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Palumbo C, Benvenuto M, Focaccetti C, Albonici L, Cifaldi L, Rufini A, Nardozi D, Angiolini V, Bei A, Masuelli L, Bei R. Recent findings on the impact of ErbB receptors status on prognosis and therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1066021. [PMID: 36817764 PMCID: PMC9932042 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1066021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer type, has often an aggressive course and is poorly responsive to current therapeutic approaches, so that 5-year survival rates for patients diagnosed with advanced disease is lower than 50%. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has emerged as an established oncogene in HNSCC. Indeed, although HNSCCs are a heterogeneous group of cancers which differ for histological, molecular and clinical features, EGFR is overexpressed or mutated in a percentage of cases up to about 90%. Moreover, aberrant expression of the other members of the ErbB receptor family, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4, has also been reported in variable proportions of HNSCCs. Therefore, an increased expression/activity of one or multiple ErbB receptors is found in the vast majority of patients with HNSCC. While aberrant ErbB signaling has long been known to play a critical role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, metastatization and resistance to therapy, more recent evidence has revealed its impact on other features of cancer cells' biology, such as the ability to evade antitumor immunity. In this paper we will review recent findings on how ErbB receptors expression and activity, including that associated with non-canonical signaling mechanisms, impacts on prognosis and therapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy,Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Albonici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy,Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rufini
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Nardozi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Angiolini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Bei
- Medical School, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Roberto Bei,
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are rising in incidence worldwide, and despite the advent of improved surgical and radiation techniques, a substantial proportion of patients have disease recurrence, where systemic therapies are the mainstay of management. Recent advances in systemic therapy include the development of epidermal growth factor receptor- and programmed death 1-targeting drugs, which have produced incremental improvements in disease outcomes. However, for most patients, responses to treatment remain elusive because of primary or acquired resistance. Novel drugs and rational drug combinations need to be tested based on biomarker identification and preclinical science that will ultimately advance outcomes for our patients. This review focuses on efforts untaken for epidermal growth factor receptor targeting in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to date.
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Csurgay K, Zalatnai A, Benczik M, Csomó BK, Horváth F, Lőrincz Á, Komlós G, Németh Z. A Study of Prognostic Factors in Young Patients With Non-HPV Oral Cancer in Central Europe. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609991. [PMID: 35002542 PMCID: PMC8728875 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The etiological factors of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck have been well known for a long time. It is also well known that the incidence of oral cancer diagnosed in younger patients is on the rise. Due to the young age of these patients, the increase in the number of these cases and the fact that many of them neither smoke nor drink alcohol it has been suggested that other factors might be at play in the carcinogenesis of oral cancer. Thus, along the classic etiological factors of smoking and alcohol abuse certain molecular marker anomalies and the human papilloma virus (HPV) have emerged as potential factors. The aim of the present study is to verify the potential prognostic factors and to map the differences in biomarker expression between the young and the old patient groups. In the present study the immunohistochemical profile of samples obtained from oral squamous cell carcinomas was studied and compared with various clinico-pathological parameters. In 88 samples the expressions of p16, p53, Ki67, EGFR were studied with a tissue microarray technique under standard reaction conditions as well as the detection and typing of HPV infection with the Full Spectrum HPV DNA method. The biomarker expression profile of young patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma was compared to that of older patients (above 50). A significant difference was found between the immunohistochemical profile of the young and old patient groups in p16, Ki67 expression. The overall survival and progression free survival were influenced by p16 expression in young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Csurgay
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Zalatnai
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Benczik
- Synlab Genoid Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Benedek Krisztián Csomó
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Horváth
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Lőrincz
- Department of Oral Surgery, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - György Komlós
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Németh
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zsolt Németh,
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Papanikolaou V, Chrysovergis A, Mastronikolis S, Tsiambas E, Ragos V, Peschos D, Spyropoulou D, Pantos P, Niotis A, Mastronikolis N, Kyrodimos E. Impact of K-Ras Over-expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2021; 35:1611-1615. [PMID: 33910843 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Oncogene up-regulation combined with suppressor gene down-regulation is a crucial genetic combination that promotes cell neoplastic phenotype and progressively malignant transformation in solid malignancies, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Among oncogenes, the Kirsten ras oncogene homolog (K-Ras) is involved in LSCC onset and progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty (n=60) primary LSCC tissue sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Digital image analysis (DIA) was also implemented for measuring K-Ras protein expression levels. RESULTS High K-Ras protein expression levels were observed in 20/60 (33.3%) LSCC tissue sections, whereas the rest of the cases (n=40; 66.7%) demonstrated low expression. Overall K-Ras expression was borderline significantly associated to the grade of the examined malignancies (p=0.048), whereas no other strong statistical correlations were identified. A progressive K-Ras overexpression was observed in all grades of the examined cases. CONCLUSION K-Ras over expression is correlated to a progressive dedifferentiation in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vasileios Ragos
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Despoina Spyropoulou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Pavlos Pantos
- 1 ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- 1 ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Zaryouh H, De Pauw I, Baysal H, Peeters M, Vermorken JB, Lardon F, Wouters A. Recent insights in the PI3K/Akt pathway as a promising therapeutic target in combination with EGFR-targeting agents to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:112-155. [PMID: 33928670 DOI: 10.1002/med.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as cetuximab, remains a major roadblock in the search for effective therapeutic strategies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Due to its close interaction with the EGFR pathway, redundant or compensatory activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway has been proposed as a major driver of resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Understanding the role of each of the main proteins involved in this pathway is utterly important to develop rational combination strategies able to circumvent resistance. Therefore, the current work reviewed the role of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins, including Ras, PI3K, tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensing homolog, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin in resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in HNSCC. In addition, we summarize PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors that are currently under (pre)clinical investigation with focus on overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In conclusion, genomic alterations in and/or overexpression of one or more of these proteins are common in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC tumors. Therefore, downstream effectors of the PI3K/Akt pathway serve as promising drug targets in the search for novel therapeutic strategies that are able to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatment. Co-targeting EGFR and the PI3K/Akt pathway can lead to synergistic drug interactions, possibly restoring sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors and hereby improving clinical efficacy. Better understanding of the predictive value of PI3K/Akt pathway alterations is needed to allow the identification of patient populations that might benefit most from these combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zaryouh
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ines De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hasan Baysal
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Baptist Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Radeczky P, Megyesfalvi Z, Laszlo V, Fillinger J, Moldvay J, Raso E, Schlegl E, Barbai T, Timar J, Renyi-Vamos F, Dome B, Hegedus B. The effects of bisphosphonate and radiation therapy in bone-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: the impact of KRAS mutation. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:675-684. [PMID: 33718013 PMCID: PMC7947398 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background KRAS mutation is the most common genetic alteration in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) in Western countries and is associated with worse outcome in bone-metastatic cases. Yet, to date, no effective treatment guidelines were developed for these patients. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate the impact of KRAS mutation on bisphosphonate (BTx) and radiation therapy (RTx) in bone-metastatic LADC patients. Methods Clinicopathological variables of 134 consecutive LADC patients with bone metastases at diagnosis and known KRAS status were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of BTx, RTx and KRAS mutation on overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results Of the total cohort, 93 patients were identified as KRAS wild-type (WT) (69.4%) and 41 (30.6%) as KRAS mutant patients. The presence of KRAS mutation was associated with significantly reduced median OS (5.1 vs. 10.2 months in KRAS WT patients; P=0.008). Irrespective of KRAS mutational status both BTx (P=0.007) and RTx (P=0.021) conferred a significant benefit for OS. Notably, however, when analyzing the patients with KRAS-mutant and KRAS WT tumors separately, the benefit from BTx and RTx on OS remained statistically significant only in KRAS WT patients (P=0.032 and P=0.031, respectively). Conclusions KRAS mutation is a strong negative prognostic factor in bone-metastatic LADC patients. Both BTx and RTx can increase the OS with a pronounced benefit for patients with KRAS WT tumors. Altogether, KRAS mutational status should be considered during therapeutic decision making in bone-metastatic LADC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Radeczky
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janos Fillinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsebet Raso
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamas Barbai
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Timar
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Tumor Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Renyi-Vamos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
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Núñez-Acurio D, Bravo D, Aguayo F. Epstein-Barr Virus-Oral Bacterial Link in the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121059. [PMID: 33352891 PMCID: PMC7765927 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer. Its development has been associated with diverse factors such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. In addition, it has been suggested that microorganisms are risk factors for oral carcinogenesis. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which establishes lifelong persistent infections and is intermittently shed in the saliva, has been associated with several lymphomas and carcinomas that arise in the oral cavity. In particular, it has been detected in a subset of OSCCs. Moreover, its presence in patients with periodontitis has also been described. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an oral bacterium in the development of periodontal diseases. As a keystone pathogen of periodontitis, P. gingivalis is known not only to damage local periodontal tissues but also to evade the host immune system and eventually affect systemic health. Persistent exposure to P. gingivalis promotes tumorigenic properties of oral epithelial cells, suggesting that chronic P. gingivalis infection is a potential risk factor for OSCC. Given that the oral cavity serves as the main site where EBV and P. gingivalis are harbored, and because of their oncogenic potential, we review here the current information about the participation of these microorganisms in oral carcinogenesis, describe the mechanisms by which EBV and P. gingivalis independently or synergistically can collaborate, and propose a model of interaction between both microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Núñez-Acurio
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Virology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Virology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (F.A.)
