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Kumar N, Prakash PG, Wentland C, Kurian SM, Jethva G, Brinkmann V, Mollenkopf HJ, Krammer T, Toussaint C, Saliba AE, Biebl M, Jürgensen C, Wiedenmann B, Meyer TF, Gurumurthy RK, Chumduri C. Decoding spatiotemporal transcriptional dynamics and epithelial fibroblast crosstalk during gastroesophageal junction development through single cell analysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3064. [PMID: 38594232 PMCID: PMC11004180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastroesophageal squamocolumnar junction (GE-SCJ) is a critical tissue interface between the esophagus and stomach, with significant relevance in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying GE-SCJ development remain unclear. Using single-cell transcriptomics, organoids, and spatial analysis, we examine the cellular heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dynamics of GE-SCJ development from embryonic to adult mice. We identify distinct transcriptional states and signaling pathways in the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of the esophagus and stomach during development. Fibroblast-epithelial interactions are mediated by various signaling pathways, including WNT, BMP, TGF-β, FGF, EGF, and PDGF. Our results suggest that fibroblasts predominantly send FGF and TGF-β signals to the epithelia, while epithelial cells mainly send PDGF and EGF signals to fibroblasts. We observe differences in the ligands and receptors involved in cell-cell communication between the esophagus and stomach. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying GE-SCJ development and fibroblast-epithelial crosstalk involved, paving the way to elucidate mechanisms during adaptive metaplasia development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Infections, Carcinogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Biotechnology Section, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gaurav Jethva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Krammer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Toussaint
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Biebl
- Surgical Clinic Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Jürgensen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajendra Kumar Gurumurthy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindrilla Chumduri
- Laboratory of Infections, Carcinogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Biotechnology Section, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Tong QY, Pang MJ, Hu XH, Huang XZ, Sun JX, Wang XY, Burclaff J, Mills JC, Wang ZN, Miao ZF. Gastric intestinal metaplasia: progress and remaining challenges. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:285-301. [PMID: 38242996 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Most gastric cancers arise in the setting of chronic inflammation which alters gland organization, such that acid-pumping parietal cells are lost, and remaining cells undergo metaplastic change in differentiation patterns. From a basic science perspective, recent progress has been made in understanding how atrophy and initial pyloric metaplasia occur. However, pathologists and cancer biologists have long been focused on the development of intestinal metaplasia patterns in this setting. Arguably, much less progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that lead to the intestinalization seen in chronic atrophic gastritis and pyloric metaplasia. One plausible explanation for this disparity lies in the notable absence of reliable and reproducible small animal models within the field, which would facilitate the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). This review offers an in-depth exploration of the current state of research in GIM, shedding light on its pivotal role in tumorigenesis. We delve into the histological subtypes of GIM and explore their respective associations with tumor formation. We present the current repertoire of biomarkers utilized to delineate the origins and progression of GIM and provide a comprehensive survey of the available, albeit limited, mouse lines employed for modeling GIM and engage in a discussion regarding potential cell lineages that serve as the origins of GIM. Finally, we expound upon the myriad signaling pathways recognized for their activity in GIM and posit on their potential overlap and interactions that contribute to the ultimate manifestation of the disease phenotype. Through our exhaustive review of the progression from gastric disease to GIM, we aim to establish the groundwork for future research endeavors dedicated to elucidating the etiology of GIM and developing strategies for its prevention and treatment, considering its potential precancerous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Tong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jiao Pang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Argüero J, Sifrim D. Pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: implications for diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:282-293. [PMID: 38177402 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in which retrograde flow of gastric content into the oesophagus causes uncomfortable symptoms and/or complications. It has a multifactorial and partially understood pathophysiology. GERD starts in the stomach, where the refluxate material is produced. Following the trajectory of reflux, the failure of the antireflux barrier, primarily the lower oesophageal sphincter and the crural diaphragm, enables the refluxate to reach the oesophageal lumen, triggering oesophageal or extra-oesophageal symptoms. Reflux clearance mechanisms such as primary and secondary peristalsis and the arrival of bicarbonate-rich saliva are critical to prevent mucosal damage. Alterations of the oesophageal mucosal integrity, such as macroscopic oesophagitis or microscopic changes, determine the perception of symptoms. The intensity of the symptoms is affected by peripheral and central neural and psychological mechanisms. In this Review, we describe an updated understanding of the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of GERD. It is now recognized that different GERD phenotypes have different degrees of reflux, severity of mucosal integrity damage and type, and severity of symptoms. These variations are probably due to the occurrence of a predominant pathophysiological mechanism in each patient. We also describe the main pathophysiological mechanisms of GERD and their implications for personalized diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Argüero
- Neurogastroenterology section of Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sifrim
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Katsuda T, Sussman JH, Ito K, Katznelson A, Yuan S, Takenaka N, Li J, Merrell AJ, Cure H, Li Q, Rasool RU, Asangani IA, Zaret KS, Stanger BZ. Cellular reprogramming in vivo initiated by SOX4 pioneer factor activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1761. [PMID: 38409161 PMCID: PMC10897393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage elicits cell fate switching through a process called metaplasia, but how the starting cell fate is silenced and the new cell fate is activated has not been investigated in animals. In cell culture, pioneer transcription factors mediate "reprogramming" by opening new chromatin sites for expression that can attract transcription factors from the starting cell's enhancers. Here we report that SOX4 is sufficient to initiate hepatobiliary metaplasia in the adult mouse liver, closely mimicking metaplasia initiated by toxic damage to the liver. In lineage-traced cells, we assessed the timing of SOX4-mediated opening of enhancer chromatin versus enhancer decommissioning. Initially, SOX4 directly binds to and closes hepatocyte regulatory sequences via an overlapping motif with HNF4A, a hepatocyte master regulatory transcription factor. Subsequently, SOX4 exerts pioneer factor activity to open biliary regulatory sequences. The results delineate a hierarchy by which gene networks become reprogrammed under physiological conditions, providing deeper insight into the basis for cell fate transitions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan H Sussman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenji Ito
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Katznelson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Takenaka
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson J Merrell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hector Cure
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinglan Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Martinez-Uribe O, Becker TC, Garman KS. Promises and Limitations of Current Models for Understanding Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:1025-1038. [PMID: 38325549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This review was developed to provide a thorough and effective update on models relevant to esophageal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinogenesis, focusing on the advantages and limitations of different models of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). METHODS This expert review was written on the basis of a thorough review of the literature combined with expert interpretation of the state of the field. We emphasized advances over the years 2012-2023 and provided detailed information related to the characterization of established human esophageal cell lines. RESULTS New insights have been gained into the pathogenesis of BE and EAC using patient-derived samples and single-cell approaches. Relevant animal models include genetic as well as surgical mouse models and emphasize the development of lesions at the squamocolumnar junction in the mouse stomach. Rat models are generated using surgical approaches that directly connect the small intestine and esophagus. Large animal models have the advantage of including features in human esophagus such as esophageal submucosal glands. Alternatively, cell culture approaches remain important in the field and allow for personalized approaches, and scientific rigor can be ensured by authentication of cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Research in BE and EAC remains highly relevant given the morbidity and mortality associated with cancers of the tubular esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Careful selection of models and inclusion of human samples whenever possible will ensure relevance to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Martinez-Uribe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine S Garman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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Fujii M, Sekine S, Sato T. Decoding the basis of histological variation in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:141-158. [PMID: 38135758 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular abnormalities that shape human neoplasms dissociate their phenotypic landscape from that of the healthy counterpart. Through the lens of a microscope, tumour pathology optically captures such aberrations projected onto a tissue slide and has categorized human epithelial neoplasms into distinct histological subtypes based on the diverse morphogenetic and molecular programmes that they manifest. Tumour histology often reflects tumour aggressiveness, patient prognosis and therapeutic vulnerability, and thus has been used as a de facto diagnostic tool and for making clinical decisions. However, it remains elusive how the diverse histological subtypes arise and translate into pleiotropic biological phenotypes. Molecular analysis of clinical tumour tissues and their culture, including patient-derived organoids, and add-back genetic reconstruction of tumorigenic pathways using gene engineering in culture models and rodents further elucidated molecular mechanisms that underlie morphological variations. Such mechanisms include genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations in cellular identity codes that erode hard-wired morphological programmes and histologically digress tumours from the native tissues. Interestingly, tumours acquire the ability to grow independently of the niche-driven stem cell ecosystem along with these morphological alterations, providing a biological rationale for histological diversification during tumorigenesis. This Review comprehensively summarizes our current understanding of such plasticity in the histological and lineage commitment fostered cooperatively by molecular alterations and the tumour environment, and describes basic and clinical implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Yang F, Hu Y, Shi Z, Liu M, Hu K, Ye G, Pang Q, Hou R, Tang K, Zhu Y. The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:123. [PMID: 38297325 PMCID: PMC10832115 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal strictures significantly impair patient quality of life and present a therapeutic challenge, particularly due to the high recurrence post-ESD/EMR. Current treatments manage symptoms rather than addressing the disease's etiology. This review concentrates on the mechanisms of esophageal stricture formation and recurrence, seeking to highlight areas for potential therapeutic intervention. METHODS A literature search was conducted through PUBMED using search terms: esophageal stricture, mucosal resection, submucosal dissection. Relevant articles were identified through manual review with reference lists reviewed for additional articles. RESULTS Preclinical studies and data from animal studies suggest that the mechanisms that may lead to esophageal stricture include overdifferentiation of fibroblasts, inflammatory response that is not healed in time, impaired epithelial barrier function, and multimethod factors leading to it. