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Woo YR, Kim HS. Interaction between the microbiota and the skin barrier in aging skin: a comprehensive review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1322205. [PMID: 38312314 PMCID: PMC10834687 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1322205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the microbes and the skin barrier holds pivotal significance in skin health and aging. The skin and gut, both of which are critical immune and neuroendocrine system, harbor microbes that are kept in balance. Microbial shifts are seen with aging and may accelerate age-related skin changes. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate connection between microbe dynamics, skin barrier, and the aging process. The gut microbe plays essential roles in the human body, safeguarding the host, modulating metabolism, and shaping immunity. Aging can perturb the gut microbiome which in turn accentuates inflammaging by further promoting senescent cell accumulation and compromising the host's immune response. Skin microbiota diligently upholds the epidermal barrier, adeptly fending off pathogens. The aging skin encompasses alterations in the stratum corneum structure and lipid content, which negatively impact the skin's barrier function with decreased moisture retention and increased vulnerability to infection. Efficacious restoration of the skin barrier and dysbiosis with strategic integration of acidic cleansers, emollients with optimal lipid composition, antioxidants, and judicious photoprotection may be a proactive approach to aging. Furthermore, modulation of the gut-skin axis through probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics emerges as a promising avenue to enhance skin health as studies have substantiated their efficacy in enhancing hydration, reducing wrinkles, and fortifying barrier integrity. In summary, the intricate interplay between microbes and skin barrier function is intrinsically woven into the tapestry of aging. Sound understanding of these interactions, coupled with strategic interventions aimed at recalibrating the microbiota and barrier equilibrium, holds the potential to ameliorate skin aging. Further in-depth studies are necessary to better understand skin-aging and develop targeted strategies for successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Knödlseder N, Fábrega MJ, Santos-Moreno J, Manils J, Toloza L, Marín Vilar M, Fernández C, Broadbent K, Maruotti J, Lemenager H, Carolis C, Zouboulis CC, Soler C, Lood R, Brüggemann H, Güell M. Delivery of a sebum modulator by an engineered skin microbe in mice. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-02072-4. [PMID: 38195987 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms can be equipped with synthetic genetic programs for the production of targeted therapeutic molecules. Cutibacterium acnes is the most abundant commensal of the human skin, making it an attractive chassis to create skin-delivered therapeutics. Here, we report the engineering of this bacterium to produce and secrete the therapeutic molecule neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, in vivo, for the modulation of cutaneous sebum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassia Knödlseder
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Fábrega
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Santos-Moreno
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Manils
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Programme, Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Toloza
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Marín Vilar
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katrina Broadbent
- Protein Technologies Facility, Center of Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlo Carolis
- Protein Technologies Facility, Center of Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum; Städtisches Klinikum Dessau; and Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Concepció Soler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Marc Güell
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Alqam ML, Jones BC, Hitchcock TM. Topical Application of Skin Biome Care Regimen Containing Live Cultures and Ferments of Cutibacterium acnes defendens strain XYCM42 and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes Following Microneedle-induced Skin Remodeling. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2023; 16:18-30. [PMID: 38125668 PMCID: PMC10729805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The skin, our body's largest organ, hosts a complex microbiome that plays a pivotal role in maintaining health and protecting against pathogens. Even slight disruptions to this delicate balance can influence skin health and disease. Among the diverse microbial community, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) subspecies defendens is known for its positive contribution to skin health. However, the interaction between living microbe probiotics and wound healing after aesthetic procedures, such as microneedling, remains unexplored. Methods Our study included 40 participants with acne scars who underwent four microneedling sessions spaced three weeks apart. They were randomly assigned to Group 1, receiving a regimen with live C. acnes defendens strain XYCM42, or Group 2, following a conventional skincare routine with a cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen. Our study assessed various endpoints, including the Clinician's Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (CGAIS), clinical safety, improvement in acne scars using Goodman and Baron's Qualitative and Quantitative Acne Scars Grading Scale and Subject's Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (SGAIS). Results Our analysis of live and photo grading data for CGAIS unveiled a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with Group 1 (XYCM42-based regimen) showing remarkable improvement. A similar positive trend was observed in the photo grading for CGAIS. Additionally, participant diaries indicated that Group 1 experienced a faster decline in posttreatment parameters, including erythema, swelling, burning/tingling, and itching. Conclusion Integrating a microbiome-optimized, probiotic XYCM42-based regimen with microneedling demonstrated a high safety profile and enhanced treatment outcomes. These findings mark a milestone in aesthetic dermatology, supporting innovative microbiome-based approaches to improve skin health and aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona L Alqam
- Dr. Alqam is with Medical and Clinical Affairs, Crown Laboratories in Dallas, Texas
| | - Brian C Jones
- Dr. Jones is with Research and Development, Crown Laboratories in Dallas, Texas
| | - Thomas M Hitchcock
- Dr. Hitchcock is Chief Science Officer, Crown Laboratories Dallas in Dallas, Texas
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Popa I, Touboul D, Andersson T, Fuentes-Lemus E, Santerre C, Davies MJ, Lood R. Oxygen Exposure and Tolerance Shapes the Cell Wall-Associated Lipids of the Skin Commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2260. [PMID: 37764104 PMCID: PMC10534455 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most abundant bacteria on the skin. Being exposed to oxygen and oxic stress, the secretion of the bacterial antioxidant protein RoxP ensures an endogenous antioxidant system for the preservation of skin health. To investigate the impact of the antioxidant RoxP on oxidation of the bacteria, wildtype and an isogenic roxp mutant were cultured in anaerobic and oxic conditions. The carbonylated status of proteins were recorded, as were the most significant modifications in a relative intensity of free fatty acids (FFA) and lipids containing fatty acids (FA), such as di- (DG) and triglycerides (TG), di- (DGDG) and sulfoquinozyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and ceramides. Concerning the fatty acid types, it was observed that the free fatty acids contained mainly C12:0-C26:0 in hydroxy and acylated forms, the DG contained mainly C29:0-C37:0, the TG contained mainly C19:0-C33:0, and the DGDG/SQDGs contained very long fatty acids (C29:0-C37:0) demonstrating the interdependence of de novo synthesis of lipids and RoxP. The area of DGDG peaks (924.52, 929.56 and 930.58) were affected by bacterial growth conditions, with the exception of m/z 910.61. Moreover, the FFA unsaturation is wider in the SQDG species (C30:0 to C36:6) than in DG, TG or free FFA species. It could be concluded that both environmental oxidative statuses, as well as the prevalence of bacterial antioxidant systems, significantly shape the lipidome of C. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Popa
- Analytic and Biological Lipid Systems (Lip(Sys)2), Pharmacy Department, University Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - David Touboul
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, University Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), Institut Polytechnique de Paris, University Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tilde Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Cyrille Santerre
- Institut Supérieur International de la Parfumerie, de la Cosmétique et de l’Arôme Alimentaire (ISIPCA), 34-36 rue du Parc de Clagny, 78000 Versailles, France;
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
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Mukherjee S, Bhattacharjee S, Paul S, Nath S, Paul S. Biofilm-a Syntrophic Consortia of Microbial Cells: Boon or Bane? Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5583-5604. [PMID: 35829902 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is the conglomeration of microbial cells which is associated with a surface. In the recent times, the study of biofilm has gained popularity and vivid research is being done to know about the effects of biofilm and that it consists of many organisms which are symbiotic in nature, some of which are human pathogens. Here, in this study, we have discussed about biofilms, its formation, relevance of its presence in the biosphere, and the possible remediations to cope up with its negative effects. Since removal of biofilm is difficult, emphasis has been made to suggest ways to prevent biofilm formation and also to devise ways to utilize biofilm in an economically and environment-friendly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Shreya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Sharanya Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Somava Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Sonali Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India.