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Kriegs M, Clauditz TS, Hoffer K, Bartels J, Buhs S, Gerull H, Zech HB, Bußmann L, Struve N, Rieckmann T, Petersen C, Betz CS, Rothkamm K, Nollau P, Münscher A. Analyzing expression and phosphorylation of the EGF receptor in HNSCC. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13564. [PMID: 31537844 PMCID: PMC6753061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is considered to cause increased EGFR activity, which adds to tumorigenicity and therapy resistance. Since it is still unclear, whether EGFR expression is indeed associated with increased activity in HNSCC, we analyzed the relationship between EGFR expression and auto-phosphorylation as a surrogate marker for activity. We used a tissue micro array, fresh frozen HNSCC tumor and corresponding normal tissue samples and a large panel of HNSCC cell lines. While we observed substantial overexpression only in approximately 20% of HNSCC, we also observed strong discrepancies between EGFR protein expression and auto-phosphorylation in HNSCC cell lines as well as in tumor specimens using Western blot and SH2-profiling; for the majority of HNSCC EGFR expression therefore seems not to be correlated with EGFR auto-phosphorylation. Blocking of EGFR activity by cetuximab and erlotinib points to increased EGFR activity in samples with increased basal auto-phosphorylation. However, we could also identify cells with low basal phosphorylation but relevant EGFR activity. In summary, our data demonstrate that EGFR expression and activity are not well correlated. Therefore EGFR positivity is no reliable surrogate marker for EGFR activity, arguing the need for alternative biomarkers or functional predictive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till Sebastian Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Bartels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Buhs
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helwe Gerull
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Barbara Zech
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Bußmann
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stephan Betz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nollau
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Münscher
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Maniyar N, Sharma N, Yerwadekar S, Patil S. Recent trends in predictive biomarkers for determining malignant potential of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oncol Rev 2019; 13:424. [PMID: 31565195 PMCID: PMC6747023 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2019.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of the tremendous advancements in the field of cancer prevention, detection and treatment, the overall prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) still remains poor. This can be partly imparted to the lack of early detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), especially those at a higher risk of progression into OSCC. Over years, various specific and non-specific markers have been introduced that could predict the malignant transformation of OPMDs; however detail information on these OPMD markers in a concise manner is lacking. Moreover, their use on daily clinical basis still remains questionable. With continuous research in the field of cytology and genomics, several contemporary biomarkers have been discovered that are not yet foregrounded and proved to be more promising than those used conventionally. Here, in the present paper, we overview several recently concluded predictive biomarkers with special emphasis on their role in molecular pathogenesis of OSCC transformation. These markers can be used for risk assessment of malignant transformation in patients with OPMDs as well as for prophylactic conciliation and fair management of the high-risk OPMD patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikunj Maniyar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata Yerwadekar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Zwick A, Bernhard M, Knoerck A, Linxweiler M, Schick B, Heinzelmann J, Smola S, Lohse S. Monitoring kinetics reveals critical parameters of IgA-dependent granulocyte-mediated anti-tumor cell cytotoxicity. J Immunol Methods 2019; 473:112644. [PMID: 31404549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human IgA antibodies effectively engage myeloid cells for the FcαRI-dependent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of tumor cells. Established methods to investigate ADCC are the 51chromium and Calcein release assays. Their critical limitations are the end-point measurement, the unspecific release of the probes, the requirement of target cells in suspension and thus do not reflect physiologic conditions of adherently growing cells. Here we report the label-free real-time monitoring of granulocyte-mediated ADCC using an impedance-based method. We investigated the efficacy of an engineered epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed IgA2 antibody to engage neutrophils for ADCC against a panel of adherently growing EGFR-expressing cancer cell lines majorly head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The impedance assay allowed the documentation of the IgA-neutrophil-and FcαRI-signaling dependent ADCC of adherently growing target cells. While at a short-term it provided comparable results to release assays, in the long run real time monitoring also revealed cell-line specific kinetics and long-term efficacy. Although short-term results may depend on EGFR expression, long-term efficacy did not correlate with the surface level of EGFR nor of the myeloid checkpoint CD47 pointing to additional critical parameters to predict the treatment efficacy. Real-time monitoring of neutrophil-mediated ADCC allowed documenting effector cell activity and exhaustion. Along with excess expression of Mac-1 ligands, which may explain the target cell resistance, this eventually leads to tumor cell outgrowth at later time points. In conclusion, the impedance assay provides valuable information on the kinetics, effector cell performance, efficacy and critical parameters of IgA-dependent granulocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and is expected to become an important tool in its evaluation.