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier may be the initiating mechanism for esophageal stricture. Achieving perfect in-epithelialization by tissue-engineered fabrication of cell patches has been shown to be effective in the treatment and prevention of esophageal strictures. CONCLUSION The development of esophageal stricture involves three stages: structural damage to the esophageal epithelial barrier (EEB), chronic inflammation, and severe fibrosis, in which dysfunction or damage to the EEB is the initiating mechanism leading to esophageal stricture. Re-epithelialization is essential for the treatment and prevention of esophageal stricture. This information will help clinicians or scientists to develop effective techniques to treat esophageal stricture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Shi
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujie Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Pang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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Shen L, Huang H, Wei Z, Chen W, Li J, Yao Y, Zhou J, Liu J, Sun S, Xia W, Zhang T, Yu X, Shen J, Wang W, Jiang J, Huang J, Jiang M, Ni C. Integrated transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional analysis to characterize the tissue-specific small extracellular vesicle network of breast cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e433. [PMID: 38053815 PMCID: PMC10694390 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are essential mediators of intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although the biological features of sEVs have been characterized based on in vitro culture models, recent evidence indicates significant differences between sEVs derived from tissue and those derived from in vitro models in terms of both content and biological function. However, comprehensive comparisons and functional analyses are still limited. Here, we collected sEVs from breast cancer tissues (T-sEVs), paired normal tissues (N-sEVs), corresponding plasma (B-sEVs), and tumor organoids (O-sEVs) to characterize their transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. We identified the actual cancer-specific sEV signatures characterized by enriched cell adhesion and immunomodulatory molecules. Furthermore, we revealed the significant contribution of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the sEV network within the TME. In vitro model-derived sEVs did not entirely inherit the extracellular matrix- and immunity regulation-related features of T-sEVs. Also, we demonstrated the greater immunostimulatory ability of T-sEVs on macrophages and CD8+ T cells compared to O-sEVs. Moreover, certain sEV biomarkers derived from noncancer cells in the circulation exhibited promising diagnostic potential. This study provides valuable insights into the functional characteristics of tumor tissue-derived sEVs, highlighting their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zichen Wei
- Center for Genetic MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Breast SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Radiation OncologySecond Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Weilan Wang
- Department of Breast SurgeryChangxing People's HospitalHuzhouChina
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Genetic MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersHangzhouChina
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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9
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Li S, Hoefnagel SJM, Krishnadath KK. Molecular Biology and Clinical Management of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5410. [PMID: 38001670 PMCID: PMC10670638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. Due to its rising incidence, EAC has become a severe health challenge in Western countries. Current treatment strategies are mainly chosen based on disease stage and clinical features, whereas the biological background is hardly considered. In this study, we performed a comprehensive review of existing studies and discussed how etiology, genetics and epigenetic characteristics, together with the tumor microenvironment, contribute to the malignant behavior and dismal prognosis of EAC. During the development of EAC, several intestinal-type proteins and signaling cascades are induced. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment is associated with poor survival. The accumulation of somatic mutations at the early phase and chromosomal structural rearrangements at relatively later time points contribute to the dynamic and heterogeneous genetic landscape of EAC. EAC is also characterized by frequent DNA methylation and dysregulation of microRNAs. We summarize the findings of dysregulations of specific cytokines, chemokines and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and conclude that DNA methylation and microRNAs vary with each different phase of BE, LGD, HGD, early EAC and invasive EAC. Furthermore, we discuss the suitability of the currently employed therapies in the clinic and possible new therapies in the future. The development of targeted and immune therapies has been hampered by the heterogeneous genetic characteristics of EAC. In view of this, the up-to-date knowledge revealed by this work is absolutely important for future EAC studies and the discovery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Li
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kausilia Krishnawatie Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
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10
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Liu CY, Girish N, Gomez ML, Kalski M, Bernard JK, Simons BD, Polk DB. Wound-healing plasticity enables clonal expansion of founder progenitor cells in colitis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2309-2325.e7. [PMID: 37652012 PMCID: PMC10872951 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic colonic injury and inflammation pose high risks for field cancerization, wherein injury-associated mutations promote stem cell fitness and gradual clonal expansion. However, the long-term stability of some colitis-associated mutational fields could suggest alternate origins. Here, studies of acute murine colitis reveal a punctuated mechanism of massive, neutral clonal expansion during normal wound healing. Through three-dimensional (3D) imaging, quantitative fate mapping, and single-cell transcriptomics, we show that epithelial wound repair begins with the loss of structural constraints on regeneration, forming fused labyrinthine channels containing epithelial cells reprogrammed to a non-proliferative plastic state. A small but highly proliferative set of epithelial founder progenitor cells (FPCs) subsequently emerges and undergoes extensive cell division, enabling fluid-like lineage mixing and spreading across the colonic surface. Crypt budding restores the glandular organization, imprinting the pattern of clonal expansion. The emergence and functions of FPCs within a critical window of plasticity represent regenerative targets with implications for preneoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Nandini Girish
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marie L Gomez
- Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Martin Kalski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jessica K Bernard
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
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11
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Cammareri P, Myant KB. Be like water, my cells: cell plasticity and the art of transformation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1272730. [PMID: 37886398 PMCID: PMC10598658 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1272730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity defines the capacity of cells to adopt distinct identities during development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Dynamic fluctuations between different states, within or across lineages, are regulated by changes in chromatin accessibility and in gene expression. When deregulated, cellular plasticity can contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Cancer cells are remarkably plastic which contributes to phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within tumours as well as resistance to targeted therapies. It is for these reasons that the scientific community has become increasingly interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing cancer cell plasticity. The purpose of this mini-review is to discuss different examples of cellular plasticity associated with metaplasia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition with a focus on therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin B. Myant
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhang Y, Karagiannis D, Liu H, Lin M, Fang Y, Jiang M, Chen X, Suresh S, Huang H, She J, Shi F, Yang P, El-Rifai W, Zaika A, Oro AE, Rustgi AK, Wang TC, Lu C, Que J. Epigenetic regulation of p63 blocks squamous-to-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in esophageal development and malignancy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.09.556982. [PMID: 37745439 PMCID: PMC10515764 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.09.556982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
While cell fate determination and maintenance are important in establishing and preserving tissue identity and function during development, aberrant cell fate transition leads to cancer cell heterogeneity and resistance to treatment. Here, we report an unexpected role for the transcription factor p63 (Trp63/TP63) in the fate choice of squamous versus neuroendocrine lineage in esophageal development and malignancy. Deletion of p63 results in extensive neuroendocrine differentiation in the developing mouse esophagus and esophageal progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells. In human esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (eNEC) cells, p63 is transcriptionally silenced by EZH2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Upregulation of the major p63 isoform ΔNp63α, through either ectopic expression or EZH2 inhibition, promotes squamous transdifferentiation of eNEC cells. Together these findings uncover p63 as a rheostat in coordinating the transition between squamous and neuroendocrine cell fates during esophageal development and tumor progression.