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Almoughrabie S, Cau L, Cavagnero K, O’Neill AM, Li F, Roso-Mares A, Mainzer C, Closs B, Kolar MJ, Williams KJ, Bensinger SJ, Gallo RL. Commensal Cutibacterium acnes induce epidermal lipid synthesis important for skin barrier function. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg6262. [PMID: 37595033 PMCID: PMC10438445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid synthesis is necessary for formation of epithelial barriers and homeostasis with external microbes. An analysis of the response of human keratinocytes to several different commensal bacteria on the skin revealed that Cutibacterium acnes induced a large increase in essential lipids including triglycerides, ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. A similar response occurred in mouse epidermis and in human skin affected with acne. Further analysis showed that this increase in lipids was mediated by short-chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes and was dependent on increased expression of several lipid synthesis genes including glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase-3. Inhibition or RNA silencing of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), but not PPARβ and PPARγ, blocked this response. The increase in keratinocyte lipid content improved innate barrier functions including antimicrobial activity, paracellular diffusion, and transepidermal water loss. These results reveal that metabolites from a common commensal bacterium have a previously unappreciated influence on the composition of epidermal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Almoughrabie
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- SILAB, Brive, France
| | | | - Kellen Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Alan M. O’Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Andrea Roso-Mares
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Kolar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J. Bensinger
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
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7
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Nicholas-Haizelden K, Murphy B, Hoptroff M, Horsburgh MJ. Bioprospecting the Skin Microbiome: Advances in Therapeutics and Personal Care Products. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1899. [PMID: 37630459 PMCID: PMC10456854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting is the discovery and exploration of biological diversity found within organisms, genetic elements or produced compounds with prospective commercial or therapeutic applications. The human skin is an ecological niche which harbours a rich and compositional diversity microbiome stemming from the multifactorial interactions between the host and microbiota facilitated by exploitable effector compounds. Advances in the understanding of microbial colonisation mechanisms alongside species and strain interactions have revealed a novel chemical and biological understanding which displays applicative potential. Studies elucidating the organismal interfaces and concomitant understanding of the central processes of skin biology have begun to unravel a potential wealth of molecules which can exploited for their proposed functions. A variety of skin-microbiome-derived compounds display prospective therapeutic applications, ranging from antioncogenic agents relevant in skin cancer therapy to treatment strategies for antimicrobial-resistant bacterial and fungal infections. Considerable opportunities have emerged for the translation to personal care products, such as topical agents to mitigate various skin conditions such as acne and eczema. Adjacent compound developments have focused on cosmetic applications such as reducing skin ageing and its associated changes to skin properties and the microbiome. The skin microbiome contains a wealth of prospective compounds with therapeutic and commercial applications; however, considerable work is required for the translation of in vitro findings to relevant in vivo models to ensure translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir Nicholas-Haizelden
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
| | - Barry Murphy
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK; (B.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hoptroff
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK; (B.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Malcolm J. Horsburgh
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
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Balogh-Weiser D, Molnár A, Tóth GD, Koplányi G, Szemes J, Decsi B, Katona G, Salamah M, Ender F, Kovács A, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M, Balogh GT. Combined Nanofibrous Face Mask: Co-Formulation of Lipases and Antibiotic Agent by Electrospinning Technique. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041174. [PMID: 37111659 PMCID: PMC10143802 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of enzyme-based therapies has received significant attention in modern drug development. Lipases are one of the most versatile enzymes that can be used as therapeutic agents in basic skin care and medical treatment related to excessive sebum production, acne, and inflammation. The traditional formulations available for skin treatment, such as creams, ointments or gels, are widely applied; however, their use is not always accompanied by good drug penetration properties, stability, or patient adherence. Nanoformulated drugs offer the possibility of combining enzymatic and small molecule formulations, making them a new and exciting alternative in this field. In this study polymeric nanofibrous matrices made of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polylactic acid were developed, entrapping lipases from Candida rugosa and Rizomucor miehei and antibiotic compound nadifloxacin. The effect of the type of polymers and lipases were investigated, and the nanofiber formation process was optimized to provide a promising alternative in topical treatment. Our experiments have shown that entrapment by electrospinning induced two orders of magnitude increase in the specific enzyme activity of lipases. Permeability investigations indicated that all lipase-loaded nanofibrous masks were capable of delivering nadifloxacin to the human epidermis, confirming the viability of electrospinning as a formulation method for topical skin medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Balogh-Weiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő D Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koplányi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Szemes
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Decsi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maryana Salamah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Istitute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Ender
- Department of Electron Devices, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- SpinSplit LLC, Vend u. 17, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - György T Balogh
- Istitute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Ahle CM, Feidenhansl C, Brüggemann H. Cutibacterium acnes. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:419-420. [PMID: 36328874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Ahle
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Pedraza Barrera CA, Fuentes JL. Photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties of Cutibacterium acnes ecotypes native to terrestrial subsurface habitats. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad108. [PMID: 37822017 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with skin-protective properties. This study aimed to investigate the photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties against UVB of extracts obtained from Cutibacterium acnes strains. Bacterial growth was measured spectrophotometrically and the constant maximum growth rate (μ) value to each strain, were calculated. In vitro photoprotection efficacy was evaluated using in vitro indices such as sun protection factor (SPFespectrophotometric) and critical wavelength (λc). UVB-antigenotoxicity was also evaluated using the SOS Chromotest. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between SPFespectrophotometric and extract concentration and the %GI estimates. Among the studied strains, one showed low (6.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 14.9) and eight showed media (15.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 29.9) UVB photoprotection efficacy. All of them resulted in broad-spectrum (UVA-UVB) photoprotection (λc > 370 nm). In total, two C. acnes ecotypes with different growth rates were evidenced, but the protective metabolites in the extracts were produced without the influence of growth rate. Photoprotective efficacy depended on the extract concentration and was correlated with antigenotoxicity. We demonstrated that C. acnes extracts can be used as sunscreen ingredients that reduce UVB-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Adolfo Pedraza Barrera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (COL0083849), Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Calle 9na y carrera 27, Bucaramanga Santander, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (COL0083849), Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Calle 9na y carrera 27, Bucaramanga Santander, Colombia
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11
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Ashida A, Tomida S, Iwabuchi T, Sato Y, Kiniwa Y, Okuyama R. Persistent alteration of the skin microbiome in patients with skin rash after receiving EGFR inhibitor treatment. Exp Dermatol 2022; 32:671-677. [PMID: 36514876 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathological mechanism responsible for EGFR inhibitor (EGFRI)-induced skin rash remains unclear. Recent studies reveal associations between skin dysbiosis and skin inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to examine whether skin dysbiosis is associated with EGFRI-induced skin rash. Bacterial swabs were taken from the forehead of 17 cancer patients at baseline and at several time points after EGFRIs initiation, as well as from 20 healthy controls. The skin microbiome was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The severity of the skin rash was assessed using the rash grade. Skin surface parameters (pH, water capacitance, and sebum level) were also measured. Compared with baseline, the abundance of Cutibacterium acnes decreased in 13 of 15 cases, and that of Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis or Proteobacteria increased in 13 of 15 cases after EGFRIs initiation. Skin pH increased significantly in parallel with a decrease in water capacitance after EGFRI initiation. Also, the composition of the skin microbiome of patients with severe rash was significantly different from that of healthy controls. In addition, the skin dysbiosis did not return to baseline during EGFRIs treatment for >1 year. These longitudinal observations indicate that skin dysbiosis is associated with development of skin rash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ashida