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Bruine de Bruin L, Wachters JE, Schrijvers ML, Slagter-Menkema L, Mastik MF, Langendijk JA, van der Wal JE, Schuuring E, van der Laan BFAM. PTEN Is Associated With Worse Local Control in Early Stage Supraglottic Laryngeal Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:399-404. [PMID: 31453348 PMCID: PMC6703112 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to establish the prognostic value of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression on local control in patients with early stage supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) treated with radiotherapy only. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for EGFR and PTEN was performed on pretreatment biopsies of a selected well-defined homogeneous group of 52 patients with T1-T2 supraglottic LSCC treated with radiotherapy between 1990 and 2008. Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox Regression analyses were performed to correlate clinical data and expression levels of EGFR and PTEN with local control. Results Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox Regression analysis showed a significant association between PTEN expression and local control (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-9.33, P = .027) and between lymph node status and local control (HR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.26-10.31, P = .017). Both were independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis (HR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.14-9.39, P = .027 and HR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.26-10.37, P = .017, respectively). There was no significant association between EGFR expression and local control (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.17-10.14, P = .79). Conclusion This study showed an association between both high PTEN expression and the presence of lymph node metastasis and deteriorated local control in early stage supraglottic LSCC treated with radiotherapy. Level of Evidence NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bruine de Bruin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jan E Wachters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Schrijvers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline E van der Wal
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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12
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Chien HT, Cheng SD, Liao CT, Wang HM, Huang SF. Amplification of the EGFR and CCND1 Are Coordinated and Play Important Roles in the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060760. [PMID: 31159251 PMCID: PMC6627096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer in Taiwan and worldwide. To provide some clues for clinical management of OSCC, 72 advanced-stage OSCCs were analyzed using two microarray platforms (26 cases with Affymetrix 500 K and 46 cases with Affymetrix SNP 6.0). Genomic identification of significant targets in cancer analyses were used to identify significant copy number alterations (CNAs) using a q-value cutoff of 0.25. Among the several significant regions, 12 CNAs were common between these two platforms. Two gain regions contained the well-known oncogenes EGFR (7p11.2) and CCND1 (11q13.3) and several known cancer suppressor genes, such as FHIT (3p14.2-p12.1), FAT1 (4q35.1), CDKN2A (9p21.3), and ATM (11q22.3-q24.3), reside within the 10 deletion regions. Copy number gains of EGFR and CCND1 were further confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and TaqMan CN assay, respectively, in 257 OSCC cases. Our results indicate that EGFR and CCND1 CNAs are significantly associated with clinical stage, tumor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, EGFR and CCND1 CNAs have an additive effect on OSCC tumor progression. Thus, current genome-wide CNA analysis provides clues for future characterization of important oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with the behaviors of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Tzu Chien
- Department of Public Health, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Sou-De Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang-Fu Huang
- Department of Public Health, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
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13
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Li J, Wang L, Qiu Z, Su Y. Time profile of nimotuzumab for enhancing radiosensitivity of the Eca109 cell line. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2763-2769. [PMID: 30854050 PMCID: PMC6365957 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of Nimotuzumab to increase radiosensitivity at different delivery times in the mixed cancer cell line Eca109, to determine the optimal delivery time. Cultured Eca109 cells were classified into five groups: Control with no treatment (O group); irradiation without Nimotuzumab treatment (R group); treatment with Nimotuzumab 24 h prior to or after irradiation (24NR or 24RN group, respectively); and Nimotuzumab combined with irradiation simultaneously (NR group). Following cells reaching the logarithmic-growth phase, cell survival after exposure to Nimotuzumab was evaluated using an MTT assay; thereafter, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the cell line was calculated. Cell-survival curves were generated using a colony-forming assay. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect apoptosis rates and cell-cycle distribution. The expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor was measured in Eca109 cells with western blotting. Growth inhibition was only observed 72 h after exposure to Nimotuzumab. The IC50 was 768 µg/ml. At a dose of 0.2 IC50 or 0.3 IC50, the sensitization enhancement ratio of radiosensitivity was highest in the 24NR group. Nimotuzumab enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in Eca109 cells, with the optimal delivery time at 24 h prior to irradiation (P=0.035). The concentration of Nimotuzumab administered was directly proportional to the increase in radiosensitivity of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Zidan Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
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14
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Xin Y, Yan Q, Yang C, Jiang F, Guo W, Huang Q, Jiang G, Zhang L. Meta-analysis of the effects of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor on recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13717. [PMID: 30572506 PMCID: PMC6320165 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy and non-anti-EGFR therapy in recurrent/metastatic (RM) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS The Cochrane library, WanFang Data, PubMed, Medline, VIP, CBM, and EBSCO databases were searched for relevant studies. The objective response rate (ORR, defined as complete response or partial response according to RECTST version 1.1) and grade 3 to 4 adverse effects were used. RESULTS Ten studies involving 2260 patients were included. Primary meta-analysis showed that anti-EGFR therapy improved the ORR [odds ratio (OR): 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.44-2.21, P <.00001]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the ORR of patients with RM HNSCC could be improved by monoclonal antibodies (OR: 1.89, 1.46-2.45, P <.00001) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (OR: 1.57, 1.07-2.31, P = .02). Analysis of grade 3 to 4 adverse effects demonstrated that diarrhea (3.15, [1.90, 5.20]), rash/desquamation (13.66, [6.86, 27.20]), hypomagnesemia (1.83, [1.28, 2.62]), vomiting (1.99, [1.00, 3.95]), anorexia (3.34, [1.45, 7.73]), dehydration (2.22, [1.19, 4.12]), and hypokalemia (1.63, [1.09, 2.42]) were significantly associated with anti-EGFR therapy. CONCLUSION Anti-EGFR therapy is recommended for patients with RM HNSCC. Adverse effects, such as diarrhea, anorexia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia, should be carefully monitored during anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou
| | - Qiuyue Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou
| | - ChunSheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou
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15
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Lee YS, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. An update: emerging drugs to treat squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018; 23:283-299. [PMID: 30376740 PMCID: PMC6525082 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1543400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Subsequent to the 2006 FDA approval of cetuximab, a variety of molecular targeting agents have been evaluated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The treatment outcomes of recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC, in particular, remain dismal. The 2016 FDA approval of PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors has expanded the treatment options for R/M HNSCC and highlights the potential for immune-based therapies. Areas covered: We will review the clinical application of EGFR-targeted agents, alone and in combination with other drugs. Molecular targeting agents directed against the IL6/PI3K/STAT3 signaling pathway will be covered. In addition, evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC, along with ongoing combination trials incorporating these agents, will be discussed. The expanded indications of emerging drugs and the potential clinical benefit of new drugs and treatment combinations will be summarized. Expert opinion: In recent years, there has been a major shift toward immunotherapy-based approaches for the treatment of HNSCC, leading to significant improvements in outcomes for a subset of patients. Leveraging the increased understanding of the genetic alterations that characterize individual HNSCC tumors will facilitate precision medicine approaches using targeted agents, immunotherapies, as well as standard chemotherapy and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Se Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daniel E. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Perri F, Ionna F, Muto P, Marzo MD, Caponigro F, Longo F, Vittoria Scarpati GD, Lorenzo GD, Giuliano M, Solla R. Genetics and management of locally advanced carcinomas of the head and neck: role of altered fractionation radiotherapy. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO347. [PMID: 30652016 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) accounts for 5-7% of all malignancies. About 60% of newly diagnosed SCCHN are detected as locally advanced disease. Chemoradiation is a standard option and response rate to it is variable. Recently, a genetic classification of SCCHN has been proposed by Chung et al., who categorized all SCCHN into four subtypes. The basal-like variant is characterized by high expression of EGFR. Literature data suggest higher efficacy of accelerated and/or hyperfractionated radiotherapy, if compared with conventional radiotherapy in the subgroup of patients with high EGFR expression. In this review, we will describe the genetic factors able to guide treatment choice, with a focus on EGFR expression.
