1
|
Schröder J, Chegwidden L, Maj C, Gehlen J, Speller J, Böhmer AC, Borisov O, Hess T, Kreuser N, Venerito M, Alakus H, May A, Gerges C, Schmidt T, Thieme R, Heider D, Hillmer AM, Reingruber J, Lyros O, Dietrich A, Hoffmeister A, Mehdorn M, Lordick F, Stocker G, Hohaus M, Reim D, Kandler J, Müller M, Ebigbo A, Fuchs C, Bruns CJ, Hölscher AH, Lang H, Grimminger PP, Dakkak D, Vashist Y, May S, Görg S, Franke A, Ellinghaus D, Galavotti S, Veits L, Weismüller J, Dommermuth J, Benner U, Rösch T, Messmann H, Schumacher B, Neuhaus H, Schmidt C, Wissinowski TT, Nöthen MM, Dong J, Ong JS, Buas MF, Thrift AP, Vaughan TL, Tomlinson I, Whiteman DC, Fitzgerald RC, Jankowski J, Vieth M, Mayr A, Gharahkhani P, MacGregor S, Gockel I, Palles C, Schumacher J. GWAS meta-analysis of 16 790 patients with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma identifies 16 novel genetic risk loci and provides insights into disease aetiology beyond the single marker level. Gut 2023; 72:612-623. [PMID: 35882562 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oesophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), with Barrett's oesophagus (BE) as a precursor lesion, is the most prevalent EC subtype in the Western world. This study aims to contribute to better understand the genetic causes of BE/EA by leveraging genome wide association studies (GWAS), genetic correlation analyses and polygenic risk modelling. DESIGN We combined data from previous GWAS with new cohorts, increasing the sample size to 16 790 BE/EA cases and 32 476 controls. We also carried out a transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) using expression data from disease-relevant tissues to identify BE/EA candidate genes. To investigate the relationship with reported BE/EA risk factors, a linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) analysis was performed. BE/EA risk models were developed combining clinical/lifestyle risk factors with polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the GWAS meta-analysis. RESULTS The GWAS meta-analysis identified 27 BE and/or EA risk loci, 11 of which were novel. The TWAS identified promising BE/EA candidate genes at seven GWAS loci and at five additional risk loci. The LDSR analysis led to the identification of novel genetic correlations and pointed to differences in BE and EA aetiology. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease appeared to contribute stronger to the metaplastic BE transformation than to EA development. Finally, combining PRS with BE/EA risk factors improved the performance of the risk models. CONCLUSION Our findings provide further insights into BE/EA aetiology and its relationship to risk factors. The results lay the foundation for future follow-up studies to identify underlying disease mechanisms and improving risk prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlo Maj
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Gehlen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Speller
- Institute of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Clinic Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rene Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Heider
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Reingruber
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Mehdorn
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gertraud Stocker
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Hohaus
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Städt. Klinikum Dresden Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Reim
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
| | - Jennis Kandler
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Müller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, University Hospital Marburg and Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alanna Ebigbo
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department for General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth-Krankenhaus-Essen GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter P Grimminger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dani Dakkak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Siegfried Görg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sara Galavotti
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo Benner
- Gastroenterologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Messmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt
- Medical Clinic II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Infektiology), Klinikum Fulda, University Medicine Marburg-Campus Fulda, Fulda, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jing Dong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, and Genomic Sciences & Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Claire Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayr
- Institute of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Gharahkhani P, Levine DM, Fitzgerald RC, Gockel I, Corley DA, Risch HA, Bernstein L, Chow WH, Onstad L, Shaheen NJ, Lagergren J, Hardie LJ, Wu AH, Pharoah PDP, Liu G, Anderson LA, Iyer PG, Gammon MD, Caldas C, Ye W, Barr H, Moayyedi P, Harrison R, Watson RGP, Attwood S, Chegwidden L, Love SB, MacDonald D, deCaestecker J, Prenen H, Ott K, Moebus S, Venerito M, Lang H, Mayershofer R, Knapp M, Veits L, Gerges C, Weismüller J, Reeh M, Nöthen MM, Izbicki JR, Manner H, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Böhmer AC, Hölscher AH, Anders M, Pech O, Schumacher B, Schmidt C, Schmidt T, Noder T, Lorenz D, Vieth M, May A, Hess T, Kreuser N, Becker J, Ell C, Tomlinson I, Palles C, Jankowski JA, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S, Schumacher J, Vaughan TL, Buas MF, Dai JY. eQTL Set-Based Association Analysis Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci for Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1735-1745. [PMID: 35709760 PMCID: PMC9444939 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 20 susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett esophagus (BE), explaining a small portion of heritability. METHODS Using genetic data from 4,323 BE and 4,116 EAC patients aggregated by international consortia including the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON), we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) for BE/EAC, leveraging Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) gene-expression data from six tissue types of plausible relevance to EAC etiology: mucosa and muscularis from the esophagus, gastroesophageal (GE) junction, stomach, whole blood, and visceral adipose. Two analytical approaches were taken: standard TWAS using the predicted gene expression from local expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and set-based SKAT association using selected eQTLs that predict the gene expression. RESULTS Although the standard approach did not identify significant signals, the eQTL set-based approach identified eight novel associations, three of which were validated in independent external data (eQTL SNP sets for EXOC3, ZNF641, and HSP90AA1). CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel genetic susceptibility loci for EAC and BE using an eQTL set-based genetic association approach. IMPACT This study expanded the pool of genetic susceptibility loci for EAC and BE, suggesting the potential of the eQTL set-based genetic association approach as an alternative method for TWAS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M. Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London
| | | | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley A. Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Northern Ireland
| | - Prasad G. Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Barr
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - RG Peter Watson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen Attwood
- Department of General Surgery, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon B. Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - David MacDonald
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John deCaestecker
- Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hans Prenen
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospitals, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Harzklinik Goslar, Goslar, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Hamburg. Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Frankfurt Hoechst Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnulf H. Hölscher
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Contilia Center for Esophageal Diseases. Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew F. Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - James Y. Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dighe SG, Chen J, Yan L, He Q, Gharahkhani P, Onstad L, Levine DM, Palles C, Ye W, Gammon MD, Iyer PG, Anderson LA, Liu G, Wu AH, Dai JY, Chow WH, Risch HA, Lagergren J, Shaheen NJ, Bernstein L, Corley DA, Prenen H, deCaestecker J, MacDonald D, Moayyedi P, Barr H, Love SB, Chegwidden L, Attwood S, Watson P, Harrison R, Ott K, Moebus S, Venerito M, Lang H, Mayershofer R, Knapp M, Veits L, Gerges C, Weismüller J, Gockel I, Vashist Y, Nöthen MM, Izbicki JR, Manner H, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Böhmer AC, Hölscher AH, Anders M, Pech O, Schumacher B, Schmidt C, Schmidt T, Noder T, Lorenz D, Vieth M, May A, Hess T, Kreuser N, Becker J, Ell C, Ambrosone CB, Moysich KB, MacGregor S, Tomlinson I, Whiteman DC, Jankowski J, Schumacher J, Vaughan TL, Madeleine MM, Hardie LJ, Buas MF. Germline variation in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2020; 42:369-377. [PMID: 33300568 PMCID: PMC8052954 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), have uncovered significant genetic components of risk, but most heritability remains unexplained. Targeted assessment of genetic variation in biologically relevant pathways using novel analytical approaches may identify missed susceptibility signals. Central obesity, a key BE/EAC risk factor, is linked to systemic inflammation, altered hormonal signaling and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis dysfunction. Here, we assessed IGF-related genetic variation and risk of BE and EAC. Principal component analysis was employed to evaluate pathway-level and gene-level associations with BE/EAC, using genotypes for 270 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near 12 IGF-related genes, ascertained from 3295 BE cases, 2515 EAC cases and 3207 controls in the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) GWAS. Gene-level signals were assessed using Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) and SNP summary statistics from BEACON and an expanded GWAS meta-analysis (6167 BE cases, 4112 EAC cases, 17 159 controls). Global variation in the IGF pathway was associated with risk of BE (P = 0.0015). Gene-level associations with BE were observed for GHR (growth hormone receptor; P = 0.00046, false discovery rate q = 0.0056) and IGF1R (IGF1 receptor; P = 0.0090, q = 0.0542). These gene-level signals remained significant at q < 0.1 when assessed using data from the largest available BE/EAC GWAS meta-analysis. No significant associations were observed for EAC. This study represents the most comprehensive evaluation to date of inherited genetic variation in the IGF pathway and BE/EAC risk, providing novel evidence that variation in two genes encoding cell-surface receptors, GHR and IGF1R, may influence risk of BE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti G Dighe
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qianchuan He
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Y Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Surgery, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA,Gastroenterology, San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hans Prenen
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - John deCaestecker
- Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David MacDonald
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh Barr
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Sharon B Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Attwood
- Department of General Surgery, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Peter Watson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Biometry and Epidemiology, Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospitals, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of Surgery, Asklepios Harzklinik Goslar, Goslar, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Frankfurt Hoechst Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Contilia Center for Esophageal Diseases. Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- Division of Medicine Kings Mill Hospital, Sherwood Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottinghamshire, UK,Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK,Dean’s Office, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), AL Ain, UAE
| | | | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret M Madeleine
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Correspondence may also be addressed to Laura J. Hardie. Tel: +44(0)113 343 7769;
