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Siedt M, Vonhoegen D, Smith KEC, Roß-Nickoll M, van Dongen JT, Schäffer A. Fermented biochar has a markedly different effect on fate of pesticides in soil than compost, straw, and a mixed biochar-product. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140298. [PMID: 37758091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge about how biochars affect the fate of pesticides in soil is based on studies that used pure biochars. After finding that an additional biological post-pyrolysis treatment, such as co-composting or lactic fermentation, is required for biochars for superior performance in temperate arable soils, a knowledge gap formed of how such further processed biochar products would affect the fate of pesticides in soil. This study compared the effects of a novel fermented biochar alone or mixed with biogas residues on the fate of two pesticides, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and metalaxyl-M, in a temperate arable soil to the traditional organic amendments wheat straw and compost. The fate of 14C-labeled MCPA was markedly affected in different ways. Fermented biochar effectively reduced the water-extractability and mineralization due to adsorption that was comparable to adsorption strengths reported for pure biochars. However, this effect was weak for the biochar mixed with biogas residues. Straw reduced water-extractable amounts due to increased biodegradation and formation of likely biogenic non-extractable residues of MCPA. In contrast, compost decelerated mineralization and increased the water solubility of the MCPA residues due to released dissolved organic matter. The amendments' effects were minor regarding 14C-metalaxyl-M, except for the fermented biochar which again reduced water-extractability and delayed degradation due to adsorption. Thus, the effects of the organic amendments differed for the two pesticide compounds with only the fermented biochar's effect being similar for both. However, this effect was no longer present in the mixed product containing 20% biochar. Our findings clearly show that biologically treated biochar-containing products can affect the fate of pesticides in soil very differently, also when compared to traditional organic amendments. Such impacts and their desirable and undesirable ecotoxicological implications need to be considered before the large-scale application of biochars to temperate arable soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Siedt
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Molecular Ecology of the Rhizosphere, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Denise Vonhoegen
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kilian E C Smith
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Molecular Ecology of the Rhizosphere, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Li S, Zhang Z, Zhang C, He Y, Yi X, Chen Z, Hassaan MA, Nemr AE, Huang M. Novel hydrophilic straw biochar for the adsorption of neonicotinoids: kinetics, thermodynamics, influencing factors, and reuse performance. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:29143-29153. [PMID: 36414889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitenpyram (NIT) is the most water-soluble neonicotinoid (NEO). It has been shown to pose a serious threat to human health and the environment but was always ignored due to its limited market share. There were few experts who studied NIT's transport behavior on biochar. In this study, two types of biochar were co-activated separately using zinc chloride combined with phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide combined with acetic acid, marked as ZBC and KBC. Characterizations suggested that hydrophilic ZBC and KBC had more surface functional groups than unmodified biochar (BC), and specific surface areas of ZBC (456.406 m2·g-1) and KBC (750.588 m2·g-1) were significantly higher than of BC (67.181 m2·g-1). The pore structures of KBC and ZBC were hierarchical porous structures with different pore sizes and typical microporous structure, respectively. The adsorption performance of either NIT or IMI on KBC was better than that on ZBC. Only 0.4 g·L-1 of KBC can absorb 89.62% of NIT in just 5 min. The equilibrium adsorption amounts of NIT on ZBC and KBC were 17.995 mg·g-1 and 82.910 mg·g-1. Elovich and Langmuir models were used to evaluate the whole adsorption process, which was attributed to the chemisorption mechanism. In addition, removal rates of NIT were negatively correlated to NIT's initial concentration and positively correlated to the dose of biochar. pH had almost no effect on adsorption, but the presence of salt ions can inhibit the removal of NIT. Long-term stabilities of biochars were also acceptable. These findings will promote the development in the preparation of biochar fields and provide a positive reference value for NEO removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhen Li
- School of Civil & Architecture Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- School of Civil & Architecture Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian He
- BASIS International School, Guangzhou, 510663, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, P.O. 21556, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, P.O. 21556, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co, Ltd, Qingyuan, 511517, People's Republic of China.
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Hasnain M, Munir N, Abideen Z, Zulfiqar F, Koyro HW, El-Naggar A, Caçador I, Duarte B, Rinklebe J, Yong JWH. Biochar-plant interaction and detoxification strategies under abiotic stresses for achieving agricultural resilience: A critical review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114408. [PMID: 36516621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable climatic perturbations, the expanding industrial and mining sectors, excessive agrochemicals, greater reliance on wastewater usage in cultivation, and landfill leachates, are collectively causing land degradation and affecting cultivation, thereby reducing food production globally. Biochar can generally mitigate the unfavourable effects brought about by climatic perturbations (drought, waterlogging) and degraded soils to sustain crop production. It can also reduce the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of pollutants in contaminated soils via the immobilization of inorganic and/or organic contaminants, commonly through surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, adsorption, and co-precipitation. When biochar is applied to soil, it typically neutralizes soil acidity, enhances cation exchange capacity, water holding capacity, soil aeration, and microbial activity. Thus, biochar has been was widely used as an amendment to ameliorate crop abiotic/biotic stress. This review discusses the effects of biochar addition under certain unfavourable conditions (salinity, drought, flooding and heavy metal stress) to improve plant resilience undergoing these perturbations. Biochar applied with other stimulants like compost, humic acid, phytohormones, microbes and nanoparticles could be synergistic in some situation to enhance plant resilience and survivorship in especially saline, waterlogged and arid conditions. Overall, biochar can provide an effective and low-cost solution, especially in nutrient-poor and highly degraded soils to sustain plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hasnain
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neelma Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan.
| | - Hans Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.
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Haider FU, Wang X, Zulfiqar U, Farooq M, Hussain S, Mehmood T, Naveed M, Li Y, Liqun C, Saeed Q, Ahmad I, Mustafa A. Biochar application for remediation of organic toxic pollutants in contaminated soils; An update. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 248:114322. [PMID: 36455351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of organic contaminants has become a major environmental concern in the last few years, due to its bio-resistance and potential to accumulate in the environment. The use of diverse technologies, involving chemical and physical principles, and passive uptake utilizing sorption using ecofriendly substrates have drawn a lot of interest. Biochar has got attention mainly due to its simplicity of manufacturing, treatment, and disposal, as it is a less expensive and more efficient material, and has a lot of potential for the remediation of organic contaminants. This review highlighted the adverse impact of persistent organic pollutants on the environment and soil biota. The utilization of biochar to remediate soil and contaminated compounds i.e., pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, antibiotics, and organic dyes has also been discussed. The soil application of biochar has a significant impact on the biodegradation, leaching, and sorption/desorption of organic contaminants. The sorption/desorption of organic contaminants is influenced by chemical composition and structure, porosity, surface area, pH, and elemental ratios, and surface functional groups of biochar. All the above biochar characteristics depend on the type of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. However, the concentration and nature of organic pollutants significantly alters the sorption capability of biochar. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of biochar and soils/wastewater, and the nature of organic contaminants, should be evaluated before biochar application to soil and wastewater. Future initiatives, however, are needed to develop biochars with better adsorption capacity, and long-term sustainability for use in the xenobiotic/organic contaminant remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yuelin Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Qudsia Saeed
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Wang P, Cao J, Mao L, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Jiang H, Zheng Y, Liu X. Effect of H 3PO 4-modified biochar on the fate of atrazine and remediation of bacterial community in atrazine-contaminated soil. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158278. [PMID: 36029817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of chemically modified biochar is a promising strategy for the remediation of contaminated (e.g., pesticides) soil. In this study, H3PO4 was used to modify peanut shell to improve the remediation performance of biochar. Surface area (980.19 m2/g), pore volume (0.12 cm3/g), and the functional groups (OH, CO, and phosphorus-containing groups) on the biochar were increased by H3PO4 treatment. The sorption experimental data were well fitted by Freundlich model, while the sorption affinity (Kf) of H3PO4 modified biochar (PBC) for atrazine was 128 times greater than that of the untreated biochar (BC) in the aquatic systems. The Kf values of PBC-amended soil to atrazine were increased by 13.57 times than that of single soil. The strong sorption of PBC on atrazine delayed the degradation of atrazine in soil, and the residual percentage of atrazine in soil and soil-PBC mixture were 4.90% and 71.44% at the end of 60-day incubation, with the degradation half-life increased from 13.3 to 121.6 d. The analysis of high-throughput sequencing results showed that atrazine reduced the diversity of soil microbial community, but the abundance of microorganisms with degradation function increased and became dominant species. The addition of PBC in soil accelerated the microbial remediation of atrazine stress, which may promote the soil nitrogen cycle. Therefore, amendment of atrazine contaminated soil with PBC can reduce the environmental risk of atrazine and benefit the soil microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junli Cao