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17
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Chen J, Shen Z, Deng H, Zhou W, Liao Q, Mu Y. Long non-coding RNA biomarker for human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Gene 2018; 671:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Bossi P, Resteghini C, Paielli N, Licitra L, Pilotti S, Perrone F. Prognostic and predictive value of EGFR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74362-74379. [PMID: 27556186 PMCID: PMC5342059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR is an extensively studied biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review, we discuss the prognostic and predictive role of EGFR in HNSCC, focusing on the different molecular alterations in specific treatment modalities such as radiotherapy alone (RT), combination of surgery, RT and chemotherapy (CT), EGFR inhibitors. We considered EGFR at different molecular levels: protein expression, protein activation, gene copy number, polymorphisms, mutation, EGFRvIII expression and EGFR ligand expression. Considering RT alone, evidence supports the predictive and prognostic role of high EGFR expression only when evaluated by quantitative assays: this may help select the patients who can mostly benefit from accelerated treatment. Conversely, no predictive biomarkers are available when treatment is a combination of surgery, CT and RT. For this combined treatment, several studies indicate that EGFR expression represents a good prognostic parameter only when measured by a “quantitative” or at least semi-quantitative method. With respect to EGFR inhibitors, neither EGFR expression nor increased gene copy number represent prognostic/predictive factors. If validated, nuclear EGFR, TGFα levels, EGFR phopshorylation and polymorphisms could represent additional prognostic factors in relation to combination of surgery, CT and RT, while EGFR polymorphisms and high amphiregulin levels could have prognostic value in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bossi
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Resteghini
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas Paielli
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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19
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Gonzales CB, De La Chapa JJ, Saikumar P, Singha PK, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Chavez J, Horning AM, Parra J, Kirma NB. Co-targeting ALK and EGFR parallel signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2018; 59:12-19. [PMID: 27424178 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises 90% of all head and neck cancers and has a poor survival rate due to late-stage disease that is refractive to traditional therapies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in greater than 80% of head and neck SCC (HNSCC). However, EGFR targeted therapies yielded little to no efficacy in clinical trials. This study investigated the efficacy of co-targeting EGFR and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) whose promoter is hypomethylated in late-stage oral SCC (OSCC). We observed increased ALK activity in late-stage human OSCC tumors and invasive OSCC cell lines. We also found that while ALK inhibition alone had little effect on proliferation, co-targeting ALK and EGFR significantly reduced OSCC cell proliferation in vitro. Further analysis showed significant efficacy of combined treatment in HSC3-derived xenografts resulting in a 30% decrease in tumor volumes by 14days (p<0.001). Western blot analysis showed that co-targeting ALK and EGFR significantly reduced EGFR phosphorylation (Y1148) in HSC3 cells but not Cal27 cells. ALK and EGFR downstream signaling interactions are also demonstrated by Western blot analysis in which lone EGFR and ALK inhibitors attenuated AKT activity whereas co-targeting ALK and EGFR completely abolished AKT activation. No effects were observed on ERK1/2 activation. STAT3 activity was significantly induced by lone ALK inhibition in HSC3 cells and to a lower extent in Cal27 cells. Together, these data illustrate that ALK inhibitors enhance anti-tumor activity of EGFR inhibitors in susceptible tumors that display increased ALK expression, most likely through abolition of AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara B Gonzales
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Comprehensive Dentistry, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffery Chavez
- Biochemistry, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Aaron M Horning
- Molecular Medicine, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jamie Parra
- Pathology, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nameer B Kirma
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Molecular Medicine, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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20
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Costa V, Kowalski LP, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Begnami MD, Calsavara VF, Neves JI, Kaminagakura E. EGFR amplification and expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:817-823. [PMID: 29395668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene alterations in two groups of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (a test group of subjects aged ≤40 years and a control group of subjects aged ≥50 years) and to associate the results with EGFR immunostaining, clinicopathological features, and the prognosis. Sixty cases of OSCC were selected (test group, n=21; control group, n=39). The tissue microarray technique was applied to ensure the uniformity of results. Gene amplification was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemical staining for EGFR was analyzed using an automated imaging system. EGFR amplification was higher in the test group than in the control group (P=0.018) and was associated with advanced clinical stage (P=0.013), regardless of age. Patients with EGFR overexpression had worse survival rates, as did patients who had T3-T4 tumours and positive margins. EGFR overexpression has a negative impact on disease progression. Despite the higher amplification of EGFR in young adults, it does not significantly impact the survival rates of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Costa
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - L P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Coutinho-Camillo
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M D Begnami
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V F Calsavara
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J I Neves
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Kaminagakura
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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21
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Blasco MA, Svider PF, Raza SN, Jacobs JR, Folbe AJ, Saraf P, Eloy JA, Baredes S, Fribley AM. Systemic therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Historical perspectives and recent breakthroughs. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:2565-2569. [PMID: 28581126 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite dramatic developments in drugs established for other malignancies, historically there have been few novel systemic agents available for the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the last decade has observed increased interest in targeted therapies for HNSCC. In 2006, cetuximab became the first major drug for HNSCC to gain Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 3 decades. Recently, both pembrolizumab and nivolumab gained FDA approval for treatment of recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, and trials for other indications in HNSCC are actively underway. As older agents including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil continue to play a significant role in the management of advanced HNSCC, an understanding of their legacy is paramount. This historical review is not meant to exhaustively catalog every finding relating to HNSCC systemic therapy, but rather is meant to highlight important advances. DATA SOURCES Case series and clinical trials available in the literature. REVIEW METHODS Historically significant series and trials evaluating HNSCC systemic therapy were evaluated. RESULTS Standard regimens employed today are largely comprised of drugs discovered over 4 decades ago, although a number of recent phase III clinical trials have shown great promise, leading to the adoption of several new chemotherapeutic agents and treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the importance of supporting further HNSCC drug discovery as modern treatment strategies using systemic therapy have resulted in measurable improvements in oncologic outcomes. Laryngoscope, 127:2565-2569, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Blasco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Peter F Svider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - S Naweed Raza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - John R Jacobs
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Adam J Folbe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Pankhoori Saraf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Soly Baredes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Andrew M Fribley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
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Perisanidis C. Prevalence of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Domain Mutations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Cohort Study and Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 31:23-34. [PMID: 28064216 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) are associated with response and resistance to targeted therapy. The EGFR mutation status in patients with advanced oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) was evaluated. A systematic literature review was undertaken to summarize current evidence and estimate the overall prevalence of EGFR TKD mutations in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 113 patients with OOSCC. Pyrosequencing was performed to investigate mutations in EGFR exons 18 to 21. Medline databases were searched for relevant studies. Studies reporting mutations in the EGFR TKD in HNSCC were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. RESULTS No mutations in the EGFR TKD were observed in 113 samples of OOSCC. A total of 53 eligible studies were included in the systematic review. In total, from the review, 117 patients harboring a total of 159 EGFR TKD mutations were reported among 4122 patients with HNSCC. The overall prevalence of EGFR TKD mutations in HNSCC was 2.8%. CONCLUSION Large-scale studies are warranted to provide further evidence regarding the mutation status of EGFR in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Perisanidis
