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Kim JY, Yang JE, Mitchell JW, English LA, Yang SZ, Tenpas T, Dent EW, Wildonger J, Wright ER. Handling Difficult Cryo-ET Samples: A Study with Primary Neurons from Drosophila melanogaster. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:2127-2148. [PMID: 37966978 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular neurobiology has benefited from recent advances in the field of cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Numerous structural and ultrastructural insights have been obtained from plunge-frozen primary neurons cultured on electron microscopy grids. With most primary neurons having been derived from rodent sources, we sought to expand the breadth of sample availability by using primary neurons derived from 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larval brains. Ultrastructural abnormalities were encountered while establishing this model system for cryo-ET, which were exemplified by excessive membrane blebbing and cellular fragmentation. To optimize neuronal samples, we integrated substrate selection, micropatterning, montage data collection, and chemical fixation. Efforts to address difficulties in establishing Drosophila neurons for future cryo-ET studies in cellular neurobiology also provided insights that future practitioners can use when attempting to establish other cell-based model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jie E Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Josephine W Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA
| | - Lauren A English
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sihui Z Yang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tanner Tenpas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erik W Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jill Wildonger
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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2
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Sun P, Guan Y, Yang C, Hou H, Liu S, Yang B, Li X, Chen S, Wang L, Wang H, Huang Y, Sheng X, Peng J, Xiong W, Wang Y, Yin L. A Bioresorbable and Conductive Scaffold Integrating Silicon Membranes for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301859. [PMID: 37750601 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury represents one of the most common types of traumatic damage, severely impairing motor and sensory functions, and posttraumatic nerve regeneration remains a major challenge. Electrical cues are critical bioactive factors that promote nerve regrowth, and bioartificial scaffolds incorporating conductive materials to enhance the endogenous electrical field have been demonstrated to be effective. The utilization of fully biodegradable scaffolds can eliminate material residues, and circumvent the need for secondary retrieval procedures. Here, a fully bioresorbable and conductive nerve scaffold integrating N-type silicon (Si) membranes is proposed, which can deliver both structural guidance and electrical cues for the repair of nerve defects. The entire scaffold is fully biodegradable, and the introduction of N-type Si can significantly promote the proliferation and production of neurotrophic factors of Schwann cells and enhance the calcium activity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The conductive scaffolds enable accelerated nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery in rodents with sciatic nerve transection injuries. This work sheds light on the advancement of bioresorbable and electrically active materials to achieve desirable neural interfaces and improved therapeutic outcomes, offering essential strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226007, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Hou
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Boyao Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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3
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Patel T, Skonieczna M, Turczyn R, Krukiewicz K. Modulating pro-adhesive nature of metallic surfaces through a polypeptide coupling via diazonium chemistry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18365. [PMID: 37884622 PMCID: PMC10603177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of biomaterials able to facilitate cell adhesion is critical in the field of tissue engineering. Precise control of surface chemistry at the material/tissue interface plays a major role in enhancing the interactions between a biomaterial and living cells. Bio-integration is particularly important in case of various electrotherapies, since a close contact between tissue and electrode's surface facilitates treatment. A promising approach towards surface biofunctionalization involves the electrografting of diazonium salts followed by the modification of organic layer with pro-adhesive polypeptides. This study focuses on the modification of platinum electrodes with a 4-nitrobenzenediazonium layer, which is then converted to the aminobenzene moiety. The electrodes are further biofunctionalized with polypeptides (polylysine and polylysine/laminin) to enhance cell adhesion. This study also explores the differences between physical and chemical coupling of selected polypeptides to modulate pro-adhesive nature of Pt electrodes with respect to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and U87 astrocytes. Our results demonstrate the significant enhancement in cell adhesion for biofunctionalized electrodes, with more amplified adhesion noted for covalently coupled polypeptides. The implications of this research are crucial for the development of more effective and functional biomaterials, particularly biomedical electrodes, which have the potential to advance the field of bioelectronics and improve patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taral Patel
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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4
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Abstract
In the past 50 years, the advent of electronic technology to directly interface with neural tissue has transformed the fields of medicine and biology. Devices that restore or even replace impaired bodily functions, such as deep brain stimulators and cochlear implants, have ushered in a new treatment era for previously intractable conditions. Meanwhile, electrodes for recording and stimulating neural activity have allowed researchers to unravel the vast complexities of the human nervous system. Recent advances in semiconducting materials have allowed effective interfaces between electrodes and neuronal tissue through novel devices and structures. Often these are unattainable using conventional metallic electrodes. These have translated into advances in research and treatment. The development of semiconducting materials opens new avenues in neural interfacing. This review considers this emerging class of electrodes and how it can facilitate electrical, optical, and chemical sensing and modulation with high spatial and temporal precision. Semiconducting electrodes have advanced electrically based neural interfacing technologies owing to their unique electrochemical and photo-electrochemical attributes. Key operation modalities, namely sensing and stimulation in electrical, biochemical, and optical domains, are discussed, highlighting their contrast to metallic electrodes from the application and characterization perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ahnood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andre Chambers
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Omid Kavehei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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5
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Moslehi S, Rowland C, Smith JH, Griffiths W, Watterson WJ, Niell CM, Alemán BJ, Perez MT, Taylor RP. Comparison of fractal and grid electrodes for studying the effects of spatial confinement on dissociated retinal neuronal and glial behavior. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17513. [PMID: 36266414 PMCID: PMC9584887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of the geometry and material composition of electrodes on the survival and behavior of retinal cells is of importance for both fundamental cell studies and neuromodulation applications. We investigate how dissociated retinal cells from C57BL/6J mice interact with electrodes made of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes grown on silicon dioxide substrates. We compare electrodes with different degrees of spatial confinement, specifically fractal and grid electrodes featuring connected and disconnected gaps between the electrodes, respectively. For both electrodes, we find that neuron processes predominantly accumulate on the electrode rather than the gap surfaces and that this behavior is strongest for the grid electrodes. However, the 'closed' character of the grid electrode gaps inhibits glia from covering the gap surfaces. This lack of glial coverage for the grids is expected to have long-term detrimental effects on neuronal survival and electrical activity. In contrast, the interconnected gaps within the fractal electrodes promote glial coverage. We describe the differing cell responses to the two electrodes and hypothesize that there is an optimal geometry that maximizes the positive response of both neurons and glia when interacting with electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Moslehi
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Conor Rowland
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Julian H. Smith
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Willem Griffiths
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Department of Biology, 1210 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - William J. Watterson
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Cristopher M. Niell
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Department of Biology, 1210 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Benjamín J. Alemán
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, 1274 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, 1505 University of Oregon, Franklin Blvd., Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361NanoLund, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard P. Taylor
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Physics Department, 1371 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Materials Science Institute, 1252 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA ,grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, 1505 University of Oregon, Franklin Blvd., Eugene, OR 97403 USA
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6
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Kushwah N, Woeppel K, Dhawan V, Shi D, Cui XT. Effects of neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 and nanoparticle surface modification on microglia. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:273-286. [PMID: 35764240 PMCID: PMC10018678 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays for neural recording suffer from low yield and stability partly due to the inflammatory host responses. A neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 coating has been shown to promote electrode-neuron integration, reduce microglia activation and improve recording. Coupling L1 to surface via a nanoparticle (NP) base layer further increased the protein surface density and stability. However, the exact L1-microglia interaction in these coatings has not been studied. Here we cultured primary microglia on L1 modified surfaces (with and without NP) and characterized microglia activation upon phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Results showed L1 coatings reduced microglia's superoxide production in response to PMA and presented intrinsic antioxidant properties. Meanwhile, L1 decreased iNOS, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta), while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF beta 1, IL-10) in LPS stimulated microglia. Furthermore, L1 increased Arg-1 expression and phagocytosis upon LPS stimulation. Rougher NP surface showed lower number of microglia attached per area than their smooth counterpart, lower IL-6 release and superoxide production, and higher intrinsic reducing potential. Finally, we examined the effect of L1 and nanoparticle modifications on microglia response in vivo over 8 weeks with 2-photon imaging. Microglial coverage on the implant surface was found to be lower on the L1 modified substrates relative to unmodified, consistent with the in vitro observation. Our results indicate L1 significantly reduces superoxide production and inflammatory response of microglia and promotes wound healing, while L1 immobilization via a nanoparticle base layer brings added benefit without adverse effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface modification of microelectrode arrays with L1 has been shown to reduce microglia coverage on neural probe surface in vivo and improves neural recording, but the specific mechanism of action is not fully understood. The results in this study show that surface bound L1 reduces superoxide production from cultured microglia via direct reduction reaction and signaling pathways, increases anti-inflammatory cytokine release and phagocytosis in response to PMA or LPS stimulation. Additionally, roughening the surface with nanoparticles prior to L1 immobilization further increased the benefit of L1 in reducing microglia activation and oxidative stress. Together, our findings shed light on the mechanisms of action of nanotextured and neuroadhesive neural implant coatings and guide future development of seamless tissue interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Kushwah
