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Xiong N, An JS, Yoon H, Ryoo HM, Lim WH. Runx2 heterozygosity alters homeostasis of the periodontal complex. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:151-161. [PMID: 37882070 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Haploinsufficiency of Runx2 (Runx2+/- ) causes dental anomalies. However, little is known about the involvement of Runx2 in the maintenance of dentin, cementum, and the periodontal ligament (PDL) during adulthood. This study aimed to observe the effects of Runx2+/- on homeostasis of the periodontal complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 14 three-month-old Runx2+/- mice and their wild-type littermates were examined using micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Phenotypic alterations in the dentin, cementum, and PDL were characterized and quantified. RESULTS Haploinsufficiency of Runx2 caused cellular changes in the PDL space including reduction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and irregular attachment of the collagen fibers in the PDL space into the cementum. Absence of continuous thickness of cementum was also observed in Runx2+/- mice. CONCLUSION Runx2 is critical for cementum integrity and attachment of periodontal fibers. Because of its importance to cementum homeostasis, Runx2 is essential for homeostasis of periodontal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sub An
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heein Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Hee Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Xin Y, Zhao N, Wang Y. Multiple roles of Runt-related transcription factor-2 in tooth eruption: bone formation and resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 141:105484. [PMID: 35749976 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of the multiple roles of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) in regulating tooth eruption, focusing on the molecular mechanisms regarding tooth eruption mediated by RUNX2. DESIGN Relevant literatures in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus database were searched, and a narrative review was performed. The multiple roles of RUNX2 in regulating tooth eruption was reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Aberrant RUNX2 expression leads to disturbed or failed tooth eruption. Tooth eruption involves both the process of bone formation and bone resorption. RUNX2 promotes osteogenesis around the radicular portion of the dental follicle that provides the biological force for tooth eruption through inducing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in dental follicle cells/osteoblasts. On the other hand, through indirect and direct pathways, RUNX2 regulates osteoclastogenesis and the formation of the eruption pathway. CONCLUSION RUNX2 exerts a pivotal and complex influence in regulating tooth eruption. This review provides a better understanding of the function of RUNX2 in tooth eruption, which is beneficial to illuminate the precise molecular mechanism of osteogenesis and bone resorption, aiding the development of effective therapy for the failure of tooth eruption.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The Runx family genes (Runx1, Runx2, Runx3, and Cbfb) are important transcriptional regulators in the development of various tissues. We herein highlight the roles of the Runx family genes in morphogenesis in the craniofacial regions and in the pathogenesis of congenital morphological problems in these regions. RECENT FINDINGS A recent analysis using conditional Runx mutant animals and a human genetic study identified the novel roles of Runx genes in the development of the tooth, salivary glands, and the palate. In an animal study, Runx1/Cbfb signaling was found to regulate the Lgr5 expression and maintain the stem cells in the dental epithelium in the growing incisors. Aberrant Runx1/Cbfb signaling induced male-specific involution of the convoluted granular cell differentiation of the submandibular gland. In palatogenesis, Runx1/Cbfb signaling regulated the Tgfb3 expression in the fusing palatal epithelium through Stat3 activation. The combination of a human genetic study and a phenotype analysis of mutant animals revealed the various roles of Runx genes in the development of the tooth, palate, and salivary glands. Runx genes have functional redundancy in various tissues, which still hinder the roles of Runx genes in morphogenesis. Future studies may reveal the novel roles of Runx signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubush
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Wang Y, Sun J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Yang S, Yang J. Stichopus japonicus Polysaccharide Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation through Activation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway in MC3T3-E1 Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:2576-2584. [PMID: 33417444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the combined use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and polysaccharide isolated from Stichopus japonicus on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Osteogenic differentiation was measured via histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, alizarin red staining of mineralization assay, Western blotting, ELISA, and a qRT-PCR evaluation for the expression of BMP-2, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type I (Col I) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Immunofluorescence assay was utilized to assess the BMP-2 localized on the cell surface. The results illustrated that SP-2 was able to increase ALP expression and accelerate the mineralization. Osteoblasts cultured on BMP-2/SP-2 substrate increased the expression levels of BMP-2, Runx-2, Col I, OCN, and OPN. SP-2 increased the binding efficiency involving a BMP-2 and its cell surface receptor. The dose of 5 μg/mL SP-2 used showed the best function of inducing osteoblast differentiation. These findings indicated that SP-2 is a more effective enhancer that cooperated with BMP-2 to induce osteoblastic differentiation by utilizing the BMP-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jinghe Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenzhuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 3192 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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Xu C, Wang A, Zhang L, Yang C, Gao Y, Dong Z, Tian Y, Li C, Gao Y. Epithelium-Specific Runx2 knockout mice display junctional epithelium and alveolar bone defects. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1292-1299. [PMID: 32946165 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) on the junctional epithelium and alveolar bone. METHODS The attachment level of the junctional epithelium and the resorption of alveolar bone were analyzed by histology and scanning electron microscopy. The expression of amelotin was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR. The ultrastructure of the dentogingival interface was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The cKO mice demonstrated remarkable attachment loss, epithelial hyperplasia, and alveolar bone loss. The relative protein and mRNA expression of amelotin was increased in the junctional epithelium of the cKO mice. The attachment apparatus of the cKO mice showed ultrastructural deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Runx2 led to the junctional epithelium and alveolar bone defects in mice. Runx2 may play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the dentogingival junction and the normal structure of alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Dong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuguang Gao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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Takeuchi R, Ohkura N, Yoshiba K, Tohma A, Yoshiba N, Edanami N, Shirakashi M, Belal RSI, Ohshima H, Noiri Y. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression of GLUT1, RUNX2 and MTOR in reparative dentinogenesis. Oral Dis 2019; 26:341-349. [PMID: 31710760 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression during reparative dentinogenesis after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) capping. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were used. Pulp of the upper left first molar was exposed and capped with MTA. The upper right first molar of the same animal was used as a control. After collecting molars at various time points, GLUT1, RUNX2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) were examined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA levels of Slc2a1 (encoding GLUT1), Runx2, Nestin and Mtor were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Pulp exhibited progressive formation of reparative dentine lined with GLUT1- and MTOR-immunoreactive odontoblast-like cells at 5 days after pulpotomy. RUNX2 was detected in nuclei of most pulp tissue cells at day 5 after pulpotomy. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed GLUT1 immunoreactivity on odontoblast-like cells positive for Nestin or RUNX2, 5 days after pulpotomy. Slc2a1, Runx2, Nestin and Mtor mRNA levels were significantly upregulated on days 3-5 after pulpotomy. CONCLUSIONS After rat molar pulpotomy, dental pulp induced formation of reparative dentine with colocalization of GLUT1 and Nestin or RUNX2. Moreover, mRNA levels of Slc2a1, Runx2, Nestin and Mtor were significantly upregulated in pulpotomized dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takeuchi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aiko Tohma
