOPS does not alter the localization of the lysosomal transmembrane cholesterol transporter NPC1 to degradative compartments but decreases the association of the luminal transporter NPC2 and increases NPC2 secretion. BORC-ARL8-HOPS depletion also increases lysosomal degradation of cation-independent (CI)-mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor (MPR), which normally sorts NPC2 to the endosomal-lysosomal system and then is recycled to the trans-Golgi network. These defects likely result from impaired HOPS-dependent fusion of endosomal-lysosomal organelles and an uncharacterized function of HOPS in CI-MPR recycling. Our study demonstrates that the BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for cholesterol egress from lysosomes by enabling CI-MPR-dependent trafficking of NPC2 to the endosomal-lysosomal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Anderson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Gerard Walker
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jing Pu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O’Neill KI, Kuo LW, Williams MM, Lind H, Crump LS, Hammond NG, Spoelstra NS, Caino MC, Richer JK. NPC1 Confers Metabolic Flexibility in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3543. [PMID: 35884604 PMCID: PMC9319388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often undergoes at least partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to facilitate metastasis. Identifying EMT-associated characteristics can reveal novel dependencies that may serve as therapeutic vulnerabilities in this aggressive breast cancer subtype. We found that NPC1, which encodes the lysosomal cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick type C1 is highly expressed in TNBC as compared to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, and is significantly elevated in high-grade disease. We demonstrated that NPC1 is directly targeted by microRNA-200c (miR-200c), a potent suppressor of EMT, providing a mechanism for its differential expression in breast cancer subtypes. The silencing of NPC1 in TNBC causes an accumulation of cholesterol-filled lysosomes, and drives decreased growth in soft agar and invasive capacity. Conversely, overexpression of NPC1 in an ER+ cell line increases invasion and growth in soft agar. We further identified TNBC cell lines as cholesterol auxotrophs, however, they do not solely depend on NPC1 for adequate cholesterol supply. The silencing of NPC1 in TNBC cell lines led to altered mitochondrial function and morphology, suppression of mTOR signaling, and accumulation of autophagosomes. A small molecule inhibitor of NPC1, U18666A, decreased TNBC proliferation and synergized with the chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel. This work suggests that NPC1 promotes aggressive characteristics in TNBC, and identifies NPC1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I. O’Neill
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Michelle M. Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Hanne Lind
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Lyndsey S. Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Nia G. Hammond
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Nicole S. Spoelstra
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| | - M. Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.I.O.); (L.-W.K.); (M.M.W.); (H.L.); (L.S.C.); (N.G.H.); (N.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Oxysterols are produced physiologically by many species; however, their distinct roles in regulating human physiology have not been studied systematically. The role of differing oxidation states and sites in mediating their biological functions is also unclear. As oxysterols have been associated with atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer, a better understanding of their protein targets is desirable. To address this, we mapped the oxysterol interactome with three A- and B-ring oxidized sterols as well as 25-hydroxy cholesterol using thermal proteome profiling, validating selected targets with the cellular thermal shift assay and isothermal dose response fingerprinting. This revealed that the site of oxidation has a profound impact on target selectivity, with each oxysterol possessing an almost unique set of target proteins. Overall, targets clustered in pathways relating to vesicular transport and phosphoinositide metabolism, suggesting that while individual oxysterols bind to a unique set of proteins, the processes they modulate are highly interconnected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luca Laraia
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marastoni S, Madariaga A, Pesic A, Nair SN, Li ZJ, Shalev Z, Ketela T, Colombo I, Mandilaras V, Cabanero M, Bruce JP, Li X, Garg S, Wang L, Chen EX, Gill S, Dhani NC, Zhang W, Pintilie M, Bowering V, Koritzinsky M, Rottapel R, Wouters BG, Oza AM, Joshua AM, Lheureux S. Repurposing Itraconazole and Hydroxychloroquine to Target Lysosomal Homeostasis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res Commun 2022; 2:293-306. [PMID: 36875717 PMCID: PMC9981200 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an attractive option for oncology drug development. Itraconazole is an antifungal ergosterol synthesis inhibitor that has pleiotropic actions including cholesterol antagonism, inhibition of Hedgehog and mTOR pathways. We tested a panel of 28 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines with itraconazole to define its spectrum of activity. To identify synthetic lethality in combination with itraconazole, a whole-genome drop-out genome-scale clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats sensitivity screen in two cell lines (TOV1946 and OVCAR5) was performed. On this