- Neural Tissue/Electrode Interface and Neural Tissue Engineering lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Kevin Woeppel
- Neural Tissue/Electrode Interface and Neural Tissue Engineering lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Neural Tissue/Electrode Interface and Neural Tissue Engineering lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Delin Shi
- Neural Tissue/Electrode Interface and Neural Tissue Engineering lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Neural Tissue/Electrode Interface and Neural Tissue Engineering lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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7
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Rantataro S, Parkkinen I, Pande I, Domanskyi A, Airavaara M, Peltola E, Laurila T. Nanoscale geometry determines mechanical biocompatibility of vertically aligned nanofibers. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:235-47. [PMID: 35487425 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) are promising material candidates for neural biosensors due to their ability to detect neurotransmitters in physiological concentrations. However, the expected high rigidity of CNFs could induce mechanical mismatch with the brain tissue, eliciting formation of a glial scar around the electrode and thus loss of functionality. We have evaluated mechanical biocompatibility of VACNFs by growing nickel-catalyzed carbon nanofibers of different lengths and inter-fiber distances. Long nanofibers with large inter-fiber distance prevented maturation of focal adhesions, thus constraining cells from obtaining a highly spread morphology that is observed when astrocytes are being contacted with stiff materials commonly used in neural implants. A silicon nanopillar array with 500 nm inter-pillar distance was used to reveal that this inhibition of focal adhesion maturation occurs due to the surface nanoscale geometry, more precisely the inter-fiber distance. Live cell atomic force microscopy was used to confirm astrocytes being significantly softer on the long Ni-CNFs compared to other surfaces, including a soft gelatin hydrogel. We also observed hippocampal neurons to mature and form synaptic contacts when being cultured on both long and short carbon nanofibers, without having to use any adhesive proteins or a glial monoculture, indicating high cytocompatibility of the material also with neuronal population. In contrast, neurons cultured on a planar tetrahedral amorphous carbon sample showed immature neurites and indications of early-stage apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that mechanical biocompatibility of biomaterials is greatly affected by their nanoscale surface geometry, which provides means for controlling how the materials and their mechanical properties are perceived by the cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our research article shows, how nanoscale surface geometry determines mechanical biocompatibility of apparently stiff materials. Specifically, astrocytes were prevented from obtaining highly spread morphology when their adhesion site maturation was inhibited, showing similar morphology on nominally stiff vertically aligned carbon fiber (VACNF) substrates as when being cultured on ultrasoft surfaces. Furthermore, hippocampal neurons matured well and formed synapses on these carbon nanofibers, indicating high biocompatibility of the materials. Interestingly, the same VACNF materials that were used in this study have earlier also been proven to be capable for electrophysiological recordings and sensing neurotransmitters at physiological concentrations with ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity, thus providing a platform for future neural probes or smart culturing surfaces with superior sensing performance and biocompatibility.
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8
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Kanasugi K, Eguchi H, Ohgoe Y, Manome Y, Alanazi A, Hirakuri K. Correlation of Cell Proliferation with Surface Properties of Polymer-like Carbon Films of Different Thicknesses Prepared by a Radio-Frequency Plasma CVD Process. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 35806594 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, correlation of cell proliferation with surface properties of the polymer-like carbon (PLC) films of different thicknesses prepared by radio-frequency plasma CVD are investigated. Four PLC samples were prepared via radio frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition on Si substrates. Each PLC film was analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry to determine its thickness, refractive index (n), and extinction coefficient (k); the thickness ranged from 29.0 to 356.5 nm. Based on their n−k plots, all the samples were classified as PLC-type films. The biological response of the PLC films was evaluated in vitro using a cell culture. The samples with relatively thick PLC films (>300 nm) exhibited stronger cell proliferation properties than those with thinner films. Moreover, the results of the surface analysis showed no significant differences in the surface composition of those PLC samples, as analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, but that as the PLC films became thicker, their surfaces became rougher on the nanoscale and their wettability improved. Overall, this study showed that careful control of the film growth of PLC films, which affects their surface properties, is essential for their use in bio-interface applications.
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9
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Ding R, Miller NC, Woeppel KM, Cui XT, Jacobs TDB. Surface Area and Local Curvature: Why Roughness Improves the Bioactivity of Neural Implants. Langmuir 2022; 38:7512-7521. [PMID: 35678760 PMCID: PMC10080668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While roughening the surface of neural implants has been shown to significantly improve their performance, the mechanism for this improvement is not understood, preventing systematic optimization of surfaces. Specifically, prior work has shown that the cellular response to a surface can be significantly enhanced by coating the implant surface with inorganic nanoparticles and neuroadhesion protein L1, and this improvement occurs even when the surface chemistry is identical between the nanoparticle-coated and uncoated electrodes, suggesting the critical importance of surface topography. Here, we use transmission electron microscopy to characterize the topography of bare and nanoparticle-coated implants across 7 orders of magnitude in size, from the device scale to the atomic scale. The results reveal multiscale roughness, which cannot be adequately described using conventional roughness parameters. Indeed, the topography is nearly identical between the two samples at the smallest scales and also at the largest scales but vastly different in the intermediate scales, especially in the range of 5-100 nm. Using a multiscale topography analysis, we show that the coating causes a 76% increase in the available surface area for contact and an order-of-magnitude increase in local surface curvature at characteristic sizes corresponding to specific biological structures. These are correlated with a 75% increase in bound proteins on the surface and a 134% increase in neurite outgrowth. The present investigation presents a framework for analyzing the scale-dependent topography of medical device-relevant surfaces, and suggests the most critical size scales that determine the biological response to implanted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikang Ding
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara St., Benedum Hall Room 636, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Nathaniel C Miller
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara St., Benedum Hall Room 636, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kevin M Woeppel
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 5057 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Ave, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyan T Cui
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 5057 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Ave, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tevis D B Jacobs
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara St., Benedum Hall Room 636, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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10
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Moslehi S, Rowland C, Smith JH, Watterson WJ, Miller D, Niell CM, Alemán BJ, Perez MT, Taylor RP. Controlled assembly of retinal cells on fractal and Euclidean electrodes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265685. [PMID: 35385490 PMCID: PMC8985931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled assembly of retinal cells on artificial surfaces is important for fundamental cell research and medical applications. We investigate fractal electrodes with branches of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes and silicon dioxide gaps between the branches that form repeating patterns spanning from micro- to milli-meters, along with single-scaled Euclidean electrodes. Fluorescence and electron microscopy show neurons adhere in large numbers to branches while glial cells cover the gaps. This ensures neurons will be close to the electrodes’ stimulating electric fields in applications. Furthermore, glia won’t hinder neuron-branch interactions but will be sufficiently close for neurons to benefit from the glia’s life-supporting functions. This cell ‘herding’ is adjusted using the fractal electrode’s dimension and number of repeating levels. We explain how this tuning facilitates substantial glial coverage in the gaps which fuels neural networks with small-world structural characteristics. The large branch-gap interface then allows these networks to connect to the neuron-rich branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Moslehi
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Conor Rowland
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Julian H. Smith
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William J. Watterson
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David Miller
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cristopher M. Niell
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Benjamín J. Alemán
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail: (RPT); (MTP)
| | - Richard P. Taylor
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RPT); (MTP)
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Zummo F, Esposito P, Hou H, Wetzl C, Rius G, Tkatchenko R, Guimera A, Godignon P, Prato M, Prats-Alfonso E, Criado A, Scaini D. Bidirectional Modulation of Neuronal Cells Electrical and Mechanical Properties Through Pristine and Functionalized Graphene Substrates. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:811348. [PMID: 35087375 PMCID: PMC8788235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.811348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the quest for surface modifications to promote neuronal cell interfacing and modulation has risen. This course is justified by the requirements of emerging technological and medical approaches attempting to effectively interact with central nervous system cells, as in the case of brain-machine interfaces or neuroprosthetic. In that regard, the remarkable cytocompatibility and ease of chemical functionalization characterizing surface-immobilized graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) make them increasingly appealing for these purposes. Here, we compared the (morpho)mechanical and functional adaptation of rat primary hippocampal neurons when interfaced with surfaces covered with pristine single-layer graphene (pSLG) and phenylacetic acid-functionalized single-layer graphene (fSLG). Our results confirmed the intrinsic ability of glass-supported single-layer graphene to boost neuronal activity highlighting, conversely, the downturn inducible by the surface insertion of phenylacetic acid moieties. fSLG-interfaced neurons showed a significant reduction in spontaneous postsynaptic currents (PSCs), coupled to reduced cell stiffness and altered focal adhesion organization compared to control samples. Overall, we have here demonstrated that graphene substrates, both pristine and functionalized, could be alternatively used to intrinsically promote or depress neuronal activity in primary hippocampal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zummo
