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Kasper B, Boehm T, Wittenstein N, Mueller RS. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in atopic and healthy dogs and their influence on allergy test specificity. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3308. [PMID: 37614212 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of allergens for immunotherapy in atopic dogs is often based on serum allergy testing. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) are common structures in plant and insect allergens that reportedly induce polysensitisation, reduce agreement between intradermal and serum tests and complicate allergen selection. METHODS Thirty-four dogs with diagnosed atopic dermatitis and 10 healthy dogs were included in the study. An intradermal test was conducted in atopic dogs, and serum samples from allergic and healthy dogs were analysed for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) before and after inhibition of detectable anti-CCD-IgE antibodies. RESULTS Anti-CCD-IgE antibodies were not found in any of the healthy dogs and no polysensitisation to plant and insect allergens was detected. The agreement between intradermal and serum allergy test results in the atopic dogs with anti-CCD-IgE antibodies improved from slight to fair after blocking the anti-CCD-IgE antibodies. In addition, blocking clearly reduced polysensitisation to plant allergens but not to acarid allergens. LIMITATIONS Only a limited number of healthy dogs were tested in this study. A gold standard for determining the clinical relevance of IgE sensitisation does not exist. CONCLUSION Inhibition of anti-CCD-IgE antibodies seems to be of importance to improve serum test specificity for allergen-specific IgE in atopic dogs in relation to intradermal allergy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kasper
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Boehm
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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2
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Hörner-Schmid L, Palić J, Mueller RS, Schulz B. Serum Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Cats with Inflammatory Bronchial Disease. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3226. [PMID: 37893950 PMCID: PMC10603667 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of feline inflammatory bronchial disease is poorly understood. This study compares the degree of allergen-specific serum IgE responses between cats with feline asthma, chronic bronchitis, mixed inflammation, and clinically healthy cats (HCs). The retrospective case-control study used serum from eighteen cats with eosinophilic inflammation (EI), ten with neutrophilic inflammation (NI), six with mixed inflammation (MI), and fourteen HCs. Affected cats were categorized into groups based on bronchoalveolar lavage cytology. The measurement of IgE for 34 different allergens including fungal organisms, weeds, grasses, trees, mites, and insects was performed using an indirect ELISA. Positive reactions to allergens were detected in the serum of 17/18 cats with EI, 8/10 with NI, 6/6 with MI, and 11/14 HCs (p = 0.364). When overall positive reactions were compared between groups, cats with MI (p = <0.01) had significantly more positive reactions against mite allergens than HCs. Blood eosinophils inversely correlated with the absolute amount of allergen-specific serum IgE expressed in ELISA absorbance units (EAs) (p = 0.014). Sensitization against dust mites seems to be more prevalent in cats with MI. However, positive IgE reactions can be observed in healthy and diseased cats, and, therefore, need to be interpreted in the light of clinical findings and environmental conditions of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Palić
- Vet Med Labor GmbH Division of IDEXX Laboratories, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Bianka Schulz
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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3
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Giangrieco I, Ciardiello MA, Tamburrini M, Tuppo L, Rafaiani C, Mari A, Alessandri C. Comparative Analysis of the Immune Response and the Clinical Allergic Reaction to Papain-like Cysteine Proteases from Fig, Kiwifruit, Papaya, Pineapple and Mites in an Italian Population. Foods 2023; 12:2852. [PMID: 37569122 PMCID: PMC10417190 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plant papain-like cysteine proteases are exploited by the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and textile industries. However, some of these enzymes can cause allergic reactions. In this context, we investigated the frequency of sensitization and allergic reactions to some fruit and/or latex cysteine proteases, which are used as additives by the food industry to improve and modify the quality of their products. The FABER test was used to analyse the patients' sensitization towards five plants and, for comparison, two homologous mite cysteine proteases. In an Italian population of 341 allergic patients, 133 (39%) had IgE specific for at least one of the seven cysteine proteases under investigation. Most of the patients were IgE positive for Der p 1 and/or Der f 1 (96.38%) reported a clinical history suggestive of respiratory allergy to mites, whereas none of the subjects sensitized to the homologs from papaya, pineapple and fig reported allergy symptoms following ingestion of these foods. Only one patient referred symptoms from ingesting kiwifruit. Therefore, the obtained results showed that sensitization to the fruit enzymes was only rarely concomitant with allergic reactions. These observations, together with the literature reports, suggest that the allergy to plant papain-like cysteine proteases might mainly be an occupational disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Giangrieco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Ciardiello
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Maurizio Tamburrini
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisa Tuppo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Chiara Rafaiani
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Adriano Mari
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (C.A.)
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Claudia Alessandri
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (C.A.)
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), 04100 Latina, Italy
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4
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Hopke K, Coleman M, Kneese E, Dominguez B, Diesel A, Patterson A. Prevalence of serum immunoglobulin E against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants in allergic and nonallergic horses, and its impact on polysensitisation in serum allergen tests. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:338-e79. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Hopke
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TX USA
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TX USA
| | - Eric Kneese
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TX USA
| | - Brandon Dominguez
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TX USA
| | - Alison Diesel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TX USA
| | - Adam Patterson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TX USA
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Chen H, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Zhang W, Yang L, Zhu R. Cross-Reacting Carbohydrate Determinants Inhibitor Can Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy in Pollen and Food Allergy. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:713-725. [PMID: 35645572 PMCID: PMC9139414 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s363206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants (CCD) exist in some pollen and food allergens, but they do not contribute to allergic symptoms. However, CCD can induce specific IgE (sIgE) production and may lead to incorrect allergen diagnosis and treatment. CCD inhibitor is a specific antibody adsorbent which can preclude CCD from binding to sIgE. Currently, the data of CCD inhibition in allergen sIgE test are limited. Methods The allergic patients with positive skin prick reactions to two or more pollen and/or food allergen extracts were included in our study. Their sera were obtained and sIgE was tested with an allergen panel that included 29 single and mixed allergens (MEDIWISS Analytic GmbH, China) before and after CCD inhibition. The changes of sIgE against these allergens and the correlations of sIgEs to clinical symptoms were analyzed. Results A total of 44 patients were included and 36 (81.82%) of those were multi-sensitized to house dust mites and pollen allergens based on skin prick tests. The sIgE levels and positive rates against most pollen and food allergens were significantly lower after CCD inhibition. The sIgE levels of pollen were positively correlated to those of food allergens before CCD inhibition. However, these correlations were weakened or no longer existed after CCD inhibition. The sIgE against pollen and food allergens showed significantly higher consistency with clinical symptoms after CCD inhibition. Conclusion Cross-sensitization caused by CCD is widespread in pollen and food. CCD inhibition test can improve the diagnostic accuracy of pollen and food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rongfei Zhu, Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-27-8366 2912, Email
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Fuhrmann V, Huang HJ, Akarsu A, Shilovskiy I, Elisyutina O, Khaitov M, van Hage M, Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R, Sekerel BE. From Allergen Molecules to Molecular Immunotherapy of Nut Allergy: A Hard Nut to Crack. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742732. [PMID: 34630424 PMCID: PMC8496898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanuts and tree nuts are two of the most common elicitors of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Nut allergy is frequently associated with systemic reactions and can lead to potentially life-threatening respiratory and circulatory symptoms. Furthermore, nut allergy usually persists throughout life. Whether sensitized patients exhibit severe and life-threatening reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), mild and/or local reactions (e.g., pollen-food allergy syndrome) or no relevant symptoms depends much on IgE recognition of digestion-resistant class I food allergens, IgE cross-reactivity of class II food allergens with respiratory allergens and clinically not relevant plant-derived carbohydrate epitopes, respectively. Accordingly, molecular allergy diagnosis based on the measurement of allergen-specific IgE levels to allergen molecules provides important information in addition to provocation testing in the diagnosis of food allergy. Molecular allergy diagnosis helps identifying the genuinely sensitizing nuts, it determines IgE sensitization to class I and II food allergen molecules and hence provides a basis for personalized forms of treatment such as precise prescription of diet and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Currently available forms of nut-specific AIT are based only on allergen extracts, have been mainly developed for peanut but not for other nuts and, unlike AIT for respiratory allergies which utilize often subcutaneous administration, are given preferentially by the oral route. Here we review prevalence of allergy to peanut and tree nuts in different populations of the world, summarize knowledge regarding the involved nut allergen molecules and current AIT approaches for nut allergy. We argue that nut-specific AIT may benefit from molecular subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) approaches but identify also possible hurdles for such an approach and explain why molecular SCIT may be a hard nut to crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fuhrmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huey-Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegul Akarsu
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bulent Enis Sekerel