- Center for Clinical Research, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tokuro Iwabuchi
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kiniwa
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Center for Clinical Research, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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12
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Chen H, Zhao Q, Zhong Q, Duan C, Krutmann J, Wang J, Xia J. Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem. Phenomics 2022; 2:363-382. [PMID: 36939800 PMCID: PMC9712873 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Skin microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin health. Profiling the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ecosystem. However, the community composition is highly individualized and extremely complex. To explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem, namely the selection pressures, we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of ecology. This review summarizes the following: (1) the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment, highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota; (2) the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches, through self-adaptation and microbe-microbe interactions; (3) how skin microbes, by their structures or bioactive molecules, reshape host skin phenotypes, including skin immunity, maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration, ultraviolet (UV) protection, odor production, and wound healing. This review aims to re-examine the host-microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Cheng Duan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Jiucun Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
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13
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Hrapovic N, Richard T, Messaraa C, Li X, Abbaspour A, Fabre S, Mavon A, Andersson B, Khmaladze I. Clinical and metagenomic profiling of hormonal acne-prone skin in different populations. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6233-6242. [PMID: 35810346 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acne is one of the most common skin concerns of unknown etiology, often connected to the menstrual cycle in women, and possibly to the microbial profile and function. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate how hormonal fluctuation affects hormonal acne-prone skin in different populations in relation to skin clinical parameters and microbial profiles. METHODS We evaluated skin features by using biophysical and topographical tools. For microbial profiling, we sequenced facial skin microbiota and associated the findings with the skin clinical parameters during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS We identified differences between and within hormonal phases in women of Chinese and Caucasian origin. Changes were discovered in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum level, hydration level, and pore volume. The most abundant identifiable genera in both ethnicities were Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, without any significant abundant differences within the menstrual cycle. Interestingly, 11 bacterial metabolic pathways were downregulated in Chinese compared to Caucasian skin during the follicular phase. The majority of these pathways were associated with skin redox balance, perhaps indicating a weaker oxidative stress response in Chinese versus Caucasian skin. Novosphingobium taxa were increased in the Chinese skin microbiome, which has been reported to protect skin from pollution-mediated oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Thus, this pilot study explored some of the clinical and metagenomic changes in acne-prone skin, and provide guidance to tailor-personalized skin care regimes during the menstrual cycle. Also, the skin redox status in acne-prone skin, provides more opportunity to tailor-personalized skin care regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xi Li
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afrouz Abbaspour
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cellular and molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Antonatos C, Grafanaki K, Asmenoudi P, Xiropotamos P, Nani P, Georgakilas GK, Georgiou S, Vasilopoulos Y. Contribution of the Environment, Epigenetic Mechanisms and Non-Coding RNAs in Psoriasis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081934. [PMID: 36009480 PMCID: PMC9405550 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing research and clinical interest in the predisposition of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, the multitude of genetic and environmental factors involved in its pathogenesis remain unclear. This complexity is further exacerbated by the several cell types that are implicated in Psoriasis’s progression, including keratinocytes, melanocytes and various immune cell types. The observed interactions between the genetic substrate and the environment lead to epigenetic alterations that directly or indirectly affect gene expression. Changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications that alter DNA-binding site accessibility, as well as non-coding RNAs implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation, are mechanisms of gene transcriptional activity modification and therefore affect the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of Psoriasis. In this review, we summarize the research conducted on the environmental factors contributing to the disease onset, epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs exhibiting deregulation in Psoriasis, and we further categorize them based on the under-study cell types. We also assess the recent literature considering therapeutic applications targeting molecules that compromise the epigenome, as a way to suppress the inflammatory cutaneous cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalabos Antonatos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Grafanaki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Paschalia Asmenoudi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Xiropotamos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Nani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Georgakilas
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Clinical and Laboratory Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Yiannis Vasilopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence:
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15
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Lee JH, Kim YG, Park S, Hu L, Lee J. Phytopigment Alizarin Inhibits Multispecies Biofilm Development by Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051047. [PMID: 35631633 PMCID: PMC9143108 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease involving Cutibacterium acnes with other skin commensals such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in the anaerobic and lipid-rich conditions of pilosebaceous units. These microbes readily form multispecies biofilms that are tolerant of traditional antibiotics as well as host immune systems. The phytopigment alizarin was previously found to prevent biofilm formation by S. aureus and C. albicans strains under aerobic conditions. Hence, we hypothesized that alizarin might control C. acnes and multispecies biofilm development. We found that under anaerobic conditions, alizarin efficiently inhibited single biofilm formation and multispecies biofilm development by C. acnes, S. aureus, and C. albicans without inhibiting planktonic cell growth. Alizarin increased the hydrophilicities of S. aureus and C. albicans cells, decreased lipase production by S. aureus, diminished agglutination by C. acnes, and inhibited the aggregation of C. albicans cells. Furthermore, the co-administration of alizarin and antibiotics enhanced the antibiofilm efficacies of alizarin against C. acnes. A transcriptomic study showed that alizarin repressed the transcriptions of various biofilm-related genes such as lipase, hyaluronate lyase, adhesin/invasion-related, and virulence-related genes of C. acnes. Furthermore, alizarin at 100 µg/mL prevented C. acnes biofilm development on porcine skin. Our results show that alizarin inhibits multispecies biofilm development by acne-causing microbes and suggest it might be a useful agent for treating or preventing C. acnes-causing skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-G.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-G.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Sunyoung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-G.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Liangbin Hu
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-G.K.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-810-2533; Fax: +82-53-810-4631
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16
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M. C, G. G, F. R, A. A, M. LT, A. F, M. L, S. C, L. S, E. E. Evaluation of a Gel Containing a Propionibacterium Extract in an In Vivo Model of Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4708. [PMID: 35563099 PMCID: PMC9101165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate wound healing (WH) management can cause significant comorbidities, especially in patients affected by chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. WH involves several different, partially overlapping processes, including hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and remodeling. Oxidative stress in WH contributes to WH impairment because of the overexpression of radical oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidative action of a gel containing a Propionibacterium extract (Emorsan® Gel) and assess its skin re-epithelialization properties in a mouse model of WH. The scavenging effects of the bacterial extract were assessed in vitro through the ABTS and DPPH assays and in L-929 murine fibroblasts. The effects of the Emorsan® Gel were studied in vivo in a murine model of WH. After WH induction, mice were treated daily with vehicle or Emorsan® Gel for 6 or 12 days. According to the in vitro tests, the Propionibacterium extract exerted an inhibitory effect on ROS and RNS, consequently leading to the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels. Before proceeding with the in vivo study, the Emorsan® Gel was verified to be unabsorbed. Therefore, the observed effects could be ascribed to a local action. The results obtained in vivo showed that through local reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α), the Emorsan® Gel significantly reduced the infiltration of mast cells into the injured wound, leading to the amelioration of symptoms such as itch and skin irritation. Therefore, the Emorsan® Gel improved the speed and percentage of wound area closure by improving the tissue remodeling process, prompting vascular–endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)- β production and reducing the expression of adhesion molecules. Emorsan® Gel, by its ability to inhibit free radicals, could reduce local inflammation and oxidative stress, thus enhancing the speed of wound healing.