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yavari S, Kamyab H, Binti Abd Manan TS, Chelliapan S, Asadpour R, Yavari S, Sapari NB, Baloo L, Sidik ABC, Kirpichnikova I. Bio-efficacy of imidazolinones in weed control in a tropical paddy soil amended with optimized agrowaste-derived biochars. Chemosphere 2022; 303:134957. [PMID: 35588885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a black carbon sorbent that has the ability to stabilize organic substances in soil and, therefore, the potential to reduce their bio-availability. This sustainable material can be produced from locally-available agro wastes. The present study, for the first time, investigated the effects of biochars produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and rice husk (RH) on the efficiency of imazapic and imazapyr (two polar members of imidazolinone herbicides) as well as Onduty®, a mixture of them. It was executed in a Malaysian paddy field soil during a 30-day greenhouse experiment. The presence of optimized EFB and RH biochars in the heavy soil generally increases weed seeds germination and plants growth due to stabilization of the herbicides. The effect of EFB biochar was found higher than RH biochar having a higher affinity to the herbicides. An increase in the biochars application rates enhanced their effects as a soil modifier. Differences were more significant in the higher herbicides doses. Efficacies of all the herbicides were generally decreased in the biochar-amended soils. In the presence of 0.5% biochar in soil, the GR50 values for all herbicides were almost similar to biochar-free soil. In a 1.0% biochar-soil mixture, GR50 values of the herbicides increased by about 1.5 times. Bio-efficacies of the herbicides decreased by around 2.0 times as the biochar application rate enhanced to 2.0%. The greatest GR50 values were obtained in the presence of 4.0% biochar in the soils and were about 7.0-8.5 folds, indicating the high capability of amended soil in the stabilization of the herbicides. The findings of this study can help to reduce imidazolinones' pollution and, in this way, prevent the threats of their residues to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Yavari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Electric Power Station, Network, and Supply System, South Ural State University, (National Research University), 76 Prospekt Lenina, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jln Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robabeh Asadpour
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sara Yavari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Nasiman Bin Sapari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Lavania Baloo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Azwadi Bin Che Sidik
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Irina Kirpichnikova
- Electric Power Station, Network, and Supply System, South Ural State University, (National Research University), 76 Prospekt Lenina, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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Lu Q, Shen Z, Zheng K, Chang Q, Xue J, Wu X. Estimating the bioavailability of acetochlor to wheat using in situ pore water and passive sampling. Sci Total Environ 2022; 833:155239. [PMID: 35421494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of acetochlor in China leads to its extensive existence in soil which may result in contamination of crops and commodities. Therefore, it is vital to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of acetochlor to crops. In this study, four measurements involved in in situ pore water extraction (CIPW), passive sampling extraction (Cfree), ex situ pore water extraction (CEPW), and organic solvent extraction (Csoil) were conducted to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of acetochlor to wheat plant plants in five soils. The results showed that the acetochlor concentrations accumulated in wheat foliage and roots were in the range of 0.11-0.87 mg/kg and 0.09-2.02 mg/kg in the five tested soils, respectively, and had a significant correlation with the acetochlor values analyzed by CIPW (R2 = 0.83-0.90, p < 0.0001) or the Cfree method (R2 = 0.86-0.92, p < 0.0001). The acetochlor concentrations in the five soils measured by these two methods were also correlated with the IC50 values of acetochlor in wheat foliage and roots (R2 > 0.69, p ≤ 0.05). The results indicated that the CIPW and Cfree methods were effective in evaluating acetochlor toxicity to wheat and the acetochlor concentrations in wheat. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties including pH, organic matter content (OMC), clay content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) on the acetochlor toxicity to wheat were analyzed, and soil OMC was found to be the dominant factor affecting the toxicity of acetochlor in the soil-wheat system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China.
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Wyszkowska J, Borowik A, Zaborowska M, Kucharski J. Mitigation of the Adverse Impact of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc on Soil Microorganisms and Enzymes by Mineral Sorbents. Materials 2022; 15:ma15155198. [PMID: 35955133 PMCID: PMC9369485 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the influence of heavy metals on soil health, the search for effective, eco-friendly, and economically viable remediation substances is far from over. This encouraged us to carry out a study under strictly controlled conditions to test the effects of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ added to soil in amounts of 150 mg·kg−1 d.m. of soil on the soil microbiome, on the activity of two oxidoreductases and five hydrolases, and on the growth and development of the sunflower Helianthus annunus L. The remediation substances were a molecular sieve, halloysite, sepiolite, expanded clay, zeolite, and biochar. It has been demonstrated that the most severe turbulences in the soil microbiome, its activity, and the growth of Helianthus annunus L. were caused by Ni2+, followed by Cu2+, and the mildest negative effect was produced by Zn2+. The adverse impact of heavy metals on the soil microbiome and its activity was alleviated by the applied sorbents. Their application also contributed to the increased biomass of plants, which is significant for the successful phytoextraction of these metals from soil. Irrespective of which property was analysed, sepiolite can be recommended for the remediation of soil polluted with Ni2+ and zeolite—for soil polluted with Cu2+ and Zn2+. Both sorbents mitigated to the highest degree disturbances caused by the tested metals in the soil environment.
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Sun S, Ren D, Lei W, Zhou X. Experiment and Model Study on the Destination of 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol in the Purple Soil of Southwestern China with a High Ratio of Biochar Applied. Sustainability 2022; 14:8712. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), the main degradation production of the pesticide chlorpyrifos and the herbicide triclopyr, features anti-degradation and high water solubility that challenge the in situ prevention of the migration of TCP from soils to water bodies. Biochar is a widely used amendment, but previous studies focused on the low content of biochar application that restricted the off-site prevention. In this study, therefore, both experiments and models were employed to explore the destination of TCP in purple soil, an Entisol with low organic matter content, large pores, and high water conductivity in southwestern China with a high ratio of biochar applied. Soil columns were homogeneously packed by mixing biochar at 0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, then the impulsive input of the breakthrough curves was used to explore the adsorption and desorption process of TCP, and the release of adsorbed TCP was traced by Br−. Following the dynamic outflow during the adsorption processes was simulated using the cumulative distribution function of gamma distribution, and the release of TCP was simulated by coupling the mass balance equation and first-order decay kinetics equation. The results revealed that the adsorption ability of the soil increased exponentially with the content of mixed biochar, implying a much larger increment at high content. For the removal rate of 90%, e.g., the increment was about 20 mg/kg when the content of biochar was raised from 15% to 20%, while it was about 7 mg/kg when the content was raised from 0 to 5%. The dynamic release and the unreleasable TCP could be well simulated by the first-order decay kinetics equation and the logarithmic model, respectively. The releasable TCP showed an increase–decrease pattern, and the maximum was observed at a 5% biochar content. These results above will provide a systematic experimental scheme, model support, and data reference to control organic pollutants with high solubility, stability, and strong migration using biochar in an off-site pattern such as an ecological ditch system.
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Farooq S, Yasmeen T, Niaz A, Rizwan M, Ali S. Rice straw biochar in combination with farmyard manure mitigates bromoxynil toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Chemosphere 2022; 295:133854. [PMID: 35122820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide residues in agriculture commodities are a serious threat for human health and crop production. We investigated the efficient utilization of rice straw biochar and farmyard manure as organic amendments in mitigating the bromoxynil residues in leaves, grain, husk and root tissues of wheat plants. Growth and yield of wheat plants were also examined under field conditions through a 02-year field experiment. The experiment was set up using two wheat cultivars (Faisalabad-08 and Galaxy-2013) as main plot factors and different formulations of biochar and farmyard manure as sub-plot factors in a randomized complete Block design (split plot arrangement) with 03 replications. Different formulations of biochar (BC) and farmyard manure (FYM) i.e., 100 BC: 00 FYM, 75 BC: 25 FYM, 50 BC: 50 FYM, 25 BC: 75 FYM, 00 BC: 100 FYM and 00 BC: 00 FYM as control were prepared and mixed with soil (2% m/m) at the time of sowing. The wheat crop was sprayed with recommended dose (Buctril Super 60 EC, 825 mL ha-1) of bromoxynil 40 days after sowing of the crop. Grain, husk, and root samples were collected at maturity while leave samples were taken 10 days after the herbicide application. Results revealed that the organic amendments significantly reduced the bromoxynil concentration in different tissues of wheat plant besides increasing the growth and yield of plants. The highest concentration of bromoxynil residues was found in control treatment whereas; sole biochar (100 BC:00 FYM) reduced the herbicide residues up to 78% in grain and husk of wheat, 40% in leaves and 64% in root tissues along with 41-44% increase in the grain yield. So, rice straw biochar along with farmyard manure could be considered as a promising option for mitigating the residual herbicide issues in the crop plants along with increase in the yield of wheat crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdullah Niaz
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Haider FU, Wang X, Farooq M, Hussain S, Cheema SA, Ain NU, Virk AL, Ejaz M, Janyshova U, Liqun C. Biochar application for the remediation of trace metals in contaminated soils: Implications for stress tolerance and crop production. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 230:113165. [PMID: 34998263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In modern agriculture and globalization, the release of trace metals from manufacturing effluents hinders crop productivity by polluting the atmosphere and degrading food quality. Sustaining food safety in polluted soils is critical to ensure global food demands. This review describes the negative effects of trace metals stress on plant growth, physiology, and yield. Furthermore, also explains the potential of biochar in the remediation of trace metal's contaminations in plants by adoption of various mechanisms such as reduction, ion exchange, electrostatic forces of attraction, precipitation, and complexation. Biochar application enhances the overall productivity, accumulation of biomass, and photosynthetic activity of plants through the regulation of various biochemical and physiological mechanisms of plants cultivated under trace metals contaminated soil. Moreover, biochar scavenges the formation of reactive oxygen species, by activating antioxidant enzyme production i.e., ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, etc. The application of biochar also improves the synthesis of stressed proteins and proline contents in plants thus maintaining the osmoprotectant and osmotic potential of the plant under contaminates stress. Integrated application of biochar with other amendments i.e., microorganisms and plant nutrients to improve trace metal remediation potential of biochar and improving crop production was also highlighted in this review. Moreover, future research needs regarding the application of biochar have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mukkaram Ejaz
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Uulzhan Janyshova
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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12
