1
|
Kamiński M, Mierzyński R, Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Sadowska A, Sotowski M, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Comparative Evaluation of Adipokine Metrics for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:175. [PMID: 38203346 PMCID: PMC10778639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical disorders in pregnancy. Adipokines, predominantly secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in numerous metabolic processes. The exact role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM is still not well known, and numerous adipokines have been analysed throughout pregnancy and proposed as biomarkers of GDM. This study aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin, chemerin, lipocalin and apelin levels in GDM and non-GDM women, to assess them as clinically useful biomarkers of the occurrence of GDM and to demonstrate the correlation between the levels of the above adipokines in the blood serum and the increased risk of the development of GDM. The role of these adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM was also analysed. The statistically significant differences between the levels of adiponectin (7234.6 vs. 9837.5 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), chemerin (264.0 vs. 206.7 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) and lipocalin (39.5 vs. 19.4 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) were observed between pregnant women with GDM and healthy ones. The diagnostic usefulness of the tested adipokines in detecting GDM was also assessed. The research results confirm the hypothesis on the significance of adiponectin, chemerin, lipocalin and apelin in the pathophysiological mechanisms of GDM. We speculate that these adipokines could potentially be established as novel biomarkers for the prediction and early diagnosis of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radzisław Mierzyński
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (B.L.-G.)
| | - Elżbieta Poniedziałek-Czajkowska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (B.L.-G.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pécheux O, Correia-Branco A, Cohen M, Martinez de Tejada B. The Apelinergic System in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098014. [PMID: 37175743 PMCID: PMC10178735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system is a highly conserved pleiotropic system. It comprises the apelin receptor apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) and its two peptide ligands, Elabela/Toddler (ELA) and apelin, which have different spatiotemporal localizations. This system has been implicated in the regulation of the adipoinsular axis, in cardiovascular and central nervous systems, in carcinogenesis, and in pregnancy in humans. During pregnancy, the apelinergic system is essential for embryo cardiogenesis and vasculogenesis and for placental development and function. It may also play a role in the initiation of labor. The apelinergic system seems to be involved in the development of placenta-related pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction, but an improvement in PE-like symptoms and birth weight has been described in murine models after the exogenous administration of apelin or ELA. Although the expression of ELA, apelin, and APJ is altered in human PE placenta, data related to their circulating levels are inconsistent. This article reviews current knowledge about the roles of the apelinergic system in pregnancy and its pathophysiological roles in placenta-related complications in pregnancy. We also discuss the challenges in translating the actors of the apelinergic system into a marker or target for therapeutic interventions in obstetrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Pécheux
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoῆa Martinez de Tejada
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The investigation of apelin and apelin receptor expressions in mouse endometrium during peri-implantation period. Ann Anat 2023; 246:152027. [PMID: 36379349 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertilization, pre-implantation embryo development, implantation, and decidualization are critical for a healthy pregnancy. Successful implantation requires a competent blastocyst and a receptive uterus. Apelin was purified from the bovine stomach in 1998. Apelin receptor (APJ) is a member of G protein-coupled receptors. Apelin/APJ system's physiological role was shown in cardiovascular system, immune response, stress response, fluid regulation, nutrient uptake, angiogenesis, and adipoinsular axis; however, whether apelin/APJ system plays a role in implantation is unknown. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the localization and expressions of the apelin/APJ system in the peri-implantation period mouse uterus. METHODS Uteri and implantation sites were collected from mice on the estrous phase and the 1st, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th days of pregnancy. Also, inter-implantation sites were collected from the 5th day of the pregnancy group. Localization and expressions of apelin and APJ were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Apelin and APJ were expressed in the luminal and gland epithelium, the stroma of all experimental groups. Two isoforms of apelin-8 and 16 kDa were detected by Western blot. While apelin expression increased from the estrous to the 8th day of pregnancy, APJ expression increased from the estrous to the 4th day of pregnancy, reached the highest expression level, then decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the apelin/APJ system might be involved in implantation and decidualization. Our findings will guide further studies and may help elucidate the underlying causes of implantation failure and pregnancy loss.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pérez-López FR, Wu JN, Yao L, López-Baena MT, Pérez-Roncero GR, Varikasuvu SR. Apelin levels in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:803-812. [PMID: 36002980 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated maternal apelin levels in pregnant women with and without GDM. Secondary outcomes were glucose- and lipid-related results.Methods: Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, CNKI, and Wang Fang were searched. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Mean differences (MDs) or standardized MDs (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. Random effect model analyses were carried out and heterogeneity with the I2 and Tau2 statistics.Results: Fourteen observational studies (sample size: 1033 women with GDM and 1053 for control women) with a low or moderate risk of bias were included in the analysis. During the second half of pregnancy, maternal apelin estimate was significantly higher in women with GDM (SMD = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.25), as well as insulin (SMD = 1.41% CI: 0.84 to 1.99), glucose (SMD = 1.56; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.91), glycated hemoglobin (SMD = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.54), HOMA-IR (MD = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.51 to 2.98), BMI (MD = 0.80 kg/m2, 95%CI: 0.52 to 1.08), total cholesterol (SMD = 0.42, 0.12 to 0.73), LDL-cholesterol (SMD = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.23 to 1.02), and triglycerides (SMD = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.61) as compared to control women. There was heterogeneity between studies as evidence by high I2 values. Meta-regression analysis indicated statistically significant regression coefficients for age of women, glucose and total cholesterol.Conclusions: GDM was associated with increased circulating apelin, insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels, and HOMA-IR index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faustino R Pérez-López
- Health Outcomes and Systematic Analyses, Aragón Health Research Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jiang-Nan Wu
- Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yao
- Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - María T López-Baena
- Health Outcomes and Systematic Analyses, Aragón Health Research Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
New Insights into Adipokines in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116279. [PMID: 35682958 PMCID: PMC9181219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder of pregnancy and has considerable short- and long-term consequences for the health of both the mother and the newborn. Within its pathophysiology, genetic, nutritional, epigenetic, immunological, and hormonal components have been described. Within the last two items, it is known that different hormones and cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, known collectively as adipokines, are involved in the metabolic alterations underlying GDM. Although the maternal circulating profile of adipokines in GDM has been extensively studied, and there are excellent reviews on the subject, it is in recent years that more progress has been made in the study of their expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), placenta, and their concentrations in the umbilical circulation. Thus, this review compiles and organizes the most recent findings on the maternal and umbilical circulating profile and the levels of expression of adipokines in VAT, SAT, and placenta in GDM.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dasgupta S, Banerjee U, Mukhopadhyay P, Maity P, Saha S, Das B. Clinicopathological study and immunohistochemical analysis of expression of annexin A5 and apelin in human placentae of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102435. [PMID: 35245857 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the commonest medical complications of pregnancy. Annexin A5 (ANXA5) is a protein, found in apical surfaces of syncytiotrophoblasts, which prevents fetal and placental vascular thrombosis in GDM. Apelin is a bioactive peptide which has been linked to GDM. The aim of the present study was to correlate macroscopic as well as microscopic changes and immunohistochemical expression of ANXA5 and apelin in placentae of GDM with maternal and neonatal clinical features and also to compare the results with those in matched controls. METHODS This prospective observational study was undertaken for a period of one year from April 2020 to March 2021. It comprised of 42 patients of GDM. Gross features, microscopic features and intensity and grade of expression of ANXA5 and Apelin were analyzed in placentae of GDM. RESULTS Morphological changes detected in GDM placentae included increased immature villi (16 cases, 38%), increased syncytial knots (36, 86%), perivillous fibrin deposition (20, 48%), fibrosis of villous stroma (20, 48%), presence of nucleated red blood cells (12, 28.5%) and hypervascularity (34, 81%). The extent of histopathological changes noted in GDM placentae was significantly higher than that in matched controls. GDM placentae showed significantly reduced expression of ANXA5 and Apelin in terms of grade and intensity when compared with matched controls. Reduced expression (mild intensity) of ANXA5 was noted in 22 GDM cases (52.3%) whereas apelin expression was of weak intensity in 26 (61.9%) cases. Among GDM patients, statistically significant association was noted between ANXA5 intensity and neonatal resuscitation, apelin grade and preterm birth as well as low birth weight and apelin intensity and requirement of treatment in sick neonatal care unit. CONCLUSION The placental expression of the proteins, ANXA5 and Apelin, is altered in GDM though their exact pathogenetic mechanisms are yet to be understood. They can be targets for development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senjuti Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Uma Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Priyanka Maity