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17
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Stødkilde K, Nielsen JT, Petersen SV, Paetzold B, Brüggemann H, Mulder FAA, Andersen CBF. Solution Structure of the Cutibacterium acnes-Specific Protein RoxP and Insights Into Its Antioxidant Activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:803004. [PMID: 35223541 PMCID: PMC8873378 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.803004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is a predominant bacterium on human skin and is generally regarded as commensal. Recently, the abundantly secreted protein produced by C. acnes, RoxP, was shown to alleviate radical-induced cell damage, presumably via antioxidant activity, which could potentially be harnessed to fortify skin barrier function. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of RoxP and elucidate the mechanisms behind its antioxidative effect. Here, we present the solution structure of RoxP revealing a compact immunoglobulin-like domain containing a long flexible loop which, in concert with the core domain, forms a positively charged groove that could function as a binding site for cofactors or substrates. Although RoxP shares structural features with cell-adhesion proteins, we show that it does not appear to be responsible for adhesion of C. acnes bacteria to human keratinocytes. We identify two tyrosine-containing stretches located in the flexible loop of RoxP, which appear to be responsible for the antioxidant activity of RoxP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frans A A Mulder
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Gueniche A, Perin O, Bouslimani A, Landemaine L, Misra N, Cupferman S, Aguilar L, Clavaud C, Chopra T, Khodr A. Advances in Microbiome-Derived Solutions and Methodologies Are Founding a New Era in Skin Health and Care. Pathogens 2022; 11:121. [PMID: 35215065 PMCID: PMC8879973 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome, as a community of microorganisms and their structural elements, genomes, metabolites/signal molecules, has been shown to play an important role in human health, with significant beneficial applications for gut health. Skin microbiome has emerged as a new field with high potential to develop disruptive solutions to manage skin health and disease. Despite an incomplete toolbox for skin microbiome analyses, much progress has been made towards functional dissection of microbiomes and host-microbiome interactions. A standardized and robust investigation of the skin microbiome is necessary to provide accurate microbial information and set the base for a successful translation of innovations in the dermo-cosmetic field. This review provides an overview of how the landscape of skin microbiome research has evolved from method development (multi-omics/data-based analytical approaches) to the discovery and development of novel microbiome-derived ingredients. Moreover, it provides a summary of the latest findings on interactions between the microbiomes (gut and skin) and skin health/disease. Solutions derived from these two paths are used to develop novel microbiome-based ingredients or solutions acting on skin homeostasis are proposed. The most promising skin and gut-derived microbiome interventional strategies are presented, along with regulatory, safety, industrial, and technical challenges related to a successful translation of these microbiome-based concepts/technologies in the dermo-cosmetic industry.
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19
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Lima RD, Dos Reis GA, da Silva Reviello J, Glatthardt T, da Silva Coimbra L, Lima COGX, Antunes LCM, Ferreira RBR. Antibiofilm activity of Cutibacterium acnes cell-free conditioned media against Staphylococcus spp. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2373-2383. [PMID: 34599747 PMCID: PMC8578501 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. and Cutibacterium acnes are members of the skin microbiome but can also act as pathogens. Particularly, Staphylococcus species are known to cause medical devices-associated infections, and biofilm production is one of their main virulence factors. Biofilms allow bacteria to adhere and persist on surfaces, protecting them from antimicrobials and host defenses. Since both bacteria are found in the human skin, potentially competing for niches, we aimed to investigate if C. acnes produces molecules that affect Staphylococcus spp. biofilm formation and dispersal. Thus, we evaluated the impact of C. acnes cell-free conditioned media (CFCM) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis, and S. lugdunensis biofilm formation. S. lugdunensis and S. hominis biofilm formation was significantly reduced with C. acnes CFCM without impact on their planktonic growth. C. acnes CFCM also significantly disrupted S. hominis established biofilms. The active molecules against S. lugdunensis and S. hominis biofilms appeared to be distinct since initial characterization points to different sizes and sensitivity to sodium metaperiodate, although the activity is highly resistant to heat in both cases. Mass spectrometry analysis of the fractions active against S. hominis revealed several potential candidates. Investigating how species present in the same environment interact, affecting the dynamics of biofilm formation, may reveal clinically useful compounds as well as molecular aspects of interspecies interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Durães Lima
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Antunes Dos Reis
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Reviello
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Glatthardt
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Coimbra
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Caetano Martha Antunes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Barreto Rocha Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Bloco I2-028, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.
