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Zhang X, Wang J, Tang K, Yang Y, Liu X, Yuan S, Guo F, Zhang L, Ma K. The cell cycle regulator p16 promotes tumor infiltrated CD8 + T cell exhaustion and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:339. [PMID: 38750022 PMCID: PMC11096187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy is largely restricted by reduced viability and dysfunction of CD8+ T cells. Continuous antigen stimulation disrupts the expansion, effector function, and metabolic fitness of CD8+ T cells, leading to their differentiation into an exhausted state within the tumor microenvironment (TME). While the function of the cell cycle negative regulator p16 in senescent cells is well understood, its role in T cell exhaustion remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TCR stimulation of CD8+ T cells rapidly upregulates p16 expression, with its levels positively correlating with TCR affinity. Chronic TCR stimulation further increased p16 expression, leading to CD8+ T cell apoptosis and exhaustion differentiation, without inducing DNA damage or cell senescence. Mechanistic investigations revealed that p16 downregulates mTOR, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) associated gene expression, resulting in impaired mitochondrial fitness, reduced T cell viability, and diminished effector function. Furthermore, the deletion of p16 significantly enhances the persistence of CD8+ T cells within tumors and suppresses the terminal exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Overall, our findings elucidate how increased p16 expression reshapes T cell intracellular metabolism, drives T cell apoptosis and exhaustion differentiation, and ultimately impairs T cell anti-tumor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences (IBMS), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.
| | - Kaili Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.
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2
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Wu R, Sun F, Zhang W, Ren J, Liu GH. Targeting aging and age-related diseases with vaccines. Nat Aging 2024; 4:464-482. [PMID: 38622408 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Vaccination offers a promising strategy to combat these age-related diseases by targeting specific antigens and inducing immune responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in vaccine-based interventions targeting these diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, fibrosis and cancer, summarizing current approaches for identifying disease-associated antigens and inducing immune responses against these targets. Further, we reflect on the recent development of vaccines targeting senescent cells, as a strategy for more broadly targeting underlying causes of aging and associated pathologies. In addition to highlighting recent progress in these areas, we discuss important next steps to advance the therapeutic potential of these vaccines, including improving and robustly demonstrating efficacy in human clinical trials, as well as rigorously evaluating the safety and long-term effects of these vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Doolittle ML, Saul D, Kaur J, Rowsey JL, Vos SJ, Pavelko KD, Farr JN, Monroe DG, Khosla S. Multiparametric senescent cell phenotyping reveals targets of senolytic therapy in the aged murine skeleton. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4587. [PMID: 37524694 PMCID: PMC10390564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence drives organismal aging, yet the deep characterization of senescent cells in vivo remains incomplete. Here, we apply mass cytometry by time-of-flight using carefully validated antibodies to analyze senescent cells at single-cell resolution. We use multiple criteria to identify senescent mesenchymal cells that are growth-arrested and resistant to apoptosis. These p16 + Ki67-BCL-2+ cells are highly enriched for senescence-associated secretory phenotype and DNA damage markers, are strongly associated with age, and their percentages are increased in late osteoblasts/osteocytes and CD24high osteolineage cells. Moreover, both late osteoblasts/osteocytes and CD24high osteolineage cells are robustly cleared by genetic and pharmacologic senolytic therapies in aged mice. Following isolation, CD24+ skeletal cells exhibit growth arrest, senescence-associated β-galactosidase positivity, and impaired osteogenesis in vitro. These studies thus provide an approach using multiplexed protein profiling to define senescent mesenchymal cells in vivo and identify specific skeletal cell populations cleared by senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Doolittle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Clinic, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rowsey
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie J Vos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kevin D Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Haston S, Gonzalez-Gualda E, Morsli S, Ge J, Reen V, Calderwood A, Moutsopoulos I, Panousopoulos L, Deletic P, Carreno G, Guiho R, Manshaei S, Gonzalez-Meljem JM, Lim HY, Simpson DJ, Birch J, Pallikonda HA, Chandra T, Macias D, Doherty GJ, Rassl DM, Rintoul RC, Signore M, Mohorianu I, Akbar AN, Gil J, Muñoz-Espín D, Martinez-Barbera JP. Clearance of senescent macrophages ameliorates tumorigenesis in KRAS-driven lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1242-1260.e6. [PMID: 37267953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment can drive tumorigenesis in a paracrine manner through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Using a new p16-FDR mouse line, we show that macrophages and endothelial cells are the predominant senescent cell types in murine KRAS-driven lung tumors. Through single cell transcriptomics, we identify a population of tumor-associated macrophages that express a unique array of pro-tumorigenic SASP factors and surface proteins and are also present in normal aged lungs. Genetic or senolytic ablation of senescent cells, or macrophage depletion, result in a significant decrease in tumor burden and increased survival in KRAS-driven lung cancer models. Moreover, we reveal the presence of macrophages with senescent features in human lung pre-malignant lesions, but not in adenocarcinomas. Taken together, our results have uncovered the important role of senescent macrophages in the initiation and progression of lung cancer, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues and cancer preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Haston
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | | | - Samir Morsli
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jianfeng Ge
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virinder Reen
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander Calderwood
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ilias Moutsopoulos
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Leonidas Panousopoulos
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Polina Deletic
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Carreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Romain Guiho
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Saba Manshaei
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Hui Yuan Lim
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Jodie Birch
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Husayn A Pallikonda
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Generics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Macias
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gary J Doherty
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; CRUK Cambridge Centre Thoracic Cancer Programme, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimo Signore
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Espín
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; CRUK Cambridge Centre Thoracic Cancer Programme, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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5
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Sugiyama Y, Harada T, Kamei Y, Yasuda T, Mashimo T, Nishikimi A, Maruyama M. A senolytic immunotoxin eliminates p16 INK4a-positive T cells and ameliorates age-associated phenotypes of CD4 + T cells in a surface marker knock-in mouse. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112130. [PMID: 36822486 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells were recently shown to play a role in aging-related malfunctions and pathologies. This consensus has been facilitated by evidence from senolytic model mice capable of eliminating senescent cells in tissues using well-characterized senescent markers, such as p16INK4a (hereafter p16). However, since the incomplete or artificial gene expression regulatory regions of manipulated marker genes affect their cognate expression, it currently remains unclear whether these models accurately reflect physiological senescence. We herein describe a novel approach to eliminate p16-expressing cells from mice at any given point in time, generating a new type of knock-in model, p16hCD2 mice and a toxin-conjugated anti-human CD2 antibody (hCD2-SAP) as an inducer. p16hCD2 mice possess an intact Cdkn2a locus that includes a p16 coding region and human CD2 (hCD2) expression unit. We confirmed cognate p16-associated hCD2 expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in several tissues, such as the spleen, liver, and skin. We detected chronological increases in the hCD2-positive population in T lymphocytes that occurred in a p16-dependent manner, which reflected physiological aging. We then confirmed the high sensitivity of hCD2-SAP to hCD2 and validated its efficacy to remove p16-positive cells, particularly in T lymphocytes. The multiple administration of hCD2-SAP for a prolonged p16-positive cell deficiency partially restored aging-related phenotypes in T lymphocytes, such as the contraction of the CD4+ naïve population and expansion of senescence-associated T cells. Our novel approach of targeting p16-positive senescent cells will provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying physiological aging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sugiyama
- Department of Inflammation and Immunosenescence, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tanenobu Harada
- Department of Inflammation and Immunosenescence, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuka Kamei
- Department of Inflammation and Immunosenescence, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nishikimi
- Biosafety Division, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Maruyama
- Department of Inflammation and Immunosenescence, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Aging Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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6