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Saswata Saha
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Biplab Das
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Possible roles of exercise and apelin against pregnancy complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:965167. [PMID: 36093083 PMCID: PMC9452694 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.965167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cardiomyopathy. Environmental factors such as active lifestyles and apelin may lead to beneficial changes. In rats, apelin and exercise (45 to 65% VO2max for 6 to 9 weeks) during pregnancy increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) proteins such as Cidea, Elovl3, UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α in males and females fetuses, while white adipose tissue (WAT) is reduced. In humans and animals, apelin and exercise stimulate the expression of the glucose transporters (GLUT1/2/4) in the muscle and adipose tissue through the PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways. Hence, exercise and apelin may are known as regulators of energy metabolism and be anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. In mice, exercise also creates a short-term hypoxic environment in the pregnant mother, activating HIF-1, VEGF, and VEGFR, and increasing angiogenesis. Exercise and apelin also increase vasodilation, angiogenesis, and suppression of inflammation through the L-arginine/eNOS/NO pathway in humans. Exercise can stimulate the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis in parallel with inhibiting the ACE-Ang II-AT1 pathway. Exercise and apelin seem to prevent preeclampsia through these processes. In rats, moderate-intensity exercise (60 to 70% VO2max for 8 weeks) and apelin/APJ also may prevent pathological hypertrophy in pregnancy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, PI3k-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K pathway, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Since pre-clinical studies have been more on animal models, future research with scientific guidelines should pay more attention to human specimens. In future research, time factors such as the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and the intensity and duration of exercise are important variables that should be considered to determine the optimal intensity and duration of exercise.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dawid M, Mlyczyńska E, Jurek M, Respekta N, Pich K, Kurowska P, Gieras W, Milewicz T, Kotula-Balak M, Rak A. Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development-An Overview. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010099. [PMID: 35011661 PMCID: PMC8750556 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system, which includes the apelin receptor (APJ) as well as its two specific ligands, namely apelin and ELABELA (ELA/APELA/Toddler), have been the subject of many recent studies due to their pleiotropic effects in humans and other animals. Expression of these factors has been investigated in numerous tissues and organs—for example, the lungs, heart, uterus, and ovary. Moreover, a number of studies have been devoted to understanding the role of apelin and the entire apelinergic system in the most important processes in the body, starting from early stages of human life with regulation of placental function and the proper course of pregnancy. Disturbances in the balance of placental processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, or hormone secretion may lead to specific pregnancy pathologies; therefore, there is a great need to search for substances that would help in their early diagnosis or treatment. A number of studies have indicated that compounds of the apelinergic system could serve this purpose. Hence, in this review, we summarized the most important reports about the role of apelin and the entire apelinergic system in the regulation of placental physiology and pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
| | - Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Jurek
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
| | - Natalia Respekta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
| | - Karolina Pich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
| | - Wiktoria Gieras
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
| | - Tomasz Milewicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kotula-Balak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (E.M.); (M.J.); (N.R.); (K.P.); (P.K.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-1-2664-5003
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111578. [PMID: 34769010 PMCID: PMC8584125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in pregnant women. Its early diagnosis seems to have a significant impact on the developing fetus, the course of delivery, and the neonatal period. It may also affect the later stages of child development and subsequent complications in the mother. Therefore, the crux of the matter is to find a biopredictor capable of singling out women at risk of developing GDM as early as the very start of pregnancy. Apart from the well-known molecules with a proven and clear-cut role in the pathogenesis of GDM, e.g., adiponectin and leptin, a potential role of newer biomolecules is also emphasized. Less popular and less known factors with different mechanisms of action include: galectins, growth differentiation factor-15, chemerin, omentin-1, osteocalcin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin, irisin, apelin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fibroblast growth factor 21, and lipocalin-2. The aim of this review is to present the potential and significance of these 13 less known biomolecules in the pathogenesis of GDM. It seems that high levels of FABP4, low levels of irisin, and high levels of under-carboxylated osteocalcin in the serum of pregnant women can be used as predictive markers in the diagnosis of GDM. Hopefully, future clinical trials will be able to determine which biomolecules have the most potential to predict GDM.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mierzyński R, Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Dłuski D, Kamiński M, Mierzyńska A, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. The Potential Role of Chemerin, Lipocalin 2, and Apelin in the Diagnosis and Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5547228. [PMID: 34212049 PMCID: PMC8211493 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5547228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) still remains not fully clear, and multiple studies have analyzed their potential contribution to the pathophysiology of this pregnancy complication. This study is aimed at evaluating serum chemerin, lipocalin 2, and apelin concentrations in GDM and healthy pregnant patients, assessing the correlation between these adipokines, and suggesting the potential role of these cytokines in the diagnosis and pathophysiology of GDM. The study comprised 237 pregnant women: 153 with GDM and 84 with physiological pregnancy. Serum concentrations of chemerin, lipocalin 2, and apelin were obtained at 24-29 weeks of gestation. The mean concentrations of chemerin and lipocalin 2 were significantly higher in the GDM group. The concentration of apelin was slightly higher in the GDM group, but not statistically significant. The strong positive correlation between chemerin and lipocalin 2 concentrations was noticed in both groups. Our data suggest that maternal chemerin and lipocalin 2 may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of GDM. We imply that these adipokines could potentially be established as novel biomarkers for the early identification of GDM. However, more studies are needed to analyze the effect of these adipokines on glucose metabolism during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radzisław Mierzyński
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Dłuski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamiński
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mierzyńska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gutaj P, Sibiak R, Jankowski M, Awdi K, Bryl R, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Wender-Ozegowska E. The Role of the Adipokines in the Most Common Gestational Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249408. [PMID: 33321877 PMCID: PMC7762997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytokines are hormonally active molecules that are believed to play a key role in the regulation of crucial biological processes in the human body. Numerous experimental studies established significant alterations in the adipokine secretion patterns throughout pregnancy. The exact etiology of various gestational complications, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal growth abnormalities, needs to be fully elucidated. The discovery of adipokines raised questions about their potential contribution to the molecular pathophysiology of those diseases. Multiple studies analyzed their local mRNA expression and circulating protein levels. However, most studies report conflicting results. Several adipokines such as leptin, resistin, irisin, apelin, chemerin, and omentin were proposed as potential novel early markers of heterogeneous gestational complications. The inclusion of the adipokines in the standard predictive multifactorial models could improve their prognostic values. Nonetheless, their independent diagnostic value is mostly insufficient to be implemented into standard clinical practice. Routine assessments of adipokine levels during pregnancy are not recommended in the management of both normal and complicated pregnancies. Based on the animal models (e.g., apelin and its receptors in the rodent preeclampsia models), future implementation of adipokines and their receptors as new therapeutic targets appears promising but requires further validation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gutaj
- Department of Reproduction, Chair of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (E.W.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-854-65-55
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Department of Reproduction, Chair of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (E.W.-O.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.); (R.B.)