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 716-845-4754;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schröder J, Schüller V, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Becker J, Hess T, Kreuser N, Thieme R, Ludwig KU, Noder T, Venerito M, Veits L, Schmidt T, Fuchs C, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Dakkak D, Jansen-Winkeln B, Moulla Y, Lyros O, Niebisch S, Mehdorn M, Lang H, Lorenz D, Schumacher B, Mayershofer R, Vashist Y, Ott K, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Mangold E, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Knapp M, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, Gockel I, Schumacher J, Böhmer AC. Identification of loci of functional relevance to Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: Cross-referencing of expression quantitative trait loci data from disease-relevant tissues with genetic association data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227072. [PMID: 31891614 PMCID: PMC6938334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and its precancerous condition Barrett's esophagus (BE) are multifactorial diseases with rising prevalence rates in Western populations. A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data identified 14 BE/EA risk loci located in non-coding genomic regions. Knowledge about the impact of non-coding variation on disease pathology is incomplete and needs further investigation. The aim of the present study was (i) to identify candidate genes of functional relevance to BE/EA at known risk loci and (ii) to find novel risk loci among the suggestively associated variants through the integration of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and genetic association data. eQTL data from two BE/EA-relevant tissues (esophageal mucosa and gastroesophageal junction) generated within the context of the GTEx project were cross-referenced with the GWAS meta-analysis data. Variants representing an eQTL in at least one of the two tissues were categorized into genome-wide significant loci (P < 5×10-8) and novel candidate loci (5×10-8 ≤ P ≤ 5×10-5). To follow up these novel candidate loci, a genetic association study was performed in a replication cohort comprising 1,993 cases and 967 controls followed by a combined analysis with the GWAS meta-analysis data. The cross-referencing of eQTL and genetic data yielded 2,180 variants that represented 25 loci. Among the previously reported genome-wide significant loci, 22 eQTLs were identified in esophageal mucosa and/or gastroesophageal junction tissue. The regulated genes, most of which have not been linked to BE/EA etiology so far, included C2orf43/LDAH, ZFP57, and SLC9A3. Among the novel candidate loci, replication was achieved for two variants (rs7754014, Pcombined = 3.16×10-7 and rs1540, Pcombined = 4.16×10-6) which represent eQTLs for CFDP1 and SLC22A3, respectively. In summary, the present approach identified candidate genes whose expression was regulated by risk variants in disease-relevant tissues. These findings may facilitate the elucidation of BE/EA pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vitalia Schüller
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral, and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H. Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral, and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dani Dakkak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusef Moulla
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Niebisch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Mehdorn
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Böhmer AC, Hecker J, Schröder J, Gharahkhani P, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Becker J, Hess T, Kreuser N, Thieme R, Noder T, Venerito M, Veits L, Schmidt T, Fuchs C, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Dietrich A, Moulla Y, Lyros O, Lang H, Lorenz D, Schumacher B, Mayershofer R, Vashist Y, Ott K, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Moebus S, Knapp M, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, Nöthen MM, Whiteman DC, Tomlinson I, Jankowski J, Fitzgerald RC, Palles C, Vaughan TL, Gockel I, Thrift AP, Fier H, Schumacher J. Shared Genetic Etiology of Obesity-Related Traits and Barrett's Esophagus/Adenocarcinoma: Insights from Genome-Wide Association Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:427-433. [PMID: 31748258 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE). Research suggests that individuals with high genetic risk to obesity have a higher BE/EA risk. To facilitate understanding of biological factors that lead to progression from BE to EA, the present study investigated the shared genetic background of BE/EA and obesity-related traits. METHODS Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to summary statistics from genome-wide association meta-analyses on BE/EA and on obesity traits. Body mass index (BMI) was used as a proxy for general obesity, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for abdominal obesity. For single marker analyses, all genome-wide significant risk alleles for BMI and WHR were compared with summary statistics of the BE/EA meta-analyses. RESULTS Sex-combined analyses revealed a significant genetic correlation between BMI and BE/EA (rg = 0.13, P = 2 × 10-04) and a rg of 0.12 between WHR and BE/EA (P = 1 × 10-02). Sex-specific analyses revealed a pronounced genetic correlation between BMI and EA in females (rg = 0.17, P = 1.2 × 10-03), and WHR and EA in males (rg = 0.18, P = 1.51 × 10-02). On the single marker level, significant enrichment of concordant effects was observed for BMI and BE/EA risk variants (P = 8.45 × 10-03) and WHR and BE/EA risk variants (P = 2 × 10-02). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for sex-specific genetic correlations that might reflect specific biological mecha-nisms. The data demonstrate that shared genetic factors are particularly relevant in progression from BE to EA. IMPACT Our study quantifies the genetic correlation between BE/EA and obesity. Further research is now warranted to elucidate these effects and to understand the shared pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Hecker
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusef Moulla
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- University of Central Lancashire, Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Moor Row, United Kingdom.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Heide Fier
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong J, Gharahkhani P, Chow WH, Gammon MD, Liu G, Caldas C, Wu AH, Ye W, Onstad L, Anderson LA, Bernstein L, Pharoah PD, Risch HA, Corley DA, Fitzgerald RC, Iyer PG, Reid BJ, Lagergren J, Shaheen NJ, Vaughan TL, MacGregor S, Love S, Palles C, Tomlinson I, Gockel I, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Böhmer AC, Becker J, Kreuser N, Thieme R, Noder T, Venerito M, Veits L, Schmidt T, Schmidt C, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Lang H, Lorenz D, Schumacher B, Mayershofer R, Vashist Y, Ott K, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Knapp M, Peters WHM, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, Jankowski J, Schumacher J, Neale RE, Whiteman DC, Thrift AP. No Association Between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Barrett's Esophagus or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:2227-2235.e1. [PMID: 30716477 PMCID: PMC6675666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiology studies of circulating concentrations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have produced conflicting results. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to determine the associations between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and risks of EAC and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization study using a 2-sample (summary data) approach. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs3755967, rs10741657, rs12785878, rs10745742, rs8018720, and rs17216707) associated with circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D were used as instrumental variables. We collected data from 6167 patients with BE, 4112 patients with EAC, and 17,159 individuals without BE or EAC (controls) participating in the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium, as well as studies from Bonn, Germany, and Cambridge and Oxford, United Kingdom. Analyses were performed separately for BE and EAC. RESULTS Overall, we found no evidence for an association between genetically estimated 25(OH)D concentration and risk of BE or EAC. The odds ratio per 20 nmol/L increase in genetically estimated 25(OH)D concentration for BE risk estimated by combining the individual SNP association using inverse variance weighting was 1.21 (95% CI, 0.77-1.92; P = .41). The odds ratio for EAC risk, estimated by combining the individual SNP association using inverse variance weighting, was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.39-1.19; P = .18). CONCLUSIONS In a Mendelian randomization study, we found that low genetically estimated 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with risk of BE or EAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison-Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian J Reid
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon Love
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rene Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilbert H M Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Cancer Aetiology and Prevention, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An J, Gharahkhani P, Law MH, Ong JS, Han X, Olsen CM, Neale RE, Lai J, Vaughan TL, Gockel I, Thieme R, Böhmer AC, Jankowski J, Fitzgerald RC, Schumacher J, Palles C, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S. Gastroesophageal reflux GWAS identifies risk loci that also associate with subsequent severe esophageal diseases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4219. [PMID: 31527586 PMCID: PMC6746768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by gastric acid entering the esophagus. GERD has high prevalence and is the major risk factor for Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We conduct a large GERD GWAS meta-analysis (80,265 cases, 305,011 controls), identifying 25 independent genome-wide significant loci for GERD. Several of the implicated genes are existing or putative drug targets. Loci discovery is greatest with a broad GERD definition (including cases defined by self-report or medication data). Further, 91% of the GERD risk-increasing alleles also increase BE and/or EA risk, greatly expanding gene discovery for these traits. Our results map genes for GERD and related traits and uncover potential new drug targets for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan An
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xikun Han
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Cancer Aetiology and Prevention, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work, the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Lai
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davies G, Lam M, Harris SE, Trampush JW, Luciano M, Hill WD, Hagenaars SP, Ritchie SJ, Marioni RE, Fawns-Ritchie C, Liewald DCM, Okely JA, Ahola-Olli AV, Barnes CLK, Bertram L, Bis JC, Burdick KE, Christoforou A, DeRosse P, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Giakoumaki S, Giddaluru S, Gustavson DE, Hayward C, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Karlsson R, Knowles E, Lahti J, Leber M, Li S, Mather KA, Melle I, Morris D, Oldmeadow C, Palviainen T, Payton A, Pazoki R, Petrovic K, Reynolds CA, Sargurupremraj M, Scholz M, Smith JA, Smith AV, Terzikhan N, Thalamuthu A, Trompet S, van der Lee SJ, Ware EB, Windham BG, Wright MJ, Yang J, Yu J, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Armstrong NJ, Assareh AA, Attia JR, Attix D, Avramopoulos D, Bennett DA, Böhmer AC, Boyle PA, Brodaty H, Campbell H, Cannon TD, Cirulli ET, Congdon E, Conley ED, Corley J, Cox SR, Dale AM, Dehghan A, Dick D, Dickinson D, Eriksson JG, Evangelou E, Faul JD, Ford I, Freimer NA, Gao H, Giegling I, Gillespie NA, Gordon SD, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Hartmann AM, Hatzimanolis A, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Joshi PK, Kähönen M, Kardia SLR, Karlsson I, Kleineidam L, Knopman DS, Kochan NA, Konte B, Kwok JB, Le Hellard S, Lee T, Lehtimäki T, Li SC, Lill CM, Liu T, Koini M, London E, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Loukola A, Luck T, Lundervold AJ, Lundquist A, Lyytikäinen LP, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Murray AD, Need AC, Noordam R, Nyberg L, Ollier W, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Polasek O, Poldrack RA, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Riedel-Heller SG, Rose RJ, Rotter JI, Roussos P, Rovio SP, Saba Y, Sabb FW, Sachdev PS, Satizabal CL, Schmid M, Scott RJ, Scult MA, Simino J, Slagboom PE, Smyrnis N, Soumaré A, Stefanis NC, Stott DJ, Straub RE, Sundet K, Taylor AM, Taylor KD, Tzoulaki I, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden A, Vitart V, Voineskos AN, Kaprio J, Wagner M, Wagner H, Weinhold L, Wen KH, Widen E, Yang Q, Zhao W, Adams HHH, Arking DE, Bilder RM, Bitsios P, Boerwinkle E, Chiba-Falek O, Corvin A, De Jager PL, Debette S, Donohoe G, Elliott P, Fitzpatrick AL, Gill M, Glahn DC, Hägg S, Hansell NK, Hariri AR, Ikram MK, Jukema JW, Vuoksimaa E, Keller MC, Kremen WS, Launer L, Lindenberger U, Palotie A, Pedersen NL, Pendleton N, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Raitakari OT, Ramirez A, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Dan Rujescu, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Schofield PW, Schofield PR, Starr JM, Steen VM, Trollor JN, Turner ST, Van Duijn CM, Villringer A, Weinberger DR, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Malhotra A, McIntosh AM, Gale CR, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Bressler J, Lencz T, Deary IJ. Author Correction: Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2068. [PMID: 31043617 PMCID: PMC6494826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Christina M. Lill, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Davies
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Max Lam
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Joey W. Trampush
- BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, 90033 CA USA ,0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - W. David Hill
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Saskia P. Hagenaars
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Stuart J. Ritchie
