1
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Solhaug A, Olsvik PA, Siriyappagouder P, Faller R, Kristensen T. Gill epithelial cell line ASG-10 from Atlantic salmon as a new research tool for solving water quality challenges in aquaculture. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105790. [PMID: 38355023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Here we evaluated the gill epithelial cell line ASG-10 from Atlantic salmon, as an in vitro model for research on known water quality challenges in aquaculture. Ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+), a recognized challenge in water-intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), induced lysosomal vacuolization, reduced protein degradation and cell migration of the ASG-10 cells. Aluminium (Aln+), another challenge in freshwater aquaculture facilities had only minor effects. Next, we investigated the tolerance for direct water exposure of ASG-10. The cells tolerated water with osmolarity between 169 and 419 mOsmol/kg for 24 h. However, cells exposed for 3 h to water at 863 mOsmol/kg changed cellular morphology and induced gene expression related to stress (gpx1, casp3, hsp70), and after 24 h exposure cellular viability was severely reduced. Nevertheless, when the cells were grown in transwell inserts, they tolerated 863 mOsmol/kg for 3 h and induction of stress response associated genes was considerably reduced. Lastly, the ASG-10 cells were exposed to water samples, with no known quality issues, from different aquaculture facilities. The cells showed no differences in viability or morphology compared to their representative control. In conclusion, the ASG-10 cell line is a promising in vitro model to study water quality challenges and whole water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Solhaug
- Chemistry and Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Pål A Olsvik
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Randi Faller
- Chemistry and Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1431 Ås, Norway
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2
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Hosseinzadeh M, Postigo C, Porte C. Toxicity and underlying lipidomic alterations generated by a mixture of water disinfection byproducts in human lung cells. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170331. [PMID: 38278255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Complex mixtures of disinfection by-products (DBPs) are present in disinfected waters, but their mixture toxicity has been rarely described. Apart from ingestion, DBP exposure can occur through inhalation, which may lead to respiratory effects in highly exposed individuals. However, the underlying biological mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of a mixture of 10 DBPs, including haloacetic acids and haloaromatics, on human alveolar A549 cells by assessing their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and impact on the cell lipidome. A DBP mixture up to 50 μM slightly reduced cell viability, induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 3.5-fold, and increased the frequency of micronuclei formation. Exposure to 50 μM DBP mixture led to a significant accumulation of triacylglycerides and a decrease of diacylglycerides and phosphatidylcholines in A549 cells. Lipidomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released in the culture medium revealed a marked increase in cholesterol esters, sphingomyelins, and other membrane lipids. Overall, these alterations in the lipidome of cells and EVs may indicate a disruption of lipid homeostasis, and thus, potentially contribute to the respiratory effects associated with DBP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Hosseinzadeh
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Research and Water Assessment, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute for Water Research (IdA), University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Research and Water Assessment, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Soto-Bielicka P, Peropadre A, Sanz-Alférez S, Hazen MJ, Fernández Freire P. Influence of polystyrene nanoparticles on the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A in human intestinal cell lines. Toxicology 2024; 503:153769. [PMID: 38437912 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Research and regulatory efforts in toxicology are increasingly focused on the development of suitable non-animal methodologies for human health risk assessment. In this work we used human intestinal Caco-2 and HT29/MTX cell lines to address the potential risks of mixtures of the emerging contaminants tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and commercial polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs). We employed different in vitro settings to evaluate basal cytotoxicity through three complementary endpoints (metabolic activity, plasmatic, and lysosomal membrane integrity) and the induction of the oxidative stress and DNA damage responses with specific endpoints. Although no clear pattern was observed, our findings highlight the predominant impact of TBBPA in the combined exposures under subcytotoxic conditions and a differential behavior of the Caco-2 and HT29/MTX co-culture system. Distinctive outcomes detected with the mixture treatments include reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases, disturbances of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, generation of alkali-sensitive sites in DNA, as well as significant changes in the expression levels of relevant DNA and oxidative stress related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soto-Bielicka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Peropadre
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Soledad Sanz-Alférez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María José Hazen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Dudefoi W, Ferrari BJD, Breider F, Masset T, Leger G, Vermeirssen E, Bergmann AJ, Schirmer K. Evaluation of tire tread particle toxicity to fish using rainbow trout cell lines. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168933. [PMID: 38042189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) resulting from tire abrasion while driving raise concerns due to their potential contribution to aquatic toxicity. Our study aimed to assess cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) particle toxicity, used as a proxy for TRWP, and associated chemicals to fish using two Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines representing the gill (RTgill-W1) and the intestinal (RTgutGC) epithelium. CMTT toxicity was evaluated through several exposure pathways, including direct contact, leaching, and digestion, while also assessing the impact of particle aging. Following OECD TG249, cell viability was assessed after 24 h acute exposure using a multiple-endpoint assay indicative of cell metabolic activity, membrane integrity and lysosome integrity. In vitro EC50 values for the fish cell lines exceeded river TRWP concentrations (2.02 g/L and 4.65 g/L for RTgill-W1 and RTgutGC cell lines, respectively), and were similar to in vivo LC50 values estimated at 6 g/L. Although toxicity was mainly driven by the leaching of tire-associated chemicals, the presence of the particles contributed to the overall toxicity by inducing a continuous leaching, highlighting the importance of considering combined exposure scenarios. Aging and digestion conditions were also found to mediate CMTT toxicity. Thermooxidation resulted in a decreased chemical leaching and toxicity, while in vitro digestion under mimicked gastrointestinal conditions increased leaching and toxicity. Specific chemicals, especially Zn, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 1,3-diphenylguanidine, and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) were identified as contributors to the overall toxicity. Although 6PPD-quinone was detected in CMTT digestate, cytotoxicity assays with RTgill-W1 and RTgutGC cell lines showed no toxicity up to 6 mg/L, supporting the notion of a specific mode of action of this chemical. This study provides insights into the toxicological mechanisms induced by tire particles and their associated chemicals and can help in the evaluation of potential risks to aquatic life associated with TRWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dudefoi
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - B J D Ferrari
- Ecotox Centre - EPFL ENAC IIE, GE, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - F Breider
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Masset
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Leger
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Vermeirssen
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A J Bergmann
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K Schirmer
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; ETHZ, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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5
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Ibrahim M, Belden JB, Minghetti M. Interactive Effects of Copper-Silver Mixtures at the Intestinal Epithelium of Rainbow Trout: An In Vitro Approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024; 43:105-114. [PMID: 37818877 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
While metals are present in mixture in the environment, metal toxicity studies are usually conducted on an individual metal basis. There is a paucity of data in the existing literature regarding specific metal-metal interactions and their effect on metal toxicity and bioavailability. We studied interactions of a silver (Ag)-copper (Cu) mixture at the intestinal epithelium using an intestinal cell line derived from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the RTgutGC. Exposures were conducted in media containing different chloride concentrations (low chloride, 1 mM; high chloride, 146 mM), thus resulting in different metal speciation. Cytotoxicity was evaluated based on two endpoints, cell metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity. The Ag-Cu mixture toxicity was assessed using two designs: independent action and concentration addition. Metal mixture bioavailability was studied by exposing cells to 500 nM of Ag or Cu as a single metal or a mixture (i.e., 500 nM of Cu plus 500 nM of Ag). We found an antagonistic effect in the low-chloride medium and an additive/synergistic effect in the high-chloride medium. We found that Cu dominates over Ag toxicity and bioavailability, indicating a competitive inhibition when both metals are present as free metal ions in the exposure media, which supports our hypothesis. Our study also suggests different mechanisms of uptake of free metal ions and metal complexes. The study adds valuable information to our understanding of the role of metal speciation on metal mixture toxicity and bioavailability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:105-114. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ibrahim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason B Belden
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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6
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Odnevall I, Brookman-Amissah M, Stábile F, Ekvall MT, Herting G, Bermeo Vargas M, Messing ME, Sturve J, Hansson LA, Isaxon C, Rissler J. Characterization and Toxic Potency of Airborne Particles Formed upon Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste Recycling: A Case Study. ACS Environ Au 2023; 3:370-382. [PMID: 38028743 PMCID: PMC10655593 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Manual dismantling, shredding, and mechanical grinding of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) at recycling facilities inevitably lead to the accidental formation and release of both coarse and fine particle aerosols, primarily into the ambient air. Since diffuse emissions to air of such WEEE particles are not regulated, their dispersion from the recycling plants into the adjacent environment is possible. The aim of this interdisciplinary project was to collect and characterize airborne WEEE particles smaller than 1 μm generated at a Nordic open waste recycling facility from a particle concentration, shape, and bulk and surface composition perspective. Since dispersed airborne particles eventually may reach rivers, lakes, and possibly oceans, the aim was also to assess whether such particles may pose any adverse effects on aquatic organisms. The results show that WEEE particles only exerted a weak tendency toward cytotoxic effects on fish gill cell lines, although the exposure resulted in ROS formation that may induce adverse effects. On the contrary, the WEEE particles were toxic toward the crustacean zooplankter Daphnia magna, showing strong effects on survival of the animals in a concentration-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Odnevall
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- AIMES−Center
for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences
at Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Brookman-Amissah
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franca Stábile
- Department
of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael T. Ekvall
- Department
of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Herting
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Bermeo Vargas
- Solid
State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Messing
- Solid
State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department
of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Isaxon
- Ergonomics
and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Ergonomics
and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Bioeconomy
and Health, RISE Research Institutes of
Sweden, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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7
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Pernas-Pleite C, Conejo-Martínez AM, Fernández Freire P, Hazen MJ, Marín I, Abad JP. Microalga Broths Synthesize Antibacterial and Non-Cytotoxic Silver Nanoparticles Showing Synergy with Antibiotics and Bacterial ROS Induction and Can Be Reused for Successive AgNP Batches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16183. [PMID: 38003373 PMCID: PMC10670984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The era of increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance requires new approaches to fight infections. With this purpose, silver-based nanomaterials are a reality in some fields and promise new developments. We report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using culture broths from a microalga. Broths from two media, with different compositions and pHs and sampled at two growth phases, produced eight AgNP types. Nanoparticles harvested after several synthesis periods showed differences in antibacterial activity and stability. Moreover, an evaluation of the broths for several consecutive syntheses did not find relevant kinetics or activity differences until the third round. Physicochemical characteristics of the AgNPs (core and hydrodynamic sizes, Z-potential, crystallinity, and corona composition) were determined, observing differences depending on the broths used. AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity at concentrations producing no or low cytotoxicity on cultured eukaryotic cells. All the AgNPs had high levels of synergy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the classic antibiotics streptomycin and kanamycin, but with ampicillin only against S. aureus and tetracycline against E. coli. Differences in the synergy levels were also dependent on the types of AgNPs. We also found that, for some AgNPs, the killing of bacteria started before the massive accumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pernas-Pleite
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo M. Conejo-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández Freire
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 29049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Hazen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 29049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Marín
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José P. Abad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Greifová H, Tokárová K, Jambor T, Štefunková N, Speváková I, Dupák R, Balytska O, Bažány D, Capcarová M, Lukáč N. Isorhamnetin Influences the Viability, Superoxide Production and Interleukin-8 Biosynthesis of Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma HT-29 Cells In Vitro. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1921. [PMID: 37763324 PMCID: PMC10533024 DOI: 10.3390/life13091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin has gained research interest for its anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and chemoprotective properties. In this study, human colon adenocarcinoma cells were cultured in the presence or absence of different isorhamnetin concentrations (5-150 μM) for 24 h or 48 h of cultivation to explore the impact on several parameters of viability/proliferation (mitochondrial function using an MTT test, metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity and lysosomal activity using a triple test). The intracellular generation of superoxide radicals using an NBT test and ELISA analysis was performed to observe the biosynthesis of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in cells stimulated with zymosan, as well as in basal conditions. The antiproliferative activity of isorhamnetin was demonstrated by significantly reduced values of mitochondrial and metabolic activity, integrity of cell membranes and lysosomal activity. Its high prooxidant potential was reflected by the significantly elevated generation of superoxides even in cells with low viability status. The anti-inflammatory effect of isorhamnetin was evident due to decreased IL-8 production, and the most significant decline in IL-8 concentration was observed after 24 h treatment in cells with induced inflammation. We demonstrated that isorhamnetin can suppress the proliferation of HT-29 cells, and this effect was correlated with pro-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of isorhamnetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Greifová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Tomáš Jambor
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Nikola Štefunková
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Ivana Speváková
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Rudolf Dupák
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Olha Balytska
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Denis Bažány
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Marcela Capcarová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (H.G.)
