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Bekeschus S. Gas plasmas technology: from biomolecule redox research to medical therapy. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2071-2083. [PMID: 38088441 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Physical plasma is one consequence of gas ionization, i.e. its dissociation of electrons and ions. If operated in ambient air containing oxygen and nitrogen, its high reactivity produces various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) simultaneously. Technology leap innovations in the early 2010s facilitated the generation of gas plasmas aimed at clinics and operated at body temperature, enabling their potential use in medicine. In parallel, their high potency as antimicrobial agents was systematically discovered. In combination with first successful clinical trials, this led in 2013 to the clinical approval of first medical gas plasma devices in Europe for promoting the healing of chronic and infected wounds and ulcers in dermatology. While since then, thousands of patients have benefited from medical gas plasma therapy, only the appreciation of the critical role of gas plasma-derived RONS led to unraveling first fragments of the mechanistic basics of gas plasma-mediated biomedical effects. However, drawing the complete picture of effectors and effects is still challenging. This is because gas plasma-produced RONS not only show a great variety of dozens of types but also each of them having distinct spatio-temporal concentration profiles due to their specific half-lives and reactivity with other types of RONS as well as different types of (bio) molecules they can react with. However, this makes gas plasmas fascinating and highly versatile tools for biomolecular redox research, especially considering that the technical capacity of increasing and decreasing individual RONS types holds excellent potential for tailoring gas plasmas toward specific applications and disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Galeano P, de Ceglia M, Mastrogiovanni M, Campanelli L, Medina-Vera D, Campolo N, Novack GV, Rosell-Valle C, Suárez J, Aicardo A, Campuzano K, Castaño EM, Do Carmo S, Cuello AC, Bartesaghi S, Radi R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Morelli L. The Effect of Fat Intake with Increased Omega-6-to-Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio in Animal Models of Early and Late Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17009. [PMID: 38069333 PMCID: PMC10707298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on the adult brain affected by amyloid pathology. McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rat and 5xFAD Tg mouse models that represent earlier or later disease stages were employed. The animals were exposed to a control diet (CD) or an HFD based on corn oil, from young (rats) or adult (mice) ages for 24 or 10 weeks, respectively. In rats and mice, the HFD impaired reference memory in wild-type (WT) animals but did not worsen it in Tg, did not cause obesity, and did not increase triglycerides or glucose levels. Conversely, the HFD promoted stronger microglial activation in Tg vs. WT rats but had no effect on cerebral amyloid deposition. IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 plasma levels were increased in Tg rats, regardless of diet, while CXCL1 chemokine levels were increased in HFD-fed mice, regardless of genotype. Hippocampal 3-nitrotyrosine levels tended to increase in HFD-fed Tg rats but not in mice. Overall, an HFD with an elevated omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio as compared to the CD (25:1 vs. 8.4:1) did not aggravate the outcome of AD regardless of the stage of amyloid pathology, suggesting that many neurobiological processes relevant to AD are not directly dependent on PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galeano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Lorenzo Campanelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gisela V. Novack
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Av. Ricaldoni S/N, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Karen Campuzano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eduardo M. Castaño
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
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Rios N, Aicardo A, Chavarría C, Ivagnes R, Mastrogiovanni M, Radi R, Souza JM. Photochemically-induced protein tyrosine nitration in vitro and in cellula by 5-methyl-1,4-dinitro-1H-imidazole (DNI): synthesis and biochemical characterization. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:116-126. [PMID: 37783316 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical nitrating agent 5-methyl-1,4-dinitro-1H-imidazole (DNI) has been recently described as an effective tool for nitrating tyrosine residues in proteins under 390 nm irradiation (Long T. et al., 2021). Herein, we describe the one-step synthesis of DNI from the precursor 4-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole with good yield (66%) and high purity (>99%). Spectral analysis of DNI reveals two maximum peaks (228 and 290 nm) with maximum nitration yields and kinetics occurring at 290 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)- and mass spectrometry (MS)- spin trapping analysis evidenced the formation of nitrogen dioxide (•NO2) upon irradiation of DNI, implying the homolysis of the N-N bond in the DNI molecule. Irradiation of DNI at 290, 390 nm, or UVA light (315-400 nm), produced tyrosine nitration, with yields approaching ca. 30% with respect to DNI at 290 nm exposure. Indeed, using alpha-synuclein as a model protein, the main protein post-translational modification triggered by DNI was the generation of 3-nitrotyrosine as shown by MS analysis. Additionally, the formation of di-tyrosine was also observed. Finally, intracellular •NO2 production upon DNI photolysis in bovine aortic endothelial cells was evidenced by the nitration of the tyrosine analog probe p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PHPA) and cellular protein tyrosine nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Av. Ricaldoni S/N, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Chavarría
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rodrigo Ivagnes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - José M Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
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Clemen R, Fuentes-Lemus E, Bekeschus S, Davies MJ. Oxidant-modified amylin fibrils and aggregates alter the inflammatory profile of multiple myeloid cell types, but are non-toxic to islet β cells. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102835. [PMID: 37544243 PMCID: PMC10432244 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus currently affects ∼10% of the population worldwide, with Type 2 predominating, and this incidence is increasing steadily. Both Type 1 and 2 are complex diseases, involving β-cell death and chronic inflammation, but the pathways involved are unresolved. Chronic inflammation is characterized by increased oxidant formation, with this inducing protein modification, altered function and immunogenicity. Amylin, a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin by β-cells, has attracted considerable interest for its amyloidogenic properties, however, the effects that oxidants have on amylin aggregation and function are poorly understood. Amylin was exposed in vitro to hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrous acid/peroxynitrite to investigate the formation of post-translational oxidative modifications (oxPTMs, via mass spectrometry) and fibril formation (via transmission electron microscopy). Amylin free acid (AFA) was also examined to investigate the role of the C-terminal amide in amylin. Oxidant exposure led to changes in aggregate morphology and abundance of oxPTMs in a concentration-dependent manner. The toxicity and immunogenic potential of oxidant-modified amylin or AFA on pancreatic islet cells (INS-1E), human monocyte cell line (THP-1) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were examined using metabolic activity and cytokine assays, and flow cytometry. No significant changes in vitality or viability were detected, but exposure to oxidant-modified amylin or AFA resulted in altered immunogenicity when compared to the native proteins. THP-1 and moDCs show altered expression of activation markers and changes in cytokine secretion. Furthermore, oxidant-treated amylin and AFA promoted maturation of THP-1 and pre-mature moDCs, as determined by changes in size, and maturation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Clemen
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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Jørgensen SM, Lorentzen LG, Hammer A, Hoefler G, Malle E, Chuang CY, Davies MJ. The inflammatory oxidant peroxynitrous acid modulates the structure and function of the recombinant human V3 isoform of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan versican. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102794. [PMID: 37402332 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Continued oxidant production during chronic inflammation generates host tissue damage, with this being associated with pathologies including atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaques contain modified proteins that may contribute to disease development, including plaque rupture, the major cause of heart attacks and strokes. Versican, a large extracellular matrix (ECM) chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan, accumulates during atherogenesis, where it interacts with other ECM proteins, receptors and hyaluronan, and promotes inflammation. As activated leukocytes produce oxidants including peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid (ONOO-/ONOOH) at sites of inflammation, we hypothesized that versican is an oxidant target, with this resulting in structural and functional changes that may exacerbate plaque development. The recombinant human V3 isoform of versican becomes aggregated on exposure to ONOO-/ONOOH. Both reagent ONOO-/ONOOH and SIN-1 (a thermal source of ONOO-/ONOOH) modified Tyr, Trp and Met residues. ONOO-/ONOOH mainly favors nitration of Tyr, whereas SIN-1 mostly induced hydroxylation of Tyr, and oxidation of Trp and Met. Peptide mass mapping indicated 26 sites with modifications (15 Tyr, 5 Trp, 6 Met), with the extent of modification quantified at 16. Multiple modifications, including the most extensively nitrated residue (Tyr161), are within the hyaluronan-binding region, and associated with decreased hyaluronan binding. ONOO-/ONOOH modification also resulted in decreased cell adhesion and increased proliferation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Evidence is also presented for colocalization of versican and 3-nitrotyrosine epitopes in advanced (type II-III) human atherosclerotic plaques. In conclusion, versican is readily modified by ONOO-/ONOOH, resulting in chemical and structural modifications that affect protein function, including hyaluronan binding and cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Lasse G Lorentzen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Astrid Hammer