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Esposito
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Huilei Hou
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gemma Rius
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raphaela Tkatchenko
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anton Guimera
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Godignon
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elisabet Prats-Alfonso
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elisabet Prats-Alfonso,
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Alejandro Criado,
| | - Denis Scaini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Denis Scaini,
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12
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Abstract
The formation of neuron networks is a complex phenomenon of fundamental importance for understanding the development of the nervous system, and for creating novel bioinspired materials for tissue engineering and neuronal repair. The basic process underlying the network formation is axonal growth, a process involving the extension of axons from the cell body towards target neurons. Axonal growth is guided by environmental stimuli that include intercellular interactions, biochemical cues, and the mechanical and geometrical features of the growth substrate. The dynamics of the growing axon and its biomechanical interactions with the growing substrate remains poorly understood. In this paper, we develop a model of axonal motility which incorporates mechanical interactions between the axon and the growth substrate. We combine experimental data with theoretical analysis to measure the parameters that describe axonal growth on surfaces with micropatterned periodic geometrical features: diffusion (cell motility) coefficients, speed and angular distributions, and axon bending rigidities. Experiments performed on neurons treated Taxol (inhibitor of microtubule dynamics) and Blebbistatin (disruptor of actin filaments) show that the dynamics of the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in the axon steering mechanism. Our results demonstrate that axons follow geometrical patterns through a contact-guidance mechanism, in which high-curvature geometrical features impart high traction forces to the growth cone. These results have important implications for our fundamental understanding of axonal growth as well as for bioengineering novel substrates that promote neuronal growth and nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Sunnerberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marc Descoteaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cristian Staii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Woeppel KM, Cui XT. Nanoparticle and Biomolecule Surface Modification Synergistically Increases Neural Electrode Recording Yield and Minimizes Inflammatory Host Response. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002150. [PMID: 34190425 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Due to their ability to interface with neural tissues, neural electrodes are the key tool used for neurophysiological studies, electrochemical detection, brain computer interfacing, and countless neuromodulation therapies and diagnostic procedures. However, the long-term applications of neural electrodes are limited by the inflammatory host tissue response, decreasing detectable electrical signals, and insulating the device from the native environment. Surface modification methods are proposed to limit these detrimental responses but each has their own limitations. Here, a combinatorial approach is presented toward creating a stable interface between the electrode and host tissues. First, a thiolated nanoparticle (TNP) coating is utilized to increase the surface area and roughness. Next, the neural adhesion molecule L1 is immobilized to the nanoparticle modified substrate. In vitro, the combined nanotopographical and bioactive modifications (TNP+L1) elevate the bioactivity of L1, which is maintained for 28 d. In vivo, TNP+L1 modification improves the recording performance of the neural electrode arrays compared to TNP or L1 modification alone. Postmortem histology reveals greater neural cell density around the TNP+L1 coating while eliminating any inflammatory microglial encapsulation after 4 weeks. These results demonstrate that nanotopographical and bioactive modifications synergistically produce a seamless neural tissue interface for chronic neural implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Woeppel
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
- Center for the Neural basis of Cognition Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
- Center for the Neural basis of Cognition Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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14
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Yurchenko I, Farwell M, Brady DD, Staii C. Neuronal Growth and Formation of Neuron Networks on Directional Surfaces. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6020041. [PMID: 34208649 PMCID: PMC8293217 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neuron networks is a process of fundamental importance for understanding the development of the nervous system and for creating biomimetic devices for tissue engineering and neural repair. The basic process that controls the network formation is the growth of an axon from the cell body and its extension towards target neurons. Axonal growth is directed by environmental stimuli that include intercellular interactions, biochemical cues, and the mechanical and geometrical properties of the growth substrate. Despite significant recent progress, the steering of the growing axon remains poorly understood. In this paper, we develop a model of axonal motility, which incorporates substrate-geometry sensing. We combine experimental data with theoretical analysis to measure the parameters that describe axonal growth on micropatterned surfaces: diffusion (cell motility) coefficients, speed and angular distributions, and cell-substrate interactions. Experiments performed on neurons treated with inhibitors for microtubules (Taxol) and actin filaments (Y-27632) indicate that cytoskeletal dynamics play a critical role in the steering mechanism. Our results demonstrate that axons follow geometrical patterns through a contact-guidance mechanism, in which geometrical patterns impart high traction forces to the growth cone. These results have important implications for bioengineering novel substrates to guide neuronal growth and promote nerve repair.
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15
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16
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Vafaiee M, Mohammadpour R, Vossoughi M, Asadian E, Janahmadi M, Sasanpour P. Carbon Nanotube Modified Microelectrode Array for Neural Interface. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:582713. [PMID: 33520951 PMCID: PMC7839404 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.582713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coatings have been shown over the past few years as a promising material for neural interface applications. In particular, in the field of nerve implants, CNTs have fundamental advantages due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, carbon nanotubes multi-electrode arrays (CNT-modified-Au MEAs) were fabricated based on gold multi-electrode arrays (Au-MEAs). The electrochemical impedance spectra of CNT-modified-Au MEA and Au-MEA were compared employing equivalent circuit models. In comparison with Au-MEA (17 Ω), CNT-modified-Au MEA (8 Ω) lowered the overall impedance of the electrode at 1 kHz by 50%. The results showed that CNT-modified-Au MEAs have good properties such as low impedance, high stability and durability, as well as scratch resistance, which makes them appropriate for long-term application in neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Vafaiee
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Mohammadpour
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Asadian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Fendler C, Harberts J, Rafeldt L, Loers G, Zierold R, Blick RH. Neurite guidance and neuro-caging on steps and grooves in 2.5 dimensions. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:5192-5200. [PMID: 36132017 PMCID: PMC9417336 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Directed guidance of neurites is a pre-requisite for tailor-made designs of interfaces between cells and semiconducting components. Grayscale lithography, reactive ion etching, and ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography are potent semiconductor industry-compatible techniques for a cost- and time-effective fabrication of modulated surfaces. In this work, neurite outgrowth of murine cerebellar neurons on 2.5D pathways produced with these methods is studied. Structures of micron-sized steps and grooves serve as cell culture platforms. The effects of contact guidance through topography and chemical guidance through selective poly-d-lysine coating on these platforms are analyzed. As a consequence, the herein presented fabrication approach can be utilized to cultivate and to study low-density neuronal networks in 2.5D configuration with a high degree of order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Fendler
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jann Harberts
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Lars Rafeldt
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg 20251 Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert H Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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18
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Harberts J, Fendler C, Teuber J, Siegmund M, Silva A, Rieck N, Wolpert M, Zierold R, Blick RH. Toward Brain-on-a-Chip: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Guided Neuronal Networks in Tailor-Made 3D Nanoprinted Microscaffolds. ACS Nano 2020; 14:13091-13102. [PMID: 33058673 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain-on-a-chip (BoC) concepts should consider three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to mimic the 3D nature of the human brain not accessible by conventional planar cell culturing. Furthermore, the essential key to adequately address drug development for human pathophysiological diseases of the nervous system, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's, is to employ human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons instead of neurons from animal models. To address both issues, we present electrophysiologically mature human iPSC-derived neurons cultured in BoC applicable microscaffolds prepared by direct laser writing. 3D nanoprinted tailor-made elevated cavities interconnected by freestanding microchannels were used to create defined neuronal networks-as a proof of concept-with two-dimensional topology. The neuronal outgrowth in these nonplanar structures was investigated, among others, in terms of neurite length, size of continuous networks, and branching behavior using z-stacks prepared by confocal microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images prepared by focused ion beam milling. Functionality of the human iPSC-derived neurons was demonstrated with patch clamp measurements in both current- and voltage-clamp mode. Action potentials and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents-fundamental prerequisites for proper network signaling-prove full integrity of these artificial neuronal networks. Considering the network formation occurring within only a few days and the versatile nature of direct laser writing to create even more complex scaffolds for 3D network topologies, we believe that our study offers additional approaches in human disease research to mimic the complex interconnectivity of the human brain in BoC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Harberts
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Fendler
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Teuber
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Siegmund
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Silva
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Niklas Rieck
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Life Science Hamburg gGmbH, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Merle Wolpert
