1
|
Ji YZ, Zhang JY, Li HJ, Han C, Yang YK, Wu YC. Regioselective and oxidant-free sulfinylation of indoles and pyrroles with sulfinamides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4789-4800. [PMID: 31033985 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected time-controlled highly selective C3- or C2-sulfinylation of pyrroles with sulfinamides is reported for the first time. The sulfinylation of indoles with sulfinamides using this protocol is oxidant-free and can be performed under obviously more feasible conditions (1.2 equiv. of indoles, 10 min) in comparison with the precedent procedure (3-20 equiv. of indoles, 16-18 h, ammonium persulfate as oxidant, hv). A variety of functional groups were tolerated, and various C2-thioindoles and C2/3-thiopyrroles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhao Ji
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stefan SM, Wiese M. Small-molecule inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and related processes: A historic approach and recent advances. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:176-264. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Marcel Stefan
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mathew B, Snowden TS, Connelly MC, Guy RK, Reynolds RC. A small diversity library of α-methyl amide analogs of sulindac for probing anticancer structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2136-2142. [PMID: 29776741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a variety of potential indications that include management of pain and inflammation as well as chemoprevention and/or treatment of cancer. Furthermore, a specific form of ibuprofen, dexibuprofen or the S-(+) form, shows interesting neurological activities and has been proposed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In a continuation of our work probing the anticancer activity of small sulindac libraries, we have prepared and screened a small diversity library of α-methyl substituted sulindac amides in the profen class. Several compounds of this series displayed promising activity compared with a lead sulindac analog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bini Mathew
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Timothy S Snowden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Michele C Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mailstop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- The University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 214H BioPharm Complex, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Robert C Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Background: In addition to corticosteroids, there are increasing numbers of anti-inflammatory agents that specifically target bioactive lipids generated from arachidonic acid. Knowledge of the diverse mechanisms of action of these different bioactive lipids holds promise in the therapy of a wide spectrum of cutaneous and systemic disorders. Objective: Therapeutic manipulations of these lipid molecules through inhibition, stimulation, or direct replacement have broad physiologic effects. These therapeutic strategies not only modulate inflammation, pain, and hemostatic parameters, they also play a role in cardiac, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal function and disease, as well as in angiogenesis and in factors that control cell growth and apoptosis important in carcinogenesis. Conclusion: Newer drug discovery methods, including combinatorial chemistry with molecular modeling, have made it possible to develop inhibitors and analogs with increasing specificity and bioactivity and decreasing toxicity. Although the application of these analogs and inhibitors for cutaneous disease is limited today, either as primary agents or adjuvant therapy, these drugs will have a place in our therapeutic regimes of the future. We present a review of the therapeutic agents now available from manipulation of these bioactive lipids, and their role and future in dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J. Smith
- The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense
| | - Henry Skelton
- The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rocca J, Manin S, Hulin A, Aissat A, Verbecq-Morlot W, Prulière-Escabasse V, Wohlhuter-Haddad A, Epaud R, Fanen P, Tarze A. New use for an old drug: COX-independent anti-inflammatory effects of sulindac in models of cystic fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1728-41. [PMID: 26894321 PMCID: PMC4867744 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Pulmonary disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to exacerbated inflammation. To date, the only anti‐inflammatory drug available to CF patients is high‐dose ibuprofen, which can slow pulmonary disease progression, but whose cyclooxygenase‐dependent digestive adverse effects limit its clinical use. Here we have tested sulindac, another non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug with an undefined anti‐inflammatory effect in CF airway epithelial cells. Experimental Approach Using in vitro and in vivo models, we NF‐κB activity and IL‐8 secretion. In HeLa‐F508del cells, we performed luciferase reporter gene assays in order to measure i) IL‐8 promoter activity, and ii) the activity of synthetic promoter containing NF‐κB responsive elements. We quantified IL‐8 secretion in airway epithelial CFBE cells cultured at an air‐liquid interface and in a mouse model of CF. Key Results Sulindac inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB and decreased IL‐8 transcription and secretion in TNF‐α stimulated CF cells via a cyclooxygenase‐independent mechanism. This effect was confirmed in vivo in a mouse model of CF induced by intra‐tracheal instillation of LPS, with a significant decrease of the induction of mRNA for MIP‐2, following treatment with sulindac. Conclusion and Implications Overall, sulindac decrease lung inflammation by a mechanism independent of cycolooxygenase. This drug could be beneficially employed in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Rocca
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvie Manin
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Hulin
- DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France
| | - Abdel Aissat
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Pôle de Biologie, Créteil, France
| | - Wilfried Verbecq-Morlot
- Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France
| | - Virginie Prulière-Escabasse
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France.,CHIC, service d'ORL, Créteil, France
| | | | - Ralph Epaud
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France
| | - Pascale Fanen
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Pôle de Biologie, Créteil, France
| | - Agathe Tarze
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France.,DHU Ageing-Thorax-Vessel-Blood, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klein T, Benders J, Roth F, Baudler M, Siegle I, Kömhoff M. Expression of Prostacyclin-Synthase in Human Breast Cancer: Negative Prognostic Factor and Protection against Cell Death In Vitro. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:864136. [PMID: 26265889 DOI: 10.1155/2015/864136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenously formed prostacyclin (PGI2) and synthetic PGI2 analogues have recently been shown to regulate cell survival in various cell lines. To elucidate the significance of PGI2 in human breast cancer, we performed immunohistochemistry to analyze expression of prostacyclin-synthase (PGIS) in 248 human breast cancer specimens obtained from surgical pathology files. We examined patients' 10-year survival retrospectively by sending a questionnaire to their general practitioners and performed univariate analysis to determine whether PGIS expression correlated with patient survival. Lastly, the effects of PGI2 and its analogues on cell death were examined in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a human T-cell leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM). PGIS expression was observed in tumor cells in 48.7% of samples and was associated with a statistically significant reduction in 10-year survival (P = 0.038; n = 193). Transient transfection of PGIS into MCF-7 cells exposed to sulindac increased cell viability by 50% and exposure to carbaprostacyclin protected against sulindac sulfone induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells. Expression of PGIS is correlated with a reduced patient survival and protects against cell death in vitro, suggesting that PGIS is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Katoumas K, Nikitakis N, Perrea D, Dontas I, Sklavounou A. In Vivo Antineoplastic Effects of the NSAID Sulindac in an Oral Carcinogenesis Model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:642-9. [PMID: 25939347 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic properties of the NSAID sulindac have long been studied. The purpose of this study was to explore sulindac's in vivo effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) oncogenesis using the hamster cheek pouch oral carcinogenesis model (HOCM). Thirty Syrian golden hamsters were divided into three experimental and two control groups (n = 6 each). The animals' right buccal pouches were treated with carcinogen for 9 weeks in one experimental and one control group and for 14 weeks in all other three groups. The animals of two experimental groups received sulindac from the 1st week and those of the third experimental group from the 10th week. After the end of carcinogenesis, treated buccal pouches were removed and examined. In animals treated with carcinogen for 14 weeks, development of oral SCC and tumor volume were significantly lower in animals that received sulindac from the first week of the experiment. Oral SCC developing in animals that received sulindac were more frequently well differentiated compared with the control group. In animals treated with carcinogen for 9 weeks, the animals that received sulindac developed lower grade of epithelial dysplasia. Proliferation index Ki-67 and positivity for the antiapoptotic molecule survivin were lower in the animals that received sulindac. Treatment with sulindac appears to delays the progression of oral premalignant lesions to oral SCC in the HOCM, also resulting in smaller and better differentiated tumors. These in vivo antineoplastic effects may be related to sulindac's ability to decrease cell proliferation and to prevent survivin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Katoumas
