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Shannon T, Cotter C, Fitzgerald J, Houle S, Levine N, Shen Y, Rajjoub N, Dobres S, Iyer S, Xenakis J, Lynch R, de Villena FPM, Kokiko-Cochran O, Gu B. Genetic diversity drives extreme responses to traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114677. [PMID: 38185315 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and heterogeneous condition that can cause wide-spectral neurological sequelae such as behavioral deficits, sleep abnormalities, and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). However, understanding the interaction of TBI phenome is challenging because few animal models can recapitulate the heterogeneity of TBI outcomes. We leveraged the genetically diverse recombinant inbred Collaborative Cross (CC) mice panel and systematically characterized TBI-related outcomes in males from 12 strains of CC and the reference C57BL/6J mice. We identified unprecedented extreme responses in multiple clinically relevant traits across CC strains, including weight change, mortality, locomotor activity, cognition, and sleep. Notably, we identified CC031 mouse strain as the first rodent model of PTE that exhibit frequent and progressive post-traumatic seizures after moderate TBI induced by lateral fluid percussion. Multivariate analysis pinpointed novel biological interactions and three principal components across TBI-related modalities. Estimate of the proportion of TBI phenotypic variability attributable to strain revealed large range of heritability, including >70% heritability of open arm entry time of elevated plus maze. Our work provides novel resources and models that can facilitate genetic mapping and the understanding of the pathobiology of TBI and PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Shannon
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Christopher Cotter
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Samuel Houle
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Noah Levine
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Yuyan Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Noora Rajjoub
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Shannon Dobres
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Sidharth Iyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - James Xenakis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Rachel Lynch
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Olga Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
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Sharma SR, Choudhary SK, Vorobiov J, Commins SP, Karim S. Tick bite-induced alpha-gal syndrome and immunologic responses in an alpha-gal deficient murine model. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1336883. [PMID: 38390396 PMCID: PMC10882631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1336883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS) is a delayed allergic reaction due to specific IgE antibodies targeting galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a carbohydrate found in red meat. This condition has gained significant attention globally due to its increasing prevalence, with more than 450,000 cases estimated just in the United States alone. Previous research has established a connection between AGS and tick bites, which sensitize individuals to α-gal antigens and elevate the levels of specific IgE. However, the precise mechanism by which tick bites influence the host's immune system and contribute to the development of AGS remains poorly understood. This study investigates various factors related to ticks and the host associated with the development of AGS following a tick bite, using mice with a targeted disruption of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGKO) as a model organism. Methods Lone-star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and gulf-coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) nymphs were used to sensitize AGKO mice, followed by pork meat challenge. Tick bite site biopsies from sensitized and non-sensitized mice were subjected to mRNA gene expression analysis to assess the host immune response. Antibody responses in sensitized mice were also determined. Results Our results showed a significant increase in the total IgE, IgG1, and α-gal IgG1 antibodies titers in the lone-star tick-sensitized AGKO mice compared to the gulf-coast tick-sensitized mice. Pork challenge in Am. americanum -sensitized mice led to a decline in body temperature after the meat challenge. Gene expression analysis revealed that Am. americanum bites direct mouse immunity toward Th2 and facilitate host sensitization to the α-gal antigen. Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that specific tick species may increase the risk of developing α-gal-specific IgE and hypersensitivity reactions or AGS, thereby providing opportunities for future research on the mechanistic role of tick and host-related factors in AGS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Raj Sharma
- School of Biological, Environment and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Shailesh K Choudhary
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Julia Vorobiov
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Scott P Commins
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environment and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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Smeekens JM, Kesselring JR, Bagley K, Kulis MD. A Mouse Model of Shrimp Allergy with Cross-Reactivity to Crab and Lobster. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2717:311-319. [PMID: 37737994 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3453-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a growing public health problem with recent estimates of 10% of the US population affected by this immunologic disease. The quality of life is greatly impaired in food allergic individuals and their caregivers due to constant vigilance and fear of accidental exposure. Shellfish allergies are of particular concern because their prevalence has increased over the past 15 years, now affecting an estimated 3% of the adult population and 1.3% of children in the USA. Additionally, they are rarely outgrown, can result in fatal reactions, and there are no FDA-approved therapies for shellfish allergies. Reactions to one type of shellfish, crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, and crab), can be especially severe. The major crustacean allergens are highly conserved across species, resulting in high cross-reactivity of IgE between shrimp, lobster, and crab in allergic individuals. To develop novel therapies for shellfish allergies, preclinical mouse models are required. In this chapter, we present detailed methodology to induce shrimp allergy in CC027 mice. Once sensitized, mice produce shrimp-specific IgE, that is cross-reactive with lobster and crab, and experience anaphylaxis upon shrimp challenge. This model can be used to further investigate mechanisms of sensitization and preclinical testing of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Janelle R Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Suk G, Kwon DH, Roers A, Abraham SN, Choi HW. Stabilization of activated mast cells by ORAI1 inhibitor suppresses peanut-induced anaphylaxis and acute diarrhea. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106887. [PMID: 37574155 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell (MC) activation triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-antigen crosslinking involves intracellular Ca2+ influx through the ORAI1 channel, which precedes granule exteriorization and de novo synthesis of mediators. Pharmacologically suppressing MCs via the inhibition of the ORAI1 Ca2+ channel may represent a potential strategy for preventing anaphylaxis. This study demonstrated that peanut-induced anaphylaxis in sensitized mice resulted in significant hypothermia and acute diarrhea. Utilizing the Mcpt5cre-DTA mouse model, we demonstrated that this anaphylactic response was mediated by IgE-antigen-induced MC activation. Prophylactic administration of MC suppressors was an effective means of preventing peanut-induced anaphylaxis. In addition, we observed the potent efficacy of an ORAI1 inhibitor in suppressing the FcεRI-mediated response of murine or human MCs, even when administered concurrently or post-allergen exposure. Mechanistically, the ORAI1 inhibitor was found to prevent the association of Synaptotagmin-2 with the SNARE complex. In an in vivo mouse model of peanut-induced anaphylaxis, the administration of the ORAI1 inhibitor after allergen challenge effectively suppressed allergic acute diarrhea and ameliorated anaphylaxis. Therefore, pharmacological intervention of ORAI1 channel inhibition in MCs represents a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of peanut-induced anaphylaxis and acute diarrhea in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongseo Suk
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Risemberg EL, Smeekens JM, Cisneros MCC, Hampton BK, Hock P, Linnertz CL, Miller DR, Orgel K, Shaw GD, de Villena FPM, Burks AW, Valdar W, Kulis MD, Ferris MT. A mutation in Themis contributes to peanut-induced oral anaphylaxis in CC027 mice. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.13.557467. [PMID: 37745496 PMCID: PMC10515941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The development of peanut allergy is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, although specific genes have proven difficult to identify. Previously, we reported that peanut-sensitized CC027/GeniUnc (CC027) mice develop anaphylaxis upon oral challenge to peanut, unlike C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice. Objective To determine the genetic basis of orally-induced anaphylaxis to peanut in CC027 mice. Methods A genetic mapping population between CC027 and C3H mice was designed to identify the genetic factors that drive oral anaphylaxis. A total of 356 CC027xC3H backcrossed mice were generated, sensitized to peanut, then challenged to peanut by oral gavage. Anaphylaxis and peanut-specific IgE were quantified for all mice. T-cell phenotyping was conducted on CC027 and five additional CC strains. Results Anaphylaxis to peanut was absent in 77% of backcrossed mice, with 19% showing moderate anaphylaxis, and 4% having severe anaphylaxis. A total of eight genetic loci were associated with variation in response to peanut challenge, six associated with anaphylaxis (temperature decrease) and two associated with peanut-specific IgE levels. There were two major loci that impacted multiple aspects of the severity of acute anaphylaxis, at which the CC027 allele was associated with worse outcome. At one of these loci, CC027 has a private genetic variant in the Themis (thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection) gene. Consistent with Themis' described functions, we found that CC027 have more immature T cells with fewer CD8+, CD4+, and CD4+CD25+CD127- regulatory T cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a key role for Themis in the orally-reactive CC027 mouse model of peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L. Risemberg