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Zhao Y, Qamar SA, Qamar M, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Sustainable remediation of hazardous environmental pollutants using biochar-based nanohybrid materials. J Environ Manage 2021; 300:113762. [PMID: 34543967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a well-known carbon material with diversified functionalities and excellent physicochemical characteristics with high wastewater treatment potential. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the development of biochar and biochar-based nanohybrid materials as a potential tool for the removal of harmful organic compounds such as synthetic dyes/effluents. The formation of biochar using pyrolysis of renewable feedstocks and their applications in various industries are explained hereafter. The characteristics and construction of biochar-based hybrid materials are explained in detail. Diversity of feedstocks, including municipal wastes, industrial byproducts, agricultural, and forestry residues, endows different biochar types with a wide structural variety. The production of cost-effective biochar drives the interest in manipulating biochars and induces desire functionality using nanoscale reinforcements. Various types of biochars, such as magnetic biochar, layered nanomaterial coated biochar, nanometallic oxide composites, chemically and physically functionalized biochar, have been produced. With the aid of nanomaterial, hybrid biochar exhibits a high potential to remove toxic contaminants. Depending upon biochar type, dyes/effluents can be removed via different mechanisms, including the Fenton process, photocatalytic degradation, π-π interaction, electrostatic interaction, and physical adsorption. In conclusion, desired physicochemical features, and tunable surface properties of biochar present high potential material in removing organic dyes and other effluents. The blended biochar with different materials/nanomaterials endows broader development and multi-functional opportunities for treating dyes/effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahpara Qamar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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13
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Chang X, Song Z, Xu Y, Gao M. Response of soil characteristics to biochar and Fe-Mn oxide-modified biochar application in phthalate-contaminated fluvo-aquic soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 225:112755. [PMID: 34500388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) derived from agricultural biomass is effective at immobilizing phthalate in the agricultural soil environment. In this study, we assessed the effects of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% BC and Fe-Mn oxide-modified biochar (FMBC) addition on dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) residues and biochemical characteristics in the rhizosphere soil of mature wheat polluted with DBP and DEHP using a pot experiment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surfaces and pores of BC and FMBC adhered soil mineral particles after remediation. Therefore, DBP and DEHP residues were increased in BC- and FMBC-treated soils. Illumina HiSeq sequencing showed that, compared with the control, BC and FMBC addition significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and reduced Proteobacteria. The abundance of Sphenodons and Pseudomonas, which degrade phthalates, tended to be higher in FMBC-amended soils than in BC-amended and control soils. This result may be related to an increase in available nutrients and organic matter following BC and FMBC application. Subsequently, the changes in soil bacterial abundance and community structure induced an increase in polyphenol oxidase, β-glucosidase, neutral phosphatase, and protease activity in BC and FMBC remediation. In comparison with the BC treatment, FMBC addition had a significantly positive effect on enzyme activity, and the microbial structure and was therefore more effective at immobilizing DBP and DEHP in the soil. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that FMBC is a reliable remediation material for phthalate-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, China
| | - Yalei Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, China.
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Brtnicky M, Datta R, Holatko J, Bielska L, Gusiatin ZM, Kucerik J, Hammerschmiedt T, Danish S, Radziemska M, Mravcova L, Fahad S, Kintl A, Sudoma M, Ahmed N, Pecina V. A critical review of the possible adverse effects of biochar in the soil environment. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:148756. [PMID: 34273836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has received extensive attention because of its multi-functionality for agricultural and environmental applications. Despite its many benefits, there are concerns related to the long-term safety and implications of its application, mainly because the mechanisms affecting soil and organism health are poorly quantified and understood. This work reviews 259 sources and summarises existing knowledge on biochar's adverse effects on soil from a multiangle perspective, including the physicochemical changes in soil, reduced efficiency of agrochemicals, potentially toxic substances in biochar, and effects on soil biota. Suggestions are made for mitigation measures. Mixed findings are often reported; however, the results suggest that high doses of biochar in clay soils are likely to decrease available water content, and surface application of biochar to sandy soils likely increases erosion and particulate matter emissions. Furthermore, biochar may increase the likelihood of excessive soil salinity and decreased soil fertility because of an increase in the pH of alkaline soils causing nutrient precipitation. Regarding the impact of biochar on (agro)chemicals and the role of biochar-borne toxic substances, these factors cannot be neglected because of their apparent undesirable effects on target and non-target organisms, respectively. Concerning non-target biota, adverse effects on reproduction, growth, and DNA integrity of earthworms have been reported along with effects on soil microbiome such as a shift in the fungi-to-bacteria ratio. Given the diversity of effects that biochar may induce in soil, guidelines for future biochar use should adopt a structured and holistic approach that considers all positive and negative effects of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bielska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10 719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludmila Mravcova
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Department of Agronomy, the University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Agricultural Research, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sudoma
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan
| | - Vaclav Pecina
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Yao T, Liu L, Tan S, Li H, Liu X, Zeng A, Pan L, Li X, Bai L, Liu K, Xing B. Can the multi-walled carbon nanotubes be used to alleviate the phytotoxicity of herbicides in soils? Chemosphere 2021; 283:131304. [PMID: 34467944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are commonly used globally. However, residual herbicides in soils for ages often result in phytotoxicity and serious yield loss to subsequent crops. In this paper, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were utilized to amend the herbicide polluted soil, and the adsorption performance of herbicides to MWCNTs amended soil was studied. Results indicate efficient alleviation of herbicide-induced phytotoxicity to rice and tobacco due to MWCNTs amendment. When 0.4% MWCNTs were applied, the concentration of sulfentrazone that inhibited the same rice height by 50% (IC50) increased to more than 3 times that of pure soil. When the MWCNTs were used to alleviate the phytotoxicity of quinclorac to tobacco, the MWCNTs not only alleviated the phytotoxicity of quinclorac but also promoted the growth of tobacco. The MWCNTs amended soil significantly increased the adsorption of herbicide to soil than biochar. The soil microbial analysis shows that MWCNTs had no significant effect on soil microbial community diversity, but the long-term exposure to MWCNTs could change the structure of the soil microbial community. Above all, our results highlighted the potential implication of the MWCNTs to ensure crop production by promoting crop growth and reducing the residual bioavailability of herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Lejun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Shuo Tan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Science, Changsha, 410125, PR China
| | - Aiping Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Lang Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Science, Changsha, 410125, PR China
| | - Kailin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
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Nayak T, Adhya TK, Rakshit M, Raina V. Combined biostimulation and bioaugmentation for chlorpyrifos degradation in laboratory microcosms. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:439. [PMID: 34603916 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a persistent organophosphorus pesticide (OP) used in soil ecosystem for insect control. Bioremediation process has been proven promising in degrading these toxic molecules and restoring the physio-chemical properties of soil. This work reports a laboratory microcosm study in both non-sterile & sterile conditions, conducted over a period of 56 days to examine the combined effect of additional supplements like biostimulants (BSs) such as N, P, and K in the presence of suitable carrier materials (compost, wheat straw, and corncob) along with bioaugmentation by a Ochrobactrum sp. CPD-03 on CP degradation from the contaminated soil. CP degradation was thoroughly monitored at an interval of 7 days over a period of 56 days. Results showed biostimulation and bioaugmentation along with compost as carrier material had shown higher CP degradation efficiency of 76 ± 2.8 and 74 ± 1.6% in non-sterile and sterile microcosms over a period of 56 days. Moreover, bacterial community profiling (16s rRNA and opd gene) demonstrated increased microbial counts, corroborating the efficiency of the bioremediation process. The survival of CPD-03 at the end of the assay validated its ability of colonizing modified soils. By this integrated method with compost as carrier material, bioremediation process could be enhanced for restoration CP-contaminated soils. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02980-9.
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Conrad SR, White SA, Santos IR, Sanders CJ. Assessing pesticide, trace metal, and arsenic contamination in soils and dam sediments in a rapidly expanding horticultural area in Australia. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:3189-3211. [PMID: 33534097 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial horticulture can release pesticides and trace metals/metalloids to terrestrial and aquatic environments. To assess long-term and more recent land contamination from an expanding horticultural region, we sampled soils from chemical mixing, crop production, and drainage areas, as well as retention reservoirs (dam) sediments, from 3 blueberry farms with varying land-use history in subtropical Australia. Soils were analysed for 97 different pesticides and trace metal/metalloid contents. The most recent farm had fungicides propiconazole and cyprodinil contents that may compromise soil invertebrate survival and/or nutrient recycling (5-125 mg kg-1). A site previously used to cultivate bananas had 6 dam sediment subsamples with arsenic contents over sediment quality guidelines (SQG); however, the soil content values were just below Australian health investigation levels (100 mg kg-1). Arsenic is suspected to originate from pesticide application during previous banana cultivation in the region. Dam sediment cores at all sites had mercury contents over the SQG likely due to fungicides or fertiliser impurities. Mean contents of mercury from dam sediments (141 ± 15.5 µg kg-1) were greater than terrestrial soils (78 ± 6.5 µg kg-1), and sediment profiles suggest mercury retention in anoxic sediments. Soils in chemical mixing areas at two sites were contaminated with copper and zinc which were above the national soil ecological investigation levels. Based on toxicity data, distribution, persistence, and mobility, we identified the fungicide cyprodinil, mercury, and phosphorus as contaminants of the greatest concern in this intensive horticulture area of Australia. Additional sampling (spatial, chemical speciation, biotic) is required to support mitigation efforts of the emerging contamination in the rapidly expanding blueberry farms of this region of Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Conrad
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2540, Australia.