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20
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Cobian N, Garlet A, Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, Barrangou R. Comparative Genomic Analyses and CRISPR-Cas Characterization of Cutibacterium acnes Provide Insights Into Genetic Diversity and Typing Applications. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:758749. [PMID: 34803983 PMCID: PMC8595920 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is an important member of the human skin microbiome and plays a critical role in skin health and disease. C. acnes encompasses different phylotypes that have been found to be associated with different skin phenotypes, suggesting a genetic basis for their impact on skin health. Here, we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of 255 C. acnes genomes to provide insights into the species genetic diversity and identify unique features that define various phylotypes. Results revealed a relatively small and open pan genome (6,240 genes) with a large core genome (1,194 genes), and three distinct phylogenetic clades, with multiple robust sub-clades. Furthermore, we identified several unique gene families driving differences between distinct C. acnes clades. Carbohydrate transporters, stress response mechanisms and potential virulence factors, potentially involved in competitive growth and host colonization, were detected in type I strains, which are presumably responsible for acne. Diverse type I-E CRISPR-Cas systems and prophage sequences were detected in select clades, providing insights into strain divergence and adaptive differentiation. Collectively, these results enable to elucidate the fundamental differences among C. acnes phylotypes, characterize genetic elements that potentially contribute to type I-associated dominance and disease, and other key factors that drive the differentiation among clades and sub-clades. These results enable the use of comparative genomics analyses as a robust method to differentiate among the C. acnes genotypes present in the skin microbiome, opening new avenues for the development of biotherapeutics to manipulate the skin microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cobian
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Claudio Hidalgo-Cantabrana
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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21
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Liang X, Ou C, Zhuang J, Li J, Zhang F, Zhong Y, Chen Y. Interplay Between Skin Microbiota Dysbiosis and the Host Immune System in Psoriasis: Potential Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764384. [PMID: 34733291 PMCID: PMC8558530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifactorial immune-mediated disease. The highly effective and eligible treatment for psoriasis is limited, for its specific pathogenesis is incompletely elucidated. Skin microbiota is a research hotspot in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases nowadays, and it may have significant involvement in the provocation or exacerbation of psoriasis with broadly applicable prospects. It is postulated that skin microbiota alternation may interplay with innate immunity such as antimicrobial peptides and Toll-like receptors to stimulate T-cell populations, resulting in immune cascade responses and ultimately psoriasis. Achieving a thorough understanding of its underlying pathogenesis is crucial. Herein, we discuss the potential immunopathogenesis of psoriasis from the aspect of skin microbiota in an attempt to yield insights for novel therapeutic and preventive modalities for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixin Ou
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiu Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Schalka S, Silva MS, Lopes LF, de Freitas LM, Baptista MS. The skin redoxome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:181-195. [PMID: 34719068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redoxome is the network of redox reactions and redox active species (ReAS) that affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Due to the intense and constant interaction with external agents, the human skin has a robust redox signalling framework with specific pathways and magnitudes. The establishment of the skin redoxome concept is key to expanding knowledge of skin disorders and establishing better strategies for their prevention and treatment. This review starts with its definition and progress to propose how the master redox regulators are maintained and activated in the different conditions experienced by the skin and how the lack of redox regulation is involved in the accumulation of several oxidation end products that are correlated with various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - M S Silva
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - L F Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M de Freitas
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Baptista
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Zmistowski B, Nicholson TA, Wang WL, Abboud JA, Namdari S. What is the clinical impact of positive cultures at the time of primary total shoulder arthroplasty? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021; 30:1324-8. [PMID: 32920106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultures taken at the time of primary shoulder arthroplasty are commonly positive for Cutibacterium acnes. Despite our limited understanding of the clinical implication of deep tissue inoculation from dermal colonization, significant efforts have been made to decolonize the shoulder prior to surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine differences in clinical outcomes based on culture positivity at the time of primary shoulder arthroplasty. METHODS A series of 134 patients who underwent primary anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and had intraoperative cultures obtained via a standard protocol were included. In each case, 5 tissue samples were collected and processed in a single laboratory for culture on aerobic and anaerobic media for 13 days. Minimum 2-year functional outcomes scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form [ASES] and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation [SANE]) and reoperation data were analyzed. RESULTS Forty-two (31.3%) patients had positive cultures (30 C acnes and 21 with at least 2 positive cultures) at the time of surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative functional outcome scores (ASES: 82.5 vs. 81.9; P = .89, SANE: 79.5 vs. 82.1; P = .54) between culture-positive and culture-negative cohorts. There were no cases of infection. Two patients (4.8%; 2/42) with positive cultures required reoperation compared with 4 patients (5.6%; 4/71) without positive cultures. CONCLUSION The apparent colonization by nonvirulent organisms in patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty does not appear to have a clinically significant effect on functional outcomes or need for repeat surgery in the short term.
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Brüggemann H, Salar-Vidal L, Gollnick HPM, Lood R. A Janus-Faced Bacterium: Host-Beneficial and -Detrimental Roles of Cutibacterium acnes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673845. [PMID: 34135880 PMCID: PMC8200545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial species Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) is tightly associated with humans. It is the dominant bacterium in sebaceous regions of the human skin, where it preferentially colonizes the pilosebaceous unit. Multiple strains of C. acnes that belong to phylogenetically distinct types can co-exist. In this review we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of C. acnes regarding bacterial properties and traits that allow host colonization and play major roles in host-bacterium interactions and also regarding the host responses that C. acnes can trigger. These responses can have beneficial or detrimental consequences for the host. In the first part of the review, we highlight and critically review disease associations of C. acnes, in particular acne vulgaris, implant-associated infections and native infections. Here, we also analyse the current evidence for a direct or indirect role of a C. acnes-related dysbiosis in disease development or progression, i.e., reduced C. acnes strain diversity and/or the predominance of a certain phylotype. In the second part of the review, we highlight historical and recent findings demonstrating beneficial aspects of colonization by C. acnes such as colonization resistance, immune system interactions, and oxidant protection, and discuss the molecular mechanisms behind these effects. This new insight led to efforts in skin microbiota manipulation, such as the use of C. acnes strains as probiotic options to treat skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llanos Salar-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald P. M. Gollnick
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Lood
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Souak D, Barreau M, Courtois A, André V, Duclairoir Poc C, Feuilloley MGJ, Gault M. Challenging Cosmetic Innovation: The Skin Microbiota and Probiotics Protect the Skin from UV-Induced Damage. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050936. [PMID: 33925587 PMCID: PMC8145394 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies performed in the last decade have focused on the cutaneous microbiota. It has been shown that this microbiota plays a key role in skin homeostasis. Considered as “a second barrier” to the environment, it is very important to know how it reacts to exogenous aggressions. The cosmetics industry has a started to use this microbiota as a source of natural ingredients, particularly ones that confer photoprotection against ultraviolet (UV) rays. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that bacterial molecules can block UV rays or reverse their harmful effects. Oral probiotics containing living microorganisms have also shown promising results in restoring skin homeostasis and reversing the negative effects of UV rays. Microbial-based active sunscreen compounds have huge potential for use as next-generation photoprotection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djouhar Souak
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, 69007 Lyon, France; (D.S.); (A.C.); (V.A.)
- LMSM EA4312, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France;
| | - Magalie Barreau
- LMSM EA4312, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France;
| | - Aurélie Courtois
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, 69007 Lyon, France; (D.S.); (A.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Valérie André
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, 69007 Lyon, France; (D.S.); (A.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Cécile Duclairoir Poc
- LMSM EA4312, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France;
- Correspondence: (C.D.P.); (M.G.J.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- LMSM EA4312, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France;
- Correspondence: (C.D.P.); (M.G.J.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Manon Gault
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, 69007 Lyon, France; (D.S.); (A.C.); (V.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.P.); (M.G.J.F.); (M.G.)
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Rozas M, Hart de Ruijter A, Fabrega MJ, Zorgani A, Guell M, Paetzold B, Brillet F. From Dysbiosis to Healthy Skin: Major Contributions of Cutibacterium acnes to Skin Homeostasis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 33803499 PMCID: PMC8003110 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is the most abundant bacterium living in human, healthy and sebum-rich skin sites, such as the face and the back. This bacterium is adapted to this specific environment and therefore could have a major role in local skin homeostasis. To assess the role of this bacterium in healthy skin, this review focused on (i) the abundance of C. acnes in the skin microbiome of healthy skin and skin disorders, (ii) its major contributions to human skin health, and (iii) skin commensals used as probiotics to alleviate skin disorders. The loss of C. acnes relative abundance and/or clonal diversity is frequently associated with skin disorders such as acne, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and psoriasis. C. acnes, and the diversity of its clonal population, contributes actively to the normal biophysiological skin functions through, for example, lipid modulation, niche competition and oxidative stress mitigation. Compared to gut probiotics, limited dermatological studies have investigated skin probiotics with skin commensal strains, highlighting their unexplored potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Rozas
- S-Biomedic, JLABS, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (M.R.); (A.H.d.R.); (A.Z.); (M.G.); (B.P.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Astrid Hart de Ruijter
- S-Biomedic, JLABS, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (M.R.); (A.H.d.R.); (A.Z.); (M.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Maria Jose Fabrega
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Amine Zorgani
- S-Biomedic, JLABS, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (M.R.); (A.H.d.R.); (A.Z.); (M.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Marc Guell
- S-Biomedic, JLABS, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (M.R.); (A.H.d.R.); (A.Z.); (M.G.); (B.P.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Bernhard Paetzold
- S-Biomedic, JLABS, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (M.R.); (A.H.d.R.); (A.Z.); (M.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Francois Brillet
- S-Biomedic, JLABS, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (M.R.); (A.H.d.R.); (A.Z.); (M.G.); (B.P.)