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ismene Dontas
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Sklavounou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liggett JL, Zhang X, Eling TE, Baek SJ. Anti-tumor activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: cyclooxygenase-independent targets. Cancer Lett 2014; 346:217-24. [PMID: 24486220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively for analgesic and antipyretic treatments. In addition, NSAIDs reduce the risk and mortality to several cancers. Their mechanisms in anti-tumorigenesis are not fully understood, but both cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent and -independent pathways play a role. We and others have been interested in elucidating molecular targets of NSAID-induced apoptosis. In this review, we summarize updated literature regarding cellular and molecular targets modulated by NSAIDs. Among those NSAIDs, sulindac sulfide and tolfenamic acid are emphasized in this review because these two drugs have been well investigated for their anti-tumorigenic activity in many different types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Liggett
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Thomas E Eling
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Gamil DS, Ahmed NS, Gary BD, Piazza GA, Engel M, Hartmann RW, Abadi AH. Design of novel β-carboline derivatives with pendant 5-bromothienyl and their evaluation as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:23-33. [PMID: 23307609 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New derivatives with the tetrahydro-β-carboline-imidazolidinedione and tetrahydro-β-carboline-piperazinedione scaffolds and a pendant bromothienyl moiety at C-5/C-6 were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit PDE5 in vitro. The following SAR can be concluded: The tetracyclic scaffold is essential for PDE5 inhibition; the ethyl group is the most suitable among the adopted N-substituents on the terminal ring (hydantoin/piperazinedione); the appropriate stereochemistry of C-5/C-6 derived from the aldehyde rather than C-11a/C-12a derived from tryptophan appears crucial for inhibition of PDE5; surprisingly, derivatives with the hydantoin terminal ring are more active than their analogs with the piperazinedione ring; the selectivity versus PDE5 relative to PDE11 with cGMP as a substrate is mainly a function of the substitution and stereochemistry pattern of the external ring, in other words of the interaction with the H-loop residues of the isozymes. Thirteen derivatives showed PDE5 inhibitory activity with IC(50) values in the range of 0.16-5.4 µm. Compound 8 was the most potent PDE5 inhibitor and showed selectivity towards PDE5 versus other PDEs, with a selectivity index of 49 towards PDE5 rather than PDE11 with cGMP as the substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakanishi M, Ménoret A, Belinsky GS, Giardina C, Godman CA, Vella AT, Rosenberg DW. Utilizing endoscopic technology to reveal real-time proteomic alterations in response to chemoprevention. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 1:1660-6. [PMID: 21136663 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention approaches use either pharmacological or dietary agents to impede, arrest or reverse the carcinogenic process. Although several agents have shown effectiveness against colon cancer, present intervention strategies provide only partial reduction. In this study, we utilized high-resolution endoscopy to obtain colon tumor biopsy specimens from Apc mutant mice before and after 2-wk sulindac intervention. To acquire information beyond genomics, proteome analysis using the ProteomeLab PF2D platform was implemented to generate 2-D protein expression maps from biopsies. Chromatograms produced common signature profiles between sulindac and nonsulindac treated samples, and contrasting profiles termed "fingerprints". We selected a double peak that appeared in tumor biopsies from sulindac-treated mice. Further analyses using MS sequencing identified this protein as histone H2B. The location of H2B in the 1(st) dimension strongly suggested PTM, consistent with identification of two oxidized methionines. While further studies on sulindac proteomic fingerprints are underway, this study demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of "real-time" proteomic analysis for obtaining information on biomarker discovery and drug activity that would not be revealed by a genetic assay. This approach should be broadly applicable for assessing lesion responsiveness in a wide range of translational and human clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Basu S, Ma R, Moskal JR, Basu M, Banerjee S. Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells: Modulation of Genes for Glycoconjugate Biosynthesis and Targeted Drug Delivery. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2012; 749:233-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
12
|
Stępnik M, Ferlińska M, Smok-Pieniążek A, Gradecka-Meesters D, Arkusz J, Stańczyk M. Sulindac and its metabolites: Sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone enhance cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide on leukemic cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1075-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
13
|
Stępnik M, Ferlińska M, Smok-pieniążek A, Gradecka-meesters D, Arkusz J, Stańczyk M. Assessment of the involvement of oxidative stress and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase signaling pathways in the cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide and its combination with sulindac or its metabolites: sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone on human leukemic cell lines. Med Oncol 2012; 29:1161-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
14
|
Maitro G, Prestat G, Madec D, Poli G. An escapade in the world of sulfenate anions: generation, reactivity and applications in domino processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Seo AM, Hong SW, Shin JS, Park IC, Hong NJ, Kim DJ, Lee WK, Lee WJ, Jin DH, Lee MS. Sulindac induces apoptotic cell death in susceptible human breast cancer cells through, at least in part, inhibition of IKKbeta. Apoptosis 2009; 14:913-22. [PMID: 19526344 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulindac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-tumor activities that include the induction of apoptosis in various cancer cells and the inhibition malignant transformation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. Recently, it has been shown that sulindac can inhibit NF-kappaB activation. Here, we demonstrate that sulindac induces apoptotic cell death in susceptible human breast cancer cells through, at least in part, inhibition of IKKbeta activity. More specifically, when we compared two different human breast cancer cell lines, Hs578T, which has relatively low basal IKKbeta activity, and MDA-MB231, which has relatively high basal IKKbeta activity, we found that MDA-MB231 was markedly more sensitive to sulindac-induced apoptosis than Hs578T. This was associated with greater caspase-3 and -9 activity in sulindac-treated MDA-MB231 cells. Using a combination of chemical kinase inhibitors and siRNA-mediated knockdown of specific kinases, we found that sulindac inhibits IKKbeta, which, in turn, leads to the p38 MAPK-dependent activation of JNK1. Together, these findings suggest that sulindac induces apoptosis in susceptible human breast cancer cells through, at least in part, the inhibition of IKKbeta and the subsequent p38 MAPK-dependent activation of JNK1.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nikitakis NG, Scheper MA, Papanikolaou VS, Sauk JJ. RETRACTED: The oncogenic effects of constitutive Stat3 signaling in salivary gland cancer cells are mediated by survivin and modulated by the NSAID sulindac. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:826-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
17
|
Stewart GD, Nanda J, Brown DJG, Riddick ACP, Ross JA, Habib FK. NO-sulindac inhibits the hypoxia response of PC-3 prostate cancer cells via the Akt signalling pathway. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:223-32. [PMID: 18924134 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-donating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are safer than traditional NSAIDs and inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells with greater potency than NSAIDs. In vivo, prostate cancer deposits are found in a hypoxic environment which induces resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effects and mechanism of action of a NO-NSAID called NO-sulindac on the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line under hypoxic conditions. NO-sulindac was found to have pro-apoptotic, cytotoxic, and anti-invasive effect on PC-3 cells under normoxia and hypoxia. NO-sulindac was significantly more cytotoxic than sulindac at all oxygen levels. The sulindac/linker and NO-releasing subunits both contributed to the cytotoxic effects of NO-sulindac. Resistance of PC-3 cells to NO-sulindac was induced as the oxygen concentration declined. Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance was reversed by knocking-down hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) mRNA using RNAi. Nuclear HIF-1alpha levels were upregulated at 0.2% oxygen but reduced by treatment with NO-sulindac, as was Akt phosphorylation. NO-sulindac treatment of hypoxic PC-3 cells transfected with a reporter construct, downregulated activation of the hypoxia response element (HRE) promoter. Co-transfection of PC-3 cells with the HRE promoter reporter construct and myr-Akt (constitutively active Akt) plasmids reversed the NO-sulindac induced reduction in HRE activation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of hypoxic, NO-sulindac treated PC-3 cells showed downregulation of lysyl oxidase and carbonic anhydrase IX mRNA expression. Collectively, these novel findings demonstrate that NO-sulindac directly inhibits the hypoxia response of PC-3 prostate cancer cells by inhibiting HIF-1alpha translation via the Akt signalling pathway. The ability of NO-sulindac to inhibit tumour adaption to hypoxia has considerable relevance to the future management of prostate cancer with the same cellular properties as PC-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant D Stewart