basis, we conducted a phase I dose-escalation study assessing the combination of itraconazole and hydroxychloroquine in patients with platinum refractory EOC (NCT03081702). We identified a wide spectrum of sensitivity to itraconazole across the EOC cell lines. Pathway analysis showed significant involvement of lysosomal compartments, the trans-golgi network and late endosomes/lysosomes; similar pathways are phenocopied by the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine. We then demonstrated that the combination of itraconazole and chloroquine displayed Bliss defined synergy in EOC cancer cell lines. Furthermore, there was an association of cytotoxic synergy with the ability to induce functional lysosome dysfunction, by chloroquine. Within the clinical trial, 11 patients received at least one cycle of itraconazole and hydroxychloroquine. Treatment was safe and feasible with the recommended phase II dose of 300 and 600 mg twice daily, respectively. No objective responses were detected. Pharmacodynamic measurements on serial biopsies demonstrated limited pharmacodynamic impact. In vitro, itraconazole and chloroquine have synergistic activity and exert a potent antitumor effect by affecting lysosomal function. The drug combination had no clinical antitumor activity in dose escalation. Significance The combination of the antifungal drug itraconazole with antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine leads to a cytotoxic lysosomal dysfunction, supporting the rational for further research on lysosomal targeting in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marastoni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ainhoa Madariaga
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Pesic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sree Narayanan Nair
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhu Juan Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zvi Shalev
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilaria Colombo
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Mandilaras
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cabanero
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Swati Garg
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric X Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarbjot Gill
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neesha C Dhani
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenjiang Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Bowering
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
D’Souza Z, Sumya FT, Khakurel A, Lupashin V. Getting Sugar Coating Right! The Role of the Golgi Trafficking Machinery in Glycosylation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123275. [PMID: 34943782 PMCID: PMC8699264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is the central organelle of the secretory pathway and it houses the majority of the glycosylation machinery, which includes glycosylation enzymes and sugar transporters. Correct compartmentalization of the glycosylation machinery is achieved by retrograde vesicular trafficking as the secretory cargo moves forward by cisternal maturation. The vesicular trafficking machinery which includes vesicular coats, small GTPases, tethers and SNAREs, play a major role in coordinating the Golgi trafficking thereby achieving Golgi homeostasis. Glycosylation is a template-independent process, so its fidelity heavily relies on appropriate localization of the glycosylation machinery and Golgi homeostasis. Mutations in the glycosylation enzymes, sugar transporters, Golgi ion channels and several vesicle tethering factors cause congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) which encompass a group of multisystem disorders with varying severities. Here, we focus on the Golgi vesicle tethering and fusion machinery, namely, multisubunit tethering complexes and SNAREs and their role in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation. This review is a comprehensive summary of all the identified CDG causing mutations of the Golgi trafficking machinery in humans.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu P, Li H, Sun W, Wang H, Yu X, Qing Y, Wang Z, Zhu M, Xu J, Guo Q, Hui H. Cholesterol-associated lysosomal disorder triggers cell death of hematological malignancy: Dynamic analysis on cytotoxic effects of LW-218. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3178-3192. [PMID: 34729308 PMCID: PMC8546890 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of lysosomes is of vital importance to survival of tumor cells. We demonstrated that LW-218, a synthetic flavonoid, induced rapid lysosomal enlargement accompanied with lysosomal membrane permeabilization in hematological malignancy. LW-218-induced lysosomal damage and lysosome-dependent cell death were mediated by cathepsin D, as the lysosomal damage and cell apoptosis could be suppressed by depletion of cathepsin D or lysosome alkalization agents, which can alter the activity of cathepsins. Lysophagy, was initiated for cell self-rescue after LW-218 treatment and correlated with calcium release and nuclei translocation of transcription factor EB. LW-218 treatment enhanced the expression of autophagy-related genes which could be inhibited by intracellular calcium chelator. Sustained exposure to LW-218 exhausted the lysosomal capacity so as to repress the normal autophagy. LW-218-induced enlargement and damage of lysosomes were triggered by abnormal cholesterol deposition on lysosome membrane which caused by interaction between LW-218 and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1. Moreover, LW-218 inhibited the leukemia cell growth in vivo. Thus, the necessary impact of integral lysosomal function in cell rescue and death were illustrated.