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Canning P, Brame B, Stefanovski D, Lee KW, Cain CL, Rook K, Morris DO. Multivariable analysis of the influence of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant inhibition and other factors on intradermal and serological allergen test results: a prospective, multicentre study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:347-e96. [PMID: 34105194 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological allergen testing (SAT) is used widely to formulate allergen-specific immunotherapy for atopic dogs. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) can produce false-positive reactions, creating discrepancy between SAT and intradermal allergen test (IDAT) results. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine if inhibition of anti-CCD IgE in a commercial assay improved correlation with IDAT. The secondary objective was to assess the influence of dog- and clinic-specific factors, environmental factors, putative allergen exposure and prior medications on intradermal and SAT reactivity. ANIMALS Two-hundred and eleven client-owned dogs were enrolled from eight North American dermatology specialty practices. METHODS AND MATERIALS Collection of serum samples and IDAT were performed on the same day. Sera were assayed for detection of IgE specific to 25 allergens, before and after treatment with a proprietary inhibitor of anti-CCD IgE. Data for each dog were collected via a questionnaire filled out by veterinary personnel. RESULTS The correlation between the testing modalities was fair before (Spearman's rho, ρ = 0.2092) and after (ρ = 0.3042) inhibition of anti-CCD IgE. Ciclosporin dose (P = 0.003), independent of duration of use, and duration of lokivetmab use (P = 0.001), independent of dose administered, were associated with statistically significant decreases in IgE concentrations across all allergen types. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Contrary to previous reports, this study demonstrated unchanged correlation between SAT and IDAT after inhibition of anti-CCD IgE. Ciclosporin dose and lokivetmab treatment duration may have unexplored effects on IgE concentration during SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Canning
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bailey Brame
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 W Street Road, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Kenneth W Lee
- Stallergenes Greer Laboratories, 639 Nuway Circle, Lenoir, NC, 28645, USA
| | - Christine L Cain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine Rook
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Mohammaddavoodi A, Christian M, Müller E, Panakova L, Burgener I, Wagner R. Prevalence of immunoglobulin E against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants and the impact of a blocker in canine sera. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2021; 49:272-277. [PMID: 34005830 DOI: 10.1055/a-1442-3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) cause multiple positive results in seasonal in vitro allergy tests. False positive/clinically irrelevant results have been identified due to the binding of immunoglobulin E against CCD (anti-CCD IgE) when testing for pollen allergens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of polysensitised serum samples and evaluate the impact of a CCD inhibitor/blocker in seasonal allergy test results. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 4614 canine serum samples, submitted from July 2017 to June 2018 for seasonal in vitro allergy test via ELISA Fc-Ε receptor technology, were studied. Samples were grouped into polysensitised (group A) and non-polysensitised (group B). Polysensitised samples were retested after adding a modified glycoprotein plant extract (blocker). To determine the impact of the blocker for each allergen, results prior and post blocking were investigated in 96 randomly selected samples. RESULTS Polysensitisation to seasonal allergens was diagnosed in 818 (17.7 %) serum samples. The blocker eliminated the binding of anti-CCD IgE to allergen extracts (49 %) or suppressed the reaction classes (40 %) which are indicative of the presence of clinically relevant IgE. Negative reactions after blocking were less common when testing for antibodies against a mixture of 6-grass mix (29 %), rye (22 %), and sheep sorrel (20 %) in comparison to nettle (82 %), willow (70 %), birch-hazel (65 %), mugwort-ragweed (63 %) and English plantain (57 %). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Blocking should be used in the case of polysensitized results to improve the quality of seasonal in vitro allergy tests and avoid the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) for clinically irrelevant allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Christian
- Laboklin laboratory for clinical diagnostics GMBH & CO. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Müller
- Laboklin laboratory for clinical diagnostics GMBH & CO. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Burgener
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Enck KM, Lee KW, McKinney BH, Blankenship KD, Montesano C. Detection and inhibition of IgE antibodies reactive with cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in an ELISA for allergen-specific IgE in horses. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:685-e184. [PMID: 33956389 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) is present in the serum of sensitized humans, dogs and cats, and that these CCD-specific antibodies might confound serological testing. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether or not CCD-reactive antibodies occur in horses and to investigate the prevalence of CCD-reactive IgE antibodies in equine sera using a monoclonal cocktail-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay designed to detect allergen-specific IgE in horses, and to evaluate a means for successful inhibition of these CCD. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sera from 28 horses suspected of clinical allergy were evaluated, with and without a proprietary inhibitor which contains carbohydrates derived from bromelain (BROM-CCD), using a panel of 72 allergens that include 15 grasses, 17 trees, nine weeds, five mites, 12 fungi, 12 insects and two environmental allergens. RESULTS Twenty-five samples were shown to be reactive to at least one of the allergens, and 15 were reactive to 10 allergens or more. BROM-CCD had minimal effect on the mite reactivity in any of the positive samples; however, substantial inhibition for pollen allergens (trees, grasses and weeds) was demonstrable. Reduction in signal to pollens ranged from 20% to 100% for samples that were inhibited by CCD-BROM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results demonstrate that CCD-reactive IgE antibodies are evident in horses and that BROM-CCD can be effective in reducing reactions with these irrelevant carbohydrates and will likely yield a more accurate in vitro allergen reactivity profile for selection of allergens included in an immunotherapeutic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Enck
- Stallergenes Greer, 639 Nuway Circle, Lenoir, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth W Lee
- Stallergenes Greer, 639 Nuway Circle, Lenoir, NC, USA
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10
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Mohammaddavoodi A, Panakova L, Christian M, Burgener I, Müller E, Wagner R. [Prevalance of immunoglobulin E against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) and impact of a blocker in seasonal allergy tests]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2020; 48:404-409. [PMID: 33276390 DOI: 10.1055/a-1274-9188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) cause false positive/clinically irrelevant results in seasonal in vitro allergy tests due to the binding of immunoglobulin IgE against CCD (anti-CCD IgE).There is no study regarding the presence of this phenomen in cats. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of polysensitization in serum samples and evaluate the impact of a CCD inhibitor/blocker in multi-positive seasonal allergy test results in cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 472 feline sera, submitted from July 2017 to June 2018 for seasonal in vitro allergy test via ELISA Fc-Ε receptor technology, were studied. Samples were grouped into polysensitized (group A) and non-polysensitized (group B). Polysensitized samples (A) were retested after adding a modified glycoprotein plants extract (blocker). To determine the impact of the blocking to each allergen, the results in 48 randomly selected samples in cats prior- and post-blocking were investigated. RESULTS Polysensitization to seasonal allergens was diagnosed in 137 (29 %) samples. No discrepancy in presence of polysensitization was seen in different seasons. Blocking eliminated the binding of anti-CCD IgE and produced either negative test results (49 %) or a decrease of 1-4 reaction classes (41 %) which is indicative of the simultaneous presence of clinically relevant allergen specific IgE. Total negative reactions after blocking were less common in 6-grass mix (31 %), rye (23 %) and sheep sorrel (25 %) in comparison to willow und birch-hazel (67 %), mugwort-ragweed und nettle (65 %), as well as English plantain (54 %). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In order to improve the quality of seasonal in vitro allergy test, blocking should be employed in cases of polysensitized results resulting in an avoidance of the administration of non-offending allergens during allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Klinik für Interne Medizin Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien
| | | | - Iwan Burgener
- Klinik für Interne Medizin Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien
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Abstract
Pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is an immunoglobulin E-mediated immediate allergic reaction caused by cross-reactivity between pollen and the antigens of foods-such as fruits, vegetables, or nuts-in patients with pollen allergy. A 42.7% prevalence of PFAS in Korean pediatric patients with pollinosis was recently reported. PFAS is often called oral allergy syndrome because of mild symptoms such as itching, urticaria, and edema mainly in the lips, mouth, and pharynx that appear after food ingestion. However, reports of systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis have been increasing recently. This diversity in the degree of symptoms is related to the types of trigger foods and the characteristics of allergens, such as heat stability. When pediatric patients with pollen allergy are treated, attention should be paid to PFAS and an active effort should be made to diagnose it.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Hoon Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
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12
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Lee KW, McKinney BH, Blankenship KD, Morris DO. Detection and Inhibition of IgE for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants evident in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of allergen-specific IgE in the sera of dogs and cats. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:439-e116. [PMID: 32975354 PMCID: PMC7756665 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated recently that immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) is present in the serum of allergen‐sensitized dogs and cats, and that these CCD‐specific antibodies might confound serological testing. Hypothesis/Objective The objective was to document the prevalence of CCD detectable in a monoclonal cocktail‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay designed for the detection of allergen‐specific IgE in the sera of dogs and cats, and to define a means for successful inhibition of these CCD. Methods and materials The incidence of reactivity to bromelain and a commercially available inhibitor of carbohydrate‐specific antibodies (RIDA‐CCD) was evaluated in 100 dog sera samples before and after inhibition with RIDA‐CCD and a proprietary inhibitor containing carbohydrates derived from bromelain (BROM‐CCD). Subsequently, sera from 600 dogs and 600 cats were evaluated using a serum diluent with and without BROM‐CCD. Results Both the RIDA‐CCD and BROM‐CCD inhibitors demonstrated successful reduction of CCD reactivity, although a more efficient profile of inhibition was evident with BROM‐CCD. Mite reactivity in dog and cat sera was largely unaffected; however, substantial inhibition for pollen allergens (trees, grasses and weeds) was shown. After BROM‐CCD inhibition, 1% of canine samples and 13% of feline samples were rendered completely negative for allergen reactivity. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The results demonstrate that BROM‐CCD is effective in reducing reactions with irrelevant carbohydrates, and that inhibition of CCD reactivity might substantially alter the outcome of the in vitro reactivity profile used for selection of allergens to be included in an immunotherapeutic regime. Background – It has been demonstrated recently that immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) is present in the serum of allergen‐sensitized dogs and cats, and that these CCD‐specific antibodies might confound serological testing. Hypothesis/Objective – The objective was to document the prevalence of CCD detectable in a monoclonal cocktail‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay designed for the detection of allergen‐specific IgE in the sera of dogs and cats, and to define a means for successful inhibition of these CCD. Conclusions and Clinical Importance – The results demonstrate that BROM‐CCD is effective in reducing reactions with irrelevant carbohydrates, and that inhibition of CCD reactivity might substantially alter the outcome of the in vitro reactivity profile used for selection of allergens to be included in an immunotherapeutic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Lee