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Zhao B, Wu B, Feng N, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Zhang W. Aging microenvironment and antitumor immunity for geriatric oncology: the landscape and future implications. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36945046 PMCID: PMC10032017 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively investigated; however, it is complex and remains unclear, especially in elderly patients. Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals, which is characterized by stable arrest of the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. To the best of our knowledge, senescence leads to consistent arrest of tumor cells and remodeling of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) by activating a set of pleiotropic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases, which constitute the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). On the one hand, the SASP promotes antitumor immunity, which enhances treatment efficacy; on the other hand, the SASP increases immunosuppressive cell infiltration, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), M2 macrophages, and N2 neutrophils, contributing to TIME suppression. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the regulation of the SASP and components contributing to robust antitumor immunity in elderly individuals with different cancer types and the available therapies is necessary to control tumor cell senescence and provide greater clinical benefits to patients. In this review, we summarize the key biological functions mediated by cytokines and intercellular interactions and significant components of the TME landscape, which influence the immunotherapy response in geriatric oncology. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in clinical practices targeting TME components and discuss potential senescent TME targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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7
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Mainwaring OJ, Weishaupt H, Zhao M, Rosén G, Borgenvik A, Breinschmid L, Verbaan AD, Richardson S, Thompson D, Clifford SC, Hill RM, Annusver K, Sundström A, Holmberg KO, Kasper M, Hutter S, Swartling FJ. ARF suppression by MYC but not MYCN confers increased malignancy of aggressive pediatric brain tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1221. [PMID: 36869047 PMCID: PMC9984535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, often harbors MYC amplifications. Compared to high-grade gliomas, MYC-amplified medulloblastomas often show increased photoreceptor activity and arise in the presence of a functional ARF/p53 suppressor pathway. Here, we generate an immunocompetent transgenic mouse model with regulatable MYC that develop clonal tumors that molecularly resemble photoreceptor-positive Group 3 medulloblastoma. Compared to MYCN-expressing brain tumors driven from the same promoter, pronounced ARF silencing is present in our MYC-expressing model and in human medulloblastoma. While partial Arf suppression causes increased malignancy in MYCN-expressing tumors, complete Arf depletion promotes photoreceptor-negative high-grade glioma formation. Computational models and clinical data further identify drugs targeting MYC-driven tumors with a suppressed but functional ARF pathway. We show that the HSP90 inhibitor, Onalespib, significantly targets MYC-driven but not MYCN-driven tumors in an ARF-dependent manner. The treatment increases cell death in synergy with cisplatin and demonstrates potential for targeting MYC-driven medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Mainwaring
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura Breinschmid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annemieke D Verbaan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stacey Richardson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dean Thompson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Rebecca M Hill
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Oreff GL, Maurer B, ELKhamary AN, Gerner I, Sexl V, Jenner F. Immortalized murine tenocyte cells: a novel and innovative tool for tendon research. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1566. [PMID: 36709227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary tenocytes rapidly undergo senescence and a phenotypic drift upon in vitro monolayer culture, which limits tendon research. The Ink4a/Arf locus encodes the proteins p16Ink4a/Arf and p14ARF (p19ARF in mice) that regulate cell cycle progression and senescence. We here established an immortalized cell line using tenocytes isolated from Ink4a/Arf deficient mice (Ink4a/Arf-/-). These cells were investigated at three distinct time points, at low (2-5), intermediate (14-17) and high (35-44) passages. Wild-type cells at low passage (2-5) served as controls. Ink4a/Arf-/- tenocytes at all stages were comparable to wild-type cells regarding morphology, expression of tenogeneic genes (collagen type 1, 3 and 5, Scleraxis, Tenomodulin and Tenascin-C), and surface markers (CD29, CD44 and CD105) and form 3D tendon-like structures. Importantly, Ink4a/Arf-/- tenocytes maintained their phenotypic features and proliferation potential in culture for more than 40 passages and also following freeze-thaw cycles. In contrast, wild-type tenocytes underwent senescence starting in passage 6. These data define Ink4a/Arf-/- tenocytes as novel tool for in vitro tendon research and as valuable in vitro alternative to animal experiments.
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Doolittle ML, Saul D, Kaur J, Rowsey JL, Vos SJ, Pavelko KD, Farr JN, Monroe DG, Khosla S. Multiparametric senescent cell phenotyping reveals CD24 osteolineage cells as targets of senolytic therapy in the aged murine skeleton. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.12.523760. [PMID: 36711531 PMCID: PMC9882155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Senescence drives organismal aging, yet the deep characterization of senescent cells in vivo remains incomplete. Here, we applied mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) using carefully validated antibodies to analyze senescent cells at single-cell resolution. We used multiple criteria to identify senescent mesenchymal cells that were growth arrested and resistant to apoptosis (p16+/Ki67-/BCL-2+; "p16KB" cells). These cells were highly enriched for senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and DNA damage markers and were strongly associated with age. p16KB cell percentages were also increased in CD24+ osteolineage cells, which exhibited an inflammatory SASP in aged mice and were robustly cleared by both genetic and pharmacologic senolytic therapies. Following isolation, CD24+ skeletal cells exhibited growth arrest, SA-βgal positivity, and impaired osteogenesis in vitro . These studies thus provide a new approach using multiplexed protein profiling by CyTOF to define senescent mesenchymal cells in vivo and identify a highly inflammatory, senescent CD24+ osteolineage population cleared by senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Doolittle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Clinic, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Rowsey
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Vos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kevin D. Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joshua N. Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David G. Monroe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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Tian Y, Zhou J, Qiao J, Liu Z, Gu L, Zhang B, Lu Y, Xing R, Deng D. Detection of somatic copy number deletion of the CDKN2A gene by quantitative multiplex PCR for clinical practice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1038380. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1038380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA feasible method to detect somatic copy number deletion (SCND) of genes is still absent to date.MethodsInterstitial base-resolution deletion/fusion coordinates for CDKN2A were extracted from published articles and our whole genome sequencing (WGS) datasets. The copy number of the CDKN2A gene was measured with a quantitative multiplex PCR assay P16-Light and confirmed with whole genome sequencing (WGS).ResultsEstimated common deletion regions (CDRs) were observed in many tumor suppressor genes, such as ATM, CDKN2A, FAT1, miR31HG, PTEN, and RB1, in the SNP array-based COSMIC datasets. A 5.1 kb base-resolution CDR could be identified in >90% of cancer samples with CDKN2A deletion by sequencing. The CDKN2A CDR covers exon-2, which is essential for P16INK4A and P14ARF synthesis. Using the true CDKN2A CDR as a PCR target, a quantitative multiplex PCR assay P16-Light was programmed to detect CDKN2A gene copy number. P16-Light was further confirmed with WGS as the gold standard among cancer tissue samples from 139 patients.ConclusionThe 5.1 kb CDKN2A CDR was found in >90% of cancers containing CDKN2A deletion. The CDKN2A CDR was used as a potential target for developing the P16-Light assay to detect CDKN2A SCND and amplification for routine clinical practices.
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Guo D, Zhang L, Wang X, Zheng J, Lin S. Establishment methods and research progress of livestock and poultry immortalized cell lines: A review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:956357. [PMID: 36118350 PMCID: PMC9478797 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.956357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An infinite cell line is one of the most favored experimental tools and plays an irreplaceable role in cell-based biological research. Primary cells from normal animal tissues undergo a limited number of divisions and subcultures in vitro before they enter senescence and die. On the contrary, an infinite cell line is a population of non-senescent cells that could proliferate indefinitely in vitro under the stimulation of external factors such as physicochemical stimulation, virus infection, or transfer of immortality genes. Cell immortalization is the basis for establishing an infinite cell line, and previous studies have found that methods to obtain immortalized cells mainly included physical and chemical stimulations, heterologous expression of viral oncogenes, increased telomerase activity, and spontaneous formation. However, some immortalized cells do not necessarily proliferate permanently even though they can extend their lifespan compared with primary cells. An infinite cell line not only avoids the complicated process of collecting primary cell, it also provides a convenient and reliable tool for studying scientific problems in biology. At present, how to establish a stable infinite cell line to maximize the proliferation of cells while maintaining the normal function of cells is a hot issue in the biological community. This review briefly introduces the methods of cell immortalization, discusses the related progress of establishing immortalized cell lines in livestock and poultry, and compares the characteristics of several methods, hoping to provide some ideas for generating new immortalized cell lines.