- Prostate Research Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Prescription and over-the-counter medications are widely used in the United States and many western countries. More than two-thirds of women ages >45 years, who are at greatest risk for breast cancer, take prescription medication. In light of the ubiquitous nature of medication use and the fact that breast cancer remains the most common cancer in women, research on the role of medication use in breast cancer etiology is warranted. We summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the association between breast cancer risk and use of common medications, including antibiotics, antidepressants, statins, antihypertensives, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Overall, there is little evidence that would implicate the use of antibiotics, antidepressants, statins, and antihypertensives in the etiology of breast cancer. Although several prospective studies and a randomized low-dose aspirin chemoprevention trial have not shown lower risk of breast cancer among aspirin users, most studies that have examined the potential chemoprotective effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown significant risk reductions for regular and prolonged use of these drugs. The existing literature on the role of medication use in breast carcinogenesis is complicated. Interpretation of the evidence is hampered due to major methodologic differences across studies, including exposure assessment, exposure classification, and adjustment for potential confounding variables. These differences largely stem from the fact that the majority of articles on this topic represent secondary data analyses from studies with inadequate information on exposure or confounders. Thus, future epidemiologic studies specifically designed to study these ubiquitous and biologically plausible exposures are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Epidemiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pan MR, Chang HC, Chuang LY, Hung WC. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NS398 reactivates SPARC expression via promoter demethylation to attenuate invasiveness of lung cancer cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:456-62. [PMID: 18367635 DOI: 10.3181/0709-rm-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to exhibit potent anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. One of the mechanisms by which NSAIDs suppress tumorigenesis is inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we used a microarray system to study the change of expression profile of metastasis-related genes regulated by NS398, a NSAID and a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. We found that several negative regulators of cell invasion, including secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), thrombospondin 3 (TSP-3), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) are upregulated by NS398. In addition, we demonstrated that upregulation of SPARC expression by NS398 in human lung cancer cells is mediated by promoter demethylation and associated with a decrease in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression. This is the first report to show that NS398 can inhibit the expression of DNMT1 and 3b. Functional assay indicated that SPARC is a critical mediator for NS398 to inhibit cell invasion. Our results provide new insights for the understanding of the anticancer actions of NSAIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world and there is an urgent need for new strategies to combat this disease. Findings from several independent laboratories have converged on cGMP signaling as an exciting new therapeutic target, but the mechanisms remain controversial. A key intracellular effector of cGMP is protein kinase G (PKG). This article reviews the scientific literature concerning PKG effects on tumor development and progression, and discusses possible strategies for its exploitation in future cancer therapies. Studies from several independent laboratories have described novel anti-tumor effects of PKG in colon cancer cells that include inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis. While more preclinical research is warranted to better understand signaling mechanisms, these properties support the notion that PKG is a novel cancer target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren D Browning
- Medical College of Georgia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1120 15th Street, CB2605, Augusta, GA 30912-2100, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Weinstein B. Relevance of the concept of oncogene addiction to hormonal carcinogenesis and molecular targeting in cancer prevention and therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2008; 617:3-13. [PMID: 18497026 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
22
|
Weiss GJ, Vokes EE, Bunn PA, Magree L, Rusk J, Albert D, Kelly K. Docetaxel and exisulind in previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: a multicenter, phase II clinical trial. J Thorac Oncol 2007; 2:933-8. [PMID: 17909356 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181462051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This multicenter, phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the activity of the combination of docetaxel and exisulind in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who failed a prior platinum-containing regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with measurable disease and adequate organ function received exisulind (250 mg) given orally, twice daily, and docetaxel (36 mg/m) administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4-week cycle for up to six cycles. In the absence of disease progression or intolerable side effects, patients continued taking 250 mg of exisulind orally, twice daily. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (median age 60 years; range 34-77; median performance status 1) were enrolled. There were no objective responses documented. Sixteen patients [48%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 31%-66%] had stable disease after 8 weeks of treatment. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.1 months (95% CI: 1.5-3.2 months); median overall survival time was 8.0 months (range 0.2-25.9 months). Toxicity was moderate, with dose adjustment for adverse event/toxicity required for docetaxel or exisulind in 13 (39.3%) patients. Grade 3/4 lymphopenia, neutropenia, and anemia occurred in 48.5%, 12.1%, and 9.1% of patients, respectively. Grade 3 or greater toxicity was seen in 12.1%, 6.1%, and 3% of patients for nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, and abdominal pain, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with exisulind and weekly docetaxel was not active in NSCLC patients who failed a prior platinum-containing regimen. Further study of this combination does not seem warranted.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/radiotherapy
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Docetaxel
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Maximum Tolerated Dose
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Remission Induction
- Sulindac/administration & dosage
- Sulindac/analogs & derivatives
- Survival Rate
- Taxoids/administration & dosage
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen J Weiss
- TGen Clinical Research Services at Scottsdale Healthcare, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scheper MA, Nikitakis NG, Sauk JJ. Survivin is a downstream target and effector of sulindac-sensitive oncogenic Stat3 signalling in head and neck cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36:632-9. [PMID: 17566705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulindac exerts its antitumorigenic effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells by modulating survivin in a Stat3-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein levels of phosphorylated-tyrosine Stat3 (p-tyr Stat3) and survivin in SCC tissues. Western blot, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Annexin-V and cell proliferation assays were used to determine p-tyr Stat3 and survivin protein and mRNA expression, and cell viability following treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, Stat3 siRNA, or the forced expression of Stat3 or survivin. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an overexpression of p-tyr Stat3 in T1 SCCs. The importance of constitutive Stat3 activation in tumourigenesis was confirmed by siRNA inhibition of Stat3, resulting in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, via a downregulation of survivin mRNA and protein expression. The forced expression of survivin partially reversed these effects of Stat3 inhibition. Sulindac, but not other COX inhibitors, downregulated Stat3, which correlated to an inhibition of cell proliferation, survival and survivin expression. Transfection of constitutively active Stat3 restored survivin expression and partially rescued SCC cells from sulindac-induced antitumorigenic effects. These data indicate that survivin is a downstream target and effector of oncogenic Stat3 signalling in SCC, which is targeted by sulindac in a COX-2-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Scheper
