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Liang J, Han Z, Feng J, Xie F, Luo W, Chen H, He J. Targeted metabolomics combined with machine learning to identify and validate new biomarkers for early SLE diagnosis and disease activity. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110235. [PMID: 38710348 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the assessment of disease activity progression remain a great challenge. Targeted metabolomics has great potential to identify new biomarkers of SLE. METHODS Serum from 44 healthy participants and 89 SLE patients were analyzed using HM400 high-throughput targeted metabolomics. Machine learning (ML) with seven learning models and trained the model several times iteratively selected the two best prediction model in a competitive way, which were independent validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) with 90 SLE patients. RESULTS In this study, 146 differential metabolites, most of them organic acids, amino acids, and bile acids, were detected between patients with initial SLE and healthy participants, and 8 potential biomarkers were found by intersection of ML and statistics (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.95) showing a significant positive correlation with clinical indicators. In addition, we identified and validated 2 potential biomarkers for SLE classification (P < 0.05, AUC > 0.775; N-Methyl-L-glutamic acid, L-2-aminobutyric acid) showing a significant correlation with the SLE Disease Activity Index. These differential metabolites were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, amino acid biosynthesis, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism and other pathways. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the tricarboxylic acid cycle might be associated with SLE drug therapy. We identified 8 diagnostic models biomarkers and 2 biomarkers that could be used to identify initial SLE and distinguish different activity degree, which will promote the development of new tools for the diagnosis and evaluation of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Radiology department of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Luo
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Panyu Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinhua He
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China.
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Rojo-Sánchez A, Carmona-Martes A, Díaz-Olmos Y, Santamaría-Torres M, Cala MP, Orozco-Acosta E, Aroca-Martínez G, Pacheco-Londoño L, Navarro-Quiroz E, Pacheco-Lugo LA. Urinary metabolomic profiling of a cohort of Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9555. [PMID: 38664528 PMCID: PMC11045835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune and multisystem disease with a high public health impact. Lupus nephritis (LN), commonly known as renal involvement in SLE, is associated with a poorer prognosis and increased rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. Identifying new urinary biomarkers that can be used for LN prognosis or diagnosis is essential and is part of current active research. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach involving liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to urine samples collected from 17 individuals with SLE and no kidney damage, 23 individuals with LN, and 10 clinically healthy controls (HCs) to identify differential metabolic profiles for SLE and LN. The data analysis revealed a differentially abundant metabolite expression profile for each study group, and those metabolites may act as potential differential biomarkers of SLE and LN. The differential metabolic pathways found between the LN and SLE patients with no kidney involvement included primary bile acid biosynthesis, branched-chain amino acid synthesis and degradation, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and tryptophan metabolism. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that monopalmitin, glycolic acid, and glutamic acid allowed for the differentiation of individuals with SLE and no kidney involvement and individuals with LN considering high confidence levels. While the results offer promise, it is important to recognize the significant influence of medications and other external factors on metabolomics studies. This impact has the potential to obscure differences in metabolic profiles, presenting a considerable challenge in the identification of disease biomarkers. Therefore, experimental validation should be conducted with a larger sample size to explore the diagnostic potential of the metabolites found as well as to examine how treatment and disease activity influence the identified chemical compounds. This will be crucial for refining the accuracy and effectiveness of using urine metabolomics for diagnosing and monitoring lupus and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rojo-Sánchez
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ada Carmona-Martes
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yirys Díaz-Olmos
- Health Sciences Division, Medicine Program, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Mary Santamaría-Torres
- Metabolomics Core Facility-MetCore, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica P Cala
- Metabolomics Core Facility-MetCore, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Erick Orozco-Acosta
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Aroca-Martínez
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Clínica de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Pacheco-Londoño
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Elkin Navarro-Quiroz
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lisandro A Pacheco-Lugo
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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Benedet PO, Safikhan NS, Pereira MJ, Lum BM, Botezelli JD, Kuo CH, Wu HL, Craddock BP, Miller WT, Eriksson JW, Yue JTY, Conway EM. CD248 promotes insulin resistance by binding to the insulin receptor and dampening its insulin-induced autophosphorylation. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104906. [PMID: 38061240 PMCID: PMC10750038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of new treatments, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its morbidities continue to rise. The key feature of T2D is resistance of adipose tissue and other organs to insulin. Approaches to overcome insulin resistance are limited due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms and inaccessibility of drugs to relevant intracellular targets. We previously showed in mice and humans that CD248, a pre/adipocyte cell surface glycoprotein, acts as an adipose tissue sensor that mediates the transition from healthy to unhealthy adipose, thus promoting insulin resistance. METHODS Molecular mechanisms by which CD248 regulates insulin signaling were explored using in vivo insulin clamp studies and biochemical analyses of cells/tissues from CD248 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Findings were validated with human adipose tissue specimens. FINDINGS Genetic deletion of CD248 in mice, overcame diet-induced insulin resistance with improvements in glucose uptake and lipolysis in white adipose tissue depots, effects paralleled by increased adipose/adipocyte GLUT4, phosphorylated AKT and GSK3β, and reduced ATGL. The insulin resistance of the WT mice could be attributed to direct interaction of the extracellular domains of CD248 and the insulin receptor (IR), with CD248 acting to block insulin binding to the IR. This resulted in dampened insulin-mediated autophosphorylation of the IR, with reduced downstream signaling/activation of intracellular events necessary for glucose and lipid homeostasis. INTERPRETATION Our discovery of a cell-surface CD248-IR complex that is accessible to pharmacologic intervention, opens research avenues toward development of new agents to prevent/reverse insulin resistance. FUNDING Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundations for Innovation (CFI), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, Family Ernfors Foundation and Novo Nordisk Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia O Benedet
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nooshin S Safikhan
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology & Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Bryan M Lum
- Department of Physiology, Alberta Diabetes Institute and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Barbara P Craddock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology & Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jessica T Y Yue
- Department of Physiology, Alberta Diabetes Institute and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Ahmed F, Vranic M, Hetty S, Mathioudaki A, Patsoukaki V, Fanni G, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Increased OCT3 Expression in Adipose Tissue With Aging: Implications for Catecholamine and Lipid Turnover and Insulin Resistance in Women. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad172. [PMID: 37972266 PMCID: PMC10690730 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis is reduced with aging, which may promote adiposity and insulin resistance. Organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), which is inhibited by estradiol (E2), mediates catecholamine transport into adipocytes for degradation, thus decreasing lipolysis. In this study, we investigated the association of OCT3 mRNA levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with aging and markers of insulin resistance in women. METHODS SAT biopsies were obtained from 66 women with (19) or without (47) type 2 diabetes (age 22-76 years, 20.0-40.1 kg/m2). OCT3 mRNA and protein levels were measured for group comparisons and correlation analysis. SAT was incubated with E2 and OCT3 mRNA levels were measured. Associations between OCT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and diabetes-associated traits were assessed. RESULTS OCT3 mRNA and protein levels in SAT increased with aging. SAT from postmenopausal women had higher levels of OCT3 than premenopausal women, and there was a dose-dependent reduction in OCT3 mRNA levels in SAT treated with E2. OCT3 mRNA levels were negatively associated with markers of insulin resistance, and ex vivo lipolysis. OCT3 SNPs were associated with BMI, waist to hip ratio, and circulating lipids (eg, triglycerides). CONCLUSION OCT3 mRNA and protein levels in SAT increased with aging, and mRNA levels were negatively associated with markers of insulin resistance. E2 incubation downregulated OCT3 mRNA levels, which may explain lower OCT3 mRNA in premenopausal vs postmenopausal women. High OCT3 protein levels in adipose tissue may result in increased catecholamine degradation, and this can contribute to the reduction in lipolysis observed in women with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Argyri Mathioudaki
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vagia Patsoukaki