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Lohinai Z, Klikovits T, Moldvay J, Ostoros G, Raso E, Timar J, Fabian K, Kovalszky I, Kenessey I, Aigner C, Renyi-Vamos F, Klepetko W, Dome B, Hegedus B. KRAS-mutation incidence and prognostic value are metastatic site-specific in lung adenocarcinoma: poor prognosis in patients with KRAS mutation and bone metastasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39721. [PMID: 28051122 PMCID: PMC5209707 DOI: 10.1038/srep39721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines lack comprehensive information on the metastatic site-specific role of KRAS mutation in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). We investigated the effect of KRAS mutation on overall survival (OS) in this setting. In our retrospective study, 500 consecutive Caucasian metastatic LADC patients with known KRAS mutational status were analyzed after excluding 32 patients with EGFR mutations. KRAS mutation incidence was 28.6%. The most frequent metastatic sites were lung (45.6%), bone (26.2%), adrenal gland (17.4%), brain (16.8%), pleura (15.6%) and liver (11%). Patients with intrapulmonary metastasis had significantly increased KRAS mutation frequency compared to those with extrapulmonary metastases (35% vs 26.5%, p = 0.0125). In contrast, pleural dissemination and liver involvement were associated with significantly decreased KRAS mutation incidence (vs all other metastatic sites; 17% (p < 0.001) and 16% (p = 0.02) vs 33%, respectively). Strikingly, we found a significant prognostic effect of KRAS status only in the bone metastatic subcohort (KRAS-wild-type vs KRAS-mutant; median OS 9.7 v 3.7 months; HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.79; p = 0.003). Our study suggests that KRAS mutation frequency in LADC patients shows a metastatic site dependent variation and, moreover, that the presence of KRAS mutation is associated with significantly worse outcome in bone metastatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Lohinai
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Moldvay
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ostoros
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsebet Raso
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Timar
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Fabian
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Kenessey
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik Essen, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ferenc Renyi-Vamos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Dome
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Somarriva C, Fernández A, Candia J, Campos J, Albers D, Briceño J. Dysregulation and detection methods of EGFR in oral cancer. A narrative review. J Oral Res 2016. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2016.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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25
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Jamshidi N, Huang D, Abtin FG, Loh CT, Kee ST, Suh RD, Yamamoto S, Das K, Dry S, Binder S, Enzmann DR, Kuo MD. Genomic Adequacy from Solid Tumor Core Needle Biopsies of ex Vivo Tissue and in Vivo Lung Masses: Prospective Study. Radiology 2016; 282:903-912. [PMID: 27755912 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016132230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To identify the variables and factors that affect the quantity and quality of nucleic acid yields from imaging-guided core needle biopsy. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board and compliant with HIPAA. The authors prospectively obtained 232 biopsy specimens from 74 patients (177 ex vivo biopsy samples from surgically resected masses were obtained from 49 patients and 55 in vivo lung biopsy samples from computed tomographic [CT]-guided lung biopsies were obtained from 25 patients) and quantitatively measured DNA and RNA yields with respect to needle gauge, number of needle passes, and percentage of the needle core. RNA quality was also assessed. Significance of correlations among variables was assessed with analysis of variance followed by linear regression. Conditional probabilities were calculated for projected sample yields. Results The total nucleic acid yield increased with an increase in the number of needle passes or a decrease in needle gauge (two-way analysis of variance, P < .0001 for both). However, contrary to calculated differences in volume yields, the effect of needle gauge was markedly greater than the number of passes. For example, the use of an 18-gauge versus a 20-gauge biopsy needle resulted in a 4.8-5.7 times greater yield, whereas a double versus a single pass resulted in a 2.4-2.8 times greater yield for 18- versus 20-gauge needles, respectively. Ninety-eight of 184 samples (53%) had an RNA integrity number of at least 7 (out of a possible score of 10). Conclusion With regard to optimizing nucleic acid yields in CT-guided lung core needle biopsies used for genomic analysis, there should be a preference for using lower gauge needles over higher gauge needles with more passes. ©RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article. An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on October 21, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Jamshidi
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Danshan Huang
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Fereidoun G Abtin
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Christopher T Loh
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Stephen T Kee
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Robert D Suh
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Kingshuk Das
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Sarah Dry
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Scott Binder
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Dieter R Enzmann
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
| | - Michael D Kuo
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (N.J., D.H., F.G.A., C.T.L., S.T.K., R.D.S., S.Y., D.R.E., M.D.K.) and Pathology (S.Y., K.D., S.D., S.B., M.D.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Box 951721, CHS 17-135, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721
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Valiathan GM, Thenumgal SJ, Jayaraman B, Palaniyandi A, Ramkumar H, Jayakumar K, Bhaskaran S, Ramanathan A. Common docking domain mutation E322K of the ERK2 gene is infrequent in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 13:6155-7. [PMID: 23464422 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) signaling pathway - EGFR/Ras/ RAF/MEK have been associated with the development of several carcinomas. ERK2, a downstream target of the MAPK pathway and a founding member of the MAPK family is activated by cellular signals emanating at the cell membrane. Activated ERK2 translocates into the nucleus to transactivate genes that promote cell proliferation. MKP - a dual specific phosphatase - interacts with activated ERK2 via the common docking (CD) domain of the later to inactivate (dephosphorylate) and effectively terminate further cell proliferation. A constitutively active form of ERK2 carrying a single point mutation (E322K) in its CD domain, was earlier reported by our laboratory. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of this CD domain E322K mutation in 88 well differentiated OSCC tissue samples. MATERIALS AND METHOD Genomic DNA specimens isolated from 88 oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples were amplified with primers flanking the CD domain of the ERK2 gene. Subsequently, PCR amplicons were gel purified and subjected to direct sequencing to screen for mutations. RESULTS Direct sequencing of eighty eight OSCC samples identified an E322K CD domain mutation in only one (1.1%) OSCC sample. CONCLUSIONS Our result indicates that mutation in the CD domain of ERK2 is rare in OSCC patients, which suggests the role of genetic alterations in other mitogenic genes in the development of carcinoma in the rest of the patients. Nevertheless, the finding is clinically significant, as the relatively rare prevalence of the E322K mutation in OSCC suggests that ERK2, being a common end point signal in the multi-hierarchical mitogen activated signaling pathway may be explored as a viable drug target in the treatment of OSCC.
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Conti S, Gallo E, Sioletic S, Facciolo F, Palmieri G, Lauriola L, Evoli A, Martucci R, Di Benedetto A, Novelli F, Giannarelli D, Deriu G, Granone P, Ottaviano M, Muti P, Pescarmona E, Marino M. Molecular genetic alterations in egfr CA-SSR-1 microsatellite and egfr copy number changes are associated with aggressiveness in thymoma. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:386-95. [PMID: 27076933 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.02.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key role of egfr in thymoma pathogenesis has been questioned following the failure in identifying recurrent genetic alterations of egfr coding sequences and relevant egfr amplification rate. We investigated the role of the non-coding egfr CA simple sequence repeat 1 (CA-SSR-1) in a thymoma case series. METHODS We used sequencing and egfr-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to genotype 43 thymomas; (I) for polymorphisms and somatic loss of heterozygosity of the non-coding egfr CA-SSR-1 microsatellite and (II) for egfr gene copy number changes. RESULTS We found two prevalent CA-SSR-1 genotypes: a homozygous 16 CA repeat and a heterozygous genotype, bearing alleles with 16 and 20 CA repeats. The average combined allele length was correlated with tumor subtype: shorter sequences were significantly associated with the more aggressive WHO thymoma subtype group including B2/B3, B3 and B3/C histotypes. Four out of 29 informative cases analysed for somatic CA-SSR-1 loss of heterozygosity showed allelic imbalance (AI), 3/4 with loss of the longer allele. By egfr-FISH analysis, 9 out of 33 cases were FISH positive. Moreover, the two integrated techniques demonstrated that 3 out of 4 CA-SSR-1-AI positive cases with short allele relative prevalence showed significantly low or high chromosome 7 "polysomy"/increased gene copy number by egfr-FISH. CONCLUSIONS Our molecular and genetic and follow up data indicated that CA-SSR-1-allelic imbalance with short allele relative prevalence significantly correlated with EGFR 3+ immunohistochemical score, increased egfr Gene Copy Number, advanced stage and with relapsing/metastatic behaviour in thymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Conti
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Enzo Gallo
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stefano Sioletic
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Francesco Facciolo