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Ave. 7 North, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kapetanovic IM, Krishnaraj R, Martin-Jimenez T, Yuan L, van Breemen RB, Lyubimov A. Effects of oral dosing paradigms (gavage versus diet) on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 164:68-75. [PMID: 17027946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In cancer chemopreventive studies, test agents are typically administered via diet, while the preclinical safety studies normally employ oral gavage dosing. Correspondence in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles between the two dosing approaches cannot be assumed a priori. Sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potential chemopreventive activity, was used to assess effects of the two oral dosing paradigms on its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Time-dependent concentrations of sulindac and its sulfone metabolite were determined in plasma and potential target organ, mammary gland. Prostaglandin E(2) was used as a pharmacodynamic biomarker and measured in mammary gland. An inverse linear relationship was detected between pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic markers, area under the curve for prostaglandin E(2) levels and sulindac sulfone concentrations, respectively, in the mammary tissue. Marked differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were observed after administration of sulindac by the two oral dosing paradigms. In general, oral gavage resulted in higher peak and lower trough concentrations of sulindac in plasma and mammary tissue, higher area under concentration-time curve in plasma and mammary tissue, and greater effect on prostaglandin E(2) levels than the corresponding diet dosing. This study illustrates potential pitfalls and limitations in trying to generalize based on data obtained with different oral dosing schemes and their extrapolation to potential efficacy and health risks in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Kapetanovic
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7322, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Blair CK, Sweeney C, Anderson KE, Folsom AR. NSAID use and survival after breast cancer diagnosis in post-menopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 101:191-7. [PMID: 16823508 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiologic studies, although not all, have shown an inverse relation between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and risk of incident breast cancer, but the possible influence of NSAID use on breast cancer survival has not been evaluated. We examined the association between self-reported NSAID use and survival after invasive breast cancer diagnosis among 591 postmenopausal women in a prospective study. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer death as well as all-cause mortality associated with NSAID use. There was an indication of reduced risk of breast cancer mortality and all-cause mortality for women reporting any versus no use of NSAIDs, with multivariate-adjusted HRs of 0.64 (95% CI 0.39-1.05) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.40-0.81), respectively. There was no trend of decreasing risk of death with increasing frequency of NSAID use per week. While the results from this exploratory analysis are preliminary, there is biological plausibility for such an association. Further studies should consider whether NSAIDs, which have biological activity affecting tumor promotion and progression and appear to protect against breast cancer incidence, may be associated with better prognosis after a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy K Blair
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lim JTE, Joe AK, Suzui M, Shimizu M, Masuda M, Weinstein IB. Sulindac Sulfide and Exisulind Inhibit Expression of the Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:3478-84. [PMID: 16740773 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we found that sulindac sulfide and exisulind (sulindac sulfone, Aptosyn) cause growth inhibition, arrest cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. These effects were associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1. The present study focuses on the effects of sulindac sulfide and exisulind on hormone signaling components in breast cancer cells. We found that estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive T47D breast cancer cells were somewhat more sensitive to growth inhibition by sulindac sulfide or exisulind than ER-negative PR-negative MB-MDA-468 breast cancer cells. Further studies indicated that sulindac sulfide and exisulind caused marked down-regulation of expression of the ER and PR-A and PR-B in T47D cells. However, neither compound caused a major change in expression of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha), RARbeta, or RARalpha in T47D cells. Sulindac sulfide and exisulind also caused a decrease in expression of the ER in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Both compounds also markedly inhibited estrogen-stimulated activation of an estrogen-responsive promoter in transient transfection reporter assays. Treatment of T47D cells with specific protein kinase G (PKG) activators did not cause a decrease in ER or PR expression. Therefore, although sulindac sulfide and exisulind can cause activation of PKG, the inhibitory effects of these two compounds on ER and PR expression does not seem to be mediated by PKG. Our findings suggest that the growth inhibition by sulindac sulfide and exisulind in ER-positive and PR-positive human breast cancer cells may be mediated, in part, by inhibition of ER and PR signaling. Thus, these and related compounds may provide a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of human breast cancers, especially those that are ER positive.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Sulindac/analogs & derivatives
- Sulindac/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin T E Lim
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide clinicians with current concepts regarding prevention for breast and ovarian cancers. Specifically, this review will provide evidence for the chemoprevention of breast and ovarian cancers with analgesics, such as aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetaminophen. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical investigations provide consistent evidence that NSAIDs effectively inhibit the carcinogenesis of epithelial tumors, especially colon and gastrointestinal tract cancers, but also breast and ovarian cancers. The anti-tumor effects of aspirin and other NSAIDs are thought to arise primarily from an inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Recent studies have also supported a link between cyclooxygenase-2-mediated prostaglandin production and estrogen biosynthesis via the aromatase enzyme. In addition, some epidemiologic studies have reported that hormone-receptor-positive breast tumors are more responsive to aspirin, which is consistent with these preclinical findings. A recent large-scale randomized trial found, however, that low-dose aspirin in healthy women did not reduce the incidence of either breast or ovarian cancers. SUMMARY There is significant preclinical evidence to support the chemopreventive effects of aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen. Given the conflicting data from observational studies and the null results from a limited number of randomized trials, it is, however, too early to suggest that the regular use of these analgesics could help prevent breast or ovarian cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Crew
- Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hou Y, Gupta N, Schoenlein P, Wong E, Martindale R, Ganapathy V, Browning D. An anti-tumor role for cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Cancer Lett 2005; 240:60-8. [PMID: 16256267 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compared Type-1 cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) expression in normal and tumor tissues and examined PKG function in tumor growth. Studies with a cDNA array revealed that PKG expression was reduced in many tumors compared to respective normal tissue. This decrease in PKG expression was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting of matched colon specimens from normal epithelium and tumor tissue, and also in colon derived cell lines where luciferase reporter analysis revealed that the decreased expression occurred at the transcriptional level. Using SW620 colon carcinoma cells engineered for inducible expression of PKG1beta, it was found that exogenous PKG1beta lead to decreased tumor growth and invasiveness in nude mouse xenografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kashfi K, Rigas B. Non-COX-2 targets and cancer: Expanding the molecular target repertoire of chemoprevention. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:969-86. [PMID: 15949789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention represents a highly promising approach for the control of cancer. That nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) prevent colon and other cancers has led to novel approaches to cancer prevention. The known inhibitory effect of NSAIDs on the eicosanoid pathway prompted mechanistic and drug development work focusing on cyclooxygenase (COX), culminating in clinical trials of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors for cancer prevention or treatment. However, two COX-2 inhibitors have been withdrawn due to side effects. Here we review several pathways of the eicosanoid cascade that are relevant to cancer; summarize the evidence regarding the role of COX-2 as a target for cancer prevention; and discuss several of the molecular targets that may mediate the chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs. The clinically modest results obtained to date with COX-2 specific inhibitors used in cancer prevention; the multiple COX-2-independent targets of both NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors; and the limitations of some COX-2 inhibitors indicate that exploiting these (non-COX-2) molecular targets will likely yield effective new approaches for cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, City University of New York Medical School, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JS, Baek SJ, Sali T, Eling TE. The conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac sulfide arrests ovarian cancer cell growth via the expression of NAG-1/MIC-1/GDF-15. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:487-93. [PMID: 15767558 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-04-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the chemopreventive and antitumorigenic activities of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) against colorectal cancer are well established, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these properties in ovarian cancer have not been elucidated. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop mechanism-based approaches for the management of ovarian cancer. To this end, the effect of several NSAIDs on ovarian cancer cells was investigated as assessed by the induction of NAG-1/MIC-1/GDF-15, a proapoptotic gene belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Sulindac sulfide was the most significant NSAID activated gene 1 (NAG-1) inducer and its expression was inversely associated with cell viability as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. This growth suppression by sulindac sulfide was recovered by transfection of NAG-1 small interfering RNA. These results indicate that NAG-1 is one of the genes responsible for growth suppression by sulindac sulfide. Furthermore, we observed down-regulation of p21 WAF1/CIP1 by introduction of NAG-1 small interfering RNA into sulindac sulfide-treated cells. In addition, to elucidate other potential molecular mechanisms involved in sulindac sulfide treatment of ovarian cancer cells, we did a membrane-based microarray experiment. We found that cyclin D1, MMP-1, PI3KR1, and uPA were down-regulated by sulindac sulfide. In conclusion, a novel molecular mechanism is proposed to explain the experimental results and provide a rationale for the chemopreventive activity of NSAIDs in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, MD: E4-09, P.O. Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Narayanan BA, Narayanan NK, Pittman B, Reddy BS. Regression of mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:7727-37. [PMID: 15570007 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic studies have revealed a decreased risk of colon cancer among people who have regularly taken cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Whereas the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib and exisulind, a metabolic product of sulindac, have gained increasing attention as efficacious chemopreventive agents against colon and prostate cancer, not much is known about the underlying molecular targets and mechanisms. Moreover, the side effects of NSAIDs are a major obstacle for large-scale application to the prevention of cancer in humans; for example, in the United States in 1998, there were 16,550 deaths from NSAID-induced gastrointestinal complications. The toxicity associated with these compounds is raising concerns, and more needs to be known about their mode of action and molecular targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used the transgenic mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, which exhibits similarities with human prostate cancer, including epithelial origin, progression from the PIN stage to adenocarcinoma, and metastasis by a transgene that is hormonally regulated by androgens. In addition to histologically analyzing the PIN lesions of the dorsolateral prostate from TRAMP mice, we delineated the molecular targets and mechanisms of celecoxib and exisulind against mouse PIN lesions. We performed Western blot analysis of the total protein lysate from the tissues of mouse PIN lesions to measure the level of expression of androgen receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, nuclear factor-kappaB p65, BclII, AKT (total and phosphorylated Ser473), p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1, p27, BAX, and caspase-3 to demonstrate the COX-2-independent mechanism involved in the inhibition of PIN lesions of the dorsolateral prostate by both celecoxib and exisulind. RESULTS We found for the first time that (a) both celecoxib and exisulind as dietary supplements induce strong inhibitory effects against prostate cancer at doses of 800 and 500 ppm, respectively, after 16 weeks; (b) the histologic analysis of the dorsolateral prostate after 2 weeks of treatment indicated a reduction of PIN lesions from 75% to 19% with celecoxib and to 16% with exisulind; (c) more importantly, those few PINs and adenocarcinomas in the groups treated with celecoxib or exisulind showed more apoptotic cells, lower levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and a lower number of mitotic cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of PIN lesions, first, we examined the expression of molecular targets involved in angiogenesis and inflammatory processes. It was clearly evident from Western blot analysis of the total protein lysate derived from the dorsolateral prostate tissues with PIN lesions that expression of androgen receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, nuclear factor-kappaB p65, and BclII is down-regulated more effectively by celecoxib. Down-regulation of AKT protein (total and phosphorylated at Ser473) signaling by celecoxib clearly indicates an inhibition of the survival gene and the pathological process that could otherwise lead to adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings from this study clearly show the effectiveness of celecoxib and exisulind in reducing the PIN lesions by modulating a cascade of molecular targets involved in COX-2-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Whereas these agents are already in clinical trial or in use as chemopreventive agents, findings from this study demonstrate the difference in their mode of action, thus helping us to understand the side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi A Narayanan
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Chemoprevention and Nutritional Carcinogenesis Program, and Statistics and Data Management, Institute for Cancer Prevention, Valhalla, New York 10987, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Legros J, Dehli J, Bolm C. Applications of Catalytic Asymmetric Sulfide Oxidations to the Syntheses of Biologically Active Sulfoxides. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200404206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
33
|
Huguenin S, Fleury-Feith J, Kheuang L, Jaurand MC, Bolla M, Riffaud JP, Chopin DK, Vacherot F. Nitrosulindac (NCX 1102): a new nitric oxide-donating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NO-NSAID), inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostatic epithelial cell lines. Prostate 2004; 61:132-41. [PMID: 15305336 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to explore the anti-tumoral potential of the Nitric Oxide-Donating Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NO-NSAID) NCX1102 (nitrosulindac), on three human prostatic epithelial cell lines at varying degree of transformation (PNT1A, LNCaP, and PC3). METHODS Cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative effects, cell-cycle alterations, morphological changes, and apoptosis were investigated after treatment with nitrosulindac in comparison to the native molecule sulindac. Involvement of the polyamine pathway in the action of nitrosulindac was also examined. RESULTS Nitrosulindac but not sulindac exerted a cytotoxic effect on all cell lines and an anti-proliferative effect on LNCaP and PC3 cells only. Nitrosulindac differentially altered the cell cycle, induced mitotic arrest and displayed a pro-apoptotic activity in all cell lines. Finally, the polyamine pathway does not seem to be involved in the mechanism of nitrosulindac action. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the anti-proliferative and proapoptotic activity of nitrosulindac on prostate cancer cell lines and suggest its potential interest for new strategies in the management of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Huguenin
- Equipe de recherche INSERM E 03-37 Oncogenèse des Tumeurs Respiratoires et Urogénitales, Faculté de Médecine, Rue du Général Sarrail, Créteil, Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) protect against colorectal cancer (CRC) to a greater degree than other non-gastrointestinal cancers, but the molecular basis for this difference is unknown. We previously reported that aspirin induces signal-specific IκBα degradation followed by NFκB nuclear translocation in CRC cells, and that this mechanism contributes substantially to aspirin-induced apoptosis. Here, we explored the hypothesis that cell-type specific effects on NFκB signalling are responsible for the observed differences in protection by aspirin against CRC compared to breast and gynaecological cancers. We also assessed whether COX-2 expression, mutation status of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), β-catenin, p53, or DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes in CRC lines influenced aspirin-induced effects. We found that aspirin induced concentration-dependent IκBα degradation, NFκB nuclear translocation and apoptosis in all CRC lines studied. However, there was no such effect on the other cancer cell types, indicating a considerable degree of cell-type specificity. The lack of effect on NFκB signalling, paralleled by absence of an apoptotic response to aspirin in non-CRC lines, strongly suggests a molecular rationale for the particular protective effect of NSAIDs against CRC. Effects on NFκB and apoptosis were observed irrespective of COX-2 expression, or mutation status in APC, β-catenin, p53 and DNA MMR genes, underscoring the generality of the aspirin effect on NFκB in CRC cells. These findings raise the possibility of cell-type specific targets for the development of novel chemopreventative agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F V N Din