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Christine Y Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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Fuentes-Lemus E, Reyes JS, López-Alarcón C, Davies MJ. Crowding modulates the glycation of plasma proteins: In vitro analysis of structural modifications to albumin and transferrin and identification of sites of modification. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:551-566. [PMID: 36336230 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein modification occurs in biological milieus that are characterized by high concentrations of (macro)molecules (i.e. heterogeneous and packed environments). Recent data indicate that crowding can modulate the extent and rate of protein oxidation, however its effect on other post-translational modifications remains to be explored. In this work we hypothesized that crowding would affect the glycation of plasma proteins. Physiologically-relevant concentrations of albumin (35 mg mL-1) and transferrin (2 mg mL-1) were incubated with methylglyoxal and glyoxal (5 μM-5 mM), two α-oxoaldehyde metabolites that are elevated in the plasma of people with diabetes. Crowding was induced by adding dextran or ficoll polymers. Electrophoresis, electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were employed to investigate the structural consequences of glycation under crowded conditions. Our data demonstrate that crowding modulates the extent of formation of transferrin cross-links, and also the modification pathways in both albumin and transferrin. Arginine was the most susceptible residue to modification, with lysine and cysteine also affected. Loss of 0.48 and 7.28 arginine residues per protein molecule were determined on incubation with 500 μM methylglyoxal for albumin and transferrin, respectively. Crowding did not influence the extent of loss of arginine and lysine for either protein, but the sites of modification, detected by LC-MS, were different between dilute and crowded conditions. These data confirm the relevance of studying modification processes under conditions that closely mimic biological milieus. These data unveil additional factors that influence the pattern and extent of protein modification, and their structural consequences, in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Juan S Reyes
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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Hallberg LAE, Thorsen NW, Hartsema EA, Hägglund PM, Hawkins CL. Mapping the modification of histones by the myeloperoxidase-derived oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:152-164. [PMID: 36152914 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Histones are critical for the packaging of nuclear DNA and chromatin assembly, which is facilitated by the high abundance of Lys and Arg residues within these proteins. These residues are also the site of a range of post-translational modifications, which influence the regulatory function of histones. Histones are also present in the extracellular environment, following release by various pathways, particularly neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs contain myeloperoxidase, which retains its enzymatic activity and produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl). This suggests that histones could be targets for HOCl under conditions where aberrant NET release is prevalent, such as chronic inflammation. In this study, we examine the reactivity of HOCl with a mixture of linker (H1) and core (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) histones. HOCl modified the histones in a dose- and time-dependent manner, resulting in structural changes to the proteins and the formation of a range of post-translational modification products. N-Chloramines are major products following exposure of the histones to HOCl and decompose over 24 h forming Lys nitriles and carbonyls (aminoadipic semialdehydes). Chlorination and dichlorination of Tyr, but not Trp residues, is also observed. Met sulfoxide and Met sulfones are formed, though these oxidation products are also detected albeit at a lower extent, in the non-treated histones. Evidence for histone fragmentation and aggregation was also obtained. These results could have implications for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, given the key role of Lys residues in regulating histone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line A E Hallberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK, 2200, Denmark
| | - Nicoline W Thorsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK, 2200, Denmark
| | - Els A Hartsema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK, 2200, Denmark
| | - Per M Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK, 2200, Denmark.