| | - Karina Awdi
- Student’s Scientific Society, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.); (R.B.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.); (R.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Chair of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (E.W.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Liu X, Song Z, Shen X, Lu S, Ling Y, Kuang H. Emerging roles of APLN and APELA in the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10245. [PMID: 33240613 PMCID: PMC7666558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
APLN, APELA and their common receptor APLNR (composing the apelinergic axis) have been described in various species with extensive body distribution and multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have witnessed emerging intracellular cascades triggered by APLN and APELA which play crucial roles in female reproductive organs, including hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, ovary, oviduct, uterus and placenta. However, a comprehensive summary of APLN and APELA roles in physiology and pathology of female reproductive system has not been reported to date. In this review, we aim to concentrate on the general characteristics of APLN and APELA, as well as their specific physiological roles in female reproductive system. Meanwhile, the pathological contexts of apelinergic axis dysregulation in the obstetrics and gynecology are also summarized here, suggesting its potential prospect as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic intervention in the polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cancer, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zifan Song
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siying Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital affiliated Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun J, Ren J, Zuo C, Deng D, Pan F, Chen R, Zhu J, Chen C, Ye S. Circulating apelin, chemerin and omentin levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:26. [PMID: 32087711 PMCID: PMC7035755 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available data on the significance of circulating apelin, chemerin and omentin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. This analysis includes a systematic review of the evidence associating the serum concentrations of these adipokines with GDM. METHODS Publications through December 2019 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to evaluate sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Analysis of 20 studies, including 1493 GDM patients and 1488 normal pregnant women did not find significant differences in circulating apelin and chemerin levels (apelin standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.40 to 1.26, P = 0.31; chemerin SMD = 0.77, 95% CI - 0.07 to 1.61, P = 0.07). Circulating omentin was significantly lower in women with GDM than in healthy controls (SMD = - 0.72, 95% CI - 1.26 to - 0.19, P = 0.007). Publication bias was not found; sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the pooled results. CONCLUSIONS Circulating omentin was decreased in GDM patients, but apelin and chemerin levels were not changed. The results suggest that omentin has potential as a novel biomarker for the prediction and early diagnosis of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianran Sun
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jiale Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlin Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Datong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoping Chen
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Troisi A, Dall'Aglio C, Maranesi M, Orlandi R, Speranza R, Zerani M, Polisca A. Presence and expression of apelin and apelin receptor in bitch placenta. Theriogenology 2019; 147:192-196. [PMID: 31767185 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is a potent inotropic agent causing endothelium-mediated vasodilation and is involved in vessel formation by interacting with a specific receptor. Its cardiovascular profile suggests a role in the regulation of gestational hemodynamic changes. The expression of apelin and its receptor has been reported in some portions of the reproductive tract of different mammalian species. As far as we know, there are no reports describing the expression of apelin and apelin receptor in bitch's placenta. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the presence and distribution of apelin and apelin receptor in bitch placenta by molecular biology and immunohistochemical techniques. Sixteen adult female half-breed bitches were used. The animals were divided into two groups based on the stage of pregnancy: group 1 (mid-gestation n = 8) and group 2 (end gestation n = 8). These bitches were subjected to ovariohysterectomy (group1) or non-conservative caesarean section (group 2). The immunohistochemical technique revealed the presence of positive immune reaction for apelin and apelin receptor in all the samples examined at 30 days and at the end of pregnancy. In particular, apelin and apelin receptor staining was evident in the cytoplasms of cytotrophoblasts and in epithelial cells of the maternal portion. Even if not included into the structure of the placenta, the uterine glands also exhibited a positive immune reaction for apelin and apelin receptor. The RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts for apelin and apelin receptor in all the placenta samples examined. On the basis of our results it was also possible to hypothesize a potential role of apelin in the control of local placenta blood flow during pregnancy development in bitches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Dall'Aglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Maranesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Orlandi
- Tyrus Clinica Veterinaria, Via Aldo Bartocci, 1G, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - R Speranza
- Guadia di Finanza, Corso allevamento e addestramento cinofilo 46, Via Lungolago, 06061, Castiglione Del Lago, Italy
| | - M Zerani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Polisca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Estienne A, Bongrani A, Reverchon M, Ramé C, Ducluzeau PH, Froment P, Dupont J. Involvement of Novel Adipokines, Chemerin, Visfatin, Resistin and Apelin in Reproductive Functions in Normal and Pathological Conditions in Humans and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184431. [PMID: 31505789 PMCID: PMC6769682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that adipokines are endocrine factors that are mainly secreted by white adipose tissue. Their central role in energy metabolism is currently accepted. More recently, their involvement in fertility regulation and the development of some reproductive disorders has been suggested. Data concerning the role of leptin and adiponectin, the two most studied adipokines, in the control of the reproductive axis are consistent. In recent years, interest has grown about some novel adipokines, chemerin, visfatin, resistin and apelin, which have been found to be strongly associated with obesity and insulin-resistance. Here, we will review their expression and role in male and female reproduction in humans and animal models. According to accumulating evidence, they could regulate the secretion of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone), gonadotropins and steroids. Furthermore, their expression and that of their receptors (if known), has been demonstrated in the human and animal hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Like leptin and adiponectin, these novel adipokines could thus represent metabolic sensors that are able to regulate reproductive functions according to energy balance changes. Therefore, after investigating their role in normal fertility, we will also discuss their possible involvement in some reproductive troubles known to be associated with features of metabolic syndrome, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation in women, and sperm abnormalities and testicular pathologies in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- INRA UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Alice Bongrani
- INRA UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRA UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- INRA UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Unit of Endocrinology, CHRU Tours, F-37044 Tours, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France.