- Stallergenes Greer, 639 Nuway Circle, Lenoir, NC, 28645, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel O Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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13
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Calderon MA, Waserman S, Bernstein DI, Demoly P, Douglass J, Gagnon R, Katelaris CH, Kim H, Nelson HS, Okamoto Y, Okubo K, Virchow JC, DuBuske L, Casale TB, Canonica GW, Nolte H. Clinical Practice of Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: An Expert Panel Report. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8:2920-2936.e1. [PMID: 32422372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) reduces symptoms and medication use associated with allergic rhinitis with or without conjunctivitis and allergic asthma. Although several AIT guidelines exist, there remain unanswered questions about AIT that are relevant to everyday practice. Our objective was to prepare an evidence-based overview addressing the practical aspects of AIT in clinical practice based on published evidence and the experience of international experts in the field. Topics covered include interpretation and translation of clinical trial data into everyday clinical practice (eg, allergen doses and treatment duration), assessment of risk and treatment of local and systemic allergic reactions, recommendations for improvement of AIT guidelines, and identification of appropriate data for seeking regulatory approval, to name a few. Many informational gaps in AIT practice need further evaluation as products and practices evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Calderon
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London-NHLI, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan Waserman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David I Bernstein
- Division of Allergy, Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Montpellier, & IPLESP, Sorbonne Université - Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Jo Douglass
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital & The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Remi Gagnon
- Clinique Spécialisée en Allergie de la Capitale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Constance H Katelaris
- Campbelltown Hospital and the School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Harold Kim
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Harold S Nelson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Okubo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Nippon, Japan
| | - J Christian Virchow
- Department of Pneumology/Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lawrence DuBuske
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Thomas B Casale
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - G Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma & Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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14
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Sinson E, Ocampo C, Liao C, Nguyen S, Dinh L, Rodems K, Whitters E, Hamilton RG. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant interference in cellulose-based IgE allergy tests utilizing recombinant allergen components. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231344. [PMID: 32324770 PMCID: PMC7179882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD) structures found in plant and insect glycoproteins are commonly recognized by IgE antibodies as epitopes that can lead to extensive cross-reactivity and obscure in vitro diagnostic (IVD) serology results. With the introduction of component resolved diagnosis (CRD), recombinant non-glycosylated components have been utilized to mitigate the risk of CCD-specific IgE (sIgE) detection. However, a recent study has shown that CCD-sIgE may bind directly to the cellulose solid phase matrix used in certain in vitro diagnostic assays, eliminating the advantage of CRD over traditional extract-based testing. The aim of this study is to further investigate the prevalence of CCD-sIgE interference on a commonly-used in vitro sIgE automated platform which employs a cellulose-based matrix to immobilize CCD-free recombinant components. Methods Sera from patients sensitized to peanut, silver birch, and/or timothy grass were analyzed for CCD-sIgE reactivity on ImmunoCAP/Phadia and NOVEOS autoanalyzers against the MUXF3 carbohydrate component. Positive CCD-sIgE sera were further analyzed against non-glycosylated recombinant components bound to the ImmunoCAP solid phase in the absence and presence of a soluble CCD inhibitor. For comparison, sera were then analyzed on NOVEOS, a non-cellulose based automated sIgE assay. Results Sera from 35% of the sensitized population tested in this study were positive (≥0.35 kU/L) for CCD-sIgE. Of those positives, 17% resulted in CCD-sIgE-positive (false positive) results on ImmunoCAP using non-glycosylated allergosorbents that were negative on NOVEOS. Sera producing false-positive results on ImmunoCAP had varying levels of CCD-sIgE from 0.67 kU/L to 36.52 kU/L. The incidence of CCD interference was predominantly delimited to low-positive IgE results (0.35 kUA/L– 3.00 kUA/L). Conclusion Falsely elevated diagnostic allergen-sIgE results can commonly occur due to the presence of CCD-sIgE using assays that employ a carbohydrate matrix-based allergosorbent. Even the use of non-glycosylated recombinant allergenic components coupled to cellulose matrices do not reduce their risk of detection. The risk of CCD interference that compromises quantitative IgE results can be mitigated by the addition of a soluble CCD inhibitor to positive CCD-sIgE containing sera or by alternatively using a non-cellulose based sIgE assay, such as the NOVEOS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edsel Sinson
- HYCOR Biomedical LLC, Garden Grove, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Camille Ocampo
- HYCOR Biomedical LLC, Garden Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Cindy Liao
- HYCOR Biomedical LLC, Garden Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Nguyen
- HYCOR Biomedical LLC, Garden Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren Dinh
- HYCOR Biomedical LLC, Garden Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Kelline Rodems
- HYCOR Biomedical LLC, Garden Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Whitters
- HYCOR Biomedical LLC, Garden Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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15
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Matricardi PM, Dramburg S, Potapova E, Skevaki C, Renz H. Molecular diagnosis for allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 143:831-843. [PMID: 30850070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of allergen molecules in birth cohort studies revealed that atopic sensitization is a sequential IgE response to distinct non-cross-reacting molecules from the same allergenic source (ie, molecular spreading), starting with an initiator molecule. This phenomenon reaches different degrees of progression (monomolecular, oligomolecular, and polymolecular) according to the individual atopic propensity and allergen exposure, thus producing an extreme heterogeneity of IgE sensitization profiles in patient populations. In patients with allergic rhinitis, the broader the IgE molecular sensitization profile, the greater is the risk of asthma and other allergic comorbidities, such as oral allergy syndrome. Hence it has been proposed to anticipate immunologic intervention at disease onset (early allergen immunotherapy) or even earlier during the preclinical sensitization stage (allergen immunoprophylaxis). Diagnostic algorithms based on singleplex or multiplex molecular IgE tests allow the discrimination of genuine from cross-reacting sensitization and the selection of the right extracts for allergen immunotherapy composition. Patients with extreme molecular poly-sensitization and greater risk of asthma or other IgE-mediated comorbidities, can be easily identified by means of allergen microarray or macroarray procedures and might benefit from anti-IgE treatment. IgE molecular tests have opened the era of precision allergology, and their routine use should aim at cost-effectiveness, according to the principles of the Choosing Wisely initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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16
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Abstract
In vertebrates, immunoglobulins (Igs), commonly known as antibodies, play an integral role in the armamentarium of immune defense against various pathogens. After an antigenic challenge, antibodies are secreted by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Antibodies have two predominant roles that involve specific binding to antigens to launch an immune response, along with activation of other components of the immune system to fight pathogens. The ability of immunoglobulins to fight against innumerable and diverse pathogens lies in their intrinsic ability to discriminate between different antigens. Due to this specificity and high affinity for their antigens, antibodies have been a valuable and indispensable tool in research, diagnostics and therapy. Although seemingly a simple maneuver, the association between an antibody and its antigen, to make an antigen-antibody complex, is comprised of myriads of non-covalent interactions. Amino acid residues on the antigen binding site, the epitope, and on the antibody binding site, the paratope, intimately contribute to the energetics needed for the antigen-antibody complex stability. Structural biology methods to study antigen-antibody complexes are extremely valuable tools to visualize antigen-antibody interactions in detail; this helps to elucidate the basis of molecular recognition between an antibody and its specific antigen. The main scope of this chapter is to discuss the structure and function of different classes of antibodies and the various aspects of antigen-antibody interactions including antigen-antibody interfaces-with a special focus on paratopes, complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and other non-CDR residues important for antigen binding and recognition. Herein, we also discuss methods used to study antigen-antibody complexes, antigen recognition by antibodies, types of antigens in complexes, and how antigen-antibody complexes play a role in modern day medicine and human health. Understanding the molecular basis of antigen binding and recognition by antibodies helps to facilitate the production of better and more potent antibodies for immunotherapy, vaccines and various other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brenda Kapingidza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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17
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Wang C, Wang Y, Liu G, Fu L. Food allergomics based on high-throughput and bioinformatics technologies. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108942. [PMID: 32156389 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a serious food safety problem worldwide, and the investigation of food allergens is the foundation of preventing and treating them, but relevant knowledge is far from sufficient. With the advent of the "big data era", it has been possible to investigate food allergens by high-throughput methods, proposing the concept of allergomics. Allergomics is the discipline studying the repertoire of allergens, which has relatively higher throughput and is faster and more sensitive than conventional methods. This review introduces the basis of allergomics and summarizes its major strategies and applications. Particularly, strategies based on immunoblotting, phage display, allergen microarray, and bioinformatics are reviewed in detail, and the advantages and limitations of each strategy are discussed. Finally, further development of allergomics is predicted. This provides basic theories and recent advances in food allergomics research, which could be insightful for both food allergy research and practical applications.