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Xu S, Chuang CY, Malle E, Gamon LF, Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Influence of plasma halide, pseudohalide and nitrite ions on myeloperoxidase-mediated protein and extracellular matrix damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:162-174. [PMID: 35718304 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediates pathogen destruction by generating the bactericidal oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Formation of this oxidant is however associated with host tissue damage and disease. MPO also utilizes H2O2 to oxidize other substrates, and we hypothesized that mixtures of other plasma anions, including bromide (Br-), iodide (I-), thiocyanate (SCN-) and nitrite (NO2-), at normal or supplemented concentrations, might modulate MPO-mediated HOCl damage. For the (pseudo)halide anions, only SCN- significantly modulated HOCl formation (IC50 ∼33 μM), which is within the normal physiological range, as judged by damage to human plasma fibronectin or extracellular matrix preparations detected by ELISA and LC-MS. NO2- modulated HOCl-mediated damage, in a dose-dependent manner, at physiologically-attainable anion concentrations. However, this was accompanied by increased tyrosine and tryptophan nitration (detected by ELISA and LC-MS), and the overall extent of damage remained approximately constant. Increasing NO2- concentrations (0.5-20 μM) diminished HOCl-mediated modification of tyrosine and methionine, whereas tryptophan loss was enhanced. At higher NO2- concentrations, enhanced tyrosine and methionine loss was detected. These analytical data were confirmed in studies of cell adhesion and metabolic activity. Together, these data indicate that endogenous plasma levels of SCN- (but not Br- or I-) can modulate protein modification induced by MPO, including the extent of chlorination. In contrast, NO2- alters the type of modification, but does not markedly decrease its extent, with chlorination replaced by nitration. These data also indicate that MPO could be a major source of nitration in vivo, and particularly at inflammatory sites where NO2- levels are often elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Y Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luke F Gamon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Zhang J, Dong L, Pan Y, Jan N. Detection of the Content of Two Coumarins, IM and ISOIM, and Their Mechanism of Action on Colitis Rats in Angelica albicans. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022; 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35880089 PMCID: PMC9308527 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5475559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Angelica albicans is being used in the cure of different, respiratory, neuromuscular, and cutaneous diseases in traditional eastern medicine. The pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of imperatorin (IM) and isoimperatorin (ISOIM), the main effective components in Angelica albicans, were investigated. The rapid, subtle, and measuring the PKs of a drug, a validated UPLC/MS/MS methodology was designed for a total of 2 furanocoumarins in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-stimulated and untreated mice. After that, blood samples were obtained. Angelica albicans (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) was given orally, taken regularly from the tail vein. The time it takes for colitis rats to achieve their maximal concentration (Tmax) imperatorin and isoimperatorin was considerably postponed. In comparison to normal rats, all furanocoumarins had lesser peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and higher represent residence durations. The area below the Cmax time-curve or clearance half-life did not differ significantly. In normal rats, all two furanocoumarins attained maximal plasma levels between 40 and 75 minutes, demonstrating fast oral absorption. The periods to attain Tmax of the two furanocoumarins, on the other hand, were shorter than in earlier studies. Therefore, colitis-linked alterations in the drug-absorption stage may result in a late Tmax and lowered Cmax, which have no effect on its clearance in half-life. Hence, conclusively, as a result, more consideration should be given to the prescription and administration of Angelica albicans in colitis individuals, and more research is needed to determine whether the changed PK profile was clinically meaningful for medicinal dose.