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sabry MM, Mahmoud MM, Shoukry HS, Rashed L, Kamar SS, Ahmed MM. Interactive effects of apelin, renin-angiotensin system and nitric oxide in treatment of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in male albino rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:244-254. [PMID: 29564917 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1453521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Apelin and its receptor (APJ) are involved in the regulation of a variety of pathophysiological processes. We studied the effect of apelin treatment on obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and possible interaction between apelin/APJ system and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Forty eight male albino rats were divided into two groups: control group and diabetic group. Diabetic group was subdivided into: control diabetic, apelin-treated, apelin + losartan-treated, apelin + l-NAME-treated and losartan-treated diabetic subgroup. Administration of apelin-13 yielded an improvement of IR, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress with significant decrease in AT1R gene expression and significant increase in ACE2 gene expression in adipose tissues. Losartan + apelin yielded a further significant decrease in ATR1 gene expression, glycaemic indices, serum TGs and TPA versus Apelin only. Adding l-NAME in subgroup (2D) reversed the effect of apelin. We suggested that the beneficial effect of Apelin is mainly mediated by NO-activated pathway and/or ACE2/Ang (1-7) dependent pathway.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Apelin/administration & dosage
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Losartan/administration & dosage
- Male
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/administration & dosage
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/pathology
- Rats
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mohamed Sabry
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - Heba Samy Shoukry
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- b Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- c Medical Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Ahmed
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bellos I, Fitrou G, Pergialiotis V, Perrea DN, Daskalakis G. Serum levels of adipokines in gestational diabetes: a systematic review. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:621-631. [PMID: 30392100 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the difference of serum levels of 10 adipokines (apelin, chemerin, fatty acid-binding protein-4, fibroblast growth factor-21, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, nesfatin-1, omentin-1, resistin, vaspin, and visfatin) among women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted using the Medline (1966-2018), Scopus (2004-2018), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (1999-2018), Clinicaltrials.gov (2008-2018) and Google Scholar (2004-2018) databases, along with the reference list of the included studies. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in the present review, with a total number of 11,074 pregnant women. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the high inter-study heterogeneity. Current evidence suggests that fatty acid-binding protein-4 levels are significantly increased in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes, while no association of serum apelin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with the disease can be supported. Data regarding the rest adipokines are conflicting, since the available studies did not unanimously indicate a significant change of their levels in gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present systematic review suggest the promising role of fatty acid-binding protein-4 in the prediction of gestational diabetes, while inconsistent evidence exists regarding the rest novel adipokines. Future cohorts are needed to assess their predictive efficacy and fully elucidate their contribution in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Bellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - G Fitrou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - V Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - D N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - G Daskalakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elabela and Apelin actions in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:45-53. [PMID: 30910349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a dynamic and precisely organized process during which one or more baby develops. Embryonic development relies on the formation of the placenta, allowing nutrient and oxygen exchange between the mother and the fetus. Dysfunction of placental formation lead to pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia (PE) with serious deleterious consequences for fetal and maternal health. Identifying factors involved in fetoplacental homeostasis could inform better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these pathological pregnancies. Here, we summarize actions of elabela, apelin and their common receptor APJ in the fetoplacental unit. Studies indicate that elabela is crucial for embryo cardiovascular system formation and early placental development, while apelin acts in mid/late gestation to modulate fetal angiogenesis and energy homeostasis. Most of these findings, drawn from animal models, indicate a key role of elabela/apelin-APJ system in the fetoplacental unit. This review also provides an overview of clinical studies investigating elabela/apelin-APJ system in pathological complicated pregnancies such as PE and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). While elabela-deficient mice display all the features of PE, current clinical studies show no difference in circulating elabela levels between PE and control patients which does not support a role in PE development. Conversely, apelin levels are increased during PE, but the use of apelin as an early PE marker remains to be fully investigated.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bülbül M, Sinen O, İzgüt‐Uysal VN, Akkoyunlu G, Öztürk S, Uysal F. Peripheral apelin mediates stress‐induced alterations in gastrointestinal motor functions depending on the nutritional status. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:29-39. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University AntalyaTurkey
| | - Osman Sinen
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University AntalyaTurkey
| | | | - Gökhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Saffet Öztürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Emerging Role of Adipocytokines in Type 2 Diabetes as Mediators of Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Disease. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:446-456.e1. [PMID: 29229313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
21
|
Antushevich H, Wójcik M. Review: Apelin in disease. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:241-248. [PMID: 29750964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, a regulatory peptide, is a ligand of the APJ receptor that belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Apelin and APJ are widely distributed in the body and play potential physiological roles in the cytoprotection of many internal organs. This review article summarizes information about the roles of the apelin/APJ system in neurological, metabolic, hypertension, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, kidney and cancerous diseases. It is suggested that apelin positively affects the treatment of non-cancerous diseases and may be considered as a therapeutic drug in many illnesses. However, in cancers, apelin appears as a tumour growth stimulator, and its suggested role is as a marker in the diagnosis of tumour cancers in tissues. In summary, apelin has certain therapeutic abilities and can be useful in the treatment of, e.g., insulin resistance, hypertension, etc., but it also can sometimes serve as a negative factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Antushevich
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wójcik
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brunet MA, Levesque SA, Hunting DJ, Cohen AA, Roucou X. Recognition of the polycistronic nature of human genes is critical to understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship. Genome Res 2018; 28:609-624. [PMID: 29626081 PMCID: PMC5932603 DOI: 10.1101/gr.230938.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances promise unprecedented opportunities for whole exome sequencing and proteomic analyses of populations. Currently, data from genome and exome sequencing or proteomic studies are searched against reference genome annotations. This provides the foundation for research and clinical screening for genetic causes of pathologies. However, current genome annotations substantially underestimate the proteomic information encoded within a gene. Numerous studies have now demonstrated the expression and function of alternative (mainly small, sometimes overlapping) ORFs within mature gene transcripts. This has important consequences for the correlation of phenotypes and genotypes. Most alternative ORFs are not yet annotated because of a lack of evidence, and this absence from databases precludes their detection by standard proteomic methods, such as mass spectrometry. Here, we demonstrate how current approaches tend to overlook alternative ORFs, hindering the discovery of new genetic drivers and fundamental research. We discuss available tools and techniques to improve identification of proteins from alternative ORFs and finally suggest a novel annotation system to permit a more complete representation of the transcriptomic and proteomic information contained within a gene. Given the crucial challenge of distinguishing functional ORFs from random ones, the suggested pipeline emphasizes both experimental data and conservation signatures. The addition of alternative ORFs in databases will render identification less serendipitous and advance the pace of research and genomic knowledge. This review highlights the urgent medical and research need to incorporate alternative ORFs in current genome annotations and thus permit their inclusion in hypotheses and models, which relate phenotypes and genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Brunet
- Biochemistry Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada.,Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.,PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien A Levesque
- Pediatric Department, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Darel J Hunting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Xavier Roucou