| | - Shane A White
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2540, Australia
| | - Isaac R Santos
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2540, Australia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2540, Australia
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Chin-Pampillo JS, Perez-Villanueva M, Masis-Mora M, Mora-Dittel T, Carazo-Rojas E, Alcañiz JM, Chinchilla-Soto C, Domene X. Amendments with pyrolyzed agrowastes change bromacil and diuron's sorption and persistence in a tropical soil without modifying their environmental risk. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145515. [PMID: 33770876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of pesticides fate in tropical soils and how it could be affected by pyrolyzed biomass as amendment is limited. Combining conventional and radiotracer methods, as well as risk assessment tools, the effects of several charred agrowastes on the sorption, persistence, and ecological risk of the herbicides bromacil (BMC) and diuron (DRN) were evaluated in a tropical agricultural soil under laboratory conditions. Pineapple stubble (PS), palm oil fiber (PF), and coffee hull (CH) were charred at 300 (torrefied) and 600 °C (biochar) and applied to the soil at 10 and 20 t ha-1 rates. The sorption coefficients (Koc) in unamended soil for BMC and DRN were 18.4 and 212.1 L kg-1, respectively. The addition of torrefied PS and PF caused a 3 to 4-fold increment in BMC sorption and a 3 to 6-fold change in DRN's sorption. The only biochar that affected the sorption was PS that increased DRN's sorption 3.5 times. The application of coffee hull materials had no significant effect. In terms of degradation (half-life, DT50), for unamended soil BMC's degradation (300 days) was limited compared to DRN (73 days). Alternatively, biodegradation (mineralization half-life time, MT50) was 1278 d for BMC and 538 for DRN. While only PF and CH torrefied increased BMC's persistence, all the torrefied affected DRN's persistence. However, despite the observed effects, the predicted ecological risk was not mitigated. Our results highlight the need for scientific evidence on the use of pyrolyzed organic amendments to assess potential benefits and prevent unintended impacts in tropical agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Chin-Pampillo
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica; CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marta Perez-Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masis-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Teresita Mora-Dittel
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Elizabeth Carazo-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Josep M Alcañiz
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Chinchilla-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Xavier Domene
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Serra Húnter Fellow, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
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Chen Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Li B, Wang M. Rapid formation of pyrogenic char (biochar) with high and low sorption capacity towards organic chemicals. Environ Pollut 2021; 273:116472. [PMID: 33460877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogenic char (biochar) with a high sorption capacity (B-HSC) can sequester hazardous chemicals (e.g., phenanthrene). However, when sorption inhibits bioavailability of some functional chemicals (e.g., the herbicidal efficacy of diuron in soil), biochar with a low sorption capacity (B-LSC) is required to prevent sorption effects. The pyrolytic B-HSC generation has been reported, but information on B-LSC formation is scarce. How fast B-HSC and B-LSC could be generated is unknown until now. Here, biochars were rapidly prepared (the shortest heating time reached 5 min and the cooling time reached < 30 min) by a direct-pyrolysis method by directly exposing packaged rice straw and pine wood to 350 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C and out-of-furnace cooling at room temperature. The sorption of diuron, phenanthrene, and twelve other chemicals was investigated. B-HSCs were obtained within 30 min of rice straw pyrolysis, and the biochar Kd values quickly increased to 7-730-fold that of the raw biomass as -OH and C-O-C in (hemi)cellulose of rice straw rapidly degraded, increasing hydrophobic interactions between the char and chemicals (solubility ≤ 82.8 g/L). In contrast, B-LSCs were generated within 30 min of PW pyrolysis, and the Kd values of the biochars were 0.2-3.0-fold that of the raw biomass, as the surface area development and hydrophobicity-driven sorption were probably delayed by the late degradation of lignin aromatic C-O and phenolic -OH. Biochar amendment revealed an enhancement effect of B-HSC but not of B-LSC on soil sorption. The fast formation of B-LSC and B-HSC provides a guide to develop time- and cost-effective technique in pyrolytically producing weakly or strongly sorbing biochars for organic chemical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Malheiro C, Cardoso DN, Neves J, Lima DLD, Esteves VI, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Biochar in soil mitigates dimethoate hazard to soil pore water exposed biota. J Hazard Mater 2020; 400:123304. [PMID: 32947708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is a worldwide problem urging for mitigation. Biochar is a carbonaceous material used as soil amendment that can immobilize chemical compounds, potentially turning them unavailable for soil biota. The aim of our study was to evaluate biochar's capacity to immobilize dimethoate in soil and, therefore, decreasing the toxicity to soil organisms. Two biochar application rates (2.5% and 5% w/w) were chosen to assess dimethoate potential immobilization, looking at changes in its toxicity to the collembolan Folsomia candida and the plant Brassica rapa upon soil amendment. Complementarily, chemical analyses were performed on soil pore water. Results showed that biochar may sorb and decrease dimethoate concentrations in soil pore water, influencing dimethoate bioavailability and consequent toxicity. Contrary to dimethoate solo impact on collembolans (LC50 0.69 mg kg-1, EC50 0.46 mg kg-1), their survival rate and offspring production were not affected by dimethoate when biochar was applied, regardless of application rate (LC50 and EC50 > 1.6 mg kg-1). Shoot length, fresh and dry weights of B. rapa were less affected by dimethoate upon biochar addition (EC50 values increase for all endpoints). Our study shows that biochar may contribute to decrease dimethoate bioavailability and toxicity to soil porewater exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Malheiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Neves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana L D Lima
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Inocêncio Esteves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Duhan A, Oliver DP, Rashti MR, Du J, Kookana RS. Organic waste from sugar mills as a potential soil ameliorant to minimise herbicide runoff to the Great Barrier Reef. Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136640. [PMID: 32019023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied sorption potential for a range of herbicides using eleven waste materials (mill muds) containing organic matter (47.6 to 65.1%) produced by sugar mills and applied as soil conditioners by farmers. Sorption/desorption behaviour of five herbicides commonly used in sugarcane production (imazapic, atrazine, hexazinone, diuron and metribuzin) was studied on these mill muds, as is and after adding these to three soils at different rates (5-25%, dry weight basis). All mill muds had significant sorption capacity, especially for diuron, atrazine and metribuzin which was 6 to 26 times higher than the soil with 3.5% organic carbon (OC). Generally, sorption of the five herbicides assessed in all mill muds followed the order diuron > atrazine = metribuzin > hexazinone = imazapic. Eight out of 11 mill muds had similar sorption capacity for any given herbicides. Amending soils with selected mill muds significantly enhanced their sorption efficiency, depending on the rate of application especially in soil with low OC. Generally, application of mill muds at 5% w/w or 40 tons/ha increased sorption of studied herbicides by 2 to 10 folds. Soil amendment with mill muds also reduced the rate and extent of desorption of herbicides- especially mobile herbicides like metribuzin. Nearly 79% release of metribuzin was observed after three desorption steps in amended soil (at 5% w/w), whereas in unamended soil, 100% of metribuzin was released during first desorption step. The study demonstrates that wastes produced by sugar mills may have recycling use in enhancing the retention of mobile herbicides in soils with low OC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Duhan
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Danielle P Oliver
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Mehran Rezaei Rashti
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Du
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Water, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia.