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Giovannella Palmieri
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Libero Lauriola
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amelia Evoli
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robert Martucci
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Flavia Novelli
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gloria Deriu
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Pierluigi Granone
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Margaret Ottaviano
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paola Muti
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mirella Marino
- 1 Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 2 Thoracic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 3 Rare Tumors Reference Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy ; 4 Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 5 Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 6 Division of Health Technologies-ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy ; 7 Biostatistic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy ; 8 Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ; 9 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Nakano T, Yamamoto H, Nakashima T, Nishijima T, Satoh M, Hatanaka Y, Shiratsuchi H, Yasumatsu R, Toh S, Komune S, Oda Y. Molecular subclassification determined by human papillomavirus and epidermal growth factor receptor status is associated with the prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 50:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abe S, Oikawa M, Miki Y, Shimizu Y, Suzuki T, Takahashi T, Kumamoto H. Immunohistochemical and genetic evaluations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 2016; 28:174-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Brauswetter D, Dános K, Gurbi B, Félegyházi ÉF, Birtalan E, Meggyesházi N, Krenács T, Tamás L, Peták I. Copy number gain of PIK3CA and MET is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:579-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Park SW, Joo YH, Jung SH, Yim SH, Nam IC, Cho KJ, Kim MS, Chung YJ. Chromosomal aberrations and prognosis in patients with concomitant chemoradiotherapy for resected head and neck cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2207-15. [PMID: 26821349 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has recently become a mainstay of a primary treatment modality in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), some of the patients experience CCRT failure. If we can predict the CCRT outcomes, we can reduce unnecessary CCRT avoiding risk of CCRT‑related complication. We aimed to identify genetic alteration markers related to treatment failure in HNSCC patients who underwent radical surgery and CCRT. Genome‑wide copy number alterations (CNAs) were analyzed in 18 HNSCC patients with (n=9) or without (n=9) recurrence using oligoarray‑comparative genomic hybridization and candidate CNAs were validated by quantitative RT‑PCR. A total of 15 recurrently altered regions (RARs) were identified in the 18 HNSCC cases. Among them, two RARs were significantly associated with CCRT‑failure: copy number gained RARs of 7p11.2 harboring EGFR (P=0.029) and 18p11.32 harboring TYMS gene (P=0.029). Three RARs (7p11.2, 9p21.3 and 18p11.32) were significantly associated with poor disease‑specific survival in univariate analysis, and 7p11.2 was consistently significant in the multivariate analysis (HR 40.68, P=0.003). In conclusion, we defined novel genomic alterations associated with CCRT‑failure: 7p11.2 (EGFR) and 18p11.32 (TYMS). Our results provide useful clues for the elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of HNSCC and to predict CCRT‑failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Park
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Joo
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑040, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑040, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Jae Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑040, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑040, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
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Mazurek AM, Rutkowski T, Fiszer-Kierzkowska A, Małusecka E, Składowski K. Assessment of the total cfDNA and HPV16/18 detection in plasma samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:36-41. [PMID: 26786940 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The advantages of the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methodology are quick results and the possibility of repeated analysis. The main aim of our study was to establish the relationship of the total cfDNA with patients' clinical characteristics and circulating HPV DNA detection in the blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS The cfDNA level of 200 HNSCC patients in plasma was quantified using TaqMan-based TERT amplification. TaqMan technology was also used for HPV16/18 detection. Additionally, mutations in KRAS and EGFR were investigated. RESULTS A higher level (p=0.011) of the total cfDNA was found in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) (9.60 ± 6.23 ng/ml) in comparison with other HNSCC (7.67 ± 4.44 ng/ml). The level of cfDNA in patients with clinical N2-N3 disease (9.28 ± 6.34 ng/ml) was (p=0.015) higher than in patients with a clinical N0-N1 disease (7.50 ± 3.69 ng/ml). It was also higher in patients with stage IV (9.16 ± 6.04 ng/ml) compared with stages I-III of cancer (7.26 ± 3.63 ng/ml) (p=0.011). Analysis of HPV16/18 in plasma revealed that 14% of patients were HPV-positive, the majority of whom had the type HPV16 (96.4%). CfDNA level was comparable in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC patients, as well in the OPSCC subgroup. Somatic mutations in EGFR and KRAS were not found. CONCLUSIONS A high level of cfDNA is specific for patients with OPSCC. HPV detection in cfDNA does not depend on the cfDNA concentration. Our results prove the diagnostic potential of plasma-based HPV cfDNA tests for the early detection and monitoring of HPV-positive HNSCC.
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Feldman R, Gatalica Z, Knezetic J, Reddy S, Nathan CA, Javadi N, Teknos T. Molecular profiling of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1625-38. [PMID: 26614708 PMCID: PMC5063170 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits high rates of recurrence, and with few approved targeted agents, novel treatments are needed. We analyzed a molecular profiling database for the distribution of biomarkers predictive of chemotherapies and targeted agents. Methods Seven hundred thirty‐five patients with advanced HNSCC (88 with known human papillomavirus [HPV] status), were profiled using multiple platforms (gene sequencing, gene copy number, and protein expression). Results Among the entire patient population studied, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the protein most often overexpressed (90%), TP53 gene most often mutated (41%), and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PIK3CA) most often amplified (40%; n = 5). With the exception of TP53 mutation, other biomarker frequencies were not significantly different among HPV‐positive or HPV‐negative patients. PIK3CA mutations and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss are frequent events, independent of HPV status. The immune response‐modulating programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) axis was active across sites, stages, and HPV status. Conclusion Molecular profiling utilizing multiple platforms provides a range of therapy options beyond standard of care. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck38: E1625–E1638, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cherie-Ann Nathan
- Louisiana State University, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | | | - Theodoros Teknos
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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de Andrade ALDL, Ferreira SJ, Ferreira SMS, Ribeiro CMB, Freitas RDA, Galvão HC. Immunoexpression of EGFR and EMMPRIN in a series of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:776-81. [PMID: 26296920 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) have been identified as oncologically important targets. This study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of EGFR and EMMPRIN in a series of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Forty-five cases of HNSCC were selected for this study and evaluated with anti-EGFR and anti-EMMPRIN antibodies. The percentage of positive cells was determined assessing to the following categories: score 1 (staining in 0-50% of cells), score 2 (staining in 51-75% of cells), and score 3 (staining in >75% of cells). Immunostaining intensity was graded according to the following parameters: score 1 (absent/weak expression) and score 2 (strong expression). RESULTS For EGFR, a predominance of high median scores was observed in cases of both histological grades of malignancy and in different clinical stages (p>0.05). For EMMPRIN, a statistically significant difference was observed between the histological grades of malignancy (p=0.030). Regarding the immunostaining intensity of EMMPRIN, it was observed a predominance of score 1 in cases with stages I/II, whereas most cases with stages III/IV presented score 2 (p=0.032). Considering the anatomical location, most cases of buccal floor presented higher median score of EMMPRIN in comparison with the other sites (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both proteins are potential targets for cancer therapy and EMMPRIN can be used as a prognostic marker of a more aggressive biological behavior in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefânia Jeronimo Ferreira
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Szentkúti G, Dános K, Brauswetter D, Kiszner G, Krenács T, Csákó L, Répássy G, Tamás L. Correlations between prognosis and regional biomarker profiles in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:643-50. [PMID: 25547827 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) show diverse clinicopathological features and are mostly linked with poor outcome. In this study, we tested if the expression of tumor growth, cell cycle and basement membrane anchorage related biomarkers allow prognostic and clinicopathological stratification of HNSCC. Archived HNSCC samples from 226 patients included into tissue microarrays (TMA) were tested using immunohistochemistry. Histopathological evaluation and the analysis of immunostaining for EGFR, Ki67, p53, p16(ink4) and Collagen XVII proteins were carried out in digital whole slides. Statistical evaluation was carried out using Pearson's Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. In the tested cohort, hypopharyngeal cancers had the least favorable, and glottic cancers had the most favorable prognosis. High Ki67 positive tumor cell fractions were associated with significantly worse prognosis and elevated rate of lymph node metastasis. Both Ki67 and EGFR expression correlated significantly with the tumor localization. Ki67 index was the highest in the hypopharyngeal region and it proved to be the lowest in the glottic region. EGFR expression was the highest in the oral cavity and the lowest in the glottic region. The survival rate of patients with p16(ink4)-negative cancer was significantly lower than of those with p16(ink4)-positive disease. A significant inverse correlation was found between histological grade and the prognosis of HNSCC. Our data support that elevated Ki67 positive proliferating cell fractions contribute to the unfavorable prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancers, while glottic cancers have the most favorable prognosis because of the lowest Ki67 expression rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Szentkúti