- Biochemistry Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada.,PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Apelin and Atrial Fibrillation: The Role in the Arrhythmia Recurrence Prognosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:5285392. [PMID: 29721104 PMCID: PMC5867588 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5285392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is a novel peptide of wide expression and multiple biological functions including the crucial role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The apelin role in the pathophysiology of heart rhythm disorders is considered, although the reports are scarce so far. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential utility of apelin as a marker of arrhythmia recurrence after direct-current cardioversion (DC). The prospective, observational study included 60 patients (aged 41–86; 30% female) with nonvalvular, persistent atrial fibrillation from the group of 204 consecutive patients scheduled for DC during the 12-month period (from May 2010 to May 2011) in the Cardiology Clinic Medical University of Lodz, Poland. The study group was divided into SCD (successful DC), 45 (75%) patients, and NDC (nonsuccessful DC), 15 (25%) patients. Within the SCD group, the subgroups were distinguished depending on the time sinus rhythm maintenance after DC: up to 7 days (SDC-7), 11 patients; 7 to 30 days (SDC-30), 12 patients; over 90 days (SDC-90), 22 patients. Patients were evaluated during the hospitalization and within the 3-month follow-up period. The apelin level was determined within the plasma samples collected at the admission, using the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit for apelin-36. It was found that the median value of initial apelin in the subset of patients from groups NDC + SDC-7 + SDC-30 is significantly higher than from group SDC-90 (p = 0.0463); there was no relationship between NDC and SCD overall. Neither of the compared subgroup pairs revealed statistically significant correlation between the proBNP concentration and the DC effectiveness in our population. In conclusion, in our study, proBNP was not a marker of arrhythmia recurrence whereas higher apelin concentration at the admission indicated patients in whom DC was not effective or they had an arrhythmia recurrence within a month-period observation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Waheed HJ, Al-Maiahy TJ. Differential effect of metformin and/or glyburide on apelin serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Concepts and clinical practice. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2018; 9:80-86. [PMID: 30338233 PMCID: PMC6174705 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_273_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with abundant adipocytokine changes which may play an important role in the progression of insulin resistance and micro- and macro-vascular complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the differential effect of metformin alone or in combination with glyburide on apelin serum levels in patients with T2DM. In this case–control study, fifty patients with T2DM in the age range of 45–65 years and twenty-five healthy controls matched for age and body weight were recruited from single endocrinology center, subdivided according to the diabetic pharmacotherapy into: Group I: healthy controls (n = 25), Group II: T2DM patients on metformin (n = 15), Group III: T2DM patients on glyburide (n = 17), and Group IV: T2DM patients on metformin plus glyburide (n = 28). Biochemical and anthropometric variables in relation to apelin serum levels were estimated. Apelin serum levels were low in normal healthy controls compared to T2DM patients (P < 0.01). The differential effect of diabetic pharmacotherapy on apelin serum level was statistically significant (P < 0.01) compared to the controls, but insignificant when compared among used drugs (P > 0.05). Apelin level was high in T2DM compared to the controls; both metformin and glyburide might play a role in this elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Huda J Waheed
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Thabat J Al-Maiahy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mazaki-Tovi S, Tarca AL, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Romero R. Characterization of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in pregnant women with and without spontaneous labor at term: implication of alternative splicing in the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to parturition. J Perinat Med 2016; 44:813-835. [PMID: 26994472 PMCID: PMC5987212 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2015-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine gene expression and splicing changes associated with parturition and regions (visceral vs. subcutaneous) of the adipose tissue of pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN The transcriptome of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from pregnant women at term with (n=15) and without (n=25) spontaneous labor was profiled with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Overall gene expression changes and the differential exon usage rate were compared between patient groups (unpaired analyses) and adipose tissue regions (paired analyses). Selected genes were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-two genes were differentially expressed between visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women with spontaneous labor at term (q-value <0.1; fold change >1.5). Biological processes enriched in this comparison included tissue and vasculature development as well as inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Differential splicing was found for 42 genes [q-value <0.1; differences in Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis scores >2] between adipose tissue regions of women not in labor. Differential exon usage associated with parturition was found for three genes (LIMS1, HSPA5, and GSTK1) in subcutaneous tissues. CONCLUSION We show for the first time evidence of implication of mRNA splicing and processing machinery in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women in labor compared to those without labor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Karakoç A, Sahin A, Polat ES, Aliyev E, Yildirim A, Bakan N, Dokumacioglu E. Serum apelin and ADMA levels in type 2 diabetics with and without vascular complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S106-S109. [PMID: 27083312 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic and chronic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, and that is the major causes of various micro and macrovascular complications. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), formed by the hydrolysis of proteins containing methylated arginine residues, is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which oxidize l-arginine to citruline and nitric oxide (NO), related to hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Apelin is a recently discovered peptide, present in a number of tissues and play role in insulin sensitivity improvement. In this study, our aim was to determine the levels of apelin and ADMA with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients with or without vascular complications. METHODS This study included (a total of) 59 diabetic patients. Of the patients, 30 were diabetic with complications, and 29 without complications. In serum samples obtained from the patients, serum ADMA and apelin levels were measured with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS Our study totally enrolled 59 patients in two groups. No significant differences were found in sex, age, HbA1c and glucose levels among groups. Apelin and ADMA levels of group with complications were lower than those of group without complications, but no statistically significant difference of apelin and ADMA levels (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study have been showed no statistically significant relationship present between ADMA-apelin levels and complications of T2DM. Further studies involving larger patients populations and healthy controls should be done to clarify the pathogenetic significance of apelin and ADMA in diabetic vascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akar Karakoç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Elif Simsek Polat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elvin Aliyev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Yildirim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nuri Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Eda Dokumacioglu
- Department of Nutritition and Dietetics, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Tarca AL, Kusanovic JP, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Romero R. Characterization of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Transcriptome and Biological Pathways in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: Evidence for Pregnancy-Related Regional-Specific Differences in Adipose Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143779. [PMID: 26636677 PMCID: PMC4670118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Study Design The transcriptome of paired visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues from pregnant women at term and matched non-pregnant women (n = 11) was profiled with the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Differential expression of selected genes was validated with the use of quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results Six hundred forty-four transcripts from 633 known genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1; fold-change >1.5), while 42 exons from 36 genes showed differential usage (difference in FIRMA scores >2 and FDR<0.1) between the visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women. Fifty-six known genes were differentially expressed between pregnant and non-pregnant subcutaneous fat and three genes in the visceral fat. Enriched biological processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant women were mostly related to inflammation. Conclusion The transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots reveals pregnancy-related gene expression and splicing differences in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, for the first time, alternative splicing in adipose tissue has been associated with regional differences and human parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Increased Maternal and Cord Blood Betatrophin in Gestational Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131171. [PMID: 26115519 PMCID: PMC4483159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare maternal and cord blood levels of betatrophin--a new peptide potentially controlling beta cell growth--as well as in its mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and placental tissue obtained from pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and gestational diabetes (GDM). METHODS Serum betatrophin and irisin concentrations were measured by ELISA in 93 patients with GDM and 97 women with NGT between 24 and 28 week of gestation. Additionally, maternal and cord blood betatrophin and irisin, as well as their genes (C19orf80 and Fndc5) expression were evaluated in 20 patients with GDM and 20 women with NGT at term. RESULTS In both groups, serum betatrophin concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with GDM than in the controls (1.91 [1.40-2.60] ng/ml vs 1.63 [1.21-2.22] ng/ml, p=0.03 and 3.45 [2.77-6.53] ng/ml vs 2.78 [2.16-3.65] ng/ml, p=0.03, respectively). Cord blood betatrophin levels were also higher in the GDM than in the NGT group (20.43 [12.97-28.80] ng/ml vs 15.06 [10.11-21.36] ng/ml, p=0.03). In both groups betatrophin concentrations in arterial cord blood were significantly higher than in maternal serum (p=0.0001). Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in the patients with GDM (1679 [1308-2171] ng/ml) than in the healthy women between 24 and 28 week of pregnancy (1880 [1519-2312] ng/ml, p=0.03). Both C19orf80 and Fndc5 mRNA expression in fat and placental tissue did not differ significantly between the groups studied. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that an increase in maternal and cord blood betatrophin might be a compensatory mechanism for enhanced insulin demand in GDM.