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18
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Piccione ML, DeBoer DJ. Serum IgE against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:507-e153. [PMID: 31642119 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding carbohydrate structures common to plant and insect species. In people, anti-CCD IgE is thought to be clinically irrelevant, but to have the potential to confound serological IgE test interpretations. Previous studies reported the detection of anti-CCD IgE in 24-73% of atopic dog sera; prevalence in healthy dogs has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of anti-CCD IgE in a group of healthy and atopic dogs. ANIMALS Sera from 61 healthy dogs and 101 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were analyzed for IgE against CCD. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sera were analyzed for the presence of anti-CCD IgE and IgE against environmental allergens using a commercial multiplex allergen-specific IgE assay. RESULTS Anti-CCD IgE was detected in 17 of 101 (16.8%) atopic dog sera and eight of 61 (13.1%) healthy dog sera (P = 0.65, Fisher's exact test). All healthy and atopic dogs with anti-CCD IgE had strong reactivity to grass pollens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A similar prevalence of anti-CCD IgE was found in healthy and atopic dogs. Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical significance of anti-CCD IgE antibodies in dogs, how they are best detected and if blocking these antibodies during diagnostic testing has clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Piccione
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Douglas J DeBoer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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19
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Gedon NKY, Boehm TMSA, Klinger CJ, Udraite L, Mueller RS. Agreement of serum allergen test results with unblocked and blocked IgE against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) and intradermal test results in atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:195-e61. [PMID: 30908739 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tests for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) are used to select allergens for immunotherapy in atopic dogs. Antibodies against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (anti-CCD IgE) have been identified in serum samples of atopic dogs. Their presence in humans is a known cause of clinically irrelevant polysensitization to plant allergens. OBJECTIVES To compare the results of an intradermal test (IDT) and a serum test for allergen-specific IgE, with and without blocking anti-CCD IgE, before testing in dogs. ANIMALS Thirty-one privately owned dogs with atopic dermatitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were prospectively skin tested and their serum samples were analysed for anti-CCD IgE. An Fc-ε receptor-based serum test for allergen-specific IgE was performed with and without blocking anti-CCD IgE. RESULTS In dogs with negative anti-CCD IgE samples, the agreement between the results of the serum test and the IDT was substantial (κ = 0.71). Dogs with positive anti-CCD IgE samples (38.7%) showed no agreement between serum and skin testing (κ = -0.35), blocking anti-CCD IgE in those samples resulted in a fair agreement (κ = 0.43). Anti-CCD IgE positive sera had multiple positive results for grass and weed allergens, and blocking decreased them markedly. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Intradermal testing agreed best with serum testing in dogs with no detectable anti-CCD IgE. Sera containing anti-CCD IgE had no agreement with IDT. Test agreement was improved by blocking the anti-CCD IgE. Apparent serum test polysensitization to plant allergens was associated with anti-CCD IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Y Gedon
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Teresa M S A Boehm
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Klinger
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Laura Udraite
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539, Muenchen, Germany
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20
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Kim SR, Park KH, Lee JH, Kim BJ, Hwang JH, Lim KJ, Park JW. Validation of PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy® as a Specific IgE Measurement Assay for 10 Major Allergen Components. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2019; 11:422-432. [PMID: 30912330 PMCID: PMC6439187 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.3.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) is expected to provide additional diagnostic information in allergic patients. PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy®, a recently developed CRD-based multiplex specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) assay, can quantitatively measure sIgE to major allergen components. Methods The sIgE detection by PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy® and ImmunoCAP® assays was compared using the sera of 125 Korean allergic patients. Group 1 and 2 allergens of house dust mites (HDMs; Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) 1 and Der f 2 in PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy®, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) 1 and Der p 2 in ImmunoCAP®), Bet v 1, Fel d 1, Que a 1, ω-5 gliadin, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, casein and α-Gal were measured by both assays. Results Comparing the results from the 2 assays, the agreement rate for all the 10 allergens was > 88% (group 1 HDM allergen, 100%; group 2 HDM allergen, 94.6%; Bet v 1, 97.4%; Fel d 1, 90.5%; Que a 1, 89.2%; α-lactalbumin, 96%; β-lactoglobulin, 88%; casein, 88%; ω-5 gliadin, 96%; α-Gal, 100%). Correlation analysis indicated that, all the 10 allergen sIgEs showed more than moderate positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficients > 0.640). Additionally, intra-class comparison showed more than high correlation for all the 10 allergens (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients > 0.743). Conclusions PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy® is reliable and comparable to the ImmunoCAP® assay for component-resolved diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryeol Kim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jung Won Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Faber MA, Van Gasse AL, Decuyper II, Sabato V, Hagendorens MM, Mertens C, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Cross-Reactive Aeroallergens: Which Need to Cross Our Mind in Food Allergy Diagnosis? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6:1813-1823. [PMID: 30172018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Secondary food allergies due to cross-reactivity between inhalant and food allergens are a significant and increasing global health issue. Cross-reactive food allergies predominantly involve plant-derived foods resulting from a prior sensitization to cross-reactive components present in pollen (grass, tree, weeds) and natural rubber latex. Also, primary sensitization to allergens present in fungi, insects, and both nonmammalian and mammalian meat might induce cross-reactive food allergic syndromes. Correct diagnosis of these associated food allergies is not always straightforward and can pose a difficult challenge. As a matter of fact, cross-reactive allergens might hamper food allergy diagnosis, as they can cause clinically irrelevant positive tests to cross-reacting foods that are safely consumed. This review summarizes the most relevant cross-reactivity syndromes between inhalant and food allergens. Particular focus is paid to the potential and limitations of confirmatory testing such as skin testing, specific IgE assays, molecular diagnosis, and basophil activation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha A Faber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ine I Decuyper
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris H Bridts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc S De Clerck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
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22
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Matricardi PM, Kleine-Tebbe J. Molecular Allergology between Precision Medicine and the Choosing Wisely initiative. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:664-7. [PMID: 27112118 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Matricardi
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic Hanf, Ackermann & Kleine-Tebbe, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Tree nut allergy is a potentially life-threatening disease that is increasing in prevalence, now affecting 1% of the general population in the United States. While other food allergies often resolve spontaneously, tree nut allergies are outgrown in less than 10% of cases. Due to the likelihood of cross-sensitization to multiple tree nut allergens, the current treatment guideline is strict avoidance of all nuts once one tree nut allergy has been diagnosed. For example, walnut and pecan are highly cross-reactive, along with cashew and pistachio, but the extent of clinical, IgE-mediated cross-reactivity among other tree nuts remains unclear, therefore making avoidance of all tree nuts a safe approach. There have been recent advances in immunotherapy for food allergies. For instance, there are investigational immunotherapies for milk, egg and peanut allergies, specifically oral immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy. However, there are no large randomized controlled clinical trials for tree nut allergies. Even though there has been less research into tree nut allergy immunotherapies, the evidence of T-cell cross-reactivity among tree nuts exists in animal models and in T cells from allergic patients indicates that immunotherapeutic interventions may be possible. Here, we review the literature regarding epidemiology, allergen homology and cross-reactivity among tree nuts, and explore how current findings can be employed for effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Bagley
- Profectus Biosciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Igarashi A, Ebihara Y, Kumagai T, Hirai H, Nagata K, Tsuji K. Mast cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are useful for allergen tests. Allergol Int 2018; 67:234-242. [PMID: 28919488 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods have been developed to detect allergen-specific IgE in sera. The passive IgE sensitization assay using human IgE receptor-expressing rat cell line RBL-2H3 is a powerful tool to detect biologically active allergen-specific IgE in serum samples. However, one disadvantage is that RBL-2H3 cells are vulnerable to high concentrations of human sera. Only a few human cultured cell lines are easily applicable to the passive IgE sensitization assay. However, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate human mast cells (MCs) has not yet been reported. METHODS The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-responsive luciferase reporter gene was stably introduced into a human iPSC line 201B7, and the transfectants were induced to differentiate into MCs (iPSC-MCs). The iPSC-MCs were sensitized overnight with sera from subjects who were allergic to cedar pollen, ragweed pollen, mites, or house dust, and then stimulated with an extract of corresponding allergens. Activation of iPSC-MCs was evaluated by β-hexosaminidase release, histamine release, or luciferase intensity. RESULTS iPSCs-MCs stably expressed high-affinity IgE receptor and functionally responded to various allergens when sensitized with human sera from relevant allergic subjects. This passive IgE sensitization system, which we termed the induced mast cell activation test (iMAT), worked well even with undiluted human sera. CONCLUSIONS iMAT may serve as a novel determining system for IgE/allergens in the clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Igarashi