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - David C. M. Liewald
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Judith A. Okely
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Ari V. Ahola-Olli
- 0000 0001 2097 1371grid.1374.1Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520 Finland ,grid.415303.0Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, 28100 Finland
| | - Catriona L. K. Barnes
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Lars Bertram
- 0000 0000 9071 0620grid.419538.2Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101 Washington USA
| | - Katherine E. Burdick
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029 NY USA ,0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fMental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468 NY USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747 Singapore ,0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, 0424 Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315 Norway
| | - Stella Giakoumaki
- 0000 0004 0576 3437grid.8127.cDepartment of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, GR-74100 Greece
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Daniel E. Gustavson
- 0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria ,0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx The Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Emma Knowles
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511 CT USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Markus Leber
- 0000 0000 8580 3777grid.6190.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937 Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118 MA USA
| | - Karen A. Mather
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- 0000 0004 0488 0789grid.6142.1Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cMedical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wa0les, 2308 Australia
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Antony Payton
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Centre for EpidemiologyDivision of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Raha Pazoki
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Katja Petrovic
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- 0000 0001 2222 1582grid.266097.cDepartment of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521 CA USA
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- 0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cInstitute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107 Germany ,0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cLIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107 Germany
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - Albert V. Smith
- 0000 0000 9458 5898grid.420802.cIcelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201 Iceland ,0000 0004 0640 0021grid.14013.37University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101 Iceland
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0626 3303grid.410566.0Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Stella Trompet
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Sven J. van der Lee
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Erin B. Ware
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - B. Gwen Windham
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- 0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia ,0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Jingyun Yang
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA ,0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cDepartment of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA
| | - Jin Yu
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA
| | - David Ames
- 0000 0004 0624 1200grid.416153.4National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, 3052 Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George’s Hospital, Kew, 3010 Australia
| | - Najaf Amin
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- 0000 0001 2159 9858grid.8970.6Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372 Norway
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- 0000 0004 0436 6763grid.1025.6Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - John R. Attia
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cHunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305 Australia
| | - Deborah Attix
- 0000000100241216grid.189509.cDepartment of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708 NC USA ,0000000100241216grid.189509.cPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708 NC USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD Baltimore, 21287 USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD Baltimore, 21287 USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA ,0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cDepartment of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113 Germany
| | - Patricia A. Boyle
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA ,0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cDepartments of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 NSW Australia
| | - Harry Campbell
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520 CT USA
| | | | - Eliza Congdon
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | | | - Janie Corley
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Anders M. Dale
- 0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 CA USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Danielle Dick
- 0000 0004 0458 8737grid.224260.0Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284 VA USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- 0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dHelsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, FI-00029 Finland ,0000 0004 0409 6302grid.428673.cFolkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 2018 Finland
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - Ian Ford
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ United Kingdom
| | - Nelson A. Freimer
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | - He Gao
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Ina Giegling
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- 0000 0004 0458 8737grid.224260.0Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298 VA USA
| | - Scott D. Gordon
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029 Australia
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287 MD USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - Michael E. Griswold
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- 0000 0000 9458 5898grid.420802.cIcelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201 Iceland ,0000 0004 0640 0021grid.14013.37University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101 Iceland
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dIntramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528 Greece ,grid.1088.1University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01 Greece ,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521 Greece
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- 0000000122483208grid.10698.36Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, 27599 NC USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cHunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305 Australia
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- 0000 0004 0628 2985grid.412330.7Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, FI-33014 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eFaculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33521 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Ida Karlsson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- 0000 0000 8580 3777grid.6190.eDepartment of Psychiatry Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50923 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany ,0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - David S. Knopman
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN USA
| | - Nicole A. Kochan
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,grid.415193.bNeuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Bettina Konte
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - John B. Kwok
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3Brain and Mind Centre—The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Teresa Lee
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,grid.415193.bNeuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- 0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- 0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany ,0000 0001 2111 7257grid.4488.0Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01187 Germany
| | - Christina M. Lill
- 0000 0001 0057 2672grid.4562.5Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tian Liu
- 0000 0000 9071 0620grid.419538.2Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195 Germany ,0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Marisa Koini
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Edythe London
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | - Will T. Longstreth
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6465 WA USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Tobias Luck
- 0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cLIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107 Germany ,0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cInstitute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bK. G. Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009 Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden ,0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Statistics, USBE Umeå University, S-907 97 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- 0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029 Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029 Australia ,0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Alison D. Murray
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ,0000 0004 1936 7291grid.7107.1The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Anna C. Need
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Lars Nyberg
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden ,0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden ,0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden
| | - William Ollier
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Goran Papenberg
- 0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany ,0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-113 30 Sweden
| | - Alison Pattie
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Gen-Info LLC, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia ,0000 0004 0644 1675grid.38603.3eFaculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000 Croatia
| | - Russell A. Poldrack
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94305-2130 CA USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101 Washington USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7660 WA USA ,0000 0004 0615 7519grid.488833.cKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, 98101 WA USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- 0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cInstitute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Richard J. Rose
- 0000 0001 0790 959Xgrid.411377.7Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007 USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- 0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA ,0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509 CA USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029 NY USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029 NY USA ,0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fMental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468 NY USA
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- 0000 0001 2097 1371grid.1374.1Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520 Finland
| | - Yasaman Saba
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Fred W. Sabb
- 0000 0004 1936 8008grid.170202.6Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403 OR USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,grid.415193.bNeuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- 0000 0004 0367 5222grid.475010.7Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA USA ,0000 0001 2293 4638grid.279885.9The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, 01702-5827 MA USA
| | - Matthias Schmid
- 0000 0000 8852 305Xgrid.411097.aDepartment of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012 Germany
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cHunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305 Australia
| | - Matthew A. Scult
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dLaboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086 NC USA
| | - Jeannette Simino
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528 Greece ,grid.1088.1University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01 Greece
| | - Aïcha Soumaré
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nikos C. Stefanis
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528 Greece ,grid.1088.1University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01 Greece ,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521 Greece
| | - David J. Stott
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ United Kingdom
| | - Richard E. Straub
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315 Norway
| | - Adele M. Taylor
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- 0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA ,0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509 CA USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2108 7481grid.9594.1Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ,0000 0004 0593 7118grid.42399.35Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076 France