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Life Science Hamburg gGmbH, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert H Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Asif A, García‐López S, Heiskanen A, Martínez‐Serrano A, Keller SS, Pereira MP, Emnéus J. Pyrolytic Carbon Nanograss Enhances Neurogenesis and Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Midbrain Neural Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001108. [PMID: 32902188 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in research on the interaction of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with nanotopographies and biomaterials are enhancing the ability to influence cell migration, proliferation, gene expression, and tailored differentiation toward desired phenotypes. Here, the fabrication of pyrolytic carbon nanograss (CNG) nanotopographies is reported and demonstrated that these can be employed as cell substrates boosting hNSCs differentiation into dopaminergic neurons (DAn), a long-time pursued goal in regenerative medicine based on cell replacement. In the near future, such structures can play a crucial role in the near future for stem-cell based cell replacement therapy (CRT) and bio-implants for Parkinson's disease (PD). The unique combination of randomly distributed nanograss topographies and biocompatible pyrolytic carbon material is optimized to provide suitable mechano-material cues for hNSCs adhesion, division, and DAn differentiation of midbrain hNSCs. The results show that in the presence of the biocoating poly-L-lysine (PLL), the CNG enhances hNSCs neurogenesis up to 2.3-fold and DAn differentiation up to 3.5-fold. Moreover, for the first time, consistent evidence is provided, that CNGs without any PLL coating are not only supporting cell survival but also lead to significantly enhanced neurogenesis and promote hNSCs to acquire dopaminergic phenotype compared to PLL coated topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Asif
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering) Produktionstorvet Building 423, Room 122 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Silvia García‐López
- Department of Molecular Biology Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM‐CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Arto Heiskanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering) Produktionstorvet Building 423, Room 122 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Alberto Martínez‐Serrano
- Department of Molecular Biology Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM‐CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Stephan S. Keller
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab) Ørsteds Plads, Building 347 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Marta P. Pereira
- Department of Molecular Biology Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM‐CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering) Produktionstorvet Building 423, Room 122 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
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Zielińska-Górska M, Hotowy A, Wierzbicki M, Bałaban J, Sosnowska M, Jaworski S, Strojny B, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Graphene oxide nanofilm and the addition of L-glutamine can promote development of embryonic muscle cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:76. [PMID: 32414365 PMCID: PMC7229609 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formation of muscular pseudo-tissue depends on muscle precursor cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking structure and factors stimulating cell differentiation. These three things cooperate and can create a tissue-like structure, however, their interrelationships are relatively unknown. The objective was to study the interaction between surface properties, culture medium composition and heterogeneous cell culture. We would like to demonstrate that changing the surface properties by coating with graphene oxide nanofilm (nGO) can affect cell behaviour and especially their need for the key amino acid l-glutamine (L-Glu). Results Chicken embryo muscle cells and their precursors, cultured in vitro, were used as the experimental model. The mesenchymal stem cell, collected from the hind limb of the chicken embryo at day 8 were divided into 4 groups; the control group and groups treated with nGO, L-Glu and nGO supplied with L-Glu (nGOxL-Glu). The roughness of the surface of the plastic plate covered with nGO was much lower than a standard plate. The test of nGO biocompatibility demonstrated that the cells were willing to settle on the nGO without any toxic effects. Moreover, nGO by increasing hydrophilicity and reducing roughness and presumably through chemical bonds available on the GO surface stimulated the colonisation of primary stromal cells that promote embryonic satellite cells. The viability significantly increased in cells cultured on nGOxL-Glu. Observations of cell morphology showed that the most mature state of myogenesis was characteristic for the group nGOxL-Glu. This result was confirmed by increasing the expression of MYF5 genes at mRNA and protein levels. nGO also increased the expression of MYF5 and also very strongly the expression of PAX7 at mRNA and protein levels. However, when analysing the expression of PAX7, a positive link was observed between the nGO surface and the addition of L-Glu. Conclusions The use of nGO and L-Glu supplement may improve myogenesis and also the myogenic potential of myocytes and their precursors by promoting the formation of satellite cells. Studies have, for the first time, demonstrated positive cooperation between surface properties nGO and L-Glu supplementation to the culture medium regarding the myogenic potential of cells involved in muscle formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Zielińska-Górska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaśmina Bałaban
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Liu H, Fang C, Gong Z, Chang RCC, Qian J, Gao H, Lin Y. Fundamental Characteristics of Neuron Adhesion Revealed by Forced Peeling and Time-Dependent Healing. Biophys J 2020; 118:1811-1819. [PMID: 32197062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A current bottleneck in the advance of neurophysics is the lack of reliable methods to quantitatively measure the interactions between neural cells and their microenvironment. Here, we present an experimental technique to probe the fundamental characteristics of neuron adhesion through repeated peeling of well-developed neurite branches on a substrate with an atomic force microscopy cantilever. At the same time, a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope is also used to monitor the activities of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) during detaching. It was found that NCAMs aggregate into clusters at the neurite-substrate interface, resulting in strong local attachment with an adhesion energy of ∼0.1 mJ/m2 and sudden force jumps in the recorded force-displacement curve. Furthermore, by introducing a healing period between two forced peelings, we showed that stable neurite-substrate attachment can be re-established in 2-5 min. These findings are rationalized by a stochastic model, accounting for the breakage and rebinding of NCAM-based molecular bonds along the interface, and provide new insights into the mechanics of neuron adhesion as well as many related biological processes including axon outgrowth and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Kelly A, Farid N, Krukiewicz K, Belisle N, Groarke J, Waters EM, Trotier A, Laffir F, Kilcoyne M, O'Connor GM, Biggs MJ. Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structure Enhances Neuroelectrode Charge Transfer Capabilities and Modulates Astrocyte Function. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1449-1461. [PMID: 33455378 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain machine interface (BMI) describes a group of technologies capable of communicating with excitable nervous tissue within the central nervous system (CNS). BMIs have seen major advances in recent years, but these advances have been impeded because of a temporal deterioration in the signal to noise ratio of recording electrodes following insertion into the CNS. This deterioration has been attributed to an intrinsic host tissue response, namely, reactive gliosis, which involves a complex series of immune mediators, resulting in implant encapsulation via the synthesis of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and the recruitment of glial cells. There is a clinical need to reduce tissue encapsulation in situ and improve long-term neuroelectrode functionality. Physical modification of the electrode surface at the nanoscale could satisfy these requirements by integrating electrochemical and topographical signals to modulate neural cell behavior. In this study, commercially available platinum iridium (Pt/Ir) microelectrode probes were nanotopographically functionalized using femto/picosecond laser processing to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Three different topographies and their physical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of these interfaces were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The in vitro response of mixed cortical cultures (embryonic rat E14/E17) was subsequently assessed by confocal microscopy, ELISA, and multiplex protein array analysis. Overall LIPSS features improved the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, promoted cell alignment, and modulated the expression of multiple ion channels involved in key neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriona Kelly
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nazar Farid
- National Centre for Laser Applications, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.,Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Nicole Belisle
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - John Groarke
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Elaine M Waters
- Glycosciences School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Trotier
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Fathima Laffir
- Bernal Institute, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Glycosciences School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gerard M O'Connor
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.,National Centre for Laser Applications, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Manus J Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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23
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Cutarelli A, Ghio S, Zasso J, Speccher A, Scarduelli G, Roccuzzo M, Crivellari M, Maria Pugno N, Casarosa S, Boscardin M, Conti L. Vertically-Aligned Functionalized Silicon Micropillars for 3D Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cortical Progenitors. Cells 2019; 9:E88. [PMID: 31905823 PMCID: PMC7017050 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon is a promising material for tissue engineering since it allows to produce micropatterned scaffolding structures resembling biological tissues. Using specific fabrication methods, it is possible to build aligned 3D network-like structures. In the present study, we exploited vertically-aligned silicon micropillar arrays as culture systems for human iPSC-derived cortical progenitors. In particular, our aim was to mimic the radially-oriented cortical radial glia fibres that during embryonic development play key roles in controlling the expansion, radial migration and differentiation of cortical progenitors, which are, in turn, pivotal to the establishment of the correct multilayered cerebral cortex structure. Here we show that silicon vertical micropillar arrays efficiently promote expansion and stemness preservation of human cortical progenitors when compared to standard monolayer growth conditions. Furthermore, the vertically-oriented micropillars allow the radial migration distinctive of cortical progenitors in vivo. These results indicate that vertical silicon micropillar arrays can offer an optimal system for human cortical progenitors' growth and migration. Furthermore, similar structures present an attractive platform for cortical tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cutarelli
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Simone Ghio
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler-Center for Material and Microsystem, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Jacopo Zasso
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Speccher
- Laboratory of Neural Development and Regeneration, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Giorgina Scarduelli
- Advanced Imaging Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Michela Roccuzzo
- Advanced Imaging Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Michele Crivellari
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler-Center for Material and Microsystem, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nicola Maria Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Casarosa
- Laboratory of Neural Development and Regeneration, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Maurizio Boscardin
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler-Center for Material and Microsystem, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (J.Z.)