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9
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Pasquariello R, Pavlovic R, Chacon MA, Camin F, Verdile N, Løkka G, Panseri S, Faustini M, Tandler A, Peggs D, Kortner TM, Bitan A, Brevini TAL, Gandolfi F. Development of a Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal In Vitro Platform for Profiling Amino Acid Digestion and Absorption of a Complete Diet. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2278. [PMID: 37508055 PMCID: PMC10376269 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing number and variation of raw materials utilized to provide alternative feed formulations continues to allow for a more sustainable and flexible approach. Testing all these options in vivo is still the most robust and reliable manner to pick the best raw material candidates, but it requires the use of large numbers of animals and is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, we are developing an in vitro platform that can provide a reliable evaluation of new ingredients. The main aim of this work was to combine an in vitro digestion protocol of extruded, commercially relevant aquafeeds with the exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to the extracted bio-available fraction (BAF). The results show that 250,000 cells/cm2 represents the optimal seeding density and that up to 50% BAF concentration for up to 24 h had no negative effects on the epithelial barrier morphology and function. It is possible to determine amino acid digestibility and bioavailability in all the experimental conditions (with and without BSA, at 25% and 50% dilution) and at all time points (0, 6, and 24 h). However, BAF concentration, the medium used for its dilution, and the length of exposure to the different epithelial cell lines can all influence the results and, therefore, must be selected according to the final aim of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Pasquariello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcelo A Chacon
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8800001, Israel
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Verdile
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guro Løkka
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Massimo Faustini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Amos Tandler
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8800001, Israel
| | - David Peggs
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Amir Bitan
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8800001, Israel
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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10
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Pérez-Albaladejo E, Pinteño R, Aznar-Luque MDC, Casado M, Postigo C, Porte C. Genotoxicity and endocrine disruption potential of haloacetic acids in human placental and lung cells. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:162981. [PMID: 36963690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination of water results in the formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) as major disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Previous studies have reported some HAAs species to act as cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic. This work aimed at further exploring the toxicity potential of the most investigated HAAs (chloroacetic (CAA), bromoacetic (BAA), iodoacetic (IAA) acid) and HAAs species with high content of bromine (tribromoacetic acid (TBAA)), and iodine in their structures (chloroiodoacetic (CIAA) and diiodoacetic acid (DIAA)) to human cells. Novel knowledge was generated regarding cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, endocrine disrupting potential, and genotoxicity of these HAAs by using human placental and lung cells as in vitro models, not previously used for DBP assessment. IAA showed the highest cytotoxicity (EC50: 7.5 μM) and ability to generate ROS (up to 3-fold) in placental cells, followed by BAA (EC50: 20-25 μM and 2.1-fold). TBAA, CAA, DIAA, and CIAA showed no significant cytotoxicity (EC50 > 250 μM). All tested HAAs decreased the expression of the steroidogenic gene hsd17b1 up to 40 % in placental cells, and IAA and BAA (0.01-1 μM) slightly inhibited the aromatase activity. HAAs also induced the formation of micronuclei in A549 lung cells after 48 h of exposure. IAA and BAA showed a non-significant increase in micronuclei formation at low concentrations (1 μM), while BAA, CAA, CIAA and TBAA were genotoxic at exposure concentrations above 10 μM (100 μM in the case of DIAA). These results point to genotoxic and endocrine disruption effects associated with HAA exposure at low concentrations (0.01-1 μM), and the usefulness of the selected bioassays to provide fast and sensitive responses to HAA exposure, particularly in terms of genotoxicity and endocrine disruption effects. Further studies are needed to define thresholds that better protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Pinteño
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Casado
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal 4, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Soto-Bielicka P, Tejeda I, Peropadre A, Hazen MJ, Fernández Freire P. Detrimental effects of individual versus combined exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A and polystyrene nanoplastics in fish cell lines. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 98:104072. [PMID: 36690190 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential interactions between the diverse pollutants that can be released into the environment and the resulting outcomes are a challenging issue that needs to be further examined. This in vitro study was aimed to assess potential toxic effects caused by combined exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A, a flame retardant widely used and frequently detected in aquatic matrices, and commercially available polystyrene nanoparticles as reference material to evaluate nanoplastics risks. Our results, using freshwater fish cell lines and a set of relevant cytotoxicity endpoints including cell viability, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, provide additional mechanistic insights that could help to fully characterize the toxicity profiles of tetrabromobisphenol A and polystyrene nanoparticles. Furthermore, we describe subtle changes in cell viability as well as the generation of oxidative DNA damage after coexposure to subcytotoxic concentrations of the tested pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soto-Bielicka
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Tejeda
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Peropadre
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Hazen
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández Freire
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Oldham D, Black T, Stewart TJ, Minghetti M. Role of the luminal composition on intestinal metal toxicity, bioavailability and bioreactivity: An in vitro approach based on the cell line RTgutGC. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 256:106411. [PMID: 36716651 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of metal complexes is poorly understood. To evaluate bioavailability and toxicity of neutral and charged complexes as well as free metal ions, Visual Minteq, a chemical equilibrium model, was used to design media containing different metal species. Two non-essential (silver and cadmium) and two essential (copper and zinc) metals were selected. The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gut cell line (RTgutGC) was used to investigate bioavailability, bioreactivity and toxicity of the different metal species. Toxicity was measured using a multiple endpoint cytotoxicity assay, bioavailability by measuring intracellular metal concentration, and bioreactivity by quantification of mRNA level of the metal responsive genes, metallothionein (MT), glutathione reductase (GR) and zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1). Speciation calculations showed that silver and cadmium preferentially bind chloride, copper phosphate and bicarbonate, and zinc remained primarily as a free ion. Cysteine avidly complexed with all metals reducing toxicity, bioavailability and bioreactivity. Silver and copper toxicity was not affected by inorganic metal speciation, whereas cadmium and zinc toxicity was decreased by chloride complexation. Moreover, reduction of calcium concentration in the medium increased toxicity and bioavailability of cadmium and zinc. Bioavailability of silver and zinc was reduced by low chloride while cadmium bioavailability was increased by low chloride and in presence of bicarbonate. Copper bioavailability was not affected by the medium composition. Cadmium and silver were more bioreactive, independently from the medium composition, in comparison to copper and zinc (i.e., higher induction of MT and GR). Cadmium was the only metal able to induce MT in presence of cysteine. ZnT1 was induced by cadmium in low-chloride, by zinc in low-chloride low-calcium and by cadmium and copper in the bicarbonate media. Overall, this study demonstrates that metal complexation alone is not sufficient to explain metal toxicity, and that anion exchange mechanisms play a role in metal uptake and bioreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Oldham
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Thomas Black
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Theodora J Stewart
- Research Management & Innovation Directorate, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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13
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Boháčková J, Havlíčková L, Semerád J, Titov I, Trhlíková O, Beneš H, Cajthaml T. In vitro toxicity assessment of polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride microplastics using three cell lines from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chemosphere 2023; 312:136996. [PMID: 36336021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The RTgill-W1 (gill), RTG-2 (gonad), and RTL-W1 (liver) cell lines derived from a freshwater fish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were used to assess the toxicity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and two forms of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Two size fractions (25-μm and 90-μm particles) were tested for all materials. The highest tested concentration was 1 mg/ml, corresponding to from 70 000 ± 9000 to 620 000 ± 57 000 particles/ml for 25-μm particles and from 2300 ± 100 to 11 000 ± 1000 particles/ml for 90-μm particles (depending on the material). Toxicity differences between commercial PVC dry blend powder and secondary microplastics created from a processed PVC were newly described. After a 24-h exposure, the cells were analyzed for changes in viability, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition to the microplastic suspensions, leachates and particles remaining after leaching resuspended in fresh exposure medium were tested. The particles were subjected to leaching for 1, 8, and 15 days. The PVC dry blend (25 μm and 90 μm) and processed PVC (25 μm) increased ROS generation, to which leached chemicals appeared to be the major contributor. PVC dry blend caused substantially higher ROS induction than processed PVC, showing that the former is not suitable for toxicity testing, as it can produce different results from those of secondary PVC. The 90-μm PVC dry blend increased ROS generation only after prolonged leaching. PET did not induce any changes in ROS generation, and none of the tested polymers had any effect on viability or EROD activity. The importance of choosing realistic extraction procedures for microplastic toxicity experiments was emphasized. Conducting long-term experiments is crucial to detect possible environmentally relevant effects. In conclusion, the tested materials showed no acute toxicity to the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Boháčková
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Havlíčková