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22
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Khalid S, Shahid M, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Asif Naeem M, Niazi NK. A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. Sci Total Environ 2020; 711:134645. [PMID: 31822404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used in the modern agricultural system. The inefficient and extensive use of pesticides during the last 5 to 6 decades inadvertently led to serious deterioration of environmental quality with health risk to living organisms, including humans. It is important to use some environmentally-friendly and sustainable approaches to remediate, restore and maintain soil quality. Biochar has gained considerable attention globally as a promising soil amendment because it has the ability to adsorb and as such minimize the bioavailability of pesticides in soils. This review emphasizes the recent trends and implications of biochar in pesticide-contaminated soils, as well as highlights need of the pesticides use and associated environmental issues in context of the biochar application. The overarching aim of this review is to signify the role of biochar on primary processes such as effect of biochar on the persistence, mineralization, leaching and efficacy of pesticides in soil. Notably, the effects of biochar on pesticide adsorption-desorption, degradation and bioavailability under various operating/production conditions are critically discussed. This review delineates the indirect impact of biochar on pesticides persistence in soils and proposes key recommendations for future research which are essential for the remediation and restoration of pesticides-impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
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23
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Xu Y, Liu J, Cai W, Feng J, Lu Z, Wang H, Franks AE, Tang C, He Y, Xu J. Dynamic processes in conjunction with microbial response to disclose the biochar effect on pentachlorophenol degradation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121503. [PMID: 31708286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorines are critical soil contaminants and the use of biochar has recently shown potential to improve soil remediation. However, little is known about biochar-microbe interactions nor the impact on environmental processes such as the immobilization and biodegradation of organochlorine compounds. In this study, we performed microcosm experiments to elucidate how biochar affected the biodegradation and sequestration of pentachlorophenol (PCP). Our results showed that the amendment of biochar markedly inhibited PCP biodegradation due to a strong sorption affinity for PCP under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Notably, the inhibitory effect was relatively weaker under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions. The addition of biochar can dramatically shift the bacterial community diversity in the PCP-spiked soils. Under aerobic conditions, biochar significantly stimulated the growth of PCP-degrading bacteria Bacillus and Sphingomonas, but reduced the opportunities for microbes to contact with PCP directly. Under anaerobic conditions, the non-strict organohalide-respiring bacteria Desulfovibrio, Anaeromyxobacter, Geobacter and Desulfomonile were the main drivers of PCP transformation. Our results imply that the use of biochar as a soil remediation strategy for organochlorine compounds should be cautious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenshan Cai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiayin Feng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ramadan MM, Asran-Amal, Abd-Elsalam KA. Micro/nano biochar for sustainable plant health: Present status and future prospects. Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-Food and Environmental Applications 2020:323-357. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819786-8.00016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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25
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Wei Z, Wang JJ, Hernandez AB, Warren A, Park JH, Meng Y, Dodla SK, Jeong C. Effect of biochar amendment on sorption-desorption and dissipation of 17α‑ethinylestradiol in sandy loam and clay soils. Sci Total Environ 2019; 686:959-967. [PMID: 31200312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure application in agricultural land has caused the release of steroid estrogens in the soil environment and further movement to aquatic systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar addition on sorption-desorption and dissipation behaviors of 17α‑ethinylestradiol (EE2) in two different textured soils. A Commerce sandy loam and a Shakey clay were selected and subjected to sterilization. Soil samples with and without sterilization were reacted with a series of EE2 solutions of different concentrations for sorption followed by desorption and quantification using HPLC-MS/MS. Long-term dissipation of EE2 in the same soils was also evaluated over a 30-d incubation. Biochar amendment increased the maximum EE2 sorption capacity but decreased its water desorption in both sandy loam and clay soils. On other hand, biochar addition increased the Koc in the clay soil which had low EE2 sorption efficiency but decreased Koc in the sandy loam which had high EE2 sorption efficiency. Biochar did significantly increase both desorbable and non-extractable fractions of EE2, while it reduced the bioavailability of EE2 to microbial degradation. The dissipation of EE2 in non-sterilized soils fit to the first-order kinetic model, whereas it was better described by zero-order kinetic for sterilized soil. Biochar increased the half-life of EE2 dissipation in non-sterilized Commerce sandy loam soil by 48% (from 3.63 to 5.37 d) and in non-sterilized Sharkey clay soil by 67% (from 2.28 to 3.81 d). Overall, this study demonstrated positive impacts of biochar on the retention of estrogen hormones in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wei
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Amy B Hernandez
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Andrea Warren
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Yili Meng
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Syam K Dodla
- Red River Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Bossier City, LA 71112, USA
| | - Changyoon Jeong
- Red River Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Bossier City, LA 71112, USA
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Rodriguez-Narvaez OM, Peralta-Hernandez JM, Goonetilleke A, Bandala ER. Biochar-supported nanomaterials for environmental applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Wu C, Liu X, Wu X, Dong F, Xu J, Zheng Y. Sorption, degradation and bioavailability of oxyfluorfen in biochar-amended soils. Sci Total Environ 2019; 658:87-94. [PMID: 30572218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of biochar amendment on the environmental fate of oxyfluorfen in soils, we evaluated the sorption, degradation and bioavailability of oxyfluorfen in various amended soils. The results showed that different biochars, i.e., derived from peanuts (BCP), chestnuts (BCC), bamboo (BCB), maize straw (BCM), or rice hull (BCR), exhibited different sorption capacities for oxyfluorfen in following the order: BCR > BCB > BCM > BCC > BCP. The sorption constant (Kf value) of the three soils (loamy clay, sandy loam, and clay loam) ranged from 62 to 116 (μg/g)/(mg/L)n and increased by 2.0- to 3.2-fold after introduction of 2% BCR. Furthermore, oxyfluorfen degraded faster in BCR-amended soil than in unamended soil, i.e., degradation increased by 1.0- to 1.4-fold with addition of 2% BCR. Introduction of BCR also decreased the oxyfluorfen uptake by soybean plants by 18-63%, and the capacity of soybeans to absorb oxyfluorfen decreased over time. Amendment with 6 months-aged BCR soil increased the uptake of oxyfluorfen by soybean plants by 2.3-fold compared with freshly prepared BCR soil. After the aging process, the observed increase in oxyfluorfen bioavailability was attributed to the reduced adsorption capacity of aged biochar. Nevertheless, BCR was effective for sequestrating oxyfluorfen as demonstrated by the fact that the adsorption capacity of biochar-amended soil after six months of aging was still 1.5- to 2.5-fold greater compared with that of unamended soil. These results demonstrate that amendment with BCR can be an effective method to modify soil and thereby decrease oxyfluorfen contamination in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wu
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin, Ministry of Agriculture, Guilin 541399, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Lonappan L, Brar SK, Yang S. Impact of biochar amendment in agricultural soils on the sorption, desorption, and degradation of pesticides: A review. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:60-70. [PMID: 30015119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive and inefficient use of pesticides over the last several decades resulted in serious soil and water contamination by imposing severe toxic effects on living organisms. Soil remediation using environment-friendly amendments to counteract the presence of pesticides in soil seems to be one suitable approach to solve this problem. Biochar has emerged as a promising material for adsorbing and thus decreasing the bioavailability of pesticides in polluted soils, due to its high porosity, surface area, pH, abundant functional groups, and highly aromatic structure, mainly depending on the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. However, biochar effects and mechanisms on the sorption and desorption of pesticides in the soil are poorly understood. Either high or low pyrolysis temperature has both positive and negative effects on sorption of pesticides in soil, one by larger surface area and the other by a large number of functional groups. Therefore, a clear understanding of these effects and mechanisms are necessary to engineer biochar production with desirable properties. This review critically evaluates the role of biochar in sorption, desorption, and degradation of pesticides in the soil, along with dominant properties of biochar including porosity and surface area, pH, surface functional groups, carbon content and aromatic structure, and mineralogical composition. Moreover, an insight into future research directions has been provided by evaluating the bioavailability of pesticide residues in the soil, effect of other contaminants on pesticide removal by biochar in soils, effect of pesticide properties on its behavior in biochar-amended soils, combined effect of biochar and soil microorganisms on pesticide degradation, and large-scale application of biochar in agricultural soils for multifunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Liu
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Linson Lonappan
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Shengmao Yang
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Abdel Ghani SB, Al-Rehiayani S, El Agamy M, Lucini L. Effects of biochar amendment on sorption, dissipation, and uptake of fenamiphos and cadusafos nematicides in sandy soil. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2652-2659. [PMID: 29761623 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of biochar to soil is supposed to alter its adsorption/desorption potential toward pesticides, thereby affecting their bioavailability and efficacy. This is particularly relevant in the case of nematicides because these pesticides are directly applied to soil. RESULTS Biochar was produced from date palm (PB) and eucalyptus (EB) waste at 450 °C and added at a rate of 1% to a sandy soil. The half-life (t½ ) of fenamiphos was increased from 2.7 to 18.3 and 18.6 days in PB- and EB-amended soils, respectively. By contrast, the half-life of cadusafos was unaffected. Freundlich Kf values increased from 1.22 and 0.39 (μg1-Nf g-1 mLNf ) to 4.49 and 6.84 in 1% PB-amended soil, and to 3.49 and 4.62 in 1% EB-amended soil for cadusafos and fenamiphos, respectively. Plant uptake of both nematicides in tomato seedlings was reduced by approximately 97% (cadusafos) and 85% (fenamiphos). Although nematicide efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita was not altered at the recommended dosage, it was negatively affected at a half-dose rate. Under these conditions, it decreased from 43.1% in unamended sandy soil to only 18.3% in 1% PB-amended soil. CONCLUSIONS Biochar addition increased the sorption capacity of soil. This resulted in a decrease of nematicide bioavailability, together with a reduction of both the dissipation rate and uptake by tomato plants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif B Abdel Ghani
- Plant Production and Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suloiman Al-Rehiayani
- Plant Production and Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa El Agamy
- Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Department, Soil, Water, and Environmental Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Li Y, Liu X, Wu X, Dong F, Xu J, Pan X, Zheng Y. Effects of biochars on the fate of acetochlor in soil and on its uptake in maize seedling. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:710-719. [PMID: 29906765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) can alter the fate and bioavailability of pesticides in soil. In this study, the effects of three types of BCs (made of crofton weed, wood chips and rice hull) on the sorption of acetochlor, a common herbicide, were investigated. The acetochlor sorption constants (Kf value) were 309.96 μg1-nLn/kg (biochars made of ricehull, BCR), 3.54 μg1-nLn/kg (biochars made of crofton weed, BCH) and 2.27 μg1-nLn/kg (biochars made of wood chips, BCW). The persistence of acetochlor was 8 times greater when 1% BCR was added to the soil. Moreover, the half-life of acetochlor increased with increasing amounts of BC in the soil. The soil was amended with BCH (made of crofton weed) for two different aging period (10 d and 20 d) to evaluate the effects of aged BC on acetochlor accumulation in maize seedlings (Zea mays L). Amendment with 10 d-aged BCH in soil decreased the bioaccumulation of acetochlor. However, the concentrations and bioconcentration factors in maize cultivated in 20 d-aged BCH-amended soils were significantly higher than those in soil with no BCH amendments and with 10 d-aged BCH amendments. These results imply that BC aged in soil for a long period can increase the bioaccumulation of acetochlor in plants and the influences of BC on environmental risks of pesticides must be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin, Ministry of Agriculture, Guilin 541399, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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He L, Fan S, Müller K, Wang H, Che L, Xu S, Song Z, Yuan G, Rinklebe J, Tsang DCW, Ok YS, Bolan NS. Comparative analysis biochar and compost-induced degradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in soils. Sci Total Environ 2018; 625:987-993. [PMID: 29996465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biochar has been extensively studied as a sorbent for immobilizing contaminants and minimizing their bioavailability in soils. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the interactions between biochar and compost in soils and their impact on degradation of organic contaminants. In the present study, soils with high organic carbon content (HOC) and low organic carbon content (LOC) were spiked with 100mg·kg-1 di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) amended with biochar derived from dead pigs, bamboo, and composted sheep manure. The soils were thereafter incubated for 112days at 25°C and periodically sampled for monitoring DEHP concentrations. Degradation of DEHP was described by a logistic model. Results showed that the initial degradation rates were slow, but accelerated after 14days of incubation. The DEHP degradation rates were higher in the HOC soils than in the LOC soils over the incubation period. The half-lives of DEHP were shorter in the LOC soils treated with pig biochar, and bamboo/pig biochar plus compost than in the untreated soil. However, there was no significant difference in the half-lives of DEHP in the HOC control and treated soils. The differential effects of soil amendments on DEHP degradation between LOC and HOC soils could be explained by the properties of the organic amendments, soil pH and the organic carbon contents of the soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi He
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shiliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Zhejiang Chengbang Landscape Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
| | - Karin Müller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Lei Che
- School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Song Xu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of the Surface-Earth System Science Research, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guodong Yuan
- Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China; Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523169, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Kong L, Gao Y, Zhou Q, Zhao X, Sun Z. Biochar accelerates PAHs biodegradation in petroleum-polluted soil by biostimulation strategy. J Hazard Mater 2018; 343:276-284. [PMID: 28988053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sawdust and wheat straw biochars prepared at 300°C and 500°C were applied to petroleum-polluted soil for an 84-day incubation to estimate their effectiveness on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal. Biochars alone were most effective at reducing PAHs contents. However, adding biochar to soils in company with NaN3 solution resulted in a decreasing trend in terms of PAHs removal, which was even lower than treatment CK without biochar. Moreover, it was discovered by PCR-DGGE files and sequencing analysis that the predominant bacterial diversity slightly decreased but the abundance of some specific taxa, including PAHs degraders, was promoted with biochar input. These results highlighted the potential of biochar application on accelerating PAHs biodegradation, which could be attributed to the properties of biochars that benefit for making the amended soil a better habitat for microbes. The impacts of biochar preparation and pollutants nature on PAHs removal were also determined. Significant reduction in the PAHs contents was detected when adding biochar prepared at a high temperature (500°C), while the feedstocks of biochar showed little effect on PAHs removal. Due to the high hydrophobicity of aromatic rings, high-molecular weight PAHs were found much more resistant to microbial degradation in comparison with low-molecular weight PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Kong
- Resource and Environment Department, Shijiazhuang University, Hebei, 050000, China; Post-Doctoral Research Station of Ecology, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Resource and Environment Department, Shijiazhuang University, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhongwei Sun
- Resource and Environment Department, Shijiazhuang University, Hebei, 050000, China
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Szmigielski AM, Hangs RD, Schoenau JJ. Bioavailability of Metsulfuron and Sulfentrazone Herbicides in Soil as Affected by Amendment with Two Contrasting Willow Biochars. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:298-302. [PMID: 29188326 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of two willow (Salix spp.) biochars, produced using either fast- or slow-pyrolysis, on the bioavailability of metsulfuron and sulfentrazone herbicides in soil. Five rates (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%; w/w) of each biochar were used, along with varying rates of metsulfuron (0-3.2 µg ai kg-1) and sulfentrazone (0-200 µg ai kg-1), followed by a sugar beet bioassay. The fast-pyrolysis biochar had minimal effect, while the slow-pyrolysis biochar decreased the bioavailability of both herbicides. Despite using the same feedstock, the two biochars had different physical and chemical properties, of which specific surface area was most contrasting (3.0 and 175 m2 g-1 for fast- and slow-pyrolysis biochar, respectively). Increased anionic herbicide adsorption associated with greater surface area of the slow-pyrolysis biochar is considered to be the primary mechanism responsible for reducing herbicide bioavailability with this biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Szmigielski
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Ryan D Hangs
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jeff J Schoenau
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Song Y, Bian Y, Wang F, Xu M, Ni N, Yang X, Gu C, Jiang X. Dynamic Effects of Biochar on the Bacterial Community Structure in Soil Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:6789-6796. [PMID: 28731707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amending soil with biochar is an effective soil remediation strategy for organic contaminants. This study investigated the dynamic effects of wheat straw biochar on the bacterial community structure during remediation by high-throughput sequencing. The wheat straw biochar amended into the soil significantly reduced the bioavailability and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Biochar amendment helped to maintain the bacterial diversity in the PAH-contaminated soil. The relationship between the immobilization of PAHs and the soil bacterial diversity fit a quadratic model. Before week 12 of the incubation, the incubation time was the main factor contributing to the changes in the soil bacterial community structure. However, biochar greatly affected the bacterial community structure after 12 weeks of amendment, and the effects were dependent upon the biochar type. Amendment with biochar mainly facilitated the growth of rare bacterial genera (relative abundance of 0.01-1%) in the studied soil. Therefore, the application of wheat straw biochar into PAH-contaminated soil can reduce the environmental risks of PAHs and benefit the soil microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Ni
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
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Cederlund H, Börjesson E, Stenström J. Effects of a wood-based biochar on the leaching of pesticides chlorpyrifos, diuron, glyphosate and MCPA. J Environ Manage 2017; 191:28-34. [PMID: 28086139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the ability of a wood-based biochar to reduce the leaching of the pesticides chlorpyrifos, diuron, glyphosate and MCPA in a sand column test system. In addition, time-dependent adsorption of the pesticides to the biochar and to the sand used in the columns was determined. The sorption kinetics was shown to be controlled by the log Kow-values of the pesticides and sorption rates varied in the order: chlorpyrifos (log Kow = 4.7) > diuron (log Kow = 2.87) > MCPA (log Kow = -0.8) > glyphosate (log Kow = -3.2). Glyphosate sorbed very weakly to the biochar but strongly to the sand. Biochar was most effective at retaining the pesticides if applied as a distinct layer rather than mixed with the sand. Leaching of diuron and MCPA was reduced by biochar application, and the retention was linearly related to the thickness of the biochar layers. However, leaching of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate was not affected by biochar addition. Leaching was low for all pesticides when the pesticides were added directly to biochar that was then added to the column. Together, our results suggest that a viable strategy for using biochar as a means to mitigate leaching of pesticides may be to use it as an adsorptive layer directly on or close to the soil surface. This would be especially useful in areas where pesticides are routinely handled and potentially spilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Cederlund
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Elisabet Börjesson
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - John Stenström
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zhelezova A, Cederlund H, Stenström J. Effect of Biochar Amendment and Ageing on Adsorption and Degradation of Two Herbicides. Water Air Soil Pollut 2017; 228:216. [PMID: 28603318 PMCID: PMC5443863 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendment can alter soil properties, for instance, the ability to adsorb and degrade different chemicals. However, ageing of the biochar, due to processes occurring in the soil over time, can influence such biochar-mediated effects. This study examined how biochar affected adsorption and degradation of two herbicides, glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine) and diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) in soil and how these effects were modulated by ageing of the biochar. One sandy and one clayey soil that had been freshly amended with a wood-based biochar (0, 1, 10, 20 and 30% w/w) were studied. An ageing experiment, in which the soil-biochar mixtures were aged for 3.5 months in the laboratory, was also performed. Adsorption and degradation were studied in these soil and soil-biochar mixtures, and compared to results from a soil historically enriched with charcoal. Biochar amendment increased the pH in both soils and increased the water-holding capacity of the sandy soil. Adsorption of diuron was enhanced by biochar amendment in both soils, while glyphosate adsorption was decreased in the sandy soil. Ageing of soil-biochar mixtures decreased adsorption of both herbicides in comparison with freshly biochar-amended soil. Herbicide degradation rates were not consistently affected by biochar amendment or ageing in any of the soils. However, glyphosate half-lives correlated with the Freundlich Kf values in the clayey soil, indicating that degradation was limited by availability there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Zhelezova
- Soil Biology Department, Soil Science Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
- V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhyovskiy lane 7 building 2, Moscow, Russian Federation 119017
| | - Harald Cederlund
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Stenström
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Bair DA, Mukome FND, Popova IE, Ogunyoku TA, Jefferson A, Wang D, Hafner SC, Young TM, Parikh SJ. Sorption of Pharmaceuticals, Heavy Metals, and Herbicides to Biochar in the Presence of Biosolids. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:1998-2006. [PMID: 27898796 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.03.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural practices are increasingly incorporating recycled waste materials, such as biosolids, to provide plant nutrients and enhance soil functions. Although biosolids provide benefits to soil, municipal wastewater treatment plants receive pharmaceuticals and heavy metals that can accumulate in biosolids, and land application of biosolids can transfer these contaminants to the soil. Environmental exposure of these contaminants may adversely affect wildlife, disrupt microbial communities, detrimentally affect human health through long-term exposure, and cause the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study considers the use of biochar co-amendments as sorbents for contaminants from biosolids. The sorption of pharmaceuticals (ciprofloxacin, triclocarban, triclosan), and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) to biochars and biochar-biosolids-soil mixtures was examined. Phenylurea herbicide (monuron, diuron, linuron) sorption was also studied to determine the potential effect of biochar on soil-applied herbicides. A softwood (SW) biochar (510°C) and a walnut shell (WN) biochar (900°C) were used as contrasting biochars to highlight potential differences in biochar reactivity. Kaolinite and activated carbon served as mineral and organic controls. Greater sorption for almost all contaminants was observed with WN biochar over SW biochar. The addition of biosolids decreased sorption of herbicides to SW biochar, whereas there was no observable change with WN biochar. The WN biochar showed potential for reducing agrochemical and contaminant transport but may inhibit the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides. This study provides support for minimizing contaminant mobility from biosolids using biochar as a co-amendment and highlights the importance of tailoring biochars for specific characteristics through feedstock selection and pyrolysis-gasification conditions.