Collapse
Key Words
- AO, acridine orange
- ATG, autophagy related
- BAF A1, bafilomycin A1
- BID, BH3-interacting domain death agonist
- CCK8, Cell Counting Kit
- CTSB, cathepsin B
- CTSD, cathepsin D
- CaN, calcineurin
- Cathepsin D
- Cholesterol
- CsA, cyclosporine A
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride
- DCFH-DA, 2,7-dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate
- Dex, dexamethasone
- EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Hematological malignancies
- K48, lysine 48
- K63, lysine 63
- LAMPs, lysosomal-associated membrane proteins
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- LCD, lysosome-dependent cell death
- LMP, lysosome membrane permeabilization
- LW-218
- Lysophagy
- Lysosomal damage
- Lysosomal membrane permeabilization
- Lysosome-dependent cell death
- NH4Cl, ammonium chloride
- NPC, Niemann-Pick type disease C
- NPC1, NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1
- OD, optical density
- P62/SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RAB7A, RAS-related protein RAB-7a
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT-qPCR, real time quantitative PCR
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TRPML1, transient receptor potential mucolipin 1
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
Collapse
|
17
|
Khakurel A, Kudlyk T, Bonifacino JS, Lupashin VV. The Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex plays an essential role in the maintenance of the Golgi glycosylation machinery. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1594-1610. [PMID: 34161137 PMCID: PMC8351751 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a central hub for intracellular protein trafficking and glycosylation. Steady-state localization of glycosylation enzymes is achieved by a combination of mechanisms involving retention and recycling, but the machinery governing these mechanisms is poorly understood. Herein we show that the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex is a critical component of this machinery. Using multiple human cell lines, we show that depletion of GARP subunits impairs Golgi modification of N- and O-glycans and reduces the stability of glycoproteins and Golgi enzymes. Moreover, GARP-knockout (KO) cells exhibit reduced retention of glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi. A RUSH assay shows that, in GARP-KO cells, the enzyme beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 is not retained at the Golgi complex but instead is missorted to the endolysosomal system. We propose that the endosomal system is part of the trafficking itinerary of Golgi enzymes or their recycling adaptors and that the GARP complex is essential for recycling and stabilization of the Golgi glycosylation machinery. [Media: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Khakurel
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu YR, Yang NJ, Zhao ML, Tang ZS, Duan JA, Zhou R, Chen L, Sun J, Song ZX, Hu JH, Shi XB. Hypericum perforatum L. Regulates Glutathione Redox Stress and Normalizes Ggt1/Anpep Signaling to Alleviate OVX-Induced Kidney Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628651. [PMID: 33981220 PMCID: PMC8109178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause and associated renal complications are linked to systemic redox stress, and the causal factors remain unclear. As the role of Hypericum perforatum L. (HPL) in menopause-induced kidney disease therapy is still ambiguous, we aim to explore the effects of HPL on systemic redox stress under ovariectomy (OVX)-induced kidney dysfunction conditions. Here, using combined proteomic and metabolomic approaches, we constructed a multi-scaled “HPL-disease-gene-metabolite” network to generate a therapeutic “big picture” that indicated an important link between glutathione redox stress and kidney impairment. HPL exhibited the potential to maintain cellular redox homeostasis by inhibiting gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (Ggt1) overexpression, along with promoting the efflux of accumulated toxic amino acids and their metabolites. Moreover, HPL restored alanyl-aminopeptidase (Anpep) expression and metabolite shifts, promoting antioxidative metabolite processing, and recovery. These findings provide a comprehensive description of OVX-induced glutathione redox stress at multiple levels and support HPL therapy as an effective modulator in renal tissues to locally influence the glutathione metabolism pathway and subsequent redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ning-Juan Yang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Meng-Li Zhao