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13
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Liu H, Wang X. Esophageal organoids: applications and future prospects. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:931-945. [PMID: 37380866 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have been developed in the last decade as a new research tool to simulate organ cell biology and disease. Compared to traditional 2D cell lines and animal models, experimental data based on esophageal organoids are more reliable. In recent years, esophageal organoids derived from multiple cell sources have been established, and relatively mature culture protocols have been developed. Esophageal inflammation and cancer are two directions of esophageal organoid modeling, and organoid models of esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and eosinophilic esophagitis have been established. The properties of esophageal organoids, which mimic the real esophagus, contribute to research in drug screening and regenerative medicine. The combination of organoids with other technologies, such as organ chips and xenografts, can complement the deficiencies of organoids and create entirely new research models that are more advantageous for cancer research. In this review, we will summarize the development of tumor and non-tumor esophageal organoids, the current application of esophageal organoids in disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug screening. We will also discuss the future prospects of esophageal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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14
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Abstract
Organoids derived from adult stem cells (ASCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are important preclinical models for studying cancer and developing therapies. Here, we review primary tissue-derived and PSC-derived cancer organoid models and detail how they have the potential to inform personalized medical approaches in different organ contexts and contribute to the understanding of early carcinogenic steps, cancer genomes, and biology. We also compare the differences between ASC- and PSC-based cancer organoid systems, discuss their limitations, and highlight recent improvements to organoid culture approaches that have helped to make them an even better representation of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H N Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - April S Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frank Pui-Ling Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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15
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Strasser MK, Gibbs DL, Gascard P, Bons J, Hickey JW, Schürch CM, Tan Y, Black S, Chu P, Ozkan A, Basisty N, Sangwan V, Rose J, Shah S, Camilleri-Broet S, Fiset PO, Bertos N, Berube J, Djambazian H, Li R, Oikonomopoulos S, Fels-Elliott DR, Vernovsky S, Shimshoni E, Collyar D, Russell A, Ragoussis I, Stachler M, Goldenring JR, McDonald S, Ingber DE, Schilling B, Nolan GP, Tlsty TD, Huang S, Ferri LE. Concerted epithelial and stromal changes during progression of Barrett's Esophagus to invasive adenocarcinoma exposed by multi-scale, multi-omics analysis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.08.544265. [PMID: 37333362 PMCID: PMC10274886 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma arises from Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous metaplastic replacement of squamous by columnar epithelium in response to chronic inflammation. Multi-omics profiling, integrating single-cell transcriptomics, extracellular matrix proteomics, tissue-mechanics and spatial proteomics of 64 samples from 12 patients' paths of progression from squamous epithelium through metaplasia, dysplasia to adenocarcinoma, revealed shared and patient-specific progression characteristics. The classic metaplastic replacement of epithelial cells was paralleled by metaplastic changes in stromal cells, ECM and tissue stiffness. Strikingly, this change in tissue state at metaplasia was already accompanied by appearance of fibroblasts with characteristics of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and of an NK cell-associated immunosuppressive microenvironment. Thus, Barrett's esophagus progresses as a coordinated multi-component system, supporting treatment paradigms that go beyond targeting cancerous cells to incorporating stromal reprogramming.
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16
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Chen Q, Weng K, Lin M, Jiang M, Fang Y, Chung SSW, Huang X, Zhong Q, Liu Z, Huang Z, Lin J, Li P, El-Rifai W, Zaika A, Li H, Rustgi AK, Nakagawa H, Abrams JA, Wang TC, Lu C, Huang C, Que J. SOX9 Modulates the Transformation of Gastric Stem Cells Through Biased Symmetric Cell Division. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1119-1136.e12. [PMID: 36740200 PMCID: PMC10200757 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transformation of stem/progenitor cells has been associated with tumorigenesis in multiple tissues, but stem cells in the stomach have been hard to localize. We therefore aimed to use a combination of several markers to better target oncogenes to gastric stem cells and understand their behavior in the initial stages of gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS Mouse models of gastric metaplasia and cancer by targeting stem/progenitor cells were generated and analyzed with techniques including reanalysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining. Gastric cancer cell organoids were genetically manipulated with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) for functional studies. Cell division was determined by bromodeoxyuridine-chasing assay and the assessment of the orientation of the mitotic spindles. Gastric tissues from patients were examined by histopathology and immunostaining. RESULTS Oncogenic insults lead to expansion of SOX9+ progenitor cells in the mouse stomach. Genetic lineage tracing and organoid culture studies show that SOX9+ gastric epithelial cells overlap with SOX2+ progenitors and include stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate to generate all gastric epithelial cells. Moreover, oncogenic targeting of SOX9+SOX2+ cells leads to invasive gastric cancer in our novel mouse model (Sox2-CreERT;Sox9-loxp(66)-rtTA-T2A-Flpo-IRES-loxp(71);Kras(Frt-STOP-Frt-G12D);P53R172H), which combines Cre-loxp and Flippase-Frt genetic recombination systems. Sox9 deletion impedes the expansion of gastric progenitor cells and blocks neoplasia after Kras activation. Although Sox9 is not required for maintaining tissue homeostasis where asymmetric division predominates, loss of Sox9 in the setting of Kras activation leads to reduced symmetric cell division and effectively attenuates the Kras-dependent expansion of stem/progenitor cells. Similarly, Sox9 deletion in gastric cancer organoids reduces symmetric cell division, organoid number, and organoid size. In patients with gastric cancer, high levels of SOX9 are associated with recurrence and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION SOX9 marks gastric stem cells and modulates biased symmetric cell division, which appears to be required for the malignant transformation of gastric stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kai Weng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ming Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sanny S W Chung
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zening Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Julian A Abrams
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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17
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Maslenkina K, Mikhaleva L, Naumenko M, Vandysheva R, Gushchin M, Atiakshin D, Buchwalow I, Tiemann M. Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119304. [PMID: 37298253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant lesion that can develop into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The development of Barrett's esophagus is caused by biliary reflux, which causes extensive mutagenesis in the stem cells of the epithelium in the distal esophagus and gastro-esophageal junction. Other possible cellular origins of BE include the stem cells of the mucosal esophageal glands and their ducts, the stem cells of the stomach, residual embryonic cells and circulating bone marrow stem cells. The classical concept of healing a caustic lesion has been replaced by the concept of a cytokine storm, which forms an inflammatory microenvironment eliciting a phenotypic shift toward intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus. This review describes the roles of the NOTCH, hedgehog, NF-κB and IL6/STAT3 molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Maslenkina
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila Mikhaleva
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Naumenko
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rositsa Vandysheva
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michail Gushchin
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri Atiakshin
- Research and Educational Resource Centre for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Buchwalow
- Research and Educational Resource Centre for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Tiemann
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Zhao Z, Meng M, Yao J, Zhou H, Chen Y, Liu J, Wang J, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Zhang M, Qi J, Zhang T, Zhou Z, Jiang T, Shang B, Zhou Q. The long non-coding RNA keratin-7 antisense acts as a new tumor suppressor to inhibit tumorigenesis and enhance apoptosis in lung and breast cancers. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 37185462 PMCID: PMC10130017 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) keratin-7 antisense (KRT7-AS) is downregulated in various types of cancer; however, the impact of KRT7-AS deficiency on tumorigenesis and apoptosis is enigmatic. We aim to explore the influence of KRT7-AS in carcinogenesis and apoptosis. We found that KRT7-AS was deficient in breast and lung cancers, and low levels of KRT7-AS were a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer. Cellular studies showed that silencing of KRT7-AS in lung cancer cells increased oncogenic Keratin-7 levels and enhanced tumorigenesis, but diminished cancer apoptosis of the cancer cells; by contrast, overexpression of KRT7-AS inhibited lung cancer cell tumorigenesis. Additionally, KRT7-AS sensitized cancer cells to the anti-cancer drug cisplatin, consequently enhancing cancer cell apoptosis. In vivo, KRT7-AS overexpression significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft mice, while silencing of KRT7-AS promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, KRT7-AS reduced the levels of oncogenic Keratin-7 and significantly elevated amounts of the key tumor suppressor PTEN in cancer cells through directly binding to PTEN protein via its core nucleic acid motif GGCAAUGGCGG. This inhibited the ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation of PTEN protein, therefore elevating PTEN levels in cancer cells. We also found that KRT7-AS gene transcription was driven by the transcription factor RXRα; intriguingly, the small molecule berberine enhanced KRT7-AS expression, reduced tumorigenesis, and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells. Collectively, KRT7-AS functions as a new tumor suppressor and an apoptosis enhancer in lung and breast cancers, and we unraveled that the RXRα-KRT7-AS-PTEN signaling axis controls carcinogenesis and apoptosis. Our findings highlight a tumor suppressive role of endogenous KRT7-AS in cancers and an important effect the RXRα-KRT7-AS-PTEN axis on control of cancer cell tumorigenesis and apoptosis, and offer a new platform for developing novel therapeutics against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Juntao Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yingnan Qiao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jindan Qi