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mari Shirakashi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Liu X, Xu C, Tian Y, Sun Y, Zhang J, Bai J, Pan Z, Feng W, Xu M, Li C, Li J, Gao Y. RUNX2 contributes to TGF-β1-induced expression of Wdr72 in ameloblasts during enamel mineralization. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Liu Y, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng S. RUNX2 mutation impairs osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:156-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Yodthong T, Kedjarune-Leggat U, Smythe C, Wititsuwannakul R, Pitakpornpreecha T. l-Quebrachitol Promotes the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cells: Involvement of the BMP-2/Runx2/MAPK/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:E3086. [PMID: 30486330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is widely recognized as a major health problem caused by an inappropriate rate of bone resorption compared to bone formation. Previously we showed that d-pinitol inhibits osteoclastogenesis but has no effect on osteoblastogenesis. However, the effect on osteoblast differentiation of its isomer, l-quebrachitol, has not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate whether l-quebrachitol promotes the osteoblastogenesis of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of action of l-quebrachitol was further explored. Here, it is shown for the first time that l-quebrachitol significantly promotes proliferation and cell DNA synthesis. It also enhances mineralization accompanied by increases in mRNA expression of bone matrix proteins including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (ColI), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). In addition, l-quebrachitol upregulates the mRNA and protein expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), while down-regulating the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA level. Moreover, the expression of regulatory genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways are also upregulated. These findings indicate that l-quebrachitol may promote osteoblastogenesis by triggering the BMP-2-response as well as the Runx2, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Choi BD, Lim HJ, Lee SY, Lee MH, Kil KS, Lim DS, Jeong SJ, Jeong MJ. Thymosin β4 is associated with bone sialoprotein expression via ERK and Smad3 signaling pathways in MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2881-2890. [PMID: 30226623 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) regulates the expression of molecules associated with dentinogenesis, including bone sialoprotein (BSP). BSP regulates the initiation of mineralization and the direction of dentin growth. However, the association between Tβ4 signaling and BSP expression in odontoblasts remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate Tβ4 mRNA expression in odontoblasts during dentinogenesis and the association between the Tβ4 signaling pathway and BSP expression in MDPC‑23 odontoblastic cells. Expression and localization of Tβ4 mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization during mouse tooth development. The effect of Tβ4 signaling on BSP expression was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and a luciferase reporter assay in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (PD98059) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3; SIS3) in MDPC‑23 cells. The expression of Tβ4 mRNA in the odontoblast layer was highest at postnatal day 5, known as the advanced bell stage, when odontoblasts actively secrete dentin matrix proteins. Tβ4 increased BSP mRNA and protein levels in MDPC‑23 cells, but this was inhibited by PD98059 or SIS3 treatment. Tβ4 increased levels of phosphorylated (p) extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, pSmad3, pβ‑catenin, and runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) protein, but these effects were inhibited by PD98059 or SIS3. Tβ4 induced the nuclear translocation of Runx2 and pSmad3, while nuclear translocation of β‑catenin was decreased. Tβ4 significantly increased BSP promoter activity, which was decreased by PD98059 or SIS3 treatment. Tβ4 induced BSP expression in MDPC‑23 cells via ERK and Smad3 signaling pathways, suggesting its role as a signaling molecule in odontoblasts for regulating BSP secretion during dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baik-Dong Choi
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Lee
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Kil
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Seon Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50510, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Jeong
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Lee DS, Roh SY, Park JC. The Nfic-osterix pathway regulates ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:531-540. [PMID: 30091046 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enamel makes up the outermost layer of the crown and its hardness protects other dental tissues from various stimuli. Enamel cannot be regenerated once damaged because ameloblasts are lost during the tooth eruption. Since the ameloblast differentiation mechanism is still unknown, further research is essential for developing treatments for defective or damaged enamel. Previously, we have reported that osteoblast differentiation and bone formation were regulated through the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)-nuclear factor 1-C (Nfic)-osterix (Osx) pathway where Nfic directly controls Osx expression. This pathway regulates odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation as well. The aim of this study was to investigate if the same pathway is applicable for ameloblast differentiation. Structural enamel defects with disorganized ameloblasts and decreased proliferation activity of the cervical loop were observed in Nfic-/- mice incisors. Expression of the ameloblast differentiation markers was also downregulated significantly in Nfic-/- mice. Real-time PCR analyses suggested that Runx2, Nfic, and Osx regulate the expression of ameloblast differentiation markers, where Runx2 is upstream of Nfic, and Nfic controls Osx expression. Therefore, we suggest the Runx2-Nfic-Osx pathway as one of the key factors that regulate ameloblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Roh
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Chu Q, Gao Y, Gao X, Dong Z, Song W, Xu Z, Xiang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li M, Gao Y. Ablation of Runx2 in Ameloblasts Suppresses Enamel Maturation in Tooth Development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9594. [PMID: 29941908 PMCID: PMC6018461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is involved in the early stage of tooth development. However, only few studies have reported the role of Runx2 in enamel development, which may be attributed to that Runx2 full knockout mice cannot survive after birth. In the present study, we successfully established a Runx2-deficient mouse model using a conditional knockout (cKO) method. We observed a significant reduction in the degree of mineralization and the decreased size of enamel rods in cKO mice. Histological analysis showed the retained enamel proteins in enamel layer at maturation stage in cKO molars. Further analysis by qRT-PCR revealed that the expressions of genes encoding enamel structure proteins, such as amelogenin (AMELX), ameloblastin (AMBN) and enamelin (ENAM), were increased in cKO enamel organs. On the other hand, the expression of kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (KLK4) at the mRNA and protein levels was dramatically decreased from late secretory stage to maturation stage in cKO enamel organs, while the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) was not significantly altered. Finally, immunohistochemistry indicated that the uptake of amelogenins by ameloblasts was significantly decreased in cKO mice. Taken together, Runx2 played critical roles in controlling enamel maturation by increasing synthesis of KLK4 and decreasing synthesis of AMELX, AMBN and ENAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chu
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Xianhua Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiheng Dong
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Wenying Song
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuguang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China.