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital, 1st Köves Street, 1204, Budapest, Hungary,
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Boeckx C, Van den Bossche J, De Pauw I, Peeters M, Lardon F, Baay M, Wouters A. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment and drug resistance against EGFR inhibitors: preclinical study in cetuximab-sensitive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:203. [PMID: 26032726 PMCID: PMC4467624 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is observed in more than 90% of all head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Therefore, EGFR has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Nevertheless, drug resistance remains a major challenge and an important potential mechanism of drug resistance involves the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of the EGFR-targeting agents cetuximab and erlotinib under normoxia versus hypoxia. Findings Three cetuximab-sensitive HNSCC cell lines (SC263, LICR-HN2 and LICR-HN5) were treated with either cetuximab or erlotinib. Cells were incubated under normal or reduced oxygen conditions (<0.1% O2) for 24 or 72 h immediately after drug addition. Cell survival was assessed with the sulforhodamine B assay. Cetuximab and erlotinib established a dose-dependent growth inhibition under both normal and prolonged reduced oxygen conditions in all three HNSCC cell lines. However, a significantly increased sensitivity to cetuximab was observed in SC263 cells exposed to hypoxia for 72 h (p = 0.05), with IC50 values of 2.38 ± 0.59 nM, 0.64 ± 0.38 nM, and 0.10 ± 0.05 nM under normoxia, hypoxia for 24 h and hypoxia for 72 h, respectively. LICR-HN5 cells showed an increased sensitivity towards erlotinib when cells were incubated under hypoxia for 24 h (p = 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that both EGFR-inhibitors cetuximab and erlotinib maintain their growth inhibitory effect under hypoxia. These results suggest that resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in HNSCC is probably not the result of hypoxic regions within the tumor and other mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Boeckx
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Jolien Van den Bossche
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Ines De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium. .,Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marc Baay
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Lohinai Z, Hoda MA, Fabian K, Ostoros G, Raso E, Barbai T, Timar J, Kovalszky I, Cserepes M, Rozsas A, Laszlo V, Grusch M, Berger W, Klepetko W, Moldvay J, Dome B, Hegedus B. Distinct Epidemiology and Clinical Consequence of Classic Versus Rare EGFR Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:738-46. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Boeckx C, Op de Beeck K, Wouters A, Deschoolmeester V, Limame R, Zwaenepoel K, Specenier P, Pauwels P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Baay M, Lardon F. Overcoming cetuximab resistance in HNSCC: The role of AURKB and DUSP proteins. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:365-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prigge E, Urban K, Stiegler S, Müller M, Kloor M, Mai S, Ottstadt M, Lohr F, Wenz F, Wagner S, Wittekindt C, Klussmann JP, Hampl M, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Reuschenbach M. No evidence of oncogenic KRAS mutations in squamous cell carcinomas of the anogenital tract and head and neck region independent of human papillomavirus and p16INK4a status. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:2347-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cserepes M, Ostoros G, Lohinai Z, Raso E, Barbai T, Timar J, Rozsas A, Moldvay J, Kovalszky I, Fabian K, Gyulai M, Ghanim B, Laszlo V, Klikovits T, Hoda MA, Grusch M, Berger W, Klepetko W, Hegedus B, Dome B. Subtype-specific KRAS mutations in advanced lung adenocarcinoma: A retrospective study of patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1819-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jerhammar F, Johansson AC, Ceder R, Welander J, Jansson A, Grafström RC, Söderkvist P, Roberg K. YAP1 is a potential biomarker for cetuximab resistance in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:832-9. [PMID: 24993889 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) only variably represents a therapeutic advance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study addresses the need of biomarkers of treatment response to the EGFR-targeting antibody cetuximab (Erbitux®). MATERIALS AND METHODS The intrinsic cetuximab sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines was assessed by a crystal violet assay. Gene copy number analysis of five resistant and five sensitive cell lines was performed using the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 platform. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for verification of selected copy number alterations and assessment of mRNA expression. The functional importance of the findings on the gene and mRNA level was investigated employing siRNA technology. The data was statistically evaluated using Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS Analysis of the intrinsic cetuximab sensitivity of 32 HNSCC cell lines characterized five and nine lines as cetuximab sensitive or resistant, respectively. Gene copy number analysis of five resistant versus five sensitive cell lines identified 39 amplified protein-coding genes, including YAP1, in the genomic regions 11q22.1 or 5p13-15. Assessment using qPCR verified that YAP1 amplification associated with cetuximab resistance. Amplification of YAP1 correlated to higher mRNA levels, and RNA knockdown resulted in increased cetuximab sensitivity. Assessment of several independent clinical data sets in the public domain confirmed YAP1 amplifications in multiple tumor types including HNSCC, along with highly differential expression in a subset of HNSCC patients. CONCLUSION Taken together, we provide evidence that YAP1 could represent a novel biomarker gene of cetuximab resistance in HNSCC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Jerhammar
- Division of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Johansson
- Division of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Rebecca Ceder
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Welander
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Agneta Jansson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roland C Grafström
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Roberg
- Division of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
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Boeckx C, Weyn C, Vanden Bempt I, Deschoolmeester V, Wouters A, Specenier P, Van Laer C, Van den Weyngaert D, Kockx M, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Pauwels P, Lardon F, Baay M. Mutation analysis of genes in the EGFR pathway in Head and Neck cancer patients: implications for anti-EGFR treatment response. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:337. [PMID: 24899223 PMCID: PMC4067106 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted therapy against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is among the most promising molecular therapeutics for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). However, drug resistance limits the clinical efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and no predictive biomarker has entered the clinic yet. Methods A retrospective clinical study was performed utilizing pathological specimens from 52 newly diagnosed HNSCC patients. These patients were screened for mutations in EGFR and KRAS. Tyrosine kinase mutations in EGFR and KRAS mutations were evaluated by high resolution melting analysis (HRMA), whereas EGFRvIII was determined using one-step real-time PCR. Finally, patient samples were screened for HPV-DNA by GP5+/6+ PCR. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and significance was calculated using log-rank statistic. Results In our study population no EGFRvIII mutations were present. However, two silent mutations were found; T785T in exon 20 and R836R in exon 21 of the EGFR gene. Additionally, HRMA revealed an abnormal KRAS melting pattern in 7.0% of the samples. However, the KRAS StripAssay could confirm only one sample with a G12S mutation and none of these samples could be confirmed by direct sequencing. HPV DNA was present in 3/25 larynx and 9/27 oropharynx tumors. Conclusion The low rate of EGFR and KRAS mutations in this Belgian HNSCC population suggests that these genes will probably not play a major role in predicting response to anti-EGFR therapy in HNSCC. Hence, other predictive markers need to be discovered in order to optimize EGFR targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Boeckx
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Abstract
CONCLUSION The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is rare in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in China. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of EGFR mutations in patients with LSCC who underwent surgical resection in mainland China. METHODS xTAG technology was used to detect the EGFR exon 19, exon 20, and exon 21 mutations in 132 patients with LSCC who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from 2010 to 2013. RESULTS Of the 132 LSCC specimens examined, only 1 specimen was found to be positive for EGFR exon 20 mutation (0.76%). The mutation was p.T790M in exon 20. Two LSCC specimens were positive for EGFR exon 21 mutation (1.52%). The mutation was p.L858R in exon 21. None of the samples was found to be positive for EGFR exon 19 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fujian, Fuzhou , China