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jin-Hang Hu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xin-Bo Shi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is known to underpin many important cellular homeostatic functions, including trafficking, sorting and modifications of proteins or lipids. These functions are dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases, and the number of disease-related genes associated with Golgi apparatus is on the increase. Recently, many studies have suggested that the mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins can trigger the occurrence of diseases. By summarizing the pathogenesis of these genetic diseases, it was found that most of these diseases have defects in membrane trafficking. Such defects typically result in mislocalization of proteins, impaired glycosylation of proteins, and the accumulation of undegraded proteins. In the present review, we aim to understand the patterns of mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins and decipher the interplay between Golgi resident proteins and membrane trafficking pathway in cells. Furthermore, the detection of Golgi resident protein in human serum samples has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool for diseases, and its central role in membrane trafficking pathways provides possible targets for disease therapy. Thus, we also introduced the clinical value of Golgi apparatus in the present review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pallottini V, Pfrieger FW. Understanding and Treating Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: Models Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8979. [PMID: 33256121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms causing human diseases and to develop curative therapies. So far, these goals have been achieved for a small fraction of diseases, limiting factors being the availability, validity, and use of experimental models. Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) is a prime example for a disease that lacks a curative therapy despite substantial breakthroughs. This rare, fatal, and autosomal-recessive disorder is caused by defects in NPC1 or NPC2. These ubiquitously expressed proteins help cholesterol exit from the endosomal–lysosomal system. The dysfunction of either causes an aberrant accumulation of lipids with patients presenting a large range of disease onset, neurovisceral symptoms, and life span. Here, we note general aspects of experimental models, we describe the line-up used for NPC-related research and therapy development, and we provide an outlook on future topics.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ibuchi K, Fukaya M, Shinohara T, Hara Y, Shiroshima T, Sugawara T, Sakagami H. The Vps52 subunit of the GARP and EARP complexes is a novel Arf6-interacting protein that negatively regulates neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 2020; 1745:146905. [PMID: 32473257 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a small GTP-binding protein implicated in neuronal morphogenesis through endosomal trafficking and actin remodeling. In this study, we identified Vps52, a core subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) and endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complexes, as a novel Arf6-binding protein by yeast two-hybrid screening. Vps52 interacted specifically with GTP-bound Arf6 among the Arf family. Immunohistochemical analyses of hippocampal pyramidal cells revealed that fine punctate immunolabeling for Vps52 was distributed throughout neuronal compartments, most densely in the cell body and dendritic shafts, and was largely associated with trans-Golgi network and vesicular endomembranes. In cultured hippocampal neurons, knockdown of Vps52 increased total length of axons and dendrites; these phenotypes were completely restored by co-expression of shRNA-resistant full-length Vps52. However, co-expression of a Vps52 mutant lacking the ability to interact with Arf6 restored only the Vps52-knockdown phenotype of the dendritic length. The present findings suggest that Vps52 is a novel Arf6-interacting protein that regulates neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Ibuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinohara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiroshima
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Sugawara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiao J, Xiong Y, Yang LT, Wang JQ, Zhou ZM, Dong LW, Shi XJ, Zhao X, Luo J, Song BL. POST1/C12ORF49 regulates the SREBP pathway by promoting site-1 protease maturation. Protein Cell 2020; 12:279-296. [PMID: 32666500 PMCID: PMC8019017 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are the key transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism. The activation of SREBP requires translocation of the SREBP precursor from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where it is sequentially cleaved by site-1 protease (S1P) and site-2 protease and releases a nuclear form to modulate gene expression. To search for new genes regulating cholesterol metabolism, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen and find that partner of site-1 protease (POST1), encoded by C12ORF49, is critically involved in the SREBP signaling. Ablation of POST1 decreases the generation of nuclear SREBP and reduces the expression of SREBP target genes. POST1 binds S1P, which is synthesized as an inactive protease (form A) and becomes fully mature via a two-step autocatalytic process involving forms B'/B and C'/C. POST1 promotes the generation of the functional S1P-C'/C from S1P-B'/B (canonical cleavage) and, notably, from S1P-A directly (non-canonical cleavage) as well. This POST1-mediated S1P activation is also essential for the cleavages of other S1P substrates including ATF6, CREB3 family members and the α/β-subunit precursor of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. Together, we demonstrate that POST1 is a cofactor controlling S1P maturation and plays important roles in lipid homeostasis, unfolded protein response, lipoprotein metabolism and lysosome biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanni Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liu-Ting Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ju-Qiong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zi-Mu Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Le-Wei Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Petit CS, Lee JJ, Boland S, Swarup S, Christiano R, Lai ZW, Mejhert N, Elliott SD, McFall D, Haque S, Huang EJ, Bronson RT, Harper JW, Farese RV Jr, Walther TC. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis improves outcomes and survival in GARP mutant wobbler mice, a model of motor neuron degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10565-74. [PMID: 32345721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913956117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous mutations that impair retrograde membrane trafficking between endosomes and the Golgi apparatus lead to neurodegenerative diseases. For example, mutations in the endosomal retromer complex are implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and mutations of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex cause progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy type 2 (PCCA2). However, how these mutations cause neurodegeneration is unknown. GARP mutations in yeast, including one causing PCCA2, result in sphingolipid abnormalities and impaired cell growth that are corrected by treatment with myriocin, a sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that alterations in sphingolipid metabolism contribute to cell dysfunction and death. Here we tested this hypothesis in wobbler mice, a murine model with a homozygous partial loss-of-function mutation in Vps54 (GARP protein) that causes motor neuron disease. Cytotoxic sphingoid long-chain bases accumulated in embryonic fibroblasts and spinal cords from wobbler mice. Remarkably, chronic treatment of wobbler mice with myriocin markedly improved their wellness scores, grip strength, neuropathology, and survival. Proteomic analyses of wobbler fibroblasts revealed extensive missorting of lysosomal proteins, including sphingolipid catabolism enzymes, to the Golgi compartment, which may contribute to the sphingolipid abnormalities. Our findings establish that altered sphingolipid metabolism due to GARP mutations contributes to neurodegeneration and suggest that inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis might provide a useful strategy for treating these disorders.
Collapse
|
24
|
Delgadillo MO, Ruano G, Zouhar J, Sauer M, Shen J, Lazarova A, Sanmartín M, Lai LTF, Deng C, Wang P, Hussey PJ, Sánchez-Serrano JJ, Jiang L, Rojo E. MTV proteins unveil ER- and microtubule-associated compartments in the plant vacuolar trafficking pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9884-95. [PMID: 32321832 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919820117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors and mechanisms involved in vacuolar transport in plants, and in particular those directing vesicles to their target endomembrane compartment, remain largely unknown. To identify components of the vacuolar trafficking machinery, we searched for Arabidopsis modified transport to the vacuole (mtv) mutants that abnormally secrete the synthetic vacuolar cargo VAC2. We report here on the identification of 17 mtv mutations, corresponding to mutant alleles of MTV2/VSR4, MTV3/PTEN2A MTV7/EREL1, MTV8/ARFC1, MTV9/PUF2, MTV10/VPS3, MTV11/VPS15, MTV12/GRV2, MTV14/GFS10, MTV15/BET11, MTV16/VPS51, MTV17/VPS54, and MTV18/VSR1 Eight of the MTV proteins localize at the interface between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the multivesicular bodies (MVBs), supporting that the trafficking step between these compartments is essential for segregating vacuolar proteins from those destined for secretion. Importantly, the GARP tethering complex subunits MTV16/VPS51 and MTV17/VPS54 were found at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- and microtubule-associated compartments (EMACs). Moreover, MTV16/VPS51 interacts with the motor domain of kinesins, suggesting that, in addition to tethering vesicles, the GARP complex may regulate the motors that transport them. Our findings unveil a previously uncharacterized compartment of the plant vacuolar trafficking pathway and support a role for microtubules and kinesins in GARP-dependent transport of soluble vacuolar cargo in plants.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yadi W, Shurui C, Tong Z, Suxian C, Qing T, Dongning H. Bioinformatic analysis of peripheral blood miRNA of breast cancer patients in relation with anthracycline cardiotoxicity. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:43. [PMID: 32013934 PMCID: PMC6998363 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current diagnostic methods and treatments still fail to lower the incidence of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity effectively. In this study, we aimed to (1) analyze the cardiotoxicity-related genes after breast cancer chemotherapy in gene expression database and (2) carry out bioinformatic analysis to identify cardiotoxicity-related abnormal expressions, the biomarkers of such abnormal expressions, and the key regulatory pathways after breast cancer chemotherapy. METHODS Cardiotoxicity-related gene expression data (GSE40447) after breast cancer chemotherapy was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The biomarker expression data of women with chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (group A), chemotherapy history but no cardiotoxicity (group B), and confirmatory diagnosis of breast cancer but normal ejection fraction before chemotherapy (group C) were analyzed to obtain the mRNA with differential expressions and predict the micro RNAs (miRNAs) regulating the differential expressions. The miRanda formula and functional enrichment analysis were used to screen abnormal miRNAs. Then, the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was adapted to further screen the miRNAs related to cardiotoxicity after breast cancer chemotherapy. RESULT The data of differential analysis of biomarker expression of groups A, B, and C using the GSE40447-related gene expression profile database showed that there were 30 intersection genes. The differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted using the miRanda and Target Scan software, and a total of 2978 miRNAs were obtained by taking the intersections. Further, the GO analysis and targeted regulatory relationship between miRNA and target genes were used to establish miRNA-gene interaction network to screen and obtain seven cardiotoxicity-related miRNAs with relatively high centrality, including hsa-miR-4638-3p, hsa-miR-5096, hsa-miR-4763-5p, hsa-miR-1273 g-3p, hsa-miR6192, hsa-miR-4726-5p and hsa-miR-1273a. Among them, hsa-miR-4638-3p and hsa-miR-1273 g-3p had the highest centrality. The PCR verification results were consistent with those of the chip data. There are differentially expressed miRNAs in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients with anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Among them, hsa-miR-4638-3p and hsa-miR-1273 g-3p are closely associated with the onset of anthracycline cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer. The signaling pathway is mainly concentrated in TGF-β signaling pathway and adhesion signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Changes in expression of hsa-miR-4638-3p and hsa-miR-1273 g-3p may contribute to the detection of anthracyclines induced cardiac toxicity, and their potential function may be related to TGF-β signaling pathway and adhesion signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yadi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | | | - Zhang Tong
- TongHua Dongbao pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tonghua, China
| | - Chen Suxian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tong Qing
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - He Dongning
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Adi D, Lu XY, Fu ZY, Wei J, Baituola G, Meng YJ, Zhou YX, Hu A, Wang JK, Lu XF, Wang Y, Song BL, Ma YT, Luo J. IDOL G51S Variant Is Associated With High Blood Cholesterol and Increases Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Degradation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2468-2479. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
A high level of LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The E3 ubiquitin ligase named IDOL (inducible degrader of the LDLR [LDL receptor]; also known as MYLIP [myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein]) mediates degradation of LDLR through ubiquitinating its C-terminal tail. But the expression profile of IDOL differs greatly in the livers of mice and humans. Whether IDOL is able to regulate LDL-C levels in humans remains to be determined.
Approach and Results:
By using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a nonsynonymous variant rs149696224 in the
IDOL
gene that causes a G51S (Gly-to-Ser substitution at the amino acid site 51) from a Chinese Uygur family. Large cohort analysis revealed IDOL G51S carriers (+/G51S) displayed significantly higher LDL-C levels. Mechanistically, the G51S mutation stabilized IDOL protein by inhibiting its dimerization and preventing self-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. IDOL(G51S) exhibited a stronger ability to promote ubiquitination and degradation of LDLR. Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of IDOL(G51S) in mouse liver decreased hepatic LDLR and increased serum levels of LDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglyceride.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that IDOL(G51S) is a gain-of-function variant responsible for high LDL-C in both humans and mice. These results suggest that IDOL is a key player regulating cholesterol level in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilare Adi
- From the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Xiao-Yi Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- From the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
| | - Jian Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Gulinaer Baituola
- From the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
| | - Ya-Jie Meng
- The People’s Hospital Nanchuan, Chongqing, China (Y.-J.M.)
| | - Yu-Xia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Jin-Kai Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Xiang-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (X.-F.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- From the Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China (D.A., Z.-Y.F., G.B., Y.-T.M.)