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Johanna M. Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Marta C. Cruz Cisneros
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Brea K. Hampton
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UNC Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Orgel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Ginger D. Shaw
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel Hill
| | | | - A. Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - William Valdar
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Michael D. Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill
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Smeekens JM, Immormino RM, Kesselring JR, Turner AV, Kulis MD, Moran TP. A single priming event prevents oral tolerance to peanut. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:930-940. [PMID: 37437951 PMCID: PMC10528191 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor dust (ID) is a source of peanut proteins and immunostimulatory adjuvants (e.g. LPS) that can promote airway sensitization to peanut. We aimed to determine whether a single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant is sufficient to prevent oral tolerance. METHODS To determine the effect of a single priming event, C57BL/6J mice were exposed once to peanut plus adjuvant through the airway, followed by either airway or low-dose oral exposure to peanut, and assessed for peanut allergy. Oral tolerance was investigated by feeding high-dose peanut followed by airway sensitization. To determine whether a single priming could prevent oral tolerance, the high-dose peanut regimen was applied after a single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant. Peanut-specific IgE and IgG1 were quantified, and mice were challenged to peanut to assess allergy. Peanut-specific CD4+ memory T cells (CD4+ TCRβ+ CD44hi CD154+ ) were quantified in mediastinal lymph nodes following airway priming. RESULTS Mice co-exposed to peanut with LPS or ID through the airway were primed to develop peanut allergy after subsequent low-dose oral or airway exposures to peanut. Oral tolerance was induced in mice fed high-dose peanut prior to airway sensitization. In contrast, mice fed high-dose peanut following a single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant led to allergy. Peanut-specific CD4+ memory T cells were detected as early as 7 days after the single airway priming with peanut plus adjuvant, however, delaying peanut feeding even 1 day following priming led to allergy, whereas peanut feeding the same day as priming led to tolerance. CONCLUSIONS A single airway exposure to peanut plus adjuvant is sufficient to prime the immune system to develop allergy following subsequent high-dose oral exposure. These results highlight the importance of introducing peanut as early as possible to prevent sensitization through a non-oral priming event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert M Immormino
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janelle R Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew V Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC Food Allergy Initiative, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy P Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Immormino RM, Smeekens JM, Mathai PI, Kesselring JR, Turner AV, Kulis MD, Moran TP. Peanut butter feeding induces oral tolerance in genetically diverse collaborative cross mice. Front Allergy 2023; 4:1219268. [PMID: 37528863 PMCID: PMC10387557 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1219268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early dietary introduction of peanut has shown efficacy in clinical trials and driven pediatric recommendations for early introduction of peanut to children with heightened allergy risk worldwide. Unfortunately, tolerance is not induced in every case, and a subset of patients are allergic prior to introduction. Here we assess peanut allergic sensitization and oral tolerance in genetically diverse mouse strains. Objective We aimed to determine whether environmental adjuvant-driven airway sensitization and oral tolerance to peanut could be induced in various genetically diverse mouse strains. Methods C57BL/6J and 12 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains were fed regular chow or ad libitum peanut butter to induce tolerance. Tolerance was tested by attempting to sensitize mice via intratracheal exposure to peanut and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by intraperitoneal peanut challenge. Peanut-specific immunoglobulins and peanut-induced anaphylaxis were assessed. Results Without oral peanut feeding, most CC strains (11/12) and C57BL/6J induced peanut-specific IgE and IgG1 following airway exposure to peanut and LPS. With oral peanut feeding none of the CC strains nor C57BL/6J mice became sensitized to peanut or experienced anaphylaxis following peanut challenge. Conclusion Allergic sensitization and oral tolerance to peanut can be achieved across a range of genetically diverse mice. Notably, the same strains that became allergic via airway sensitization were tolerized by feeding high doses of peanut butter before sensitization, suggesting that the order and route of peanut exposure are critical for determining the allergic fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Immormino
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Johanna M. Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Priscilla I. Mathai
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Janelle R. Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrew V. Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael D. Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Timothy P. Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Donoghue LJ, McFadden KM, Vargas D, Smith GJ, Immormino RM, Moran TP, Kelada SNP. Collaborative cross strain CC011/UncJ as a novel mouse model of T2-high, severe asthma. Respir Res 2023; 24:153. [PMID: 37296458 PMCID: PMC10251525 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among asthmatics, there is significant heterogeneity in the clinical presentation and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the recognition of multiple disease endotypes (e.g., T2-high vs. T2-low). This heterogeneity extends to severe asthmatics, who may struggle to control symptoms even with high-dose corticosteroid treatment and other therapies. However, there are limited mouse models available to model the spectrum of severe asthma endotypes. We sought to identify a new mouse model of severe asthma by first examining responses to chronic allergen exposure among strains from the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetics reference population, which contains greater genetic diversity than other inbred strain panels previously used for models of asthma. Mice from five CC strains and the often-used classical inbred strain BALB/cJ were chronically exposed to house dust mite (HDM) allergen for five weeks followed by measurements of airway inflammation. CC strain CC011/UncJ (CC011) exhibited extreme responses to HDM including high levels of airway eosinophilia, elevated lung resistance, and extensive airway wall remodeling, and even fatalities among ~ 50% of mice prior to study completion. Compared to BALB/cJ mice, CC011 mice had stronger Th2-mediated airway responses demonstrated by significantly elevated total and HDM-specific IgE and increased Th2 cytokines during tests of antigen recall, but not enhanced ILC2 activation. Airway eosinophilia in CC011 mice was completely dependent upon CD4+ T-cells. Notably, we also found that airway eosinophilia in CC011 mice was resistant to dexamethasone steroid treatment. Thus, the CC011 strain provides a new mouse model of T2-high, severe asthma driven by natural genetic variation likely acting through CD4+ T-cells. Future studies aimed at determining the genetic basis of this phenotype will provide new insights into mechanisms underlying severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Donoghue
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn M McFadden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Vargas
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Immormino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy P Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samir N P Kelada