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10
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Jiang S, Fuentes-Lemus E, Davies MJ. Oxidant-mediated modification and cross-linking of beta-2-microglobulin. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:59-71. [PMID: 35609861 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is synthesized by all nucleated cells and forms part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-1 present on cell surfaces, which presents peptide fragments to cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes, or by association with CD1, antigenic lipids to natural killer T-cells. Knockout of B2M results in loss of these functions and severe combined immunodeficiency. Plasma levels of this protein are low in healthy serum, but are elevated up to 50-fold in some pathologies including chronic kidney disease and multiple myeloma, where it has both diagnostic and prognostic value. High levels of the protein are associated with amyloid formation, with such deposits containing significant levels of modified or truncated protein. In the current study we examine the chemical and structural changes induced of B2M generated by both inflammatory oxidants (HOCl and ONOOH), and photo-oxidation (1O2) which is linked with immunosuppression. Oxidation results in oligomer formation, with this occurring most readily with HOCl and 1O2, and a loss of native protein conformation. LC-MS analysis provided evidence for nitrated (from ONOOH), chlorinated (from HOCl) and oxidized residues (all oxidants) with damage detected at Tyr, Trp, and Met residues, together with cleavage of the disulfide (cystine) bond. An intermolecular di-tyrosine crosslink is also formed between Tyr10 and Tyr63. The pattern of these modifications is oxidant specific, with ONOOH inducing a greater range of modifications than HOCl. Comparison of the sites of modification with regions identified as amyloidogenic indicate significant co-localization, consistent with the hypothesis that oxidation may contribute, and predispose B2M, to amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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11
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Murphy MP, Bayir H, Belousov V, Chang CJ, Davies KJA, Davies MJ, Dick TP, Finkel T, Forman HJ, Janssen-Heininger Y, Gems D, Kagan VE, Kalyanaraman B, Larsson NG, Milne GL, Nyström T, Poulsen HE, Radi R, Van Remmen H, Schumacker PT, Thornalley PJ, Toyokuni S, Winterbourn CC, Yin H, Halliwell B. Guidelines for measuring reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in cells and in vivo. Nat Metab 2022; 4:651-662. [PMID: 35760871 PMCID: PMC9711940 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their consequences for health and disease are emerging throughout biological sciences. This development has led researchers unfamiliar with the complexities of ROS and their reactions to employ commercial kits and probes to measure ROS and oxidative damage inappropriately, treating ROS (a generic abbreviation) as if it were a discrete molecular entity. Unfortunately, the application and interpretation of these measurements are fraught with challenges and limitations. This can lead to misleading claims entering the literature and impeding progress, despite a well-established body of knowledge on how best to assess individual ROS, their reactions, role as signalling molecules and the oxidative damage that they can cause. In this consensus statement we illuminate problems that can arise with many commonly used approaches for measurement of ROS and oxidative damage, and propose guidelines for best practice. We hope that these strategies will be useful to those who find their research requiring assessment of ROS, oxidative damage and redox signalling in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Gerontology, Molecular & Computational Biology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias P Dick
- German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Henry J Forman
- Gerontology, Molecular & Computational Biology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Gems
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Radi
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Paul J Thornalley
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Life Sciences Institute Neurobiogy Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Attia MS, Youssef AO, Abdel-Sattar NA, Amin MA, Alharthi S, Mohamed EH, Mahmoud SA, Abou-Omar MN. A highly selective and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the assessment of 3-nitrotyrosine in serum using (Eu(TTA) 3Phen) photo probe. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4536-4542. [PMID: 35425515 PMCID: PMC8981050 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, accurate and fast method was developed for the assessment of 3-nitrotyrosine as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) using a (Eu(TTA)3Phen) photo probe. 3-Nitrotyrosine can remarkably quench the luminescence intensity of the (Eu(TTA)3Phen) complex in DMSO at pH = 9 and λem = 617 nm. The quenching of the luminescence intensity of (Eu(TTA)3Phen) complex particularly the electrical emission band at λem = 617 nm is used for the assessment of 3-nitrotyrosine in different serum samples of patients with liver cirrhosis. A simple, accurate and fast method was developed for the assessment of 3-nitrotyrosine as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) using a (Eu(TTA)3Phen) photo probe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmed S Attia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Nour A Abdel-Sattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram H Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt El Sherouk City Cairo Egypt
| | - Safwat A Mahmoud
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona N Abou-Omar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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13
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Fuentes-Lemus E, Hägglund P, López-Alarcón C, Davies MJ. Oxidative Crosslinking of Peptides and Proteins: Mechanisms of Formation, Detection, Characterization and Quantification. Molecules 2021; 27:15. [PMID: 35011250 PMCID: PMC8746199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent crosslinks within or between proteins play a key role in determining the structure and function of proteins. Some of these are formed intentionally by either enzymatic or molecular reactions and are critical to normal physiological function. Others are generated as a consequence of exposure to oxidants (radicals, excited states or two-electron species) and other endogenous or external stimuli, or as a result of the actions of a number of enzymes (e.g., oxidases and peroxidases). Increasing evidence indicates that the accumulation of unwanted crosslinks, as is seen in ageing and multiple pathologies, has adverse effects on biological function. In this article, we review the spectrum of crosslinks, both reducible and non-reducible, currently known to be formed on proteins; the mechanisms of their formation; and experimental approaches to the detection, identification and characterization of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (P.H.)