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Chen LJ, Xin Y, Yuan MX, Ji CY, Peng YM, Yin Q. CircFOXN2 alleviates glucocorticoid- and tacrolimus-induced dyslipidemia by reducing FASN mRNA stability by binding to PTBP1 during liver transplantation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C796-C806. [PMID: 37575056 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00462.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine impacts and functional mechanism of circular RNA forkhead box N2 (FOXN2) in tacrolimus (TAC)- and dexamethasone (Dex)-induced lipid metabolism disorders. RNA level and protein contents in TAC, Dex, or combined TAC- plus Dex-treated patients and Huh-7 cells were measured utilizing quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR and western blotting assays measured the formation of lipid droplet. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined using corresponding commercial kits and Oil red O staining. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down verified the binding relationship among circFOXN2, polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a dyslipidemia mouse model to validate the discoveries at the cellular level. Dex treatment significantly promoted TAC-mediated increase of TC and TG in serum samples and Huh-7 cells. Moreover, circFOXN2 was reduced but FASN was elevated in TAC-treated Huh-7 cells, and these expression trends were markedly enhanced by Dex cotreatment. Overexpression of circFOXN2 could reverse the accumulation of TC and TG and the upregulation of FASN and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2) mediated by Dex and TAC cotreatment. Mechanistically, circFOXN2 reduced FASN mRNA stability by recruiting PTBP1. The protective roles of circFOXN2 overexpression on lipid metabolism disorders were weakened by FASN overexpression. In vivo finding also disclosed that circFOXN2 greatly alleviated the dysregulation of lipid metabolism triggered by TAC plus Dex. CircFOXN2 alleviated the dysregulation of lipid metabolism induced by the combination of TAC and Dex by modulating the PTBP1/FASN axis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Collectively, our experiments revealed for the first time that circFOXN2 alleviated the Dex- and TAC-induced dysregulation of lipid metabolism by regulating the PTBP1/FASN axis. These findings suggested that circFOXN2 and FASN might be candidate targets for the treatment of Dex- and TAC-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Xian Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Kivitz A, DeHaan W, Azeem R, Park J, Rhodes S, Inshaw J, Leung SS, Nicolaou S, Johnston L, Kishimoto TK, Traber PG, Sands E, Choi H. Phase 2 Dose-Finding Study in Patients with Gout Using SEL-212, a Novel PEGylated Uricase (SEL-037) Combined with Tolerogenic Nanoparticles (SEL-110). Rheumatol Ther 2023; 10:825-847. [PMID: 37069364 PMCID: PMC10326180 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-023-00546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SEL-212 is a developmental treatment for uncontrolled gout characterized by serum uric acid (sUA) levels ≥ 6 mg/dl despite treatment. It comprises a novel PEGylated uricase (SEL-037; also called pegadricase) co-administered with tolerogenic nanoparticles containing sirolimus (rapamycin) (SEL-110; also called ImmTOR®), which mitigates the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against uricase and SEL-037 (PEGylated uricase), thereby enabling sustained sUA control (sUA < 6 mg/dl). The aim of this study was to identify appropriate dosing for SEL-037 and SEL-110 for use in phase 3 clinical trials. METHODS This open-label phase 2 study was conducted in adults with symptomatic gout and sUA ≥ 6 mg/dl. Participants received five monthly infusions of SEL-037 (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) alone or in combination with three or five monthly infusions of SEL-110 (0.05-0.15 mg/kg). Safety, tolerability, sUA, ADAs, and tophi were monitored for 6 months. RESULTS A total of 152 adults completed the study. SEL-037 alone resulted in rapid sUA reductions that were not sustained beyond 30 days in most participants due to ADA formation and loss of uricase activity. Levels of ADAs decreased with increasing doses of SEL-110 up to 0.1 mg/kg, with anti-uricase titers < 1080 correlating with sustained sUA control and reductions in tophi. Overall, 66% of evaluable participants achieved sUA control at week 20 following five monthly doses of SEL-037 0.2 mg/kg + SEL-110 0.1-0.15 mg/kg, whereas only 26% achieved sUA control at week 20 when SEL-110 was withdrawn after week 12. Compared to other dose combinations, SEL-037 0.2 mg/kg + SEL-110 0.15 mg/kg achieved the greatest sUA control at week 12 and was well-tolerated with no safety concerns. CONCLUSION Results provide continued support for the use of multiple monthly administrations of SEL-037 0.2 mg/kg + SEL-110 0.1-0.15 mg/kg in clinical trials for SEL-212. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02959918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kivitz
- Altoona Center for Clinical Research, Duncansville, PA, USA
| | | | - Rehan Azeem
- Selecta Biosciences, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Justin Park
- Selecta Biosciences, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Savvas Nicolaou
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Earl Sands
- Selecta Biosciences, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Hyon Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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A mixed blessing for liver transplantation patients - Rapamycin. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:14-21. [PMID: 36328894 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is an effective treatment option for end-stage liver disease. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, such as rapamycin, are widely used post LT. DATA SOURCES In this review, we focused on the anti-cancer activities and metabolic side effects of rapamycin after LT. The literature available on PubMed for the period of January 1999-September 2022 was reviewed. The key words were rapamycin, sirolimus, liver transplantation, hepatocellular carcinoma, diabetes, and lipid metabolism disorder. RESULTS Rapamycin has shown excellent effects and is safer than other immunosuppressive regimens. It has exhibited excellent anti-cancer activity and has the potential in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence post LT. Rapamycin is closely related to two long-term complications after LT, diabetes and lipid metabolism disorders. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin prevents HCC recurrence post LT in some patients, but it also induces metabolic disorders. Reasonable use of rapamycin benefits the liver recipients.
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Parrella A, Iannuzzi A, Annunziata M, Covetti G, Cavallaro R, Aliberti E, Tortori E, Iannuzzo G. Haematological Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism and Vascular Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081935. [PMID: 36009482 PMCID: PMC9405726 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drugs affect lipid metabolism and have side effects which promote atherosclerosis. The prevalence of cancer-therapy-related cardiovascular (CV) disease is increasing due to development of new drugs and improved survival of patients: cardio-oncology is a new field of interest and research. Moreover, drugs used in transplanted patients frequently have metabolic implications. Increasingly, internists, lipidologists, and angiologists are being consulted by haematologists for side effects on metabolism (especially lipid metabolism) and arterial circulation caused by drugs used in haematology. The purpose of this article is to review the main drugs used in haematology with side effects on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, detailing their mechanisms of action and suggesting the most effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Parrella
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Iannuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Covetti
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raimondo Cavallaro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Aliberti
- North Tees University Hospital, Stockton-on-Tees TS19 8PE, UK
| | - Elena Tortori
- Pharmacy Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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PINHO ARYANEC, BURGEIRO ANA, PEREIRA MARIAJOÃO, CARVALHO EUGENIA. Drug-induced metabolic alterations in adipose tissue - with an emphasis in epicardial adipose tissue. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EUGENIA CARVALHO
- University of Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Portugal
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10
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Sánchez JC, Valencia-Vásquez A, García AM. Role of TRPV4 Channel in Human White Adipocytes Metabolic Activity. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:997-1006. [PMID: 34648704 PMCID: PMC8566118 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis plays an essential role in adipocyte metabolism and its alteration is associated with obesity and related disorders. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are an important Ca2+ pathway in adipocytes and their activity is regulated by metabolic mediators such as insulin. In this study, we evaluated the role of TRPV4 channels in metabolic activity and adipokine secretion in human white adipocytes. METHODS Human white adipocytes were freshly cultured and the effects of the activation and inhibition of TRPV4 channels on lipolysis, glucose uptake, lactate production, and leptin and adiponectin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS Under basal and isoproterenol-stimulated conditions, TRPV4 activation by GSK1016709A decreased lipolysis whereas HC067047, an antagonist, increased lipolysis. The activation of TRPV4 resulted in increased glucose uptake and lactate production under both basal conditions and insulin-stimulated conditions; in contrast HC067047 decreased both parameters. Leptin production was increased, and adiponectin production was diminished by TRPV4 activation and its inhibition had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that TRPV4 channels are metabolic mediators involved in proadipogenic processes and glucose metabolism in adipocyte biology. TRPV4 channels could be a potential pharmacological target to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Aníbal Valencia-Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Andrés M García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
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11
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Choi C, Son Y, Kim J, Cho YK, Saha A, Kim M, Im H, Kim K, Han J, Lee JW, Seong JK, Lee YH. TM4SF5 Knockout Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity Partly by Regulating Autophagy in Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2021; 70:2000-2013. [PMID: 34187836 PMCID: PMC8576418 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) functions as a sensor for lysosomal arginine levels and activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). While the mTORC1 signaling pathway plays a key role in adipose tissue metabolism, the regulatory function of TM4SF5 in adipocytes remains unclear. In this study we aimed to establish a TM4SF5 knockout (KO) mouse model and investigated the effects of TM4SF5 KO on mTORC1 signaling-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue. TM4SF5 expression was higher in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) than in brown adipose tissue and significantly upregulated by a high-fat diet (HFD). TM4SF5 KO reduced mTORC1 activation and enhanced autophagy and lipolysis in adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis of TM4SF5 KO mouse iWAT showed that the expression of genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling pathways and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was upregulated. Consequently, TM4SF5 KO reduced adiposity and increased energy expenditure and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. TM4SF5 KO prevented HFD-induced glucose intolerance and inflammation in adipose tissue. Collectively, the results of our study demonstrate that TM4SF5 regulates autophagy and lipid catabolism in adipose tissue and suggest that TM4SF5 could be therapeutically targeted for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhang T, Mohan C. Caution in studying and interpreting the lupus metabolome. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:172. [PMID: 32680552 PMCID: PMC7367412 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several metabolomics studies have shed substantial light on the pathophysiological pathways underlying multiple diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review takes stock of our current understanding of this field. We compare, collate, and investigate the metabolites in SLE patients and healthy volunteers, as gleaned from published metabolomics studies on SLE. In the surveyed primary reports, serum or plasma samples from SLE patients and healthy controls were assayed using mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and metabolites differentiating SLE from controls were identified. Collectively, the circulating metabolome in SLE is characterized by reduced energy substrates from glycolysis, Krebs cycle, fatty acid β oxidation, and glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid metabolism; enhanced activity of the urea cycle; decreased long-chain fatty acids; increased medium-chain and free fatty acids; and augmented peroxidation and inflammation. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because several of the same metabolic pathways are also significantly influenced by the medications commonly used in SLE patients, common co-morbidities, and other factors including smoking and diet. In particular, whereas the metabolic alterations relating to inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione generation do not appear to be steroid-dependent, the other metabolic changes may in part be influenced by steroids. To conclude, metabolomics studies of SLE and other rheumatic diseases ought to factor in the potential contributions of confounders such as medications, co-morbidities, smoking, and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of biomedical engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of biomedical engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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13