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Titov
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Trhlíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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14
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Løkka G, Dhanasiri AKS, Krogdahl Å, Kortner TM. Bile components affect the functions and transcriptome of the rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line RTgutGC. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:1144-1156. [PMID: 36444097 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The concomitant increase in cultivation of fish and decrease in supply of marine ingredients, have greatly increased the demand for new nutrient sources. This also regards so-called functional ingredients which may benefit health and welfare of the fish. In vitro cell line-based intestinal epithelial barrier models may serve as tools for narrowing down the broad range of ingredient options, to identify the most promising candidates before in vivo feeding trials are run. In vivo, differentiation of the various epithelial cells in the fish intestine, from the multipotent stem cells, takes place in the presence of a variety of substances from dietary and endogenous origin. Among these, bile salts have recently received attention as regulators of epithelial function in health and disease but have not, until now, been included in the medium when culturing fish gut epithelial cells in vitro. As bile salts are present at high levels in the chyme of the fish intestine, in particular in salmon and rainbow trout, mostly as taurocholate (>90%), their role for effects of diet ingredients on the in vitro gut cell model should be understood. With this study, we wanted to investigate whether inclusion of bile from rainbow trout or pure taurocholate in the culture media would modulate functions of the RTgutGC epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrated that the rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line RTgutGC responded significantly to the presence of bile components. Treatment with rainbow trout bile taken from the gall bladder (RTbile) or pure taurocholate (TC) at taurocholate concentrations of ≤0.5 mg/mL retained normal cell morphology, cell viability as in cell oxidation-reduction metabolic activity and membrane integrity, and barrier features, while high concentrations of bile salts (≥1 mg/mL) were cytotoxic to the cells. After long-term (4 days) bile treatment, transcriptome responses showed how bile salts play important roles in intestinal epithelial cell metabolism. qPCR data demonstrated that barrier function genes, brush border enzyme genes and immune genes were significantly affected. Although similar trends were seen, treatment with bile salt as a component of rainbow trout bile or pure taurocholate, induced somewhat different effects. In conclusion, this study clearly indicates that bile salts should be included in the cell medium when running in vitro studies of gut cell functions, not at least immune functions, preferably at the level of ∼0.5 mg/mL supplemented as pure taurocholate to ensure reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Løkka
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Anusha K S Dhanasiri
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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15
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Martin N, Wassmur B, Slomberg D, Labille J, Lammel T. Influence of TiO 2 nanocomposite UV filter surface chemistry and their interactions with organic UV filters on uptake and toxicity toward cultured fish gill cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 243:113984. [PMID: 35988383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments have been found to be contaminated with a variety of inorganic and organic UV filters. This includes novel nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite particles, which have been increasingly developed and incorporated into commercial sunscreens in recent years. So far, relatively little is known about the effects of this novel class of UV filters on aquatic life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the toxicity of three such nanoparticulate TiO2 UV filters with different surface coatings, namely Eusolex® T-Avo (SiO2-coated), T-Lite™ SF (Al(OH)3/PDMS-coated), and Eusolex® T-S (Al2O3/stearic acid-coated) either alone, or in the presence of selected organic UV filters (octinoxate, avobenzone, octocrylene), toward fish using RTgill-W1 cell cultures as an in vitro experimental model. Besides standard exposure protocols, alternative approaches (i.e., exposure to water accommodated fractions (WAFs), hanging-drop exposure) were explored to account for nanoparticle (NP)-specific fate in the medium and obtain additional/complementary information on their toxicity in different conditions. The AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM and Neutral Red Retention (NR) assays were used to measure effects on different cellular endpoints. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine NP uptake. Our results showed that none of the TiO2 NP UV filters were cytotoxic at the concentrations tested (0.1-10 µg/mL; 24 h) but there were differences in their uptake by the cells. Thus, only the hydrophilic T-AVO was detected inside cells, but the hydrophobic T-Lite SF and T-S were not. In addition, our results show that the presence of NPs (or the used dispersant) tended to decrease organic UV filter toxicity. The level of combination effect depended on both NP-type (surface chemistry) and concentration, suggesting that the reduced toxicity resulted from reduced availability of the organic UV filters due to their adsorption to the NP surface. Thus, mixtures of TiO2 NP UV filters and organic UV filters may have a different toxicological profile compared to the single substances, but probably do not pose an increased hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Wassmur
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danielle Slomberg
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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Al-madani H, Du H, Yao J, Peng H, Yao C, Jiang B, Wu A, Yang F. Living Sample Viability Measurement Methods from Traditional Assays to Nanomotion. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:453. [PMID: 35884256 PMCID: PMC9313330 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Living sample viability measurement is an extremely common process in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological fields, especially drug pharmacology and toxicology detection. Nowadays, there are a number of chemical, optical, and mechanical methods that have been developed in response to the growing demand for simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable real-time living sample viability assessment. In parallel, the development trend of viability measurement methods (VMMs) has increasingly shifted from traditional assays towards the innovative atomic force microscope (AFM) oscillating sensor method (referred to as nanomotion), which takes advantage of the adhesion of living samples to an oscillating surface. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the common VMMs, laying emphasis on their benefits and drawbacks, as well as evaluating the potential utility of VMMs. In addition, we discuss the nanomotion technique, focusing on its applications, sample attachment protocols, and result display methods. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives on nanomotion are commented on, mainly emphasizing scientific restrictions and development orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Al-madani
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Du
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junlie Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
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Ibrahim M, Minghetti M. Effect of chloride concentration on the cytotoxicity, bioavailability, and bioreactivity of copper and silver in the rainbow trout gut cell line, RTgutGC. Ecotoxicology 2022; 31:626-636. [PMID: 35362806 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) influences the bioavailability and toxicity of metals in fish, but the mechanisms by which it influences these processes is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of chloride on the cytotoxicity, bioavailability (i.e., accumulation) and bioreactivity (i.e., induction of mRNA levels of metal responsive genes) of copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) in the rainbow trout gut cell line (RTgutGC). Cells were exposed to metals in media with varying Cl- concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 146 mM). Metal speciation in exposure medium was analyzed using Visual MINTEQ software. Cytotoxicity of AgNO3 and CuSO4 was measured based on two endpoints: metabolic activity and membrane integrity. Cells were exposed to 500 nM of AgNO3 and CuSO4 for 24 h in respective media to determine metal bioavailability and bioreactivity. Ag speciation changes from free ionic (Ag+) to neutral (AgCl), to negatively charged chloride complexes (AgCl2-, AgCl3-) with increasing Cl- concentration in exposure media whereas Cu speciation remains in two forms (Cu2+ and CuHPO4) across all media. Chloride does not affect Ag bioavailability but decreases metal toxicity and bioreactivity. Cells exposed to Ag expressed significantly higher metallothionein mRNA levels in low Cl- media (0, 1, and 5 mM) than in high Cl- medium (146 mM). This suggests that chloride complexation reduces silver bioreactivity and toxicity. Conversely, Cu bioavailability and toxicity were higher in the high chloride medium (146 mM) than in the low Cl- (0, 1, and 5 mM) media, supporting the hypothesis that Cu uptake may occur via a chloride dependent mechanism. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: This study did not require clinical trial registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ibrahim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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18
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Yamatoya K, Nagai Y, Teramoto N, Kang W, Miyado K, Nakata K, Yagi T, Miyamoto Y. Cryopreservation of undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells. Regen Ther 2022; 19:58-68. [PMID: 35059480 PMCID: PMC8749124 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective use of human-derived cells that are difficult to freeze, such as parenchymal cells and differentiated cells from stem cells, is crucial. A stable supply of damage-sensitive cells, such as differentiated neuronal cells, neurons, and glial cells can contribute considerably to cell therapy. We developed a serum-free freezing solution that is effective for the cryopreservation of differentiated neuronal cells. The quality of the differentiated and undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells was determined based on cell viability, live-cell recovery rate, and morphology of cultured cells, to assess the efficacy of the freezing solutions. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH neuronal cells were reduced by approximately 1.5-folds compared to that of the undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH cells were remarkably different between the freezing solutions containing 10% DMSO and that containing 10% glycerol. Cryoprotectants such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), antifreeze proteins (sericin), and sugars (maltose), are essential for protecting against freeze damage in differentiated neuronal cells and parenchymal cells. Serum-free alternatives (sericin and maltose) could increase safety during cell transplantation and regenerative medicine. Considering these, we propose an effective freezing solution for the cryopreservation of neuronal cells. The timing of freezing during cell differentiation. More effective serum-free freezing solution for differentiated neuronal cells. Improving the quality of damage-sensitive cells, such as differentiated neuronal cells.