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ebihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kumagai
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kinya Nagata
- Division of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohichiro Tsuji
- Department of Pediatric, National Hospital Organization Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Nagano, Japan
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Levy BJ, DeBoer DJ. A preliminary study of serum IgE against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in client-owned atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:243-e90. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Britt J. Levy
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Douglas J. DeBoer
- Department of Medical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin; 2015 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
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26
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Wise SK, Lin SY, Toskala E, Orlandi RR, Akdis CA, Alt JA, Azar A, Baroody FM, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Chacko T, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Corey J, Cox LS, Creticos PS, Custovic A, Damask C, DeConde A, DelGaudio JM, Ebert CS, Eloy JA, Flanagan CE, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Gosepath J, Halderman A, Hamilton RG, Hoffman HJ, Hohlfeld JM, Houser SM, Hwang PH, Incorvaia C, Jarvis D, Khalid AN, Kilpeläinen M, Kingdom TT, Krouse H, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lee SE, Levy JM, Luong AU, Marple BF, McCoul ED, McMains KC, Melén E, Mims JW, Moscato G, Mullol J, Nelson HS, Patadia M, Pawankar R, Pfaar O, Platt MP, Reisacher W, Rondón C, Rudmik L, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Settipane RA, Sharma HP, Sheikh A, Smith TL, Tantilipikorn P, Tversky JR, Veling MC, Wang DY, Westman M, Wickman M, Zacharek M. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:108-352. [PMID: 29438602 PMCID: PMC7286723 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR. CONCLUSION This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Allergy/Asthma, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Switzerland
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cemal Cingi
- Otolaryngology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam DeConde
- Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Gosepath
- Otorhinolaryngology, Helios Kliniken Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens M. Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Airway Research Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber U. Luong
- Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erik Melén
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otolaryngology, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Rhinology/Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | - Carmen Rondón
- Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain
| | - Luke Rudmik
- Otolaryngology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, Spain
| | | | | | - Hemant P. Sharma
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chunchun, Korea
| | - Chang Youl Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chunchun, Korea
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28
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Czubinski J, Montowska M, Pospiech E, Lampart-Szczapa E. Proteomic analysis of Lupinus angustifolius (var. Zeus and Bojar) and Lupinus luteus (var. Lord and Parys) seed proteins and their hydrolysates. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:5423-5430. [PMID: 28516510 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins enzymatic digestion is a very complex process, during which some components are degraded, whereas others remain in an unchanged form. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the most popular methods used to reduce the allergenicity of food proteins. In the present study, the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of lupin seed proteins was assessed by proteomic analysis as performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry identification. Two digestion systems were used: oriented digestion carried out by trypsin and model in vitro digestion mimicking the conditions present in the gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS The comparisons of 2-DE maps of proteins isolated form different lupin seed species revealed that the differences in proteins expression were observed mainly in the central parts of gels (i.e. in the molecular weight range from 20 to 70 kDa, and the pH range 5-7). In total, 27 differentially expressed proteins spots were successfully identified by mass spectrometry analysis. An important reduction in the number of proteins spots on 2-DE maps was observed when trypsin and the in vitro digestion model were applied. The protein spot insensitive to digestion in both hydrolysis systems was identified as β-conglutin. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study provide insight into the nature of the digestion process that may take place after lupin seed protein intake and highlight the important fact that some of the proteins are insensitive to digestive enzyme activity. Moreover, evaluation of digestion activity of trypsin towards lupin seed proteins may be used for the development of specific processes with respect to hypoallergenic food production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Czubinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Montowska
- Institute of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edward Pospiech
- Institute of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eleonora Lampart-Szczapa
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Alessandri C, Ferrara R, Bernardi ML, Zennaro D, Tuppo L, Giangrieco I, Tamburrini M, Mari A, Ciardiello MA. Diagnosing allergic sensitizations in the third millennium: why clinicians should know allergen molecule structures. Clin Transl Allergy 2017; 7:21. [PMID: 28725346 PMCID: PMC5513363 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-017-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic tests to detect allergic sensitization were introduced at the end of the nineteenth century but only in the late 1990s did the advent of molecular allergology revolutionize the approach to the allergic patient. Personalized Medicine, a medical procedure that separates patients into different groups with different medical decisions, practices and interventions has sanctioned this change. In fact, in the last few years molecular allergology and the observation that not every patient has the same allergic profile, even when allergic to the same allergenic source, has originated the concept "one size does not fit all". This new approach requires the identification of still unknown allergens, but also the more detailed investigation of those already known. In depth studies of the structure-function relationships in allergenic molecules can reveal the structural determinants involved in the IgE-binding. Then, the knowledge of the epitope profile of each allergen and of the environmental/experimental conditions affecting the exposure of IgE-binding epitopes can provide important contributions to the understanding of cross-reaction processes and to the improvement of diagnosis, immunotherapy and the overall patient treatment. The evolution of diagnostic systems cannot ignore these new needs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alessandri
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - R Ferrara
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - M L Bernardi
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - D Zennaro
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - L Tuppo
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - I Giangrieco
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - M Tamburrini
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - A Mari
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy.,Allergy Data Laboratories s.c., Latina, Italy
| | - M A Ciardiello
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
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Czubinski J, Montowska M, Springer E, Pospiech E, Lampart-szczapa E. Immunoreactivity changes during lupin seed storage proteins digestion. Eur Food Res Technol 2017; 243:2095-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Negi SS, Braun W. Cross-React: a new structural bioinformatics method for predicting allergen cross-reactivity. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:1014-1020. [PMID: 28062447 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins plays an important role to understand how the immune system recognizes different antigen proteins. Allergen proteins are known to cross-react if their sequence comparison shows a high sequence identity which also implies that the proteins have a similar 3D fold. In such cases, linear sequence alignment methods are frequently used to predict cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins. However, the prediction of cross-reactivity between distantly related allergens continues to be a challenging task. To overcome this problem, we developed a new structure-based computational method, Cross-React, to predict cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins available in the Structural Database of Allergens (SDAP). Our method is based on the hypothesis that we can find surface patches on 3D structures of potential allergens with amino acid compositions similar to an epitope in a known allergen. We applied the Cross-React method to a diverse set of seven allergens, and successfully identified several cross-reactive allergens with high to moderate sequence identity which have also been experimentally shown to cross-react. Based on these findings, we suggest that Cross-React can be used as a predictive tool to assess protein allergenicity and cross-reactivity. Availability and Implementation : Cross-React is available at: http://curie.utmb.edu/Cross-React.html. Contact ssnegi@utmb.edu.
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van Hage M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Skevaki C, Plebani M, Canonica W, Kleine-Tebbe J, Nystrand M, Jafari-Mamaghani M, Jakob T. Performance evaluation of ImmunoCAP® ISAC 112: a multi-site study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:571-577. [PMID: 27816950 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the re-introduction of ImmunoCAP® ISAC sIgE 112 on the market, we undertook a study to evaluate the performance of this multiplex-based immunoassay for IgE measurements to allergen components. METHODS The study was carried out at 22 European and one South African site. Microarrays from different batches, eight specific IgE (sIgE) positive, three sIgE negative serum samples and a calibration sample were sent to participating laboratories where assays were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS For both the negative and positive samples results were consistent between sites, with a very low frequency of false positive results (0.014%). A similar pattern of results for each of the samples was observed across the 23 sites. Homogeneity analysis of all measurements for each sample were well clustered, indicating good reproducibility; unsupervised hierarchical clustering and classification via random forests, showed clustering of identical samples independent of the assay site. Analysis of raw continuous data confirmed the good accuracy across the study sites; averaged standardized, site-specific ISU-E values fell close to the center of the distribution of measurements from all sites. After outlier filtering, variability across the whole study was estimated at 25.5%, with values of 22%, 27.1% and 22.4% for the 'Low', 'Moderate to High' and 'Very High' concentration categories, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study shows a robust performance of the ImmunoCAP® ISAC 112 immunoassay at different sites. Essentially the same results were obtained irrespective of assay site, laboratory-specific conditions and instruments, operator, or the use of microarrays from different batches.