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24
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Abstract
Geometrical features play a very important role in neuronal growth and the formation of functional connections between neuronal cells. Here, we analyze the dynamics of axonal growth for neuronal cells cultured on micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. We utilize fluorescence microscopy to image axons, quantify their dynamics, and demonstrate that periodic geometrical patterns impart strong directional bias to neuronal growth. We quantify axonal alignment and present a general stochastic approach that quantitatively describes the dynamics of the growth cones. Neuronal growth is described by a general phenomenological model, based on a simple automatic controller with a closed-loop feedback system. We demonstrate that axonal alignment on these substrates is determined by the surface geometry, and it is quantified by the deterministic part of the stochastic (Langevin and Fokker-Planck) equations. We also show that the axonal alignment with the surface patterns is greatly suppressed by the neuron treatment with Blebbistatin, a chemical compound that inhibits the activity of myosin II. These results give new insight into the role played by the molecular motors and external geometrical cues in guiding axonal growth, and could lead to novel approaches for bioengineering neuronal regeneration platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Marcos Vensi Basso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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25
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Liliom H, Lajer P, Bérces Z, Csernyus B, Szabó Á, Pinke D, Lőw P, Fekete Z, Pongrácz A, Schlett K. Comparing the effects of uncoated nanostructured surfaces on primary neurons and astrocytes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2350-2359. [PMID: 31161618 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The long-term application of central nervous system implants is currently limited by the negative response of the brain tissue, affecting both the performance of the device and the survival of nearby cells. Topographical modification of implant surfaces mimicking the structure and dimensions of the extracellular matrix may provide a solution to this negative tissue response and has been shown to affect the attachment and behavior of both neurons and astrocytes. In our study, commonly used neural implant materials, silicon, and platinum were tested with or without nanoscale surface modifications. No biological coatings were used in order to only examine the effect of the nanostructuring. We seeded primary mouse astrocytes and hippocampal neurons onto four different surfaces: flat polysilicon, nanostructured polysilicon, and platinum-coated versions of these surfaces. Fluorescent wide-field, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the attachment, spreading and proliferation of these cell types. In case of astrocytes, we found that both cell number and average cell spreading was significantly larger on platinum, compared to silicon surfaces, while silicon surfaces impeded glial proliferation. Nanostructuring did not have a significant effect on either parameter in astrocytes but influenced the orientation of actin filaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein fibers. Neuronal soma attachment was impaired on metal surfaces while nanostructuring seemed to influence neuronal growth cone morphology, regardless of surface material. Taken together, the type of metals tested had a profound influence on cellular responses, which was only slightly modified by nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Liliom
- Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Panna Lajer
- Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bérces
- Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Csernyus
- Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos Pinke
- Lab. of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőw
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Pongrácz
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Schlett
- Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Koklu A, Atmaramani R, Hammack A, Beskok A, Pancrazio JJ, Gnade BE, Black BJ. Gold nanostructure microelectrode arrays for in vitro recording and stimulation from neuronal networks. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:235501. [PMID: 30776783 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab07cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An ideal microelectrode array (MEA) design should include materials and structures which exhibit biocompatibility, low electrode polarization, low impedance/noise, and structural durability. Here, the fabrication of MEAs with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes deposited with self-similar gold nanostructures (GNS) is described. We show that fern leaf fractal-like GNS deposited on ITO electrodes are conducive for neural cell attachment and viability while reducing the interfacial impedance more than two orders of magnitude at low frequencies (100-1000 Hz) versus bare ITO. GNS MEAs, with low interfacial impedance, allowed the detection of extracellular action potentials with excellent signal-to-noise ratios (SNR, 20.26 ± 2.14). Additionally, the modified electrodes demonstrated electrochemical and mechanical stability over 29 d in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Koklu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75205, United States of America
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27
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Yurchenko I, Vensi Basso JM, Syrotenko VS, Staii C. Anomalous diffusion for neuronal growth on surfaces with controlled geometries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216181. [PMID: 31059532 PMCID: PMC6502317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometrical cues are known to play a very important role in neuronal growth and the formation of neuronal networks. Here, we present a detailed analysis of axonal growth and dynamics for neuronal cells cultured on patterned polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. We use fluorescence microscopy to image neurons, quantify their dynamics, and demonstrate that the substrate geometrical patterns cause strong directional alignment of axons. We quantify axonal growth and report a general stochastic approach that quantitatively describes the motion of growth cones. The growth cone dynamics is described by Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations with both deterministic and stochastic contributions. We show that the deterministic terms contain both the angular and speed dependence of axonal growth, and that these two contributions can be separated. Growth alignment is determined by surface geometry, and it is quantified by the deterministic part of the Langevin equation. We combine experimental data with theoretical analysis to measure the key parameters of the growth cone motion: speed and angular distributions, correlation functions, diffusion coefficients, characteristics speeds and damping coefficients. We demonstrate that axonal dynamics displays a cross-over from Brownian motion (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process) at earlier times to anomalous dynamics (superdiffusion) at later times. The superdiffusive regime is characterized by non-Gaussian speed distributions and power law dependence of the axonal mean square length and the velocity correlation functions. These results demonstrate the importance of geometrical cues in guiding axonal growth, and could lead to new methods for bioengineering novel substrates for controlling neuronal growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yurchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joao Marcos Vensi Basso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vladyslav Serhiiovych Syrotenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cristian Staii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
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28
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Fendler C, Denker C, Harberts J, Bayat P, Zierold R, Loers G, Münzenberg M, Blick RH. Microscaffolds by Direct Laser Writing for Neurite Guidance Leading to Tailor‐Made Neuronal Networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800329. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Fendler
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN)Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Christian Denker
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Greifswald Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 6 Greifswald 17489 Germany
| | - Jann Harberts
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN)Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Parisa Bayat
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN)Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN)Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Falkenried 94 Hamburg 20251 Germany
| | - Markus Münzenberg
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Greifswald Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 6 Greifswald 17489 Germany
| | - Robert H. Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN)Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
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29
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Jhala D, Rather H, Kedaria D, Shah J, Singh S, Vasita R. Biomimetic polycaprolactone-chitosan nanofibrous substrate influenced cell cycle and ECM secretion affect cellular uptake of nanoclusters. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:79-86. [PMID: 30671563 PMCID: PMC6330379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic cell culture substrates are developed as an alternative to the conventional substrates. They provide necessary biochemical and biophysical cues to the cells from their surrounding environment for their optimal growth, behaviour and physiology. Changes in physiology of cells growing on biomimetic substrate can essentially affect results of in vitro biological experiments such as drug cytotoxicity, nanoparticle internalization or signalling pathways. As majority of ECM proteins are fibrous in nature, nanofibrous scaffolds have more biomimicking properties. Therefore, in this study, we developed ECM mimicking polycaprolactone-chitosan nanofiber substrate and evaluated its effect on cell morphology, proliferation, cell cycle and ECM production. Further, cellular uptake of BSA-AuNCs has been assessed on conventional and biomimetic substrate in order to demonstrate the effect of these events on cellular properties. It was observed that the cells that were grown for 15 days on the nanofibers, had majority of cells in the proliferative phase of cell cycle compared to TCPS. Moreover, these cells showed extensive collagen and fibronectin production. Due to these conditions C3H10T1/2 cells displayed higher cell internalization of BSA-AuNCs. Overall, this study indicates that the nano-topographical and biochemical environment could alter the cell proliferative behaviour and ECM production, which affects the cell internalization of BSA-AuNCs. Also, PCL-chitosan nanofibrous substrate could be a better alternative to TCPS for cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Jhala
- Biomaterials and Biomimetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Hilal Rather
- Biomaterials and Biomimetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Kedaria
- Biomaterials and Biomimetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Juhi Shah
- Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Vasita
- Biomaterials and Biomimetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
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30
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Abstract