| | - André Uitterlinden
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1L8 Canada
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- 0000 0000 8852 305Xgrid.411097.aDepartment of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012 Germany
| | - K. Hoyan Wen
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118 MA USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Dan E. Arking
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD Baltimore, 21287 USA
| | - Robert M. Bilder
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- 0000 0004 0576 3437grid.8127.cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003 Greece
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA ,0000 0001 2160 926Xgrid.39382.33Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030-3411 TX USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- 0000000100241216grid.189509.cDepartment of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708 NC USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- 0000 0004 1936 9705grid.8217.cNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89 Ireland
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- 0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032 NY USA ,grid.66859.34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ,0000 0004 0593 7118grid.42399.35Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000 France
| | - Gary Donohoe
- 0000 0004 0488 0789grid.6142.1Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Paul Elliott
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Annette L. Fitzpatrick
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104 WA USA
| | - Michael Gill
- 0000 0004 1936 9705grid.8217.cNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89 Ireland
| | - David C. Glahn
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511 CT USA
| | - Sara Hägg
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- 0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dLaboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086 NC USA
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx The Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Matthew C. Keller
- 0000000096214564grid.266190.aInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309 CO USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- 0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Lenore Launer
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dIntramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- 0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Aarno Palotie
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland ,0000 0004 0606 5382grid.10306.34Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK ,0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Neil Pendleton
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Porteous
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- 0000 0001 2097 1371grid.1374.1Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520 Finland ,0000 0004 0628 215Xgrid.410552.7Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520 Finland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- 0000 0000 8580 3777grid.6190.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315 Norway
| | - Igor Rudan
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Peter W. Schofield
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - John M. Starr
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Steven T. Turner
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Cornelia M. Van Duijn
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Arno Villringer
- 0000 0001 0041 5028grid.419524.fMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103 Germany ,0000 0000 8517 9062grid.411339.dDay Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - David R. Weir
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - James F. Wilson
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Anil Malhotra
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA ,grid.440243.5Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, 11004 NY USA ,0000 0001 2284 9943grid.257060.6Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, 11549 NY USA
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Catharine R. Gale
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- 0000 0004 1936 8008grid.170202.6Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403 OR USA ,0000 0004 0367 5222grid.475010.7Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA USA ,0000 0001 0629 5880grid.267309.9Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229 TX USA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heinrichs SKM, Hess T, Becker J, Hamann L, Vashist YK, Butterbach K, Schmidt T, Alakus H, Krasniuk I, Höblinger A, Lingohr P, Ludwig M, Hagel AF, Schildberg CW, Veits L, Gyvyte U, Weise K, Schüller V, Böhmer AC, Schröder J, Gehlen J, Kreuser N, Hofer S, Lang H, Lordick F, Malfertheiner P, Moehler M, Pech O, Vassos N, Rodermann E, Izbicki JR, Kruschewski M, Ott K, Schumann RR, Vieth M, Mangold E, Gasenko E, Kupcinskas L, Brenner H, Grimminger P, Bujanda L, Sopeña F, Espinel J, Thomson C, Pérez-Aísa Á, Campo R, Geijo F, Collette D, Bruns C, Messerle K, Gockel I, Nöthen MM, Lippert H, Ridwelski K, Lanas A, Keller G, Knapp M, Leja M, Kupcinskas J, García-González MA, Venerito M, Schumacher J. Evidence for PTGER4, PSCA, and MBOAT7 as risk genes for gastric cancer on the genome and transcriptome level. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5057-5065. [PMID: 30191681 PMCID: PMC6198243 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic associations between variants on chromosome 5p13 and 8q24 and gastric cancer (GC) have been previously reported in the Asian population. We aimed to replicate these findings and to characterize the associations at the genome and transcriptome level. We performed a fine‐mapping association study in 1926 GC patients and 2012 controls of European descent using high dense SNP marker sets on both chromosomal regions. Next, we performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses using gastric transcriptome data from 143 individuals focusing on the GC associated variants. On chromosome 5p13 the strongest association was observed at rs6872282 (P = 2.53 × 10−04) and on chromosome 8q24 at rs2585176 (P = 1.09 × 10−09). On chromosome 5p13 we found cis‐eQTL effects with an upregulation of PTGER4 expression in GC risk allele carrier (P = 9.27 × 10−11). On chromosome 8q24 we observed cis‐eQTL effects with an upregulation of PSCA expression in GC risk allele carrier (P = 2.17 × 10−47). In addition, we found trans‐eQTL effects for the same variants on 8q24 with a downregulation of MBOAT7 expression in GC risk allele carrier (P = 3.11 × 10−09). In summary, we confirmed and refined the previously reported GC associations at both chromosomal regions. Our data point to shared etiological factors between Asians and Europeans. Furthermore, our data imply an upregulated expression of PTGER4 and PSCA as well as a downregulated expression of MBOAT7 in gastric tissue as risk‐conferring GC pathomechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K M Heinrichs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lutz Hamann
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iurii Krasniuk
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Municipal Hospital Solingen, Solingen, Germany
| | - Aksana Höblinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Community Hospital Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Philipp Lingohr
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Ludwig
- Association for Oncological Studies (Gefos), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander F Hagel
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ugne Gyvyte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Katharina Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vitalia Schüller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Gehlen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- First Medical Clinic and Policlinic, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Vassos
- Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ernst Rodermann
- Association of Medical Practices in Hematology and Internal Oncology, Troisdorf, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kruschewski
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Frankfurt Oder, Frankfurt Oder, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Hospital Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Ralf R Schumann
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evita Gasenko
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Grimminger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luis Bujanda
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Federico Sopeña
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Espinel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Hospitalario, León, Spain
| | - Concha Thomson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Obispo Polanco, Teruel, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Campo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Fernando Geijo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniela Collette
- Association of Medical Practices in Hematology and Oncology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Messerle
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Lippert
- An-Institute for Quality Control in Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Ridwelski
- An-Institute for Quality Control in Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angel Lanas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gisela Keller
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maria A García-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Human Genetics, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Davies G, Lam M, Harris SE, Trampush JW, Luciano M, Hill WD, Hagenaars SP, Ritchie SJ, Marioni RE, Fawns-Ritchie C, Liewald DCM, Okely JA, Ahola-Olli AV, Barnes CLK, Bertram L, Bis JC, Burdick KE, Christoforou A, DeRosse P, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Giakoumaki S, Giddaluru S, Gustavson DE, Hayward C, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Karlsson R, Knowles E, Lahti J, Leber M, Li S, Mather KA, Melle I, Morris D, Oldmeadow C, Palviainen T, Payton A, Pazoki R, Petrovic K, Reynolds CA, Sargurupremraj M, Scholz M, Smith JA, Smith AV, Terzikhan N, Thalamuthu A, Trompet S, van der Lee SJ, Ware EB, Windham BG, Wright MJ, Yang J, Yu J, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Armstrong NJ, Assareh AA, Attia JR, Attix D, Avramopoulos D, Bennett DA, Böhmer AC, Boyle PA, Brodaty H, Campbell H, Cannon TD, Cirulli ET, Congdon E, Conley ED, Corley J, Cox SR, Dale AM, Dehghan A, Dick D, Dickinson D, Eriksson JG, Evangelou E, Faul JD, Ford I, Freimer NA, Gao H, Giegling I, Gillespie NA, Gordon SD, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Hartmann AM, Hatzimanolis A, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Joshi PK, Kähönen M, Kardia SLR, Karlsson I, Kleineidam L, Knopman DS, Kochan NA, Konte B, Kwok JB, Le Hellard S, Lee T, Lehtimäki T, Li SC, Lill CM, Liu T, Koini M, London E, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Loukola A, Luck T, Lundervold AJ, Lundquist A, Lyytikäinen LP, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Murray AD, Need AC, Noordam R, Nyberg L, Ollier W, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Polasek O, Poldrack RA, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Riedel-Heller SG, Rose RJ, Rotter JI, Roussos P, Rovio SP, Saba Y, Sabb FW, Sachdev PS, Satizabal CL, Schmid M, Scott RJ, Scult MA, Simino J, Slagboom PE, Smyrnis N, Soumaré A, Stefanis NC, Stott DJ, Straub RE, Sundet K, Taylor AM, Taylor KD, Tzoulaki I, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden A, Vitart V, Voineskos AN, Kaprio J, Wagner M, Wagner H, Weinhold L, Wen KH, Widen E, Yang Q, Zhao W, Adams HHH, Arking DE, Bilder RM, Bitsios P, Boerwinkle E, Chiba-Falek O, Corvin A, De Jager PL, Debette S, Donohoe G, Elliott P, Fitzpatrick AL, Gill M, Glahn DC, Hägg S, Hansell NK, Hariri AR, Ikram MK, Jukema JW, Vuoksimaa E, Keller MC, Kremen WS, Launer L, Lindenberger U, Palotie A, Pedersen NL, Pendleton N, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Raitakari OT, Ramirez A, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Dan Rujescu, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Schofield PW, Schofield PR, Starr JM, Steen VM, Trollor JN, Turner ST, Van Duijn CM, Villringer A, Weinberger DR, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Malhotra A, McIntosh AM, Gale CR, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Bressler J, Lencz T, Deary IJ. Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2098. [PMID: 29844566 PMCID: PMC5974083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joey W Trampush
- BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Judith A Okely
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ari V Ahola-Olli
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, 28100, Finland
| | - Catriona L K Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Lars Bertram
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Stella Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, GR-74100, Greece
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Daniel E Gustavson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wa0les, 2308, Australia
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for EpidemiologyDivision of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Katja Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - B Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George's Hospital, Kew, 3010, Australia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | | | - Amelia A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Deborah Attix