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Bingxue Shang
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health; Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- The Ninth Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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19
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Chen L, Lu H, Peng D, Cao LL, Ballout F, Srirmajayam K, Chen Z, Bhat A, Wang TC, Capobianco A, Que J, McDonald OG, Zaika A, Zhang S, El-Rifai W. Activation of NOTCH signaling via DLL1 is mediated by APE1-redox-dependent NF-κB activation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 2023; 72:421-432. [PMID: 35750470 PMCID: PMC9789198 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) arises in the setting of Barrett's oesophagus, an intestinal metaplastic precursor lesion that can develop in patients with chronic GERD. Here, we investigated the role of acidic bile salts, the mimicry of reflux, in activation of NOTCH signaling in EAC. DESIGN This study used public databases, EAC cell line models, L2-IL1β transgenic mouse model and human EAC tissue samples to identify mechanisms of NOTCH activation under reflux conditions. RESULTS Analysis of public databases demonstrated significant upregulation of NOTCH signaling components in EAC. In vitro studies demonstrated nuclear accumulation of active NOTCH1 cleaved fragment (NOTCH intracellular domain) and upregulation of NOTCH targets in EAC cells in response to reflux conditions. Additional investigations identified DLL1 as the predominant ligand contributing to NOTCH1 activation under reflux conditions. We discovered a novel crosstalk between APE1 redox function, reflux-induced inflammation and DLL1 upregulation where NF-κB can directly bind to and induce the expression of DLL1. The APE1 redox function was crucial for activation of the APE1-NF-κB-NOTCH axis and promoting cancer cell stem-like properties in response to reflux conditions. Overexpression of APE1 and DLL1 was detected in gastro-oesophageal junctions of the L2-IL1ß transgenic mouse model and human EAC tissue microarrays. DLL1 high levels were associated with poor overall survival in patients with EAC. CONCLUSION These findings underscore a unique mechanism that links redox balance, inflammation and embryonic development (NOTCH) into a common pro-tumorigenic pathway that is intrinsic to EAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Long Long Cao
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Farah Ballout
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kannappan Srirmajayam
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ajaz Bhat
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Capobianco
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Oliver Gene McDonald
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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20
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Lansbergen MF, Khelil M, Etten-Jamaludin FSV, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Poor-prognosis molecular subtypes in adenocarcinomas of pancreato-biliary and gynecological origin: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 185:103982. [PMID: 37004743 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreato-biliary and gynecological adenocarcinomas need better tools to predict clinical outcome. Potential prognostic mesenchymal(-like) transcriptome-based subtypes have been identified in these cancers. In this systematic review, we include studies into molecular subtyping and summarize biological and clinical features of the subtypes within and across sites of origin, searching for suggestions to improve classification and prognostication. PubMed and Embase were searched for original research articles describing potential mesenchymal(-like) mRNA-based subtypes in pancreato-biliary or gynecological adenocarcinomas. Studies limited to supervised clustering were excluded. Fourty-four studies, discussing cholangiocarcinomas, gallbladder, ampullary, pancreatic, ovarian, and endometrial adenocarcinomas were included. There was overlap in molecular and clinical features in mesenchymal(-like) subtypes across all adenocarcinomas. Approaches including microdissection were more likely to identify prognosis-associating subtypes. To conclude, molecular subtypes in pancreato-biliary and gynecological adenocarcinomas share biological and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, separation of stromal and epithelial signals should be applied in future studies into biliary and gynecological adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein F Lansbergen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maryam Khelil
- University of Amsterdam, Spui 21, 1012 WX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Faridi S van Etten-Jamaludin
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Research Support Medical Library, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Katsuda T, Sussman J, Ito K, Katznelson A, Yuan S, Li J, Merrell AJ, Takenaka N, Cure H, Li Q, Rasool RU, Asangani IA, Zaret KS, Stanger BZ. Physiological reprogramming in vivo mediated by Sox4 pioneer factor activity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.14.528556. [PMID: 36824858 PMCID: PMC9948957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage elicits cell fate switching through a process called metaplasia, but how the starting cell fate is silenced and the new cell fate is activated has not been investigated in animals. In cell culture, pioneer transcription factors mediate "reprogramming" by opening new chromatin sites for expression that can attract transcription factors from the starting cell's enhancers. Here we report that Sox4 is sufficient to initiate hepatobiliary metaplasia in the adult liver. In lineage-traced cells, we assessed the timing of Sox4-mediated opening of enhancer chromatin versus enhancer decommissioning. Initially, Sox4 directly binds to and closes hepatocyte regulatory sequences via a motif it overlaps with Hnf4a, a hepatocyte master regulator. Subsequently, Sox4 exerts pioneer factor activity to open biliary regulatory sequences. The results delineate a hierarchy by which gene networks become reprogrammed under physiological conditions, providing deeper insight into the basis for cell fate transitions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenji Ito
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew Katznelson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allyson J. Merrell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Naomi Takenaka
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hector Cure
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qinglan Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irfan A. Asangani
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenneth S. Zaret
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
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22
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Gier RA, Hueros RAR, Rong J, DeMarshall M, Karakasheva TA, Muir AB, Falk GW, Zhang NR, Shaffer SM. Clonal cell states link Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.26.525564. [PMID: 36747708 PMCID: PMC9900873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is a common type of metaplasia and a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, the cell states and lineage connections underlying the origin, maintenance, and progression of Barrett's esophagus have not been resolved in humans. To address this, we performed single-cell lineage tracing and transcriptional profiling of patient cells isolated from metaplastic and healthy tissue. Our analysis revealed discrete lineages in Barrett's esophagus, normal esophagus, and gastric cardia. Transitional basal progenitor cells of the gastroesophageal junction were unexpectedly related to both esophagus and gastric cardia cells. Barrett's esophagus was polyclonal, with lineages that contained all progenitor and differentiated cell types. In contrast, precancerous dysplastic foci were initiated by the expansion of a single molecularly aberrant Barrett's esophagus clone. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive view of the cell dynamics of Barrett's esophagus, linking cell states along the full disease trajectory, from its origin to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Gier
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raúl A. Reyes Hueros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiazhen Rong
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen DeMarshall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana A. Karakasheva
- Gastrointestinal Epithelium Modeling Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Gastrointestinal Epithelium Modeling Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary W. Falk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy R. Zhang
- Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney M. Shaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Correia ACP, Straub D, Read M, Hoefnagel SJM, Romero-Pinedo S, Abadía-Molina AC, Clemons NJ, Wang K, Calpe S, Phillips W, Krishnadath KK. Inhibition of BMP2 and BMP4 Represses Barrett's Esophagus While Enhancing the Regeneration of Squamous Epithelium in Preclinical Models. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1199-1217. [PMID: 36706916 PMCID: PMC10060764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Barrett's esophagus is considered to be a metaplastic lesion that predisposes for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Development of Barrett's esophagus is considered to be driven by sonic hedgehog mediated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. We aimed to investigate in preclinical in vivo models whether targeting canonical BMP signaling could be an effective treatment for Barrett's esophagus. METHODS AND RESULTS Selective inhibition of BMP2 and BMP4 within an in vivo organoid model of Barrett's esophagus inhibited development of columnar Barrett's cells, while favoring expansion of squamous cells. Silencing of noggin, a natural antagonist of BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7, in a conditional knockout mouse model induced expansion of a Barrett's-like neo-columnar epithelium from multi-lineage glands. Conversely, in this model specific inhibition of BMP2 and BMP4 led to the development of a neo-squamous lineage. In an ablation model, inhibition of BMP2 and BMP4 resulted in the regeneration of neo-squamous epithelium after the cryoablation of columnar epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction. Through lineage tracing the generation of the neo-squamous mucosa was found to originate from K5+ progenitor squamous cells. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate that specific inhibitors of BMP2 and BMP4 attenuate the development of Barrett's columnar epithelium, providing a novel potential strategy for the treatment of Barrett's esophagus and the prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C P Correia
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Danielle Straub
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Read
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sanne J M Hoefnagel
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Salvador Romero-Pinedo
- Biomedical Research Centre, CIBM, Institute of Biomedicine and Regenerative Investigation, IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana C Abadía-Molina