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Fuchylo U, Alharbi HA, Alcaraz AJ, Jones PD, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Inflammation of Gill Epithelia in Fish Causes Increased Permeation of Petrogenic Polar Organic Chemicals via Disruption of Tight Junctions. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:1820-1829. [PMID: 35015514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cell layer that lines the gills of fish controls paracellular permeation of chemicals through tight junctions. The integrity of tight junctions can be affected by inflammation, which likely affects the bioavailability of chemicals. Here, the inflammation of the rainbow trout gill cell line RTgill-W1 was induced via exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cells were then coexposed to extracts of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), which contain complex mixtures of chemicals. After 24 h of exposure, cells exposed to LPS showed a reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance, an indicator of tight junction integrity. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis determined that abundances of transcripts of genes coding for tight junction proteins were significantly less in cells exposed to 20, 50, or 100 mg L-1 LPS. Chemical analysis revealed increased permeation of constituents of OSPW across epithelia at all studied LPS concentrations. These in vitro findings were confirmed in vivo in rainbow trout exposed to LPS and OSPW for 48 h, which resulted in greater accumulation of chemicals relative to that for fish exposed to OSPW alone. Our results demonstrated that inflammation and disruption of tight junctions could lead to greater uptake of potentially harmful chemicals from the environment, which has implications for mixture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Fuchylo
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hattan A Alharbi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5CN, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B4, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 3H5, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5CN, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5CN, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 3H5, Canada
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20
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Khort A, Brookman-Amissah M, Hedberg J, Chang T, Mei N, Lundberg A, Sturve J, Blomberg E, Odnevall I. Influence of natural organic matter on the transformation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their ecotoxic potency in vitro. NanoImpact 2022; 25:100386. [PMID: 35559892 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased use and production of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) lead to an elevated risk of their diffuse dispersion into the aquatic environment and increased concern on unknown effects induced by their release into the aquatic ecosystem. An improved understanding of the environmental transformation processes of NPs of various surface characteristics is hence imperative for risk assessment and management. This study presents results on effects of natural organic matter (NOM) on the environmental transformation and dissolution of metal and metal oxide NPs of different surface and solubility properties in synthetic freshwater (FW) with and without NOM. Adsorption of NOM was evident on most of the studied NPs, except Sb and Sb2O3, which resulted in the formation of negatively charged colloids of higher stability and smaller size distribution compared with the same NPs in FW only. The dissolution rate of the NPs in the presence of NOM correlated with the strength of interactions between the carboxylate group of NOM and the particle surface, and resulted in either no (Mn, Sb, ZnO NPs), increased (Co, Sn NPs) and decreased (Ni, NiO, Sb2O3, Y2O3 NPs) levels of dissolution. One type of metal NP from each group (Mn, Ni, Sn) were investigated to assess whether observed differences in adsorption of NOM and dissolution would influence their ecotoxic potency. The results showed Mn, Ni, and Sn NPs to generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time and dose-dependent manner. The extent of ROS generation in FW was similar for both Mn and Ni NPs but higher for Sn NPs. These findings are possibly related to interactions and infiltration of the NPs with the cells, which lead to redox imbalances which could induce oxidative stress and cell damage. At the same time, the presence of NOM generally reduced the intracellular ROS generation by 20-40% for the investigated NPs and also reduced cytotoxicity of Sn NPs, which can be attributed to the stronger interaction of carboxylate groups of NOM with the surface of the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Khort
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas vag 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Research Center of Engineering Ceramic Nanomaterials, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Jonas Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas vag 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Surface Science Western, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tingru Chang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas vag 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nanxuan Mei
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas vag 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie Lundberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas vag 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Blomberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas vag 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas vag 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska, Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neuroscience, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Stanic B, Petrovic J, Basica B, Kaisarevic S, Schirmer K, Andric N. Characterization of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation profile in human and fish liver cells upon exposure to chemicals of environmental concern. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 88:103749. [PMID: 34547448 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We developed phospho-ERK1/2 ELISA for human and rainbow trout liver cells, employing HepG2 and RTL-W1 cell lines as models. The assay was applied to detect changes in ERK1/2 activity for nine chemicals, added over a wide concentration range and time points. Cell viability was measured to separate ERK1/2 regulation from cytotoxicity. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and carbendazim did not change ERK1/2 activity; influence on ERK1/2 due to cytotoxicity was indicated for tributyltin and cypermethrin. Mancozeb, benzo[a]pyrene, and bisphenol A stimulated ERK1/2 up to ∼2- (HepG2) and 1.5 (RTL-W1)-fold, though the kinetics differed between chemicals and cell lines. Bisphenol A and benzo[a]pyrene were the most potent concentration-wise, altering ERK1/2 activity in pM (HepG2) to nM (RTL-W1) range. While atrazine and ibuprofen increased ERK1/2 activity by ∼2-fold in HepG2, they did not initiate an appreciable response in RTL-W1. This assay proved to be a sensitive, medium- to high-throughput tool for detecting unrecognized ERK1/2-disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stanic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | - Jelena Petrovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | - Branka Basica
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia.
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Knížatová N, Greifová H, Tokárová K, Jambor T, Binkowski ŁJ, Lukáč N. Assessment of the Effective Impact of Bisphenols on Mitochondrial Activity, Viability and Steroidogenesis in a Dose-Dependency in Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:1471. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bisphenol analogues such as bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) have come to replace bisphenol A (BPA) in food packaging and food containers, since BPA has been shown to leach into food and water, causing numerous negative health effects. Although much information on the endocrine activity of BPA is available, a proper human hazard assessment of analogues that are believed to have a less harmful toxicity profile is lacking. The aim of our in vitro study was to assess the potential effect of bisphenol B, F, and S on the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, we evaluated mitochondrial activity using the MTT test and viability using triple assay. Adrenocortical carcinoma cells were cultivated for 24 h in the presence of bisphenol B, F, or S (0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM). We demonstrated that BPB, BPF, and BPS could affect progesterone and testosterone secretion, as well as affect cell mitochondrial, lysosomal, and metabolic activity, as well as plasma membrane integrity, but considerably more detailed and systematic research is required for a better understanding of risks associated with the effects of bisphenols on steroidogenesis.
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23
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Opršal J, Knotek P, Zickler GA, Sigg L, Schirmer K, Pouzar M, Geppert M. Cytotoxicity, Accumulation and Translocation of Silver and Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles in contact with Rainbow Trout Intestinal Cells. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 237:105869. [PMID: 34082272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are widely used in consumer products especially because of their antimicrobial properties. However, this wide usage of Ag NPs is accompanied by their release into the environment where they will be rapidly transformed to other silver species - especially silver sulfide (Ag2S). In the present study, we synthesized Ag NPs and sulfidized them to obtain a core-shell system Ag@Ag2S NPs. Both types of particles form stable dispersions with hydrodynamic diameters of less than 100 nm when diluted in water, but tend to form micrometer-sized agglomerates in biological exposure media. Application of Ag and Ag@Ag2S NPs to rainbow trout intestinal cells (RTgutGC) resulted in a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity for both types of particles, as assessed by a three-endpoint assay for metabolic activity, membrane integrity and lysosomal integrity. The Ag NPs were shown to be slightly more toxic than the Ag@Ag2S NPs. Adding Ag or Ag@Ag2S NPs to RTgutGC cells, grown on a permeable membrane to mimic the intestinal barrier, revealed considerable accumulation of silver for both types of particles. Indeed, the cells significantly attenuated the NP translocation, allowing only a fraction of the metal to translocate across the intestinal epithelium. These findings support the notion that the intestine constitutes an important sink for Ag NPs and that, despite the reduced cytotoxicity of a sulfidized NP form, the particles can enter fish where they may constitute a long-term source for silver ion release and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Opršal
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic; Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Petr Knotek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Gregor A Zickler
- University of Salzburg, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Laura Sigg
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miloslav Pouzar
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Geppert
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Scott J, Belden JB, Minghetti M. Applications of the RTgill-W1 Cell Line for Acute Whole-Effluent Toxicity Testing: In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation and Optimization of Exposure Conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:1050-1061. [PMID: 33617022 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cell line RTgill-W1 was evaluated as an in vitro alternative model for acute fish whole-effluent toxicity (WET) testing. We determined the 50% effective concentration (EC50) that reduces the viability of RTgill-W1 cells for selected toxicants commonly found in effluent samples and correlated those values with the respective 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of freshwater (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) and marine (sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus) fish species obtained from the literature. Excluding low water-soluble organics and the volatile sodium hypochlorite, significant correlations were measured for metal, metalloids, ammonia, and higher water-soluble organics between in vitro EC50 values and in vivo LC50 values for both species. Typically, toxicity studies with RTgill-W1 cells are conducted by adding salts to the exposure medium, which may affect the bioavailability of toxicants. Osmotic tolerance of RTgill-W1 cells was found between 150 and 450 mOsm/kg, which were set as the hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic limits. A subset of the toxicants were then reexamined in hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic media. Copper toxicity decreased in hyperosmotic medium, and nickel toxicity increased in hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic media. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate toxicity was not affected by the medium osmolality. Overall, RTgill-W1 cells have shown potential for applications in measuring metal, metalloids, ammonia, and water-soluble organic chemicals in acute WET tests, as well as complementing current toxicity identification and reduction evaluation strategies. In the present study, RTgill-W1 cells have been established as a valid animal alternative for WET testing, and we show that through manipulation of medium osmotic ranges, sensitivity to nickel was enhanced. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1050-1061. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jason B Belden
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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25
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Zhou S, Xing Y, Yuan X, Wu G, Zhu X, Wu D. Cytotoxicity and action mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a miniature electrochemical detection system. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:19. [PMID: 33770288 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the activity of V79 cells were studied by using a miniature electrochemical system based on graphene oxide quantum dots and multiwall carbon nanotubes modified anodized screen printed carbon electrode. The cytotoxicity sequence of PAHs on V79 cells was different with guanine/xanthine (G/X), adenine (A), hypoxanthine (HX), and the end product of purine nucleotide catabolism, uric acid (UA), as biomarkers. The IC50 values measured with UA as the biomarker were the lowest, indicating that UA in cells was more sensitive to PAHs. The cytotoxicity sequence with G/X as the biomarker was the same as that of the MTT assay: pyrene > phenanthrene > benzo[a]pyrene > fluoranthene > fluorene > naphthalene. The cytotoxicity sequences measured by different biomarkers varied, which related to different structures that may influence the expression of the cellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor, gap junctional intercellular communication, and p53 protein. PAHs with different structures played varied roles in cell development and differentiation. Additionally, the electrochemical method was more sensitive than the MTT assay. The miniature electrochemical system enabled the simultaneous detection of four signals in cells, providing more information for multi-parameter evaluation and toxic mechanism study of PAHs and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guanlan Wu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
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26
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Chanda D, Dudefoi W, Anadu J, Minghetti M. Evaluation of the effect of silver and silver nanoparticles on the function of selenoproteins using an in-vitro model of the fish intestine: The cell line RTgutGC. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111930. [PMID: 33472113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research in mammalian cells suggests that ionic (AgNO3) and nano silver (AgNP) can disrupt the metabolism of selenium which plays a vital role in oxidative stress control. However, the effect of silver (Ag) on selenoprotein function in fish is poorly understood. Here we evaluate the effects of AgNO3 and citrate coated AgNP (cit-AgNP) on selenoprotein function and oxidative stress using a fish cell line derived from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine (RTgutGC). Cell viability was evaluated using a cytotoxicity assay which measures simultaneously metabolic activity, membrane integrity and lysosome integrity. Cells exposed to equimolar amounts of AgNO3 and cit-AgNP accumulated the same amount of silver intracellularly, however AgNO3 was more toxic than cit-AgNP. Selenoenzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) mRNA levels and enzyme activity were measured. While mRNA levels remained unaffected by AgNO3 or cit-AgNP, the enzyme activity of GPx was inhibited by AgNO3 (1 µM) and cit-AgNP (5 µM) and TrxR activity was inhibited by AgNO3 (0.4 µM) and cit-AgNP (1, 5 µM). Moreover, cells exposed to 1 µM of AgNO3 and cit-AgNP showed an increase in metallothionein b (MTb) mRNA levels at 24 h of exposure, confirming the uptake of silver, but returned to control levels at 72 h suggesting silver scavenging by MTb. Oxidative stress was not observed at any of the doses of AgNO3 or cit-AgNP tested. Overall, this study shows that AgNO3 or cit-AgNP can inhibit the activity of selenoenzymes but do not induce oxidative stress in RTgutGC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chanda