Growth and survival of biological cells (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) on artificial environments often depend on their interactions with the specific surface. Various organic materials can be coated on substrates to assist cells' adhesion and other subsequent cellular processes. However, these coatings are expensive, degrade over short time period, and may even interfere with the cells' signaling processes. Therefore, the use of inorganic surfaces in order to control cellular interactions is of scientific importance from fundamental and application perspectives. Among inorganic materials, oxide thin films have received considerable attention. Thin films of oxides have the advantage of tailoring the surfaces for cellular interactions while using a negligible amount of the oxide material. Here, we review the lesser known application of inorganic oxide coatings as biocompatible and implantable platforms for different purposes, such as biofilm inhibition, cell culture and implant enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khokhlova
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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31
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Iatalese M, Coluccio ML, Onesto V, Amato F, Di Fabrizio E, Gentile F. Relating the rate of growth of metal nanoparticles to cluster size distribution in electroless deposition. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:228-240. [PMID: 36132476 PMCID: PMC9473164 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroless deposition on patterned silicon substrates enables the formation of metal nanomaterials with tight control over their size and shape. In the technique, metal ions are transported by diffusion from a solution to the active sites of an autocatalytic substrate where they are reduced as metals upon contact. Here, using diffusion limited aggregation models and numerical simulations, we derived relationships that correlate the cluster size distribution to the total mass of deposited particles. We found that the ratio ξ between the rates of growth of two different metals depends on the ratio γ between the rates of growth of clusters formed by those metals through the linearity law ξ = 14(γ - 1). We then validated the model using experiments. Different from other methods, the model derives k using as input the geometry of metal nanoparticle clusters, decoded by SEM or AFM images of samples, and a known reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iatalese
- Akka Technologies Via Giacomo Leopardi 6 40122 Bologna Italy
| | - M L Coluccio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - V Onesto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - F Amato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - E Di Fabrizio
- Physical Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - F Gentile
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II 80125 Naples Italy
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32
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Imaninezhad M, Schober J, Griggs D, Ruminski P, Kuljanishvili I, Zustiak SP. Cell Attachment and Spreading on Carbon Nanotubes Is Facilitated by Integrin Binding. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:129. [PMID: 30320079 PMCID: PMC6165858 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their exceptional physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied for their effect on cellular behaviors. However, little is known about the process by which cells attach and spread on CNTs and the process for cell attachment and spreading on individual single-walled CNTs has not been studied. Cell adhesion and spreading is essential for cell communication and regulation and the mechanical interaction between cells and the underlying substrate can influence and control cell behavior and function. A limited number of studies have described different adhesion mechanisms, such as cellular process entanglements with multi-walled CNT aggregates or adhesion due to adsorption of serum proteins onto the nanotubes. Here, we hypothesized that cell attachment and spreading to both individual single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNT aggregates is governed by the same mechanism. Specifically, we suggest that cell attachment and spreading on nanotubes is integrin-dependent and is facilitated by the adsorption of serum and cell-secreted adhesive proteins to the nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Imaninezhad
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joseph Schober
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - David Griggs
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peter Ruminski
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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33
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Rahman SU, Nagrath M, Ponnusamy S, Arany PR. Nanoscale and Macroscale Scaffolds with Controlled-Release Polymeric Systems for Dental Craniomaxillofacial Tissue Engineering. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1478. [PMID: 30127246 PMCID: PMC6120038 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in stem cell biology has resulted in a major current focus on effective modalities to promote directed cellular behavior for clinical therapy. The fundamental principles of tissue engineering are aimed at providing soluble and insoluble biological cues to promote these directed biological responses. Better understanding of extracellular matrix functions is ensuring optimal adhesive substrates to promote cell mobility and a suitable physical niche to direct stem cell responses. Further, appreciation of the roles of matrix constituents as morphogen cues, termed matrikines or matricryptins, are also now being directly exploited in biomaterial design. These insoluble topological cues can be presented at both micro- and nanoscales with specific fabrication techniques. Progress in development and molecular biology has described key roles for a range of biological molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to serve as morphogens promoting directed behavior in stem cells. Controlled-release systems involving encapsulation of bioactive agents within polymeric carriers are enabling utilization of soluble cues. Using our efforts at dental craniofacial tissue engineering, this narrative review focuses on outlining specific biomaterial fabrication techniques, such as electrospinning, gas foaming, and 3D printing used in combination with polymeric nano- or microspheres. These avenues are providing unprecedented therapeutic opportunities for precision bioengineering for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ur Rahman
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Malvika Nagrath
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Sasikumar Ponnusamy
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Praveen R Arany
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Messina GML, Bocchinfuso G, Giamblanco N, Mazzuca C, Palleschi A, Marletta G. Orienting proteins by nanostructured surfaces: evidence of a curvature-driven geometrical resonance. Nanoscale 2018; 10:7544-7555. [PMID: 29637964 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical reports have shown that nanostructured surfaces have a dramatic effect on the amount of protein adsorbed and the conformational state and, in turn, on the performances of the related devices in tissue engineering strategies. Here we report an innovative method to prepare silica-based nanostructured surfaces with a reproducible, well-defined local curvature, consisting of ordered hexagonally packed arrays of curved hemispheres, from nanoparticles of different diameters (respectively 147 nm, 235 nm and 403 nm). The nanostructured surfaces have been made chemically homogeneous by partially embedding silica nanoparticles in poly(hydroxymethylsiloxane) films, further modified by means of UV-O3 treatments. This paper has been focused on the experimental and theoretical study of laminin, taken as a model protein, to study the nanocurvature effects on the protein configuration at nanostructured surfaces. A simple model, based on the interplay of electrostatic interactions between the charged terminal domains of laminin and the nanocurved charged surfaces, closely reproduces the experimental findings. In particular, the model suggests that nanocurvature drives the orientation of rigid proteins by means of a "geometrical resonance" effect, involving the matching of dimensions, charge distribution and spatial arrangement of both adsorbed molecules and adsorbent nanostructures. Overall, the results pave the way to unravel the nanostructured surface effects on the intra- and inter-molecular organization processes of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M L Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Wellman SM, Eles JR, Ludwig KA, Seymour JP, Michelson NJ, McFadden WE, Vazquez AL, Kozai TDY. A Materials Roadmap to Functional Neural Interface Design. Adv Funct Mater 2018; 28:1701269. [PMID: 29805350 PMCID: PMC5963731 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in neurotechnologies for electrophysiology, neurochemical sensing, neuromodulation, and optogenetics are revolutionizing scientific understanding of the brain while enabling treatments, cures, and preventative measures for a variety of neurological disorders. The grand challenge in neural interface engineering is to seamlessly integrate the interface between neurobiology and engineered technology, to record from and modulate neurons over chronic timescales. However, the biological inflammatory response to implants, neural degeneration, and long-term material stability diminish the quality of interface overtime. Recent advances in functional materials have been aimed at engineering solutions for chronic neural interfaces. Yet, the development and deployment of neural interfaces designed from novel materials have introduced new challenges that have largely avoided being addressed. Many engineering efforts that solely focus on optimizing individual probe design parameters, such as softness or flexibility, downplay critical multi-dimensional interactions between different physical properties of the device that contribute to overall performance and biocompatibility. Moreover, the use of these new materials present substantial new difficulties that must be addressed before regulatory approval for use in human patients will be achievable. In this review, the interdependence of different electrode components are highlighted to demonstrate the current materials-based challenges facing the field of neural interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Wellman
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - James R Eles
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Kip A Ludwig
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - John P Seymour
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, 1301 Beal Ave., 2227 EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas J Michelson
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - William E McFadden
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
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Raos BJ, Doyle CS, Simpson MC, Graham ES, Unsworth CP. Selective PEGylation of Parylene-C/SiO 2 Substrates for Improved Astrocyte Cell Patterning. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2754. [PMID: 29426929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the spatial distribution of glia and neurons in in vitro culture offers the opportunity to study how cellular interactions contribute to large scale network behaviour. A recently developed approach to cell-patterning uses differential adsorption of animal-serum protein on parylene-C and SiO2 surfaces to enable patterning of neurons and glia. Serum, however, is typically poorly defined and generates reproducibility challenges. Alternative activation methods are highly desirable to enable patterning without relying on animal serum. We take advantage of the innate contrasting surface chemistries of parylene-C and SiO2 to enable selective bonding of polyethylene glycol SiO2 surfaces, i.e. PEGylation, rendering them almost completely repulsive to cell adhesion. As the reagents used in the PEGylation protocol are chemically defined, the reproducibility and batch-to-batch variability complications associated with the used of animal serum are avoided. We report that PEGylated parylene-C/SiO2 substrates achieve a contrast in astrocyte density of 65:1 whereas the standard serum-immersion protocol results in a contrast of 5.6:1. Furthermore, single-cell isolation was significantly improved on PEGylated substrates when astrocytes were grown on close-proximity parylene-C nodes, whereas isolation was limited on serum-activated substrates due tolerance for cell adhesion on serum-adsorbed SiO2 surfaces.