- Department of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | | | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | | | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 2018, Finland
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nelson A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298, VA, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ida Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Psychiatry Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50923, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre-The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01187, Germany
| | - Christina M Lill
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Marisa Koini
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - Will T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6465, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tobias Luck
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE Umeå University, S-907 97, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Alison D Murray
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-113 30, Sweden
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Gen-Info LLC, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94305-2130, CA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
- Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7660, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7007, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509, CA, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468, NY, USA
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, 01702-5827, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012, Germany
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086, NC, USA
| | - Jeannette Simino
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
| | - Aïcha Soumaré
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509, CA, USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1L8, Canada
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012, Germany
| | - K Hoyan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030-3411, TX, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89, Ireland
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89, Ireland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086, NC, USA
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Lenore Launer
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Peter W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Steven T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M Van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anil Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, 11004, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, 11549, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ishorst N, Francheschelli P, Böhmer AC, Khan MFJ, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Fricker N, Little J, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Peterlin B, Nowak S, Martini M, Kruse T, Dunsche A, Kreusch T, Gölz L, Aldhorae K, Halboub E, Reutter H, Mossey P, Nöthen MM, Rubini M, Ludwig KU, Knapp M, Mangold E. Nonsyndromic cleft palate: An association study at GWAS candidate loci in a multiethnic sample. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:871-882. [PMID: 29498243 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO) is a common and multifactorial form of orofacial clefting. In contrast to successes achieved for the other common form of orofacial clefting, that is, nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P), genome wide association studies (GWAS) of nsCPO have identified only one genome wide significant locus. Aim of the present study was to investigate whether common variants contribute to nsCPO and, if so, to identify novel risk loci. METHODS We genotyped 33 SNPs at 27 candidate loci from 2 previously published nsCPO GWAS in an independent multiethnic sample. It included: (i) a family-based sample of European ancestry (n = 212); and (ii) two case/control samples of Central European (n = 94/339) and Arabian ancestry (n = 38/231), respectively. A separate association analysis was performed for each genotyped dataset, and meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS After association analysis and meta-analyses, none of the 33 SNPs showed genome-wide significance. Two variants showed nominally significant association in the imputed GWAS dataset and exhibited a further decrease in p-value in a European and an overall meta-analysis including imputed GWAS data, respectively (rs395572: PMetaEU = 3.16 × 10-4 ; rs6809420: PMetaAll = 2.80 × 10-4 ). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is a limited contribution of common variants to nsCPO. However, the individual effect sizes might be too small for detection of further associations in the present sample sizes. Rare variants may play a more substantial role in nsCPO than in nsCL/P, for which GWAS of smaller sample sizes have identified genome-wide significant loci. Whole-exome/genome sequencing studies of nsCPO are now warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ishorst
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paola Francheschelli
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammad Faisal J Khan
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Fricker
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Regine P M Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Pediatrics, Division Neonatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefanie Nowak
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Martini
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial-Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Teresa Kruse
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Dunsche
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Clinics Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Kreusch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Centre, Asklepios Klinik Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Khalid Aldhorae
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Devision of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Mossey
- Dental Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Rubini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Freytag V, Vukojevic V, Wagner-Thelen H, Milnik A, Vogler C, Leber M, Weinhold L, Böhmer AC, Riedel-Heller S, Maier W, de Quervain DJF, Ramirez A, Papassotiropoulos A. Genetic estimators of DNA methylation provide insights into the molecular basis of polygenic traits. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:31. [PMID: 29382824 PMCID: PMC5802460 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The large biological distance between genetic risk loci and their mechanistic consequences in the tissue of interest limits the ability to establish functionality of susceptibility variants for genetically complex traits. Such a biological gap may be reduced through the systematic study of molecular mediators of genomic action, such as epigenetic modification. Here, we report the identification of robust genetic estimators of whole-blood CpG methylation, which can serve as intermediate molecular traits amenable to association testing with other genetically complex traits. We describe the relationship between these estimators and gene expression, demonstrate their genome-wide applicability to association testing even in the absence of individual genotypic data, and show that these estimators powerfully identify methylation-related genomic loci associated with polygenic traits and common diseases, such as schizophrenia. The use of genetic estimators for blood DNA methylation, which are made publically available, can serve as a valuable tool for the identification of epigenetic underpinnings of complex traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Freytag
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland.
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Vanja Vukojevic
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Holger Wagner-Thelen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette Milnik
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Vogler
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominique J-F de Quervain
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland.
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Böhmer AC, Gölz L, Kreusch T, Kramer FJ, Pötzsch B, Nöthen MM, Jäger A, Mangold E, Knapp M, Ludwig KU. Investigation of dominant and recessive inheritance models in genome-wide association studies data of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:336-341. [PMID: 29134786 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is one of the most common congenital malformation worldwide, and its etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors. Recent genome-wide and targeted genetic studies of nsCL/P have identified numerous genetic risk loci, under the hypothesis of a multiplicative mode of inheritance. The present study investigated whether novel nsCL/P risk loci could be identified by analyzing dominant/recessive genetic effects in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from genome-wide association studies. For this purpose, a genome-wide investigation of dominant/recessive common SNP effects was performed in our previously published meta-analysis data set. Twenty-four loci were identified as candidate regions. In a subsequent association analysis in an independent study cohort of 224 nsCL/P patients and 986 controls of European descent, none of the loci could be replicated. Therefore, our strategy of identifying novel loci by applying different genetic models did not yield any novel findings, suggesting that recessive/dominant common variation only make a limited contribution to nsCL/P in Europeans. However, we cannot rule out that such effects are present at some of the loci that have previously been identified, or are present in different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kreusch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Centre, Asklepios Klinik Nord, Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Kramer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoebel AK, Drichel D, van de Vorst M, Böhmer AC, Sivalingam S, Ishorst N, Klamt J, Gölz L, Alblas M, Maaser A, Keppler K, Zink AM, Dixon MJ, Dixon J, Hemprich A, Kruse T, Graf I, Dunsche A, Schmidt G, Daratsianos N, Nowak S, Aldhorae KA, Nöthen MM, Knapp M, Thiele H, Gilissen C, Reutter H, Hoischen A, Mangold E, Ludwig KU. Candidate Genes for Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate Detected by Exome Sequencing. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1314-1321. [PMID: 28767323 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517722761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO) is a facial malformation that has a livebirth prevalence of 1 in 2,500. Research suggests that the etiology of nsCPO is multifactorial, with a clear genetic component. To date, genome-wide association studies have identified only 1 conclusive common variant for nsCPO, that is, a missense variant in the gene grainyhead-like-3 ( GRHL3). Thus, the underlying genetic causes of nsCPO remain largely unknown. The present study aimed at identifying rare variants that might contribute to nsCPO risk, via whole-exome sequencing (WES), in multiply affected Central European nsCPO pedigrees. WES was performed in 2 affected first-degree relatives from each family. Variants shared between both individuals were analyzed for their potential deleterious nature and a low frequency in the general population. Genes carrying promising variants were annotated for 1) reported associations with facial development, 2) multiple occurrence of variants, and 3) expression in mouse embryonic palatal shelves. This strategy resulted in the identification of a set of 26 candidate genes that were resequenced in 132 independent nsCPO cases and 623 independent controls of 2 different ethnicities, using molecular inversion probes. No rare loss-of-function mutation was identified in either WES or resequencing step. However, we identified 2 or more missense variants predicted to be deleterious in each of 3 genes ( ACACB, PTPRS, MIB1) in individuals from independent families. In addition, the analyses identified a novel variant in GRHL3 in 1 patient and a variant in CREBBP in 2 siblings. Both genes underlie different syndromic forms of CPO. A plausible hypothesis is that the apparently nonsyndromic clefts in these 3 patients might represent hypomorphic forms of the respective syndromes. In summary, the present study identified rare variants that might contribute to nsCPO risk and suggests candidate genes for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Hoebel
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Drichel
- 3 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,4 Cologne Center for Genomics, Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M van de Vorst
- 5 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A C Böhmer
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Sivalingam
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ishorst
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Klamt
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Gölz
- 6 Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Alblas
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Maaser
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Keppler
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A M Zink
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M J Dixon
- 7 Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Dixon
- 7 Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Hemprich
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Kruse
- 9 Department of Orthodontics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I Graf
- 9 Department of Orthodontics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Dunsche