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De Pessemier B, Grine L, Debaere M, Maes A, Paetzold B, Callewaert C. Gut-Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:353. [PMID: 33670115 PMCID: PMC7916842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Not only is the skin microbiome altered, but also surprisingly many skin diseases are accompanied by an altered gut microbiome. The microbiome is a key regulator for the immune system, as it aims to maintain homeostasis by communicating with tissues and organs in a bidirectional manner. Hence, dysbiosis in the skin and/or gut microbiome is associated with an altered immune response, promoting the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, and even skin cancer. Here, we focus on the associations between the microbiome, diet, metabolites, and immune responses in skin pathologies. This review describes an exhaustive list of common skin conditions with associated dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as the current body of evidence on gut microbiome dysbiosis, dietary links, and their interplay with skin conditions. An enhanced understanding of the local skin and gut microbiome including the underlying mechanisms is necessary to shed light on the microbial involvement in human skin diseases and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta De Pessemier
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Lynda Grine
- Department of Head & Skin, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Melanie Debaere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Aglaya Maes
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
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Mayslich C, Grange PA, Dupin N. Cutibacterium acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: An Update of Its Virulence-Associated Factors. Microorganisms 2021; 9:303. [PMID: 33540667 PMCID: PMC7913060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is a member of the skin microbiota found predominantly in regions rich in sebaceous glands. It is involved in maintaining healthy skin and has long been considered a commensal bacterium. Its involvement in various infections has led to its emergence as an opportunist pathogen. Interactions between C. acnes and the human host, including the human skin microbiota, promote the selection of C. acnes strains capable of producing several virulence factors that increase inflammatory capability. This pathogenic property may be related to many infectious mechanisms, such as an ability to form biofilms and the expression of putative virulence factors capable of triggering host immune responses or enabling C. acnes to adapt to its environment. During the past decade, many studies have identified and characterized several putative virulence factors potentially involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These virulence factors are involved in bacterial attachment to target cells, polysaccharide-based biofilm synthesis, molecular structures mediating inflammation, and the enzymatic degradation of host tissues. C. acnes, like other skin-associated bacteria, can colonize various ecological niches other than skin. It produces several proteins or glycoproteins that could be considered to be active virulence factors, enabling the bacterium to adapt to the lipophilic environment of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin, but also to the various organs it colonizes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning characterized C. acnes virulence factors and their possible implication in the pathogenicity of C. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Mayslich
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Philippe Alain Grange
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.5, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.5, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
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Callewaert C, Knödlseder N, Karoglan A, Güell M, Paetzold B. Skin microbiome transplantation and manipulation: Current state of the art. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:624-631. [PMID: 33510866 PMCID: PMC7806958 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skin conditions are associated with an imbalance in the skin microbiome. In recent years, the skin microbiome has become a hot topic, for both therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. The possibility of manipulating the human skin microbiome to address skin conditions has opened exciting new paths for therapy. Here we review the skin microbiome manipulation strategies, ranging from skin microbiome transplantation, over skin bacteriotherapy to the use of prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. We summarize all efforts undertaken to exchange, manipulate, transplant or selectively apply the skin microbiome to date. Multiple microbial groups have been targeted, since they have been proven to be beneficial for skin health. We focus on the most common skin disorders and their associated skin microbiome dysbiosis and we review the existing scientific data and clinical trials undertaken to combat these skin conditions. The skin microbiome represents a novel platform for therapy. Transplantation of a complete microbiome or application of single strains has demonstrated beneficial therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nastassia Knödlseder
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ante Karoglan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Güell
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhou H, Shi L, Ren Y, Tan X, Liu W, Liu Z. Applications of Human Skin Microbiota in the Cutaneous Disorders for Ecology-Based Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:570261. [PMID: 33194808 PMCID: PMC7641908 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.570261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin represents the exterior interface between the human body with the environment while providing a home to trillions of the commensal microorganisms—collectively referred to as the skin microbiota. These microbes that coexist in an established balance play a pivotal role in the protection of cutaneous health and the orchestration of skin homeostasis. However, the well-controlled but delicate balance can be perturbed by alterations in the skin microbial communities, namely, dysbiosis, often due to commensals defeated by pathogens competing for space and nutrients, which leads to the occurrence of multiple cutaneous disorders. In view of this, the analysis of skin microbiota constituents in skin diseases is crucial for defining the role of commensal microbes and treatment of skin diseases. Emerging evidence shows that the ecology-based therapy of microbial transplantation has been proven as a valid therapeutic strategy for cutaneous disorders caused by skin microbial dysbiosis. Although its mechanism is not well-understood, there are already some applications for ecology-based therapy with the aim of correcting the imbalances on the cutaneous ecosystem. In this review, we summarize the interactions between dysbiosis and the cutaneous disorders, including homeostasis and dysbiosis of skin microbiota, microbial composition in skin diseases, and the mechanisms and applications of reversing or ameliorating the dysbiosis by the targeted manipulation of the skin microbiota, which may contribute to aid development of therapeutic modality for ecology-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wollein Waldetoft K, Råberg L, Lood R. Proliferation and benevolence-A framework for dissecting the mechanisms of microbial virulence and health promotion. Evol Appl 2020; 13:879-888. [PMID: 32431740 PMCID: PMC7232753 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Key topics in the study of host–microbe interactions—such as the prevention of drug resistance and the exploitation of beneficial effects of bacteria—would benefit from concerted efforts with both mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. But due to differences in intellectual traditions, insights gained in one field rarely benefit the other. Here, we develop a conceptual and analytical framework for the integrated study of host–microbe interactions. This framework partitions the health effects of microbes and the effector molecules they produce into components with different evolutionary implications. It thereby facilitates the prediction of evolutionary responses to inhibition and exploitation of specific molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Råberg
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Rolf Lood
- Division of Infection Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden
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Stull JD, Nicholson TA, Davis DE, Namdari S. Addition of 3% hydrogen peroxide to standard skin preparation reduces Cutibacterium acnes-positive culture rate in shoulder surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:212-216. [PMID: 31839392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide is an inexpensive and effective antimicrobial agent that can be implemented in surgical skin preparations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the decolonization effect of Cutibacterium acnes when adding hydrogen peroxide to a standard sterile preparation for shoulder surgery. METHODS This was a single-institution, prospective, randomized controlled trial of male patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy (April 2018 and May 2019). Patients were randomized to a standard skin preparation vs. an additional sterile preparation with 3% hydrogen peroxide. After draping, a 3-mm punch biopsy was obtained from the posterior arthroscopic portal site of all patients. Anaerobic and aerobic culture substrates were used and held for 13 days. RESULTS Seventy male patients were randomized into the hydrogen peroxide group and 70 male patients were in the traditional group. Twelve (17.1%) patients in the hydrogen peroxide group and 24 (34.2%) patients in the traditional group had positive cultures for C acnes (P = .033). Cultures were positive at a mean of 4.5 days (range 3-7) in the hydrogen peroxide group and 4.1 days (range 3-8) in the traditional group (P = .48). There were no cases of skin reaction to the surgical preparation in either group. DISCUSSION The results of this study suggest that the addition of hydrogen peroxide to preoperative surgical site preparation can reduce the C acnes culture rate. Hydrogen peroxide is inexpensive and can be added to the typical skin preparation used prior to shoulder surgery without substantial risk of skin reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Stull
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thema A Nicholson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Davis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Surena Namdari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Nguyen NH, Tran GB, Nguyen CT. Anti-oxidative effects of superoxide dismutase 3 on inflammatory diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:59-69. [PMID: 31724066 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals and other oxidants are critical determinants of the cellular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases including inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated the protective effects of antioxidant enzymes during inflammation by elimination of free radicals. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, plays an essential pathogenic role in the inflammatory diseases by not only catalyzing the conversion of the superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen but also affecting immune responses. There are three distinct isoforms of SOD, which distribute in different cellular compartments such as cytosolic SOD1, mitochondrial SOD2, and extracellular SOD3. Many studies have investigated the anti-oxidative effects of SOD3 in the inflammatory diseases. Herein, in this review, we focus on the current understanding of SOD3 as a therapeutic protein in inflammatory diseases such as skin, autoimmune, lung, and cardiovascular inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which SOD3 modulates immune responses and signal initiation in the pathogenesis of the diseases will be further discussed.