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (P.H.)
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (P.H.)
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14
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Fuentes-Lemus E, Jiang S, Hägglund P, Davies MJ. High concentrations of casein proteins exacerbate radical chain reactions and increase the extent of oxidative damage. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Fuentes-Lemus E, Reyes JS, Gamon LF, López-Alarcón C, Davies MJ. Effect of macromolecular crowding on protein oxidation: Consequences on the rate, extent and oxidation pathways. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102202. [PMID: 34856437 PMCID: PMC8640551 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems are heterogeneous and crowded environments. Such packed milieus are expected to modulate reactions both inside and outside the cell, including protein oxidation. In this work, we explored the effect of macromolecular crowding on the rate and extent of oxidation of Trp and Tyr, in free amino acids, peptides and proteins. These species were chosen as they are readily oxidized and contribute to damage propagation. Dextran was employed as an inert crowding agent, as this polymer decreases the fraction of volume available to other (macro)molecules. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that dextran enhanced the rate of oxidation of free Trp, and peptide Trp, elicited by AAPH-derived peroxyl radicals. For free Trp, the rates of oxidation were 15.0 ± 2.1 and 30.5 ± 3.4 μM min-1 without and with dextran (60 mg mL-1) respectively. Significant increases were also detected for peptide-incorporated Trp. Dextran increased the extent of Trp consumption (up to 2-fold) and induced short chain reactions. In contrast, Tyr oxidation was not affected by the presence of dextran. Studies on proteins, using SDS-PAGE and LC-MS, indicated that oxidation was also affected by crowding, with enhanced amino acid loss (45% for casein), chain reactions and altered extents of oligomer formation. The overall effects of dextran-mediated crowding were however dependent on the protein structure. Overall, these data indicate that molecular crowding, as commonly encountered in biological systems affect the rates, and extents of oxidation, and particularly of Trp residues, illustrating the importance of appropriate choice of in vitro systems to study biological oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Juan Sebastián Reyes
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luke F Gamon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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16
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Chen Y, Callanan M, Shanahan C, Tobin J, Gamon LF, Davies MJ, Giblin L, Brodkorb A. The Use of Membrane Filtration to Increase Native Whey Proteins in Infant Formula. Dairy 2021; 2:515-29. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy2040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of membrane filtration during infant milk formula (IMF) processing represents an innovative approach to increasing native protein content compared to standard IMF. The objective of this study was to compare IMF powder produced using a standard process and IMF produced from raw bovine skim milk with added whey protein isolate using a split-stream process incorporating a ceramic 1.4 μm filter followed by a polyvinylidene difluoride polymeric 0.2 μm filter. Retentates from 0.2 μm microfiltration (MF) were blended with fat, lactose, and minerals and subsequently high-temperature treated (125 °C × 5 s). The heat-treated retentate was merged with the permeate from the 0.2 μm MF, homogenised, and spray-dried (referred to as membrane-filtered IMF or MEM-IMF). A control IMF was also produced using standard treatment (referred to as high-temperature IMF or HT-IMF) without membrane filtration. Both IMF products were characterised by high-performance liquid chromatography, particle size, and enzyme activity assays. MEM-IMF powder had significantly higher amounts of native (1.1 g per 100 g powder) and monomeric (1.48 g per 100 g powder) whey proteins when compared to 0.18 and 0.46 g per 100 g powder in HT-IMF, respectively. MEM-IMF also exhibited a lower degree of protein aggregation compared to HT-IMF. Comparison of microbial and Maillard by-products markers demonstrated that a safe IMF product could be produced at scale, although levels of the Maillard by-product marker, carboxymethyl-lysine, were not significantly reduced in MEM-IMF. This study demonstrates how membrane filtration can be used to retain native proteins during IMF manufacture.