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Masciullo C, Dell'Anna R, Tonazzini I, Böettger R, Pepponi G, Cecchini M. Hierarchical thermoplastic rippled nanostructures regulate Schwann cell adhesion, morphology and spatial organization. Nanoscale 2017; 9:14861-14874. [PMID: 28948996 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodic ripples are a variety of anisotropic nanostructures that can be realized by ion beam irradiation on a wide range of solid surfaces. Only a few authors have investigated these surfaces for tuning the response of biological systems, probably because it is challenging to directly produce them in materials that well sustain long-term cellular cultures. Here, hierarchical rippled nanotopographies with a lateral periodicity of ∼300 nm are produced from a gold-irradiated germanium mold in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a biocompatible polymer approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical applications, by a novel three-step embossing process. The effects of nano-ripples on Schwann Cells (SCs) are studied in view of their possible use for nerve-repair applications. The data demonstrate that nano-ripples can enhance short-term SC adhesion and proliferation (3-24 h after seeding), drive their actin cytoskeleton spatial organization and sustain long-term cell growth. Notably, SCs are oriented perpendicularly with respect to the nanopattern lines. These results provide information about the possible use of hierarchical nano-rippled elements for nerve-regeneration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Masciullo
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Turunen S, Joki T, Hiltunen ML, Ihalainen TO, Narkilahti S, Kellomäki M. Direct Laser Writing of Tubular Microtowers for 3D Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:25717-25730. [PMID: 28697300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the complex structure of nervous tissue cannot be mimicked in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, the development of three-dimensional (3D) neuronal cell culture platforms is a topical issue in the field of neuroscience and neural tissue engineering. Computer-assisted laser-based fabrication techniques such as direct laser writing by two-photon polymerization (2PP-DLW) offer a versatile tool to fabricate 3D cell culture platforms with highly ordered geometries in the size scale of natural 3D cell environments. In this study, we present the design and 2PP-DLW fabrication process of a novel 3D neuronal cell culture platform based on tubular microtowers. The platform facilitates efficient long-term 3D culturing of human neuronal cells and supports neurite orientation and 3D network formation. Microtower designs both with or without intraluminal guidance cues and/or openings in the tower wall are designed and successfully fabricated from Ormocomp. Three of the microtower designs are chosen for the final culture platform: a design with openings in the wall and intralumial guidance cues (webs and pillars), a design with openings but without intraluminal structures, and a plain cylinder design. The proposed culture platform offers a promising concept for future 3D cultures in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Turunen
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Joki
- NeuroGroup, BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Maiju L Hiltunen
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- NeuroGroup, BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- NeuroGroup, BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Simitzi C, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Controlling the morphology and outgrowth of nerve and neuroglial cells: The effect of surface topography. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:21-52. [PMID: 28069509 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other tissue types, like epithelial tissue, which consist of cells with a much more homogeneous structure and function, the nervous tissue spans in a complex multilayer environment whose topographical features display a large spectrum of morphologies and size scales. Traditional cell cultures, which are based on two-dimensional cell-adhesive culture dishes or coverslips, are lacking topographical cues and mainly simulate the biochemical microenvironment of the cells. With the emergence of micro- and nano-fabrication techniques new types of cell culture platforms are developed, where the effect of various topographical cues on cellular morphology, proliferation and differentiation can be studied. Different approaches (regarding the material, fabrication technique, topographical characteristics, etc.) have been implemented. The present review paper aims at reviewing the existing body of literature on the use of artificial micro- and nano-topographical features to control neuronal and neuroglial cells' morphology, outgrowth and neural network topology. The cell responses-from phenomenology to investigation of the underlying mechanisms- on the different topographies, including both deterministic and random ones, are summarized. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE There is increasing evidence that physical cues, such as topography, can have a significant impact on the neural cell functions. With the aid of micro-and nanofabrication techniques, new types of cell culture platforms are developed and the effect of surface topography on the cells has been studied. The present review article aims at reviewing the existing body of literature reporting on the use of various topographies to study and control the morphology and functions of cells from nervous tissue, i.e. the neuronal and the neuroglial cells. The cell responses-from phenomenology to investigation of the underlying mechanisms- on the different topographies, including both deterministic and random ones, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simitzi
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - A Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - E Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71003, Greece.
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Bérces Z, Tóth K, Márton G, Pál I, Kováts-Megyesi B, Fekete Z, Ulbert I, Pongrácz A. Neurobiochemical changes in the vicinity of a nanostructured neural implant. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35944. [PMID: 27775024 DOI: 10.1038/srep35944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural interface technologies including recording and stimulation electrodes are currently in the early phase of clinical trials aiming to help patients with spinal cord injuries, degenerative disorders, strokes interrupting descending motor pathways, or limb amputations. Their lifetime is of key importance; however, it is limited by the foreign body response of the tissue causing the loss of neurons and a reactive astrogliosis around the implant surface. Improving the biocompatibility of implant surfaces, especially promoting neuronal attachment and regeneration is therefore essential. In our work, bioactive properties of implanted black polySi nanostructured surfaces (520–800 nm long nanopillars with a diameter of 150–200 nm) were investigated and compared to microstructured Si surfaces in eight-week-long in vivo experiments. Glial encapsulation and local neuronal cell loss were characterised using GFAP and NeuN immunostaining respectively, followed by systematic image analysis. Regarding the severity of gliosis, no significant difference was observed in the vicinity of the different implant surfaces, however, the number of surviving neurons close to the nanostructured surface was higher than that of the microstructured ones. Our results imply that the functionality of implanted microelectrodes covered by Si nanopillars may lead to improved long-term recordings.
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Tong W, Fox K, Zamani A, Turnley AM, Ganesan K, Ahnood A, Cicione R, Meffin H, Prawer S, Stacey A, Garrett DJ. Optimizing growth and post treatment of diamond for high capacitance neural interfaces. Biomaterials 2016; 104:32-42. [PMID: 27424214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical and biological properties are two crucial criteria in the selection of the materials to be used as electrodes for neural interfaces. For neural stimulation, materials are required to exhibit high capacitance and to form intimate contact with neurons for eliciting effective neural responses at acceptably low voltages. Here we report on a new high capacitance material fabricated using nitrogen included ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD). After exposure to oxygen plasma for 3 h, the activated N-UNCD exhibited extremely high electrochemical capacitance greater than 1 mF/cm(2), which originates from the special hybrid sp(2)/sp(3) structure of N-UNCD. The in vitro biocompatibility of the activated N-UNCD was then assessed using rat cortical neurons and surface roughness was found to be critical for healthy neuron growth, with best results observed on surfaces with a roughness of approximately 20 nm. Therefore, by using oxygen plasma activated N-UNCD with appropriate surface roughness, and considering the chemical and mechanical stability of diamond, the fabricated neural interfaces are expected to exhibit high efficacy, long-term stability and a healthy neuron/electrode interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ann M Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Arman Ahnood
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rosemary Cicione
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hamish Meffin
- National Vision Research Institute, Department of Optometry and Vision Science University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair Stacey
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Garrett
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Hakamada Y, Ohgushi N, Fujimura-Kondo N, Matsuda T. Electrospun Poly(γ-Benzyl-L-Glutamate) and Its Alkali-Treated Meshes: Their Water Wettability and Cell-Adhesion Potential. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2016; 23:1055-67. [PMID: 21619718 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x572057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was (1) to fabricate non-woven meshes from a biodegradable polymer, poly(γ-benzylL-glutamate), by electrospinning and subsequent hydrolysis of the ester bond on the polymer side-chain in an aqueous solution of NaOH, creating surface carboxyl groups on the fibers, and (2) to determine the effect of hydrolysis time on water wettability and cellular behaviors, in order to perform a preliminary evaluation for use of this polymer as a wound dressing matrix. A non-woven mesh composed of fibers, with minimal formation of 'bead' structures, was produced by electrospinning from tetrahydrofuran solution under optimally controlled conditions. The surface wettability largely depended on the hydrolysis time: an increase in hydrolysis time significantly reduced the advancing water contact angle. Instantaneous spreading of water droplets occurred at long hydrolysis times. An increase in hydrolysis time decreased adhesion of endothelial cells, but increased cell spreading. Neither proliferation nor invasion into the mesh interior was observed. We conclude by discussing the use of partially hydrolyzed non-woven mesh as a promising burn dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hakamada
- a Genome Biotechnology Laboratories, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yasukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0838, Japan
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Leber M, Shandhi MMH, Hogan A, Solzbacher F, Bhandari R, Negi S. Different methods to alter surface morphology of high aspect ratio structures. Appl Surf Sci 2016; 365:180-190. [PMID: 26806992 PMCID: PMC4721275 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In various applications such as neural prostheses or solar cells, there is a need to alter the surface morphology of high aspect ratio structures so that the real surface area is greater than geometrical area. The change in surface morphology enhances the devices functionality. One of the applications of altering the surface morphology is of neural implants such as the Utah electrode array (UEA) that communicate with single neurons by charge injection induced stimulation or by recording electrical neural signals. For high selectivity between single cells of the nervous system, the electrode surface area is required to be as small as possible, while the impedance is required to be as low as possible for good signal to noise ratios (SNR) during neural recording. For stimulation, high charge injection and charge transfer capacities of the electrodes are required, which increase with the electrode surface. Traditionally, researchers have worked with either increasing the roughness of the existing metallization (Platinum grey, black) or other materials such as Iridium Oxide and PEDOT. All of these previously investigated methods lead to more complicated metal deposition processes that are difficult to control and often have a critical impact on the mechanical properties of the metal films. Therefore, a modification of the surface underneath the electrode's coating will increase its surface area while maintaining the standard and well controlled metal deposition process. In this work, the surfaces of the Silicon micro-needles were engineered by creating a defined microstructure on the electrodes surface using several methods such as Laser ablation, focused ion beam, sputter etching, reactive ion etching (RIE) and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The surface modification processes were optimized for the high aspect ratio Silicon structures of the UEA. The increase in real surface area while maintaining the geometrical surface area was verified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The best results were obtained by DRIE induced surface morphology. Decreases in impedance values of electrodes up to 76 % indicate the successful surface engineering of the high aspect ratio Silicon structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Leber
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M. M. H. Shandhi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A. Hogan
- Blackrock Microsystems, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - F. Solzbacher
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R. Bhandari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Blackrock Microsystems, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S. Negi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Blackrock Microsystems, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Franca E, Jao PF, Fang SP, Alagapan S, Pan L, Yoon JH, Yoon YK, Wheeler BC. Scale of Carbon Nanomaterials Affects Neural Outgrowth and Adhesion. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:11-8. [PMID: 26829799 PMCID: PMC4791169 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2519505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have become increasingly popular microelectrode materials for neuroscience applications. Here we study how the scale of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers affect neural viability, outgrowth, and adhesion. Carbon nanotubes were deposited on glass coverslips via a layer-by-layer method with polyethylenimine (PEI). Carbonized nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning SU-8 and pyrolyzing the nanofiber depositions. Additional substrates tested were carbonized and SU-8 thin films and SU-8 nanofibers. Surfaces were O2-plasma treated, coated with varying concentrations of PEI, seeded with E18 rat cortical cells, and examined at 3, 4, and 7 days in vitro (DIV). Neural adhesion was examined at 4 DIV utilizing a parallel plate flow chamber. At 3 DIV, neural viability was lower on the nanofiber and thin film depositions treated with higher PEI concentrations which corresponded with significantly higher zeta potentials (surface charge); this significance was drastically higher on the nanofibers suggesting that the nanostructure may collect more PEI molecules, causing increased toxicity. At 7 DIV, significantly higher neurite outgrowth was observed on SU-8 nanofiber substrates with nanofibers a significant fraction of a neuron's size. No differences were detected for carbonized nanofibers or carbon nanotubes. Both carbonized and SU-8 nanofibers had significantly higher cellular adhesion post-flow in comparison to controls whereas the carbon nanotubes were statistically similar to control substrates. These data suggest a neural cell preference for larger-scale nanomaterials with specific surface treatments. These characteristics could be taken advantage of in the future design and fabrication of neural microelectrodes.