Collapse
|
29
|
Harreiter J, Dovjak G, Kautzky-Willer A. Gestational diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk after pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:91-108. [PMID: 24328601 DOI: 10.2217/whe.13.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects many women in pregnancy and is enhanced by epidemic conditions of obesity, increasing age at the time of the first pregnancy, stressful life conditions, a sedentary lifestyle with less physical activity and unhealthy nutrition with highly processed, high-calorie food intake. GDM does not affect the mother and offspring in pregnancy alone, as there is compelling evidence of the long-term effects of the hyperglycemic state in pregnancy postpartum. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome are more common in GDM women, and even the offspring of GDM women are reported to have higher obesity rates and a higher risk for noncommunicable diseases. Early prevention of risk factors seems to be key to overcoming the vicious cycle of cardiometabolic disease onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haleem TA. THE MOLECULAR DETAILS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS OF PANCREATIC CELLS. JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN FEDERATION OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 2014; 6:0-0. [DOI: 10.5005/jsafog-6-2-vii] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
31
|
Abstract
Gestational diabetes is characterised by glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The disease shows facets of the metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia. Adipokines are a group of proteins secreted from adipocytes, which are dysregulated in obesity and contribute to metabolic and vascular complications. Recent studies have assessed the role of various adipokines including leptin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), resistin, NAMPT, SERPINA12, chemerin, progranulin, FGF-21, TIMP1, LCN2, AZGP1, apelin (APLN), and omentin in gestational diabetes. This Review provides an overview of these key adipokines, their regulation in, and potential contribution to gestational diabetes. Based on the evidence so far, the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, TNFα, and AFABP seem to be the most probable candidates involved in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Obesity and Psoriasis: Inflammatory Nature of Obesity, Relationship Between Psoriasis and Obesity, and Therapeutic Implications. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
33
|
Boyadzhieva M, Atanasova I, Zacharieva S, Kedikova S. Adipocytokines during pregnancy and postpartum in women with gestational diabetes and healthy controls. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:944-9. [PMID: 23685996 DOI: 10.3275/8968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the changes in maternal serum adipocytokines during pregnancy and post partum in normal and complicated with gestational diabetes (GDM) pregnancies and to investigate the relationship between serum adipocytokines and some of major metabolic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS 236 pregnant women (127 with GDM and 109 control group) and 50 postpartum women (30 with GDM during pregnancy and 20 controls). Using ELISA and EIA kits, serum levels of adipocytokines were tested during pregnancy and post partum. Maternal adipocytokines levels were correlated with some metabolic parameters. RESULTS Women with GDM had lower values of adiponectin and higher values of leptin during pregnancy (p<0.001; 0.0001) and post partum (p<0.002; 0.0001). Serum apelin was significantly lower in GDM group (p<0.009). However, we did not find significance for resistin (p<0.317) and apelin (p<0.218). Positive correlation for leptin and negative for adiponectin was found for pre-pregnancy and pregnancy body mass index, glycated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. Using cut point of 8.2 μg/ml for adiponectin and 28.7 ng/ml for leptin could exclude GDM with a sensitivity of 83.6%/81.2% and specificity of 56.6%/64.2% (area under the curve 0.702 and 0.827). CONCLUSION There are constant differences in adiponectin and leptin levels between GDM and control group during pregnancy and post partum. Apelin was decreased in our GDM group and no differences were found for resistin and visfatin. Further studies are required to verify the mechanism of this alteration and whether the adipocytokines can be predictors for GDM at an early stage of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Boyadzhieva
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Circulating apelin levels are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in women with previous gestational diabetes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:787-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Caron-Cantin SM, Martin J, Bastien M, Munkonda MN, Lu H, Cianflone K, Moustarah F, Biertho L, Marceau S, Hould FS, Bussières J, Poirier P. Acute and Chronic Effects of Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch Surgery on Plasma Visfatin and Apelin Levels in Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2013; 23:1806-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
Lim R, Barker G, Riley C, Lappas M. Apelin is decreased with human preterm and term labor and regulates prolabor mediators in human primary amnion cells. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:957-67. [PMID: 23314958 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112472741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A critical role of proinflammatory mediators including cytokines, prostaglandins, and extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes in the processes of human labor and delivery, at term and preterm, has been demonstrated. In nongestational tissues, apelin plays an important role in a number of physiologic processes, including the regulation of inflammation. However, the role and regulation of apelin and the apelin receptor (APJ) in human gestational tissues are not known. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of (i) preterm and term labor on apelin and APJ expression in human gestational tissues and (ii) apelin small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown in human primary amnion cells on prolabor mediators. Human placenta and fetal membranes were collected from term nonlaboring women and women after spontaneous labor and delivery. Preterm and term spontaneous labor were associated with significantly lower apelin expression in fetal membranes. On the other hand, there was no effect of labor on APJ expression and no effect of term labor on placental apelin or APJ expression. Transfection of primary amnion cells with apelin siRNA was associated with significantly increased interleukin (IL)-1β-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release and cyclooxygenase-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and resultant prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α release. There was no effect of apelin siRNA on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA expression and pro MMP-9 release. In summary, human labor downregulates apelin expression in human fetal membranes. Furthermore, a role of apelin in the regulation of proinflammatory and prolabor mediators in human fetal membranes is supported by our studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Level 4/163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, 3084 Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Krist J, Wieder K, Klöting N, Oberbach A, Kralisch S, Wiesner T, Schön MR, Gärtner D, Dietrich A, Shang E, Lohmann T, Dreßler M, Fasshauer M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M. Effects of weight loss and exercise on apelin serum concentrations and adipose tissue expression in human obesity. Obes Facts 2013; 6:57-69. [PMID: 23429279 PMCID: PMC5644751 DOI: 10.1159/000348667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apelin is an adipokine which plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and may contribute to the link between increased adipose tissue mass and obesity related metabolic diseases. Here we investigate the role of omental and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue apelin and its receptor APJ mRNA expression in human obesity and test the hypothesis that changes in circulating apelin are associated with reduced fat mass in three weight loss intervention studies. METHODS Apelin serum concentration was measured in 740 individuals in a cross-sectional (n = 629) study including a subgroup (n = 161) for which omental and SC apelin mRNA expression has been analyzed and in three interventions: 12 weeks exercise (n = 60), 6 months calorie-restricted diet (n = 19), 12 months after bariatric surgery (n = 32). RESULTS Apelin mRNA is significantly higher expressed in adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes and correlates with circulating apelin, BMI, body fat, C-reactive protein, and insulin sensitivity. Obesity surgery-induced weight loss causes a significant reduction in omental and SC apelin expression. All interventions led to significantly reduced apelin serum concentrations which significantly correlate with improved insulin sensitivity, independently of changes in BMI. CONCLUSIONS Reduced apelin expression and serum concentration may contribute to improved insulin sensitivity beyond significant weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Krist