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Bae JM, Clarke JC, Rashid H, Adhami MD, McCullough K, Scott JS, Chen H, Sinha KM, de Crombrugghe B, Javed A. Specificity Protein 7 Is Required for Proliferation and Differentiation of Ameloblasts and Odontoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1126-1140. [PMID: 29405385 PMCID: PMC6002875 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Sp7/Osterix transcription factor is essential for bone development. Mutations of the Sp7 gene in humans are associated with craniofacial anomalies and osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the role of Sp7 in embryonic tooth development remains unknown. Here we identified the functional requirement of Sp7 for dentin synthesis and tooth development. Sp7-null mice exhibit craniofacial dysmorphogenesis and are completely void of alveolar bone. Surprisingly, initial tooth morphogenesis progressed normally in Sp7-null mice. Thus the formation of alveolar bone is not a prerequisite for tooth morphogenesis. Sp7 is required for mineralization of palatal tissue but is not essential for palatal fusion. The reduced proliferative capacity of Sp7-deficient ectomesenchyme results in small and misshapen teeth with randomly arranged cuboidal preodontoblasts and preameloblasts. Sp7 promotes functional maturation and polarization of odontoblasts. Markers of mature odontoblast (Col1a, Oc, Dspp, Dmp1) and ameloblast (Enam, Amelx, Mmp20, Amtn, Klk4) are barely expressed in incisors and molar tissues of Sp7-null mice. Consequently, dentin and enamel matrix are absent in the Sp7-null littermates. Interestingly, the Sp7 expression is restricted to cells of the dental mesenchyme indicating the effect on oral epithelium-derived ameloblasts is cell-nonautonomous. Abundant expression of Fgf3 and Fgf8 ligand was noted in the developing tooth of wild-type mice. Both ligands were remarkably absent in the Sp7-null incisor and molar, suggesting cross-signaling between mesenchyme and epithelium is disrupted. Finally, promoter-reporter assays revealed that Sp7 directly controls the expression of Fgf-ligands. Together, our data demonstrate that Sp7 is obligatory for the differentiation of both ameloblasts and odontoblasts but not for the initial tooth morphogenesis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Myung Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John C Clarke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harunur Rashid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mitra D Adhami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kayla McCullough
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jordan S Scott
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Krishna M Sinha
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Amjad Javed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Merametdjian L, Prud'Homme T, Le Caignec C, Isidor B, Lopez-Cazaux S. Oro-dental phenotype in patients with RUNX2 duplication. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:85-89. [PMID: 29852250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is well-known for its role in bone development and tooth morphogenesis. Most RUNX2 mutations described in the literature result in loss-of-function mutations of RUNX2 responsible for cleidocranial dysplasia, an autosomal dominant disorder. We describe here the oro-dental phenotype of four patients of a unique family with a 285 kb duplication including the entire sequence of RUNX2, likely responsible for three functional copies of the gene, leading to an increased RUNX2 dosage. Several dental anomalies of number (hypodontia or oligodontia), morphology (microdontia, radiculomegaly, taurodontism or dens invaginatus) and tooth position (rotation) were found in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Merametdjian
- Département d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Endodontie, UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, France; Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Pédiatrique, Centre de compétences Malformations orales et dentaires rares, CHU de Nantes, France; INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France
| | - Tony Prud'Homme
- Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Pédiatrique, Centre de compétences Malformations orales et dentaires rares, CHU de Nantes, France; Département D'Odontologie Pédiatrique, UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, France; Unité d'Investigation Clinique Odontologie (UIC), France
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de compétences Malformations orales et dentaires rares, CHU de Nantes, France; INSERM, UMR 1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissue, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de compétences Malformations orales et dentaires rares, CHU de Nantes, France; INSERM, UMR 1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissue, Nantes, France
| | - Serena Lopez-Cazaux
- Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Pédiatrique, Centre de compétences Malformations orales et dentaires rares, CHU de Nantes, France; Département D'Odontologie Pédiatrique, UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, France; Unité d'Investigation Clinique Odontologie (UIC), France.
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15
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Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu Z, Chu Q, Xu C, Sun Y, Gao Y. Combination of Runx2 and Cbfβ upregulates Amelotin gene expression in ameloblasts by directly interacting with cis‑enhancers during amelogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6068-6076. [PMID: 29436627 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelotin (Amtn) is a recently identified enamel protein secreted by ameloblasts at late stage of enamel development. Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in combination with the coactivator core‑binding factor β (Cbfβ) regulates the early stages of tooth development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Runx2 in the regulation of Amtn gene expression in ameloblasts. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the results revealed that Runx2 protein was predominantly expressed in the nuclei of ameloblasts during the transition stage and the maturation stage of enamel development, whereas Cbfβ was expressed in ameloblasts from the secretory stage to the maturation stage. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that Runx2 knockdown decreased Amtn expression in ameloblast‑lineage cells and co‑expression of Runx2 and Cbfβ in ameloblast lineage cells induced an upregulation in Amtn gene expression. Two putative Runx2‑binding sites within the Amtn promoter were identified using bioinformatics analysis. Results of an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that Runx2/Cbfβ bound to specific DNA sequences. Site‑directed mutagenesis of the Runx2 binding sites within the Amtn promoter resulted in decreased basal promoter activity and did not affect the overexpressed Runx2/Cbfβ. The results of the present study suggest that Runx2 upregulates Amtn gene expression via binding directly to Runx2 sites within the Amtn promoter during amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oral Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Gao
- Department of Oral Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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16
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Park KH, Cho EH, Bae WJ, Kim HS, Lim HC, Park YD, Lee MO, Cho ES, Kim EC. Role of PIN1 on in vivo periodontal tissue and in vitro cells. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:617-627. [PMID: 28198538 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although expression of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) was reported in bone tissue, the precise role of PIN1 in periodontal tissue and cells remain unclear. MATERIAL & METHODS To elucidate the roles of PIN1 in periodontal tissue, its expression in periodontal tissue and cells, and effects on in vitro 4 osteoblast differentiation and the underlying signaling mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS PIN1 was expressed in mouse periodontal tissues including periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), cementoblasts and osteoblasts at the developing root formation stage (postnatal, PN14) and functional stage of tooth (PN28). Treatment of PIN1 inhibitor juglone, and gene silencing by RNA interference promoted osteoblast differentiation in PDLCs and cementoblasts, whereas the overexpression of PIN1 inhibited. Moreover, osteogenic medium-induced activation of AMPK, mTOR, Akt, ERK, p38 and NF-jB pathways were enhanced by PIN1 siRNA, but attenuated by PIN1 overexpression. Runx2 expressions were induced by PIN1 siRNA, but downregulated by PIN1 overexpression. CONCLUSION In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that PIN1 is expressed in developing periodontal tissue, and in vitro PDLCs and cementoblasts. PIN1 inhibition stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and thus may play an important role in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-H Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-J Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-C Lim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-D Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-O Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-S Cho
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - E-C Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Morkmued S, Laugel-Haushalter V, Mathieu E, Schuhbaur B, Hemmerlé J, Dollé P, Bloch-Zupan A, Niederreither K. Retinoic Acid Excess Impairs Amelogenesis Inducing Enamel Defects. Front Physiol 2017; 7:673. [PMID: 28111553 PMCID: PMC5217128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of enamel matrix proteins deposition, mineralization, or degradation during tooth development are responsible for a spectrum of either genetic diseases termed Amelogenesis imperfecta or acquired enamel defects. To assess if environmental/nutritional factors can exacerbate enamel defects, we investigated the role of the active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA). Robust expression of RA-degrading enzymes Cyp26b1 and Cyp26c1 in developing murine teeth suggested RA excess would reduce tooth hard tissue mineralization, adversely affecting enamel. We employed a protocol where RA was supplied to pregnant mice as a food supplement, at a concentration estimated to result in moderate elevations in serum RA levels. This supplementation led to severe enamel defects in adult mice born from pregnant dams, with most severe alterations observed for treatments from embryonic day (E)12.5 to E16.5. We identified the enamel matrix proteins enamelin (Enam), ameloblastin (Ambn), and odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (Odam) as target genes affected by excess RA, exhibiting mRNA reductions of over 20-fold in lower incisors at E16.5. RA treatments also affected bone formation, reducing mineralization. Accordingly, craniofacial ossification was drastically reduced after 2 days of treatment (E14.5). Massive RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on E14.5 and E16.5 lower incisors. Reductions in Runx2 (a key transcriptional regulator of bone and enamel differentiation) and its targets were observed at E14.5 in RA-exposed embryos. RNA-seq analysis further indicated that bone growth factors, extracellular matrix, and calcium homeostasis were perturbed. Genes mutated in human AI (ENAM, AMBN, AMELX, AMTN, KLK4) were reduced in expression at E16.5. Our observations support a model in which elevated RA signaling at fetal stages affects dental cell lineages. Thereafter enamel protein production is impaired, leading to permanent enamel alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawich Morkmued
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 964Illkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 964Illkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Eric Mathieu
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Schuhbaur
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 964Illkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Joseph Hemmerlé
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Dollé
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 964Illkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 964Illkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, CRMRStrasbourg, France; Eastman Dental Institute, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 964Illkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
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18
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Abstract
Experimental studies have shown a great potential for periodontal regeneration. The limitations of periodontal regeneration largely depend on the regenerative potential at the root surface. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC), so-called bone-like tissue, may form instead of the desired acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC), and the interfacial tissue bonding may be weak. The periodontal ligament harbors progenitor cells that can differentiate into periodontal ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts, but their precise location is unknown. It is also not known whether osteoblasts and cementoblasts arise from a common precursor cell line, or whether distinct precursor cell lines exist. Thus, there is limited knowledge about how cell diversity evolves in the space between the developing root and the alveolar bone. This review supports the hypothesis that AEFC is a unique tissue, while CIFC and bone share some similarities. Morphologically, functionally, and biochemically, however, CIFC is distinctly different from any bone type. There are several lines of evidence to propose that cementoblasts that produce both AEFC and CIFC are unique phenotypes that are unrelated to osteoblasts. Cementum attachment protein appears to be cementum-specific, and the expression of two proteoglycans, fibromodulin and lumican, appears to be stronger in CIFC than in bone. A theory is presented that may help explain how cell diversity evolves in the periodontal ligament. It proposes that Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath and cells derived from it play an essential role in the development and maintenance of the periodontium. The role of enamel matrix proteins in cementoblast and osteoblast differentiation and their potential use for tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland.