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Keele GR. Which mouse multiparental population is right for your study? The Collaborative Cross inbred strains, their F1 hybrids, or the Diversity Outbred population. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad027. [PMID: 36735601 PMCID: PMC10085760 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiparental populations (MPPs) encompass greater genetic diversity than traditional experimental crosses of two inbred strains, enabling broader surveys of genetic variation underlying complex traits. Two such mouse MPPs are the Collaborative Cross (CC) inbred panel and the Diversity Outbred (DO) population, which are descended from the same eight inbred strains. Additionally, the F1 intercrosses of CC strains (CC-RIX) have been used and enable study designs with replicate outbred mice. Genetic analyses commonly used by researchers to investigate complex traits in these populations include characterizing how heritable a trait is, i.e. its heritability, and mapping its underlying genetic loci, i.e. its quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Here we evaluate the relative merits of these populations for these tasks through simulation, as well as provide recommendations for performing the quantitative genetic analyses. We find that sample populations that include replicate animals, as possible with the CC and CC-RIX, provide more efficient and precise estimates of heritability. We report QTL mapping power curves for the CC, CC-RIX, and DO across a range of QTL effect sizes and polygenic backgrounds for samples of 174 and 500 mice. The utility of replicate animals in the CC and CC-RIX for mapping QTLs rapidly decreased as traits became more polygenic. Only large sample populations of 500 DO mice were well-powered to detect smaller effect loci (7.5-10%) for highly complex traits (80% polygenic background). All results were generated with our R package musppr, which we developed to simulate data from these MPPs and evaluate genetic analyses from user-provided genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Keele
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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10
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Xu X, Wang X, Liao YP, Luo L, Xia T, Nel AE. Use of a Liver-Targeting Immune-Tolerogenic mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Platform to Treat Peanut-Induced Anaphylaxis by Single- and Multiple-Epitope Nucleotide Sequence Delivery. ACS Nano 2023; 17:4942-4957. [PMID: 36853930 PMCID: PMC10019335 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While oral desensitization is capable of alleviating peanut allergen anaphylaxis, long-term immune tolerance is the sought-after goal. We developed a liver-targeting lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform to deliver mRNA-encoded peanut allergen epitopes to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which function as robust tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells that induce FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs). The mRNA strand was constructed by including nucleotide sequences encoding for nonallergenic MHC-II binding T-cell epitopes, identified in the dominant peanut allergen, Ara h2. These epitopes were inserted in the mRNA strand downstream of an MHC-II targeting sequence, further endowed in vitro with 5' and 3' capping sequences, a PolyA tail, and uridine substitution. Codon-optimized mRNA was used for microfluidics synthesis of LNPs with an ionizable cationic lipid, also decorated with a lipid-anchored mannose ligand for LSEC targeting. Biodistribution to the liver was confirmed by in vivo imaging, while ELISpot assays demonstrated an increase in IL-10-producing Tregs in the spleen. Prophylactic administration of tandem-repeat or a combination of encapsulated Ara h2 epitopes induced robust tolerogenic effects in C3H/HeJ mice, sensitized to and subsequently challenged with crude peanut allergen extract. In addition to alleviating physical manifestations of anaphylaxis, there was suppression of Th2-mediated cytokine production, IgE synthesis, and mast cell release, accompanied by increased IL-10 and TGF-β production in the peritoneum. Similar efficacy was demonstrated during LNP administration postsensitization. While nondecorated particles had lesser but significant effects, PolyA/LNP-Man lacked protective effects. These results demonstrate an exciting application of mRNA/LNP for treatment of food allergen anaphylaxis, with the promise to be widely applicable to the allergy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center
of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lijia Luo
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center
of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center
of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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11
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Steinbach EC, Smeekens JM, Roy S, Toyonaga T, Cornaby C, Perini L, Berglind A, Kulis MD, Kim EH, Ferris MT, Furey TS, Burks AW, Sheikh SZ. Intestinal epithelial cell barrier dysfunction and elevated Angiopoietin-like 4 identified in orally susceptible peanut allergy model. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:210-215. [PMID: 36336910 PMCID: PMC9976618 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. Steinbach
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johanna M. Smeekens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Satyaki Roy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahiko Toyonaga
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caleb Cornaby
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Layna Perini
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana Berglind
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael D. Kulis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edwin H. Kim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Terrence S. Furey
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A. Wesley Burks
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shehzad Z. Sheikh
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Ganesan V, Sharma A, Tomar S, Schuler CF, Hogan SP. IL-4 receptor alpha signaling alters oral food challenge and immunotherapy outcomes in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:182-191.e6. [PMID: 35934083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy diagnosis and management causes a number of social and emotional challenges for individuals with food allergies and their caregivers. This has led to increased interest in developing approaches to accurately predict food allergy diagnosis, severity of food allergic reactions, and treatment outcomes. However, the utility of these approaches is somewhat conflicting. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop and utilize a murine model that mimics the disease course of food allergy diagnosis and treatment in humans and to identify biomarkers that predict reactivity during food challenge (FC) and responsiveness during oral immunotherapy (OIT) and how these outcomes are modified by genetics. METHODS Skin-sensitized intestinal IL-9 transgenic (IL9Tg) and IL9Tg mice backcrossed onto the IL-4RαY709F background received a single intragastric exposure of egg antigen (ovalbumin), underwent oral FC and OIT; food allergy severity, mast cell activation, and ovalbumin-specific IgE levels were examined to determine the predictability of these outcomes in determining reactivity and treatment outcomes. RESULTS Subcutaneous sensitization and a single intragastric allergen challenge of egg antigen to BALB/c IL9Tg mice and Il4raY709F IL9Tg induced a food allergic reaction. Enhanced IL-4Rα signaling altered the symptoms induced by the first oral exposure, decreased the cumulative antigen dose, increased the severity of reaction during oral FC, and altered the frequency of adverse events and OIT outcomes. Biomarkers after first oral exposure indicated that only the severity of the initial reaction significantly correlated with cumulative dose of oral FC. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-4Rα can alter clinical symptoms of food allergic reactions, severity, and reactive dose during FC and OIT, and that severity of first reaction can predict the likelihood of reaction during FC in mice with IL-4Rα gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Ganesan
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Charles F Schuler
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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13
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Hardy LC, Smeekens JM, Raghuwanshi D, Sarkar S, Daskhan GC, Rogers S, Nycholat C, Maleki S, Burks AW, Paulson JC, Macauley MS, Kulis MD. Targeting CD22 on memory B cells to induce tolerance to peanut allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1476-1485.e4. [PMID: 35839842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating IgE and subsequent severe allergic reactions to peanut are sustained and propagated by recall of peanut allergen-specific memory B cells. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether targeting mouse and human CD22 on peanut-specific memory B cells induces tolerance to peanut allergens. METHODS Siglec-engaging tolerance-inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs) codisplaying peanut allergens (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, or Ara h 3) and high-affinity CD22 ligand (CD22L-STALs) were employed in various mouse models (BALB/cJ, C57BL/6, human CD22 transgenic, and NSG) of peanut allergy. To investigate memory B cells, a conferred memory model was used in which splenocytes from peanut-sensitized mice were transferred into naive animals. Reconstituted mice received either CD22L-STALs or an immunogenic liposome control, followed by a peanut allergen boost and later a challenge with individual peanut allergens. To assess the effects of CD22L-STALs on human B cells, PBMCs were injected into NSG mice, followed by administration of human CD22L-STALs (hCD22L-STALs) and later a whole peanut extract boost. Blood was collected to quantify WPE- and Ara h 1-, 2-, and 3-specific immunoglobulins. RESULTS Mouse CD22L-STALs (mCD22L-STALs) significantly suppressed systemic memory to Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6 mice, as demonstrated by reduced allergen-specific IgE, IgG1, and anaphylaxis on challenge. Importantly, 2 doses of mCD22L-STALs led to prolonged tolerance for at least 3 months. hCD22L-STALs displayed similar suppression in mice expressing human CD22 on B cells. Finally, human B cells were tolerized in vivo in NSG mice by hCD22L-STALs. CONCLUSIONS Antigen-specific exploitation of CD22 on memory B cells can induce systemic immune tolerance.