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12
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Braumüller H, Mauerer B, Berlin C, Plundrich D, Marbach P, Cauchy P, Laessle C, Biesel E, Holzner PA, Kesselring R. Senescent Tumor Cells in the Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Drive Immunosenescence in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908449. [PMID: 35844581 PMCID: PMC9279937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of all patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop distant metastasis and, depending on the local stage of the primary tumor, up to 48% of patients present peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). PC is often considered as a widespread metastatic disease, which is almost resistant to current systemic therapies like chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic regimens. Here we could show that tumor cells of PC besides being senescent also exhibit stem cell features. To investigate these surprising findings in more detail, we established a murine model based on tumor organoids that resembles the clinical setting. In this murine orthotopic transplantation model for peritoneal carcinomatosis, we could show that the metastatic site in the peritoneum is responsible for senescence and stemness induction in tumor cells and that induction of senescence is not due to oncogene activation or therapy. In both mouse and human PC, senescence is associated with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PC. SASP factors are able to induce a senescence phenotype in neighbouring cells. Here we could show that SASP leads to enhanced immunosenescence in the TME of PC. Our results provide a new immunoescape mechanism in PC explaining the resistance of PC to known chemo- and immunotherapeutic approaches. Therefore, senolytic approaches may represent a novel roadmap to target this terminal stage of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Braumüller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Heidi Braumüller,
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Berlin
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Marbach
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Laessle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Biesel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Anton Holzner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Marney CB, Anderson ES, Baum R, Schmitt AM. A Unique Spectrum of Spontaneous Tumors in Dino Knockout Mice Identifies Tissue-Specific Requirements for Tumor Suppression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111818. [PMID: 35681513 PMCID: PMC9180304 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that Dino, a lncRNA required for p53 signaling, suppresses spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice. Dino−/− mice develop significantly more malignant tumors than Dino+/+ littermate controls, consisting predominantly of sarcomas, B cell lymphomas and additional rare tumors. While the prevalence of lymphomas and sarcomas in Dino−/− mice is similar to that of mice with p53 loss, important distinctions emerged. p53-null mice predominantly develop T cell lymphomas; however, no spontaneous T cell lymphoma was observed in Dino−/− mice. Rather than being a phenocopy of the p53-null tumor spectrum, spontaneous tumors in Dino−/− mice resemble the spectrum of human cancers in which DINO is recurrently silenced by methylation in a manner that is mutually exclusive with TP53 alterations, suggesting that similar tissues in human and mouse require DINO for tumor suppression. Consistent with a tissue-specific role for Dino in tumor suppression, loss of Dino had no impact on the development of radiation-induced T cell lymphoma and oncogene-driven medulloblastoma, tumors that are accelerated by the loss of p53. Taken together, these data indicate that Dino serves as a potent tumor suppressor molecule specific to a select subset of tissues in mice and humans.
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Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals that is characterized by a stable withdrawal from the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. While most research on senescence has been performed on non-cancer cells, it is evident that cancer cells can also mount a senescence response. In this Review, we discuss how senescence can be induced in cancer cells. We describe the distinctive features of senescent cancer cells and how these changes in cellular physiology might be exploited for the selective eradication of these cells (senolysis). We discuss activation of the host immune system as a particularly attractive way to clear senescent cancer cells. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities provided by a 'one-two punch' sequential treatment of cancer with pro-senescence therapy followed by senolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Lankhorst
- Cancer, Stem Cells & Developmental Biology programme, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shimada-Takayama Y, Yasuda T, Ukai T, Taguchi J, Ozawa M, Sankoda N, Ohta S, Yamada Y. Generation of mice for evaluating endogenous p16Ink4a protein expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Safwan-zaiter H, Wagner N, Michiels J, Wagner K. Dynamic Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of the Senescence-Associated Factor p16Ink4a in Development and Aging. Cells 2022; 11:541. [PMID: 35159350 PMCID: PMC8833900 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of factors have been attributed to underly aging, including oxidative stress, telomere shortening and cellular senescence. Several studies have shown a significant role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16ink4a in senescence and aging. However, its expression in development has been less well documented. Therefore, to further clarify a potential role of p16 in development and aging, we conducted a developmental expression study of p16, as well as of p19ARF and p21, and investigated their expression on the RNA level in brain, heart, liver, and kidney of mice at embryonic, postnatal, adult, and old ages. P16 expression was further assessed on the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Expression of p16 was highly dynamic in all organs in embryonic and postnatal stages and increased dramatically in old mice. Expression of p19 and p21 was less variable and increased to a moderate extent at old age. In addition, we observed a predominant expression of p16 mRNA and protein in liver endothelial cells versus non-endothelial cells of old mice, which suggests a functional role specifically in liver endothelium of old subjects. Thus, p16 dynamic spatiotemporal expression might implicate p16 in developmental and physiological processes in addition to its well-known function in the build-up of senescence.
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17
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Kung CP, Weber JD. It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818744. [PMID: 35155432 PMCID: PMC8833255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
| | - Jason D. Weber
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
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Desaulniers D, Vasseur P, Jacobs A, Aguila MC, Ertych N, Jacobs MN. Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10969. [PMID: 34681626 PMCID: PMC8535778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Hazard Identification Division, Health Canada, AL:2203B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paule Vasseur
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Abigail Jacobs
- Independent at the Time of Publication, Previously US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - M. Cecilia Aguila
- Toxicology Team, Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Norman Ertych
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OX11 0RQ, UK;
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TERAMOTO N, IKEDA M, SUGIHARA H, SHIGA T, MATSUWAKI T, NISHIHARA M, UCHIDA K, YAMANOUCHI K. Loss of p16/Ink4a drives high frequency of rhabdomyosarcoma in a rat model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1416-1424. [PMID: 34334511 PMCID: PMC8498826 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive type of soft tissue sarcoma, and pleomorphic RMS is a rare subtype of RMS found in adult. p16 is a tumor suppressor which inhibits cell cycle. In human RMS, p16 gene is frequently deleted, but p16-null mice do not develop RMS. We reported that genetic ablation of p16 by the crossbreeding of p16 knock-out rats (p16-KO rats) improved the dystrophic phenotype of a rat model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Dmd-KO rats). However, p16/Dmd double knock-out rats (dKO rats) unexpectedly developed sarcoma. In the present study, we raised p16-KO, Dmd-KO, and dKO rats until 11 months of age. Twelve out of 22 dKO rats developed pleomorphic RMS after 9 months of age, while none of p16-KO rats and Dmd-KO rats developed tumor. The neoplasms were connected to skeletal muscle tissue with indistinct borders and characterized by diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic cells which had eosinophilic cytoplasm and atypical nuclei with anisokaryosis. For almost all cases, the tumor cells immunohistochemically expressed myogenic markers including desmin, MyoD, and myogenin. The single cell cloning from tumor primary cells gained 20 individual Pax7-negative MyoD-positive RMS cell clones. Our results demonstrated that double knock-out of p16 and dystrophin in rats leads to the development of pleomorphic RMS, providing an animal model that may be useful to study the developmental mechanism of pleomorphic RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi TERAMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masanari IKEDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi SUGIHARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takanori SHIGA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi MATSUWAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masugi NISHIHARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keitaro YAMANOUCHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Novais EJ, Tran VA, Johnston SN, Darris KR, Roupas AJ, Sessions GA, Shapiro IM, Diekman BO, Risbud MV. Long-term treatment with senolytic drugs Dasatinib and Quercetin ameliorates age-dependent intervertebral disc degeneration in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5213. [PMID: 34480023 PMCID: PMC8417260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is highly prevalent within the elderly population and is a leading cause of chronic back pain and disability. Due to the link between disc degeneration and senescence, we explored the ability of the Dasatinib and Quercetin drug combination (D + Q) to prevent an age-dependent progression of disc degeneration in mice. We treated C57BL/6 mice beginning at 6, 14, and 18 months of age, and analyzed them at 23 months of age. Interestingly, 6- and 14-month D + Q cohorts show lower incidences of degeneration, and the treatment results in a significant decrease in senescence markers p16INK4a, p19ARF, and SASP molecules IL-6 and MMP13. Treatment also preserves cell viability, phenotype, and matrix content. Although transcriptomic analysis shows disc compartment-specific effects of the treatment, cell death and cytokine response pathways are commonly modulated across tissue types. Results suggest that senolytics may provide an attractive strategy to mitigating age-dependent disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel J. Novais
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Victoria A. Tran
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shira N. Johnston
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kayla R. Darris
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Alex J. Roupas
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Garrett A. Sessions
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Irving M. Shapiro
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Brian O. Diekman
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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Lagopati N, Belogiannis K, Angelopoulou A, Papaspyropoulos A, Gorgoulis V. Non-Canonical Functions of the ARF Tumor Suppressor in Development and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:86. [PMID: 33445626 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P14ARF (ARF; Alternative Reading Frame) is an extensively characterized tumor suppressor which, in response to oncogenic stimuli, mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent and independent routes. ARF has been shown to be frequently lost through CpG island promoter methylation in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and gastric cancers, while point mutations and deletions in the p14ARF locus have been linked with various forms of melanomas and glioblastomas. Although ARF has been mostly studied in the context of tumorigenesis, it has been also implicated in purely developmental processes, such as spermatogenesis, and mammary gland and ocular development, while it has been additionally involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, ARF has been found to hold important roles in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. As is often the case with tumor suppressors, ARF functions as a pleiotropic protein regulating a number of different mechanisms at the crossroad of development and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide an overview of the non-canonical functions of ARF in cancer and developmental biology, by dissecting the crosstalk of ARF signaling with key oncogenic and developmental pathways.