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - William Dudefoi
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua Anadu
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Šrédlová K, Šilhavecká S, Linhartová L, Semerád J, Michalíková K, Pivokonský M, Cajthaml T. The sensitivity of multiple ecotoxicological assays for evaluating Microcystis aeruginosa cellular algal organic matter and contribution of cyanotoxins to the toxicity. Toxicon 2021; 195:69-77. [PMID: 33711366 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria and algae released during algal blooms often exhibit toxic effects, but only a small number of the metabolites are the subject of routine analytical screenings. Alternatively, ecotoxicological assays offer a better representation of the overall negative effects. The aim of this work was to compare multiple assays in their sensitivity towards cellular algal organic matter (COM) of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Multiple endpoints were investigated: mortality, growth inhibition, bioluminescence inhibition, genotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting effects, oxidative stress, and the induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD). Three rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines as well as representatives of bacteria, yeasts, algae, vascular plants, and crustaceans were employed, and the results were expressed per mg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the COM. M. aeruginosa COM was toxic to the RTgill-W1, RTG-2, and RTL-W1 cell lines (EC50 values ranging from 0.48 ± 0.02 to 1.9 ± 0.1 mgDOC/L), to the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus (LC50 = 20 ± 1 mgDOC/L), and to Lepidium sativum (IC50 = 241 ± 13 mgDOC/L). In contrast, no effect was observed for bacteria and yeasts, and the growth of the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was even stimulated. No genotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting effects or increase in oxidative stress or EROD activity was detected. The content of six microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-LY, MC-LW, and MC-LF), anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and nodularin in the M. aeruginosa COM was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An artificially prepared mixture of the detected cyanotoxins in the corresponding concentrations did not induce response in the O. mykiss cell lines and T. platyurus, suggesting that other cyanobacterial metabolites are responsible for the toxicity of M. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Šrédlová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Šilhavecká
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Michalíková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonský
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Paťankou 30/5, CZ-166 12, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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28
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BiBi T, Khan TM. Assessment of engineered nanosilver as an alternative nano-antibiotic in marine water pollution using biomarker of fish cell line. Toxicology Research and Application 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847321998282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A large volume of antibiotics is used in fish farms to treat diseases because the farmed fish are fully affected by diseases and parasites in the aquaculture and particularly in the ocean environment where disease pathogens multiply quickly. The frequent use of these antibiotics in aquaculture has resulted in animal; stress, infection, and their dissemination in the form of antibiotic resistant genes to other bacteria including human and animal pathogens. The problems arising with antibiotics can be overcome by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their physiochemical properties and low toxicity. So AgNPs could be combined with antibiotics to induce infections in fish cell lines and to protect dissemination of antibiotics in the form of antibiotics resistant genes. We expose AgNPs on fish cell lines as a new nano-antibacterial agent to investigate and obtain findings in terms of the cell viability and toxicity. The experimental data is analyzed to examine the antibacterial effects of nanosilver as a replacement agent and discuss the complex scenario, drawbacks, techniques, methods, main mechanisms, and procedures to perform antibacterial tests of exposed AgNPs. There would be an attempt to deal with the AgNPs antibacterial therapies for the fish cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba BiBi
- Nanolab, Focas Institute, Technological University of Dublin (TUD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Taj Muhammad Khan
- Department of physics, School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Materials Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Stadnicka-Michalak J, Bramaz N, Schönenberger R, Schirmer K. Predicting exposure concentrations of chemicals with a wide range of volatility and hydrophobicity in different multi-well plate set-ups. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4680. [PMID: 33633258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of chemical toxicity in small-scale bioassays is challenging owing to small volumes used and extensive analytical resource needs. Yet, relying on nominal concentrations for effect determination maybe erroneous because loss processes can significantly reduce the actual exposure. Mechanistic models for predicting exposure concentrations based on distribution coefficients exist but require further validation with experimental data. Here we developed a complementary empirical model framework to predict chemical medium concentrations using different well-plate formats (24/48-well), plate covers (plastic lid, or additionally aluminum foil or adhesive foil), exposure volumes, and biological entities (fish, algal cells), focusing on the chemicals’ volatility and hydrophobicity as determinants. The type of plate cover and medium volume were identified as important drivers of volatile chemical loss, which could accurately be predicted by the framework. The model focusing on adhesive foil as cover was exemplary cross-validated and extrapolated to other set-ups, specifically 6-well plates with fish cells and 24-well plates with zebrafish embryos. Two case study model applications further demonstrated the utility of the empirical model framework for toxicity predictions. Thus, our approach can significantly improve the applicability of small-scale systems by providing accurate chemical concentrations in exposure media without resource- and time-intensive analytical measurements.
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Lungu-Mitea S, Vogs C, Carlsson G, Montag M, Frieberg K, Oskarsson A, Lundqvist J. Modeling Bioavailable Concentrations in Zebrafish Cell Lines and Embryos Increases the Correlation of Toxicity Potencies across Test Systems. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:447-457. [PMID: 33320646 PMCID: PMC7872314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Linking cellular toxicity to low-tier animal toxicity and beyond is crucial within the adverse outcome pathway concept and the 3R framework. This study aimed to determine and compare the bioavailable effect concentrations in zebrafish cell lines and embryos. Acute, short-term toxicity (48 h) of eight veterinary pharmaceuticals was measured in two zebrafish cell lines (hepatocytes, fibroblasts) and zebrafish embryos. Seven endpoints of cytotoxicity were recorded. The fish embryo acute toxicity test was modified by adding sublethal endpoints. Chemical distribution modeling (mass balance) was applied to compute the bioavailable compound concentrations in cells (Cfree) and embryos (Cint;aq) based on nominal effect concentrations (Cnom). Effect concentration ratios were calculated (cell effects/embryo effects). A low correlation was observed between cytotoxicity and embryo toxicity when nominal concentrations were used. Modeled bioavailable effect concentrations strongly increased correlations and placed regression lines close to the line of unity and axis origin. Cytotoxicity endpoints showed differences in sensitivity and predictability. The hepatocyte cell line depicted closer proximity to the embryo data. Conclusively, the high positive correlation between the cell- and embryo-based test systems emphasizes the appropriate modulation of toxicity when linked to bioavailable concentrations. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of fish cell lines to be utilized in integrated testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lungu-Mitea
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maximiliane Montag
- Institute
for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Frieberg
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ibrahim M, Oldham D, Minghetti M. Role of metal speciation in the exposure medium on the toxicity, bioavailability and bio-reactivity of copper, silver, cadmium and zinc in the rainbow trout gut cell line (RTgutGC). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 236:108816. [PMID: 32502601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of metal speciation on metal bioavailability, bio-reactivity and toxicity at the fish intestine is poorly understood. To investigate these processes, we used an in vitro model of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine, the RTgutGC cell line. Cells were exposed to two essential metals (copper and zinc) and two non-essential metals (cadmium and silver) in a medium of well-defined composition, which allowed the determination of metal speciation in solution. Concentrations resulting in a 50% cell viability reduction (EC50) were measured using a viability assay based on two endpoints: metabolic activity and membrane integrity. Metal bioavailability and bio-reactivity was studied at non-toxic (300 nM all metals) and toxic (EC10; Ag-0.6, Cu-0.9, Cd-3, and Zn-9 μM) concentrations. Bioavailability (i.e. intracellular metal accumulation) was determined by ICP-MS, while bio-reactivity (i.e. induction of a metal specific transcriptional response) was determined by measuring the mRNA levels of a known biomarker of metal exposure (i.e. metallothionein) and of copper and zinc transporters (i.e. ATP7A and ZnT1). Dominant metal species in the exposure medium were Zn2+, CuHPO4, CdCl+, and AgCl2- respectively for Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ag. The EC50s showed the metal toxicity hierarchy: Ag > Cu > Cd > Zn. In RTgutGC cells, essential metal homeostasis was tightly regulated while non-essential metals accumulated more readily. Non-essential metals were also more bio-reactive inducing higher MT and ZnT1 mRNA levels. Taken together these findings indicate that metal toxicity in RTgutGC cannot solely be explained by extracellular metal speciation but requires the evaluation of metal bioavailability and bio-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ibrahim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dean Oldham
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Kamiloglu
- Mevsim Gida Sanayi ve Soguk Depo Ticaret A.S. (MVSM Foods) Bursa Turkey
| | - Gulce Sari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Tugba Ozdal
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Istanbul Okan University Tuzla Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Turkey
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Brinkmann M, Alharbi H, Fuchylo U, Wiseman S, Morandi G, Peng H, Giesy JP, Jones PD, Hecker M. Mechanisms of pH-Dependent Uptake of Ionizable Organic Chemicals by Fish from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water (OSPW). Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:9547-9555. [PMID: 32639732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and effects of ionizable organic chemicals (IOCs) that are weak acids in aqueous solution by fish can differ as a function of pH. While the pH-dependent behavior of select IOCs is well-understood, complex mixtures of IOCs, e.g., from oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), have not yet been studied systematically. Here, we established an in vitro screening method using the rainbow trout gill cell line, RTgill-W1, to investigate pH-dependent cytotoxicity and permeation of IOCs across cultured epithelia using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). The assay was benchmarked using model chemicals and technical mixtures, and then used to characterize fractions and reconstituted extracts of field-collected OSPW. Significant pH-dependent cytotoxicity of individual IOCs, acidic fractions, and reconstituted extracts of OSPW was observed. In vitro data were in good agreement with data from a 96 h in vivo exposure experiment with juvenile rainbow trout. Permeation of some IOCs from OSPW was mediated by active transport, as revealed by studies in which inhibitors of these active transport mechanisms were applied. We conclude that the RTgill-W1 in vitro assay is useful for the screening of pH-dependent uptake of IOCs in fish, and has applications for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, and prioritization of chemicals in nontarget screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5C8, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- Global Institutes for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Hattan Alharbi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulyana Fuchylo
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Garrett Morandi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Paul D Jones
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5C8, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5C8, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
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Vidyarathna NK, Papke E, Coyne KJ, Cohen JH, Warner ME. Functional trait thermal acclimation differs across three species of mid-Atlantic harmful algae. Harmful Algae 2020; 94:101804. [PMID: 32414505 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the thermal niche of harmful algae is crucial for understanding and projecting the effects of future climate change on harmful algal blooms. The effects of 6 different temperatures (18-32 °C) on the growth, photophysiology, and toxicity were examined in the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum, and the raphidophytes, Heterosigma akashiwo and Chattonella subsalsa from the Delaware Inland Bays (DIB). K. veneficum and H. akashiwo had skewed unimodal growth patterns, with temperature optima (Topt) at 28.6 and 27.3 °C respectively and an upper thermal niche limit of 32 °C. In contrast, C. subsalsa growth increased linearly with temperature, suggesting Topt and upper thermal boundaries >32 °C. K. veneficum photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency remained stable across all temperatures, while H. akashiwo PSII efficiency declined at higher temperature and C. subsalsa was susceptible to low temperature (~18 °C) photoinactivation. Cell toxicity thermal response was species-specific such that K. veneficum toxicity increased with temperature above Topt. Raphidophyte toxicity peaked at 25-28 °C and was in close agreement with Topt for growth in H. akashiwo but below C. subsalsa maximal growth. The mode of toxicity was markedly different between the dinoflagellate and the raphidophytes such that K. veneficum had greater hemolytic activity while the raphidophytes had pronounced fish gill cell toxicity. These results and patterns of natural abundance for these algae in the DIB suggest that continued ocean warming may contribute to C. subsalsa bloom formation while possibly promoting highly toxic blooms of K. veneficum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayani K Vidyarathna
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Erin Papke
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Kathryn J Coyne
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Jonathan H Cohen
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Mark E Warner
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States.