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14
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Smeekens JM, Kesselring JR, Frizzell H, Bagley KC, Kulis MD. Induction of food-specific IgG by Gene Gun-delivered DNA vaccines. Front Allergy 2022; 3:969337. [PMID: 36340020 PMCID: PMC9632862 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.969337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shellfish and tree nut allergies are among the most prevalent food allergies, now affecting 2%–3% and 1% of the US population, respectively. Currently, there are no approved therapies for shellfish or tree nut allergies, with strict avoidance being the standard of care. However, oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy and subcutaneous immunotherapy for environmental allergens are efficacious and lead to the production of allergen-specific IgG, which causes suppression of allergen effector cell degranulation. Since allergen-specific IgG is a desired response to alleviate IgE-mediated allergies, we tested transcutaneously-delivered DNA vaccines targeting shellfish and tree nut allergens for their ability to induce antigen-specific IgG, which would have therapeutic potential for food allergies. Methods We assessed Gene Gun-delivered DNA vaccines targeting either crustacean shellfish or walnut/pecan allergens, with or without IL-12, in naïve mice. Three strains of mice, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ and CC027/GeniUnc, were evaluated for IgG production following vaccination. Vaccines were administered twice via Gene Gun, three weeks apart and then blood was collected three weeks following the final vaccination. Results Vaccination with shellfish allergen DNA led to increased shrimp-specific IgG in all three strains, with the highest production in C3H/HeJ from the vaccine alone, whereas the vaccine with IL-12 led to the highest IgG production in BALB/cJ and CC027/GeniUnc mice. Similar IgG production was also induced against lobster and crab allergens. For walnut/pecan vaccines, BALB/cJ and C3H/HeJ mice produced significantly higher walnut- and pecan-specific IgG with the vaccine alone compared to the vaccine with IL-12, while the CC027 mice made significantly higher IgG with the addition of IL-12. Notably, intramuscular administration of the vaccines did not lead to increased antigen-specific IgG production, indicating that Gene Gun administration is a superior delivery modality. Conclusions Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of DNA vaccines against two lifelong food allergies, shellfish and tree nuts, suggesting their potential as a food allergy therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Correspondence: Johanna M. Smeekens
| | - Janelle R. Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Michael D. Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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15
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Abstract
The Collaborative Cross (CC) and the Diversity Outbred (DO) stock mouse panels are the most powerful murine genetics tools available to the genetics community. Together, they combine the strength of inbred animal models with the diversity of outbred populations. Using the 63 CC strains or a panel of DO mice, each derived from the same 8 parental mouse strains, researchers can map genetic contributions to exceptionally complex immunological and infectious disease traits that would require far greater powering if performed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in human populations. These tools allow genes to be studied in heterozygous and homozygous states and provide a platform to study epistasis between interacting loci. Most importantly, once a quantitative phenotype is investigated and quantitative trait loci are identified, confirmatory genetic studies can be performed, which is often problematic using the GWAS approach. In addition, novel stable mouse models for immune phenotypes are often derived from studies utilizing the DO and CC mice that can serve as stronger model systems than existing ones in the field. The CC/DO systems have contributed to the fields of cancer immunology, autoimmunity, vaccinology, infectious disease, allergy, tissue rejection, and tolerance but have thus far been greatly underutilized. In this article, we present a recent review of the field and point out key areas of immunology that are ripe for further investigation and awaiting new CC/DO research projects. We also highlight some of the strong computational tools that have been developed for analyzing CC/DO genetic and phenotypic data. Additionally, we have formed a centralized community on the CyVerse infrastructure where immunogeneticists can utilize those software tools, collaborate with groups across the world, and expand the use of the CC and DO systems for investigating immunogenetic phenomena. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hackett
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Hudson-Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Heather Gibson
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Hudson-Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey Frelinger
- University of Arizona, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adam Buntzman
- University of Arizona, BIO5 Institute, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, Tucson, Arizona
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16
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Krempski JW, Lama JK, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Matsunaga M, Kita H. A Mouse Model of the “LEAP” Study Reveals a Role for CTLA-4 in Preventing Peanut Allergy Induced by Environmental Peanut Exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:425-439.e3. [PMID: 35288169 PMCID: PMC9378358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A human study, Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP), showed that early introduction of peanut products decreases the prevalence of peanut allergy among children. However, the immunologic mechanisms mediating the protective effects of consuming peanut products are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop a mouse model that simulates the LEAP study and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the study observations. METHODS Adult naive BALB/c mice were fed a commercial peanut butter product (Skippy) or buffer control and concomitantly exposed to peanut flour through the airway or skin to mimic environmental exposure. The animals were analyzed for anaphylactic reaction and by molecular and immunologic approaches. RESULTS After exposure to peanut flour through the airway or skin, naive mice developed peanut allergy, as demonstrated by acute and systemic anaphylaxis in response to challenge with peanut extract. Ingestion of Skippy, however, nearly abolished the increase in peanut-specific IgE and IgG and protected animals from developing anaphylaxis. Skippy-fed mice showed reduced numbers of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and germinal center B cells in their draining lymph nodes, and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a CD4+ T-cell population expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) in these animals. Critically, blocking CTLA-4 with antibody increased levels of peanut-specific antibodies and reversed the protective effects of Skippy. CONCLUSION Ingestion of a peanut product protects mice from peanut allergy induced by environmental exposure to peanuts, and the CTLA-4 pathway, which regulates Tfh cell responses, likely plays a pivotal role in this protection.