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Wieder
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Oberbach
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Wiesner
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael R. Schön
- Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Gärtner
- Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edward Shang
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Junior Research Group Animal Models, Dresden, Germany
- *Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Blüher, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig (Germany),
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cavallo MG, Sentinelli F, Barchetta I, Costantino C, Incani M, Perra L, Capoccia D, Romeo S, Cossu E, Leonetti F, Agati L, Baroni MG. Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with increased serum apelin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51236. [PMID: 23227256 PMCID: PMC3515542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an adipokine that plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and in obesity. The relationship between apelin serum concentration and dysmetabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still controversial. Aims of our study are: 1) determine the circulating levels of apelin in a large cohort of Italian subjects with T2D, T1D and in non-diabetic controls; 2) identify putative metabolic determinants of modified apelin concentrations, in order to search possible mechanism of apelin control; 3) investigate changes in apelin levels in response to sharp modifications of glucose/insulin metabolism in T2D obese subjects before and 3 days after bariatric surgery. METHODS We recruited 369 subjects, 119 with T2D, 113 with T1D and 137 non-diabetic controls. All subjects underwent a complete clinical examination, including anthropometric and laboratory measurements. Serum apelin levels were determined by EIA (immunoenzyme assay). RESULTS Patients with T2D had significantly higher serum apelin levels compared to controls (1.23 ± 1.1 ng/mL vs 0.91 ± 0.7 ng/mL, P<0.001) and to T1D subjects (0.73 ± 0.39 ng/mL, P<0.001). Controls and T1D subjects did not differ significantly in apelin levels. Apelin concentrations were directly associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index (BMI), basal Disposition Index (DI-0), age, and diagnosis of T2D at bivariate correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that diagnosis of T2D, basal DI-0 and FBG were all determinants of serum apelin levels independently from age and BMI. Bariatric surgery performed in a subgroup of obese diabetic subjects (n = 12) resulted in a significant reduction of apelin concentrations compared to baseline levels (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that T2D, but not T1D, is associated with increased serum apelin levels compared to non-diabetic subjects. This association is dependent on impaired glucose homeostasis, and disappears after bariatric surgery, providing further evidence regarding the relationship between apelin and the regulation of glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gisella Cavallo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sentinelli
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Costantino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Incani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Perra
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascolar and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Efisio Cossu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Agati
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G. Baroni
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
MS-based approaches to unravel the molecular complexity of proprotein-derived biomarkers and support their quantification: the examples of B-type natriuretic peptide and apelin peptides. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:2851-63. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific forms of described protein biomarkers that occur in human blood are not yet fully established. Even though B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP are now well known markers of heart failure and other cardiac disorders, several studies yielded highly controversial results reporting various truncated, multimerized or modified forms in human blood. Similar discrepancies were observed for other biomarkers also originating from proproteins, such as the apelin peptides. The drawback of most of these studies is that they used methods with low resolving power, such as immunoassays after HPLC separation. MS-based techniques may be able to avoid such flaws. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of MS-based approaches for the characterization of circulating forms of peptide biomarkers that originate from a given proprotein. Two particular examples are discussed in detail: BNP-related peptides and some more putative biomarkers of heart failure, the apelin peptides.
Collapse
|
40
|
Carrascosa JM, Rocamora V, Fernandez-Torres RM, Jimenez-Puya R, Moreno JC, Coll-Puigserver N, Fonseca E. Obesity and psoriasis: inflammatory nature of obesity, relationship between psoriasis and obesity, and therapeutic implications. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012. [PMID: 23177976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is currently considered a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition that plays an active role in the development of the pathophysiologic phenomena responsible for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease through the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines. In recent years clear genetic, pathogenic, and epidemiologic links have been established between psoriasis and obesity, with important implications for health. The relationship between the 2 conditions is probably bidirectional, with obesity predisposing to psoriasis and psoriasis favoring obesity. Obesity also has important implications in the treatment of psoriasis, such as a greater risk of adverse effects with conventional systemic drugs and reduced efficacy and/or increased cost with biologic agents, for which dosage should be adjusted to the patient's weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Carrascosa
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
| | - V Rocamora
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Mallorca, España
| | | | - R Jimenez-Puya
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Madrid, España
| | - J C Moreno
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Madrid, España
| | - N Coll-Puigserver
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Mallorca, España
| | - E Fonseca
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña, La Coruña, España
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aslan M, Celik O, Celik N, Turkcuoglu I, Yilmaz E, Karaer A, Simsek Y, Celik E, Aydin S. Cord blood nesfatin-1 and apelin-36 levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2012; 41:424-9. [PMID: 22203468 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To assess maternal serum and cord blood apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 concentrations in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Thirty pregnant women with GDM and 30 gestational age matched healthy pregnant subjects participated to the study. Maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 and apelin-36 levels were measured with ELISA, at the time of birth. The relationships between maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 and apelin-36 levels, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also assessed. Maternal serum apelin-36 levels were found higher (13.5 ± 8.3 vs. 9.6 ± 5.9 ng/ml, P = 0.001) and nesfatin-1 levels were found lower (5.5 ± 8.1 vs. 8.1 ± 23.9 ng/ml, P = 0.001) in patients with GDM compared with control pregnant women. However, the cord blood apelin-36 levels (8.8 ± 4.3 and 8.2 ± 1.9 ng/ml, P = 0.618) and nesfatin-1 levels (5.4 ± 4.0 and 6.2 ± 10.3 ng/ml, P = 0.688) were similar in the GDM and control groups, respectively. Maternal serum apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels correlated positively with their respective cord blood levels. Maternal serum and cord blood apelin-36 levels correlated negatively with the gestational age and birth weight. Similarly maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 levels correlated negatively with the gestational age, but there was no correlation with the birth weight. We did not find a correlation between maternal serum apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels, maternal age, BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Also cord blood apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels did not correlate with the maternal age, BMI, HOMA-IR, cord blood glucose, and cord blood insulin levels. Our results indicate that apelin-36 concentrations increase and nesfatin-1 concentrations decrease in maternal serum of women with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Inonu University School of Medicine, 44315, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kourtis A, Gkiomisi A, Mouzaki M, Makedou K, Anastasilakis AD, Toulis KA, Gerou S, Gavana E, Agorastos T. Apelin levels in normal pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:367-71. [PMID: 21521329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apelin is an adipokine secreted from adipose and other tissues with increased expression in obesity, role in glucose metabolism and atherosclerosis, as well as in oxidative stress. Pregnancy is considered a state of hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and decreased insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the levels of apelin in human pregnancy and its relation to insulin sensitivity. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS One hundred and six pregnant women (24th-28th week of gestation), aged 27·9 ± 0·4 years, were compared to 106 age-matched healthy, nonpregnant women (controls). Measured parameters included serum levels of glucose, insulin, apelin, adiponectin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). The body mass index (BMI) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated as well. RESULTS BMI, serum lipids and insulin levels were significantly higher, whereas serum apelin and glucose levels were lower in the pregnancy group compared to the control group. There was a significant negative correlation between apelin and adiponectin, in both groups. Additionally, apelin was negatively correlated with ox-LDL and HDL-cholesterol in the pregnancy group. CONCLUSIONS Although strongly correlated with adiponectin, apelin cannot be used as a marker of insulin sensitivity, but it could serve as a marker of oxidative stress in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anargyros Kourtis
- 4th Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Apelin is a peptide known as the ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Several active apelin forms exist such as apelin-36, apelin-17, apelin-13, and the pyroglutamated form of apelin-13. Apelin and APJ are expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the hypothalamus and in many peripheral tissues. Apelin has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis, food intake, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. In addition to be an ubiquitous peptide, apelin is also produced and secreted by adipocytes and thus considered as an adipokine. This has opened a new field of investigation establishing a link between apelin and metabolic disorders (obesity, type 2 diabetes, etc.) which is the focus of the present review. Several studies, but not all, have reported an increase of plasma apelin concentrations in humans and in animal models with different metabolic pathologies. Moreover, important roles for apelin both in glucose and lipid metabolism have been highlighted as well as the associated signaling pathways. Apelin appears as a beneficial adipokine with anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties and thus as a promising therapeutic target in metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Castan-Laurell
- UMR 1048 INSERM, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC)/Université Paul Sabatier, 1 Ave J. Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chang CY, Tsai YC, Lee CH, Chan TF, Wang SH, Su JH. Lower serum apelin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2520-3.e1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
45
|
Yamamoto T, Habata Y, Matsumoto Y, Yasuhara Y, Hashimoto T, Hamajyo H, Anayama H, Fujii R, Fuse H, Shintani Y, Mori M. Apelin-transgenic mice exhibit a resistance against diet-induced obesity by increasing vascular mass and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:853-62. [PMID: 21609753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the G-protein-coupled 7-transmembrane receptor, APJ. The administration of apelin-13, a truncated 13-amino acid apelin peptide, in diet-induced obese mice is reported to result in a decrease in adiposity due to the increase of energy expenditure with an increase in the expression of uncoupling proteins. METHODS We systematically compared the phenotype of human apelin-transgenic (apelin-Tg) mice fed standard or high-fat diets (HFD) with that of non-Tg control mice to clarify the effect of apelin on obesity. The beneficial effects of apelin were evaluated by multiple assay methods including indirect calorimetrical measurements, gene expression analysis, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Apelin-Tg mice inhibited HFD-induced obesity without altering food intake and exhibited increased oxygen consumption and body temperature compared to non-Tg controls. Interestingly, the mRNA expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), a key molecule for vascular maturation, and its receptor, endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Tie2), were significantly upregulated in the skeletal muscle of HFD-fed apelin-Tg mice, and the areas of anti-CD31 antibody-positive endothelial cells also increased. Furthermore, both the aerobic type-I muscle fibre ratio and the DNA copy number of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 increased 2.0- and 1.4-fold in skeletal muscle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that apelin stimulates energy expenditure via increase vascular mass and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Apelin is a prerequisite factor for anti-obesity by stimulating energy expenditure via regulating homeostatic energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2011; 23:135-41. [PMID: 21386682 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e32834506b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
Mesmin C, Dubois M, Becher F, Fenaille F, Ezan E. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the absolute quantification of the expected circulating apelin peptides in human plasma. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2875-2884. [PMID: 20857448 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Apelin peptides are of great interest owing to their involvement in physiological and pathological processes and they have been proposed as novel biomarkers for heart failure. The plasma concentrations of bioactive peptides of 12 (apelin-12), 13 (apelin-13) and pyroglutamyl apelin-13 (apelin-p13), 17 (apelin-17) and 36 (apelin-36) amino acids are reported to range from 20 to 4000 pg/mL in healthy subjects. As standard immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each apelin peptide, we have developed a sensitive and targeted multiplexed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for each plasma apelin fragment. The approach was based on a cation-exchange extraction step of apelin forms present in human plasma. Apelin-12, -13, -p13, -17 and -36 were quantified using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used for quantification. Following assay validation, apelin peptide stability in plasma was investigated. Ten plasma samples from healthy donors were analyzed both with a standard immunoassay and with our LC/MS/MS method. The immunoassay results for the ten healthy donors showed immunoreactive plasma apelin concentrations ranging from 208 to 466 pg/mL. The lower limits of detection of our LC/MS/MS assay ranged from 10 to 50 pg/mL for apelin-12, -13, -p13, -17, and -36. Surprisingly, none of the five expected circulating forms of apelin was detected. These results question the nature and/or the concentration of circulating apelin peptides as well as the specificity of the immunoassays that have hitherto been used for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Mesmin
- CEA, iBiTec-S, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Inflammation, a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:535918. [PMID: 20847813 PMCID: PMC2929614 DOI: 10.1155/2010/535918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, the most common nutritional disorder in industrialized countries, is associated with an increased mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is primarily considered to be a disorder of energy balance, and it has recently been suggested that some forms of obesity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. The present paper focuses on the current status of our knowledge regarding chronic inflammation, a link between obesity and CVDs, including heart diseases, vascular disease and atherosclerosis. The paper discusses the methods of body fat evaluation in humans, the endocrinology and distribution of adipose tissue in the genders, the pathophysiology of obesity, the relationship among obesity, inflammation, and CVD, and the adipose tissue-derived cytokines known to affect inflammation. Due to space limitations, this paper focuses on C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, apelin, and retinol binding protein 4 as adipokines.
Collapse
|