- 10 Clinics Karlsruhe, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Schmidt
- 11 Department of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgery, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Daratsianos
- 6 Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Nowak
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K A Aldhorae
- 12 Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - M M Nöthen
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Knapp
- 13 Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Thiele
- 14 Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Gilissen
- 5 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Reutter
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,15 Department of Neonatology &Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Hoischen
- 5 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,16 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,17 Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Mangold
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K U Ludwig
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ludwig KU, Böhmer AC, Bowes J, Nikolic M, Ishorst N, Wyatt N, Hammond NL, Gölz L, Thieme F, Barth S, Schuenke H, Klamt J, Spielmann M, Aldhorae K, Rojas-Martinez A, Nöthen MM, Rada-Iglesias A, Dixon MJ, Knapp M, Mangold E. Imputation of orofacial clefting data identifies novel risk loci and sheds light on the genetic background of cleft lip ± cleft palate and cleft palate only. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:829-842. [PMID: 28087736 PMCID: PMC5409059 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is among the most common human birth defects with multifactorial etiology. Here, we present results from a genome-wide imputation study of nsCL/P in which, after adding replication cohort data, four novel risk loci for nsCL/P are identified (at chromosomal regions 2p21, 14q22, 15q24 and 19p13). On a systematic level, we show that the association signals within this high-density dataset are enriched in functionally-relevant genomic regions that are active in both human neural crest cells (hNCC) and mouse embryonic craniofacial tissue. This enrichment is also detectable in hNCC regions primed for later activity. Using GCTA analyses, we suggest that 30% of the estimated variance in risk for nsCL/P in the European population can be attributed to common variants, with 25.5% contributed to by the 24 risk loci known to date. For each of these, we identify credible SNPs using a Bayesian refinement approach, with two loci harbouring only one probable causal variant. Finally, we demonstrate that there is no polygenic component of nsCL/P detectable that is shared with nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO). Our data suggest that, while common variants are strongly contributing to risk for nsCL/P, they do not seem to be involved in nsCPO which might be more often caused by rare deleterious variants. Our study generates novel insights into both nsCL/P and nsCPO etiology and provides a systematic framework for research into craniofacial development and malformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - John Bowes
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Miloš Nikolic
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Nina Ishorst
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Niki Wyatt
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nigel L Hammond
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany
| | - Frederic Thieme
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Sandra Barth
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Hannah Schuenke
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Johanna Klamt
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, RG Development and Disease, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Institute for Medical and Human Genetics.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Khalid Aldhorae
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, and Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Michael J Dixon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Böhmer AC, Schumacher J. Insights into the genetics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and GERD-related disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28132438 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with obesity and hiatal hernia, and often precedes the development of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Epidemiological studies show that the global prevalence of GERD is increasing. GERD is a multifactorial disease with a complex genetic architecture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided initial insights into the genetic background of GERD. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the genetics of GERD and a possible genetic overlap between GERD and BE and EA. The review discusses genes and cellular pathways that have been implicated through GWAS, and provides an outlook on how future molecular research will enhance understanding of GERD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gharahkhani P, Fitzgerald RC, Vaughan TL, Palles C, Gockel I, Tomlinson I, Buas MF, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Becker J, Kreuser N, Noder T, Venerito M, Veits L, Schmidt T, Manner H, Schmidt C, Hess T, Böhmer AC, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Lang H, Lorenz D, Schumacher B, Hackelsberger A, Mayershofer R, Pech O, Vashist Y, Ott K, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Nöthen MM, Attwood S, Barr H, Chegwidden L, de Caestecker J, Harrison R, Love SB, MacDonald D, Moayyedi P, Prenen H, Watson RGP, Iyer PG, Anderson LA, Bernstein L, Chow WH, Hardie LJ, Lagergren J, Liu G, Risch HA, Wu AH, Ye W, Bird NC, Shaheen NJ, Gammon MD, Corley DA, Caldas C, Moebus S, Knapp M, Peters WHM, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, MacGregor S, Pharoah P, Whiteman DC, Jankowski J, Schumacher J. Genome-wide association studies in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's oesophagus: a large-scale meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:1363-1373. [PMID: 27527254 PMCID: PMC5052458 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal adenocarcinoma represents one of the fastest rising cancers in high-income countries. Barrett's oesophagus is the premalignant precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. However, only a few patients with Barrett's oesophagus develop adenocarcinoma, which complicates clinical management in the absence of valid predictors. Within an international consortium investigating the genetics of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, we aimed to identify novel genetic risk variants for the development of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS We did a meta-analysis of all genome-wide association studies of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma available in PubMed up to Feb 29, 2016; all patients were of European ancestry and disease was confirmed histopathologically. All participants were from four separate studies within Europe, North America, and Australia and were genotyped on high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Meta-analysis was done with a fixed-effects inverse variance-weighting approach and with a standard genome-wide significance threshold (p<5 × 10-8). We also did an association analysis after reweighting of loci with an approach that investigates annotation enrichment among genome-wide significant loci. Furthermore, the entire dataset was analysed with bioinformatics approaches-including functional annotation databases and gene-based and pathway-based methods-to identify pathophysiologically relevant cellular mechanisms. FINDINGS Our sample comprised 6167 patients with Barrett's oesophagus and 4112 individuals with oesophageal adenocarcinoma, in addition to 17 159 representative controls from four genome-wide association studies in Europe, North America, and Australia. We identified eight new risk loci associated with either Barrett's oesophagus or oesophageal adenocarcinoma, within or near the genes CFTR (rs17451754; p=4·8 × 10-10), MSRA (rs17749155; p=5·2 × 10-10), LINC00208 and BLK (rs10108511; p=2·1 × 10-9), KHDRBS2 (rs62423175; p=3·0 × 10-9), TPPP and CEP72 (rs9918259; p=3·2 × 10-9), TMOD1 (rs7852462; p=1·5 × 10-8), SATB2 (rs139606545; p=2·0 × 10-8), and HTR3C and ABCC5 (rs9823696; p=1·6 × 10-8). The locus identified near HTR3C and ABCC5 (rs9823696) was associated specifically with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (p=1·6 × 10-8) and was independent of Barrett's oesophagus development (p=0·45). A ninth novel risk locus was identified within the gene LPA (rs12207195; posterior probability 0·925) after reweighting with significantly enriched annotations. The strongest disease pathways identified (p<10-6) belonged to muscle cell differentiation and to mesenchyme development and differentiation. INTERPRETATION Our meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies doubled the number of known risk loci for Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma and revealed new insights into causes of these diseases. Furthermore, the specific association between oesophageal adenocarcinoma and the locus near HTR3C and ABCC5 might constitute a novel genetic marker for prediction of the transition from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Fine-mapping and functional studies of new risk loci could lead to identification of key molecules in the development of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, which might encourage development of advanced prevention and intervention strategies. FUNDING US National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Swedish Cancer Society, Medical Research Council UK, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Else Kröner Fresenius Stiftung, Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK, AstraZeneca UK, University Hospitals of Leicester, University of Oxford, Australian Research Council.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Horst Schmidt Kliniken Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Institute of Human Genetics, and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Visceral Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephen Attwood
- Centre For Integrated Health Care Research, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Hugh Barr
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - John de Caestecker
- Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Sharon B Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David MacDonald
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R G Peter Watson
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre of Medical Education, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel C Bird
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, and San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilbert H M Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- University of Central Lancashire, Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Moor Row, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dunkhase E, Ludwig KU, Knapp M, Skibola CF, Figueiredo JC, Hosking FJ, Ellinghaus E, Landi MT, Ma H, Nakagawa H, Kim JW, Han J, Yang P, Böhmer AC, Mattheisen M, Nöthen MM, Mangold E. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cancer: Evaluation of a possible common genetic background through the analysis of GWAS data. Genom Data 2016; 10:22-9. [PMID: 27630819 PMCID: PMC5013250 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests a genetic overlap between nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify common genetic risk loci for NSCL/P and cancer entities that have been reported to co-occur with orofacial clefting. This was achieved through the investigation of large genome-wide association study datasets. Investigations of 12 NSCL/P single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 32 cancer datasets, and 204 cancer SNPs in two NSCL/P datasets, were performed. The SNPs rs13041247 (20q12) and rs6457327 (6p21.33) showed suggestive evidence for an association with both NSCL/P and a specific cancer entity. These loci harbor genes of biological relevance to oncogenesis (MAFB and OCT4, respectively). This study is the first to characterize possible pleiotropic risk loci for NSCL/P and cancer in a systematic manner. The data represent a starting point for future research by identifying a genetic link between NSCL/P and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dunkhase
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fay Julie Hosking
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton SM2 5NG, Surrey, UK
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd, Gulou, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku,Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (06351) 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu. Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, 535 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Klamt J, Hofmann A, Böhmer AC, Hoebel AK, Gölz L, Becker J, Zink AM, Draaken M, Hemprich A, Scheer M, Schmidt G, Martini M, Knapp M, Mangold E, Degenhardt F, Ludwig KU. Further evidence for deletions in 7p14.1 contributing to nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:767-72. [PMID: 27384521 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is a common birth defect. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous risk variants, a considerable fraction of the genetic heritability remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to replicate a previous finding that de novo deletions in a 62 kb region of chromosome 7p14 are a risk factor for nsCL/P, using an independent cohort. METHODS Data from a published case-control GWAS cohort of 399 patients and 1318 controls were used. Copy number variant (CNV) detection in the 62 kb candidate region of 7p14 was performed using QuantiSNP. Putative CNVs in probands were verified and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Segregation analyses were performed in family members for whom DNA was available. RESULTS Within the 62 kb candidate region, a deletion of 7.4 kb showed association with nsCL/P (13/387 cases, 20/1300 controls, plowest = 0.024, odds ratio = 2.22). In all families with a sporadic case (n = 3), the deletion occurred de novo. In multiplex families, both incomplete segregation and incomplete penetrance were observed. CONCLUSION The present data support the hypothesis that deletions at 7p14 are a common risk factor for nsCL/P. Genome-wide CNV analyses in nsCL/P cohorts are warranted to explore the functional relevance of these deletions and their contribution to nsCL/P, and to determine exact breakpoints. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:767-772, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klamt