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Liu Q, Wang X, Liao YP, Chang CH, Li J, Xia T, Nel AE. Use of a Liver-targeting Nanoparticle Platform to Intervene in Peanut-induced anaphylaxis through delivery of an Ara h2 T-cell Epitope. Nano Today 2022; 42:101370. [PMID: 36969911 PMCID: PMC10038170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To address the urgent need for safe food allergen immunotherapy, we have developed a liver-targeting nanoparticle platform, capable of intervening in allergic inflammation, mast cell release and anaphylaxis through the generation of regulatory T-cells (Treg). In this communication, we demonstrate the use of a poly (lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle platform for intervening in peanut anaphylaxis through the encapsulation and delivery of a dominant protein allergen, Ara h 2 and representative T-cell epitopes, to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). These cells have the capacity to act as natural tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APC), capable of Treg generation by T-cell epitope presentation by histocompatibility (MHC) type II complexes on the LSEC surface. This allowed us to address the hypothesis that the tolerogenic nanoparticles platform could be used as an effective, safe, and scalable intervention for suppressing anaphylaxis to crude peanut allergen extract. Following the analysis of purified Ara h 2 and representative MHC-II epitopes Treg generation in vivo, a study was carried out to compare the best-performing Ara h 2 T-cell epitope with a purified Ara h 2 allergen, a crude peanut protein extract (CPPE) and a control peptide in an oral sensitization model. Prophylactic as well as post-sensitization administration of the dominant encapsulated Ara h 2 T-cell epitope was more effective than the purified Ara h2 in eliminating anaphylactic manifestations, hypothermia, and mast cell protease release in a frequently used peanut anaphylaxis model. This was accompanied by decreased peanut-specific IgE blood levels and increased TGF-β release in the abdominal cavity. The duration of the prophylactic effect was sustained for two months. These results demonstrate that targeted delivery of carefully selected T-cell epitopes to natural tolerogenic liver APC could serve as an effective platform for the treatment of peanut allergen anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiulong Li
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Ushiroda C, Takagi T, Fuke N, Mizushima K, Hirai Y, Higashimura Y, Harusato A, Kamada K, Uchiyama K, Ishikawa T, Aizawa K, Suganuma H, Itoh Y, Naito Y. Lycopene intake induces colonic regulatory T cells in mice and suppresses food allergy symptoms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13691. [PMID: 34716962 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy (FA) is a common disease in children; thus, a high level of safety is required for its prevention and treatment. Colonic regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been suggested to attenuate FA. We investigated the Treg-inducing ability and anti-FA effects of carotenoids, a pigment contained in vegetables and fruits. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were fed a diet containing 0.01% (w/w) of lycopene, β-carotene, astaxanthin or lutein for 4 weeks, and the population of colonic Tregs was assessed. Subsequently, to evaluate the Treg-inducing ability of lycopene, splenic naïve CD4+ T cells from BALB/c mice were cultured with anti-CD3/CD28 antibody, TGF-β and lycopene, and the frequencies of Tregs were examined. The effect of 0.1% (w/w) lycopene containing diet on FA was investigated in OVA-induced FA model BALB/c mice. RESULTS In screening, only lycopene significantly increased the frequency and number of colonic Tregs. Lycopene also increased Treg differentiation in splenic naïve CD4+ T cells. In FA mice, lycopene feeding significantly increased the number of colonic Tregs and attenuated allergic symptoms. The expression levels of IL-4, IL-9 and IL-13 mRNA in colonic mucosa were also significantly reduced by lycopene. IL-9 is known to induce proliferation of mast cells, and we found that lycopene feeding significantly reduced the number of mast cells in the colonic mucosa of FA mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that lycopene, a carotenoid present in many common foods on the market, may have the potential to induce colonic Tregs and suppress FA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ushiroda
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Saitama, Japan.,Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuke
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hirai
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higashimura
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akihito Harusato
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Gertie JA, Zhang B, Liu EG, Hoyt LR, Yin X, Xu L, Long LL, Soldatenko A, Gowthaman U, Williams A, Eisenbarth SC. Oral anaphylaxis to peanut in a mouse model is associated with gut permeability but not with Tlr4 or Dock8 mutations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:262-274. [PMID: 34051223 PMCID: PMC8626534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of food allergy is poorly understood; mouse models are powerful systems to discover immunologic pathways driving allergic disease. C3H/HeJ mice are a widely used model for the study of peanut allergy because, unlike C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice, they are highly susceptible to oral anaphylaxis. However, the immunologic mechanism of this strain's susceptibility is not known. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the unique susceptibility to anaphylaxis in C3H/HeJ mice. We tested the role of deleterious Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) or dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (Dock8) mutations in this strain because both genes have been associated with food allergy. METHODS We generated C3H/HeJ mice with corrected Dock8 or Tlr4 alleles and sensitized and challenged them with peanut. We then characterized the antibody response to sensitization, anaphylaxis response to both oral and systemic peanut challenge, gut microbiome, and biomarkers of gut permeability. RESULTS In contrast to C3H/HeJ mice, C57BL/6 mice were resistant to anaphylaxis after oral peanut challenge; however, both strains undergo anaphylaxis with intraperitoneal challenge. Restoring Tlr4 or Dock8 function in C3H/HeJ mice did not protect from anaphylaxis. Instead, we discovered enhanced gut permeability resulting in ingested allergens in the bloodstream in C3H/HeJ mice compared to C57BL/6 mice, which correlated with an increased number of goblet cells in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights the potential importance of gut permeability in driving anaphylaxis to ingested food allergens; it also indicates that genetic loci outside of Tlr4 and Dock8 are responsible for the oral anaphylactic susceptibility of C3H/HeJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Gertie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore
| | - Elise G Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Laura R Hoyt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Lauren L Long
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Arielle Soldatenko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Uthaman Gowthaman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Conn; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn.