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Hernández AR, Boutonnet M, Svensson B, Butler E, Lood R, Blom K, Vallejo B, Anderson C, Engblom J, Ruzgas T, Björklund S. New concepts for transdermal delivery of oxygen based on catalase biochemical reactions studied by oxygen electrode amperometry. J Control Release 2019; 306:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Paetzold B, Willis JR, Pereira de Lima J, Knödlseder N, Brüggemann H, Quist SR, Gabaldón T, Güell M. Skin microbiome modulation induced by probiotic solutions. Microbiome 2019; 7:95. [PMID: 31234928 PMCID: PMC6591853 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is colonized by a large number of microorganisms, most of which are beneficial or harmless. However, disease states of skin have specific microbiome compositions that are different from those of healthy skin. Gut microbiome modulation through fecal transplant has been proven as a valid therapeutic strategy in diseases such as Clostridium difficile infections. Therefore, techniques to modulate the skin microbiome composition may become an interesting therapeutic option in diseases affecting the skin such as psoriasis or acne vulgaris. METHODS Here, we have used mixtures of different skin microbiome components to alter the composition of recipient skin microbiomes. RESULTS We show that after sequential applications of a donor microbiome, the recipient microbiome becomes more similar to the donor. After intervention, an initial week-long phase is characterized by the dominance of donor strains. The level of engraftment depends on the composition of the recipient and donor microbiomes, and the applied bacterial load. We observed higher engraftment using a multi-strain donor solution with recipient skin rich in Cutibacterium acnes subtype H1 and Leifsonia. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the use of living bacteria to modulate skin microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse R. Willis
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nastassia Knödlseder
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Holger Brüggemann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, 8000 Aarrhus, Denmark
| | - Sven R. Quist
- Department of Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39112 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt Germany
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Güell
- S-Biomedic, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Gannesen AV, Zdorovenko EL, Botchkova EA, Hardouin J, Massier S, Kopitsyn DS, Gorbachevskii MV, Kadykova AA, Shashkov AS, Zhurina MV, Netrusov AI, Knirel YA, Plakunov VK, Feuilloley MGJ. Composition of the Biofilm Matrix of Cutibacterium acnes Acneic Strain RT5. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1284. [PMID: 31293526 PMCID: PMC6598116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In skin, Cutibacterium acnes (former Propionibacterium acnes) can behave as an opportunistic pathogen, depending on the strain and environmental conditions. Acneic strains of C. acnes form biofilms inside skin-gland hollows, inducing inflammation and skin disorders. The essential exogenous products of C. acnes accumulate in the extracellular matrix of the biofilm, conferring essential bacterial functions to this structure. However, little is known about the actual composition of the biofilm matrix of C. acnes. Here, we developed a new technique for the extraction of the biofilm matrix of Gram-positive bacteria without the use of chemical or enzymatic digestion, known to be a source of artifacts. Our method is based on the physical separation of the cells and matrix of sonicated biofilms by ultracentrifugation through a CsCl gradient. Biofilms were grown on the surface of cellulose acetate filters, and the biomass was collected without contamination by the growth medium. The biofilm matrix of the acneic C. acnes RT5 strain appears to consist mainly of polysaccharides. The following is the ratio of the main matrix components: 62.6% polysaccharides, 9.6% proteins, 4.0% DNA, and 23.8% other compounds (porphyrins precursors and other). The chemical structure of the major polysaccharide was determined using a nuclear magnetic resonance technique, the formula being →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-ManpNAc3NAcA-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-ManpNAc3NAcA-(1→3)-β-GalpNAc-(1→. We detected 447 proteins in the matrix, of which the most abundant were the chaperonin GroL, the elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-G, several enzymes of glycolysis, and proteins of unknown function. The matrix also contained more than 20 hydrolases of various substrata, pathogenicity factors, and many intracellular proteins and enzymes. We also performed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of the C. acnes RT5 matrix for the first time, providing the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) profiles of the C. acnes RT5 biofilm matrix and biofilm biomass. The difference between the matrix and biofilm biomass spectra showed successful matrix extraction rather than simply the presence of cell debris after sonication. These data show the complexity of the biofilm matrix composition and should be essential for the development of new anti-C. acnes biofilms and potential antibiofilm drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Gannesen
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evelina L. Zdorovenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Botchkova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Laboratory of Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces UMR 6270 PBS, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Sebastien Massier
- Laboratory of Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces UMR 6270 PBS, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Dmitry S. Kopitsyn
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexandra A. Kadykova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Shashkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Zhurina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yuriy A. Knirel
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Plakunov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- EA4312 Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, Rouen University, Evreux, France
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Boyd JM, Lewis KA, Mohammed N, Desai P, Purdy M, Li W, Fourre T, Miksa D, Crane S, Southall M, Fassih A. Propionibacterium acnes susceptibility to low‐level 449 nm blue light photobiomodulation. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:727-34. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ertürk Bergdahl G, Andersson T, Allhorn M, Yngman S, Timm R, Lood R. In Vivo Detection and Absolute Quantification of a Secreted Bacterial Factor from Skin Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Improved Diagnostic Abilities. ACS Sens 2019; 4:717-725. [PMID: 30758943 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for the detection and quantification of a secreted bacterial factor (RoxP) from skin. A molecular imprinting method was used for the preparation of sensor chips and five different monomer-cross-linker compositions were evaluated for sensitivity, selectivity, affinity, and kinetic measurements. The most promising molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Limit of detection (LOD) value was calculated as 0.23 nM with an affinity constant of 3.3 × 10-9 M for the promising MIP. Besides being highly sensitive, the developed system was also very selective for the template protein RoxP, proven by the calculated selectivity coefficients. Finally, absolute concentrations of RoxP in several skin swabs were analyzed by using the developed MIP-SPR biosensor and compared to a competitive ELISA. Consequently, the developed system offers a very efficient tool for the detection and quantification of RoxP as an early indicator for some oxidative skin diseases especially when they are present in low-abundance levels (e.g., skin samples).