- Biomedical Research Centre, CIBM, Institute of Biomedicine and Regenerative Investigation, IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenneth Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Calpe
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wayne Phillips
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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24
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Calà G, Sina B, De Coppi P, Giobbe GG, Gerli MFM. Primary human organoids models: Current progress and key milestones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1058970. [PMID: 36959902 PMCID: PMC10029057 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1058970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 10 years the world has experienced enormous progress in the organoids field. Human organoids have shown huge potential to study organ development, homeostasis and to model diseases in vitro. The organoid technology has been widely and increasingly applied to generate patient-specific in vitro 3D cultures, starting from both primary and reprogrammed stem/progenitor cells. This has consequently fostered the development of innovative disease models and new regenerative therapies. Human primary, or adult stem/progenitor cell-derived, organoids can be derived from both healthy and pathological primary tissue samples spanning from fetal to adult age. The resulting 3D culture can be maintained for several months and even years, while retaining and resembling its original tissue's properties. As the potential of this technology expands, new approaches are emerging to further improve organoid applications in biology and medicine. This review discusses the main organs and tissues which, as of today, have been modelled in vitro using primary organoid culture systems. Moreover, we also discuss the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of primary human organoids in the fields of developmental biology, disease modelling, drug testing and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calà
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Sina
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe, ; Mattia Francesco Maria Gerli,
| | - Mattia Francesco Maria Gerli
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe, ; Mattia Francesco Maria Gerli,
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25
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Weiner AI, Zhao G, Zayas HM, Holcomb NP, Adams-Tzivelekidis S, Wong J, Gentile ME, Reddy D, Wei J, Palashikar G, Quansah KK, Vaughan AE. ΔNp63 drives dysplastic alveolar remodeling and restricts epithelial plasticity upon severe lung injury. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111805. [PMID: 36516758 PMCID: PMC9808897 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung exhibits a robust, multifaceted regenerative response to severe injuries such as influenza infection, during which quiescent lung-resident epithelial progenitors participate in two distinct reparative pathways: functionally beneficial regeneration via alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell proliferation and differentiation, and dysplastic tissue remodeling via intrapulmonary airway-resident basal p63+ progenitors. Here we show that the basal cell transcription factor ΔNp63 is required for intrapulmonary basal progenitors to participate in dysplastic alveolar remodeling following injury. We find that ΔNp63 restricts the plasticity of intrapulmonary basal progenitors by maintaining either active or repressive histone modifications at key differentiation gene loci. Following loss of ΔNp63, intrapulmonary basal progenitors are capable of either airway or alveolar differentiation depending on their surrounding environment both in vitro and in vivo. Uncovering these regulatory mechanisms of dysplastic repair and lung basal cell fate choice highlight potential therapeutic targets to promote functional alveolar regeneration following severe lung injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron I Weiner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hanna M Zayas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas P Holcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie Adams-Tzivelekidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joanna Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria E Gentile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dyuthi Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joey Wei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gargi Palashikar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kwaku K Quansah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Mönkemüller K, Martínez-Alcalá Á, Unnewehr-Linares C, Fry LC. Endoscopic, histologic, and electron microscopic description of novel small vesicles with gastric heterotopia, intestinal metaplasia, and/or submucosal glands at the gastroesophageal junction. Endoscopy 2022; 54:E757-E758. [PMID: 35405760 DOI: 10.1055/a-1792-2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mönkemüller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ameos Teaching University Hospital (Otto-von-Guericke University - Magdeburg), Halberstadt, Germany.,Helios Frankenwaldklinikum, Kronach, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Unnewehr-Linares
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ameos Teaching University Hospital (Otto-von-Guericke University - Magdeburg), Halberstadt, Germany
| | - Lucía C Fry
- Helios Frankenwaldklinikum, Kronach, Germany
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Diao X. Mystery Behind Barrett's Esophagus: The Origin and Malignant Transformation of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:287-289. [PMID: 36567952 PMCID: PMC9771686 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayao Diao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Chen PN, Chen XY, Chen GX, Luo L, Yan QZ, Ruan P, Li P, Yu DH. Squamous–columnar junction of Von Ebner’s glands may be a significant origin of squamous cell carcinomas in the base of the tongue. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1029404. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1029404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe histological origin of base of the tongue (BOT) carcinomas is still elusive, and most studies have been focusing on the lingual tonsil. In this study, we sought to identify the existence of the squamous–columnar junction (SCJ) in the human Von Ebner’s glandular duct and explored the potential of that in forming squamous cell carcinomas in BOT.Materials and methodsThe specific genomes of BOT carcinoma were acquired and screened out by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis. The 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-treated mouse model was used to explore the transformation of SCJ during cancerization. We used immunohistochemistry to confirm the characteristics of SCJ in human Von Ebner’s gland, which were further compared with those in the anus and cervix.ResultsThe SCJ in the human Von Ebner’s glandular duct was found to be similar to that of the cervix and anus. The transformation zone in the 4-NQO-treated mouse model had a multilayered epithelium structure similar to that of HPV16-transgenic mice. In human, the transformation zone of Von Ebner’s gland is also similar to that of the cervix and anus.ConclusionIt is the first time that the existence of SCJ in the opening of the human Von Ebner’s glandular duct was confirmed. The SCJ of Von Ebner’s glands may be a significant origin of squamous cell carcinomas in BOT.
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Wei X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Cooper C, Brewer C, Tsai CF, Wang YT, Glaz M, Wessells HB, Que J, Titus MA, Cirulli V, Glaser A, Liu T, Reder NP, Creighton CJ, Xin L. Ablating Lgr5-expressing prostatic stromal cells activates the ERK-mediated mechanosensory signaling and disrupts prostate tissue homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111313. [PMID: 36070687 PMCID: PMC9491244 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional implication of stromal heterogeneity in the prostate remains incompletely understood. Using lineage tracing and light-sheet imaging, we show that some fibroblast cells at the mouse proximal prostatic ducts and prostatic urethra highly express Lgr5. Genetic ablation of these anatomically restricted stromal cells, but not nonselective ablation of prostatic stromal cells, rapidly induces prostate epithelial turnover and dedifferentiation that are reversed following spontaneous restoration of the Lgr5+ stromal cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicates that ablating the Lgr5+ stromal cells activates a mechanosensory response. Ablating the Lgr5+ stromal cells impairs the control of prostatic ductal outlet, increases prostate tissue stiffness, and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Suppressing MAPK overrides the elevated epithelial proliferation. In summary, the Lgr5+ stromal cells regulate prostate tissue homeostasis and maintain its functional integrity in a long-distance manner. Our study implies that the cells at organ junctions most likely control organ homeostasis by sustaining a balanced mechanoforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cody Cooper
- Alpenglow Biosciences, Inc., Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Chris Brewer
- Alpenglow Biosciences, Inc., Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Micah Glaz
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hunter B Wessells
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mark A Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Vincenzino Cirulli
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adam Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | | | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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Cui M, Yi X, Cao Z, Zhu D, Wu J, Raghavamenon AC. Targeting Strategies for Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming and the Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer: A Review. Journal of Oncology 2022; 2022:1-27. [PMID: 36106333 PMCID: PMC9467784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4257359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is of high importance to occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. As evidenced by recent studies, pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, AMPK, and Hippo) are critical to the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of esophageal cancer. In addition, the above pathways play a certain role in regulating esophageal cancer and act as potential therapeutic targets. Over the past few years, the function of lipid metabolism in controlling tumor cells and immune cells has aroused extensive attention. It has been reported that there are intricate interactions between lipid metabolism reprogramming between immune and esophageal cancer cells, whereas molecular mechanisms should be studied in depth. Immune cells have been commonly recognized as a vital player in the esophageal cancer microenvironment, having complex crosstalk with cancer cells. It is increasingly evidenced that the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is significantly correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism. In this review, the latest findings in lipid metabolism reprogramming in TME are summarized, and the above findings are linked to esophageal cancer progression. Aberrant lipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are likely to serve as a novel strategy to treat esophageal cancer through lipid metabolism reprogramming.