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19
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Bakopoulou A, Papachristou E, Bousnaki M, Hadjichristou C, Kontonasaki E, Theocharidou A, Papadopoulou L, Kantiranis N, Zachariadis G, Leyhausen G, Geurtsen W, Koidis P. Human treated dentin matrices combined with Zn-doped, Mg-based bioceramic scaffolds and human dental pulp stem cells towards targeted dentin regeneration. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e159-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Aberg T, Cavender A, Gaikwad JS, Bronckers ALJJ, Wang X, Waltimo-Sirén J, Thesleff I, D'Souza RN. Phenotypic Changes in Dentition of Runx2 Homozygote-null Mutant Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:131-9. [PMID: 14688224 DOI: 10.1177/002215540405200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and molecular studies in humans and mice indicate that Runx2 (Cbfa1) is a critical transcriptional regulator of bone and tooth formation. Heterozygous mutations in Runx2 cause cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), an inherited disorder in humans and mice characterized by skeletal defects, supernumerary teeth, and delayed eruption. Mice lacking the Runx2 gene die at birth and lack bone and tooth development. Our extended phenotypic studies of Runx2 mutants showed that developing teeth fail to advance beyond the bud stage and that mandibular molar organs were more severely affected than maxillary molar organs. Runx2 (−/−) tooth organs, when transplanted beneath the kidney capsules of nude mice, failed to progress in development. Tooth epithelial-mesenchymal recombinations using Runx2 (+/+) and (−/−) tissues indicate that the defect in mesenchyme cannot be rescued by normal dental epithelium. Finally, our molecular analyses showed differential effects of the absence of Runx2 on tooth extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression. These data support the hypothesis that Runx2 is one of the key mesenchymal factors that influences tooth morphogenesis and the subsequent differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Wang XZ, Sun XY, Zhang CY, Yang X, Yan WJ, Ge LH, Zheng SG. RUNX2 Mutation Impairs 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 mediated Osteoclastogenesis in Dental Follicle Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24225. [PMID: 27068678 PMCID: PMC4828645 DOI: 10.1038/srep24225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a skeletal disorder characterized by delayed permanent tooth eruption and other dental abnormalities, is caused by heterozygous RUNX2 mutations. As an osteoblast-specific transcription factor, RUNX2 plays a role in bone remodeling, tooth formation and tooth eruption. To investigate the crosstalk between RUNX2 and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25-(OH)2D3) in human dental follicle cells (hDFCs) during osteoclast formation, we established a co-culture system of hDFCs from CCD patient and healthy donors with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Expression of the osteoclast-associated genes and the number of TRAP+ cells were reduced in CCD hDFCs, indicating its suppressed osteoclast-inductive ability, which was reflected by the downregulated RANKL/OPG ratio. In addition, 1α,25-(OH)2D3-stimulation elevated the expression of osteoclast-related genes, as well as RANKL mRNA levels and RANKL/OPG ratios in control hDFCs. Conversely, RUNX2 mutation abolished this 1α,25-(OH)2D3-induced RANKL gene activation and osteoclast formation in CCD hDFCs. Therefore, RUNX2 haploinsufficiency impairs dental follicle-induced osteoclast formation capacity through RANKL/OPG signaling, which may be partially responsible for delayed permanent tooth eruption in CCD patients. Furthermore, this abnormality was not rescued by 1α,25-(OH)2D3 application because 1α,25-(OH)2D3-induced RANKL activation in hDFCs is mediated principally via the RUNX2-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - X Y Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - C Y Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 5 Haiyuncang Alley, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - W J Yan
- Outpatient Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 37A Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - L H Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - S G Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
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22
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Du J, Wang Q, Yang P, Wang X. FHL2 mediates tooth development and human dental pulp cell differentiation into odontoblasts, partially by interacting with Runx2. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:195-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Le MH, Warotayanont R, Stahl J, Den Besten PK, Nakano Y. Amelogenin Exon4 Forms a Novel miRNA That Directs Ameloblast and Osteoblast Differentiation. J Dent Res 2015; 95:423-9. [PMID: 26715056 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515622443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenins constitute the major portion of secretory enamel matrix proteins and are known to be highly alternative spliced. Of all the alternatively spliced forms of amelogenins, exon4 is most commonly spliced out. Our analyses of the exon4 sequence led us to hypothesize that when spliced out, exon4 may generate a novel mature miRNA. To explore this possibility, we used in vivo mouse models (wild-type and Amel knockout mice) and in vitro cell culture to investigate the presence and function of a mature miRNA derived from exon4 (miR-exon4). When ameloblast-like cells (LS8) were transfected with an amelogenin minigene to increase amelogenin synthesis, the transfected cells synthesized miR-exon4. Introduction of a mutation in the conserved CNNC sequence required for primary miRNA recognition, downstream of the mature miR-exon4 sequence, resulted in a significantly reduced production of miR-exon4 in the transfected cells. In vivo, miR-exon4 was most highly amplified from wild-type mouse enamel organs at the secretory stage. In Amel knockout mice, an in vivo model for reduced amelogenin synthesis, we found reduced miR-exon4, with no changes in expression of enamel matrix-related genes. However, expression of Runx2 and its downstream genes Odam and Amtn were significantly downregulated. Transfection of miR-exon4 mimic to the LS8 cells also significantly upregulated Runx2. The mature miR-exon4 as well as Runx2 was also present in mouse osteoblasts with no apparent change in expression level between wild-type and Amel knockout mice. However, transfecting miR-exon4 inhibitor to the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells resulted in a significant downregulation of Runx2 expression. These data indicate that when exon4 is spliced out, as occurs most of the time during alternative splicing of amelogenin pre-mRNA, a novel mature miRNA is generated from exon4. This miR-exon4 may contribute to the differentiation of ameloblasts and osteoblasts through regulation of Runx2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Warotayanont
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA Children's Oral Health Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Stahl
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA Maxillofacial Injury and Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Unit, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P K Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA Children's Oral Health Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA Children's Oral Health Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Miyazaki T, Baba TT, Mori M, Moriishi T, Komori T. Microtubule-associated protein tau (Mapt) is expressed in terminally differentiated odontoblasts and severely down-regulated in morphologically disturbed odontoblasts of Runx2 transgenic mice. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:457-66. [PMID: 25707508 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast and odontoblast differentiation and the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. We have previously shown that the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts is inhibited in Runx2 transgenic {Tg(Col1a1-Runx2)} mice under the control of the 2.3-kb Col1a1 promoter, which directs the transgene expression to osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Odontoblasts show severe reductions in Dspp and nestin expression and lose their characteristic polarized morphology, including a long process extending to dentin, in Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) mice. We study the molecular mechanism of odontoblast morphogenesis by comparing gene expression in the molars of wild-type and Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) mice, focusing on cytoskeleton-related genes. Using microarray, we found that the gene expression of microtubule-associated protein tau (Mapt), a neuronal phosphoprotein with important roles in neuronal biology and microtubule dynamics and assembly, was high in wild-type molars but severely reduced in Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) molars. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Mapt was specifically expressed in terminally differentiated odontoblasts including their processes in wild-type molars but its expression was barely detectable in Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) molars. Double-staining of Mapt and Runx2 showed their reciprocal expression in odontoblasts. Mapt and tubulin co-localized in odontoblasts in wild-type molars. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis demonstrated Mapt lying around α-tubulin-positive filamentous structures in odontoblast processes. Thus, Mapt is a useful marker for terminally differentiated odontoblasts and might play an important role in odontoblast morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