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17
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Poojary MM, Tiwari BK, Lund MN. Selective and sensitive UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS method to quantify protein oxidation markers. Talanta 2021; 234:122700. [PMID: 34364496 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A targeted UHPLC-MS/MS isotopic dilution method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of 18 different free and protein-bound aromatic amino acid oxidation products in food and biological matrices. All analytes, including critical isomeric pairs of Tyr, o-Tyr, m-Tyr, and dioxyindolylalanine diastereomers were chromatographically resolved to obtain high selectivity, without the need for derivatizing or ion pairing agents. The results of method validation showed adequate retention time reproducibility [0.1-0.6% coefficient of variation (CV) for over 224 injections], accuracy (within ±1-20% of the nominal concentration), and precision (1-17% CV) for all target analytes. The lower limit of quantification was calculated in different matrices using both the Hubaux-Vos approach and accuracy and precision data showing values in the range of 0.2-15 ng/mL. Use of stable isotope-labelled internal standards compensated errors due to matrix effects and artefactual degradation of analytes. Both acid and enzymatic hydrolyses were tested to obtain the best possible results for the quantification of protein oxidation products, demonstrating the stability of target analytes under hydrolytic conditions. The method was successfully applied to quantify target analytes in serum, tissue, milk, infant formula, pork liver pâté, chicken meat and fish. The method was also applied to assess the role of Fenton's reagent in oxidizing Trp, Phe and Tyr residues in different proteins, with results showing o-Tyr, dioxyindolylalanine diastereomers, kynurenine, dityrosine being the main oxidation products. The Fenton chemistry favored the formation of o-Tyr over m-Tyr from Phe with 2-36 folds higher yields. 3-Nitrotyrosine, a marker of protein nitration, was also detected in samples treated with Fenton's reagent.
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18
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Reyes JS, Fuentes-Lemus E, Aspée A, Davies MJ, Monasterio O, López-Alarcón C. M. jannaschii FtsZ, a key protein in bacterial cell division, is inactivated by peroxyl radical-mediated methionine oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:53-66. [PMID: 33588048 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation and inactivation of FtsZ is of interest due to the key role of this protein in bacterial cell division. In the present work, we studied peroxyl radical (from AAPH, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride) mediated oxidation of the highly stable FtsZ protein (MjFtsZ) from M. jannaschii, a thermophilic microorganism. MjFtsZ contains eleven Met, and single Tyr and Trp residues which would be expected to be susceptible to oxidation. We hypothesized that exposure of MjFtsZ to AAPH-derived radicals would induce Met oxidation, and cross-linking (via di-Tyr and di-Trp formation), with concomitant loss of its functional polymerization and depolymerization (GTPase) activities. Solutions containing MjFtsZ and AAPH (10 or 100 mM) were incubated at 37 °C for 3 h. Polymerization/depolymerization were assessed by light scattering, while changes in mass were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Amino acid consumption was quantified by HPLC with fluorescence detection, or direct fluorescence (Trp). Oxidation products and modifications at individual Met residues were quantified by UPLC with mass detection. Oxidation inhibited polymerization-depolymerization activity, and yielded low levels of irreversible protein dimers. With 10 mM AAPH only Trp and Met were consumed giving di-alcohols, kynurenine and di-Trp (from Trp) and the sulfoxide (from Met). With 100 mM AAPH low levels of Tyr oxidation (but not di-Tyr formation) were also observed. Correlation with the functional analyses indicates that Met oxidation, and particularly Met164 is the key driver of MjFtsZ inactivation, probably as a result of the position of this residue at the protein-protein interface of longitudinal interactions and in close proximity to the GTP binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastián Reyes
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Aspée
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Octavio Monasterio