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Yokoi H, Yoshitake H, Matsumoto Y, Kawada M, Takato Y, Shinagawa K, Sakurai H, Saito K. Involvement of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants-specific IgE in pollen allergy testing. Asia Pac Allergy 2017; 7:29-36. [PMID: 28154803 PMCID: PMC5287067 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2017.7.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Specific IgE antibodies against the low-molecular-weight carbohydrate antigen that does not bridge IgE molecules on mast cells are not associated with clinical symptoms. Cross reactivity can be determined in allergen-specific IgE detection assays when the carbohydrate structures between pollen allergens and plant derived food allergens are similar; in such cases, false positive results for grain or legume allergens can be reported for pollen allergic patients who are not sensitized to those allergens. This phenomenon arises owing to the presence of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of CCD interference on the results for pollen allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the general adult population and to perform CCD inhibition tests evaluating the involvement of CCD on samples positive to pollen allergens. Methods Serum samples from 322 subjects were tested for IgE antibodies to pollens and CCD. The research subjects were given questionnaires about pollen allergic symptoms to help assess the presence of allergies. Allergen IgE antibodies for Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, orchard grass, ragweed, MUXF, bromelain, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and ascorbate oxidase (ASOD) were analyzed. Results It was observed that among individuals who tested positive to any of the pollen allergens, the positive ratio of CCD-specific IgE antibody was the highest for HRP (13.5%–50.0%). The results from the inhibition tests revealed that CCD was marginally present. Although IgE antibodies for cedar pollen did not react with CCD, IgE antibodies for Japanese cypress, orchard grass, and ragweed might be detected by the presence of CCD. Conclusion The results of the inhibition tests revealed the obvious presence of CCD suggesting its involvement. Considering these findings, careful evaluation of patient IgE results should be performed for Japanese cypress, orchard grass, and ragweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yokoi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshitake
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Inzai 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yuma Matsumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Michitsugu Kawada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Ziaur Rahman M, Maeda M, Itano S, Hossain A, Ishimizu T, Kimura Y. Molecular characterization of tomato α1,3/4-fucosidase, a member of glycosyl hydrolase family 29 involved in the degradation of plant complex typeN-glycans. J Biochem 2016; 161:421-432. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Okamoto-Uchida Y, Nakamura R, Matsuzawa Y, Soma M, Kawakami H, Ishii-Watabe A, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Teshima R, Saito Y. Different Results of IgE Binding- and Crosslinking-Based Allergy Tests Caused by Allergen Immobilization. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1662-1666. [PMID: 27725443 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical nature of allergen molecules differ from the liquid phase to the solid phase. However, conventional allergy tests are based on the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig)E binding to immobilized allergens. We recently developed an in vitro allergy testing method using a luciferase-reporting humanized rat mast cell line to detect IgE crosslinking-induced luciferase expression (EXiLE test). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antigen immobilization on the results of different in vitro allergy tests using two anti-ovalbumin (OVA) antibodies (Abs), E-C1 and E-G5, with different properties in the OVA-induced allergic reaction. Both Abs showed clear binding to OVA with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by BIAcore analysis. However, only E-C1 potentiated EXiLE response for the liquid-phase OVA. On the other hand, OVA immobilized on solid-phase induced EXiLE responses in both E-C1 Ab- and E-G5 Ab-sensitized mast cells. Western blotting of OVA indicated that E-C1 Ab binds both to OVA monomers and dimers, unlike E-G5 Ab, which probably binds only to the OVA dimer. These results suggest that antigen immobilization enhanced IgE crosslinking ability through multimerization of allergen molecules in the solid phase, resulting in an increase in false positives in IgE binding-based conventional in vitro allergy tests. These findings shed light on the physicochemical nature of antigens as an important factor for the development and evaluation of in vitro allergy tests and suggest that mast cell activation-based allergy testing with liquid-phase allergens is a promising strategy to evaluate the physiological interactions of IgE and allergens.
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Verhoeckx K, Broekman H, Knulst A, Houben G. Allergenicity assessment strategy for novel food proteins and protein sources. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79:118-124. [PMID: 27012375 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To solve the future food insecurity problem, alternative and sustainable protein sources (e.g. insects, rapeseed, fava bean and algae) are now being explored for the production of food and feed. To approve these novel protein sources for future food a comprehensive risk assessment is needed according to the European food legislation. Allergenicity risk assessment might pose some major difficulties, since detailed guidance on how to assess the allergenic potential of novel foods is not available. At present, the approach relies mostly on the guidance of allergenicity assessment for genetically modified (GM) plant foods. The most recent one was proposed by EFSA (2010 and 2011); "weight-of-evidence approach". However this guidance is difficult to interpret, not completely applicable or validated for novel foods and therefore needs some adjustments. In this paper we propose a conceptual strategy which is based on the "weight-of-evidence approach" for food derived from GM plants and other strategies that were previously published in the literature. This strategy will give more guidance on how to assess the allergenicity of novel food proteins and protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Verhoeckx
- TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; Dep. Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), P.O. Box 85500, Internal mail no G02.124, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Henrike Broekman
- Dep. Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), P.O. Box 85500, Internal mail no G02.124, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - André Knulst
- Dep. Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), P.O. Box 85500, Internal mail no G02.124, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert Houben
- TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; Dep. Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), P.O. Box 85500, Internal mail no G02.124, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lukschal A, Wallmann J, Bublin M, Hofstetter G, Mothes-Luksch N, Breiteneder H, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Mimotopes for Api g 5, a Relevant Cross-reactive Allergen, in the Celery-Mugwort-Birch-Spice Syndrome. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015; 8:124-31. [PMID: 26739405 PMCID: PMC4713875 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the celery-mugwort-birch-spice syndrome, a significant proportion of IgE is directed against high molecular weight (HMW) glycoproteins, including the celery allergen Api g 5. BIP3, a monoclonal antibody originally raised against birch pollen, recognizes HMW allergens in birch and mugwort pollens, celery, and Apiaceae spices. Our aim was to generate mimotopes using BIP3 for immunization against the HMW allergens relevant in the celery-mugwort-birch-spice cross reactivity syndrome. METHODS Mimotopes were selected from a random-peptide display library by BIP3 and applied in IgE inhibition assays. The 3 phage clones with the highest inhibitory capacity were chosen for immunization of BALB/c mice. Mouse immune sera were tested for IgG binding to blotted birch pollen extract and used for inhibiting patients' IgE binding. Furthermore, sera were tested for binding to Api g 5, to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a second glycoprotein, or to non-glycosylated control allergen Phl p 5 in ELISA, and the specific Api g 5-specific IgG titers were determined. RESULTS Three rounds of biopanning resulted in phage clones exhibiting 7 different sequences including 1 dominant, 1-6-cyclo-CHKLRCDKAIA. Three phage clones had the capacity to inhibit human IgE binding and induced IgG to the HMW antigen when used for immunizing BALB/c mice. The induced BIP3-mimotope IgG reached titers of 1:500 specifically to Api g 5, but hardly reacted to glycoprotein HRP, revealing a minor role of carbohydrates in their epitope. CONCLUSIONS The mimotopes characterized in this study mimic the epitope of BIP3 relevant for Api g 5, one of the cross-reactive HMW allergens relevant in the celery-mugwort-birch-spice syndrome. BIP3 mimotopes may be used in the future for hyposensitization in this clinical syndrome by virtue of good and specific immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lukschal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Wallmann
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Hofstetter
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Joshi AA, Peczuh MW, Kumar CV, Rusling JF. Ultrasensitive carbohydrate-peptide SPR imaging microarray for diagnosing IgE mediated peanut allergy. Analyst 2015; 139:5728-33. [PMID: 25259443 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severity of peanut allergies is linked to allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in blood, but diagnostics from assays using glycoprotein allergen mixtures may be inaccurate. Measuring IgEs specific to individual peptide and carbohydrate epitopes of allergenic proteins is promising. We report here the first immunoarray for IgEs utilizing both peptide and carbohydrate epitopes. A surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) microarray was equipped with peptide and β-xylosyl glycoside (BXG) epitopes from major peanut allergen glycoprotein Arachis hypogaea h2 (Ara-h2). A monoclonal anti-IgE antibody was included as positive control. IgEs were precaptured onto magnetic beads loaded with polyclonal anti-IgE antibodies to enhance sensitivity and minimize non-specific binding. As little as 0.1 attomole (0.5 pg mL(-1)) IgE was detected from dilute serum in 45 min. IgEs binding to Ara-h2 peptide and BXG were quantified in 10 μL of patient serum and correlated with standard ImmunoCAP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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Singh A, Shahi S, Katiyar RK, Gaur S, Jain V. Hypersensitivity to pollen of four different species of Brassica: a clinico-immunologic evaluation in patients of respiratory allergy in India. Asia Pac Allergy 2014; 4:197-205. [PMID: 25379479 PMCID: PMC4215438 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2014.4.4.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important source of edible oil in India. Several species of Brassica are grown in different parts of country for its oilseeds. Objective The objective was to investigate allergenicity to antigenic extracts of pollen of 4 species of Brassica. Methods Brassica campestris, Brassica juncea, Brassica nigra, and Brassica napus were selected for the detailed investigation. Pollen samples from each of the four species were collected from the polliniferous materials. The antigenic and allergenic profiles of these extracts were evaluated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Skin prick test, enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay and Western blot on atopic individuals. Results Out of the 159 atopic subjects tested, 21.38% were positive to at least one or other species of Brassica pollen, with highest skin positivity (13.20%) to B. campestris extract. Raised IgE with significant linear correlation with intensity of skin reactions was obtained. Protein fractions of 20, 25, 32, 37, 56, and 90 kDa were recognized by B. campestris and B. juncea whereas 56, 76, 87, and 90 kDa were recognized by B. nigra and B. napus as major IgE binding protein fractions. The patients also showed positivity to other inhalant pollen allergens tested. Conclusion IgE mediated hypersensitivity varied from 4.40% to 13.20% in Indian atopic subjects to pollen of one or the other species of Brassica. Protein fractions of 47, 56, 76, 87, and 90 kDa were identified as IgE binding by all the four species, however individual heterogeneity exists. Thus a local species may be more pertinent for immunotherapy. The major allergen needs to be further characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Singh