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Tsiligkrou IA, Tosios KI, Madianos PN, Vrotsos IA, Panis VG. Oxytalan-positive peripheral ossifying fibromas express runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and cementum attachment protein. An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:628-33. [PMID: 25359431 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) represents one of the most common lesions of the periodontal tissues that may originate from the gingival soft tissues, the periosteum, or the periodontal ligament. AIM To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and cementum attachment protein (CAP) in oxytalan-positive POF, to establish the use of POF as an in vivo model for the study of the periodontal ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty tumors that presented clinical and histologic features of POF, as well as oxytalan fibers, were included in the study. Immunohistochemical expression of Runx-2, BMP-2, and CAP was evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS Runx-2, BMP-2, and CAP were abundantly expressed by POFs; 22 of 30 tumors expressed positive staining for Runx-2, twenty-six tumors for BMP-2, and twenty-five tumors for CAP. The expression of Runx-2 was abundant in POFs where bone was histologically present (P = 0.04) and of BMP-2 in POFs where dystrophic calcifications were present (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION It is suggested that oxytalan-positive POFs, purportedly originating from the periodontal ligament, express molecules that are specific to bone and cementum (Runx-2, BMP-2), or cementum only (CAP). Thus, the cell populations present in the lesion belong to the mineralized-tissue-forming cell lineages, the cementoblastic or osteoblastic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A Tsiligkrou
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Phoebus N Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Vrotsos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios G Panis
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Montesi M, Panseri S, Iafisco M, Adamiano A, Tampieri A. Effect of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals functionalized with lactoferrin in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:224-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montesi
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio-Hybrid Composites; Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR); 48018 Faenza Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio-Hybrid Composites; Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR); 48018 Faenza Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio-Hybrid Composites; Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR); 48018 Faenza Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio-Hybrid Composites; Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR); 48018 Faenza Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio-Hybrid Composites; Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR); 48018 Faenza Italy
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Ying X, Sun L, Chen X, Xu H, Guo X, Chen H, Hong J, Cheng S, Peng L. Silibinin promotes osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells via bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:225-30. [PMID: 24076187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silibinin is the major active constituent of the natural compound silymarin; several studies suggest that silibinin possesses antihepatotoxic properties and anticancer effects against carcinoma cells. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of silibinin on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silibinin on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. In this study, the hBMSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium with 0, 1, 10 or 20 μmol/l silibinin respectively. hBMSCs viability was analyzed by cell number quantification assay and cells osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatas (ALP) activity assay, Von Kossa staining and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that silibinin promoted ALP activity in hBMSCs without affecting their proliferation. The mineralization of hBMSCs was enhanced by treatment with silibinin. Silibinin also increased the mRNA expressions of Collagen type I (COL-I), ALP, Osteocalcin (OCN), Osterix, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). The BMP antagonist noggin and its receptor kinase inhibitors dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 attenuated silibinin-promoted ALP activity. Furthermore, BMP-responsive and Runx2-responsive reporters were activated by silibinin treatment. These results indicate that silibinin enhances osteoblast differentiation probably by inducing the expressions of BMPs and activating BMP and RUNX2 pathways. Thus, silibinin may play an important therapeutic role in osteoporosis patients by improving osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 109 Xue Yuan xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Ying X, Chen X, Cheng S, Guo X, Chen H, Xu HZ. Phosphoserine promotes osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal cells through bone morphogenetic protein signalling. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:309-17. [PMID: 24155130 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoserine has potential effectiveness as a simple substrate in preparing bone replacement materials, which could enhance bone forming ability. However, there is a need to investigate the independent effect of phosphoserine on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hADSCs). hADSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium with phosphoserine. Cell proliferation was analysed by CCK8 and osteogenic differentiation was measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, von Kossa staining and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No stimulatory effect of phosphoserine on cell proliferation was noted at Days 1, 4 and 7. Deposition of calcium increased after the addition of phosphoserine. mRNA expression of type I collagen (COL-I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), Osterix, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and RUNX2 increased markedly with phosphoserine treatment. The BMP-2 antagonist, noggin, and its receptor kinase inhibitors, dorsomorphin and LDN-193189, attenuated phosphoserine-promoted ALP activity. BMP-responsive and Runx2-responsive reporters were activated by phosphoserine treatment. Thus phosphoserine can promote osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, probably by activating BMP and Runx2 pathways, which could be a promising approach for enhancing osteogenic capacity of cell-based construction in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Bakopoulou A, Leyhausen G, Volk J, Koidis P, Geurtsen W. Comparative characterization of STRO-1(neg)/CD146(pos) and STRO-1(pos)/CD146(pos) apical papilla stem cells enriched with flow cytometry. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1556-68. [PMID: 23871383 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem Cells residing in the Apical Papilla (SCAP) of human permanent teeth represent a promising cell source for dental tissue regeneration. Therefore, the functional and molecular properties of specific subpopulations existing within heterogeneous cultures should be further investigated to give insight whether their selection could be beneficial for targeted therapeutic applications. DESIGN In this study we extensively characterized SCAP cultures established from 10 healthy subjects, as well as their STRO-1(pos/)CD146(pos) and STRO-1(neg/)CD146(pos) subpopulations isolated with fluorescence-activated cell sorting. SCAP were analyzed for embryonic (Nanog, Oct3/4, SSEA-3, TRA-1-60), mesenchymal (STRO-1, CD146/MUC18, CD105/endoglin, CD24, CD90/Thy-1, CD81-TAPA, CD34, CD49f/a6-integrin), neural (CD271/NGFR, nestin) and hematopoietic (CD117/c-kit, CD45) stem cell (SC) markers using flow cytometry. Multipotentiality was evaluated with culture specific staining (Alizarin-Red-S, Oil- Red-O) and RT-PCR analysis for osteo/odontogenic (DSPP, BSP, ALP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, BMP-2, Runx2), adipogenic (lipoprotein-lipase-LPL) and neurogenic (Neurofilament/NFL-L, nestin, β-tubulin-III, NCAM) markers. RESULTS Our results showed that the STRO-1(pos)/CD146(pos) subpopulation demonstrated higher CFU efficiency and much higher expression of several embryonic and mesenchymal SC markers compared to the non-sorted SCAP. They also showed enhanced odontogenic differentiation potential, as evidenced by higher mineralization capacity and expression of osteo/odontogenic markers. By contrast, absence of STRO-1 in the STRO-1(neg)/CD146(pos) subpopulation yielded the opposite results and was associated with significant downgrading of the above-mentioned properties. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that STRO-1(pos)/CD146(pos) SCAP cells represent a very promising adult MSCs source with enhanced multipotent SC properties that could be easily isolated with simple flow cytometric methods to be used for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakopoulou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany