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell cycle arrest in damaged or aged cells. Although this represents a critical mechanism of tumor suppression, persistence of senescent cells during aging induces chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction through the adoption of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This has been shown to promote the progression of age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. As the global population ages, the role of cellular senescence in disease is becoming a more critical area of research. In this review, mechanisms, biomarkers, and pathology of cellular senescence and SASP are described with a brief discussion of literature supporting a role for cellular senescence in veterinary diseases. Cell culture and mouse models used in senescence studies are also reviewed including the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone (SAMP), senescence pathway knockout mice (p53, p21 [CDKN1A], and p16 [CDKN2A]), and the more recently developed senolysis mice, which allow for direct visualization and elimination (or lysis) of senescent cells in live mice (p16-3MR and INK-ATTAC). These and other mouse models have demonstrated the importance of cellular senescence in embryogenesis and wound healing but have also identified a therapeutic benefit for targeting persistent senescent cells in age-associated diseases including neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Beck
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, 313611National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, 313611National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, 313611National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Mühleder S, Fernández-Chacón M, Garcia-Gonzalez I, Benedito R. Endothelial sprouting, proliferation, or senescence: tipping the balance from physiology to pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1329-1354. [PMID: 33078209 PMCID: PMC7904752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic modulation of vascular cell proliferation and migration is essential for the effective inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer or its induction in cardiovascular disease. The general view is that an increase in vascular growth factor levels or mitogenic stimulation is beneficial for angiogenesis, since it leads to an increase in both endothelial proliferation and sprouting. However, several recent studies showed that an increase in mitogenic stimuli can also lead to the arrest of angiogenesis. This is due to the existence of intrinsic signaling feedback loops and cell cycle checkpoints that work in synchrony to maintain a balance between endothelial proliferation and sprouting. This balance is tightly and effectively regulated during tissue growth and is often deregulated or impaired in disease. Most therapeutic strategies used so far to promote vascular growth simply increase mitogenic stimuli, without taking into account its deleterious effects on this balance and on vascular cells. Here, we review the main findings on the mechanisms controlling physiological vascular sprouting, proliferation, and senescence and how those mechanisms are often deregulated in acquired or congenital cardiovascular disease leading to a diverse range of pathologies. We also discuss alternative approaches to increase the effectiveness of pro-angiogenic therapies in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mühleder
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Fernández-Chacón
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Garcia-Gonzalez
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Deleye Y, Cotte AK, Hannou SA, Hennuyer N, Bernard L, Derudas B, Caron S, Legry V, Vallez E, Dorchies E, Martin N, Lancel S, Annicotte JS, Bantubungi K, Pourtier A, Raverdy V, Pattou F, Lefebvre P, Abbadie C, Staels B, Haas JT, Paumelle R. CDKN2A/p16INK4a suppresses hepatic fatty acid oxidation through the AMPKα2-SIRT1-PPARα signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17310-17322. [PMID: 33037071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their well-known role in the control of cellular proliferation and cancer, cell cycle regulators are increasingly identified as important metabolic modulators. Several GWAS have identified SNPs near CDKN2A, the locus encoding for p16INK4a (p16), associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes development, two pathologies associated with impaired hepatic lipid metabolism. Although p16 was recently shown to control hepatic glucose homeostasis, it is unknown whether p16 also controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that p16 modulates fasting-induced hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and lipid droplet accumulation. In primary hepatocytes, p16-deficiency was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism. These transcriptional changes led to increased FAO and were associated with enhanced activation of PPARα through a mechanism requiring the catalytic AMPKα2 subunit and SIRT1, two known activators of PPARα. By contrast, p16 overexpression was associated with triglyceride accumulation and increased lipid droplet numbers in vitro, and decreased ketogenesis and hepatic mitochondrial activity in vivo Finally, gene expression analysis of liver samples from obese patients revealed a negative correlation between CDKN2A expression and PPARA and its target genes. Our findings demonstrate that p16 represses hepatic lipid catabolism during fasting and may thus participate in the preservation of metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Deleye
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Alexia Karen Cotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Anissa Hannou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Bernard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Legry
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Univ. Lille, CNRSInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | | | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRSInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 1190-EGID, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 1190-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRSInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France.
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Seo J, Seong D, Lee SR, Oh DB, Song J. Post-Translational Regulation of ARF: Perspective in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1143. [PMID: 32759846 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis can be induced by various stresses that cause aberrant DNA mutations and unhindered cell proliferation. Under such conditions, normal cells autonomously induce defense mechanisms, thereby stimulating tumor suppressor activation. ARF, encoded by the CDKN2a locus, is one of the most frequently mutated or deleted tumor suppressors in human cancer. The safeguard roles of ARF in tumorigenesis are mainly mediated via the MDM2-p53 axis, which plays a prominent role in tumor suppression. Under normal conditions, low p53 expression is stringently regulated by its target gene, MDM2 E3 ligase, which induces p53 degradation in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. Oncogenic signals induced by MYC, RAS, and E2Fs trap MDM2 in the inhibited state by inducing ARF expression as a safeguard measure, thereby activating the tumor-suppressive function of p53. In addition to the MDM2-p53 axis, ARF can also interact with diverse proteins and regulate various cellular functions, such as cellular senescence, apoptosis, and anoikis, in a p53-independent manner. As the evidence indicating ARF as a key tumor suppressor has been accumulated, there is growing evidence that ARF is sophisticatedly fine-tuned by the diverse factors through transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we mainly focused on how cancer cells employ transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms to manipulate ARF activities to circumvent the tumor-suppressive function of ARF. We further discussed the clinical implications of ARF in human cancer.