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh Department of Oncology and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - M G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh Department of Oncology and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh Department of Oncology and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland. E-mail:
| | - L A Stark
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh Department of Oncology and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Frahm S, Kurtz A, Kluwe L, Farassati F, Friedrich RE, Mautner VF. Sulindac derivatives inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in primary cells from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of NF1-patients. Cancer Cell Int 2004; 4:4. [PMID: 15147581 PMCID: PMC425591 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are neoplasms leading to death in most cases. Patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 have an increased risk of developing this malignancy. The metabolites of the inactive prodrug Sulindac, Sulindac Sulfide and Sulindac Sulfone (Exisulind) are new chemopreventive agents that show promising results in the treatment of different cancer types. In this study we examined the antineoplastic effect of these compounds on primary cells derived from two MPNSTs of Neurofibromatosis type 1 patients. RESULTS: Exisulind and Sulindac Sulfide showed a dramatic time- and dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect with IC50-values of 120 microM and 63 microM, respectively. The decrease in viability of the tested cells correlated with induction of apoptosis. Treatment with 500 microM Exisulind and 125 microM Sulindac Sulfide for a period of 2 days increased the rate of apoptosis 21-27-fold compared to untreated cells. Reduced expression of RAS-GTP and phosphorylated ERK1/2 was detected in treated MPNST cells. Moreover, elevated levels of phosphorylated SAPK/JNK were found after drug treatment, and low activation of cleaved caspase-3 was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that this class of compounds may be of therapeutic benefit for Neurofibromatosis type 1 patients with MPNST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Frahm
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachussetts General Hospital, Charlestown MA, USA
| | - Lan Kluwe
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Faris Farassati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachussetts General Hospital, Charlestown MA, USA
| | - Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor F Mautner
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gammon MD, Terry MB, Arber N, Chow WH, Risch HA, Vaughan TL, Schoenberg JB, Mayne ST, Stanford JL, Dubrow R, Rotterdam H, West AB, Fraumeni JF, Weinstein IB, Hibshoosh H. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use associated with reduced incidence of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia that overexpress cyclin D1: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13:34-9. [PMID: 14744730 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-03-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether selected risk factors for esophageal and gastric cancer are associated with tumors that overexpress cyclin D1. Archived tumor tissue was available for 630 esophageal and gastric cancer patients who participated in a population-based case-control study. Patients were categorized into case groups based on whether protein overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, was present (cyclin D1+, n = 285) or not (cyclin D1-, n = 345) in the tumor. The distribution of risk factors in each of these case groups was then compared with the distribution among the 695 controls. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) for esophageal adenocarcinoma were reduced in relation to use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use but only among patients with cyclin D1+ tumors (0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26, 0.79) and not among those with cyclin D1- tumors (1.12, 95% CI = 0.67, 1.86). A similar pattern was observed for gastric cardia adenocarcinomas. In contrast, ORs for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and noncardia gastric adenocarcinomas in relation to NSAID use were reduced, regardless of cyclin D1 status. ORs did not vary with cyclin D1 status in relation to alcohol, body size, or cigarette smoking, with the following exception; for noncardia gastric adenocarcinomas the cyclin D1- tumors showed a 2-fold elevation in the OR with ever smoking. These data suggest that the reduction in risk associated with NSAID use may be restricted to those esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas that overexpress cyclin D1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilie D Gammon
- University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Einbond LS, Shimizu M, Xiao D, Nuntanakorn P, Lim JTE, Suzui M, Seter C, Pertel T, Kennelly EJ, Kronenberg F, Weinstein IB. Growth Inhibitory Activity of Extracts and Purified Components of Black Cohosh on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 83:221-31. [PMID: 14758092 DOI: 10.1023/b:brea.0000014043.56230.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether black cohosh contains constituents that inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells, and therefore might eventually be useful in the prevention or treatment of breast cancer. Black cohosh rhizomes were extracted with methanol/water and fractionated by solvent-solvent partitioning to yield three fractions: hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed the highest potency in two cell-based assays, growth inhibition and cell cycle analysis. This fraction inhibited growth of both the ER+ MCF7 and ER-MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cell lines with IC50 values of about 20 and 10 micro g/ml, respectively. It also induced cell cycle arrest at G1 when tested at 30 micro g/ml and at G2/M at 60 micro g/ml in MCF7 cells. This suggests that the extract contains a mixture of components with the more active (or more abundant) causing G1 arrest and the less active causing G2/M arrest. We then examined specific components in this extract. The triterpene glycoside fraction obtained by polyamide column chromatography, and the specific triterpene glycosides actein, 23-epi-26-deoxyactein and cimiracemoside A, inhibited growth of the MCF7 human breast cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest at G1. The most potent compound, actein, decreased the level of cyclin D1, cdk4 and the hyperphosphorylated form of the pRb protein and increased the level of p21cip1 in MCF7 cells, changes that may contribute to the arrest in G1. Further studies are in progress to identify the mechanisms by which actein and related compounds present in black cohosh inhibit growth of human breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Saxe Einbond
- Herbert Irvign Comperhensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Sulindac is a sulfoxide prodrug that, in vivo, is converted to the metabolites sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone. It is therapeutically used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic in the symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, sulindac and its metabolites have been shown to have an important role in the prevention of colonic carcinogenesis. Although the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis constitutes the primary mechanism of action of sulindac, it is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation and cancer. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the scavenging activity of sulindac and its sulfone and sulfide metabolites for an array of ROS (HO*, O2(*-), and HOCl) and RNS (*NO and ONOO-) using in vitro systems. The results we obtained demonstrate that the metabolism of sulindac increases its scavenging activity for all RNS and ROS studied, notably with regard to the scavenging of HOCl. These effects may strongly contribute to the anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic efficacy that has been shown for sulindac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química Física, Faculde de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pusztai L, Zhen JH, Arun B, Rivera E, Whitehead C, Thompson WJ, Nealy KM, Gibbs A, Symmans WF, Esteva FJ, Booser D, Murray JL, Valero V, Smith TL, Hortobagyi GN. Phase I and II study of exisulind in combination with capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3454-61. [PMID: 12972520 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the safety and clinical activity of exisulind in combination with capecitabine in 35 patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients had received previous anthracycline and taxane chemotherapies. Two dose levels of exisulind were explored, 125 and 250 mg orally bid as continuous daily therapy, concomitant with capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2 for 14 days in 21-day cycles. In the phase I study, the dose-limiting toxicities were hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea. The 125-mg bid dose was selected for phase II testing. RESULTS The most common nonhematologic grade 2 to 3 adverse events were hand-foot syndrome (57%) and fatigue (48%). The most frequent grade 2 to 3 laboratory abnormality was granulocytopenia. No death, unexpected adverse events, or cumulative toxicity were encountered. One complete and four partial responses were achieved (objective response rate, 16%) in the 31 patients assessable for response. The median duration of response was 31 weeks; three patients experienced stable disease longer than 26 weeks. Overall clinical benefit (complete response, partial response, or stable disease > 26 weeks) was 23%. Fourteen specimens were available for immunohistochemical assessment of phosphodiesterase-5 isoenzyme (PDE-5) and PDE-2 expression, which are the targets of exisulind. Eighty percent of tumors showed some expression of PDE-5 in the invasive cancer cells including 35% that showed moderate or strong staining. PDE-2 showed moderate or strong staining in 78% of tumors. There was no apparent association between tumor response and staining intensity. CONCLUSION Exisulind (125 mg orally bid) in combination with capecitabine is well tolerated and the combination has anticancer activity similar to that of capecitabine alone in heavily pretreated patients with MBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Pusztai