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Li D, Zhang K, Pan Z, Yu M, Lu Y, Wang G, Wu J, Zhang J, Zhang K, Du W. Antibiotics promote abdominal fat accumulation in broilers. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13326. [PMID: 32219924 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics stimulate the growth of animals but result in drug residues and bacterial resistance. In this study, the negative effect of antibiotics on abdominal fat deposition was evaluated in broilers. The results showed that adding both chlortetracycline (50 g/1,000 kg) and tylosin (50 g/1,000 kg) significantly increased abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat percentage (p < .05), and triglyceride and cholesterol levels (p < .05) in blood. Also, both products synchronously stimulated intestinal absorption and synthesis of liver fat. The expression levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), diacylgycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) genes in abdominal fat tissue significantly increased (p < .05 or 0.01) when antibiotics were added to the feed. However, no significant difference was found in expression of the fatty acid synthesis (FAS) or acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) genes. Further in vitro study results revealed that antibiotics had no effect on fat content or the related gene expression levels in preadipocytes. In summary, the antibiotics induced fat deposition in adipose tissues by activating extracellular absorption of fatty acids from intestinal absorption and synthesis of liver fat. However, it shows no direct regulation by adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaixu Pan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minli Yu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co, Ltd, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangning Zhang
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxing Du
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Pereira MJ, Thombare K, Sarsenbayeva A, Kamble PG, Almby K, Lundqvist M, Eriksson JW. Direct effects of glucagon on glucose uptake and lipolysis in human adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110696. [PMID: 31891768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aim to investigate the expression of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) in human adipose tissue, and the impact of glucagon in glucose uptake and lipolysis in human adipocytes. GCGR gene expression in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was demonstrated, albeit at low levels and with an inter-individual variation. Furthermore, GCGR expression was not significantly different between subjects with T2D and matched controls, and we found no significant association with BMI. Glucagon only at a supra-physiological concentration (10-100 nM) significantly increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by up to 1.5-fold. Also, glucagon (0.01 and 1 nM) dose-dependently increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis up to 3.7- and 1.7-fold, respectively, compared to control. In addition, glucagon did not change insulin sensitivity to stimulate glucose uptake or inhibit lipolysis. In conclusion, we show that the GCGR gene is expressed at low levels in human adipose tissue, and glucagon at high concentrations can increase both glucose uptake and lipolysis in human adipocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that glucagon at physiological levels has minor direct effects on the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, but does not antagonize the insulin effect to stimulate glucose uptake and inhibit lipolysis in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ketan Thombare
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Li L, Zhao H, Chen B, Fan Z, Li N, Yue J, Ye Q. FXR activation alleviates tacrolimus-induced post-transplant diabetes mellitus by regulating renal gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake. J Transl Med 2019; 17:418. [PMID: 31836014 PMCID: PMC6909577 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (FK506)-induced diabetes mellitus is one of the most important factors of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). However, the detailed mechanisms underlying PTDM are still unclear. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates glycolipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to explore whether FXR is involved in the development of tacrolimus-induced diabetes mellitus. METHODS After C57BL/6J mice were treated with tacrolimus (FK506) for 3 months, the fasting blood glucose levels, body weights, renal morphological alterations, and mRNA expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) among the control group, the FK506 group and the FK506 + GW4064 (a FXR agonist) group (n = 7) were measured. The intracellular location of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was detected by immunofluorescence. Human renal cortex proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) were treated with 15 μM FK506 or 4 μM FXR agonist (GW4064) for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the expression levels of FXR, gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake, representing the enzymes PEPCK and GLUT2, were detected with real-time PCR and western blot analyses. Finally, the mRNA levels of PEPCK and GLUT2 in HK-2 cells were measured after FXR was upregulated. RESULTS FK506 significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of FXR at 48 h and 72 h in HK-2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, FK506 promoted gluconeogenesis and inhibited glucose uptake in HK-2 cells (P < 0.05). However, overexpression of FXR in transfected HK-2 cell lines significantly inhibited gluconeogenesis and promoted glucose uptake (P < 0.05). The FXR agonist GW4064 significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose in mice challenged with FK506 for 3 months (P < 0.05), inhibited gluconeogenesis (P < 0.05) and significantly promoted glucose uptake (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analyses further revealed that FXR activation may affect the translocation of PGC1α and FOXO1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS FXR activation may mitigate tacrolimus-induced diabetes mellitus by regulating gluconeogenesis as well as glucose uptake of renal cortex proximal tubule epithelial cells in a PGC1α/FOXO1-dependent manner, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of PTDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijia Zhao
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Binyao Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Paolella LM, Mukherjee S, Tran CM, Bellaver B, Hugo M, Luongo TS, Shewale SV, Lu W, Chellappa K, Baur JA. mTORC1 restrains adipocyte lipolysis to prevent systemic hyperlipidemia. Mol Metab 2019; 32:136-147. [PMID: 32029223 PMCID: PMC6961719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pharmacological agents targeting the mTOR complexes are used clinically as immunosuppressants and anticancer agents and can extend the lifespan of model organisms. An undesirable side effect of these drugs is hyperlipidemia. Although multiple roles have been described for mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in lipid metabolism, the etiology of hyperlipidemia remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of adipocyte mTORC1 signaling in systemic lipid homeostasis in vivo. Methods We characterized systemic lipid metabolism in mice lacking the mTORC1 subunit Raptor (RaptoraKO), the key lipolytic enzyme ATGL (ATGLaKO), or both (ATGL-RaptoraKO) in their adipocytes. Results Mice lacking mTORC1 activity in their adipocytes failed to completely suppress lipolysis in the fed state and displayed prominent hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Blocking lipolysis in their adipose tissue restored normal levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the fed state as well as the ability to clear triglycerides in an oral fat tolerance test. Conclusions Unsuppressed adipose lipolysis in the fed state interferes with triglyceride clearance and contributes to hyperlipidemia. Adipose tissue mTORC1 activity is necessary for appropriate suppression of lipolysis and for the maintenance of systemic lipid homeostasis. Inhibition of adipose mTORC1 causes hypertriglyceridemia prior to lipodystrophy. Genetically inhibiting lipolysis reverses the increase in plasma TG. Acute pharmacological inhibition of lipolysis reverses the increase in plasma TG caused by rapamycin treatment. Unrestrained lipolysis impairs LPL activity and decreases TG clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Paolella
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cassie M Tran
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mindy Hugo
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Swapnil V Shewale
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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17
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Moon D, Kim J. Cyclosporin A aggravates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:312-323. [PMID: 31598361 PMCID: PMC6773893 DOI: 10.5115/acb.18.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) does not only exert a toxic effect on kidney parenchymal cells, but also protects them against necrotic cell death by inhibiting opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. However, whether CsA plays a role in hydrogen peroxide-induced kidney proximal tubular cell death is currently unclear. In the present study, treatment with CsA further increased apoptosis and necrosis in HK-2 human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells during exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, hydrogen peroxide-induced p53 activation and BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) expression were higher in CsA-treated cells than those in non-treated cells, whereas hydrogen peroxide-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and activation of protein kinase B were not significantly altered by treatment with CsA. In oxidant-antioxidant system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hydrogen peroxide was further enhanced by treatment with CsA. However, expression levels of antioxidant enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and catalase were not altered by treatment with hydrogen peroxide or CsA. Treatment with CsA further enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide, although it did not alter endoplasmic reticulum stress based on expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 and 94. Taken together, these data suggest that CsA can aggravate hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death through p53 activation, BID expression, and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Moon
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jinu Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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18