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Greifová H, Jambor T, Tokárová K, Speváková I, Knížatová N, Lukáč N. Resveratrol attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in TM3 Leydig cells in vitro. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:585-595. [PMID: 32178576 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1717899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present study was to investigate in vitro protective potential of resveratrol in TM3 Leydig cells with induced oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Leydig cells experiencing oxidative stress exhibit reduced activities in androgens production, and become hypofunctional with age, which is also related to growing oxidative stress, while resveratrol has received growing attention as a cytoprotective agent. TM3 mouse Leydig cells were cultivated during 24 h in the presence of resveratrol (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) alone, or in combination with H2O2 (300/600 μM) to induce oxidative stress. Mitochondrial activity was evaluated using MTT test, triple assay was used in order to assess cell viability parameters, intracellular generation of superoxide was determined by the nitroblue-tetrazolium assay, and quantification of steroid hormones was performed by the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Resveratrol alone treatment led to the most significantly improved values of all tested parameters in the cells of experimental group with addition of 10 μM of resveratrol in comparison to the control group. In the case of cells with induced oxidative stress (300 μM H2O2) resveratrol administration resulted in significantly increased (P < 0.05) metabolic activity, as well as cell membrane integrity at concentration 10 μM. Significantly improved (P < 0.001) lysosomal activity showed cells treated with 5 and 10 μM of resveratrol, and the level of both measured hormones was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cells supplemented with 10 μM of resveratrol. Significant decline of superoxide radical production was observed in all experimental groups in comparison to the control exposed to H2O2 alone. With respect to cells exposed to higher concentration of H2O2 (600 μM), results showed positive effect of resveratrol only in biosynthesis of both androgens with significant increased values in experimental group treated with 5 μM (P < 0.05) and 10 μM (P < 0.01) of resveratrol, in addition, in the case of testosterone we recorded significant higher (P < 0.05) values in cells with addition of 25 and 50 μM resveratrol when compared to H2O2 control. More specific and systematic research focused especially on androgen biosynthesis is necessary related to the biological activity of resveratrol in male reproductive system due to inconsistent results of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Greifová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Jambor
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Speváková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Nikola Knížatová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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García-Gómez C, García S, Obrador A, Almendros P, González D, Fernández MD. Effect of ageing of bare and coated nanoparticles of zinc oxide applied to soil on the Zn behaviour and toxicity to fish cells due to transfer from soil to water bodies. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135713. [PMID: 31791765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of ageing of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) applied to soil on the potential availability and chemical speciation of Zn, and also of their toxicity to aquatic organisms due to transfer of contaminants from soil to water. To this end, soil samples were spiked with two types of bare nanoparticles: b1ZnO NPs (rod- and elongated-shaped) and b2ZnO NPs (near-spherical shaped) and ZnO NPs coated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (cZnO NPs) within the 0-800 mg Zn kg-1 soil dose range, and were left to age for 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. The available concentration and speciation of Zn in soil were determined by the DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) technique and sequential extraction procedures, respectively. The toxicity of the aqueous extracts from the ZnO NP-treated soils was assessed in vitro in established fish cell lines (RTG-2). The highest distribution percentages of the applied Zn occurred in the organically complexed (OC), followed by the exchangeable (EXC) fraction, for all NP types, applied doses and incubation times. The toxicity of NPs depended on their intrinsic properties: b1ZnO NPs affected the membrane function, reductase enzyme activity and, to a lesser extent, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of fish cells, whereas b2ZnO NPs and cZnO NPs affected mainly ROS generation. Ageing increased Zn soil availability, but toxicity to fish cells showed no trend over time. The particle dissolution of ZnO NPs did not explain the observed toxicity, hence a nanoparticles-specific effect should be assumed. The findings of this study seem to indicate that the transfer of ZnO NP from contaminated soils to aquatic ecosystems should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción García-Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Environment Department, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sandra García
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Environment Department, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Obrador
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Patricia Almendros
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Demetrio González
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Environment Department, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Pérez-Albaladejo E, Lacorte S, Porte C. Differential Toxicity of Alkylphenols in JEG-3 Human Placental Cells: Alteration of P450 Aromatase and Cell Lipid Composition. Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:336-346. [PMID: 30247713 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylphenols (APs) are a diverse class of chemicals that can cross the placental barrier and interfere with embryonic and fetal development. This work investigates the comparative toxicity, ability to inhibit aromatase activity, and to alter the lipid composition of 10 alkylphenols in the human placenta choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3. Among the selected APs, 4-dodecylphenol (DP), 4-heptylphenol (HP), and 4-cumylphenol (CP) showed the highest cytotoxicity (EC50: 18-65 µM). Aromatase inhibition was closely related to the hydrophobicity of APs. HP significantly induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (43-fold), inhibited placental aromatase activity (IC50: 41 µM), and induced a general dose-dependent depletion of polyunsaturated lipids (10-20 µM), which were attributed to high levels of oxidative stress. In contrast, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (TTBP) significantly induced the intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerides (TGs), whereas DP increased the synthesis of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and TGs at the expense of diacylglycerides (DGs). Overall, this study evidences the different modes of action of alkylphenols in human placental JEG-3 cells, describes differential lipidomic fingerprints, and highlights DP, HP, CP, and TTBP as the ones that caused the most harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Birch H, Kramer NI, Mayer P. Time-Resolved Freely Dissolved Concentrations of Semivolatile and Hydrophobic Test Chemicals in In Vitro Assays-Measuring High Losses and Crossover by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1780-1790. [PMID: 31426631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays are normally conducted in plastic multiwell plates open to exchange with the ambient air. The concentration of test substances freely available to cells is often not known, can change over time, and is difficult to measure in the small volumes in microplates. However, even a well-characterized toxicological response is of limited value if it cannot be linked to a well-defined exposure level. The aim of this study was to develop and apply an approach for determining time-resolved freely dissolved concentrations of semivolatile and hydrophobic organic chemicals (SVHOCs) in in vitro assays: (1) free fractions were measured by a new medium dilution method and (2) time-resolved loss curves were obtained by measurements of total concentrations in 96-well plates during incubations at 37 °C. Headspace solid-phase microextraction was used as an analytical technique for 24 model chemicals spanning 6 chemical groups and 4-5 orders of magnitude in Kow and Kaw. Free fractions were >30% for chemicals with log Kow < 3.5 and then decreased with increasing log Kow. Medium concentrations declined significantly (>50%) within 24 h of incubation for all 20 chemicals having log Kow > 4 or log Kaw > -3.5 in serum-free medium. Losses of chemicals were lower for medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, most significantly for chemicals with log Kow > 4. High crossover to neighboring wells also was observed below log Kow of 4 and log Kaw of -3.5. Sealing the well plates had limited effect on the losses but clearly reduced crossover. The high losses and crossover of most tested chemicals question the suitability of multiwell plates for in vitro testing of SVHOCs and call for (1) test systems that minimize losses, (2) methods to control in vitro exposure, (3) analytical confirmation of exposure, and (4) exposure control and confirmation being included in good in vitro reporting standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Birch
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , 3508 TC Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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Fischer M, Belanger SE, Berckmans P, Bernhard MJ, Bláha L, Coman Schmid DE, Dyer SD, Haupt T, Hermens JLM, Hultman MT, Laue H, Lillicrap A, Mlnaříková M, Natsch A, Novák J, Sinnige TL, Tollefsen KE, von Niederhäusern V, Witters H, Županič A, Schirmer K. Repeatability and Reproducibility of the RTgill-W1 Cell Line Assay for Predicting Fish Acute Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2019; 169:353-364. [PMID: 30825313 PMCID: PMC6542334 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting fish acute toxicity of chemicals in vitro is an attractive alternative method to the conventional approach using juvenile and adult fish. The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell line assay with RTgill-W1 cells has been designed for this purpose. It quantifies cell viability using fluorescent measurements for metabolic activity, cell- and lysosomal-membrane integrity on the same set of cells. Results from over 70 organic chemicals attest to the high predictive capacity of this test. We here report on the repeatability (intralaboratory variability) and reproducibility (interlaboratory variability) of the RTgill-W1 cell line assay in a round-robin study focusing on 6 test chemicals involving 6 laboratories from the industrial and academic sector. All participating laboratories were able to establish the assay according to preset quality criteria even though, apart from the lead laboratory, none had previously worked with the RTgill-W1 cell line. Concentration-response modeling, based on either nominal or geometric mean-derived measured concentrations, yielded effect concentrations (EC50) that spanned approximately 4 orders of magnitude over the chemical range, covering all fish acute toxicity categories. Coefficients of variation for intralaboratory and interlaboratory variability for the average of the 3 fluorescent cell viability measurements were 15.5% and 30.8%, respectively, which is comparable to other fish-derived, small-scale bioassays. This study therefore underlines the robustness of the RTgill-W1 cell line assay and its accurate performance when carried out by operators in different laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Fischer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Scott E Belanger
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Global Product Stewardship, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA
| | - Pascale Berckmans
- VITO-ABS team, Department of Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Mary J Bernhard
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Global Product Stewardship, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA
| | - Ludek Bláha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Diana E Coman Schmid
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott D Dyer
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Global Product Stewardship, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA
| | - Tina Haupt
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Department of In vitro Molecular Screening, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Joop L M Hermens
- IRAS, The Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Toxicology Division, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T Hultman
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for ecotoxicology, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heike Laue
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Department of In vitro Molecular Screening, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Adam Lillicrap
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for ecotoxicology, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Mlnaříková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Natsch
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Department of In vitro Molecular Screening, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Theo L Sinnige
- IRAS, The Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Toxicology Division, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for ecotoxicology, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hilda Witters
- VITO-ABS team, Department of Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Anze Županič
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Groothuis FA, Timmer N, Opsahl E, Nicol B, Droge STJ, Blaauboer BJ, Kramer NI. Influence of in Vitro Assay Setup on the Apparent Cytotoxic Potency of Benzalkonium Chlorides. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1103-1114. [PMID: 31012305 PMCID: PMC6584903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The nominal concentration
is generally used to express concentration–effect
relationships in in vitro toxicity assays. However, the nominal concentration
does not necessarily represent the exposure concentration responsible
for the observed effect. Surfactants accumulate at interphases and
likely sorb to in vitro system components such as serum protein and
well plate plastic. The extent of sorption and the consequences of
this sorption on in vitro readouts is largely unknown for these chemicals.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of sorption to
in vitro components on the observed cytotoxic potency of benzalkonium
chlorides (BAC) varying in alkyl chain length (6–18 carbon
atoms, C6–18) in a basal cytotoxicity assay with
the rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1). Cells were exposed for
48 h in 96-well plates to increasing concentration of BACs in exposure
medium containing 0, 60 μM bovine serum albumin (BSA) or 10%
fetal bovine serum (FBS). Before and after exposure, BAC concentrations
in exposure medium were analytically determined. Based on freely dissolved
concentrations at the end of the exposure, median effect concentrations
(EC50) decreased with increasing alkyl chain length up
to 14 carbons. For BAC with alkyl chains of 12 or more carbons, EC50’s based on measured concentrations after exposure
in supplement-free medium were up to 25-times lower than EC50’s calculated using nominal concentrations. When BSA or FBS
was added to the medium, a decrease in cytotoxic potency of up to
22 times was observed for BAC with alkyl chains of eight or more carbons.