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Mwololo A, Nyagol J, Rogena E, Ochuk W, Kimani M, Onyango N, Pacenti L, Santopietro R, Leoncini L, Mwanda W. Correlation of EGFR, pEGFR and p16INK4 expressions and high risk HPV infection in HIV/AIDS-related squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:7. [PMID: 24572046 PMCID: PMC3996052 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva has increased tenfold in the era of HIV/AIDS. The disease pattern has also changed in Africa, affecting young persons, with peak age-specific incidence of 30-39 years, similar to that of Kaposi sarcoma, a well known HIV/AIDS defining neoplasm. In addition, the disease has assumed more aggressive clinical course. The contributing role of exposure to high risk HPV in the development of SCCC is still emerging. Objective The present study aimed to investigate if immunohistochemical expressions of EGFR, pEGFR and p16, could predict infection with high risk HPV in HIV-related SCCC. Methods FFPE tissue blocks of fifty-eight cases diagnosed on hematoxylin and eosin with SCCC between 2005-2011, and subsequently confirmed from medical records to be HIV positive at the department of human pathology, UoN/KNH, were used for the study. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expressions of p16INK4A, EGFR and pEGFR. This was followed with semi-nested PCR based detection and sequencing of HPV genotypes. The sequences were compared with the GenBank database, and data analyzed for significant statistical correlations using SPSS 16.0. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from KNH-ERC. Results Out of the fifty-eight cases of SCCC analyzed, twenty-nine (50%) had well differentiated (grade 1), twenty one (36.2%) moderately differentiated (grade 2) while eight (13.8%) had poorly differentiated (grade 3) tumours. Immunohistochemistry assay was done in all the fifty eight studied cases, of which thirty nine cases (67.2%) were positive for p16INK4A staining, forty eight cases (82.8%) for EGFR and fifty one cases (87.9%) showed positivity for p-EGFR. HPV DNA was detected in 4 out of 40 SCCC cases (10%) in which PCR was performed, with HPV16 being the only HPV sub-type detected. Significant statistical association was found between HPV detection and p16INK4 (p=0.000, at 99% C.I) and EGFR (p=0.028, at 95% C.I) expressions, but not pEGFR. In addition, the expressions of these biomarkers did not show any significant association with tumor grades. Conclusion This study points to an association of high risk HPV with over expressions of p16INK4A and EGFR proteins in AIDS-associated SCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Nyagol
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Schweiger T, Hegedüs B, Nikolowsky C, Hegedüs Z, Szirtes I, Mair R, Birner P, Döme B, Lang G, Klepetko W, Ankersmit HJ, Hoetzenecker K. EGFR, BRAF and KRAS status in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy from primary colorectal carcinoma: a prospective follow-up study. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:946-54. [PMID: 24281417 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary metastasectomy is an integral part of the interdisciplinary treatment of patients with pulmonary metastases (PMs) from colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Although alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway are common in CRC, there is still insufficient data regarding PM. We hypothesized that EGFR expression and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)/BRAF mutations (Mts) might be associated with clinicopathological variables and the outcome in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy. METHODS In this single-center study, 44 patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy from primary CRC were included and prospectively followed up. Tissue specimens of resected PMs were assessed. Restriction fragment length analysis was used for BRAF V600E and KRAS codons 12 and 13 Mt analyses. EGFR expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Patients were followed up in 3-6-month intervals. RESULTS EGFR expression was evident in 49 % of the PMs, whereas Mts in KRAS and BRAF were detected in 48 and 0 %, respectively. Time to lung-specific recurrence after metastasectomy was significantly decreased in patients with KRAS mutated PMs in univariate (p = 0.013) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.035), whereas EGFR expression had no impact on recurrence free survival. Moreover, KRAS Mts were associated with the number of PMs (p = 0.037) and with the lung as first site of recurrence after metastasectomy (p = 0.047). DISCUSSION This is the first evaluation of EGFR pathway alterations in the setting of pulmonary metastasectomy. Our data suggest that patients with KRAS Mts are at high risk for early pulmonary recurrence and have a more diffuse pattern of metastasis. These findings may have impact on the therapeutic management of CRC patients with pulmonary spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhu X, Zhang F, Zhang W, He J, Zhao Y, Chen X. Prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:387-97. [PMID: 24038070 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing PR China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
- School of Life Science; Wenzhou Medical College; Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province PR China
| | - Jing He
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- School of Life Science; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Xingming Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing PR China
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Nelhűbel GA, Károly B, Szabó B, Lotz G, Kiss A, Tóvári J, Kenessey I. The Prognostic Role of Claudins in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:99-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the tremendous number of studies of prognostic molecular markers in cancer, only a few such markers have entered clinical practise. The lack of clinical prognostic markers clearly reflects limitations in or an inappropriate approach to prognostic studies. This situation should be of great concern for the research community, clinicians and patients. In the present review, we evaluate immunohistochemical prognostic marker studies in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) from 2006 to 2012. We comment upon general issues such as study design, assay methods and statistical methods, applicable to prognostic marker studies irrespective of cancer type. The three most frequently studied markers in OSCC are reviewed. Our analysis revealed that most new molecular markers are reported only once. To draw conclusions of clinical relevance based on the few markers that appeared in more than one study was problematic due to between-study heterogeneity. Currently, much valuable tissue material, time and money are wasted on irrelevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine M Søland
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo
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Boeckx C, Baay M, Wouters A, Specenier P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Lardon F. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: focus on potential molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Oncologist 2013; 18:850-64. [PMID: 23821327 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most promising molecular therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EGFR is overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies, including HNSCC, and initiates important signal transduction pathways in HNSCC carcinogenesis. However, primary and acquired resistance are serious problems and are responsible for low single-agent response rate and tumor recurrence. Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors may provide valuable indications to identify biomarkers that can be used clinically to predict response to EGFR blockade and to establish new treatment options to overcome resistance. To date, no predictive biomarker for HNSCC is available in the clinic. Therapeutic resistance to anti-EGFR therapy may arise from mechanisms that can compensate for reduced EGFR signaling and/or mechanisms that can modulate EGFR-dependent signaling. In this review, we will summarize some of these molecular mechanisms and describe strategies to overcome that resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Boeckx
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Túri K, Barabás P, Csurgay K, Léhner GY, Lőrincz A, Németh ZS. An analysis of the epidemiological and etiological factors of oral tumors of young adults in a Central-Eastern European population. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:353-63. [PMID: 23645516 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of tumors in young age is not precisely known yet, but studies on the topic generally agree that in this group of patients the traditionally known behavioural risk factors (tobacco and alcohol abuse) play no or a significantly less important role. Oral squamous cell carcinoma occurring at a young age is a topic of utmost importance that is extensively and intensively researched as, while the overall incidence of oral cancer is decreasing worldwide, that of squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in young adults is steadily increasing. The present article aims at presenting the main questions and characteristics of tumors in young adults in Central-Eastern Europe and in developed West European countries as contrasted to tumors found in middle aged and elderly patients. Factors influencing the development of oral cancer include regulatory factors of the cell cycle, the inherited vulnerability of the genetic code of certain proteins and the presence of HPV infection with an oncogenic genotype. The connections of HPV infection and genetic damages are studied intensively. It is known that the prevalence of oral HPV infections is growing with a background of potentially changing sexual habits. It is debated, however, whether smoking and alcohol consumption could have a connection to HPV associated oral cancer and whether the spread of HPV in itself could be an explanation for the growing occurrence of young-age tumors. There is no consensus in the literature as to the prognostic significance of age. Some research groups have found a better life expectancy for young patients, while other authors found a worse prognosis for these patients. It is known that the prognosis of head and neck tumors, the prevalence of HPV infections as well as genetic mutations show regional and ethnic variations. This might be explained by differences in the degree of development of a preventive system, in the quality of care and in the attitudes of young patients towards visiting a doctor. The study is made difficult by incomparable patient selection criteria as well as by the question of the intraoral localisation of tumors as an independent risk factor.
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