- Allergy and Aerobiology Division, Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110 037, India
| | - Shipra Shahi
- Allergy and Aerobiology Division, Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110 037, India
| | - Raj Kishore Katiyar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shailendra Gaur
- V P Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vikram Jain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner 334003, India
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Villalta D, Conte M, Asero R, Da Re M, Stella S, Martelli P. Isolated IgE reactivity to native walnut vicilin-like protein (nJug r 2) on ISAC™ microarray is due to cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 51:1991-5. [PMID: 23585182 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last version of the microarray-based testing ImmunoCAP ISAC 112™ includes the native walnut (Junglans regia) molecules 2S albumin (nJug r 1), vicilin (nJug r 2) and lipid transfer protein (nJug r 3). In view of the many unexpected cases of isolated positivity to nJug r 2 occurring in daily practice, we evaluated the association of these reactivities with clinical symptoms, as well as the relationship between sIgE and nJug r 2 and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). METHODS Sera from 320 consecutive allergic outpatients tested by ImmuoCAP ISAC™ 112 were considered. The medical records of all nJug r 2 positive patients were reviewed to assess clinical symptoms related to walnut allergy. A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between nJug r 2 and CCDs (nMUXF3) sIgE values, and a CAP inhibition assay was carried out to confirm the possible cross-reactivity between CCDs and nJug r 2. RESULTS Thirty-seven out of 320 sera tested (11.6%) were positive to nJug r 2. Among them three (8.1%) and eight (21.6%) scored positive for nJug r 1 and nJug r 3 as well, respectively. Twenty-seven (73%) sera showed isolated nJug r 2 positivity. Only nJug r 1 reactors had symptoms referred to walnut allergy. Twenty-five/37 nJug r 2-positive sera (67.6%) showed a simultaneous positivity to nMUXF3 and a significant correlation (p<0.0001) between the IgE levels to nJug r 2 and nMUXF3 (r²=0.787). After incubation with nMUXF3 a complete inhibition of sIgE reactivity to both nMUXF3 and nJug r 2 was shown. CONCLUSIONS The unexpected isolated sIgE reactivity to nJug r 2 found by ImmunoCAP ISAC™ 112 is frequently related to reactivity to cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes and it is lacking clinical significance.
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Mühlhoff C. Bedeutung der In-vitro-Diagnostik bei der Beurteilung berufsbedingter allergischer Erkrankungen. Allergo J 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-013-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dam S, Thaysen-Andersen M, Stenkjær E, Lorentzen A, Roepstorff P, Packer NH, Stougaard J. Combined N-glycome and N-glycoproteome analysis of the Lotus japonicus seed globulin fraction shows conservation of protein structure and glycosylation in legumes. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3383-92. [PMID: 23799247 DOI: 10.1021/pr400224s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Legume food allergy, such as allergy toward peanuts and soybeans, is a health issue predicted to worsen as dietary advice recommends higher intake of legume-based foods. Lotus japonicus (Lotus) is an established legume plant model system for studies of symbiotic and pathogenic microbial interactions and, due to its well characterized genotype/phenotype and easily manipulated genome, may also be suitable for studies of legume food allergy. Here we present a comprehensive study of the Lotus N-glycoproteome. The global and site-specific N-glycan structures of Lotus seed globulins were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based glycomics and glycoproteomics techniques. In total, 19 N-glycan structures comprising high mannose (∼20%), pauci-mannosidic (∼40%), and complex forms (∼40%) were determined. The pauci-mannosidic and complex N-glycans contained high amounts of the typical plant determinants β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose. Two abundant Lotus seed N-glycoproteins were site-specifically profiled; a predicted lectin containing two fully occupied N-glycosylation sites carried predominantly pauci-mannosidic structures in different distributions. In contrast, Lotus convicilin storage protein 2 (LCP2) carried exclusively high mannose N-glycans similar to its homologue, Ara h 1, which is the major allergen in peanut. In silico investigation confirmed that peanut Ara h 1 and Lotus LCP2 are highly similar at the primary and higher protein structure levels. Hence, we suggest that Lotus has the potential to serve as a model system for studying the role of seed proteins and their glycosylation in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Dam
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Sposato B, Scalese M. Prevalence and real clinical impact of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus communis sensitisations in Tuscan "Maremma", Italy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:17-24. [PMID: 21982402 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the impact of Cupressus sempervirens (Cs) and Juniperus communis (Jc) sensitisations in "Maremma" in southern Tuscany. METHODS 811 consecutive outpatients (357 F - 57.86%; age: 36.9 ± 16.6) with suspected allergic respiratory symptoms underwent skin prick tests (SPT) for common allergens and for Cs and Jc. RESULTS SPT resulted negative in 295 (36.37%) subjects. A Cs/Jc sensitisation was found in 294 (36.25%): 289 (98.3%) were sensitised to Cs whereas 198 (67.34%) to Jc. There was a co-sensitisation between Cs and Jc in 193 (65.6%) subjects. Cs/Jc mono-sensitisation was found in 39 (13.6%) subjects. A higher number (p<0.0001) of Cs/Jc sensitised subjects reported winter (131-44.55%) and spring (124-42.2%) symptoms compared to Cs/Jc non-sensitised and non-allergic subjects. Most Cs/Jc sensitised subjects reported rhinitis and conjunctivitis (p<0.0001), whereas only few reported coughing and asthma (p<0.01). The most frequent co-sensitisation was with grass, olive and other trees in Cs/Jc subjects (p<0.001). Those who reported winter symptoms, likely influenced by Cupressaceae, rhinitis was the main symptom whereas asthma was less frequent. Cs/Jc sensitisation resulted to be a risk factor (OR: 1.73 [CI95% 1.18-2.55]) for rhinitis whereas the probability of being asthmatic was reduced (OR: 0.62 [CI95% 0.44-0.85]). CONCLUSION The prevalence of Cs/Jc sensitisation is about 36% in "Maremma". However, only in 44% of the patients, Cs/Jc seem to cause typical winter symptoms. Rhinitis is the predominant symptom, whereas asthma is less frequent. Testing Cupressaceae sensitisation using Jc pollen extract, rather than Cs, may result to be less sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sposato
- Unità di Pneumologia, Ospedale "Misericordia", Grosseto, Italy.
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Mendonça LR, Veiga RV, Dattoli VC, Figueiredo CA, Fiaccone R, Santos J, Cruz ÁA, Rodrigues LC, Cooper PJ, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, Barreto ML, Alcantara-Neves NM. Toxocara seropositivity, atopy and wheezing in children living in poor neighbourhoods in urban Latin American. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1886. [PMID: 23133689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxocara canis and T. cati are parasites of dogs and cats, respectively, that infect humans and cause human toxocariasis. Infection may cause asthma-like symptoms but is often asymptomatic and is associated with a marked eosinophilia. Previous epidemiological studies indicate that T. canis infection may be associated with the development of atopy and asthma. Objectives To investigate possible associations between Toxocara spp. seropositivity and atopy and childhood wheezing in a population of children living in non-affluent areas of a large Latin American city. Methods The study was conducted in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Data on wheezing symptoms were collected by questionnaire, and atopy was measured by the presence of aeroallergen-specific IgE (sIgE). Skin prick test (SPT), total IgE and peripheral eosinophilia were measured. Toxocara seropositivity was determined by the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies, and intestinal helminth infections were determined by stool microscopy. Findings Children aged 4 to 11 years were studied, of whom 47% were seropositive for anti-Toxocara IgG; eosinophilia >4% occurred in 74.2% and >10% in 25.4%; 59.6% had elevated levels of total IgE; 36.8% had sIgE≥0.70 kU/L and 30.4% had SPT for at least one aeroallergen; 22.4% had current wheezing symptoms. Anti-Toxocara IgG was positively associated with elevated eosinophils counts, total IgE and the presence of specific IgE to aeroallergens but was inversely associated with skin prick test reactivity. Conclusion The prevalence of Toxocara seropositivity was high in the studied population of children living in conditions of poverty in urban Brazil. Toxocara infection, although associated with total IgE, sIgE and eosinophilia, may prevent the development of skin hypersensitivity to aeroallergens, possibly through increased polyclonal IgE and the induction of a modified Th2 immune reaction. Toxocara canis and T. cati are roundworms found in dogs and cats, respectively, that can also infect humans and cause several clinical features, including asthma-like symptoms. Human infections with T. canis have been associated with an increased prevalence of atopy and asthma. In the present study, we investigated the associations between Toxocara seropositivity with eosinophilia, total IgE, specific IgE and skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens, as well as atopic and non-atopic wheezing. Toxocara seropositivity was associated with elevated eosinophil counts and total and aeroallergen-specific IgE but was also associated with a decreased prevalence of skin prick test. Toxocara seropositivity was not associated with atopic wheezing. In conclusion, our data show that human toxocariasis, although associated with eosinophilia and raised levels of total and allergen-specific IgE, may play a role in the modulation of allergic effector responses in the skin.