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Katsogiannos P, Kamble PG, Boersma GJ, Karlsson FA, Lundkvist P, Sundbom M, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Early Changes in Adipose Tissue Morphology, Gene Expression, and Metabolism After RYGB in Patients With Obesity and T2D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2601-2613. [PMID: 30689903 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery effectively prevents or treats type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adipose tissue (AT) mechanisms may be of importance. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between early changes in whole-body and AT metabolism in surgically treated patients with T2D. DESIGN AND SETTING A randomized single-center study. PATIENTS Nineteen patients with T2D with body mass index 30 to 45 kg/m2. INTERVENTIONS Thirteen patients were assessed at baseline and 4 and 24 weeks after RYGB (preceded by a 4-week low-calorie diet) and compared with 6 control patients continuing standard medical treatment: oral glucose tolerance test, subcutaneous AT biopsies for gene expression, adipocyte size, glucose uptake, lipolysis, and insulin action. RESULTS At 4 and 24 weeks post-RYGB, all patients but one had stopped diabetes medication. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin levels decreased and the Matsuda index increased compared with baseline (P < 0.01 for all), indicating improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. Mean adipocyte size significantly reduced, more at 4 than at 24 weeks; at 4 weeks, glucose uptake per adipocyte was lowered, and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis tended to increase, whereas the fold insulin effects on glucose uptake and lipolysis were unchanged. Expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, CPT1b and adiponectin, was increased at 4 weeks, whereas leptin and E2F1 (involved in cell proliferation) were reduced (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Glycemic control and in vivo insulin sensitivity improved 4 weeks after RYGB, but adipocyte insulin sensitivity did not change despite a marked reduction in adipocyte size. Thus, mechanisms for a rapid improvement of T2D after RYGB may occur mainly in other tissues than adipose.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adult
- Biopsy
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gastric Bypass
- Humans
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity, Morbid/blood
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/cytology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Per Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Therapeutic Use of mTOR Inhibitors in Renal Diseases: Advances, Drawbacks, and Challenges. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3693625. [PMID: 30510618 PMCID: PMC6231362 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3693625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has a key role in the regulation of a variety of biological processes pivotal for cellular life, aging, and death. Impaired activity of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/mTORC2), particularly mTORC1 overactivation, has been implicated in a plethora of age-related disorders, including human renal diseases. Since the discovery of rapamycin (or sirolimus), more than four decades ago, advances in our understanding of how mTOR participates in renal physiological and pathological mechanisms have grown exponentially, due to both preclinical studies in animal models with genetic modification of some mTOR components as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical experience. The main clinical indication of rapamycin is as immunosuppressive therapy for the prevention of allograft rejection, namely, in renal transplantation. However, considering the central participation of mTOR in the pathogenesis of other renal disorders, the use of rapamycin and its analogs meanwhile developed (rapalogues) everolimus and temsirolimus has been viewed as a promising pharmacological strategy. This article critically reviews the use of mTOR inhibitors in renal diseases. Firstly, we briefly overview the mTOR components and signaling as well as the pharmacological armamentarium targeting the mTOR pathway currently available or in the research and development stages. Thereafter, we revisit the mTOR pathway in renal physiology to conclude with the advances, drawbacks, and challenges regarding the use of mTOR inhibitors, in a translational perspective, in four classes of renal diseases: kidney transplantation, polycystic kidney diseases, renal carcinomas, and diabetic nephropathy.
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Kamble PG, Pereira MJ, Gustafsson S, Lundkvist P, Castillejo-López C, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Eriksson JW. Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism in human adipose tissue: assessment of adipogenesis and adipocyte glucose and lipid turnover. Adipocyte 2018; 7:285-296. [PMID: 30064293 PMCID: PMC6768277 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1503030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unclear. We obtained subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) before and 3 h after oral glucose (OGTT) in carriers and non-carriers of the Ala allele (12 Pro/Pro, 15 Pro/Ala, and 13 Ala/Ala). Adipogenesis, adipocyte glucose uptake and lipolysis as well as PPARγ target gene expression were investigated and compared between the genotype groups. During fasting and post-OGTT, neither basal nor insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake differed between genotypes. Compared to fasting, a decreased hormone-sensitive lipase gene expression in Pro/Pro (p < 0.05) was accompanied with a higher antilipolytic effect of insulin post-OGTT (p < 0.01). The adipocyte size was similar across groups. Preadipocyte differentiation rates between Pro/Pro and Ala/Ala were unchanged. In conclusion, no major differences in AT differentiation, glucose uptake, lipolysis or expression of PPARγ target genes were observed between different PPARγ Pro12Ala genotypes. Albeit small, our study may suggest that other pathways in AT or effects exerted in other tissues might contribute to the Pro12Ala-mediated protection against T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad G. Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Casimiro Castillejo-López
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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mTOR and Tumor Cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082225. [PMID: 30061533 PMCID: PMC6121479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia affects most patients with advanced forms of cancers. It is mainly characterized by weight loss, due to muscle and adipose mass depletion. As cachexia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cancer patients, identifying the underlying mechanisms leading to cachexia is essential in order to design novel therapeutic strategies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major intracellular signalling intermediary that participates in cell growth by upregulating anabolic processes such as protein and lipid synthesis. Accordingly, emerging evidence suggests that mTOR and mTOR inhibitors influence cancer cachexia. Here, we review the role of mTOR in cellular processes involved in cancer cachexia and highlight the studies supporting the contribution of mTOR in cancer cachexia.
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Burgeiro A, Fonseca A, Espinoza D, Carvalho L, Lourenço N, Antunes M, Carvalho E. Proteostasis in epicardial versus subcutaneous adipose tissue in heart failure subjects with and without diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2183-2198. [PMID: 29625179 PMCID: PMC6375688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading cause of death and primary cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic population. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) covers the heart's surface and is a source of biomolecules regulating heart and blood vessel physiology. The protective activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy allows the cardiomyocyte reticular network to restore energy and/or nutrient homeostasis and to avoid cell death. However, an excessive or prolonged UPR activation can trigger cell death. UPR activation is an early event of diabetic cardiomyopathies and deregulated autophagy is associated with CVDs. RESULTS An upregulation of UPR markers (glucose-regulated protein 78 KDa, glucose-regulated protein 94 KDa, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase and CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) gene) in EAT compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), was observed as well as the UPR-related apoptosis marker caspase-4/procaspase-4 ratio but not in CHOP protein levels. Additionally, levels of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins were decreased in EAT. Moreover, upregulation of autophagy markers (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) was observed, as well as an increase in the apoptotic Bim but not the ratio between Bim and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in EAT. Diabetic patients show alterations in UPR activation markers but not in autophagy or apoptosis markers. CONCLUSION UPR and autophagy are increased in EAT compared to SAT, opening doors to the identification of early biomarkers for cardiomyopathies and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Burgeiro
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A.C. Fonseca
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. Espinoza
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Carvalho
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N. Lourenço
- Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Antunes
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit at the Coimbra University Hospital Centre, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E. Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States,Corresponding author: Eugénia Carvalho, , Address for correspondence: Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar,3004-504 Coimbra, Phone number: 00351 239820190, Fax number: 00351 239822776
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23
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Fonseca ACRG, Carvalho E, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Calcineurin is an important factor involved in glucose uptake in human adipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 445:157-168. [PMID: 29380240 PMCID: PMC6060758 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors are used in immunosuppressive therapy applied after transplantation, but they are associated with major metabolic side effects including the development of new onset diabetes. Previously, we have shown that the calcineurin inhibiting drugs tacrolimus and cyclosporin A reduce adipocyte and myocyte glucose uptakes by reducing the amount of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) at the cell surface, due to an increased internalization rate. However, this happens without alteration in total protein and phosphorylation levels of key proteins involved in insulin signalling or in the total amount of GLUT4. The present study evaluates possible pathways involved in the altered internalization of GLUT4 and consequent reduction of glucose uptake provoked by calcineurin inhibitors in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Short- and long-term treatments with tacrolimus, cyclosporin A or another CNI deltamethrin (herbicide) decreased basal and insulin-dependent glucose uptake in adipocytes, without any additive effects observed when added together. However, no tacrolimus effects were observed on glucose uptake when gene transcription and protein translation were inhibited. Investigation of genes potentially involved in GLUT4 trafficking showed only a small effect on ARHGEF11 gene expression (p < 0.05). In conlusion, the specific inhibition of calcineurin, but not that of protein phosphatases, decreases glucose uptake in human subcutaneous adipocytes, suggesting that calcineurin is an important regulator of glucose transport. This inhibitory effect is mediated via gene transcription or protein translation; however, expression of genes potentially involved in GLUT4 trafficking and endocytosis appears not to be involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina R G Fonseca
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), 1250-203, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Impaired mitochondrial calcium uptake caused by tacrolimus underlies beta-cell failure. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:47. [PMID: 29132395 PMCID: PMC5684747 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common side effects of the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (FK506) is the increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully clarified. METHODS We studied the effects of the therapeutic dose of tacrolimus on mitochondrial fitness in beta-cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that tacrolimus impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in beta-cells through a previously unidentified mechanism. Indeed, tacrolimus causes a decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, accompanied by altered mitochondrial respiration and reduced ATP production, eventually leading to impaired GSIS. CONCLUSION Our observations individuate a new fundamental mechanism responsible for the augmented incidence of diabetes following tacrolimus treatment. Indeed, this drug alters Ca2+ fluxes in mitochondria, thereby compromising metabolism-secretion coupling in beta-cells.