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Ishida K, Tomita H, Kanayama T, Noguchi K, Niwa A, Kawaguchi M, Miyai M, Matsuo M, Imaizumi Y, Kato K, Hatano Y, Hirata A, Okada H, Shibata T, Hara A. Specific Deletion of p16 INK4a with Retention of p19 ARF Enhances the Development of Invasive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2020; 190:1332-1342. [PMID: 32194051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)/alternate reading frame (ARF) locus consists of two overlapping tumor suppressor genes, p16INK4a and p14ARF (p19ARF in mice), encoding two unrelated proteins in alternative reading frames. Previous reports suggest that p16INK4a and p14ARF alterations independently exhibit differential roles, and p16INK4a is more closely associated with a poor prognosis in oral cancer. However, the role of p16INK4a-specific loss in oral squamous cell carcinogenesis remains unclear. The authors assessed chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced multistep oral squamous cell carcinogenesis in mice carrying p16INK4a-specific loss with retention of the p19ARF gene (p16INK4a-/-). 4NQO-treated p16-/- mice exhibited a higher incidence and multiplicity of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development relative to 4NQO-treated wild-type mice. 4NQO-treated p16INK4a-/- OSCC cells exhibited higher proliferation and up-regulation of Arf, transcription factor E2f1, tumor protein p63 (tp63), and oncogenic ΔNp63, an isoform p63, compared with observations in 4NQO-treated wild-type OSCC cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of oncogenic ΔNp63 was associated with human OSCC. In conclusion, these results in mice indicate the biological significance of p16INK4a-specific loss with retention of p19ARF in oral squamous cell carcinogenesis, and ΔNp63 may be a potential target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaya Kawaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyai
- Department of Neuronal Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Imaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keizo Kato
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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27
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Kim KH, Cho Y, Lee J, Jeong H, Lee Y, Kim SI, Kim CH, Lee HW, Nam KT. Sexually dimorphic leanness and hypermobility in p16 Ink4a/CDKN2A-deficient mice coincides with phenotypic changes in the cerebellum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11167. [PMID: 31371816 PMCID: PMC6671985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
p16Ink4a/CDKN2A is a tumor suppressor that critically regulates the cell cycle. Indeed, p16Ink4a deficiency promotes tumor formation in various tissues. We now report that p16Ink4a deficiency in female mice, but not male mice, induces leanness especially in old age, as indicated by lower body weight and smaller white adipose tissue, although other major organs are unaffected. Unexpectedly, the integrity, number, and sizes of adipocytes in white adipose tissue were unaffected, as was macrophage infiltration. Hence, hypermobility appeared to be accountable for the phenotype, since food consumption was not altered. Histological analysis of the cerebellum and deep cerebellar nuclei, a vital sensorimotor control center, revealed increased proliferation of neuronal cells and improved cerebellum integrity. Expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and PCNA also increased in deep cerebellar nuclei, implying crosstalk between p16Ink4a and ERβ. Furthermore, p16Ink4a deficiency expands LC3B+ cells and GFAP+ astrocytes in response to estrogen. Collectively, the data suggest that loss of p16INK4a induces sexually dimorphic leanness in female mice, which appears to be due to protection against cerebellar senescence by promoting neuronal proliferation and homeostasis via ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo In Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Knoppert SN, Valentijn FA, Nguyen TQ, Goldschmeding R, Falke LL. Cellular Senescence and the Kidney: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Tools. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:770. [PMID: 31354486 PMCID: PMC6639430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health burden (affecting approximately 13.4% of the population). Currently, no curative treatment options are available and treatment is focused on limiting the disease progression. The accumulation of senescent cells has been implicated in the development of kidney fibrosis by limiting tissue rejuvenation and through the secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory mediators termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The clearance of senescent cells in aging models results in improved kidney function, which shows promise for the options of targeting senescent cells in CKD. There are several approaches for the development of “senotherapies”, the most rigorous of which is the elimination of senescent cells by the so-called senolytic drugs either newly developed or repurposed for off-target effects in terms of selectively inducing apoptosis in senescent cells. Several chemotherapeutics and checkpoint inhibitors currently used in daily oncological practice show senolytic properties. However, the applicability of such senolytic compounds for the treatment of renal diseases has hardly been investigated. A serious concern is that systemic side effects will limit the use of senolytics for kidney fibrosis. Specifically targeting senescent cells and/or targeted drug delivery to the kidney might circumvent these side effects. In this review, we discuss the connection between CKD and senescence, the pharmacological options for targeting senescent cells, and the means to specifically target the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian N Knoppert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris A Valentijn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lucas L Falke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Abstract
In response to a variety of cancer-inducing stresses, cells may engage a stable cell cycle arrest mechanism, termed cellular senescence, to suppress the proliferation of preneoplastic cells. Despite this cell intrinsic tumor suppression, senescent cells have also been implicated as active contributors to tumorigenesis by extrinsically promoting many hallmarks of cancer, including evasion of the immune system. Here, we discuss these dual, and seemingly contradictory, roles of senescence during tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we highlight findings of how senescent cells can influence the immune system and discuss the possibility that immune cells themselves may be acquiring senescence-associated alterations. Lastly, we discuss how senescent cell avoidance or clearance may impact pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis I Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, .,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,
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30
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Vymetalkova V, Vodicka P, Vodenkova S, Alonso S, Schneider-Stock R. DNA methylation and chromatin modifiers in colorectal cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:73-92. [PMID: 31028771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the accumulation of genetic alterations over time that ultimately leads to disease progression and metastasis. Binding of transcription factors to gene promoter regions alone cannot explain the complex regulation pattern of gene expression during this process. It is the chromatin structure that allows for a high grade of regulatory flexibility for gene expression. Posttranslational modifications on histone proteins such as acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation determine the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. DNA methylation, a chemical modification of DNA that modulates chromatin structure and gene transcription acts in concert with these chromatin conformation alterations. Another epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression is represented by small non-coding RNAs. Only very recently epigenetic alterations have been included in molecular subtype classification of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this chapter, we will provide examples of the different epigenetic players, focus on their role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic processes and discuss their prognostic value in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Vodenkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, (IGTP-PMPPC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Novais EJ, Diekman BO, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. p16 Ink4a deletion in cells of the intervertebral disc affects their matrix homeostasis and senescence associated secretory phenotype without altering onset of senescence. Matrix Biol 2019; 82:54-70. [PMID: 30811968 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is an important contributor to chronic low back and neck pain. Although many environmental and genetic factors are known to contribute to disc degeneration, age is still the most significant risk factor. Recent studies have shown that senescence may play a role in age-related disc degeneration and matrix catabolism in humans and mouse models. Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells reduces the degenerative phenotype in many age-associated diseases. Whether p16Ink4a plays a functional role in intervertebral disc degeneration and senescence is unknown. We first characterized the senescence status of discs in young and old mice. Quantitative histology, gene expression and a novel p16tdTom reporter mice showed an increase in p16Ink4a, p21 and IL-6, with a decrease in Ki67 with aging. Accordingly, we studied the spinal-phenotype of 18-month-old mice with conditional deletion of p16Ink4a in the disc driven by Acan-CreERT2 (cKO). The analyses of discs of cKO and age-matched control mice showed little change in cell morphology and tissue architecture. The cKO mice exhibited changes in functional attributes of aggrecan as well as in collagen composition of the intervertebral disc. While cKO discs exhibited a small decrease in TUNEL positive cells, lineage tracing experiments using ZsGreen reporter indicated that the overall changes in cell fate or numbers were minimal. The cKO mice maintained expression of NP-cell phenotypic markers CA3, Krt19 and GLUT-1. Moreover, in cKO discs, levels of p19Arf and RB were higher without alterations in Ki67, γH2AX, CDK4 and Lipofuscin deposition. Interestingly, the cKO discs showed lower levels of SASP markers, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1 and TGF-β1. These results show that while, p16Ink4a is dispensable for induction and maintenance of senescence, conditional loss of p16Ink4a reduces apoptosis, limits the SASP phenotype and alters matrix homeostasis of disc cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel J Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
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Liu JY, Souroullas GP, Diekman BO, Krishnamurthy J, Hall BM, Sorrentino JA, Parker JS, Sessions GA, Gudkov AV, Sharpless NE. Cells exhibiting strong p16 INK4a promoter activation in vivo display features of senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2603-11. [PMID: 30683717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818313116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells over a lifetime causes age-related pathologies; however, the inability to reliably identify senescent cells in vivo has hindered clinical efforts to employ this knowledge as a means to ameliorate or reverse aging. Here, we describe a reporter allele, p16tdTom, enabling the in vivo identification and isolation of cells featuring high-level activation of the p16INK4a promoter. Our findings provide an insight into the functional and molecular characteristics of p16INK4a-activated cells in vitro and in vivo. We show that such cells accumulate with aging or other models of injury, and that they exhibit clinically targetable features of cellular senescence. The activation of cellular senescence throughout the lifespan promotes tumor suppression, whereas the persistence of senescent cells contributes to aspects of aging. This theory has been limited, however, by an inability to identify and isolate individual senescent cells within an intact organism. Toward that end, we generated a murine reporter strain by “knocking-in” a fluorochrome, tandem-dimer Tomato (tdTom), into exon 1α of the p16INK4a locus. We used this allele (p16tdTom) for the enumeration, isolation, and characterization of individual p16INK4a-expressing cells (tdTom+). The half-life of the knocked-in transcript was shorter than that of the endogenous p16INK4a mRNA, and therefore reporter expression better correlated with p16INK4a promoter activation than p16INK4a transcript abundance. The frequency of tdTom+ cells increased with serial passage in cultured murine embryo fibroblasts from p16tdTom/+ mice. In adult mice, tdTom+ cells could be readily detected at low frequency in many tissues, and the frequency of these cells increased with aging. Using an in vivo model of peritoneal inflammation, we compared the phenotype of cells with or without activation of p16INK4a and found that tdTom+ macrophages exhibited some features of senescence, including reduced proliferation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activation, and increased mRNA expression of a subset of transcripts encoding factors involved in SA-secretory phenotype (SASP). These results indicate that cells harboring activation of the p16INK4a promoter accumulate with aging and inflammation in vivo, and display characteristics of senescence.