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Gopinathan J, Quigley AF, Bhattacharyya A, Padhye R, Kapsa RMI, Nayak R, Shanks RA, Houshyar S. Preparation, characterisation, andin vitroevaluation of electrically conducting poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based nanocomposite scaffolds using PC12 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:853-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janarthanan Gopinathan
- Advanced Textile and Polymer Research Lab, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies; Coimbatore India
| | - Anita F. Quigley
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital; Victoria 3065 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong; New South Wales 2500 Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Melbourne; 3065 Australia
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Advanced Textile and Polymer Research Lab, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies; Coimbatore India
| | - Rajiv Padhye
- College of Design and Social Context; Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University; Melbourne 3056 Australia
| | - Robert M. I. Kapsa
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital; Victoria 3065 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong; New South Wales 2500 Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Melbourne; 3065 Australia
| | - Rajkishore Nayak
- College of Design and Social Context; Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University; Melbourne 3056 Australia
| | - Robert A. Shanks
- College of Science, Engineering and Health, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University; Melbourne 3000 Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- College of Design and Social Context; Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University; Melbourne 3056 Australia
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Tong W, Tran PA, Turnley AM, Aramesh M, Prawer S, Brandt M, Fox K. The influence of sterilization on nitrogen-included ultrananocrystalline diamond for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 61:324-32. [PMID: 26838856 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diamond has shown great potential in different biomedical applications, but the effects of sterilization on its properties have not been investigated. Here, we studied the influence of five sterilization techniques (solvent cleaning, oxygen plasma, UV irradiation, autoclave and hydrogen peroxide) on nitrogen-included ultrananocrystalline diamond. The chemical modification of the diamond surface was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. Different degrees of surface oxidation and selective sp(2) bonded carbon etching were found following all sterilization techniques, resulting in an increase of hydrophilicity. Higher viabilities of in vitro mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and rat cortical neuron cells were observed on oxygen plasma, autoclave and hydrogen peroxide sterilized diamond, which correlated with their higher hydrophilicity. By examination of apatite formation in simulated body fluid, in vivo bioactivity was predicted to be best on those surfaces which have been oxygen plasma treated and lowest on those which have been exposed to UV irradiation. The charge injection properties were also altered by the sterilization process and there appears to be a correlation between these changes and the degree of oxygen termination of the surface. We find that the modification brought by autoclave, oxygen plasma and hydrogen peroxide were most consistent with the use of N-UNCD in biological applications as compared to samples sterilized by solvent cleaning or UV exposure or indeed non-sterilized. A two-step process of sterilization by hydrogen peroxide following oxygen plasma treatment was then suggested. However, the final choice of sterilization technique will depend on the intended end application.
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Harris C, Pearson K, Hadley K, Zhu S, Browd S, Hanak BW, Shain W. Fabrication of three-dimensional hydrogel scaffolds for modeling shunt failure by tissue obstruction in hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:26. [PMID: 26578355 PMCID: PMC4650346 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-015-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shunt obstruction in the treatment of hydrocephalus is poorly understood, is multi-factorial, and in many cases is modeled ineffectively. Several mechanisms may be responsible, one of which involves shunt infiltration by reactive cells from the brain parenchyma. This has not been modeled in culture and cannot be consistently examined in vivo without a large sample size. Methods We have developed and tested a three-dimensional in vitro model of astrocyte migration and proliferation around clinical grade ventricular catheters and into catheter holes that mimics the development of cellular outgrowth from the parenchyma that may contribute to shunt obstruction. Results Cell attachment and growth was observed on shunt catheters for as long as 80 days with at least 77 % viability until 51 days. The model can be used to study cellular attachment to ventricular catheters under both static and pulsatile flow conditions, which better mimic physiological cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and shunt system flow rates (0.25 mL/min, 100 pulses/min). Pulsatile flow through the ventricular catheter decreased cell attachment/growth by 63 % after 18 h. Under both conditions it was possible to observe cells accumulating around and in shunt catheter holes. Conclusions Alone or in combination with previously-published culture models of shunt obstruction, this model serves as a relevant test bed to analyze mechanisms of shunt failure and to test catheter modifications that will prevent cell attachment and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Harris
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, 2nd Floor Carls Building, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Kelsie Pearson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Kristen Hadley
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Samuel Browd
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Brian W Hanak
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - William Shain
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Pires LR, Pêgo AP. Bridging the lesion-engineering a permissive substrate for nerve regeneration. Regen Biomater 2015; 2:203-14. [PMID: 26816642 PMCID: PMC4669012 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial-based strategies to restore connectivity after lesion at the spinal cord are focused on bridging the lesion and providing an favourable substrate and a path for axonal re-growth. Following spinal cord injury (SCI) a hostile environment for neuronal cell growth is established by the activation of multiple inhibitory mechanisms that hamper regeneration to occur. Implantable scaffolds can provide mechanical support and physical guidance for axon re-growth and, at the same time, contribute to alleviate the hostile environment by the in situ delivery of therapeutic molecules and/or relevant cells. Basic research on SCI has been contributing with the description of inhibitory mechanisms for regeneration as well as identifying drugs/molecules that can target inhibition. This knowledge is the background for the development of combined strategies with biomaterials. Additionally, scaffold design is significantly evolving. From the early simple hollow conduits, scaffolds with complex architectures that can modulate cell fate are currently being tested. A number of promising pre-clinical studies combining scaffolds, cells, drugs and/or nucleic acids are reported in the open literature. Overall, it is considered that to address the multi-factorial inhibitory environment of a SCI, a multifaceted therapeutic approach is imperative. The progress in the identification of molecules that target inhibition after SCI and its combination with scaffolds and/or cells are described and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana R. Pires
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia—Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal and
| | - Ana P. Pêgo
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia—Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal and
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Unal B. Investigation of the quenched surfaces of visibly luminescent macro/nanoporous silicon under the exposure of typical neuron culture media. Surf Engin Appl Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375515040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mutreja I, Woodfield TBF, Sperling S, Nock V, Evans JJ, Alkaisi MM. Positive and negative bioimprinted polymeric substrates: new platforms for cell culture. Biofabrication 2015; 7:025002. [PMID: 25850524 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/2/025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioimprinting, which involves capturing cell morphological details into a polymer matrix, provides a new class of patterned surfaces which opens an opportunity to investigate how cells respond to their own signatures and may introduce possibilities for regulating their behaviour. In this study, phenotypic details of human nasal chondrocytes (HNCs) were replicated in soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mould resulting in inverse replicas of cells, which have been termed here as 'negative bioimprint'. For the first time, the information from this negative bioimprint was then transferred into another PDMS layer resulting in surfaces which resemble cell morphology and were called 'positive bioimprints'. Soft lithography was used to transfer these details from PDMS into different polymers like polystyrene, tissue culture polystyrene and clinically used block co-polymer poly (ethylene glycol) terephthalate-poly (butylene terephthalate) (PEGT-PBT). Results obtained from surface characterization confirmed that fine details of cells were successfully replicated from cells to different polymer matrices without any significant loss of information during the different steps of pattern transfer. HNCs seeded on different polymer surfaces with positive and negative bioimprints exhibited distinct behaviour. Cells cultured on positive bioimprints were more spread out and displayed high levels of proliferation compared to those on negative bioimprints, where cells were more compact with lower proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mutreja
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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