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25
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Wang Y, Xie C, Diao Z, Liang B. Calcineurin Antagonizes AMPK to Regulate Lipolysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2017; 22:E1062. [PMID: 28672869 PMCID: PMC6152104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase, and the target of immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus (TAC). The dysfunction of calcineurin, or clinical applications of tacrolimus, have been reported to be associated with dyslipidemia. The underlying mechanisms of calcineurin and tacrolimus in lipid metabolism are largely unknown. Here, we showed that mutations of tax-6 and cnb-1, which respectively encode the catalytic subunit and the regulatory subunit of calcineurin, together with tacrolimus treatment, consistently led to decreased fat accumulation and delayed growth in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In contrast, disruption of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) encoded by aak-1 and aak-2 reversed the above effects in worms. Moreover, calcineurin deficiency and tacrolimus treatment consistently activated the transcriptional expression of the lipolytic gene atgl-1, encoding triglyceride lipase. Furthermore, RNAi knockdown of atgl-1 recovered the decreased fat accumulation in both calcineurin deficient and tacrolimus treated worms. Collectively, our results reveal that immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus and their target calcineurin may antagonize AMPK to regulate ATGL and lipolysis, thereby providing potential therapy for the application of immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Cangsang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Zhiqing Diao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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26
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Burgeiro A, Cerqueira MG, Varela-Rodríguez BM, Nunes S, Neto P, Pereira FC, Reis F, Carvalho E. Glucose and Lipid Dysmetabolism in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by a High-Sucrose Diet. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28635632 PMCID: PMC5490617 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity are key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their molecular nature during the early stages of the disease remains to be elucidated. We aimed to characterize glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-target organs (liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue) in a rat model treated with a high-sucrose (HSu) diet. Two groups of 16-week-old male Wistar rats underwent a 9-week protocol: HSu diet (n = 10)-received 35% of sucrose in drinking water; Control (n = 12)-received vehicle (water). Body weight, food, and beverage consumption were monitored and glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured. Serum and liver triglyceride concentrations, as well as the expression of genes and proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis were assessed. The insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were also measured in freshly isolated adipocytes. Even in the absence of obesity, this rat model already presented the main features of prediabetes, with fasting normoglycemia but reduced glucose tolerance, postprandial hyperglycemia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, as well as decreased insulin sensitivity (resistance) and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, impaired hepatic function, including altered gluconeogenic and lipogenic pathways, as well as increased expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthase in the liver, were observed, suggesting that liver glucose and lipid dysmetabolism may play a major role at this stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Burgeiro
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Manuela G Cerqueira
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara M Varela-Rodríguez
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara Nunes
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula Neto
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Flávio Reis
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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27
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Trikkalinou A, Papazafiropoulou AK, Melidonis A. Type 2 diabetes and quality of life. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:120-129. [PMID: 28465788 PMCID: PMC5394731 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i4.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is true that a primary goal of diabetes early diagnosis and treatment is quality of life (QoL). The term QoL is still confusing but it is agreed that it composes of four components: The physical component, mental, cogitative component, psychological and social component. Many articles have been written addressing those four components. During the last five years 15500 articles and reviews have been written addressing diabetes and coronary arterial disease, 16100 addressing diabetes and renal function, 28900 addressing diabetes and retinopathy, 16800 addressing diabetic foot ulcers and other 26300 addressing diabetic neuropathy. Moreover 17200 articles are dealing with diabetic sexual dysfunction, 24500 with the correlation of diabetes and depression 17500 about diabetes and dementia, only 1 about diabetes and family functioning and 1950000 about diabetes and QoL, indicating the worldwide interest. In order to confront this metabolic anomaly and its consequences, researchers developed numerous generic and disease specific psychometric tools. With the aid of those psychometric tools the scientific community has started to realize the gruesome effect of diabetes on patients’ lives. Diabetic’s QoL becomes worse when complications start to develop or comorbidities coexist. Dominant amongst complications, in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) lowering, but not related to risk factors (genetic, the weight of birth, or others) is coronary arterial disease followed by renal failure, blindness, and the combination of micro- and macro-vascular complications and in some studies by sexual dysfunction. Moreover many are the comorbidities which deteriorate further the effect of diabetes in a patient life. Among them obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, depression, arthritis are the most common. Most intriguing field for research is the interaction of diabetes and depression and in some cases the progression to dementia. Many aspects and combinations of actions are under researchers’ microscope regarding the improvement of HRQoL scores. Until now, the studies performed, have demonstrated little to moderate benefit. More of them are needed to draw safe conclusions on the topic of the best combination of actions to optimize the HRQoL scores.
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28
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Sidibeh CO, Pereira MJ, Lau Börjesson J, Kamble PG, Skrtic S, Katsogiannos P, Sundbom M, Svensson MK, Eriksson JW. Role of cannabinoid receptor 1 in human adipose tissue for lipolysis regulation and insulin resistance. Endocrine 2017; 55:839-852. [PMID: 27858284 PMCID: PMC5316391 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that the peripheral cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1) gene is upregulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. CNR1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system and has been a drug target for the treatment of obesity. Here we explore the role of peripheral CNR1 in states of insulin resistance in human adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from well-controlled type 2 diabetes subjects and controls. Subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression levels of CNR1 and endocannabinoid synthesizing and degrading enzymes were assessed. Furthermore, paired human subcutaneous adipose tissue and omental adipose tissue from non-diabetic volunteers undergoing kidney donation or bariatric surgery, was incubated with or without dexamethasone. Subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from volunteers through needle biopsy was incubated with or without dexamethasone and in the presence or absence of the CNR1-specific antagonist AM281. CNR1 gene and protein expression, lipolysis and glucose uptake were evaluated. Subcutaneous adipose tissue CNR1 gene expression levels were 2-fold elevated in type 2 diabetes subjects compared with control subjects. Additionally, gene expression levels of CNR1 and endocannabinoid-regulating enzymes from both groups correlated with markers of insulin resistance. Dexamethasone increased CNR1 expression dose-dependently in subcutaneous adipose tissue and omental adipose tissue by up to 25-fold. Dexamethasone pre-treatment of subcutaneous adipose tissue increased lipolysis rate and reduced glucose uptake. Co-incubation with the CNR1 antagonist AM281 prevented the stimulatory effect on lipolysis, but had no effect on glucose uptake. CNR1 is upregulated in states of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Furthermore, CNR1 is involved in glucocorticoid-regulated lipolysis. Peripheral CNR1 could be an interesting drug target in type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherno O Sidibeh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Jørgensen MB, Hornum M, van Hall G, Bistrup C, Hansen JM, Mathiesen ER, Feldt-Rasmussen B. The impact of kidney transplantation on insulin sensitivity. Transpl Int 2017; 30:295-304. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten B. Jørgensen
- Department of Nephrology; Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology; Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility; Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Claus Bistrup
- Department of Nephrology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Jesper M. Hansen
- Department of Nephrology; Herlev Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Elisabeth R. Mathiesen
- Department of Endocrinology; Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bo Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Nephrology; Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Chronic innate immune activation of TBK1 suppresses mTORC1 activity and dysregulates cellular metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:746-751. [PMID: 28069950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 knockout (Trex1-/-) mice suffer from systemic inflammation caused largely by chronic activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase-interferon regulatory factor 3 (cGAS-STING-TBK1-IRF3) signaling pathway. We showed previously that Trex1-deficient cells have reduced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we performed detailed metabolic analysis in Trex1-/- mice and cells that revealed both cellular and systemic metabolic defects, including reduced mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolysis, energy expenditure, and fat metabolism. We also genetically separated the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes by showing that Sting deficiency rescued both inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes, whereas Irf3 deficiency only rescued inflammation on the Trex1-/- background, and many metabolic defects persist in Trex1-/-Irf3-/- cells and mice. We also showed that Leptin deficiency (ob/ob) increased lipogenesis and prolonged survival of Trex1-/- mice without dampening inflammation. Mechanistically, we identified TBK1 as a key regulator of mTORC1 activity in Trex1-/- cells. Together, our data demonstrate that chronic innate immune activation of TBK1 suppresses mTORC1 activity, leading to dysregulated cellular metabolism.