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Park BM, Roh JI, Lee J, Lee HW. Generation of knockout mouse models of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors by engineered nuclease-mediated genome editing. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:264-9. [PMID: 30671114 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle dysfunction can cause severe diseases, including neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors controlling the G1 phase of the cell cycle are prevalent in various cancers. Mice lacking the tumor suppressors p16Ink4a (Cdkn2a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a), p19Arf (an alternative reading frame product of Cdkn2a,), and p27Kip1 (Cdkn1b, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1b) result in malignant progression of epithelial cancers, sarcomas, and melanomas, respectively. Here, we generated knockout mouse models for each of these three cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors using engineered nucleases. The p16Ink4a and p19Arf knockout mice were generated via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and p27Kip1 knockout mice via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). These gene editing technologies were targeted to the first exon of each gene, to induce frameshifts producing premature termination codons. Unlike preexisting embryonic stem cell-based knockout mice, our mouse models are free from selectable markers or other external gene insertions, permitting more precise study of cell cycle-related diseases without confounding influences of foreign DNA.
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Sieben CJ, Sturmlechner I, van de Sluis B, van Deursen JM. Two-Step Senescence-Focused Cancer Therapies. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:723-37. [PMID: 29776716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Damaged cells at risk of neoplastic transformation can be neutralized by apoptosis or engagement of the senescence program, which induces permanent cell-cycle arrest and a bioactive secretome that is implicated in tumor immunosurveillance. While from an evolutionary perspective senescence is beneficial in that it protects against malignancies, the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and organs with aging and at sites of various pathologies is largely detrimental. Because induction of senescence in cancer cells is emerging as a therapeutic concept, it will be important to consider these detrimental effects, including tumor-promoting properties that may drive the formation of secondary tumors or cancer relapse. In this review we discuss the complex relationship between senescence and cancer, and highlight important considerations for therapeutics.
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:486-541. [PMID: 29362479 PMCID: PMC5864239 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3535] [Impact Index Per Article: 589.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Antonov
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological Investigation (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- INSERM U1180, Châtenay Malabry, France
- University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, CeSI-MetUniversity of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231 "Lipides Nutrition Cancer", Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy France Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Golstein
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Team labeled "Ligue Contre le Cancer", Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe P Juin
- Team 8 "Stress adaptation and tumor escape", CRCINA-INSERM U1232, Nantes, France
- University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- Institute of Cancer Research in Western France, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Translational Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Department Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Malewicz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Walter Malorni
- National Centre for Gender Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Departments of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development laboratory, CRCL, Lyon, France
- Team labeled "La Ligue contre le Cancer", Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medicinal Biomaterials, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John Silke
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Inflammation, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for DAMP Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, "Jozef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France.
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Biology Pole, European Hospital George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Saunderson EA, Stepper P, Gomm JJ, Hoa L, Morgan A, Allen MD, Jones JL, Gribben JG, Jurkowski TP, Ficz G. Hit-and-run epigenetic editing prevents senescence entry in primary breast cells from healthy donors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1450. [PMID: 29133799 PMCID: PMC5684409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter DNA hypermethylation is a hallmark of cancer; however, whether this is sufficient to drive cellular transformation is not clear. To investigate this question, we use a CRISPR-dCas9 epigenetic editing tool, where an inactive form of Cas9 is fused to DNA methyltransferase effectors. Using this system, here we show simultaneous de novo DNA methylation of genes commonly methylated in cancer, CDKN2A, RASSF1, HIC1 and PTEN in primary breast cells isolated from healthy human breast tissue. We find that promoter methylation is maintained in this system, even in the absence of the fusion construct, and this prevents cells from engaging senescence arrest. Our data show that the key driver of this phenotype is repression of CDKN2A transcript p16 where myoepithelial cells harbour cancer-like gene expression but do not exhibit anchorage-independent growth. This work demonstrates that hit-and-run epigenetic events can prevent senescence entry, which may facilitate tumour initiation. “Although aberrant promoter DNA hypermethylation is a hallmark of cancer, it is not clear whether it is sufficient to drive transformation. Here, the authors use CRISPR-dCas9 to perform hit-and-run epigenetic editing, which prevents senescence entry in primary breast cells from healthy donors.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Saunderson
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Peter Stepper
- Institute for Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Gomm
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lily Hoa
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Adrienne Morgan
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michael D Allen
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John G Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tomasz P Jurkowski
- Institute for Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Gabriella Ficz
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Childs BG, Gluscevic M, Baker DJ, Laberge RM, Marquess D, Dananberg J, van Deursen JM. Senescent cells: an emerging target for diseases of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:718-735. [PMID: 28729727 PMCID: PMC5942225 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronological age represents the single greatest risk factor for human disease. One plausible explanation for this correlation is that mechanisms that drive ageing might also promote age-related diseases. Cellular senescence, which is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest induced by cellular stress, has recently emerged as a fundamental ageing mechanism that also contributes to diseases of late life, including cancer, atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. Therapeutic strategies that safely interfere with the detrimental effects of cellular senescence, such as the selective elimination of senescent cells (SNCs) or the disruption of the SNC secretome, are gaining significant attention, with several programmes now nearing human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darren J Baker
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Remi-Martin Laberge
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Dan Marquess
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Jamie Dananberg
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Page A, Bravo A, Suarez-Cabrera C, Alameda JP, Casanova ML, Lorz C, Segrelles C, Segovia JC, Paramio JM, Navarro M, Ramirez A. IKKβ-Mediated Resistance to Skin Cancer Development Is Ink4a/Arf-Dependent. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1255-1264. [PMID: 28584022 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IKKβ (encoded by IKBKB) is a protein kinase that regulates the activity of numerous proteins important in several signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway. IKKβ exerts a protumorigenic role in several animal models of lung, hepatic, intestinal, and oral cancer. In addition, genomic and proteomic studies of human tumors also indicate that IKBKB gene is amplified or overexpressed in multiple tumor types. Here, the relevance of IKKβ in skin cancer was determined by performing carcinogenesis studies in animal models overexpressing IKKβ in the basal skin layer. IKKβ overexpression resulted in a striking resistance to skin cancer development and an increased expression of several tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, p16, and p19. Mechanistically, this skin tumor-protective role of IKKβ is independent of p53, but dependent on the activity of the Ink4a/Arf locus. Interestingly, in the absence of p16 and p19, IKKβ-increased expression favors the appearance of cutaneous spindle cell-like squamous cell carcinomas, which are highly aggressive tumors. These results reveal that IKKβ activity prevents skin tumor development, and shed light on the complex nature of IKKβ effects on cancer progression, as IKKβ can both promote and prevent carcinogenesis depending on the cell type or molecular context.Implications: The ability of IKKβ to promote or prevent carcinogenesis suggests the need for further evaluation when targeting this protein. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1255-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristian Suarez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Josefa P Alameda
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - M Llanos Casanova
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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Abstract
Cellular senescence, which has been linked to age-related diseases, occurs during normal aging or as a result of pathological cell stress. Due to their incapacity to proliferate, senescent cells cannot contribute to normal tissue maintenance and tissue repair. Instead, senescent cells disturb the microenvironment by secreting a plethora of bioactive factors that may lead to inflammation, regenerative dysfunction and tumor progression. Recent understanding of stimuli and pathways that induce and maintain cellular senescence offers the possibility to selectively eliminate senescent cells. This novel strategy, which so far has not been tested in humans, has been coined senotherapy or senolysis. In mice, senotherapy proofed to be effective in models of accelerated aging and also during normal chronological aging. Senotherapy prolonged lifespan, rejuvenated the function of bone marrow, muscle and skin progenitor cells, improved vasomotor function and slowed down atherosclerosis progression. While initial studies used genetic approaches for the killing of senescent cells, recent approaches showed similar effects with senolytic drugs. These observations open up exciting possibilities with a great potential for clinical development. However, before the integration of senotherapy into patient care can be considered, we need further research to improve our insight into the safety and efficacy of this strategy during short- and long-term use.