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China (D.A., X.-Y.L., J.W., Y.-X.Z., A.H., J.-K.W., Y.W., B.-L.S., J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu YR, Tang ZS, Duan JA, Chen L, Sun J, Zhou R, Song ZX, Shi XB, Zhu HY. ER-depletion lowering the 'hypothalamus-uterus-kidney' axis functions by perturbing the renal ERβ/Ptgds signalling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9500-9529. [PMID: 31708494 PMCID: PMC6874469 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have long assumed that systematic estrogen fading might contribute to the sustained progression of menopausal degenerate syndromes, although definitive evidence has not been presented. Whether such findings represent a causal contribution or are the result of opportunistic messengers sent from the reproductive system to the brain is also a vital question. We constructed a multiscale network of the ovariectomy (OVX) induced estrogen receptors depletion (ER-depletion) model and integrated targeted proteomic, targeted lipidomic, cytochemical, and histopathological data across three tissues from the ovariectomy rodent model. We found that compared to control rats, OVX rats showed increased renal and uterine prostaglandin D2 synthase (Ptgds) expression and decreased hypothalamic Ptgds expression, abnormal Ptgds metabolites, the degenerate renal function profiles and decreased cognitive ability (learning and memory) in Morris water maze test. Importantly, we observed a regulatory relationship among ER (particularly ERβ), the degree of the pathological phenotype, learning behavior test and the ‘hypothalamus-uterus-kidney (HUK) axis functions. Collectively, this study elucidates that ER depletion promoted HUK aging is mostly attributed to a renal ERβ/Ptgds signalling imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Bo Shi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yuan Zhu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hausman-kedem M, Ben-shachar S, Menascu S, Geva K, Sagie L, Fattal-valevski A. VPS53 gene is associated with a new phenotype of complicated hereditary spastic paraparesis. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:187-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Abstract
The endosomal system plays an essential role in cell homeostasis by controlling cellular signaling, nutrient sensing, cell polarity and cell migration. However, its place in the regulation of tissue, organ and whole body physiology is less well understood. Recent studies have revealed an important role for the endosomal system in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, with implications for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. By taking insights from in vitro studies of endocytosis and exploring their effects on metabolism, we can begin to connect the fields of endosomal transport and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we explore current understanding of how the endosomal system influences the systemic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and humans. We highlight exciting new insights that help translate findings from single cells to a wider physiological level and open up new directions for endosomal research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M)NiceFrance
| | - Jantje M. Gerdes
- Institute for Diabetes and RegenerationHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gershlick DC, Ishida M, Jones JR, Bellomo A, Bonifacino JS, Everman DB. A neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the VPS51 subunit of the GARP and EARP complexes. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1548-1560. [PMID: 30624672 PMCID: PMC6489419 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) and endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) are related heterotetrameric complexes that associate with the cytosolic face of the trans-Golgi network and recycling endosomes, respectively. At these locations, GARP and EARP function to promote the fusion of endosome-derived transport carriers with their corresponding compartments. GARP and EARP share three subunits, VPS51, VPS52 and VPS53, and each has an additional complex-specific subunit, VPS54 or VPS50, respectively. The role of these complexes in human physiology, however, remains poorly understood. By exome sequencing, we have identified compound heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the shared GARP/EARP subunit VPS51 in a 6-year-old patient with severe global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, epilepsy, cortical vision impairment, pontocerebellar abnormalities, failure to thrive, liver dysfunction, lower extremity edema and dysmorphic features. The mutation in one allele causes a frameshift that produces a longer but highly unstable protein that is degraded by the proteasome. In contrast, the other mutant allele produces a protein with a single amino acid substitution that is stable but assembles less efficiently with the other GARP/EARP subunits. Consequently, skin fibroblasts from the patient have reduced levels of fully assembled GARP and EARP complexes. Likely because of this deficiency, the patient's fibroblasts display altered distribution of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, which normally sorts acid hydrolases to lysosomes. Furthermore, a fraction of the patient's fibroblasts exhibits swelling of lysosomes. These findings thus identify a novel genetic locus for a neurodevelopmental disorder and highlight the critical importance of GARP/EARP function in cellular and organismal physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Gershlick