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Pereira MJ, Skrtic S, Katsogiannos P, Abrahamsson N, Sidibeh CO, Dahgam S, Månsson M, Risérus U, Kullberg J, Eriksson JW. Impaired adipose tissue lipid storage, but not altered lipolysis, contributes to elevated levels of NEFA in type 2 diabetes. Degree of hyperglycemia and adiposity are important factors. Metabolism 2016; 65:1768-1780. [PMID: 27832864 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) mediate many adverse metabolic effects. In this work we aim to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D), glycemic control and obesity on lipolysis regulation. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS 20 control and 20 metformin-treated T2D subjects were matched for sex (10M/10 F), age (58±11 vs 58±9 y) and BMI (30.8±4.6 vs 30.7±4.9kg/m2). In vivo lipolysis was assessed during a 3h-OGTT with plasma glycerol and NEFA levels. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were obtained to measure mRNA and metabolite levels of factors related to lipolysis and lipid storage and to assess in vitro lipolysis in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes. RESULTS Plasma NEFA AUC during the OGTT where higher 30% (P=0.005) in T2D than in control subjects, but plasma glycerol AUC and subcutaneous adipocyte lipolysis in vitro were similar, suggesting that adipose tissue lipolysis is not altered. Expression in SAT of genes involved in lipid storage (FABP4, DGAT1, FASN) were reduced in T2D subjects compared with controls, but no differences were seen for genes involved in lipolysis. T2D subjects had elevated markers of beta-oxidation, α-hydroxybutyrate (1.4-fold, P<0.01) and β-hydroxybutyrate (1.7-fold, P<0.05) in plasma. In multivariate analysis, HbA1c, visceral adipose tissue volume and sex (male) were significantly associated with NEFA AUC in T2D subjects. CONCLUSIONS In T2D subjects, NEFA turnover is impaired, but not due to defects in lipolysis or lipid beta-oxidation. Impaired adipose NEFA re-esterification or de novo lipogenesis is likely to contribute to higher NEFA plasma levels in T2D. The data suggest that hyperglycemia and adiposity are important contributing factors for the regulation of plasma NEFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Cherno O Sidibeh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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32
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Fu Y, Zheng X, Jia X, Binderiya U, Wang Y, Bao W, Bao L, Zhao K, Fu Y, Hao H, Wang Z. A quantitative transcriptomic analysis of the physiological significance of mTOR signaling in goat fetal fibroblasts. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:879. [PMID: 27821074 PMCID: PMC5098276 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. CCI-779 is a specific inhibitor of the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Results We performed comparative transcriptome profiling on Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts (GFbs) that were treated with CCI-779 and untreated cells. A total of 365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared between untreated and CCI-779-treated GFbs, with an FDR ≤0.001 and fold-change ≥2. These 365 DEGs were associated with mTOR signaling; 144 were upregulated in CCI-779-treated cells, and 221 were downregulated. Additionally, 300 genes were annotated with 43 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and 293 genes were annotated with 194 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three RNA polymerase II and polymerase III subunits, 3 transcription factors, and 5 kinases in mTOR signaling were differentially expressed in CCI-779-treated GFbs. Further 6 DEGs were related to amino acid metabolism, 11 mediated lipid metabolism, 11 participated in carbohydrate metabolism, and 5 were involved in single-nucleotide metabolism. Based on our quantitative transcriptomic analysis, 40 significant DEGs with important function related to metabolism, RNA polymerase, transcription factors and mTOR signaling were selected for qPCR analysis, and the quantitative results between the two analysis methods were concordant. The qPCR data confirmed the differential expression in the RNA-Seq experiments. To validate the translational significance of the findings in certain differentially expressed genes, S6K1 and VEGF were detected by western blot, and these two proteins showed a differential expression between non-treated and treated with CCI-779 groups, which were consistent with mRNA abundance. The data showed a preliminary significance of the findings in the protein levels. Conclusions CCI-779 induces transcriptomic changes, and mTOR signaling might have significant function in the activation of RNA polymerase and certain transcription factors and in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and single nucleotides in GFbs. These data filled the vacancy in the systematical profiling of mTOR signaling on Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3151-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.,Clinical Laboratory, The Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hailaer, 021008, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Uyanga Binderiya
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Wenlei Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Lili Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.,College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Keyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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Snijders AM, Liu Y, Su L, Huang Y, Mao JH. Expression profiling reveals transcriptional regulation by Fbxw7/mTOR pathway in radiation-induced mouse thymic lymphomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44794-805. [PMID: 26575021 PMCID: PMC4792592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene FBXW7 is deleted and mutated in many different types of human cancers. FBXW7 primarily exerts its tumor suppressor activity by ubiquitinating different oncoproteins including mTOR. Here we used gene transcript profiling to gain a deeper understanding of the role of FBXW7 in tumor development and to determine the influence of mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on tumor transcriptome and biological functions. In comparison to tumors from p53 single heterozygous (p53+/−) mice, we find that radiation-induced thymic lymphomas from Fbxw7/p53 double heterozygous (Fbxw7+/−p53+/−) mice show significant deregulation of cholesterol metabolic processes independent of rapamycin treatment, while cell cycle related genes were upregulated in tumors from placebo treated Fbxw7+/−p53+/− mice, but not in tumors from rapamycin treated Fbxw7+/−p53+/− mice. On the other hand, tumors from rapamycin treated Fbxw7+/−p53+/− mice were enriched for genes involved in the integrated stress response, an adaptive mechanism to survive in stressful environments. Finally, we demonstrated that the Fbxw7 gene signatures identified in mouse tumors significantly overlap with FBXW7 co-expressed genes in human cancers. Importantly these common FBXW7 gene signatures between mouse and human are predictive for disease-free survival in human colon, breast and lung adenocarcinoma cancer patients. These results provide novel insights into the role of FBXW7 in tumor development and have identified a number of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M Snijders
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yueyong Liu
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Su
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yurong Huang
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Han E, Kim MS, Kim YS, Kang ES. Risk assessment and management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2016; 65:1559-69. [PMID: 27621191 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The success rate of organ transplantation has been increasing with advances in surgical and pharmacological techniques. However, the number of solid organ transplant recipients who require metabolic disease management is also growing. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication after solid organ transplantation and is associated with risks of graft loss, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality. Other risk factors for PTDM include older age, genetic background, obesity, hepatitis C virus infection, hypomagnesemia, and use of immunosuppressant agents (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor). Management of PTDM should be started before the transplantation plan to properly screen high-risk patients. Even though PTDM management is similar to that of general type 2 diabetes, therapeutic approaches must be made with consideration of drug interactions between immunosuppressive agents, glucose-lowering medications, and graft rejection and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Hospital Diabetes Center
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seun Kim
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Hospital Diabetes Center; Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Abstract
The synthesis of lipids in response to food intake represents a key advantage that allows organisms to survive when energy availability is limited. In mammals, circulating levels of insulin and nutrients, which fluctuate between fasting and feeding, dictate whether lipids are synthesized or catabolized by tissues. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that is activated by anabolic signals, plays fundamental roles in regulating lipid biosynthesis and metabolism in response to nutrition. The mTOR kinase nucleates two large protein complexes named mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Following their activation, these complexes facilitate the accumulation of triglycerides by promoting adipogenesis and lipogenesis and by shutting down catabolic processes such as lipolysis and β-oxidation. Here, we review and discuss the roles of mTOR complexes in various aspects of lipid metabolism in mammals. We also use this opportunity to discuss the implication of these relations to the maintenance of systemic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1V 4G5;
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36
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Burgeiro A, Fuhrmann A, Cherian S, Espinoza D, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, Loureiro M, Patrício M, Antunes M, Carvalho E. Glucose uptake and lipid metabolism are impaired in epicardial adipose tissue from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E550-64. [PMID: 26814014 PMCID: PMC4824138 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disease is a leading complication of diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue surrounding the heart displays biochemical, thermogenic, and cardioprotective properties. However, the metabolic cross-talk between epicardial fat and the myocardium is largely unknown. This study sought to understand epicardial adipose tissue metabolism from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. We aimed to unravel possible differences in glucose and lipid metabolism between human epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms involved in heart failure. Insulin-stimulated [(14)C]glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were measured in isolated epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes. The expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in adipocytes. In addition, epicardial and subcutaneous fatty acid composition was analyzed by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The difference between basal and insulin conditions in glucose uptake was significantly decreased (P= 0.006) in epicardial compared with subcutaneous adipocytes. Moreover, a significant (P< 0.001) decrease in the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was also observed when the two fat depots were compared, and it was strongly correlated with lipolysis, lipid storage, and inflammation-related gene expression. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of these tissues was significantly altered by diabetes. These results emphasize potential metabolic differences between both fat depots in the presence of heart failure and highlight epicardial fat as a possible therapeutic target in situ in the cardiac microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Burgeiro