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Fleszar MG, Fortuna P, Zawadzki M, Kosyk B, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Simultaneous LC-MS/MS-Based Quantification of Free 3-Nitro-l-tyrosine, 3-Chloro-l-tyrosine, and 3-Bromo-l-tyrosine in Plasma of Colorectal Cancer Patients during Early Postoperative Period. Molecules 2020; 25:E5158. [PMID: 33167555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification with satisfactory specificity and sensitivity of free 3-Nitro-l-tyrosine (3-NT), 3-Chloro-l-tyrosine (3-CT), and 3-Bromo-l-tyrosine (3-BT) in biological samples as potential inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer biomarkers is analytically challenging. We aimed at developing a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method for their simultaneous analysis without an extract purification step by solid-phase extraction. Validation of the developed method yielded the following limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for 3-NT, 3-BT, and 3-CT: 0.030, 0.026, 0.030 ng/mL (LODs) and 0.100, 0.096, 0.098 ng/mL (LOQs). Coefficients of variation for all metabolites and tested concentrations were <10% and accuracy was within 95-105%. Method applicability was tested on colorectal cancer patients during the perioperative period. All metabolites were significantly higher in cancer patients than healthy controls. The 3-NT was significantly lower in advanced cancer and 3-BT showed a similar tendency. Dynamics of 3-BT in the early postoperative period were affected by type of surgery and presence of surgical site infections. In conclusion, a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of free 3-NT, 3-BT, and 3-CT in human plasma has been developed.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as “an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, leading to a disruption of redox signaling and control and/or molecular damage”. This Commentary presents basic features of this global concept which has attracted interest in biology and medicine. The term “antioxidants” in cellular defense against oxidants predominantly includes antioxidant enzymes with their substrates and coenzymes. Exogenous low-molecular-mass compounds also have a role, but this is more limited. Multiple biomarkers of damage due to oxidative stress have been identified for different molecular classes (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and DNA), and the current state of practical aspects in health and disease is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, University Street 1, Bldg 22.04, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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He J, Becares ER, Thulstrup PW, Gamon LF, Pedersen JN, Otzen D, Gourdon P, Davies MJ, Hägglund P. Peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) modifies the structure of anastellin and influences its capacity to polymerize fibronectin. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101631. [PMID: 32807731 PMCID: PMC7364157 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastellin (AN), a fragment of the first type III module in fibronectin (FN), initiates formation of superfibronectin, a polymer which resembles the native cell-derived fibrillar FN found in the extracellular matrix of many tissues, but which displays remarkably different functional properties. Here we demonstrate that exposure of AN to the biologically-important inflammatory oxidant, peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), either as a bolus or formed at low levels in a time-dependent manner from SIN-1, impairs the capability of AN to polymerize FN. In contrast, exposure of FN to ONOOH does not seem to affect superfibronectin formation to the same extent. This oxidant-induced loss-of-function in AN occurs in a dose-dependent manner, and correlates with structural perturbations, loss of the amino acid tyrosine and tryptophan, and dose-dependent formation of modified amino acid side-chains (3-nitrotyrosine, di-tyrosine and 6-nitrotryptophan). Reagent ONOOH also induces formation of oligomeric species which decrease in the presence of bicarbonate, whereas SIN-1 mainly generates dimers. Modifications were detected at sub-stoichiometric (0.1-fold), or greater, molar excesses of oxidant compared to AN. These species have been localized to specific sites by peptide mass mapping. With high levels of oxidant (>100 times molar excess), ONOOH also induces unfolding of the beta-sheet structure of AN, thermal destabilization, and formation of high molecular mass aggregates. These results have important implications for the understanding of FN fibrillogenesis in vivo, and indicates that AN is highly sensitive to pathophysiological levels of oxidants such as ONOOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Ramos Becares
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Luke F Gamon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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