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hoebel
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Markus Draaken
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Hemprich
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Scheer
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gül Schmidt
- Department of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgery, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Martini
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial-Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Department of Genomics, Life, and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ludwig KU, Ahmed ST, Böhmer AC, Sangani NB, Varghese S, Klamt J, Schuenke H, Gültepe P, Hofmann A, Rubini M, Aldhorae KA, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Rojas-Martinez A, Reiter R, Borck G, Knapp M, Nakatomi M, Graf D, Mangold E, Peters H. Meta-analysis Reveals Genome-Wide Significance at 15q13 for Nonsyndromic Clefting of Both the Lip and the Palate, and Functional Analyses Implicate GREM1 As a Plausible Causative Gene. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005914. [PMID: 26968009 PMCID: PMC4788144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are common birth defects with multifactorial etiology. The most common type is cleft lip, which occurs with or without cleft palate (nsCLP and nsCLO, respectively). Although genetic components play an important role in nsCLP, the genetic factors that predispose to palate involvement are largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis on genetic and clinical data from three large cohorts and identified strong association between a region on chromosome 15q13 and nsCLP (P = 8.13×10−14 for rs1258763; relative risk (RR): 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.61)) but not nsCLO (P = 0.27; RR: 1.09 (0.94–1.27)). The 5 kb region of strongest association maps downstream of Gremlin-1 (GREM1), which encodes a secreted antagonist of the BMP4 pathway. We show during mouse embryogenesis, Grem1 is expressed in the developing lip and soft palate but not in the hard palate. This is consistent with genotype-phenotype correlations between rs1258763 and a specific nsCLP subphenotype, since a more than two-fold increase in risk was observed in patients displaying clefts of both the lip and soft palate but who had an intact hard palate (RR: 3.76, CI: 1.47–9.61, Pdiff<0.05). While we did not find lip or palate defects in Grem1-deficient mice, wild type embryonic palatal shelves developed divergent shapes when cultured in the presence of ectopic Grem1 protein (P = 0.0014). The present study identified a non-coding region at 15q13 as the second, genome-wide significant locus specific for nsCLP, after 13q31. Moreover, our data suggest that the closely located GREM1 gene contributes to a rare clinical nsCLP entity. This entity specifically involves abnormalities of the lip and soft palate, which develop at different time-points and in separate anatomical regions. Clefts of the lip and palate are common birth defects, and require long-term multidisciplinary management. Their etiology involves genetic factors and environmental influences and/or a combination of both, however, these interactions are poorly defined. Moreover, although clefts of the lip may or may not involve the palate, the determinants predisposing to specific subphenotypes are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that variations in the non-coding region near the GREM1 gene show a highly significant association with a particular phenotype in which cleft lip and cleft palate co-occur (nsCLP; P = 8.13×10−14). Our data suggest that the risk is even higher for patients who have a cleft lip and a cleft of the soft palate, but not of the hard palate. Interestingly, this subphenotype corresponds to the expression of the mouse Grem1 gene, which is found in the developing lip and soft palate but not in the hard palate. While Grem1-deficient mice display no lip or palate defects, we demonstrate that ectopic Grem1 protein alters palatal shelve morphogenesis. Together, our results identify a region near GREM1 as the second, genome-wide significant risk locus for nsCLP, and suggest that deregulated GREM1 expression during craniofacial development may contribute to this common birth defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (KUL); (HP)
| | - Syeda Tasnim Ahmed
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nasim Bahram Sangani
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sheryil Varghese
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Klamt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah Schuenke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pinar Gültepe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Rubini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Regine P. Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rudolf Reiter
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Graf
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Departments of Dentistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Heiko Peters
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (KUL); (HP)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Becker J, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Schmidt C, Veits L, Noder T, Mayershofer R, Kreuser N, Manner H, Venerito M, Hofer JH, Lyros O, Ahlbrand CJ, Arras M, Hofer S, Heinrichs SKM, Weise K, Hess T, Böhmer AC, Kosiol N, Kiesslich R, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Bollschweiler E, Malfertheiner P, Lang H, Moehler M, Lorenz D, Ott K, Schmidt T, Nöthen MM, Hackelsberger A, Schumacher B, Pech O, Vashist Y, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Knapp M, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, Gockel I, Schumacher J. The Barrett-associated variants at GDF7 and TBX5 also increase esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. Cancer Med 2016; 5:888-91. [PMID: 26783083 PMCID: PMC4864818 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represent two stages within the esophagitis-metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. Previously genetic risk factors have been identified that confer risk to BE and EAC development. However, to which extent the genetic variants confer risk to different stages of the BE/EAC sequence remains mainly unknown. In this study we analyzed three most recently identified BE variants at the genes GDF7 (rs3072), TBX5 (rs2701108), and ALDH1A2 (rs3784262) separately in BE and EAC samples in order to determine their risk effects during BE/EAC sequence. Our data show that rs3072 at GDF7 and rs2701108 at TBX5 are also associated with EAC and conclude that both loci confer disease risk also at later stages of the BE/EAC sequence. In contrast, rs3784262 at ALDH1A2 was highly significantly associated with BE, but showed no association with EAC. Our data do not provide evidence that the ALDH1A2 locus confers equal risk in early and late stages of BE/EAC sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Kinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, HSK Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Constantin J Ahlbrand
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Arras
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophie K M Heinrichs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Kosiol
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, HSK Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elfriede Bollschweiler
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Departments of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cura F, Böhmer AC, Klamt J, Schünke H, Scapoli L, Martinelli M, Carinci F, Nöthen MM, Knapp M, Ludwig KU, Mangold E. Replication analysis of 15 susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in an italian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:81-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cura
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Johanna Klamt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Hannah Schünke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Marcella Martinelli
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wieczorek D, Newman WG, Wieland T, Berulava T, Kaffe M, Falkenstein D, Beetz C, Graf E, Schwarzmayr T, Douzgou S, Clayton-Smith J, Daly SB, Williams SG, Bhaskar SS, Urquhart JE, Anderson B, O'Sullivan J, Boute O, Gundlach J, Czeschik JC, van Essen AJ, Hazan F, Park S, Hing A, Kuechler A, Lohmann DR, Ludwig KU, Mangold E, Steenpaß L, Zeschnigk M, Lemke JR, Lourenco CM, Hehr U, Prott EC, Waldenberger M, Böhmer AC, Horsthemke B, O'Keefe RT, Meitinger T, Burn J, Lüdecke HJ, Strom TM. Compound heterozygosity of low-frequency promoter deletions and rare loss-of-function mutations in TXNL4A causes Burn-McKeown syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:698-707. [PMID: 25434003 PMCID: PMC4259969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in components of the major spliceosome have been described in disorders with craniofacial anomalies, e.g., Nager syndrome and mandibulofacial dysostosis type Guion-Almeida. The U5 spliceosomal complex of eight highly conserved proteins is critical for pre-mRNA splicing. We identified biallelic mutations in TXNL4A, a member of this complex, in individuals with Burn-McKeown syndrome (BMKS). This rare condition is characterized by bilateral choanal atresia, hearing loss, cleft lip and/or palate, and other craniofacial dysmorphisms. Mutations were found in 9 of 11 affected families. In 8 families, affected individuals carried a rare loss-of-function mutation (nonsense, frameshift, or microdeletion) on one allele and a low-frequency 34 bp deletion (allele frequency 0.76%) in the core promoter region on the other allele. In a single highly consanguineous family, formerly diagnosed as oculo-oto-facial dysplasia, the four affected individuals were homozygous for a 34 bp promoter deletion, which differed from the promoter deletion in the other families. Reporter gene and in vivo assays showed that the promoter deletions led to reduced expression of TXNL4A. Depletion of TXNL4A (Dib1) in yeast demonstrated reduced assembly of the tri-snRNP complex. Our results indicate that BMKS is an autosomal-recessive condition, which is frequently caused by compound heterozygosity of low-frequency promoter deletions in combination with very rare loss-of-function mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tea Berulava
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Kaffe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Schön Klinik München Schwabing, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Falkenstein
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Beetz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sarah B Daly
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Simon G Williams
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sanjeev S Bhaskar
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jill E Urquhart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Beverley Anderson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - James O'Sullivan
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Odile Boute
- Centre de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille 59037, France
| | - Jasmin Gundlach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Anthonie J van Essen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Filiz Hazan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir 35210, Turkey
| | - Sarah Park
- Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anne Hing
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Lohmann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Steenpaß
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Universitätsklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Abteilung Humangenetik, Inselspital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Charles Marques Lourenco
- Neurogenetics Unit, Clinics Hospital of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14048900, Brazil
| | - Ute Hehr
- Center for and Department of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Christina Prott
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; Institut für Praenatale Medizin & Humangenetik, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Raymond T O'Keefe
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - John Burn