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amelia Fuhrmann
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sam Cherian
- Faculty of Integrative Sciences and Technology, Quest International University Perak, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Espinoza
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Marisa Loureiro
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Patrício
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Antunes
- Cardiothroracic Surgery Unit at the University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
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37
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Zimmermann A, Zobeley C, Weber MM, Lang H, Galle PR, Zimmermann T. Changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism under mTOR- and calcineurin-based immunosuppressive regimen in adult patients after liver transplantation. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 29:104-9. [PMID: 26775180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of long-term mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Life long immunosuppression harbors the risk of metabolic alterations. We aimed to analyze the impact of calcineurin (CNI)-only containing regimen (group A) compared to mTOR-containing regimen (group B) on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. PATIENTS/METHODS 92 adult patients after LT, University of Mainz (group A-78 patients, group B-14 patients; 65 M/27 F; mean age 59+/-10.2years; mean time from LT 5.8+/-5years). Clinical data, comorbidities, and medication were assessed. Fasting lipid profile including small dense LDLs (sdLDL) and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. RESULTS Group B had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and sdLDL, with persistence of higher TC, TG, sdLDLs (mg/dl) after exclusion of patients under lipid lowering medication. Concentrations above the upper limits of normal were found: for LDL-C in 9% of group A/35.7% of group B (p=0.016); for TG: in 32.1% of group A/92.9% in group B (p=0.0001). A positive correlation between time since LT (years) and sdLDL (mg/dl) was found in group B (p=0.018). In patients without previously known diabetes, NODAT and impaired glucose tolerance developed in 27.9% of group A/44.4% of group B (n.s.). CONCLUSION Patients under mTOR-containing regimen are at higher risk to develop dyslipidemia with increased atherogenic sdLDLs compared to patients under CNI-only-containing regimen and display more frequently a dysglycemic status, with uncertain relevance for long-term cardiovascular risk. A careful monitoring after LT is needed to identify early metabolic risk and manage this appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Zimmermann
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christina Zobeley
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Transplant Hepatology, 1st Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - M M Weber
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Lang
- Dept. for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Transplant Hepatology, 1st Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tim Zimmermann
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Transplant Hepatology, 1st Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Penrose H, Heller S, Cable C, Makboul R, Chadalawada G, Chen Y, Crawford SE, Savkovic SD. Epidermal growth factor receptor mediated proliferation depends on increased lipid droplet density regulated via a negative regulatory loop with FOXO3/Sirtuin6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:370-6. [PMID: 26657850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of colon cancer cells is mediated in part by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and requires sustained levels of cellular energy to meet its high metabolic needs. Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are a source of energy used for various cellular functions and they are elevated in density in human cancer, yet their regulation and function are not well understood. Here, in human colon cancer cells, EGF stimulates increases in LD density, which depends on EGFR expression and activation as well as the individual cellular capacity for lipid synthesis. Increases in LDs are blockaded by inhibition of PI3K/mTOR and PGE2 synthesis, supporting their dependency on select upstream pathways. In colon cancer cells, silencing of the FOXO3 transcription factor leads to down regulation of SIRT6, a negative regulator of lipid synthesis, and consequent increases in the LD coat protein PLIN2, revealing that increases in LDs depend on loss of FOXO3/SIRT6. Moreover, EGF stimulates loss of FOXO3/SIRT6, which is blockaded by the inhibition of upstream pathways as well as lipid synthesis, revealing existence of a negative regulatory loop between LDs and FOXO3/SIRT6. Elevated LDs are utilized by EGF treatment and their depletion through the inhibition of lipid synthesis or silencing of PLIN2 significantly attenuates proliferation. This novel mechanism of proliferative EGFR signaling leading to elevated LD density in colon cancer cells could potentially be therapeutically targeted for the treatment of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Penrose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chloe Cable
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rania Makboul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Pathology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gita Chadalawada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Suzana D Savkovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Abstract
The compact nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans and its genetic tractability are features that make this organism highly suitable for investigating energy balance in an animal system. Here, we focus on molecular components and organizational principles emerging from the investigation of pathways that largely originate in the nervous system and regulate feeding behavior but also peripheral fat regulation through neuroendocrine signaling. We provide an overview of studies aimed at understanding how C. elegans integrate internal and external cues in feeding behavior. We highlight some of the similarities and differences in energy balance between C. elegans and mammals. We also provide our perspective on unresolved issues, both conceptual and technical, that we believe have hampered critical evaluation of findings relevant to fat regulation in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Lemieux
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158;
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158;
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40
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Liu Y, Diaz V, Fernandez E, Strong R, Ye L, Baur JA, Lamming DW, Richardson A, Salmon AB. Rapamycin-induced metabolic defects are reversible in both lean and obese mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:742-54. [PMID: 25324470 PMCID: PMC4221917 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) by the macrolide rapamycin has many beneficial effects in mice, including extension of lifespan and reduction or prevention of several age-related diseases. At the same time, chronic rapamycin treatment causes impairments in glucose metabolism including hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. It is unknown whether these metabolic effects of rapamycin are permanent or whether they can be alleviated. Here, we confirmed that rapamycin causes glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in both inbred and genetically heterogeneous mice fed either low fat or high fat diets, suggesting that these effects of rapamycin are independent of genetic background. Importantly, we also found that these effects were almost completely lost within a few weeks of cessation of treatment, showing that chronic rapamycin treatment does not induce permanent impairment of glucose metabolism. Somewhat surprisingly, chronic rapamycin also promoted increased accumulation of adipose tissue in high fat fed mice. However, this effect too was lost when rapamycin treatment was ended suggesting that this effect of rapamycin is also not permanent. The reversible nature of rapamycin's alterations of metabolic function suggests that these potentially detrimental side-effects might be managed through alternative dosing strategies or concurrent treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA
| | - Vivian Diaz
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA. The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Departments of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA. The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Departments of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA
| | - Lan Ye
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI 53726, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma OK 73104, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA. The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Departments of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78245, USA
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Mosca S, Gargiulo P, Balato N, Di Costanzo L, Parente A, Paolillo S, Ayala F, Trimarco B, Crea F, Perrone-Filardi P. Ischemic cardiovascular involvement in psoriasis: a systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2014; 178:191-9. [PMID: 25464252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that psoriasis is associated with shorter life expectancy, most frequently attributable to cardiovascular (CV) events. Although increased prevalence and incidence of CV risk factors for atherosclerosis have been reported in psoriatic patients, psoriasis likely plays an independent role in the increased cardiovascular risk, presumably linked to the chronic systemic inflammatory state. Consistently, preliminary investigations suggest that anti-inflammatory therapies may improve early subclinical vascular alterations and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review will focus on ischemic CV involvement in psoriatic patients, summarizing the prevalence and incidence of CV risk factors and CV events, as well as evidence on mechanisms of premature atherosclerosis and on effects of systemic anti-inflammatory therapies on CV risk profile. We performed a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and evaluated the quality of studies comparing drug treatments using Detsky score. Our review documented that psoriatic patients are at increased CV risk, related to raised prevalence and incidence of CV risk factor and to inflammatory status. However, available literature lacks of studies that establish appropriate targets for CV risk factors and assess the clinical value of screening for subclinical organ damage and the impact of disease-modifying therapies on CV risk profile in psoriatic patients. Awareness of raised CV risk in psoriatic patients should foster further research aimed at elucidating these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Mosca
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Gargiulo
- SDN Foundation, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Balato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Costanzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Parente
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Ayala
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Policlinico A. Gemelli, "Catholic University of the Sacred Heart", Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
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42