The results of this study emphasize the importance of expressing the
in vitro readouts as a function of a dose metric that is least influenced
by assay setup to compare assay sensitivities and chemical potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris A Groothuis
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Niels Timmer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Eystein Opsahl
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Beate Nicol
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre , Unilever U.K. , Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ , United Kingdom
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Bas J Blaauboer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
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41
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Routti H, Berg MK, Lille-Langøy R, Øygarden L, Harju M, Dietz R, Sonne C, Goksøyr A. Environmental contaminants modulate the transcriptional activity of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA). Sci Rep 2019; 9:6918. [PMID: 31061404 PMCID: PMC6502799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alfa (PPARA/NR1C1) is a ligand activated nuclear receptor that is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in tissues with high fatty acid catabolism such as the liver. Here, we cloned PPARA from polar bear liver tissue and studied in vitro transactivation of polar bear and human PPARA by environmental contaminants using a luciferase reporter assay. Six hinge and ligand-binding domain amino acids have been substituted in polar bear PPARA compared to human PPARA. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) and perfluorosulfonic acids induced the transcriptional activity of both human and polar bear PPARA. The most abundant PFCA in polar bear tissue, perfluorononanoate, increased polar bear PPARA-mediated luciferase activity to a level comparable to that of the potent PPARA agonist WY-14643 (~8-fold, 25 μM). Several brominated flame retardants were weak agonists of human and polar bear PPARA. While single exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls did not, or only slightly, increase the transcriptional activity of PPARA, a technical mixture of PCBs (Aroclor 1254) strongly induced the transcriptional activity of human (~8-fold) and polar bear PPARA (~22-fold). Polar bear PPARA was both quantitatively and qualitatively more susceptible than human PPARA to transactivation by less lipophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Mari K Berg
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene Øygarden
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
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42
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Lammel T, Mackevica A, Johansson BR, Sturve J. Endocytosis, intracellular fate, accumulation, and agglomeration of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles in the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:15354-15372. [PMID: 30929178 PMCID: PMC6529399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) present in water or diet can be taken up by fish and accumulate in internal organs including the liver. However, their further fate in the organ is unknown. This study provides new insights into the interaction, uptake mechanism, intracellular trafficking, and fate of TiO2 NPs (Aeroxide® P25) in fish liver parenchymal cells (RTL-W1) in vitro using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) as complementary analytical techniques. The results demonstrate that following their uptake via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, TiO2 NPs were trafficked through different intracellular compartments including early endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and late endosomes/endo-lysosomes, and eventually concentrated inside multilamellar vesicles. TEM and spICP-MS results provide evidence that uptake was nano-specific. Only NPs/NP agglomerates of a specific size range (~ 30-100 nm) were endocytosed; larger agglomerates were excluded from uptake and remained located in the extracellular space/exposure medium. NP number and mass inside cells increased linearly with time and was associated with an increase in particle diameter suggesting intracellular agglomeration/aggregation. No alterations in the expression of genes regulated by the redox balance-sensitive transcription factor Nrf-2 including superoxide dismutase, glutamyl cysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase were observed. This shows that, despite the high intracellular NP burden (~ 3.9 × 102 ng Ti/mg protein after 24 h) and NP-interaction with mitochondria, cellular redox homeostasis was not significantly affected. This study contributes to a better mechanistic understanding of in vitro particokinetics as well as the potential fate and effects of TiO2 NPs in fish liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Aiga Mackevica
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bengt R Johansson
- The Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
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43
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Flampouri E, Imar S, OConnell K, Singh B. Spheroid-3D and Monolayer-2D Intestinal Electrochemical Biosensor for Toxicity/Viability Testing: Applications in Drug Screening, Food Safety, and Environmental Pollutant Analysis. ACS Sens 2019; 4:660-669. [PMID: 30698007 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rise of three-dimensional cell culture systems that provide in vivo-like environments for pharmaco-toxicological models has prompted the need for simple and robust viability assays suitable for complex cell architectural structures. This study addresses that challenge with the development of an in vitro enzyme based electrochemical sensor for viability/cytotoxicity assessment of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture formats. The biosensor measures the cell viability/toxicity via electrochemical monitoring of the enzymatic activity of nonspecific esterases of viable cells, through the hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl acetate to 1-naphthol. The proposed sensor demonstrated strong correlation ( r = 0.979) with viable cell numbers. Furthermore, the model intestinal toxicants diclofenac (DFC, pharmaceutical), okadaic acid (OA, food-safety), and mancozeb (MZB, environmental) were used for the functional evaluation of the proposed sensor using 2D and 3D culture formats. Sensor performance showed high consistency with conventional cell viability/cytotoxicity assays (MTT/CFDA-AM) for all toxicants, with the sensor IC50 values matching the relevant viability LC50 values at the 95% confidence interval range for 2D (DCF: 1.19-1.26 mM, MZB: 10.28-14.18 μM, OA: 40.91-77.13 nM) and 3D culture formats (DCF: 1.02-4.78 mM, MZB: 11.26-15.16 μM, OA: 162.09-179.67 nM). The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sensor as a robust endpoint screening tool for both 2D and 3D cytotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Flampouri
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin - Tallaght Campus), Tallaght, Dublin 24, D24 FKT9, Ireland
| | - Shahzad Imar
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin - Tallaght Campus), Tallaght, Dublin 24, D24 FKT9, Ireland
| | - Kieran OConnell
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin - Tallaght Campus), Tallaght, Dublin 24, D24 FKT9, Ireland
- Hothouse, Technological University Dublin, (TU Dublin − City Campus), Aungier Street, Dublin 2, D02 HW71, Ireland
| | - Baljit Singh
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin - Tallaght Campus), Tallaght, Dublin 24, D24 FKT9, Ireland
- Hothouse, Technological University Dublin, (TU Dublin − City Campus), Aungier Street, Dublin 2, D02 HW71, Ireland
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44
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Wang J, Lei P, Gamil AAA, Lagos L, Yue Y, Schirmer K, Mydland LT, Øverland M, Krogdahl Å, Kortner TM. Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Intestinal Epithelial Cells as a Model for Studying Gut Immune Function and Effects of Functional Feed Ingredients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:152. [PMID: 30792715 PMCID: PMC6374633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) as an in vitro model for studies of gut immune function and effects of functional feed ingredients. Effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and three functional feed ingredients [nucleotides, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), and beta-glucans] were evaluated in RTgutGC cells grown on conventional culture plates and transwell membranes. Permeation of fluorescently-labeled albumin, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and tight junction protein expression confirmed the barrier function of the cells. Brush border membrane enzyme activities [leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and maltase] were detected in the RTgutGC cells but activity levels were not modulated by any of the exposures. Immune related genes were expressed at comparable relative basal levels as these in rainbow trout distal intestine. LPS produced markedly elevated gene expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines il1b, il6, il8, and tnfa but had no effect on ROS production. Immunostaining demonstrated increased F-actin contents after LPS exposure. Among the functional feed ingredients, MOS seemed to be the most potent modulator of RTgutGC immune and barrier function. MOS significantly increased albumin permeation and il1b, il6, il8, tnfa, and tgfb expression, but suppressed ROS production, cell proliferation and myd88 expression. Induced levels of il1b and il8 were also observed after treatment with nucleotides and beta-glucans. For barrier function related genes, all treatments up-regulated the expression of cldn3 and suppressed cdh1 levels. Beta-glucans increased TEER levels and F-actin content. Collectively, the present study has provided new information on how functional ingredients commonly applied in aquafeeds can affect intestinal epithelial function in fish. Our findings suggest that RTgutGC cells possess characteristic features of functional intestinal epithelial cells indicating a potential for use as an efficient in vitro model to evaluate effects of bioactive feed ingredients on gut immune and barrier functions and their underlying cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Amr Ahmed Abdelrahim Gamil
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Leidy Lagos
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.,ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
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45
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Burkard M, Bengtson Nash S, Gambaro G, Whitworth D, Schirmer K. Lifetime extension of humpback whale skin fibroblasts and their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor). Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:387-398. [PMID: 30627956 PMCID: PMC6757015 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-09457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals, such as whales, have a high proportion of body fat and so are susceptible to the accumulation, and associated detrimental health effects, of lipophilic environmental contaminants. Recently, we developed a wild-type cell line from humpback whale fibroblasts (HuWa). Extensive molecular assessments with mammalian wild-type cells are typically constrained by a finite life span, with cells eventually becoming senescent. Thus, the present work explored the possibility of preventing senescence in the HuWa cell line by transfection with plasmids encoding the simian virus large T antigen (SV40T) or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). No stable expression was achieved upon SV40 transfection. Transfection with TERT, on the other hand, activated the expression of telomerase in HuWa cells. At the time of manuscript preparation, the transfected HuWa cells (HuWaTERT) have been stable for at least 59 passages post-transfection. HuWaTERT proliferate rapidly and maintain initial cell characteristics, such as morphology and chromosomal stability. The response of HuWaTERT cells to an immune stimulant (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and an immunotoxicant (Aroclor1254) was assessed by measurement of intracellular levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. HuWaTERT cells constitutively express IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. Exposure to neither LPS nor Aroclor1254 had an effect on the levels of these cytokines. Overall, this work supports the diverse applicability of HuWa cell lines in that they display reliable long-term preservation, susceptibility to exogenous gene transfer and enable the study of humpback whale-specific cellular response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Burkard