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Chantarawaratit P, Sangvanich P, Banlunara W, Soontornvipart K, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan sponges stimulate alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament regeneration in a canine class II furcation defect model. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:164-78. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chantarawaratit
- Faculty of Dentistry; Dental Biomaterials Program; Graduate School; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Materials Science; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - W. Banlunara
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K. Soontornvipart
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine and Natural Product for Dental Application; Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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Tang R, Wang Q, Du J, Yang P, Wang X. Expression and localization of Nell-1 during murine molar development. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:175-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang X, Jin T, Chang S, Zhang Z, Czajka-Jakubowska A, Nör JE, Clarkson BH, Ni L, Liu J. In vitro differentiation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells on enamel-like fluorapatite surfaces. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:821-30. [PMID: 22563788 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown good biocompatibility of fluorapatite (FA) crystal surfaces in providing a favorable environment for functional cell-matrix interactions of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and also in supporting their long-term growth. The aim of the current study was to further investigate whether this enamel-like surface can support the differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, and, therefore, act as a potential model for studying the enamel/dentin interface and, perhaps, dentine/pulp regeneration in tooth tissue engineering. The human pathway-focused osteogenesis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array demonstrated that the expression of osteogenesis-related genes of human DPSCs was increased on FA surfaces compared with that on etched stainless steel (SSE). Consistent with the PCR array, FA promoted mineralization compared with the SSE surface with or without the addition of a mineralization promoting supplement (MS). This was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining, and tetracycline staining for mineral formation. In conclusion, FA crystal surfaces, especially ordered (OR) FA surfaces, which mimicked the physical architecture of enamel, provided a favorable extracellular matrix microenvironment for the cells. This resulted in the differentiation of human DPSCs and mineralized tissue formation, and, thus, demonstrated that it may be a promising biomimetic model for dentin-pulp tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Poché RA, Sharma R, Garcia MD, Wada AM, Nolte MJ, Udan RS, Paik JH, DePinho RA, Bartlett JD, Dickinson ME. Transcription factor FoxO1 is essential for enamel biomineralization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30357. [PMID: 22291941 PMCID: PMC3265481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Transforming growth factor β (Tgf-β) pathway, by signaling via the activation of Smad transcription factors, induces the expression of many diverse downstream target genes thereby regulating a vast array of cellular events essential for proper development and homeostasis. In order for a specific cell type to properly interpret the Tgf-β signal and elicit a specific cellular response, cell-specific transcriptional co-factors often cooperate with the Smads to activate a discrete set of genes in the appropriate temporal and spatial manner. Here, via a conditional knockout approach, we show that mice mutant for Forkhead Box O transcription factor FoxO1 exhibit an enamel hypomaturation defect which phenocopies that of the Smad3 mutant mice. Furthermore, we determined that both the FoxO1 and Smad3 mutant teeth exhibit changes in the expression of similar cohort of genes encoding enamel matrix proteins required for proper enamel development. These data raise the possibility that FoxO1 and Smad3 act in concert to regulate a common repertoire of genes necessary for complete enamel maturation. This study is the first to define an essential role for the FoxO family of transcription factors in tooth development and provides a new molecular entry point which will allow researchers to delineate novel genetic pathways regulating the process of biomineralization which may also have significance for studies of human tooth diseases such as amelogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Poché
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cytokine Biology, Forsyth Institute, and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Monica D. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aya M. Wada
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Nolte
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryan S. Udan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ji-Hye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine, and Genetics, Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John D. Bartlett
- Department of Cytokine Biology, Forsyth Institute, and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li S, Kong H, Yao N, Yu Q, Wang P, Lin Y, Wang J, Kuang R, Zhao X, Xu J, Zhu Q, Ni L. The role of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the late stage of odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:698-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ying X, Cheng S, Wang W, Lin Z, Chen Q, Zhang W, Kou D, Shen Y, Cheng X, Peng L, Zi Xu H, Zhu Lu C. Effect of lactoferrin on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. Int Orthop 2011; 36:647-53. [PMID: 21713451 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-011-1303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many in vitro studies of the analysis of the lactoferrin (LF) effect on cells have been reported. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of LF on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LF on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. METHODS The hADSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium with 0, 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml LF, respectively. hADSC proliferation was analysed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, von Kossa staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Cell proliferation was significantly increased by LF in a dose-dependent manner from days 4 to 14. Cells cultured with 100 μg/ml LF presented a higher activity compared with the control. The deposition of calcium was increased after the addition of LF. The mRNA expression of type I collagen (COL-I), ALP, osteocalcin (OCN) and RUNX2 increased markedly as a result of LF treatment. CONCLUSIONS We have shown for the first time that LF could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, which could be a promising approach for enhancing osteogenic capacity of cell-based construction in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 109 Xue yuan xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Hakki SS, Foster BL, Nagatomo KJ, Bozkurt SB, Hakki EE, Somerman MJ, Nohutcu RM. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Enhances Cementoblast Function In Vitro. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1663-74. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hakki SS, Bozkurt BS, Hakki EE. Boron regulates mineralized tissue-associated proteins in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2010; 24:243-50. [PMID: 20685097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of boron (B) on the cell-survival, proliferation, mineralization and mRNA expression of mineralized tissue-associated proteins. Additionally, determination of the effects of B on the BMP-4, -6 and -7 protein levels of pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) was also intended. The effects of B (pH 7.0) concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10,000 ng/ml) on the survival of the cells were evaluated at 24 and 96 hrs with MTT assay. To evaluate the proliferation in long term, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with different concentrations of B (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml) and were counted on days 2, 5, and 14. While in short term, decreased cell survival rate was observed at 1000 ng/ml and above, at long term no statistically significant difference was detected in different B concentrations applied. Slight decreases at the proliferation of the B-treated groups were determined on days 5 and 14 but one-way analysis of variance revealed that the difference was statistically insignificant. In mineralization assay, increased mineralized nodules were apparently observed in B treatment (1 and 10 ng/ml concentrations) groups. Based on quantitative RT-PCR results, remarkable regulation in favor of osteoblastic function for Collagen type I (COL I), Osteopontin (OPN), Bone Sialoprotein (BSP), Osteocalcin (OCN) and RunX2 mRNA expressions were observed in B treatment groups in comparison with untreated control groups. Increased BMP-4, -6 and -7 protein levels were detected at 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml B concentrations. Results of the study suggest that at the molecular level B displays important roles on bone metabolism and may find novel usages at the regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema S Hakki
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Konya, Turkey.