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Wang X, Gharahkhani P, Levine DM, Fitzgerald RC, Gockel I, Corley DA, Risch HA, Bernstein L, Chow WH, Onstad L, Shaheen NJ, Lagergren J, Hardie LJ, Wu AH, Pharoah PDP, Liu G, Anderson LA, Iyer PG, Gammon MD, Caldas C, Ye W, Barr H, Moayyedi P, Harrison R, Watson RGP, Attwood S, Chegwidden L, Love SB, MacDonald D, deCaestecker J, Prenen H, Ott K, Moebus S, Venerito M, Lang H, Mayershofer R, Knapp M, Veits L, Gerges C, Weismüller J, Reeh M, Nöthen MM, Izbicki JR, Manner H, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Böhmer AC, Hölscher AH, Anders M, Pech O, Schumacher B, Schmidt C, Schmidt T, Noder T, Lorenz D, Vieth M, May A, Hess T, Kreuser N, Becker J, Ell C, Tomlinson I, Palles C, Jankowski JA, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S, Schumacher J, Vaughan TL, Buas MF, Dai JY. eQTL Set-Based Association Analysis Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci for Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1735-1745. [PMID: 35709760 PMCID: PMC9444939 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 20 susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett esophagus (BE), explaining a small portion of heritability. METHODS Using genetic data from 4,323 BE and 4,116 EAC patients aggregated by international consortia including the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON), we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) for BE/EAC, leveraging Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) gene-expression data from six tissue types of plausible relevance to EAC etiology: mucosa and muscularis from the esophagus, gastroesophageal (GE) junction, stomach, whole blood, and visceral adipose. Two analytical approaches were taken: standard TWAS using the predicted gene expression from local expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and set-based SKAT association using selected eQTLs that predict the gene expression. RESULTS Although the standard approach did not identify significant signals, the eQTL set-based approach identified eight novel associations, three of which were validated in independent external data (eQTL SNP sets for EXOC3, ZNF641, and HSP90AA1). CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel genetic susceptibility loci for EAC and BE using an eQTL set-based genetic association approach. IMPACT This study expanded the pool of genetic susceptibility loci for EAC and BE, suggesting the potential of the eQTL set-based genetic association approach as an alternative method for TWAS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M. Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London
| | | | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley A. Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Northern Ireland
| | - Prasad G. Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Barr
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - RG Peter Watson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen Attwood
- Department of General Surgery, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon B. Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - David MacDonald
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John deCaestecker
- Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hans Prenen
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospitals, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Harzklinik Goslar, Goslar, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Hamburg. Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Frankfurt Hoechst Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnulf H. Hölscher
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Contilia Center for Esophageal Diseases. Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew F. Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - James Y. Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Abstract
Barrett oesophagus, in which a metaplastic columnar mucosa that can predispose individuals to cancer development lines a portion of the distal oesophagus, is the only known precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, the incidence of which has increased profoundly over the past several decades. Most evidence suggests that Barrett oesophagus develops from progenitor cells at the oesophagogastric junction that proliferate and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition as part of a wound-healing process that replaces oesophageal squamous epithelium damaged by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD also seems to induce reprogramming of key transcription factors in the progenitor cells, resulting in the development of the specialized intestinal metaplasia that is characteristic of Barrett oesophagus, probably through an intermediate step of metaplasia to cardiac mucosa. Genome-wide association studies suggest that patients with GERD who develop Barrett oesophagus might have an inherited predisposition to oesophageal metaplasia and that there is a shared genetic susceptibility to Barrett oesophagus and to several of its risk factors (such as GERD, obesity and cigarette smoking). In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms, pathophysiology, genetic predisposition and cells of origin of Barrett oesophagus, and opine on the clinical implications and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda F Souza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Oesophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Center for Oesophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Stuart J Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Oesophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Center for Oesophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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Hasebe K, Yamazaki K, Yamaguchi J, Kokuryo T, Yokoyama Y, Miyata K, Fukaya M, Nagino M, Ebata T. Trefoil factor 1 inhibits the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma from Barrett's epithelium. J Transl Med 2022; 102:885-895. [PMID: 35279702 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) is one of three members of the trefoil factor family that are abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium. Recent studies have shown that TFF1 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric, pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinogenesis; however, little is known about its function in esophageal carcinogenesis, especially in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Barrett's epithelium is the metaplastic columnar epithelium of the esophagus and a known premalignant lesion of EAC. To investigate the role of TFF1 in EAC development, a mouse model of Barrett's epithelium was employed, and human specimens of EAC were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation-specific PCR. Wild-type (WT) mice underwent gastrojejunostomy on the forestomach, resulting in the development of Barrett's epithelium-like (BE-like) epithelium adjacent to the anastomotic site. BE-like epithelium in these mice expressed TFF1, indicating the association of TFF1 with esophageal adenocarcinoma. TFF1-knockout (TFF1KO) mice underwent the same procedure as well, revealing that a deficiency in TFF1 resulted in the development of adenocarcinoma in the anastomotic site, presumably from BE-like epithelium. IHC of human samples revealed strong TFF1 expression in Barrett's epithelium, which was lost in some EACs, confirming the association between TFF1 and EAC development. Aberrant DNA hypermethylation in TFF1 promoter lesions was detected in TFF1-negative human EAC samples, further confirming not only the role of TFF1 in EAC but also the underlying mechanisms of TFF1 regulation. In addition, IHC revealed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in human and mouse EAC, suggesting that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was induced by the loss of TFF1. In conclusion, these results indicate that TFF1 functions as a tumor suppressor to inhibit the development of esophageal carcinogenesis from Barrett's epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hasebe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kokuryo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazushi Miyata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Fukaya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Sugano K, Spechler SJ, El-Omar EM, McColl KEL, Takubo K, Gotoda T, Fujishiro M, Iijima K, Inoue H, Kawai T, Kinoshita Y, Miwa H, Mukaisho KI, Murakami K, Seto Y, Tajiri H, Bhatia S, Choi MG, Fitzgerald RC, Fock KM, Goh KL, Ho KY, Mahachai V, O'Donovan M, Odze R, Peek R, Rugge M, Sharma P, Sollano JD, Vieth M, Wu J, Wu MS, Zou D, Kaminishi M, Malfertheiner P. Kyoto international consensus report on anatomy, pathophysiology and clinical significance of the gastro-oesophageal junction. Gut 2022; 71:1488-1514. [PMID: 35725291 PMCID: PMC9279854 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An international meeting was organised to develop consensus on (1) the landmarks to define the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), (2) the occurrence and pathophysiological significance of the cardiac gland, (3) the definition of the gastro-oesophageal junctional zone (GOJZ) and (4) the causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ. DESIGN Clinical questions relevant to the afore-mentioned major issues were drafted for which expert panels formulated relevant statements and textural explanations.A Delphi method using an anonymous system was employed to develop the consensus, the level of which was predefined as ≥80% of agreement. Two rounds of voting and amendments were completed before the meeting at which clinical questions and consensus were finalised. RESULTS Twenty eight clinical questions and statements were finalised after extensive amendments. Critical consensus was achieved: (1) definition for the GOJ, (2) definition of the GOJZ spanning 1 cm proximal and distal to the GOJ as defined by the end of palisade vessels was accepted based on the anatomical distribution of cardiac type gland, (3) chemical and bacterial (Helicobacter pylori) factors as the primary causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ, (4) a new definition of Barrett's oesophagus (BO). CONCLUSIONS This international consensus on the new definitions of BO, GOJ and the GOJZ will be instrumental in future studies aiming to resolve many issues on this important anatomic area and hopefully will lead to better classification and management of the diseases surrounding the GOJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sugano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth E L McColl
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Mukaisho
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yuhu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Tajiri
- Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke NUS School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Khek Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varocha Mahachai
- Center of Excellence in Digestive Diseases, Thammasat University and Science Resarch and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust UK, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Odze
- Department of Pathology, Tuft University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Peek
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jose D Sollano
- Department of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Nurenberg, Germany
| | - Justin Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Medizinixhe Klinik und Poliklinik II, Ludwig Maximillian University Klinikum, Munich, Germany,Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Ludwig Maximillian University Klinikum, Munich, Germany
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Ali MW, Chen J, Yan L, Wang X, Dai JY, Vaughan TL, Casey G, Buas MF. A risk variant for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma at chr8p23.1 affects enhancer activity and implicates multiple gene targets. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3975-3986. [PMID: 35766871 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nineteen genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Clinical translation of such discoveries, however, has been hindered by the slow pace of discovery of functional/causal variants and gene targets at these loci. We previously developed a systematic informatics pipeline to prioritize candidate functional variants using functional potential scores, applied the pipeline to select high-scoring BE/EAC risk loci, and validated a functional variant at chr19p13.11 (rs10423674). Here, we selected two additional prioritized loci for experimental interrogation: chr3p13/rs1522552 and chr8p23.1/rs55896564. Candidate enhancer regions encompassing these variants were evaluated using luciferase reporter assays in two EAC cell lines. One of the two regions tested exhibited allele-specific enhancer activity - 8p23.1/rs55896564. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the putative enhancer in EAC cell lines correlated with reduced expression of three candidate gene targets: B lymphocyte kinase (BLK), nei like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), and cathepsin B (CTSB). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping in normal esophagus and stomach revealed strong associations between the BE/EAC risk allele at rs55896564 (G) and lower expression of CTSB, a protease gene implicated in epithelial wound repair. These results further support the utility of functional potential scores for GWAS variant prioritization, and provide the first experimental evidence of a functional variant and risk enhancer at the 8p23.1 GWAS locus. Identification of CTSB, BLK, and NEIL2 as candidate gene targets suggests that altered expression of these genes may underlie the genetic risk association at 8p23.1 with BE/EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Wagdy Ali