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morié Ishida
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Eising S, Thiele L, Fröhlich F. A systematic approach to identify recycling endocytic cargo depending on the GARP complex. eLife 2019; 8:42837. [PMID: 30694181 PMCID: PMC6374077 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and lipids of the plasma membrane underlie constant remodeling via a combination of the secretory- and the endocytic pathway. In the yeast endocytic pathway, cargo is sorted for recycling to the plasma membrane or degradation in vacuoles. Previously we have shown a role for the GARP complex in sphingolipid sorting and homeostasis (Fröhlich et al. 2015). However, the majority of cargo sorted in a GARP dependent process remain largely unknown. Here we use auxin induced degradation of GARP combined with mass spectrometry based vacuolar proteomics and lipidomics to show that recycling of two specific groups of proteins, the amino-phospholipid flippases and cell wall synthesis proteins depends on a functional GARP complex. Our results suggest that mis-sorting of flippases and remodeling of the lipid composition are the first occurring defects in GARP mutants. Our assay can be adapted to systematically map cargo of the entire endocytic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eising
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology Group, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lisa Thiele
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology Group, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liao Y, Wei J, Wang J, Shi X, Luo J, Song BL. The non-canonical NF-κB pathway promotes NPC2 expression and regulates intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Sci China Life Sci 2018; 61:1222-32. [PMID: 30091016 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) is a lysosome luminal protein that functions in concert with NPC1 to mediate egress of low-density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol from lysosome. The nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (NF-κB2) protein is a component of NF-κB transcription factor complex critically implicated in immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we report that NF-κB2 regulates intracellular cholesterol transport by controlling NPC2 expression. RNAi-mediated disruption of NF-κB2, as well as other signaling members of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, caused intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Blockage of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway suppressed NPC2 expression, whereas Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) activation or Baff receptor (BaffR) stimulation up-regulated the mRNA abundance and protein level of NPC2. Further, NF-κB2 activated NPC2 transcription through direct binding to its promoter region. We also observed cholesterol accumulation in NF-κB2-deficient zebrafish embryo and NF-κB2 mutant mice. Collectively, these data identify a regulatory role for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in intracellular cholesterol trafficking and suggest a link between cholesterol transport and immune system.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu A, Zhao XT, Tu H, Xiao T, Fu T, Wang Y, Liu Y, Shi XJ, Luo J, Song BL. PIP4K2A regulates intracellular cholesterol transport through modulating PI(4,5)P 2 homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:507-514. [PMID: 29353240 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m082149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of LDL-derived cholesterol from lysosomes to peroxisomes is facilitated by membrane contacts formed between the lysosomal protein synaptotagmin VII and the peroxisomal lipid phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Here, we used RNA interference to search for regulators of PI(4,5)P2 and to study the effects of altered PI(4,5)P2 homeostasis on cholesterol transport. We found that knockdown of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 α (PIP4K2A) reduced peroxisomal PI(4,5)P2 levels, decreased lysosome-peroxisome membrane contacts, and increased accumulation of lysosomal cholesterol in human SV-589 fibroblasts. Forced expression of peroxisome-localized, kinase-active PIP4K2A in the knockdown cells reduced cholesterol accumulation, and in vitro addition of recombinant PIP4K2A restored membrane contacts. These results suggest that PIP4K2A plays a critical role in intracellular cholesterol transport by upregulating PI(4,5)P2 levels in the peroxisomal membrane. Further research into PIP4K2A activity may inform future therapeutic interventions for managing lysosomal storage disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xue-Tong Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Heng Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|