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Abstract
Runx2 is a new transcription factor that takes part in odontoblast differentiation. This study is aimed at investigating the immunolocalization and expression of Runx2 in the process of dental pulp injury and repair using immunohistochemical technique. In normal dental pulp, positive staining can hardly be detected. In experimental groups, strong positive staining was detected at the site of the impaired pulp after 1 day, while only weak Runx2 staining was detected 3 days after operation. Five days later, a large number of stellate cells in the root apex expressed Runx2, and after 7 days, followed by the reparative dentinogenesis, Runx2 expression vanished slowly, then totally disappeared. Taken together, the expression of Runx2 has temporal and spatial specificity during different phases in rat tertiary dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Pan K, Sun Q, Zhang J, Ge S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang P. Multilineage differentiation of dental follicle cells and the roles of Runx2 over-expression in enhancing osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expression in dental follicle cells. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:219-28. [PMID: 20546240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental follicle cells (DFCs) provide the origin of periodontal tissues, and Runx2 is essential for bone formation and tooth development. In this study, pluripotency of DFCs was evaluated and effects of Runx2 on them were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DFCs were induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes, and alizarin red staining, oil red O staining or alcian blue staining was performed to reveal the differentiated states. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and primary mouse fibroblasts served as controls. DFCs were also infected with recombinant retroviruses encoding either full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 without the VWRPY motif. Western blot analysis, real-time real time RT-PCR and in vitro mineralization assay were performed to evaluate the effects of full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 on osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of the cells. RESULTS The above-mentioned staining methods demonstrated that DFCs were successfully induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes respectively, confirming the existence of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells in dental follicle tissues. However, staining intensity in DFC cultures was weaker than in BMSC cultures. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that mutant Runx2 induced a more pronounced increase in expression levels of OC, OPN, Col I and CP23 than full-length Runx2. Mineralization assay also showed that mutant Runx2 increased mineralization nodule formation more prominently than full-length Runx2. CONCLUSIONS Multipotent DFCs can be induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes in vitro. Runx2 over-expression up-regulated expression levels of osteoblast/cementoblast-related genes and in vitro enhanced osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In addition, mutant Runx2-induced changes in DFCs were more prominent than those induced by full-length Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pan
- Department of Periodontology and Institute of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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41
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Lossdörfer S, Abou Jamra B, Rath-Deschner B, Götz W, Abou Jamra R, Braumann B, Jäger A. The role of periodontal ligament cells in delayed tooth eruption in patients with cleidocranial dysostosis. J Orofac Orthop 2009; 70:495-510. [PMID: 19960292 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-009-9934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical appearance of patients with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), which is caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene, is characterized by anomalies of the clavicles, thorax, spine, pelvis and extremities and by disturbances of the skull and tooth development. Of orthodontic relevance are multiple supernumerary teeth associated with delayed tooth eruption. The present investigation is based on the hypothesis that an altered phenotypic expression of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells from CCD patients and a reduced ability of those cells to support the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts might contribute to delayed tooth eruption. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, PDL cells from healthy donors and from two patients with clinically and molecular biologically diagnosed CCD were characterized for the basal and induced mRNA expression of osteoblast marker genes. The physiological relevance of the findings for the differentiation of osteoclasts was examined in an osteoclast assay, as well as in a co-culture model of PDL cells and osteoclast precursors. RESULTS Both CCD patients displayed missense mutations of the RUNX2 gene. The in vitro experiments revealed an unaltered expression of RUNX2 mRNA, however especially in CCD patient 2 there was a reduced basal expression of mRNA for the key regulatory gene for bone remodeling RANKL. Furthermore, compared to the control cells from healthy donors, these factors were less inducible by stimulation of the cultures with 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). In the osteoclast assays as well as in the co-culture experiments, PDL cells from the CCD patients showed a reduced capacity to induce the differentiation of active osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PDL cells from CCD patients express a less distinctive osteoblastic phenotype resulting in an impaired ability to support osteoclastogenesis which might, in part, account for the delayed tooth eruption that can be observed clinically.
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Chen S, Gluhak-Heinrich J, Wang YH, Wu YM, Chuang HH, Chen L, Yuan GH, Dong J, Gay I, MacDougall M. Runx2, osx, and dspp in tooth development. J Dent Res 2009; 88:904-9. [PMID: 19783797 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509342873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors Runx2 and Osx are necessary for osteoblast and odontoblast differentiation, while Dspp is important for odontoblast differentiation. The relationship among Runx2, Osx, and Dspp during tooth and craniofacial bone development remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that the roles of Runx2 and Osx in the regulation of osteoblast and odontoblast lineages may be independent of one another. The results showed that Runx2 expression overlapped with Osx in dental and osteogenic mesenchyme from E12 to E16. At the later stages, from E18 to PN14, Runx2 and Osx expressions remained intense in alveolar bone osteoblasts. However, Runx2 expression was down-regulated, whereas Osx expression was clearly seen in odontoblasts. At later stages, Dspp transcription was weakly present in osteoblasts, but strong in odontoblasts where Osx was highly expressed. In mouse odontoblast-like cells, Osx overexpression increased Dspp transcription. Analysis of these data suggests differential biological functions of Runx2, Osx, and Dspp during odontogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, TheUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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43
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Yamamoto T, Takahashi S. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells do not transform into cementoblasts in rat molar cementogenesis. Ann Anat 2009; 191:547-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Komori T. Regulation of bone development and extracellular matrix protein genes by RUNX2. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 339:189-95. [PMID: 19649655 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RUNX2 is a multifunctional transcription factor that controls skeletal development by regulating the differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts and the expression of many extracellular matrix protein genes during chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. This transcription factor plays a major role at the late stage of chondrocyte differentiation: it is required for chondrocyte maturation and regulates Col10a1 expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes and the expression of Spp1, Ibsp, and Mmp13 in terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes. It is essential for the commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal cells to the osteoblast lineage. During osteoblast differentiation, RUNX2 upregulates the expression of bone matrix protein genes including Col1a1, Spp1, Ibsp, Bglap, and Fn1 in vitro and activates many promoters including those of Col1a1, Col1a2, Spp1, Bglap, and Mmp13. However, overexpression of Runx2 inhibits osteoblast maturation and reduces Col1a1 and Bglap expression. The inhibition of RUNX2 in mature osteoblasts does not reduce the expression of Col1a1 and Bglap in mice. Thus, RUNX2 directs pluripotent mesenchymal cells to the osteoblast lineage, triggers the expression of major bone matrix protein genes, and keeps the osteoblasts in an immature stage, but does not play a major role in the maintenance of the expression of Col1a1 or Bglap in mature osteoblasts. During bone development, RUNX2 induces osteoblast differentiation and increases the number of immature osteoblasts, which form immature bone, whereas Runx2 expression has to be downregulated for differentiation into mature osteoblasts, which form mature bone. During dentinogenesis, Runx2 expression is downregulated, and RUNX2 inhibits the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.