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Abstract
ARF is an alternative reading frame product of the INK4a/ARF locus, inactivated in numerous human cancers. ARF is a key regulator of cellular senescence, an irreversible cell growth arrest that suppresses tumor cell growth. It functions by sequestering MDM2 (a p53 E3 ligase) in the nucleolus, thus activating p53. Besides MDM2, ARF has numerous other interacting partners that induce either cellular senescence or apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. This further complicates the dynamics of the ARF network. Expression of ARF is frequently disrupted in human cancers, mainly due to epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. Vigorous studies on various transcription factors that either positively or negatively regulate ARF transcription have been carried out. However, recent focus on posttranslational modifications, particularly ubiquitination, indicates wider dynamic controls of ARF than previously known. In this review, we discuss the role and dynamic regulation of ARF in senescence and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Chan SH, Lim WK, Michalski ST, Lim JQ, Ishak NDB, Met-Domestici M, Young CNC, Vikstrom K, Esplin ED, Fulbright J, Ang MK, Wee J, Sittampalam K, Farid M, Lincoln SE, Itahana K, Abdullah S, Teh BT, Ngeow J. Germline hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A-CDKN2B locus in a patient presenting with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. NPJ Genom Med 2016; 1:16015. [PMID: 29263814 PMCID: PMC5685299 DOI: 10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare cancer predisposition syndrome usually associated with TP53 germline alterations. Its genetic basis in TP53 wild-type pedigrees is less understood. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a germline hemizygous deletion ablating CDKN2A–CDKN2B in a TP53 wild-type patient presenting with high-grade sarcoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a family history suggestive of LFS. Patient-derived cells demonstrated reduced basal gene and protein expression of the CDKN2A-encoded tumour suppressors p14ARF and p16INK4A with concomitant decrease in p21 and faster cell proliferation, implying potential deregulation of p53-mediated cell cycle control. Review of 13 additional patients with pathogenic CDKN2A variants suggested associations of germline CDKN2A mutations with an expanded spectrum of non-melanoma familial cancers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a germline gross deletion of the CDKN2A–CDKN2B locus in an LFS family. These findings highlight the potential contribution of germline CDKN2A deletions to cancer predisposition and the importance of interrogating the full extent of CDKN2A locus in clinical testing gene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jing Quan Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Binte Ishak
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Met-Domestici
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cedric Ng Chuan Young
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Mei Kim Ang
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph Wee
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mohamad Farid
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Koji Itahana
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Andreou C, Neuschmelting V, Tschaharganeh DF, Huang CH, Oseledchyk A, Iacono P, Karabeber H, Colen RR, Mannelli L, Lowe SW, Kircher MF. Imaging of Liver Tumors Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2016; 10:5015-26. [PMID: 27078225 PMCID: PMC4884645 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Complete surgical resection is the ideal first-line treatment for most liver malignancies. This goal would be facilitated by an intraoperative imaging method that enables more precise visualization of tumor margins and detection of otherwise invisible microscopic lesions. To this end, we synthesized silica-encapsulated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) that act as a molecular imaging agent for liver malignancies. We hypothesized that, after intravenous administration, SERS NPs would avidly home to healthy liver tissue but not to intrahepatic malignancies. We tested these SERS NPs in genetically engineered mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma. After intravenous injection, liver tumors in both models were readily identifiable with Raman imaging. In addition, Raman imaging using SERS NPs enabled detection of microscopic lesions in liver and spleen. We compared the performance of SERS NPs to fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG). We found that SERS NPs delineate tumors more accurately and are less susceptible to photobleaching. Given the known advantages of SERS imaging, namely, high sensitivity and specific spectroscopic detection, these findings hold promise for improved resection of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Volker Neuschmelting
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anton Oseledchyk
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pasquale Iacono
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hazem Karabeber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rivka R. Colen
- Department of Radiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of
Texas, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Lorenzo Mannelli
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moritz F. Kircher
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
10065, USA
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Barabino A, Plamondon V, Abdouh M, Chatoo W, Flamier A, Hanna R, Zhou S, Motoyama N, Hébert M, Lavoie J, Bernier G. Loss of Bmi1 causes anomalies in retinal development and degeneration of cone photoreceptors. Development 2016; 143:1571-84. [PMID: 26965367 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinal development occurs through the sequential but overlapping generation of six types of neuronal cells and one glial cell type. Of these, rod and cone photoreceptors represent the functional unit of light detection and phototransduction and are frequently affected in retinal degenerative diseases. During mouse development, the Polycomb group protein Bmi1 is expressed in immature retinal progenitors and differentiated retinal neurons, including cones. We show here that Bmi1 is required to prevent post natal degeneration of cone photoreceptors and bipolar neurons and that inactivation of Chk2 or p53 could improve but not overcome cone degeneration in Bmi1(-/-) mice. The retinal phenotype of Bmi1(-/-) mice was also characterized by loss of heterochromatin, activation of tandem repeats, oxidative stress and Rip3-associated necroptosis. In the human retina, BMI1 was preferentially expressed in cones at heterochromatic foci. BMI1 inactivation in human embryonic stem cells was compatible with retinal induction but impaired cone terminal differentiation. Despite this developmental arrest, BMI1-deficient cones recapitulated several anomalies observed in Bmi1(-/-) photoreceptors, such as loss of heterochromatin, activation of tandem repeats and induction of p53, revealing partly conserved biological functions between mouse and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barabino
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Vicky Plamondon
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Wassim Chatoo
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Anthony Flamier
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Roy Hanna
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Noboru Motoyama
- Department of Cognitive Brain Science, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 36-3 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan
| | - Marc Hébert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Joëlle Lavoie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Gilbert Bernier
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Canada H1T 2M4 Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada H3T 1J4 Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada H3T 1J4
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46
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Landuzzi L, Ianzano ML, Nicoletti G, Palladini A, Grosso V, Ranieri D, Dall'Ora M, Raschi E, Laranga R, Gambarotti M, Picci P, De Giovanni C, Nanni P, Lollini PL. Genetic prevention of lymphoma in p53 knockout mice allows the early development of p53-related sarcomas. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11924-38. [PMID: 25426555 PMCID: PMC4322986 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous knockout of p53 in mice leads to early mortality from lymphoma, with almost complete penetrance, thus hampering studies of other tumor histotypes related to p53 alterations. To avoid lymphoma development, we crossed p53 knockout mice (BALB-p53 mice) with alymphocytic BALB/c Rag2−/−;Il2rg−/− (RGKO) mice. We compared the tumor spectrum of homozygous (BALB-p53−/−) and heterozygous (BALB-p53+/−) mice with alymphocytic mice (RGKO-p53−/− and RGKO-p53+/−). Lymphoma incidence in BALB-p53−/− mice exceeded 80%, whereas in RGKO-p53−/− it was strongly reduced. The prevalent tumor of RGKO-p53−/− mice was hemangiosarcoma (incidence over 65% in both sexes, mean latency 18 weeks), other tumors included soft tissue sarcomas (incidence ~10%), lung and mammary carcinomas. Tumor spectrum changes occurred also in p53 heterozygotes, in which lymphomas are relatively rare (~20%). RGKO-p53+/− had an increased incidence of hemangiosarcomas, reaching ~30%, and females had an increased incidence of osteosarcomas, reaching ~20%. Osteosarcomas shared with the corresponding human tumors the involvement of limbs and a high metastatic ability, mainly to the lungs. Specific alterations in the expression of p53-related genes (p16Ink4a, p19Arf, p15Ink4b, p21Cip1) were observed. Genetic prevention of lymphoma in p53 knockout mice led to new models of sarcoma development, available for studies on hemangiosarcoma and osteosarcoma onset and metastatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. PROMETEO Laboratory, STB, RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna L Ianzano