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
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20
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Abstract
The prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergies has increased dramatically in the past three decades, now affecting up to 10% of the US population. IgE-mediated food allergy is an immunologic disease, involving a variety of cells, including B and T cells, mast cells, basophils, ILC2s, and epithelial cells. Mouse models of food allergy mimic the overall immunologic processes known to exist in humans. Due to the limitations of invasive sampling of human tissue and the similarities of the human and mouse immune systems, comprehensive pathogenesis studies of food allergy have been performed in mouse models. Mouse models have been effective in elucidating the roles of non-oral routes of sensitization and identifying key cells and molecules involved in allergic sensitization. Furthermore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches for food allergy has been accelerated through the use of pre-clinical mouse models. Despite the groundbreaking findings stemming from research in mice, there are continued efforts to improve the translational utility of these models. Here, we highlight the achievements in understanding food allergy development and efforts to bring novel treatment approaches into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Smeekens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Johanna M. Smeekens
| | - Michael D. Kulis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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21
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Smith GJ, Tovar A, McFadden K, Moran TP, Wagner JG, Harkema JR, Kelada SNP. A Murine Model of Ozone-induced Nonatopic Asthma from the Collaborative Cross. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:672-674. [PMID: 34851239 PMCID: PMC8641798 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0577le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Smith
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adelaide Tovar
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn McFadden
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Timothy P. Moran
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
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22
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Keele GR, Zhang T, Pham DT, Vincent M, Bell TA, Hock P, Shaw GD, Paulo JA, Munger SC, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Ferris MT, Gygi SP, Churchill GA. Regulation of protein abundance in genetically diverse mouse populations. Cell Genom 2021; 1:100003. [PMID: 36212994 PMCID: PMC9536773 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically diverse mouse populations are powerful tools for characterizing the regulation of the proteome and its relationship to whole-organism phenotypes. We used mass spectrometry to profile and quantify the abundance of 6,798 proteins in liver tissue from mice of both sexes across 58 Collaborative Cross (CC) inbred strains. We previously collected liver proteomics data from the related Diversity Outbred (DO) mice and their founder strains. We show concordance across the proteomics datasets despite being generated from separate experiments, allowing comparative analysis. We map protein abundance quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), identifying 1,087 local and 285 distal in the CC mice and 1,706 local and 414 distal in the DO mice. We find that regulatory effects on individual proteins are conserved across the mouse populations, in particular for local genetic variation and sex differences. In comparison, proteins that form complexes are often co-regulated, displaying varying genetic architectures, and overall show lower heritability and map fewer pQTLs. We have made this resource publicly available to enable quantitative analyses of the regulation of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tian Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Duy T. Pham
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Timothy A. Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ginger D. Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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23
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Matsushita K, Li X, Nakamura Y, Dong D, Mukai K, Tsai M, Montgomery SB, Galli SJ. The role of Sp140 revealed in IgE and mast cell responses in Collaborative Cross mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e146572. [PMID: 34156030 PMCID: PMC8262499 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse IgE and mast cell (MC) functions have been studied primarily using inbred strains. Here, we (a) identified effects of genetic background on mouse IgE and MC phenotypes, (b) defined the suitability of various strains for studying IgE and MC functions, and (c) began to study potentially novel genes involved in such functions. We screened 47 Collaborative Cross (CC) strains, as well as C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice, for strength of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and responses to the intestinal parasite Strongyloides venezuelensis (S.v.). CC mice exhibited a diversity in PCA strength and S.v. responses. Among strains tested, C57BL/6J and CC027 mice showed, respectively, moderate and uniquely potent MC activity. Quantitative trait locus analysis and RNA sequencing of BM-derived cultured MCs (BMCMCs) from CC027 mice suggested Sp140 as a candidate gene for MC activation. siRNA-mediated knock-down of Sp140 in BMCMCs decreased IgE-dependent histamine release and cytokine production. Our results demonstrated marked variations in IgE and MC activity in vivo, and in responses to S.v., across CC strains. C57BL/6J and CC027 represent useful models for studying MC functions. Additionally, we identified Sp140 as a gene that contributes to IgE-dependent MC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Matsushita
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Danyue Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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24
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Choudhary SK, Karim S, Iweala OI, Choudhary S, Crispell G, Sharma SR, Addison CT, Kulis M, Herrin BH, Little SE, Commins SP. Tick salivary gland extract induces alpha-gal syndrome in alpha-gal deficient mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:984-990. [PMID: 34034363 PMCID: PMC8342229 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Alpha‐gal syndrome (AGS) is characterized by delayed hypersensitivity to non‐primate mammalian meat in people having specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to the oligosaccharide galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose. AGS has been linked to tick bites from Amblyomma americanum (Aa) in the U.S. A small animal model of meat allergy is needed to study the mechanism of alpha‐gal sensitization, the effector phase leading to delayed allergic responses and potential therapeutics to treat AGS. Methods Eight‐ to ten‐weeks old mice with a targeted inactivation of alpha‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase (AGKO) were injected intradermally with 50 μg of Aa tick salivary gland extract (TSGE) on days 0, 7, 21, 28, 42, and 49. Total IgE and alpha‐gal sIgE were quantitated on Day 56 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were challenged orally with 400 mg of cooked pork kidney homogenate or pork fat. Reaction severity was assessed by measuring a drop in core body temperature and scoring allergic signs. Results Compared to control animals, mice treated with TSGE had 190‐fold higher total IgE on Day 56 (0.60 ± 0.12 ng/ml vs. 113.2 ± 24.77 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Alpha‐gal sIgE was also produced in AGKO mice following TSGE sensitization (undetected vs. 158.4 ± 72.43 pg/ml). Further, sensitized mice displayed moderate clinical allergic signs along with a drop in core body temperature of ≥2°C as an objective measure of a systemic allergic reaction. Interestingly, female mice had higher total IgE responses to TSGE treatment but male mice had larger declines in mean body temperature. Conclusion TSGE‐sensitized AGKO mice generate sIgE to alpha‐gal and demonstrate characteristic allergic responses to pork fat and pork kidney. In keeping with the AGS responses documented in humans, mice reacted more rapidly to organ meat than to high fat pork challenge. This mouse model establishes the central role of tick bites in the development of AGS and provides a small animal model to mechanistically study mammalian meat allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh K Choudhary
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shahid Karim
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Onyinye I Iweala
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shivangi Choudhary
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Crispell
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Surendra Raj Sharma