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Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW, Svensson MK. A case report of improved metabolic control after conversion from everolimus to cyclosporin A: role of adipose tissue mechanisms? Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2377-80. [PMID: 25242791 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset diabetes after transplantation is associated with an increase in risk of graft failure, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Therefore, it compromises the overall beneficial outcome of organ transplantation. CASE REPORT A patient with new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation showed glucose and lipid metabolism improvements after switching immunosuppressant from everolimus to cyclosporin A. A subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy displayed changes in gene and protein expression that could contribute to the clinical improvement of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M K Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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43
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Placental, Lipid, and Glucidic Effects of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors: Impact on Fetal Growth and Metabolic Disorders During Pregnancy After Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2254-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Holdaas H, Potena L, Saliba F. mTOR inhibitors and dyslipidemia in transplant recipients: a cause for concern? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 29:93-102. [PMID: 25227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplant dyslipidemia is exacerbated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Early clinical trials of mTOR inhibitors used fixed dosing with no concomitant reduction in calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) exposure, leading to concerns when consistent and marked dyslipidemia was observed. With use of modern concentration-controlled mTOR inhibitor regimens within CNI-free or reduced-exposure CNI regimens, however, the dyslipidemic effect persists but is less pronounced. Typically, total cholesterol levels are at the upper end of normal, or indicate borderline risk, in kidney and liver transplant recipients, and are lower in heart transplant patients under near-universal statin therapy. Of note, it is possible that mTOR inhibitors may offer a cardioprotective effect. Experimental evidence for delayed progression of atherosclerosis is consistent with evidence from heart transplantation that coronary artery intimal thickening and the incidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy are reduced with everolimus versus cyclosporine therapy. Preliminary data also indicate that mTOR inhibitors may improve arterial stiffness, a predictor of cardiovascular events, and may reduce ventricular remodeling and decrease left ventricular mass through an anti-fibrotic effect. Post-transplant dyslipidemia under mTOR inhibitor therapy should be monitored and managed closely, but unless unresponsive to therapy should not be regarded as a barrier to its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallvard Holdaas
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Luciano Potena
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Academic Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Alma-Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Faouzi Saliba
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
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45
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Wu X, Romero D, Swiatek WI, Dorweiler I, Kikani CK, Sabic H, Zweifel BS, McKearn J, Blitzer JT, Nickols GA, Rutter J. PAS kinase drives lipogenesis through SREBP-1 maturation. Cell Rep 2014; 8:242-55. [PMID: 25001282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated hepatic synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides, driven by hyperactivation of the SREBP-1c transcription factor, has been implicated as a causal feature of metabolic syndrome. SREBP-1c activation requires the proteolytic maturation of the endoplasmic-reticulum-bound precursor to the active, nuclear transcription factor, which is stimulated by feeding and insulin signaling. Here, we show that feeding and insulin stimulate the hepatic expression of PASK. We also demonstrate, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, that PASK is required for the proteolytic maturation of SREBP-1c in cultured cells and in the mouse and rat liver. Inhibition of PASK improves lipid and glucose metabolism in dietary animal models of obesity and dyslipidemia. Administration of a PASK inhibitor decreases hepatic expression of lipogenic SREBP-1c target genes, decreases serum triglycerides, and partially reverses insulin resistance. While the signaling network that controls SREBP-1c activation is complex, we propose that PASK is an important component with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Donna Romero
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wojciech I Swiatek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Irene Dorweiler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Chintan K Kikani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Hana Sabic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Ben S Zweifel
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John McKearn
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeremy T Blitzer
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - G Allen Nickols
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA.
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Zhang MZ, Ye QZ. Significance of adiponectin and its receptors in pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1907-1910. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i13.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the significance of adiponectin (APN) and its receptors in in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the relevant factors involved.
METHODS: Fifty pregnant women with GDM treated between June 2011 and June 2013 at our hospital and 50 normal pregnant women were included into an observation group and a control group, respectively. Fasting blood glucose, insulin and other laboratory indicators were retrospectively analyzed, and their relationship with serum APN was explored.
RESULTS: In the observation group, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), fasting insulin (FINS), homestasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HONA-IR) and APN were 24.97 kg/m2 ± 4.32 kg/m2, 7.02 mmol/L ± 0.63 mmol/L, 5.39 mmol/L ± 1.29 mmol/L, 2.27 mmol/L ± 1.18 mmol/L, 19.37 mU/L ± 6.37 mU/L, 9.27 mmol/L ± 1.56 mmol/L, 2.17 mg/L ± 0.69 mg/L and 1.31 mg/L ± 0.22 mg/L, respectively; the corresponding values in the control group were 23.77 kg/m2 ± 2.39 kg/m2, 3.91 mmol/L ± 0.59 mmol/L, 4.21 mmol/L ± 0.68 mmol/L, 1.12 mmol/L ± 0.28 mmol/L, 13.24 mU/L ± 5.61 mU/L, 3.26 mmol/L ± 0.51 mmol/L, 3.62 mg/L ± 1.02 mg/L and 0.11 mg/L ± 0.03 mg/L. The above indexes differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05 for all). Serum APN levels showed a negative correlation with pre-pregnancy BMI, TG, HOMA-IR and FINS (r = -0.371, -0.459, -0.281, -0.321, P < 0.01 for all).
CONCLUSION: In GDM patients, APN and its receptors are closely related to insulin resistance, and clinical determination of APN may be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of GDM.
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Lopes PC, Fuhrmann A, Sereno J, Espinoza DO, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW, Reis F, Carvalho E. Short and long term in vivo effects of Cyclosporine A and Sirolimus on genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Metabolism 2014; 63:702-15. [PMID: 24656168 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclosporine A (CsA) and sirolimus (SRL) are immunosuppressive agents (IA) associated with new onset diabetes after transplantation and dyslipidemia. We aim to evaluate the molecular effects of CsA (5mg/kg/day) and SRL (1mg/kg/day) treatment for 3 and 9weeks on lipid metabolism, in Wistar rats. MATERIALS/METHODS Lipolysis was evaluated in isolated adipocytes, while triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured in serum. Gene and protein expression involved in lipid metabolism was assessed in adipose tissue and liver. RESULTS CsA and SRL treatments of rats for 3 and 9weeks increased isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis by 5-9 fold and 4-6 fold in isolated adipocytes, respectively. While CsA increased adipocyte weight and diameter, as well as NEFA and TG levels in circulation after 9weeks, SRL treatment caused ectopic deposition of TG in the liver after 3weeks. Moreover, ACC1 and FAS protein expression was increased after 3weeks (>100%, p<0.01), while HSL was increased after 9weeks of CsA treatment. On the other hand, SRL decreased the expression of lipogenic genes, including ACC1 (50%, p<0.05), lipin1 (25%, p<0.05), PPAR-γ (42%, p<0.05) and SCD1 (80%, p<0.001) in adipose tissue, after 3weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION The effects of both IAs on expression of lipolytic and lipogenic genes suggest that these agents influence lipid metabolism, thus contributing to the dyslipidemia observed during immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amelia Fuhrmann
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sereno
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Heath-ICNAS, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel O Espinoza
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal; The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP-ERC), 1250 203 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysglycemia and dyslipidemia are important metabolic complications of organ transplantation. Statins are widely used to control dyslipidemia; however, long-term use of statins is related to diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of statins on the development of dysglycemia (IFG and/or DM) in renal allograft recipients. METHODS A total of 394 patients without previously known DM or IFG who underwent kidney transplantation were enrolled. Patients were grouped into the two groups according to the use of statin (control, n=149; statin, n=245). The major statins used were fluvastatin (80 mg/d, n=134) and atorvastatin (20 mg/d, n=111). We compared the incidence of IFG or DM during the follow-up period. RESULTS The incidence of IFG was higher in the statin group than that in the control group (28.6% vs. 8.7%, P<0.001). The incidence of dysglycemia was significantly higher in the statin group (40.0% vs. 15.4%, P=0.001). Time to development of dysglycemia after transplantation was shorter in the statin group than in the control group (38.8±29.7 vs. 47.2±23.3 months, P=0.002). Statin use was associated with an increased risk for dysglycemia after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, cholesterol levels, hepatitis C infection, and type of immunosuppressant (hazard ratio=3.08, 95% confidence interval=1.91-4.98). The dysglycemic effect was more profound in the patients who used atorvastatin than in those who used fluvastatin (hazard ratio=2.21, 95% confidence interval=1.02-4.76). CONCLUSION Statin treatment is associated with an elevation in fasting plasma glucose and in the development of dysglycemia in renal allograft recipients.
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Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Mammalian target of rapamycin: a novel pathway in vascular calcification. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:482-4. [PMID: 24698657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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50
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Fuhrmann A, Lopes PC, Sereno J, Pedro J, Espinoza D, Pereira M, Reis F, Eriksson J, Carvalho E. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cyclosporin A and sirolimus on glucose and lipid metabolism in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in an in vivo rat model. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:216-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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