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institut für Praenatale Medizin & Humangenetik, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Forstner AJ, Basmanav FB, Mattheisen M, Böhmer AC, Hollegaard MV, Janson E, Strengman E, Priebe L, Degenhardt F, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Maier W, Mössner R, Rujescu D, Ophoff RA, Moebus S, Mortensen PB, Børglum AD, Hougaard DM, Frank J, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Zimmer A, Nöthen MM, Miró X, Cichon S. Investigation of the involvement of MIR185 and its target genes in the development of schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2014; 39:386-96. [PMID: 24936775 PMCID: PMC4214873 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder of unclear etiology. The strongest known genetic risk factor is the 22q11.2 microdeletion. Research has yet to confirm which genes within the deletion region are implicated in schizophrenia. The minimal 1.5 megabase deletion contains MIR185, which encodes microRNA 185. METHODS We determined miR-185 expression in embryonic and adult mouse brains. Common and rare variants at this locus were then investigated using a human genetics approach. First, we performed gene-based analyses for MIR185 common variants and target genes using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association data. Second, MIR185 was resequenced in German patients (n = 1000) and controls (n = 500). We followed up promising variants by genotyping an additional European sample (patients, n = 3598; controls, n = 4082). RESULTS In situ hybridization in mice revealed miR-185 expression in brain regions implicated in schizophrenia. Gene-based tests revealed association between common variants in 3 MIR185 target genes (ATAT1, SH3PXD2A, NTRK3) and schizophrenia. Further analyses in mice revealed overlapping expression patterns for these target genes and miR-185. Resequencing identified 2 rare patient-specific novel variants flanking MIR185. However, follow-up genotyping provided no further evidence of their involvement in schizophrenia. LIMITATIONS Power to detect rare variant associations was limited. CONCLUSION Human genetic analyses generated no evidence of the involvement of MIR185 in schizophrenia. However, the expression patterns of miR-185 and its target genes in mice, and the genetic association results for the 3 target genes, suggest that further research into the involvement of miR-185 and its downstream pathways in schizophrenia is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Correspondence to: M.M. Nöthen, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Al Chawa T, Ludwig KU, Fier H, Pötzsch B, Reich RH, Schmidt G, Braumann B, Daratsianos N, Böhmer AC, Schuencke H, Alblas M, Fricker N, Hoffmann P, Knapp M, Lange C, Nöthen MM, Mangold E. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Increased burden of rare variants within Gremlin-1, a component of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:493-8. [PMID: 24706492 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes Gremlin-1 (GREM1) and Noggin (NOG) are components of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 pathway, which has been implicated in craniofacial development. Both genes map to recently identified susceptibility loci (chromosomal region 15q13, 17q22) for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P). The aim of the present study was to determine whether rare variants in either gene are implicated in nsCL/P etiology. METHODS The complete coding regions, untranslated regions, and splice sites of GREM1 and NOG were sequenced in 96 nsCL/P patients and 96 controls of Central European ethnicity. Three burden and four nonburden tests were performed. Statistically significant results were followed up in a second case-control sample (n = 96, respectively). For rare variants observed in cases, segregation analyses were performed. RESULTS In NOG, four rare sequence variants (minor allele frequency < 1%) were identified. Here, burden and nonburden analyses generated nonsignificant results. In GREM1, 33 variants were identified, 15 of which were rare. Of these, five were novel. Significant p-values were generated in three nonburden analyses. Segregation analyses revealed incomplete penetrance for all variants investigated. CONCLUSION Our study did not provide support for NOG being the causal gene at 17q22. However, the observation of a significant excess of rare variants in GREM1 supports the hypothesis that this is the causal gene at chr. 15q13. Because no single causal variant was identified, future sequencing analyses of GREM1 should involve larger samples and the investigation of regulatory elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taofik Al Chawa
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Klinikverbund St. Antonius und St. Josef, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aldhorae KA, Böhmer AC, Ludwig KU, Esmail AHA, Al-Hebshi NN, Lippke B, Gölz L, Nöthen MM, Daratsianos N, Knapp M, Jäger A, Mangold E. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in arab populations: Genetic analysis of 15 risk loci in a novel case-control sample recruited in Yemen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:307-13. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | | - Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Molecular Research Laboratory Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Science and Technology; Sana'a Yemen
| | - Bärbel Lippke
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ludwig KU, Böhmer AC, Rubini M, Mossey PA, Herms S, Nowak S, Reutter H, Alblas MA, Lippke B, Barth S, Paredes-Zenteno M, Muñoz-Jimenez SG, Ortiz-Lopez R, Kreusch T, Hemprich A, Martini M, Braumann B, Jäger A, Pötzsch B, Molloy A, Peterlin B, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Rojas-Martinez A, Knapp M, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Mangold E. Strong association of variants around FOXE1 and orofacial clefting. J Dent Res 2014; 93:376-81. [PMID: 24563486 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514523987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (nsOFC) is a common, complex congenital disorder. The most frequent forms are nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO). Although they are generally considered distinct entities, a recent study has implicated a region around the FOXE1 gene in both nsCL/P and nsCPO. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed the 2 most strongly associated markers (rs3758249 and rs4460498) in 2 independent samples of differing ethnicities: Central European (949 nsCL/P cases, 155 nsCPO cases, 1163 controls) and Mayan Mesoamerican (156 nsCL/P cases, 10 nsCPO cases, 338 controls). While highly significant associations for both single-nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained in nsCL/P (rs4460498: p Europe = 6.50 × 10(-06), p Mayan = .0151; rs3758249: p Europe = 2.41 × 10(-05), p Mayan = .0299), no association was found in nsCPO (p > .05). Genotyping of rs4460498 in 472 independent European trios revealed significant associations for nsCL/P (p = .016) and nsCPO (p = .043). A meta-analysis of all data revealed a genomewide significant result for nsCL/P (p = 1.31 × 10(-08)), which became more significant when nsCPO cases were added (p nsOFC = 1.56 × 10(-09)). These results strongly support the FOXE1 locus as a risk factor for nsOFC. With the data of the initial study, there is now considerable evidence that this locus is the first conclusive risk factor shared between nsCL/P and nsCPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ludwig KU, Wahle P, Reutter H, Paredes-Zenteno M, Muñoz-Jimenez SG, Ortiz-Lopez R, Böhmer AC, Tessmann P, Nowak S, Nöthen MM, Knapp M, Rojas-Martinez A, Mangold E. Evaluating eight newly identified susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Mesoamerican population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 100:43-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Philipp Wahle
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Neonatology; Children's Hospital, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | | | | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine; Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon; Monterrey Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Mexico
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Tessmann
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Stefanie Nowak
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry; Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine; Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon; Monterrey Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Garg P, Ludwig KU, Böhmer AC, Rubini M, Steegers-Theunissen R, Mossey PA, Mangold E, Sharp AJ. Genome-wide analysis of parent-of-origin effects in non-syndromic orofacial clefts. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:822-30. [PMID: 24169523 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parent-of-origin (PofO) effects, such as imprinting are a phenomenon where the effect of variants depends on parental origin. Conventional association studies assume that phenotypic effects are independent of parental origin, and are thus severely underpowered to detect such non-Mendelian effects. Risk of orofacial clefts is influenced by genetic and environmental effects, the latter including maternal-specific factors such as perinatal smoking and folate intake. To identify variants showing PofO effects in orofacial clefts we have used a modification of the family-based transmission disequilibrium test to screen for biased transmission from mothers and fathers to affected offspring, biased ratios of maternal versus paternal transmission, and biased frequencies of reciprocal classes of heterozygotes among offspring. We applied these methods to analyze published genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from ∼2500 trios mainly of European and Asian ethnicity with non-syndromic orofacial clefts, followed by analysis of 64 candidate SNPs in a replication cohort of ∼1200 trios of European origin. In our combined analysis, we did not identify any SNPs achieving conventional genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)). However, we observed an overall excess of loci showing maternal versus paternal transmission bias (P=0.013), and identified two loci that showed nominally significant effects in the same direction in both the discovery and replication cohorts, raising the potential for PofO effects. These include a possible maternal-specific transmission bias associated with rs12543318 at 8q21.3, a locus identified in a recent meta-analysis of non-syndromic cleft (maternal-specific P=1.5 × 10(-7), paternal-specific P=0.17). Overall, we conclude from this analysis that there are subtle hints of PofO effects in orofacial clefting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paras Garg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Rubini
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Regine Steegers-Theunissen
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Orthodontic Unit, Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Sharp
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Böhmer AC, Mangold E, Tessmann P, Mossey PA, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Lindemans J, Bouwman-Both M, Rubini M, Franceschelli P, Aiello V, Peterlin B, Molloy AM, Nöthen MM, Knapp M, Ludwig KU. Analysis of susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic orofacial clefting in a European trio sample. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2545-9. [PMID: 24038802 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), the most common type of orofacial clefting, is one of the most frequent congenital defects. Based on epidemiological data, NSCL/P can be distinguished from nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO). Both phenotypes have a complex etiology and environmental and genetic factors are involved in their development. To date, genome-wide association studies have identified 12 genetic factors that increase the risk for NSCL/P in Europeans. Six of them have been independently replicated in samples derived from the same population. The aim of the present study was to replicate the remaining six NSCL/P risk loci in chromosomal regions 1p22.1, 1p36, 3p11.1, 8q21.3, 15q22.2, and 20q12 in a family-based sample of European descent. Each of the top-associated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) was genotyped in 343 NSCL/P and 266 NSCPO nuclear trios. Single-marker association analysis in the NSCL/P sample showed a significant association with SNP rs742071 (1p36, Pcorrected = 3.74 × 10(-3) ), which is located in the intronic region of PAX7, a gene known to be functionally implicated in craniofacial development. Two additional loci, 1p22.1 and 20q12, were nominally significant, but did not withstand correction for multiple testing. There was no evidence that the NSCL/P risk alleles contribute to the etiology of NSCPO, further supporting that these two subtypes of orofacial clefting are primarily etiologically distinct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ludwig KU, Mangold E, Herms S, Nowak S, Reutter H, Paul A, Becker J, Herberz R, AlChawa T, Nasser E, Böhmer AC, Mattheisen M, Alblas MA, Barth S, Kluck N, Lauster C, Braumann B, Reich RH, Hemprich A, Pötzsch S, Blaumeiser B, Daratsianos N, Kreusch T, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Ruczinski I, Scott AF, Beaty TH, Kramer FJ, Wienker TF, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Rubini M, Mossey PA, Hoffmann P, Lange C, Cichon S, Propping P, Knapp M, Nöthen MM. Genome-wide meta-analyses of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate identify six new risk loci. Nat Genet 2012; 44:968-71. [PMID: 22863734 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have conducted the first meta-analyses for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) using data from the two largest genome-wide association studies published to date. We confirmed associations with all previously identified loci and identified six additional susceptibility regions (1p36, 2p21, 3p11.1, 8q21.3, 13q31.1 and 15q22). Analysis of phenotypic variability identified the first specific genetic risk factor for NSCLP (nonsyndromic cleft lip plus palate) (rs8001641; P(NSCLP) = 6.51 × 10(-11); homozygote relative risk = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-3.16).
Collapse
|