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Claire T Addison
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mike Kulis
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian H Herrin
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Susan E Little
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Scott P Commins
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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25
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Abstract
Food allergy presents a significant global health concern with up to 10% of the population affected in developed nations and a steadily increasing prevalence. In many cases, particularly with peanut, tree nut and shellfish, food allergy is a lifelong and potentially life-threatening diagnosis. While no 'cure' for IgE-mediated food allergy exists, oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment modality with the peanut OIT drug Palforzia (Aimmune Therapeutics) the only treatment for food allergy that is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. OIT primarily induces a state of desensitization with only a minority of subjects achieving sustained unresponsiveness, a state of limited clinical remission that appears to be immunologically distinct from natural tolerance. Early humoural changes during OIT include an initial increase in allergen-specific IgE, which eventually decreases to below baseline levels as OIT progresses, and a gradual increase in allergen-specific IgA and IgG4 that continues throughout the course of OIT. Basophil hyporesponsiveness and decreased skin prick test wheal size are observed within the first year of OIT, and persistence after completion of therapy has been associated with sustained unresponsiveness. In the T-cell compartment, there is an initial expansion followed by a decline in the number and activity of T helper 2 (TH 2) cells, the latter of which may be dependent on an expansion of IL-10-producing cells, including regulatory T-cells. Our understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of OIT continues to evolve, with new technologies such as single-cell transcriptional profiling and antibody epitope analysis allowing for more detailed study of T-cell and B-cell responses to OIT. In this review, we present evidence to illustrate what is currently known about the immunologic changes induced by OIT, explore potential mechanisms and emphasize knowledge gaps where future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Barshow
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Kulis
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Wesley Burks
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edwin H Kim
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Smeekens JM, Johnson-Weaver BT, Hinton AL, Azcarate-Peril MA, Moran TP, Immormino RM, Kesselring JR, Steinbach EC, Orgel KA, Staats HF, Burks AW, Mucha PJ, Ferris MT, Kulis MD. Fecal IgA, Antigen Absorption, and Gut Microbiome Composition Are Associated With Food Antigen Sensitization in Genetically Susceptible Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:599637. [PMID: 33542716 PMCID: PMC7850988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a potentially fatal disease affecting 8% of children and has become increasingly common in the past two decades. Despite the prevalence and severe nature of the disease, the mechanisms underlying sensitization remain to be further elucidated. The Collaborative Cross is a genetically diverse panel of inbred mice that were specifically developed to study the influence of genetics on complex diseases. Using this panel of mouse strains, we previously demonstrated CC027/GeniUnc mice, but not C3H/HeJ mice, develop peanut allergy after oral exposure to peanut in the absence of a Th2-skewing adjuvant. Here, we investigated factors associated with sensitization in CC027/GeniUnc mice following oral exposure to peanut, walnut, milk, or egg. CC027/GeniUnc mice mounted antigen-specific IgE responses to peanut, walnut and egg, but not milk, while C3H/HeJ mice were not sensitized to any antigen. Naïve CC027/GeniUnc mice had markedly lower total fecal IgA compared to C3H/HeJ, which was accompanied by stark differences in gut microbiome composition. Sensitized CC027/GeniUnc mice had significantly fewer CD3+ T cells but higher numbers of CXCR5+ B cells and T follicular helper cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes compared to C3H/HeJ mice, which is consistent with their relative immunoglobulin production. After oral challenge to the corresponding food, peanut- and walnut-sensitized CC027/GeniUnc mice experienced anaphylaxis, whereas mice exposed to milk and egg did not. Ara h 2 was detected in serum collected post-challenge from peanut-sensitized mice, indicating increased absorption of this allergen, while Bos d 5 and Gal d 2 were not detected in mice exposed to milk and egg, respectively. Machine learning on the change in gut microbiome composition as a result of food protein exposure identified a unique signature in CC027/GeniUnc mice that experienced anaphylaxis, including the depletion of Akkermansia. Overall, these results demonstrate several factors associated with enteral sensitization in CC027/GeniUnc mice, including diminished total fecal IgA, increased allergen absorption and altered gut microbiome composition. Furthermore, peanuts and tree nuts may have inherent properties distinct from milk and eggs that contribute to allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Andrew L. Hinton
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Timothy P. Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert M. Immormino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Janelle R. Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erin C. Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelly A. Orgel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Herman F. Staats
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - A. Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Peter J. Mucha
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael D. Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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27
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Benedé S, Berin MC. Applications of Mouse Models to the Study of Food Allergy. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:1-17. [PMID: 33226583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models of allergic disease offer numerous advantages when compared to the models of other animals. However, selection of appropriate mouse models is critical to advance the field of food allergy by revealing mechanisms of allergy and for testing novel therapeutic approaches. All current mouse models for food allergy have weaknesses that may limit their applicability to human disease. Aspects such as the genetic predisposition to allergy or tolerance from the strain of mouse used, allergen dose, route of exposure (oral, intranasal, intraperitoneal, or epicutaneous), damage of the epithelial barrier, use of adjuvants, food matrix effects, or composition of the microbiota should be considered prior to the selection of a specific murine model and contemplated according to the intended purpose of the study. This chapter reviews our current knowledge on the application of mouse models to food allergy research and the variables that may influence the successful development of each type of model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Smeekens JM, Orgel KA, Kesselring J, Bagley K, Kulis MD. Model of Walnut Allergy in CC027/GeniUnc Mice Recapitulates Key Features of Human Disease. Yale J Biol Med 2020; 93:669-673. [PMID: 33380927 PMCID: PMC7757060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tree nut allergies affect 1% of the United States population, are often severe in nature and rarely outgrown. Despite the severity and prevalence, there are no FDA-approved treatments for tree nut allergy. Development of a therapeutic would be expedited by having a mouse model that mimics the human disease. We utilized the CC027/GeniUnc mouse strain, which was previously identified as an orally reactive model of peanut allergy, to develop a model of walnut allergy. Mice were sensitized with walnut and cholera toxin for 4 weeks and subsequently challenged by oral gavage. Blood samples were collected to measure serum IgE. Walnut-sensitized mice produced high levels of walnut-IgE and were cross-sensitized to pecan. Oral challenges with walnut resulted in severe anaphylaxis and accompanying allergic symptoms. Importantly, pecan challenges also led to severe allergic reactions, indicating cross-reactivity to pecan. Overall, this novel mouse model reproduces key characteristics of human walnut allergy, which provides a platform to develop novel therapies and better understand sensitization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Johanna M. Smeekens, 116 Manning Dr., Room 3004, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Tel:
919-537-3335, ; ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9651-3852.