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Nakamura R, Ishiwatari A, Higuchi M, Uchida Y, Nakamura R, Kawakami H, Urisu A, Teshima R. Evaluation of the luciferase assay-based in vitro elicitation test for serum IgE. Allergol Int 2012; 61:431-7. [PMID: 22722812 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.11-oa-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An in vitro elicitation test employing human high-affinity IgE receptor-expressing rat mast cell lines appears to be a useful method for measuring mast cell activation using a patient's IgE and an allergen; however, such cell lines are sensitive to human complements in the serum. We have recently developed a new luciferase-reporting mast cell line (RS-ATL8) to detect IgE crosslinking-induced luciferase expression (EXiLE) with relatively low quantities of serum IgE. METHODS A total of 30 patients suspected of having egg white (EW) allergy were subjected to an oral food challenge (OFC) test; then, the performances of EW-specific serum IgE (CAP-FEIA), EW-induced degranulation, and EXiLE responses in RS-ATL8 cells were compared using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The patients' sera were diluted to 1 : 100, which causes no cytotoxicity when sensitizing the RS-ATL8 cells for the degranulation and EXiLE tests. RESULTS The area under the ROC curves was highest in the EXiLE test (0.977), followed by CAP-FEIA (0.926) and degranulation (0.810). At an optimal cutoff range (1.648-1.876) calculated from the ROC curve of the EXiLE test, sensitivity and specificity were 0.944 and 0.917, respectively. A 95% positive predictive value was given at a cutoff level of 2.054 (fold increase in luciferase expression) by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to in vivo tests, the EXiLE test appears to be a useful tool in diagnosing patients suspected of having IgE-dependent EW allergy without the risk of severe systemic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Division of Novel Foods and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1−18−1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo,
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Watanabe M, Hirata H, Arima M, Hayashi Y, Chibana K, Yoshida N, Ikeno Y, Fukushima Y, Komura R, Okazaki K, Sugiyama K, Fukuda T. Measurement of Hymenoptera venom specific IgE by the IMMULITE 3gAllergy in subjects with negative or positive results by ImmunoCAP. Asia Pac Allergy 2012; 2:195-202. [PMID: 22872822 PMCID: PMC3406299 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients may receive negative results from a specific IgE (sIgE) test such as the ImmunoCAP (CAP) despite a documented history of systemic reaction to a Hymenoptera sting. Thus, further testing may be required using another serological method or venom skin prick tests to confirm allergy diagnosis and correct species. Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of CAP and IMMULITE 3gAllergy (IMMULITE) for detecting sIgE to Paper wasp (WA) and Yellow Jacket (YJ) venoms using patient clinical history as the comparator. Methods Sera from 70 participants with a history of systemic reactions (SR) to WA and/or YJ stings were tested using CAP and IMMULITE. Fifty participants from this group had negative results on CAP. To assess specificity, sera from 71 participants who had never experienced either a WA or YJ sting were tested using CAP and IMMULITE. Fifty participants from this group tested positive using CAP. Results In participants with a history of systemic reaction to a Hymenoptera sting, yet who tested negative for WA and/or YJ sIgE according to CAP, the positivity rate according to IMMULITE was 20-42% using 0.10 IUA/mL as the limit of detection (LoD), per the manufacturer's specification. When the LoD for CAP (0.35 IUA/mL) was applied to the IMMULITE results, positivity according to IMMULITE was 14-26%. Overall, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with SR were greater for IMMULITE than for CAP. For YJ: sensitivity (IMMULITE:CAP), 42.8%:28.5%; specificity, 53.5%:39.4%; agreement, 48.2%:34%. For WA, sensitivity (IMMULITE:CAP), 58.6%:28.5%; specificity, 49.3%:47.8%; agreement, 43.9%:38.3%. Conclusion The IMMULITE performed well for detecting sIgE to Hymenoptera venom
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineaki Watanabe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Cabauatan CR, Ramos JDA. Immunoglobulin E-binding reactivities of natural pollen grain extracts from selected grass species in the Philippines. Asia Pac Allergy 2012; 2:136-43. [PMID: 22701864 PMCID: PMC3345327 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pollen grains have been reported to be present in the Philippine atmosphere but studies regarding their allergenicity are limited. Objective The present study aimed to profile the sensitization of allergic individuals to selected grass pollen species and to characterize the pollen proteins that may be responsible for this allergenic response. Methods The protein profile of the grass pollen extracts from Cynodon dactylon, Saccharum spontaneum, Sporobulus indicus, Chloris barbata, Oryza sativa, Imperata cylindrica, and Zea mays was analyzed by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The specific-IgE profile of the allergic individuals and the allergenic potential of the pollen extracts were evaluated through Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and IgE immunoblotting. Results Sensitization of the allergic individuals to the pollen extracts was detected with I. cylindrica and O. sativa to be the most frequently recognized with more that 92% reactivity, whereas for C. dactylon and Z. mays, were found to have less than 25% reactivity. Conclusion Multiple IgE-binding proteins from S. indicus, S. spontaneum and C. barbata that were detected may be responsible for the allergic reactions among Filipino subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Cabauatan
- Center for Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Saint Mary's University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya 3700, Philippines
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Lin AH, Florvaag E, Van Do T, Johansson SGO, Levsen A, Vaali K. IgE sensitization to the fish parasite Anisakis simplex in a Norwegian population: a pilot study. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:431-5. [PMID: 22420531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reports on fish parasite Anisakis simplex allergy have increased in countries with high fish consumption in the last decade. In Norway, a high consumption country, the prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to A. simplex was still unknown. Thus, our objective was to investigate the sensitization prevalence in this country. At the Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, two main groups of surplus serum samples were collected: one from newly recruited blood donors (BDO) and the other from the Allergy laboratory (ALL) after analysing IgE and IgE antibodies. The latter was divided into three series: one containing unsorted sera and two sorted by either Phadiatop(®) ≥0.35 kU(A)/l or total IgE ≥1000 kU/l. The sera were analysed for total IgE and IgE antibodies against A. simplex, shrimp, house dust mite (HDM), cod and cross-reactive carbohydrates (CCDs). The prevalence of IgE sensitization to A. simplex was 2.0%, 2.2% and 6.6% in BDO, the unsorted and Phadiatop(®) positive serum groups, respectively. A considerable degree of cross-sensitization to shrimp and HDM is further suggested. Unspecific binding because of high total IgE or by binding to CCDs seemed to play a minor role. The prevalence of IgE sensitization to A. simplex appears to be lower in a Norwegian population than in other high fish-consuming countries, but might still be overestimated owing to cross-sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Lin
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.
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Shahali Y, Sutra JP, Charpin D, Mari A, Guilloux L, Sénéchal H, Poncet P. Differential IgE sensitization to cypress pollen associated to a basic allergen of 14 kDa. FEBS J 2012; 279:1445-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Unsel M, Mete N, Ardeniz O, Sin A, Gülbahar O, Kokuludağ A. Diagnostic value of specific IgE analysis in latex allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:281-7. [PMID: 22398567 DOI: 10.1159/000332929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precision of the methods used to diagnose latex allergy is of great importance due to false-positive results. Neither the skin prick test (SPT) nor the latex-specific IgE assay has 100% diagnostic accuracy. We analysed the diagnostic value of latex-specific IgE by the first-ever concomitant use of the SPT and nasal provocation test (NPT). METHODS Twenty-seven latex-sensitive patients (group 1), 46 aeroallergen-sensitive patients (group 2a) and 33 healthy subjects (group 2b) participated in the study. All groups underwent an SPT with latex and aeroallergens and an NPT with latex. Latex-specific IgE and total IgE levels were measured by the ImmunoCAP assay. RESULTS Latex-specific IgE was positive in 92.6, 30.4 and 9.1% of groups 1, 2a and 2b, respectively. The 11 aeroallergen-sensitive patients in group 1 and all of the patients in group 2a were predominantly sensitised to pollens (grass, weed and tree) and reacted to a lesser degree to house dust mite, moulds and animal dander. Combined pollinosis was remarkably more prevalent in patients with positive latex-specific IgE in group 2a than in those with negative latex-specific IgE (p = 0.001). The NPT was positive in 84.6% of group 1 and negative in all control subjects. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of the latex-specific IgE assay were 90.9, 72.2, 96.3 and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSION The high rate of false-positive results for latex-specific IgE by ImmunoCAP should be taken into account when making a diagnosis of latex allergy in patients with pollinosis, especially in those sensitised to more than one pollen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Unsel
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
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