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Liu P, Wang Q, Yan D, Fang W, Mao L, Wang D, Li Y, Ouyang C, Guo M, Cao A. Effects of Biochar Amendment on Chloropicrin Adsorption and Degradation in Soil. Energies 2016; 9:869. [DOI: 10.3390/en9110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fang W, Wang Q, Han D, Liu P, Huang B, Yan D, Ouyang C, Li Y, Cao A. The effects and mode of action of biochar on the degradation of methyl isothiocyanate in soil. Sci Total Environ 2016; 565:339-345. [PMID: 27177140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is used as a new type of fertilizer in agriculture; however, its effect on the fate of fumigants in soil is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar on methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) degradation in soil in laboratory incubation experiments, including the effects of biochar composition, amendment rate, moisture, temperature, soil sterilization and soil type. The dissipation pathways of MITC in biochars included adsorption and chemical degradation. The adsorption of MITC by biochars was positively correlated with the specific surface area (SSA) of the biochar. Biochar with a high SSA and low H/C value (such as biochar type BC-1) reduced MITC degradation in soil substantially; following BC-1 amendment, the degradation rate was 73.9% slower than in unamended soil. The degradation of MITC was positively correlated with the H/C value of biochar, and MITC degradation in soil increased 2.2-31.1 times following amendment with biochars with higher H/C values (e.g. biochar types BC-3-6). The biochar with the lowest organic matter and low H/C value did not affect the fate of MITC in soil. Biochars affect abiotic degradation processes more than biodegradation. When soil samples had a higher water content (>10%), higher temperature (40°C), and lower organic matter, the addition of BC-1 biochar reduced MITC degradation substantially; and this did not change significantly when the amendment rate increased. However, BC-4 biochar accelerated MITC degradation with increasing amendment rate, increasing temperature, and decreasing soil water content. The differences in degradation rates due to soil type were minimized by amendment with BC-4, but significant differences in BC-1. The results showed that the rational use of biochar has the potential to reduce MITC emission by accelerated degradation and adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Fang
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dawei Han
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Canbin Ouyang
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China.
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Safaei Khorram M, Zhang Q, Lin D, Zheng Y, Fang H, Yu Y. Biochar: A review of its impact on pesticide behavior in soil environments and its potential applications. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 44:269-279. [PMID: 27266324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is produced from the pyrolysis of carbon-rich plant- and animal-residues under low oxygen and high temperature conditions and has been increasingly used for its positive role in soil compartmentalization through activities such as carbon sequestration and improving soil quality. Biochar is also considered a unique adsorbent due to its high specific surface area and highly carbonaceous nature. Therefore, soil amendments with small amounts of biochar could result in higher adsorption and, consequently, decrease the bioavailability of contaminants to microbial communities, plants, earthworms, and other organisms in the soil. However, the mechanisms affecting the environmental fate and behavior of organic contaminants, especially pesticides in biochar-amended soil, are not well understood. The purpose of this work is to review the role of biochar in primary processes, such as adsorption-desorption and leaching of pesticides. Biochar has demonstrable effects on the fate and effects of pesticides and has been shown to affect the degradation and bioavailability of pesticides for living organisms. Moreover, some key aspects of agricultural and environmental applications of biochar are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Safaei Khorram
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dunli Lin
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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41
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Liu K, Yu B, Luo K, Liu X, Bai L. Reduced sulfentrazone phytotoxicity through increased adsorption and anionic species in biochar-amended soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:9956-9963. [PMID: 26865479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Burning straw in the field is a common agricultural practice. The effects of adding biochar derived from rice straw to soils on the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone to Oryza sativa L. were observed. Overall, when 1 % biochar was added to three different soils, the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone to O. sativa L. decreased, and the concentration that inhibits growth by 50 % (IC50) increased by 1.4 to 7.6 times. To illuminate the influencing mechanisms, the changes in sulfentrazone adsorption to the soil, the soil pH, and the bioavailable sulfentrazone extracted from the soil solution using hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction were studied. The Freundlich constant (K f ) of sulfentrazone to the soil increased 1.5 to 25 times relative to the K f in the three unamended soils, and the soil pH increased by 0.36 to 1.36 units resulted in a fraction of dissociated sulfentrazone increased by 10.2-17.4 %. In addition, the average concentrations of sulfentrazone in the three unamended soil solutions were 1.3-6.1 times relative to those in the three biochar-amended soil solutions. These results suggest that the sulfentrazone adsorption and soil pH increased when soils were amended with biochar, which decreased the bioavailable concentrations and reduced its phytotoxicity to O. sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingqi Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Oh SY, Yoon HS. Biochar Amendment for Reducing Leachability of Nitro Explosives and Metals from Contaminated Soils and Mine Tailings. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:993-1002. [PMID: 27136167 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mobility and bioavailability of nitro explosives (2,4-dinitrotoluene [DNT], 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [TNT], and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine [RDX]) in biochar-amended soils and toxic metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in biochar-amended mine tailings were investigated via various types of leaching procedures in laboratory-scale batch experiments. The results from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction showed that approximately 55 to 95% of the explosives were released from the contaminated soils and would thus be considered as mobile. With the addition of biochar, the extracted concentrations of explosives were reduced to less than 10% of the initial concentrations after 10 d. According to the results from a Korean waste leaching method, the TCLP method, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction, adding biochar to mine tailings reduced the extractability and bioavailability of metals. The chemical forms of the metals, types of extractants, pH, and curing period strongly affected the extractability of metals from mine tailings. The results suggest that biochar is a promising immobilizer of explosives and metals in contaminated soils and mine tailings under limited conditions.
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43
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Trigo C, Spokas KA, Hall KE, Cox L, Koskinen WC. Metolachlor Sorption and Degradation in Soil Amended with Fresh and Aged Biochars. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3141-3149. [PMID: 27050383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Addition of organic amendments such as biochar to soils can influence pesticide sorption-desorption processes and, in turn, the amount of pesticide readily availability for transport and biodegradation. Sorption-desorption processes are affected by both the physical and chemical properties of soils and pesticides, as well as soil-pesticide contact time, or aging. Changes in sorption-desorption of metolachlor with aging in soil amended with three macadamia nut shell biochars aged 0 (BCmac-fr), 1 year (BCmac-1yr), and 2 years (BCmac-2yr) and two wood biochars aged 0 (BCwood-fr) and 5 years (BCwood-5yr) were determined. Apparent sorption coefficient (Kd-app) values increased with incubation time to a greater extent in amended soil as compared to unamended soils; Kd-app increased by 1.2-fold for the unamended soil, 2.0-fold for BCwood-fr, 1.4-fold for BCwood-5yr, 2.4-fold for BCmac-fr, 2.5-fold for BCmac-1yr, and 1.9-fold for BCmac-4yr. The increase in calculated Kd-app value was the result of a 15% decrease in the metolachlor solution concentration extractable with CaCl2 solution with incubation time in soil as compared to a 50% decrease in amended soil with very little change in the sorbed concentration. Differences could possibly be due to diffusion to less accessible or stronger binding sites with time, a faster rate of degradation (in solution and on labile sites) than desorption, or a combination of the two in the amended soils. These data show that transport models would overpredict the depth of movement of metolachlor in soil if effects of aging or biochar amendments are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Trigo
- Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota , 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Kurt A Spokas
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Room 439, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Kathleen E Hall
- Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota , 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Lucia Cox
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla (IRNASE-CSIC) , Sevilla, Spain
| | - William C Koskinen
- Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota , 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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Mukherjee S, Tappe W, Weihermueller L, Hofmann D, Köppchen S, Laabs V, Schroeder T, Vereecken H, Burauel P. Dissipation of bentazone, pyrimethanil and boscalid in biochar and digestate based soil mixtures for biopurification systems. Sci Total Environ 2016; 544:192-202. [PMID: 26657365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biopurification systems, such as biofilters, are biotechnological tools to prevent point sources of pesticide pollution stemming from on-farm operations. For the purification processes pesticide sorption and mineralization and/or dissipation are essential and both largely depend on the type of filling materials and the pesticide in use. In this paper the mineralization and dissipation of three contrasting (14)C-labeled pesticides (bentazone, boscalid, and pyrimethanil) were investigated in laboratory incubation experiments using sandy soil, biochar produced from Pine woodchips, and/or digestate obtained from anaerobic digestion process using maize silage, chicken manure, beef and pig urine as feedstock. The results indicate that the addition of digestate increased pesticide mineralization, whereby the mineralization was not proportional to the digestate loads in the mixture, indicating a saturation effect in the turnover rate of pesticides. This effect was in correlation with the amount of water extractable DOC, obtained from the digestate based mixtures. Mixing biochar into the soil generally reduced total mineralization and led to larger sorption/sequestration of the pesticides, resulting in faster decrease of the extractable fraction. Also the addition of biochar to the soil/digestate mixtures reduced mineralization compared to the digestate alone mixture but mineralization rates were still higher as for the biochar/soil alone. In consequence, the addition of biochar to the soil generally decreased pesticide dissipation times and larger amounts of biochar led to high amounts of non-extractable residues of pesticide in the substrates. Among the mixtures tested, a mixture of digestate (5%) and biochar (5%) gave optimal results with respect to mineralization and simultaneous sorption for all three pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mukherjee
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Tappe
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lutz Weihermueller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Köppchen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Volker Laabs
- BASF SE, Crop Protection, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Tom Schroeder
- BASF SE, Crop Protection, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Burauel
- Sustainable Campus, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Gu J, Zhou W, Jiang B, Wang L, Ma Y, Guo H, Schulin R, Ji R, Evangelou MWH. Effects of biochar on the transformation and earthworm bioaccumulation of organic pollutants in soil. Chemosphere 2016; 145:431-437. [PMID: 26694792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of biochar on the fate and behavior of micropollutants in soil, especially in the presence of soil macrofauna. Using a 14C-tracer, we studied the fate of 2,4-dichlorophenol and phenanthrene, after 30 days in soil in the presence of a biochar (0-5%, dry weight) produced from China fir at 400 °C and/or the earthworm Metaphire guillelmi. Application of the biochar significantly reduced the degradation and mineralization of both pollutants and strongly increased the accumulation of their metabolites in soil. The earthworm had no significant effects on the degradation of parent molecules of the pollutants but it significantly reduced the mineralization of the pollutants independent of the presence of the biochar. Although at an application rate of <1% the biochar strongly sorbed both pollutants, it did not significantly decrease the bioaccumulation of free dichlorophenol and phenanthrene and their metabolites by the earthworm. Our results demonstrate the complex effects of biochar on the fate, transformation, and earthworm bioaccumulation of organic pollutants in soil. They show that biochar application may not be an appropriate strategy for treating soil contaminated with hydrophobic organic pollutants and underline the importance of soil-feeding earthworms in risk assessments of biochar effects on soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqi Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, No.10, Huan Bei San Cun, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yini Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Rainer Schulin
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China; Institute for Marine Sciences & Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, 210093 Nanjing, China.