- Box 424, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hughes A, Smith NI, Wallace HM. Polyamines reverse non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced toxicity in human colorectal cancer cells. Biochem J 2003; 374:481-8. [PMID: 12793857 PMCID: PMC1223611 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2003] [Revised: 06/05/2003] [Accepted: 06/06/2003] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Naproxen, sulindac and salicylate, three NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), were cytotoxic to human colorectal cancer cells in culture. Toxicity was accompanied by significant depletion of intracellular polyamine content. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (the first enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway), induction of polyamine oxidase and spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (the enzymes responsible for polyamine catabolism) and induction of polyamine export all contributed to the decreased intracellular polyamine content. Morphological examination of the cells showed typical signs of apoptosis, and this was confirmed by DNA fragmentation and measurement of caspase-3-like activity. Re-addition of spermidine to the cells partially prevented apoptosis and recovered the cell number. Thus polyamines appear to be an integral part of the signalling pathway mediating NSAID toxicity in human colorectal cancer cells, and may therefore also be important in cancer chemoprevention in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alun Hughes
- Department of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Joe AK, Liu H, Xiao D, Soh JW, Pinto JT, Beer DG, Piazza GA, Thompson WJ, Weinstein IB. Exisulind and CP248 induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in human esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma cells. J Exp Ther Oncol 2003; 3:83-94. [PMID: 12822514 DOI: 10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of exisulind (sulindac sulfone) and a potent derivative CP248 on the Barrett's esophagus (BE)-related adenocarcinoma cell lines Seg-1 and Bic-1, and on HCE7 esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Marked growth inhibition and apoptosis occurred in all cell lines with IC50 values of 100-300 microM for exisulind and 100 nM for CP248. Bic-1 and HCE7 cells were more sensitive to the growth inhibitory properties of exisulind. Treatment of all cell lines with CP248 for 24 h increased the proportion of cells in mitosis. Exisulind had no effect on cell-cycle progression. Treatment with either compound induced rapid activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), suggesting that JNK1 activation plays a role in the induction of apoptosis by these compounds. Only Seg-1 cells expressed a detectable basal level of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), providing further evidence that cox-2 is not the critical target for the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of these compounds. Cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased approximately five-fold in all cell lines after 24 h of treatment with either compound. These studies provide support for the use of exisulind in BE chemoprevention trials, and of exisulind or CP248 in the therapy of patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Joe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 701 West 168th Street, HHSC-1509, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Elwich-Flis S, Sołtysiak-Pawluczuk D, Spławiński J. Anti-angiogenic and apoptotic effects of metabolites of sulindac on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Hybrid Hybridomics 2003; 22:55-60. [PMID: 12713691 DOI: 10.1089/153685903321538099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulindac and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in addition to anti-inflammatory properties, express preventive activity against colon cancer. This antineoplastic effect may result from the suppression of polyp development in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. However, despite intense investigations the exact mechanism for sulindac protective effect is not fully elucidated. Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, is required to support tumor growth and may be partially involved in the transformation of polyps into tumor. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether sulindac might inhibit angiogenesis. The effects of sulindac metabolites, sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone, on vascular development were evaluated using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in vivo. The angiogenic response was quantitated by several methods including direct stereomicroscopic observation, measurements of hemoglobin content and DNA synthesis whereas quantitation of apoptosis was based on determinations of caspase-3 activity, caspase-3 and bax protein expression, and nuclear DNA fragmentation. Our results indicated that both sulindac metabolites were equally effective in inhibition of new blood vessel formation in CAM during chick embryo development. Moreover, both metabolites of sulindac induced the process of apoptosis parallelly to the inhibition of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Elwich-Flis
- Drug Institute, Pharmacology Department, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Baek SJ, Wilson LC, Lee CH, Eling TE. Dual function of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): inhibition of cyclooxygenase and induction of NSAID-activated gene. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 301:1126-31. [PMID: 12023546 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.301.3.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disease and have a chemopreventive effect on colorectal cancer. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and/or COX-2 activity, but the chemopreventive effect may be, in part, independent of prostaglandin inhibition. NSAID-activated gene (NAG-1) was previously identified as a gene induced by some NSAIDs in cells devoid of COX activity. NAG-1 has proapoptotic and antitumorigenic activity in vitro and in vivo. To determine whether the induction of NAG-1 by NSAIDs is influenced by COX expression, we developed COX-1- and COX-2-overexpressing HCT-116 cells. COX expression did not affect NSAID-induced NAG-1 expression as assessed by transient and stable transfection. Also, NAG-1 expression was not affected by PGE(2) and arachidonic acid, suggesting that NAG-1 induction by NSAIDs occurs by a prostanoid-independent manner. We also report that indomethacin increased NAG-1 expression in a number of cells from tissues other than colorectal. In conclusion, NSAIDs have dual function, induction of NAG-1 expression and inhibition of COX activity that occurs in a variety of cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nikitakis NG, Hebert C, Lopes MA, Reynolds MA, Sauk JJ. PPARgamma-mediated antineoplastic effect of NSAID sulindac on human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2002; 98:817-23. [PMID: 11948457 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac may exert a significant antineoplastic effect. The purpose of our study was to explore the effects of sulindac on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The changes that sulindac treatment induced on growth, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of human oral SCCa cell lines were assessed by cell growth and flow cytometry experiments. Utilizing quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, we determined the effect of sulindac treatment on mRNA and protein expression of different sulindac's targets. Also, PPARgamma expression was selectively targeted by antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Both sulfide and sulfone metabolites of sulindac, which differ in the ability to cause COX-2 inhibition, induced a significant dose- and time-dependent cell growth reduction accompanied by increase in apoptosis without concomitant cell cycle arrest. Sulindac treatment also caused upregulation of the protein and mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and PPARs. Treatment with antisense PPARgamma oligonucleotides abolished sulindac's growth inhibitory effect. Our results are consistent with a significant growth inhibitory effect of NSAID sulindac on human oral SCCa cells, which is mediated, at least partially, through induction of apoptosis. We suggest that upregulation of PPARgamma expression and activation may be, at least partially, responsible for sulindac's antiproliferative effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201-1586, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Raz A. Is inhibition of cyclooxygenase required for the anti-tumorigenic effects of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)? In vitro versus in vivo results and the relevance for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:343-7. [PMID: 11853685 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Active research is being conducted to unravel the cellular mechanisms mediating the anti-tumorigenic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their association with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. The majority of NSAIDs inhibit either COX-1, COX-2, or both and exert their anti-COX, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic effects in vivo in a parallel dose-dependent manner. The effects are seen at NSAID blood plasma concentrations of 0.1-5 microM. Significantly, the same compounds tested at the same concentrations in incubations with cultured tumor cells in vitro similarly inhibit COX activities but are devoid of anti-proliferative activity. Yet, at much higher concentrations (100-20,000 microM), these same NSAIDs do exert anti-proliferative effects in vitro due to apparent non-specific toxic effects, as evidenced by disruption of ion transport and mitochondrial oxidation in some cells. A small group of NSAIDs (e.g. sulindac) do not inhibit COX enzymes significantly but can reduce the synthesis of prostanoids by alternate mechanisms. One such mechanism is inhibition of agonist-stimulated phospholipase-mediated release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids leading to depressed synthesis of prostanoids, especially prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Another group of non-COX inhibitors are the R-isomers of NSAIDs, based on the structure of 2-arylpropionic acid. These compounds exert anti-proliferative effects in vivo, acting by an as yet undetermined mechanism. A possible caveat in these data is an R to S chiral transformation in vivo that would render the R-isomer effect as being due to the S-isomer generated in vivo from it. Demonstration of minimal or no R to S inversion under the experimental in vivo conditions employed is, therefore, a necessary control in these studies. The overall body of data supports the conclusion that, for COX-inhibiting NSAIDs, their anti-tumorigenic effect in vivo is due to, and depends upon, inhibition of tumor COX enzymes, primarily COX-2. The cellular effects seen when adding high concentrations of NSAIDs to tumor cells cultured in vitro and the mechanisms proposed to mediate these effects may not have substantial relevance to the mechanisms that mediate the effects of NSAIDs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amiram Raz
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Exisulind (Aptosyn, Cell Pathways, Inc.) is the first of a new class of targeted, pro-apoptotic drugs that show promise in the treatment of cancer. These agents induce apoptosis (i.e., programmed cell death) in a broad range of pre-cancerous and cancerous tissues without affecting normal cells. The antineoplastic effect of exisulind appears to be the result of activation of protein kinase G (PKG) which leads to multiple downstream effects culminating in apoptosis. Exisulind has demonstrated antineoplastic activity in solid tumour and haematological cancer cell lines and is an inhibitor of tumour growth in rodent models of colon, prostate, bladder, mammary and lung cancer. Preclinical data evaluating selective apoptotic antineoplastic drugs (SAANDs) in combination with various chemotherapy drugs indicates additive or synergistic antineoplastic effects. In clinical studies, exisulind prevented colorectal polyp formation in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) over 24 months. In a randomised, placebo-controlled study of prostate cancer patients, exisulind inhibited the rise of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in men with PSA progression after radical prostatectomy. Exisulind has been well-tolerated by most patients in clinical trials. In conclusion, preclinical evidence and early clinical results suggest that exisulind and other drugs in this class may have wide applications in treating cancer both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E T Goluboff
- Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Smith KJ, Williams J, Skelton H. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the esophagus to the skin: new patterns of tumor recurrence and alternate treatments for palliation. J Cutan Pathol 2001; 28:425-31. [PMID: 11493381 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2001.028008425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (ACE), has been steadily increasing in incidence in the United States. In the past, patients usually died rapidly with locoregional disease that leads to inanition and aspiration. However, today when patients with ACE are treated successfully with induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by surgical excision, ACE usually does not recur locally, but presents with metatastic disease. We present a 62-year-old white male with ACE, which was treated with induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by surgical excision. After approximately 1 year with no evidence of locoregional recurrence, the patient presented with diffuse cutaneous metastatic disease. METHODS In addition to routine staining immunohistochemical stains for CK(AE1/AE3), CK7, CK 20, EMA, alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin, S-100 protein, CD34, P53, Bcl-2, c-erbB-2 were performed. RESULTS The immunohistochemical profile was consistent with an esophageal origin showing positive staining with CK20 and CK7 as well as AE1/AE3 and EMA. In addition, there was marked nuclear expression of p53, as well as membrane expression of c-erb-B2; consistent with progression of the disease and poor response to further cytotoxic therapeutic regimes. CONCLUSIONS With new therapeutic protocols, we can expect to see more metastatic disease with recurrences of ACE. The histopathologic features and the immunohistochemical profile of the recurrent tumors may be helpful in determining alternate forms of therapy that either alone or in combination could be useful in palliation and delaying progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Smith
- Department of Dermatology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bauvy C, Gane P, Arico S, Codogno P, Ogier-Denis E. Autophagy delays sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis in the human intestinal colon cancer cell line HT-29. Exp Cell Res 2001; 268:139-49. [PMID: 11478840 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major catabolic process allowing the renewal of intracellular organelles by which cells maintain their homeostasis. We have previously shown that autophagy is controlled by two transduction pathways mediated by a heterotrimeric Gi3 protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activities in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Here, we show that 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, increases the sensitivity of HT-29 cells to apoptosis induced by sulindac sulfide, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which inhibits the cyclooxygenases. Similarly, HT-29 cells overexpressing a GTPase-deficient mutant of the G(alpha i3) protein (Q204L), which have a low rate of autophagy, were more sensitive to sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis than parental HT-29 cells. In both cell populations we did not observe differences in the expression patterns of COX-2, Bcl-2, Bcl(XL), Bax, and Akt/PKB activity. However, the rate of cytochrome c release was higher in Q204L-overexpressing cells than in HT-29 cells. These results suggest that autophagy could retard apoptosis in colon cancer cells by sequestering mitochondrial death-promoting factors such as cytochrome c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bauvy
- INSERM U504 Glycobiologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 16, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lavagna C, Burgaud JL, Del Soldato P, Rampal P. Antiproliferative effects of nitrosulindac on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:808-16. [PMID: 11396974 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the incidence of colon cancer, but their use is limited by toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. The coupling of a nitric oxide-releasing moiety to NSAIDs strongly reduces these side effects. We demonstrated that the NO-releasing sulindac (nitrosulindac) has much more potent effects on colon adenocarcinoma cell lines compared to sulindac. Moreover, it could inhibit the growth of cells in soft agar experiments, demonstrating the antineoplastic activity at low concentration of nitrosulindac. However, this reduction in the growth of colon cancer cells seemed to be independent of the classical apoptosis pathway and could be explained by a cytostatic effect. Nitrosulindac caused a light perturbation of the cell cycle parameters not linked to a modification of the levels of p21 or the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Moreover, neither sulindac, nor nitrosulindac, were able to inhibit the NF-kappa B pathway. These data suggested that nitrosulindac could be a better solution compared to other NSAIDs in the treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lavagna
- Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie et de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 28, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baek SJ, Kim KS, Nixon JB, Wilson LC, Eling TE. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Regulate the Expression of a TGF-β Superfamily Member That Has Proapoptotic and Antitumorigenic Activities. Mol Pharmacol 2001. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.59.4.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|