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Y Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Han D, Zhang C. The Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Mechanisms in GERD-Induced Barrett's Esophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:885537. [PMID: 35721515 PMCID: PMC9199966 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.885537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is a major complication of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and an important precursor lesion for the development of Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Barrett's metaplasia remain unclear. Inflammation-associated oxidative DNA damage could contribute to Barrett's esophagus. It has been demonstrated that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs)-associated with ADP-ribosylation plays an important role in DNA damage and inflammatory response. A previous study indicated that there is inflammatory infiltration and oxidative DNA damage in the lower esophagus due to acid/bile reflux, and gastric acid could induce DNA damage in culture esophageal cells. This review will discuss the mechanisms of Barrett's metaplasia and adenocarcinoma underlying oxidative DNA damage in gastro-esophageal reflux disease patients based on recent clinical and basic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Han
- Department of General Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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37
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Liu CY, Girish N, Gomez ML, Dubé PE, Washington MK, Simons BD, Polk DB. Transitional Anal Cells Mediate Colonic Re-epithelialization in Colitis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1975-1989. [PMID: 35227778 PMCID: PMC9402284 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epithelial wound healing is compromised and represents an unleveraged therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal epithelial cells exhibit plasticity that facilitates dedifferentiation and repair during the response to injury. However, it is not known whether epithelial cells of a neighboring organ can be activated to mediate re-epithelialization in acute colitis. Histological findings of a permanent squamous tissue structure in the distal colon in human IBD could suggest diverse cellular origins of repair-associated epithelium. Here, we tested whether skin-like cells from the anus mediate colonic re-epithelialization in murine colitis. METHODS We studied dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and interleukin 10-deficient colitis in transgenic mice. We performed lineage tracing, 3-dimensional (3D) imaging, single-cell transcriptomics, and biophysical modeling to map squamous cell fates and to identify squamous cell types involved in colonic repair. RESULTS In acute and chronic colitis, we found a large squamous epithelium, called squamous neo-epithelium of the colon (SNEC), near the anorectal junction. Neighboring squamous cells of the anus rapidly migrate into the ulcerated colon and establish this permanent epithelium of crypt-like morphology. These squamous cells derive from a small unique transition zone, distal to the border of colonic and anal epithelium, that resists colitic injury. The cells of this zone have a pre-loaded program of colonic differentiation and further upregulate key aspects of colonic epithelium during repair. CONCLUSION Transitional anal cells represent unique reserve cells capable of rebuilding epithelial structures in the colon after colitis. Further study of these cells could reveal novel approaches to direct mucosal healing in inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nandini Girish
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Marie L Gomez
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Philip E Dubé
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Martínez-Domínguez SJ, Lanas Á, Domper-Arnal MJ. Esófago de Barrett, hacia la mejora de la práctica clínica. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 159:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Since the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the late past century, cancer research has been overwhelmingly focused on the genetics and biology of tumor cells and hence has addressed mostly cell-autonomous processes with emphasis on traditional driver/passenger genetic models. Nevertheless, over that same period, multiple seminal observations have accumulated highlighting the role of non-cell autonomous effectors in tumor growth and metastasis. However, given that cell autonomous and non-autonomous events are observed together at the time of diagnosis, it is in fact impossible to know whether the malignant transformation is initiated by cell autonomous oncogenic events or by non-cell autonomous conditions generated by alterations of the tissue-body ecosystem. This review aims at addressing this issue by taking the option of defining malignancy as a complex genetic trait incorporating genetically determined reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and tissue-body ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Feunteun
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Pauline Ostyn
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Kütting F, Gebauer F, Zweerink S, Krämer L, Schramm C, Quaas A, Bruns C, Goeser T, Nierhoff D. Expression of Neighbor of Punc E11 (NOPE) in early stage esophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with reduced survival. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3584. [PMID: 35246597 PMCID: PMC8897453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Current recommendations suggest neoadjuvant treatment in node-positive esophageal cancer or tumors staged T3 and upwards but some T2 N0 patients might benefit from neoadjuvant therapy. It is of clinical relevance to identify this subgroup. Loss of epithelial apicobasal polarity is a key factor in the development of invasive capabilities of carcinoma. The oncofetal stem/progenitor cell marker NOPE is expressed in adult depolarized murine hepatocytes and in murine/human hepatocellular carcinoma. We analyzed NOPE expression in 363 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma using an RNA Scope Assay on a tissue microarray and correlated results with clinical data. Median follow-up was 57.7 months with a 5-year survival rate of 26.6%. NOPE was detectable in 32 patients (8.8%). In pT1/2 stages, NOPE expression was associated with a significantly reduced median OS of 6.3 months (95% CI 1.2–19.4 months), the median OS is not reached in the NOPE-negative group (calculated mean OS 117.1 months) (P = 0.012). In advanced tumor stages, a NOPE dependent survival difference was not detected. This is the first report of NOPE expression demonstrating a prognostic value in esophageal cancer. Early stage, NOPE positive patients are at a high risk of tumor progression and may benefit from neoadjuvant treatment analogous to advanced stage cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kütting
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Zweerink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laurenz Krämer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Nierhoff
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Tambunting L, Kelleher D, Duggan SP. The Immune Underpinnings of Barrett's-Associated Adenocarcinogenesis: a Retrial of Nefarious Immunologic Co-Conspirators. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1297-315. [PMID: 35123116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
There is no doubt that chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) by several fold (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% CI, 4.6-9.1), and some relationships between reflux disease-mediated inflammation and oncogenic processes have been explored; however, the precise interconnections between the immune response and genomic instabilities underlying these pathologic processes only now are emerging. Furthermore, the precise cell of origin of the precancerous stages associated with EAC development, Barrett's esophagus, be it cardia resident or embryonic remnant, may shape our interpretation of the likely immune drivers. This review integrates the current collective knowledge of the immunology underlying EAC development and outlines a framework connecting proinflammatory pathways, such as those mediated by interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin 6, signal transduction and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB, cyclooxygenase-2, and transforming growth factor β, with oncogenic pathways in the gastroesophageal reflux disease-Barrett's esophagus-EAC cancer sequence. Further defining these immune and molecular railroads may show a map of the routes taken by gastroesophageal cells on their journey toward EAC tumor phylogeny. The selective pressures applied by this immune-induced journey likely impact the phenotype and genotype of the resulting oncogenic destination and further exploration of lesser-defined immune drivers may be useful in future individualized therapies or enhanced selective application of recent immune-driven therapeutics.
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Schmidt M, Hackett RJ, Baker AM, McDonald SAC, Quante M, Graham TA. Evolutionary dynamics in Barrett oesophagus: implications for surveillance, risk stratification and therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:95-111. [PMID: 34728819 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is a dynamic evolutionary process characterized by marked intratumoural heterogeneity at the genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic levels. Barrett oesophagus, the pre-malignant condition to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), is an exemplary system to longitudinally study the evolution of malignancy. Evidence has emerged of Barrett oesophagus lesions pre-programmed for progression to EAC many years before clinical detection, indicating a considerable window for therapeutic intervention. In this Review, we explore the mechanisms underlying clonal expansion and contraction that establish the Barrett oesophagus clonal mosaicism over time and space and discuss intrinsic genotypic and extrinsic environmental drivers that direct the evolutionary trajectory of Barrett oesophagus towards a malignant phenotype. We propose that understanding and exploiting the evolutionary dynamics of Barrett oesophagus will identify novel therapeutic targets, improve prognostic tools and offer the opportunity for personalized surveillance programmes geared to prevent progression to EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schmidt
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Richard J Hackett
- Clonal Dynamics in Epithelia Group; Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Baker
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stuart A C McDonald
- Clonal Dynamics in Epithelia Group; Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Universitaetsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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ten Kate CA, de Klein A, de Graaf BM, Doukas M, Koivusalo A, Pakarinen MP, van der Helm R, Brands T, IJsselstijn H, van Bever Y, Wijnen RM, Spaander MC, Brosens E. Intrinsic Cellular Susceptibility to Barrett's Esophagus in Adults Born with Esophageal Atresia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030513. [PMID: 35158780 PMCID: PMC8833471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We investigated the increased prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus in adults with esophageal atresia. A higher polygenic risk score and disturbances in inflammatory, stress response and oncological pathways upon acid exposure suggest a genetic susceptibility and increased induction of inflammatory processes. Although further research is required to explore this hypothesis, this could be a first-step into selecting patients that are more at risk to develop Barrett’s esophagus and/or esophageal carcinoma. Currently, an endoscopic screening and surveillance program is in practice in our institution for patients born with esophageal atresia, to early detect (pre)malignant lesions. Since recurrent endoscopies can be a burden for the patient, selecting patients by for example genetic susceptibility would allow to only include those at risk in future practice. Abstract The prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in adults born with esophageal atresia (EA) is four times higher than in the general population and presents at a younger age (34 vs. 60 years). This is (partly) a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Given the overlap between genes and pathways involved in foregut and BE development, we hypothesized that EA patients have an intrinsic predisposition to develop BE. Transcriptomes of Esophageal biopsies of EA patients with BE (n = 19, EA/BE); EA patients without BE (n = 44, EA-only) and BE patients without EA (n = 10, BE-only) were compared by RNA expression profiling. Subsequently, we simulated a reflux episode by exposing fibroblasts of 3 EA patients and 3 controls to acidic conditions. Transcriptome responses were compared to the differential expressed transcripts in the biopsies. Predisposing single nucleotide polymorphisms, associated with BE, were slightly increased in EA/BE versus BE-only patients. RNA expression profiling and pathway enrichment analysis revealed differences in retinoic acid metabolism and downstream signaling pathways and inflammatory, stress response and oncological processes. There was a similar effect on retinoic acid signaling and immune response in EA patients upon acid exposure. These results indicate that epithelial tissue homeostasis in EA patients is more prone to acidic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A. ten Kate