| | - Michael W H Evangelou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, 210023 Nanjing, China; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Ren X, Zhang P, Zhao L, Sun H. Sorption and degradation of carbaryl in soils amended with biochars: influence of biochar type and content. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:2724-2734. [PMID: 26438372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochars that were produced from three different biomass materials were amended to a soil to elucidate their influence on the fate of carbaryl. Sorption and degradation of carbaryl in soils amended with the biochars were investigated. The results showed that the amendment of biochars to soil enhanced the sorption of carbaryl. The nonlinearity of sorption isotherm and sorption affinity of carbaryl increased with the content and pyrolytic temperature of the biochars. Both chemical and biological degradation of carbaryl were influenced by biochars. The biochars enhanced the chemical hydrolysis of carbaryl in soil, with biochars produced at 700 °C (BC700) exhibiting greater impact, due to their strong liming effect. In contrast, BC350 (produced at 350 °C) promoted the biodegradation of carbaryl in soil by different extents, while BC700 obviously reduced the biodegradation of carbaryl. The enhanced activities of natural microorganisms in the soil and the lowered bioavailability of carbaryl acted together to determine the biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of original Agro-Environmental Quality, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Yavari S, Malakahmad A, Sapari NB. Biochar efficiency in pesticides sorption as a function of production variables--a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:13824-41. [PMID: 26250816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a stabilized, carbon-rich by-product derived from pyrolysis of biomass. Recently, biochar has received extensive attentions because of its multi-functionality for agricultural and environmental applications. Biochar can contribute to sequestration of atmosphere carbon, improvement of soils quality, and mitigation of environmental contaminations. The capability of biochar for specific application is determined by its properties which are predominantly controlled by source material and pyrolysis route variables. The biochar sorption potential is a function of its surface area, pores volume, ash contents, and functional groups. The impacts of each production factors on these characteristics of biochar need to be well-understood to design efficient biochars for pesticides removal. The effects of biomass type on biochar sorptive properties are determined by relative amounts of its lingo-cellulosic compounds, minerals content, particles size, and structure. The highest treatment temperature is the most effective pyrolysis factor in the determination of biochar sorption behavior. The expansion of micro-porosity and surface area and also increase of biochar organic carbon content and hydrophobicity mostly happen by pyrolysis peak temperature rise. These changes make biochar suitable for immobilization of organic contaminants. Heating rate, gas pressure, and reaction retention time after the pyrolysis temperatures are sequentially important pyrolysis variables effective on biochar sorptive properties. This review compiles the available knowledge about the impacts of production variables on biochars sorptive properties and discusses the aging process as the main factor in post-pyrolysis alterations of biochars sorption capacity. The drawbacks of biochar application in the environment are summarized as well in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Yavari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia,
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Eibisch N, Schroll R, Fuß R. Effect of pyrochar and hydrochar amendments on the mineralization of the herbicide isoproturon in an agricultural soil. Chemosphere 2015; 134:528-535. [PMID: 25543158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C)-rich, solid products from pyrolysis (pyrochars) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC, hydrochars) are expected to reduce the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of pesticides as side effect of soil addition. To compare effects of different feedstocks (digestate, miscanthus, woodchips) and production processes (pyrolysis at 750°C, HTC at 200°C and 250°C), (14)C-labeled isoproturon (IPU) was applied at 0.75 kg ha(-)(1) to loamy sand amended either with 0.5% or 5% pyrochars or hydrochars, which was then incubated for 50d. Mineralization of IPU was measured as (14)C-CO2 released from soil-char composites. Pore-water and methanol extractable (14)C-IPU was quantified as well as non-extractable (14)C-residues (NER). Furthermore, C mineralization of pyrochars, hydrochars and feedstocks was studied to assess the relationship between IPU bioaccessibility and char decomposability. In pure soil, 8.1% of applied IPU was mineralized after 50d. This was reduced more strongly in pyrochar treatments (81 ± 6% reduction) than in hydrochar treatments (56 ± 25% reduction). Different feedstocks had no significantly different effect when 5% char was added, but their effect was significant and dependent on the production process in 0.5% amendments. Pesticide binding can occur by surface sorption as well as by diffusion and subsequent occlusion in micropores. The latter can be expected to result in high amounts of NER, as it was observed in the pyrochar treatments. Hydrochars were less stable than pyrochars and contained lower amounts of NER. Thus, in hydrochar amended soils, better accessibility of IPU to microbial degradation may be a result of full char decomposition within decades ensuring controlled pesticide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Eibisch
- Thünen-Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Soil Ecology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Schroll
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Soil Ecology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Roland Fuß
- Thünen-Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of wheat and rice biochars on pyrazosulfuron-ethyl sorption in a sandy loam soil. Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was poorly sorbed in the soil (3.5-8.6%) but biochar amendment increased the herbicide adsorption, and the effect varied with the nature of the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Biochars prepared at 600°C were more effective in adsorbing pyrazosulfuron-ethyl than biochars prepared at 400°C. Rice biochars were better than wheat biochars, and higher herbicide adsorption was attributed to the biochar surface area/porosity. The Freundlich constant 1/n suggested nonlinear isotherms, and nonlinearlity increased with increase in the level of biochar amendment. Desorption results suggested sorption of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was partially irreversible, and the irreversibility increased with increase in the level of biochar. Both sorption and desorption of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl correlated well with the content of biochars. The free energy change (ΔG) indicated that the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl sorption process was exothermic, spontaneous and physical in nature. Persistence studies indicated that biochar (0.5%) amendment did not have significant effect on herbicide degradation, and its half-life values in the control, 0.5% WBC600- and RBC600-amended rice planted soils were 7, 8.6, and 10.4 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Manna
- a Division of Agricultural Chemicals , Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi , India
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50
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Eibisch N, Schroll R, Fuß R, Mikutta R, Helfrich M, Flessa H. Pyrochars and hydrochars differently alter the sorption of the herbicide isoproturon in an agricultural soil. Chemosphere 2015; 119:155-162. [PMID: 24974225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous material from pyrolysis (pyrochars) and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars) are applied to soil to improve soil fertility and carbon sequestration. As a positive side effect, the mobility of pesticides and the risk of groundwater contamination can be minimized. However, the impact of various raw materials on the sorption capacity of different pyrochars and hydrochars is poorly understood. Thus, sorption experiments were performed with (14)C-labeled isoproturon (IPU, 0.75 kg ha(-1)) in a loamy sand soil amended with either pyrochar or hydrochar (0.5% and 5% dry weight, respectively). Carbonaceous materials were produced from three different raw materials: corn digestate, miscanthus, woodchips of willow and poplar. After 72 h of incubation, a sequential extraction procedure was conducted to quantify in situ IPU bioavailability, total amount of extractable IPU, and non-extractable pesticide residues (NER). Added char amount, carbonization type, and raw materials had statistically significant effects on the sorption of IPU. The amount of in situ available IPU was reduced by a factor of 10-2283 in treatments with pyrochar and by a factor of 3-13 in hydrochar treatments. The surface area of the charred material was the most predictive variable of IPU sorption to char amended soil. Some physical and chemical char properties tend to correlate with pore water-, methanol- or non-extractable IPU amounts. Due to a low micro-porosity and ash content, high water extractable carbon contents and O-functional groups of hydrochars, the proportion of NER in hydrochar amended soils was considerably lower than in soil amended with pyrochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Eibisch
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Soil Ecology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Schroll
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Soil Ecology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Roland Fuß
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Soil Science, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirjam Helfrich
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heinz Flessa
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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