| | - Kelly A. Orgel
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Janelle Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Michael D. Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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29
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Giusti-Rodríguez P, Xenakis JG, Crowley JJ, Nonneman RJ, DeCristo DM, Ryan A, Quackenbush CR, Miller DR, Shaw GD, Zhabotynsky V, Sullivan PF, Manuel de Villena FP, Zou F. Antipsychotic Behavioral Phenotypes in the Mouse Collaborative Cross Recombinant Inbred Inter-Crosses (RIX). G3 (Bethesda) 2020; 10:3165-77. [PMID: 32694196 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.400975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is an idiopathic disorder that affects approximately 1% of the human population, and presents with persistent delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behaviors. Antipsychotics are the standard pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia, but are frequently discontinued by patients due to inefficacy and/or side effects. Chronic treatment with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol causes tardive dyskinesia (TD), which manifests as involuntary and often irreversible orofacial movements in around 30% of patients. Mice treated with haloperidol develop many of the features of TD, including jaw tremors, tongue protrusions, and vacuous chewing movements (VCMs). In this study, we used genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred inter-cross (RIX) mice to elucidate the genetic basis of antipsychotic-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We performed a battery of behavioral tests in 840 mice from 73 RIX lines (derived from 62 CC strains) treated with haloperidol or placebo in order to monitor the development of ADRs. We used linear mixed models to test for strain and treatment effects. We observed highly significant strain effects for almost all behavioral measurements investigated (P < 0.001). Further, we observed strong strain-by-treatment interactions for most phenotypes, particularly for changes in distance traveled, vertical activity, and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Estimates of overall heritability ranged from 0.21 (change in body weight) to 0.4 (VCMs and change in distance traveled) while the portion attributable to the interactions of treatment and strain ranged from 0.01 (for change in body weight) to 0.15 (for change in EPS). Interestingly, close to 30% of RIX mice exhibited VCMs, a sensitivity to haloperidol exposure, approximately similar to the rate of TD in humans chronically exposed to haloperidol. Understanding the genetic basis for the susceptibility to antipsychotic ADRs may be possible in mouse, and extrapolation to humans could lead to safer therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia.
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30
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Wu YJ, Song YN, Geng XR, Ma F, Mo LH, Zhang XW, Liu DB, Liu ZG, Yang PC. Soluble CD83 alleviates experimental allergic rhinitis through modulating antigen-specific Th2 cell property. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:216-227. [PMID: 31929750 PMCID: PMC6949156 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Dysfunction of the immune regulatory system plays a role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). The underlying mechanism needs to be further investigated. Published data indicate that soluble CD83 (sCD83) has immune regulatory activities. This study aims to investigate the role of sCD83 in the alleviation of experimental AR. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from AR patients. Serum levels of sCD83 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A murine AR model was developed to test the effects of sCD83 on suppressing experimental AR. Results: We found that serum levels of sCD83 in the AR group were lower than that in the healthy control group. A negative correlation was identified between the serum sCD83 levels and the frequency of T helper-2 (Th2) cells. The low serum sCD83 levels were also associated with the Bcl2L12 expression in antigen-specific Th2 cells. Exposure to sCD83 enhanced the responsiveness of antigen-specific Th2 cells to apoptosis inducers via suppressing the Bcl2L12 expression. Administration of sCD83 efficiently suppressed experimental AR. Conclusions: sCD83 contributes to immune homeostasis by regulating CD4+ T cell activities. Administration of sCD83 may have translational potential for the treatment of AR or other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- ENT Hospital of Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Nan Song
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Geng
- ENT Hospital of Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Mo
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Bo Liu
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Smeekens JM, Immormino RM, Balogh PA, Randell SH, Kulis MD, Moran TP. Indoor dust acts as an adjuvant to promote sensitization to peanut through the airway. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1500-1511. [PMID: 31444814 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that environmental peanut exposure through non-oral routes, including the skin and respiratory tract, can result in peanut sensitization. Environmental adjuvants in indoor dust can promote sensitization to inhaled antigens, but whether they contribute to peanut allergy development is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether indoor dust promotes airway sensitization to peanut and peanut allergy development in mice. METHODS Female and male C57BL/6J mice were exposed via the airways to peanut, indoor dust extract, or both for 2 weeks. Mice were then challenged with peanut and assessed for anaphylaxis. Peanut-specific immunoglobulins, peanut uptake by lung conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), lung innate cytokines, and T cell differentiation in lung-draining lymph nodes were quantified. Innate cytokine production by primary human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to indoor dust was also determined. RESULTS Inhalational exposure to low levels of peanut in combination with indoor dust, but neither alone, resulted in production of peanut-specific IgE and development of anaphylaxis upon peanut challenge. Indoor dust triggered production of innate cytokines in murine lungs and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Additionally, inhaled indoor dust stimulated maturation and migration of peanut-laden lung type 1 cDCs to draining lymph nodes. Inhalational exposure to peanut and indoor dust induced peanut-specific T helper 2 cell differentiation and accumulation of T follicular helper cells in draining lymph nodes, which were associated with increased B cell numbers and peanut-specific immunoglobulin production. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Indoor dust promotes airway sensitization to peanut and development of peanut allergy in mice. Our findings suggest that environmental adjuvants in indoor dust may be determinants of peanut allergy development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Peter A Balogh
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Timothy P Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Abstract
The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose range of applications includes quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. The design of a CC QTL mapping study involves multiple decisions, including which and how many strains to use, and how many replicates per strain to phenotype, all viewed within the context of hypothesized QTL architecture. Until now, these decisions have been informed largely by early power analyses that were based on simulated, hypothetical CC genomes. Now that more than 50 CC strains are available and more than 70 CC genomes have been observed, it is possible to characterize power based on realized CC genomes. We report power analyses from extensive simulations and examine several key considerations: 1) the number of strains and biological replicates, 2) the QTL effect size, 3) the presence of population structure, and 4) the distribution of functionally distinct alleles among the founder strains at the QTL. We also provide general power estimates to aide in the design of future experiments. All analyses were conducted with our R package, SPARCC (Simulated Power Analysis in the Realized Collaborative Cross), developed for performing either large scale power analyses or those tailored to particular CC experiments.
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Shorter JR, Najarian ML, Bell TA, Blanchard M, Ferris MT, Hock P, Kashfeen A, Kirchoff KE, Linnertz CL, Sigmon JS, Miller DR, McMillan L, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F. Whole Genome Sequencing and Progress Toward Full Inbreeding of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Population. G3 (Bethesda) 2019; 9:1303-1311. [PMID: 30858237 PMCID: PMC6505143 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two key features of recombinant inbred panels are well-characterized genomes and reproducibility. Here we report on the sequenced genomes of six additional Collaborative Cross (CC) strains and on inbreeding progress of 72 CC strains. We have previously reported on the sequences of 69 CC strains that were publicly available, bringing the total of CC strains with whole genome sequence up to 75. The sequencing of these six CC strains updates the efforts toward inbreeding undertaken by the UNC Systems Genetics Core. The timing reflects our competing mandates to release to the public as many CC strains as possible while achieving an acceptable level of inbreeding. The new six strains have a higher than average founder contribution from non-domesticus strains than the previously released CC strains. Five of the six strains also have high residual heterozygosity (>14%), which may be related to non-domesticus founder contributions. Finally, we report on updated estimates on residual heterozygosity across the entire CC population using a novel, simple and cost effective genotyping platform on three mice from each strain. We observe a reduction in residual heterozygosity across all previously released CC strains. We discuss the optimal use of different genetic resources available for the CC population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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