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengtson Nash
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gessica Gambaro
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Deanne Whitworth
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. .,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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46
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Maner J, Burkard M, Cassano JC, Nash SMB, Schirmer K, Suter MJF. Hexachlorobenzene exerts genotoxic effects in a humpback whale cell line under stable exposure conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39447-39457. [PMID: 35540658 PMCID: PMC9076109 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humpback whales, like other polar wildlife, accumulate persistent organic pollutants. In Southern hemisphere populations, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) dominates the contaminant profiles. HCB is linked to a variety of health effects and is classified as a group 2B carcinogen, but the mechanism of action is a matter of contention. Potential toxicological effects to humpback whales remain entirely unknown. The recently established humpback whale fibroblast cell line (HuWa) offers an in vitro model for toxicological investigations. We here combine this novel cell line with a passive dosing strategy to investigate whale-specific toxicity of HCB. The relevant partitioning coefficients were determined to produce stable and predictable exposure concentrations in small-scale bioassays. The system was used to assess acute toxicity as well as genotoxicity of HCB to the HuWa cell line. While we found some transient reductions in metabolic activity, measured with the indicator dye alamarBlue, no clear acute toxic effects were discernible. Yet, a significant increase in DNA damage, detected in the alkaline comet assay, was found in HuWa cells exposed to 10 μg L−1 HCB during the sensitive phase of cell attachment. Collectively, this work provides a ready-to-use passive dosing system and delivers evidence that HCB elicits genotoxicity in humpback whale cells. Stable exposure concentrations for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) can be achieved using silicone O-rings for passive dosing. Using this setup it was found that HCB causes DNA damage in a cell line of humpback whale fibroblasts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Maner
- Department Environmental Toxicology
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
- Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science
- ETH Zürich
| | - Michael Burkard
- Department Environmental Toxicology
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
- Switzerland
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program
- Environmental Futures Research Institute
| | - Juan Carlos Cassano
- Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Material Science and Technology
- Particle-Biology Interactions Laboratory
- Switzerland
| | - Susan M. Bengtson Nash
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program
- Environmental Futures Research Institute
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department Environmental Toxicology
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
- Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science
- ETH Zürich
| | - Marc J.-F. Suter
- Department Environmental Toxicology
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
- Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science
- ETH Zürich
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47
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Antony Jesu Prabhu P, Stewart T, Silva M, Amlund H, Ørnsrud R, Lock EJ, Waagbo R, Hogstrand C. Zinc uptake in fish intestinal epithelial model RTgutGC: Impact of media ion composition and methionine chelation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:377-383. [PMID: 30262308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apical uptake of zinc as ionic Zn(II) or as Zn-methionine (Zn-Met) was studied in RTgutGC cell line in vitro under media compositions mirroring the gut luminal ionic concentration of freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) acclimated salmonids. Viability of the RTgutGC cells exposed to experimental media preparations showed a time-dependent decrease in SW treated cells, with the effect being significant at 48 h (P < 0.01), but not at 12 h or 24 h. Half effective concentration of Zn exposure over 12 h (EC50, in μM) was not differentially affected by media composition (FW, 59.7 ± 12.1 or SW, 83.2 ± 7.2; mean ± SE, P = 0.43). Zinc (65Zn) influx in RTgutGC was not different between FW or SW treated cells, but increased significantly in the presence of methionine (2 mM, L-Met or DL-Met). An interaction effect was observed between Zn concentration and media ionic composition on the impact of Met on apical Zn uptake (L-met, P < 0.001; DL-met, P = 0.02). In the presence of Met, apical Zn uptake in SW medium was significantly lower compared to FW, but only at higher Zn concentrations (12 and 25 μM, P < 0.01). Further, Met facilitated Zn uptake was reduced in cells treated with an amino acid transport system blocker with the effect being more significant and stereospecific in SW ionic conditions. The findings of this study showed that (i) Zn speciation in the presence of Met improved apical Zn uptake in RTgutGC cells and Zn-Met species were possibly taken up through Met uptake system. (ii) The effect was differentially affected by the ionic composition of the medium. Implications and limitations of the observations towards practical Zn nutrition of salmonids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antony Jesu Prabhu
- Fish Nutrition program, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway; Metal metabolism group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom.
| | - T Stewart
- Metal metabolism group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Silva
- Fish Nutrition program, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Amlund
- Fish Nutrition program, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Ørnsrud
- Fish Nutrition program, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - E-J Lock
- Fish Nutrition program, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Waagbo
- Fish Nutrition program, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Hogstrand
- Metal metabolism group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, which may have potentially toxic effects on organisms. In this study occurrence of DNA strand breaks, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity were investigated in rainbow trout hepatocytes following in vitro exposure for 24 h to four PAHs (0.01-10 µM): naphthalene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The exposed hepatocytes were analyzed for DNA strand breaks using the comet assay and for antioxidant status by measuring intracellular glutathione (GSH) content using the fluorescent probe mBCl. The cytotoxicity of PAHs was assessed using the fluorescent probe CFDA-AM. The results showed that fluoranthene, pyrene, and B[a]P were genotoxic at all exposure concentrations, whereas naphthalene was genotoxic at concentrations ≥0.1 µM. All treatments reduced the intracellular concentrations of GSH for all four PAHs, except 10 µM of B[a]P, suggesting that some level of oxidative stress was present. The cytotoxic effect was observed for naphthalene at concentrations ≥0.1 µM and pyrene at all exposure concentrations, whereas fluoranthene and B[a]P were not cytotoxic at the tested concentrations. The study shows that low-molecular-weight PAHs may cause DNA strand breaks as high-molecular-weight PAHs do in fish tissue. In addition, two- to five-ring PAHs can induce oxidative stress and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Georgantzopoulou A, Almeida Carvalho P, Vogelsang C, Tilahun M, Ndungu K, Booth AM, Thomas KV, Macken A. Ecotoxicological Effects of Transformed Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Effluent from a Lab-Scale Wastewater Treatment System. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:9431-9441. [PMID: 30048126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a lab-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), simulating biological treatment, received 10 μg/L Ag and 100 μg/L TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for 5 weeks. NP partitioning was evaluated by size fractionation (>0.7 μm, 0.1-0.7 μm, 3 kDa-0.1 μm, < 3 kDa) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), single particle ICP-MS and transmission electron microscopy. The ecotoxicological effects of the transformed NPs in the effluent were assessed using a battery of marine and freshwater bioassays (algae and crustaceans) and an in vitro gill cell line model (RTgill-W1). TiO2 aggregates were detected in the effluent, whereas Ag NPs (0.1-0.22 μg/L) were associated with S, Cu, Zn. Fractionation showed that >80% of Ag and Ti were associated with the effluent solids. Increased toxicity was observed during weeks 2-3 and the effects were species-dependent; with marine epibenthic copepods and algae being the most sensitive. Increased reactive oxygen species formation was observed in vitro followed by an increase in epithelial permeability. The effluent affected the gill epithelium integrity in vitro and impacted defense pathways (upregulation of multixenobiotic resistance genes). To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine a lab-scale activated sludge WWTP with extensive characterization techniques and ecotoxicological assays to study the effects of transformed NPs in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Vogelsang
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mengstab Tilahun
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kuria Ndungu
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Brattørkaia 17C , 7010 , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , University of Queensland , 20 Cornwall Street , Woolloongabba , Queensland 4102 Australia
| | - Ailbhe Macken
- NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21 , 0349 , Oslo , Norway
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50
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Pumputis PG, Dayeh VR, Lee LEJ, Pham PH, Liu Z, Viththiyapaskaran S, Bols NC. Responses of rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cells to different kinds of nutritional deprivation. Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:1197-1214. [PMID: 29754319 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop an in vitro system to study the cell biology of starvation in the fish intestine, rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cells were subjected to three kinds of nutrient deprivation and evaluated for 7 days. The RTgutGC cell line was grown into monolayers in Leibovitz's basal medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (L15/FBS) and then subjected to deprivation of serum (L15); of serum, amino acids, and vitamin (L15/ex); and of all nutrients (L15/salts). After 7 days of nutrient deprivation, the cells remained attached to the plastic surface as monolayers but changes were seen in shape, with the cells becoming more polygonal, actin and α-tubulin cytoskeleton organization, and in tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1) localization. Two barrier functions, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Lucifer Yellow (LY) retention, were impaired by nutrient deprivation. In L15/FBS, cells rapidly healed a gap or wound in the monolayer. In L15 and L15/ex, some cells moved into the gap, but after 7 days, the wound remained unhealed, whereas in L15/salts, cells did not even migrate into the gap. Upon nutrient replenishment (L15/FBS) after 7 days in L15, L15/ex, or L15/salts, cells proliferated again and healed a wound. After 7 days of nutrient deprivation, monolayers were successfully passaged with trypsin and cells in L15/FBS grew to again form monolayers. Therefore, rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cells survived starvation, but barrier and wound healing functions were impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Pumputis
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Vivian R Dayeh
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lucy E J Lee
- Faculty of Science, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Phuc H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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