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care Children, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.t.K.); (H.I.); (R.M.H.W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Bianca M. de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Antti Koivusalo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki, Children’s Hospital, 281, 000290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Mikko P. Pakarinen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki, Children’s Hospital, 281, 000290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Robert van der Helm
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Tom Brands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Hanneke IJsselstijn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care Children, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.t.K.); (H.I.); (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - René M.H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care Children, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.t.K.); (H.I.); (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Manon C.W. Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-70-37643
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Fang Y, Shao H, Wu Q, Wong NC, Tsong N, Sime PJ, Que J. Epithelial Wntless regulates postnatal alveologenesis. Development 2022; 149:273807. [PMID: 34931663 PMCID: PMC8881739 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveologenesis requires the coordinated modulation of the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments to generate mature alveolar saccules for efficient gas exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during alveologenesis are poorly understood. Here, we report that Wnts produced by epithelial cells are crucial for neonatal alveologenesis. Deletion of the Wnt chaperone protein Wntless homolog (Wls) disrupts alveolar formation, resulting in enlarged saccules in Sftpc-Cre/Nkx2.1-Cre; Wlsloxp/loxp mutants. Although commitment of the alveolar epithelium is unaffected, α-SMA+ mesenchymal cells persist in the alveoli, accompanied by increased collagen deposition, and mutants exhibit exacerbated fibrosis following bleomycin challenge. Notably, α-SMA+ cells include a significant number of endothelial cells resembling endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which is also present in Ager-CreER; Wlsloxp/loxp mutants following early postnatal Wls deletion. These findings provide initial evidence that epithelial-derived Wnts are crucial for the differentiation of the surrounding mesenchyme during early postnatal alveologenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Fang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Neng Chun Wong
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalie Tsong
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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45
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Sugimoto S, Iwao Y, Shimoda M, Takabayashi K, Sato T, Kanai T. Epithelium Replacement Contributes to Field Expansion of Squamous Epithelium and Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:334-337.e5. [PMID: 34597671 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Iwao
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Singh H, Seruggia D, Madha S, Saxena M, Nagaraja AK, Wu Z, Zhou J, Huebner AJ, Maglieri A, Wezenbeek J, Hochedlinger K, Orkin SH, Bass AJ, Hornick JL, Shivdasani RA. Transcription factor-mediated intestinal metaplasia and the role of a shadow enhancer. Genes Dev 2021; 36:38-52. [PMID: 34969824 PMCID: PMC8763054 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348983.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Here, Singh et al. show extensive but selective recruitment of intestinal enhancers by CDX2 in gastric cells and that HNF4A-mediated ectopic CDX2 expression in the stomach occurs through a conserved shadow cis-element. These findings identify mechanisms for TF-driven intestinal metaplasia and a likely pathogenic TF hierarchy. Barrett's esophagus (BE) and gastric intestinal metaplasia are related premalignant conditions in which areas of human stomach epithelium express mixed gastric and intestinal features. Intestinal transcription factors (TFs) are expressed in both conditions, with unclear causal roles and cis-regulatory mechanisms. Ectopic CDX2 reprogrammed isogenic mouse stomach organoid lines to a hybrid stomach–intestinal state transcriptionally similar to clinical metaplasia; squamous esophageal organoids resisted this CDX2-mediated effect. Reprogramming was associated with induced activity at thousands of previously inaccessible intestine-restricted enhancers, where CDX2 occupied DNA directly. HNF4A, a TF recently implicated in BE pathogenesis, induced weaker intestinalization by binding a novel shadow Cdx2 enhancer and hence activating Cdx2 expression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated germline deletion of that cis-element demonstrated its requirement in Cdx2 induction and in the resulting activation of intestinal genes in stomach cells. dCas9-conjugated KRAB repression mapped this activity to the shadow enhancer's HNF4A binding site. Altogether, we show extensive but selective recruitment of intestinal enhancers by CDX2 in gastric cells and that HNF4A-mediated ectopic CDX2 expression in the stomach occurs through a conserved shadow cis-element. These findings identify mechanisms for TF-driven intestinal metaplasia and a likely pathogenic TF hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshabad Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Davide Seruggia
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Madhurima Saxena
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ankur K Nagaraja
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Aaron J Huebner
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Adrianna Maglieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Juliette Wezenbeek
- Hubretch Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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47
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Fang Y, Li W, Chen X. P63 Deficiency and CDX2 Overexpression Lead to Barrett's-Like Metaplasia in Mouse Esophageal Epithelium. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:4263-4273. [PMID: 33469811 PMCID: PMC8286978 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular origin and molecular mechanisms of Barrett's esophagus (BE) are still controversial. Trans-differentiation is a mechanism characterized by activation of the intestinal differentiation program and inactivation of the squamous differentiation program. AIMS Renal capsule grafting (RCG) was used to elucidate whether CDX2 overexpression on the basis of P63 deficiency in the esophageal epithelium may generate intestinal metaplasia. METHODS P63-/-;Villin-Cdx2 embryos were generated by crossing P63+/- mice with Villin-Cdx2 mice. E18.5 esophagus was xenografted in a renal capsule grafting (RCG) model. At 1, 2, or 4 weeks after RCG, the mouse esophagus was immunostained for a proliferation marker (BrdU), squamous transcription factors (SOX2, PAX9), squamous differentiation markers (CK5, CK4, and CK1), intestinal transcription factors (CDX1, HNF1α, HNF4α, GATA4, and GATA6), intestinal columnar epithelial cell markers (A33, CK8), goblet cell marker (MUC2, TFF3), Paneth cell markers (LYZ and SOX9), enteroendocrine cell marker (CHA), and Tuft cell marker (DCAMKL1). RESULTS The P63-/-;Villin-Cdx2 RCG esophagus was lined with proliferating PAS/AB+ cuboidal cells and formed an intestinal crypt-like structure. The goblet cell markers (TFF3 and MUC2) and intestinal transcription factors (CDX1, HNF1α, HNF4α, GATA4, and GATA6) were expressed although no typical morphology of goblet cells was observed. Other intestinal cell markers including enteroendocrine cell marker (CHA), Paneth cell markers (LYZ and Sox9), and intestinal secretory cell marker (UEA/WGA) were also expressed in the P63-/-;Villin-Cdx2 RCG esophagus. Squamous cell markers (PAX9 and SOX2) were also expressed, suggesting a transitional phenotype. CONCLUSION CDX2 overexpression on the basis of P63 deficiency in esophageal epithelial cells induces Barrett's-like metaplasia in vivo. Additional factors may be needed to drive this transitional phenotype into full-blown BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400045, China,Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707. USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, 960 Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, Jinan 250031, China,Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707. USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707. USA
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48
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Wang H, DeFina SM, Bajpai M, Yan Q, Yang L, Zhou Z. DNA methylation markers in esophageal cancer: an emerging tool for cancer surveillance and treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5644-5658. [PMID: 34873485 PMCID: PMC8640794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most pervasive cancers in the world, with upwards of 500,000 new diagnoses, annually. Despite its prominence, advancements in the detection and treatment of EC have been marginal over the past 30 years and the survival rate continues to stay below 20%. This is due to the uncommonly heterogeneous presentation of EC which presents unprecedented challenges in improving patient survival and quality of care. However, distinct epigenetic alterations to the DNA methylome may provide an avenue to drastically improve the detection and treatment of EC. Specifically, the creation of novel biomarker panels that consist of EC-specific methylation markers have shown promise as a potential alternative to the more invasive, contemporary diagnostic methods. Additionally, growing insight into the biological and clinical properties of EC-specific methylation patterns have opened a window of opportunity for enhanced treatment; of growing interest is the application of "DNMT inhibitors" - a class of drugs which inhibit excessive methylation and have been shown to re-sensitize chemoresistant tumors. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current advancements in EC DNA methylation to underscore a potential approach to its detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Samuel M DeFina
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Manisha Bajpai
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, United States
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49
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Zhang Y, Zhang PS, Rong ZY, Huang C. One stomach, two subtypes of carcinoma—the differences between distal and proximal gastric cancer. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 9:489-504. [PMID: 34925847 PMCID: PMC8677565 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, posing a significant risk to human health. Over the past 10 years, the pathological characteristics and the prognosis of GC have been determined based on the locations of the tumors that were then classified into two types—proximal and distal GC. This review focuses on the differences in epidemiology, etiology, cell source, pathological characteristics, gene expression, molecular markers, manifestations, treatment, prognosis, and prevention between proximal and distal GC to provide guidance and a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Shan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yin Rong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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50
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Abstract
Cancer cells are shaped through an evolutionary process of DNA mutation, cell selection and population expansion. Early steps in this process are driven by a set of mutated driver genes and structural alterations to the genome through copy number gains or losses. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and the pre-invasive tissue, Barrett's oesophagus (BE), provide an ideal example in which to observe and study this evolution. BE displays early genomic instability, specifically in copy number changes that may later be observed in EAC. Furthermore, these early changes result in patterns of progression (that is, 'born bad', gradual or catastrophic) that may help to describe the evolution of EAC. As only a small proportion of patients with BE will go on to develop cancer, a better understanding of these patterns and the resulting genomic changes should improve early detection in EAC and may provide clues for the evolution of cancer more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Killcoyne
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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