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Giordano Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. PROMETEO Laboratory, STB, RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Valentina Grosso
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Dario Ranieri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dall'Ora
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Elena Raschi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Roberta Laranga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Gambarotti
- Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla De Giovanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
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47
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Jie B, Weilong C, Ming C, Fei X, Xinghua L, Junhua C, Guobin W, Kaixiong T, Xiaoming S. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 depletion induces cellular senescence via histone demethylation along the INK4/ARF locus. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:104-12. [PMID: 26004298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins are epigenetic transcriptional repressors that function through recognition and modification of histone methylation and chromatin structure. As a member of PcG proteins, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) targets cell cycle regulatory proteins which govern cell cycle progression and cellular senescence. In previous work, we reported that EZH2 depletion functionally induced cellular senescence in human gastric cancer cells with mutant p53. However, whether EZH2 expression contributes to the change of key cell cycle regulators and the mechanism involved are still unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of EZH2 depletion on alteration of histone methylation pattern. In gastric cancer cells, INK4/ARF locus was activated to certain extent in consequence of a decrease of H3K27me3 along it caused by EZH2 silence, which contributed substantially to an increase in the expression of p15(INK4b), p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) and resulted in cellular senescence ultimately. Furthermore, MKN28 cells, which did not express p16(INK4a) and p21(cip), could be induced to senescence via p15(INK4b) activation and suppression of p15(INK4b) reversed senescence progression induced by EZH2 downregulated. These data unravel a crucial role of EZH2 in the regulation of INK4/ARF expression and senescence procedure in gastric cancer cells, and show that the cellular senescence could just depend on the activation of p15(INK4b)/Rb pathway, suggesting the cell-type and species specificity involved in the mechanisms of senescence inducement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Jie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Weilong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cai Ming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Xinghua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Junhua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wang Guobin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Kaixiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Xiaoming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Sato S, Kawamata Y, Takahashi A, Imai Y, Hanyu A, Okuma A, Takasugi M, Yamakoshi K, Sorimachi H, Kanda H, Ishikawa Y, Sone S, Nishioka Y, Ohtani N, Hara E. Ablation of the p16(INK4a) tumour suppressor reverses ageing phenotypes of klotho mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7035. [PMID: 25923845 PMCID: PMC4421814 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The p16INK4a tumour suppressor has an established role in the implementation of cellular senescence in stem/progenitor cells, which is thought to contribute to organismal ageing. However, since p16INK4a knockout mice die prematurely from cancer, whether p16INK4a reduces longevity remains unclear. Here we show that, in mutant mice homozygous for a hypomorphic allele of the α-klotho ageing-suppressor gene (klkl/kl), accelerated ageing phenotypes are rescued by p16INK4a ablation. Surprisingly, this is due to the restoration of α-klotho expression in klkl/kl mice and does not occur when p16INK4a is ablated in α-klotho knockout mice (kl−/−), suggesting that p16INK4a is an upstream regulator of α-klotho expression. Indeed, p16INK4a represses α-klotho promoter activity by blocking the functions of E2Fs. These results, together with the observation that the expression levels of p16INK4a are inversely correlated with those of α-klotho throughout ageing, indicate that p16INK4a plays a previously unrecognized role in downregulating α-klotho expression during ageing. The protein p16INK4a promotes senescence in tissue stem cells and thereby contributes to organismal ageing. Here the authors reveal that p16INK4a also downregulates expression of a-klotho, thereby revealing an additional ageing-promoting function of 16INK4a that is independent from its role in senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidai Sato
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawamata
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imai
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Aki Hanyu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okuma
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masaki Takasugi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kimi Yamakoshi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanda
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Saburo Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Boquoi A, Arora S, Chen T, Litwin S, Koh J, Enders GH. Reversible cell cycle inhibition and premature aging features imposed by conditional expression of p16Ink4a. Aging Cell 2015; 14:139-47. [PMID: 25481981 PMCID: PMC4326901 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p16Ink4a (p16) is a canonical mediator of cellular senescence and accumulates in aging tissues, where it constrains proliferation of some progenitor cells. However, whether p16 induction in tissues is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation, mediate senescence, and/or impose aging features has remained unclear. To address these issues, we generated transgenic mice that permit conditional p16 expression. Broad induction at weaning inhibited proliferation of intestinal transit-amplifying and Lgr5+ stem cells and rapidly imposed features of aging, including hair loss, skin wrinkling, reduced body weight and subcutaneous fat, an increased myeloid fraction in peripheral blood, poor dentition, and cataracts. Aging features were observed with multiple combinations of p16 transgenes and transactivators and were largely abrogated by a germline Cdk4 R24C mutation, confirming that they reflect Cdk inhibition. Senescence markers were not found, and de-induction of p16, even after weeks of sustained expression, allowed rapid recovery of intestinal cell proliferation and reversal of aging features in most mice. These results suggest that p16-mediated inhibition of Cdk activity is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation and impose aging features in somatic tissues of mammals and that at least some of these aging features are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Boquoi
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
- Department of Medicine Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
- Department of Medicine Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Tina Chen
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
- Department of Medicine Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Sam Litwin
- Department of Biostatistics Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | - James Koh
- Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Greg H. Enders
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
- Department of Medicine Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia PA USA
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50
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Ianzano ML, Croci S, Nicoletti G, Palladini A, Landuzzi L, Grosso V, Ranieri D, Dall'Ora M, Santeramo I, Urbini M, De Giovanni C, Lollini PL, Nanni P. Tumor suppressor genes promote rhabdomyosarcoma progression in p53 heterozygous, HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2014; 5:108-19. [PMID: 24334679 PMCID: PMC3960193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sarcomas arise suddenly, thus preempting the study of preneoplastic and early neoplastic lesions. To explore the natural history of these tumors we studied male mice carrying a heterozygous deletion of p53 and an activated HER-2/neu transgene (BALB-p53Neu mice), that develop urethral rhabdomyosarcomas with nearly full penetrance and early onset (4 months of age). Among genes prominently upregulated in preneoplastic tissue, and more highly expressed in tumors, we found the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and tumor suppressors, p19Arf and p21Cip1. In urethral tissues of male mice p53 was less expressed than in female mice, whereas HER-2/neu was more expressed, a combination not found in other skeletal muscles of the same mice that could contribute to the anatomic and sexual specificity of BALB-p53Neu rhabdomyosarcoma. Upregulation of p19Arf and p21Cip1 was additively determined by HER-2/neu activation and by p53 inactivation. Silencing of p19Arf or p21Cip1 in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines can inhibit cell growth and motility, thus suggesting that these genes can contribute to growth autonomy and malignancy of tumor cells. In vivo injection of gene-silenced cells highlighted selective variations in organ-specific metastatic ability, indicating that overexpression of p19Arf and p21Cip1 controlled both tumor cell-intrinsic properties and microenvironmental interactions. The onset of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in BALB-p53Neu male mice is triggered by the coincidental overexpression of HER-2/neu and hypoexpression of the residual p53 allele, that foster p53 loss, Igf2 autocriny and overexpression of p19Arf and p21Cip1, a phenotype that could provide novel potential targets for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna L Ianzano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna
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