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45
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Abstract
Cementogenesis starts with the differentiation of cementoblasts. Mature cementoblasts secrete cementum matrix. Cementum components are similar to bone; moreover, cementoblasts possess many characteristics similar to those of osteoblasts. Runx2 and osterix, the transcriptional factors for osteoblast differentiation, participate in tooth formation. However, the characteristics of Runx2 and osterix during the differentiation process of cementoblasts remain unclear. In this study, we examined the immunolocalization patterns of Runx2, osterix, and osteopontin during rat molar tooth formation. Periodontal ligament cells and osteoblasts located on the alveolar bone surface showed immunoreactivity for Runx2. Colocalization of Runx2 and osterix was detected in cementoblasts, which penetrated the ruptured Hertwig's epithelial root sheath and attached to root dentin. Moreover, osteopontin was observed in Runx2-positive cementoblasts facing the root surface. However, the cells adjacent to cementoblasts showed only Runx2 reactivity. Neither Runx2 nor osterix was seen in cementocytes. These results suggest that both Runx2 and osterix are important for differentiation into cementoblasts. Additionally, osterix may be indispensable for transcription of osteopontin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Hirata
- Department of Oral Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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46
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Miyazaki T, Kanatani N, Rokutanda S, Yoshida C, Toyosawa S, Nakamura R, Takada S, Komori T. Inhibition of the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts and their transdifferentiation into osteoblasts in Runx2 transgenic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:131-46. [PMID: 18974605 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.71.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for bone and tooth development whose function in odontoblast differentiation remains to be clarified. To pursue this issue, we examined tooth development in Runx2 transgenic mice under the control of Col1a1 promoter (Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) mice). Endogenous Runx2 protein was detected in the nuclei of preodontoblasts, immature odontoblasts, mesenchymal cells in the dental sac, and osteoblasts, while transgene expression was detected in odontoblasts and osteoblasts. Odontoblasts in Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) mice lost their columnar shape and dentin was deposited around the odontoblasts, which were cuboid or flat in shape. The dentin in Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) mice was thin and possessed lacunae that contained odontoblasts and bone canaliculi-like structures, while predentin and dentinal tubules were absent. We examined the expression of dentin matrix protein genes, Col1a1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), by in situ hybridization, and dentin matrix proteins, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) as well as an intermediate filament, nestin, by immunohistochemistry to characterize odontoblasts in Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) mice. Results showed Col1a1 expression was down-regulated, DSPP expression was lost, and nestin expression was severely decreased in the odontoblasts of Tg(Col1a1-Runx2) mice. Further, the expressions of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and DMP1 were up-regulated in odontoblasts, although the up-regulation of osteocalcin expression was transient. These findings indicate that Runx2 inhibits the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts, and that Runx2 induces transdifferentiation of odontoblasts into osteoblasts forming a bone structure. Thus, Runx2 expression has to be down-regulated during odontoblast differentiation to acquire full odontoblast differentiation for dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Jäger A, Kunert D, Friesen T, Zhang D, Lossdörfer S, Götz W. Cellular and extracellular factors in early root resorption repair in the rat. Eur J Orthod 2008; 30:336-45. [PMID: 18632841 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjn012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen type I, fibronectin, and osteopontin (OPN) during cementum repair following experimentally induced tooth movement, and to characterize the cells taking part in the regenerative process. The upper right first molars were moved mesially in 21 three-month-old male Wistar rats using a coil spring with a force of 0.5 N. After 9 days, the appliance was removed and the animals were killed in groups of three immediately after withdrawal of the force and 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, and 17 days later. Three rats served as non-experimental control animals. The maxillae were prepared and processed for histological analysis. Together with the disappearance of the multinucleated odontoclasts from the resorption lacunae, signs of repair were visible 5 days after the release of the orthodontic force. The first signs of cementum repair were seen on day 10. The newly produced cementum was of the acellular extrinsic fibre type (AEFC) and reattachment was achieved with the principal periodontal ligament (PDL) fibres orientated almost perpendicular to the root surface. The initial interface formed between the old and new cementum, as well as the new AEFC, was characterized by a strong immunoreaction with OPN and collagen I antibody, but only a weak immunoreaction with the fibronectin antibody. Only a small number of mononuclear cells, which were involved in the repair process, showed a positive immunoreaction with the osteoblastic lineage markers runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin. These same cells stained sparsely with muscle segment homeobox homologue 2, but not with the E11 antibody. Thus, most of the cells associated with this reparative activity on the surface of the lacunae were differentiated PDL cells of the fibroblastic phenotype. Cells with a defined osteoblastic phenotype seemed to be of minor importance in this repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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48
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Abstract
Teeth move through alveolar bone, whether through the normal process of tooth eruption or by strains generated by orthodontic appliances. Both eruption and orthodontics accomplish this feat through similar fundamental biological processes, osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, but there are differences that make their mechanisms unique. A better appreciation of the molecular and cellular events that regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis in eruption and orthodontics is not only central to our understanding of how these processes occur, but also is needed for ultimate development of the means to control them. Possible future studies in these areas are also discussed, with particular emphasis on translation of fundamental knowledge to improve dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Wise
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Amir LR, Li G, Schoenmaker T, Everts V, Bronckers ALJJ. Effect of thrombin peptide 508 (TP508) on bone healing during distraction osteogenesis in rabbit tibia. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 330:35-44. [PMID: 17636332 PMCID: PMC2039796 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin-related peptide 508 (TP508) accelerates bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis (DO). We have examined the effect of TP508 on bone regeneration during DO by immunolocalization of Runx2 protein, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, and of osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), two late markers of the osteoblast lineage. Distraction was performed in tibiae of rabbits over a period of 6 days. TP508 (30 or 300 μg) or vehicle was injected into the distraction gap at the beginning and end of the distraction period. Two weeks after active distraction, tissue samples were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical analysis. We also tested the in vitro effect of TP508 on Runx2 mRNA expression in osteoblast-like (MC3T3-E1) cells by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Runx2 and OPN protein were observed in preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes of newly formed bone, blood vessel cells and many fibroblast-like cells of the soft connective tissue. Immunostaining for BSP was more restricted to osteoblasts and osteocytes. Significantly more Runx2- and OPN-expressing cells were seen in the group treated with 300 μg TP508 than in the control group injected with saline or with 30 μg TP508. However, TP508 failed to increase Runx2 mRNA levels significantly in MC3T3-E1 cells after 2–3 days of exposure. Our data suggest that TP508 enhances bone regeneration during DO by increasing the proportion of cells of the osteoblastic lineage. Clinically, TP508 may shorten the healing time during DO; this might be of benefit when bone regeneration is slow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Amir
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststr 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Li
- Musculoskeletal Education and Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Musgrave Park Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststr 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststr 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius L. J. J. Bronckers
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststr 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Carmona-Rodríguez B, Alvarez-Pérez MA, Narayanan AS, Zeichner-David M, Reyes-Gasga J, Molina-Guarneros J, García-Hernández AL, Suárez-Franco JL, Chavarría IG, Villarreal-Ramírez E, Arzate H. Human Cementum Protein 1 induces expression of bone and cementum proteins by human gingival fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:763-9. [PMID: 17509525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently presented evidence showing that a human cementoblastoma-derived protein, named Cementum Protein 1 (CEMP1) may play a role as a local regulator of cementoblast differentiation and cementum-matrix mineralization. This protein was shown to be expressed by cementoblasts and progenitor cells localized in the periodontal ligament. In this study we demonstrate that transfection of CEMP1 into human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) induces mineralization and expression of bone and cementum-matrix proteins. The transfected HGF cells had higher alkaline phosphatase activity and proliferation rate and they expressed genes for alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, the transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1, and cementum attachment protein (CAP). They also produced biological-type hydroxyapatite. These findings indicate that the CEMP1 might participate in differentiation and mineralization of nonosteogenic cells, and that it might have a potential function in cementum and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carmona-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
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