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Andersson T, Ertürk Bergdahl G, Saleh K, Magnúsdóttir H, Stødkilde K, Andersen CBF, Lundqvist K, Jensen A, Brüggemann H, Lood R. Common skin bacteria protect their host from oxidative stress through secreted antioxidant RoxP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3596. [PMID: 30837648 PMCID: PMC6401081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is an abundant skin commensal with several proposed mutualistic functions. A protein with strong antioxidant activity was recently identified from the C. acnes secretome. This protein, termed RoxP, facilitated aerobic bacterial growth in vitro and ex vivo. As reducing events naturally occurred outside of the bacterial cell, it was further hypothesized that RoxP could also serve to modulate redox status of human skin. The biological function of RoxP was here assessed in vitro and in vivo, through oxidatively stressed cell cultures and through protein quantification from skin affected by oxidative disease (actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma), respectively. 16S rDNA amplicon deep sequencing and single locus sequence typing was used to correlate bacterial prevalence to cutaneous RoxP abundances. We show that RoxP positively influence the viability of monocytes and keratinocytes exposed to oxidative stress, and that a congruent concentration decline of RoxP can be observed in skin affected by oxidative disease. Basal cell carcinoma was moreover associated with microbial dysbiosis, characterized by reduced C. acnes prevalence. C. acnes's secretion of RoxP, an exogenous but naturally occurring antioxidant on human skin, is likely to positively influence the human host. Results furthermore attest to its prospective usability as a biopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilde Andersson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gizem Ertürk Bergdahl
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karim Saleh
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Katarina Lundqvist
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rolf Lood
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the bactericidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). We hypothesize that H2O2 reduces the bacterial burden of C. acnes. Methods The effect of H2O2 was assessed by testing bactericidal effect, time course analysis, growth inhibition, and minimum bactericidal concentration. To assess the bactericidal effect, bacteria were treated for 30 minutes with 0%, 1%, 3%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% H2O2 in saline or water and compared with 3% topical H2O2 solution. For time course analysis, bacteria were treated with water or saline (controls), 3% H2O2 in water, 3% H2O2 in saline, or 3% topical solution for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes. Results were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05). Results Minimum inhibitory concentration of H2O2 after 30 minutes is 1% for H2O2 prepared in saline and water. The 3% topical solution was as effective when compared with the 1% H2O2 prepared in saline or water. The controls of both saline and water showed no reduction of bacteria. After five minutes of exposure, all mixtures of H2O2 reduced the percentage of live bacteria, with the topical solution being most effective (p < 0.0001). Maximum growth inhibition was achieved with topical 3% H2O2. Conclusion The inexpensive and commercially available topical solution of 3% H2O2 demonstrated superior bactericidal effect as observed in the minimum bactericidal inhibitory concentration, time course, and colony-forming unit (CFU) inhibition assays. These results support the use of topical 3% H2O2 for five minutes before surgical skin preparation prior to shoulder surgery to achieve eradication of C. acnes for the skin.Cite this article: P. Hernandez, B. Sager, A. Fa, T. Liang, C. Lozano, M. Khazzam. Bactericidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide on Cutibacterium acnes. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:3-10. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.BJR-2018-0145.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hernandez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Sager
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Fa
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shoulder Service, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
| | - C Lozano
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Khazzam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shoulder Service, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
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Chang HW, Yan D, Singh R, Liu J, Lu X, Ucmak D, Lee K, Afifi L, Fadrosh D, Leech J, Vasquez KS, Lowe MM, Rosenblum MD, Scharschmidt TC, Lynch SV, Liao W. Alteration of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis and potential role in Th17 polarization. Microbiome 2018; 6:154. [PMID: 30185226 PMCID: PMC6125946 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis impacts 1-3% of the world's population and is characterized by hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes and increased inflammation. At the molecular level, psoriasis is commonly driven by a Th17 response, which serves as a major therapeutic target. Microbiome perturbations have been associated with several immune-mediated diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Although a few studies have investigated the association between the skin microbiome and psoriasis, conflicting results have been reported plausibly due to the lack of standardized sampling and profiling protocols, or to inherent microbial variability across human subjects and underpowered studies. To better understand the link between the cutaneous microbiota and psoriasis, we conducted an analysis of skin bacterial communities of 28 psoriasis patients and 26 healthy subjects, sampled at six body sites using a standardized protocol and higher sequencing depth compared to previous studies. Mouse studies were employed to examine dermal microbial-immune interactions of bacterial species identified from our study. RESULTS Skin microbiome profiling based on sequencing the 16S rRNA V1-V3 variable region revealed significant differences between the psoriasis-associated and healthy skin microbiota. Comparing the overall community structures, psoriasis-associated microbiota displayed higher diversity and more heterogeneity compared to healthy skin bacterial communities. Specific microbial signatures were associated with psoriatic lesional, psoriatic non-lesional, and healthy skin. Specifically, relative enrichment of Staphylococcus aureus was strongly associated with both lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin. In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes were underrepresented in psoriatic lesions compared to healthy skin, especially on the arm, gluteal fold, and trunk. Employing a mouse model to further study the impact of cutaneous Staphylcoccus species on the skin T cell differentiation, we found that newborn mice colonized with Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated strong Th17 polarization, whereas mice colonized with Staphylococcus epidermidis or un-colonized controls showed no such response. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that microbial communities on psoriatic skin is substantially different from those on healthy skin. The psoriatic skin microbiome has increased diversity and reduced stability compared to the healthy skin microbiome. The loss of community stability and decrease in immunoregulatory bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes may lead to higher colonization with pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, which could exacerbate cutaneous inflammation along the Th17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Di Yan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rasnik Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jared Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
- Dermatology Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Derya Ucmak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dicle University School of Medicine, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Kristina Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Ladan Afifi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Douglas Fadrosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Leech
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Kimberly S Vasquez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | | | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
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Jugé R, Rouaud-Tinguely P, Breugnot J, Servaes K, Grimaldi C, Roth MP, Coppin H, Closs B. Shift in skin microbiota of Western European women across aging. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:907-916. [PMID: 29791788 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of our study was to compare the microbiota diversity between two different age groups of Western European women. METHODS AND RESULTS Skin-swab samples were collected directly on the forehead of 34 healthy Western European women: 17 younger (21-31 years old) and 17 older individuals (54-69 years old). Bacterial communities were evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data revealed a higher alpha diversity on the skin of older individuals compared with younger ones. Overall microbiota structure was different between the two age groups, as demonstrated by beta diversity analysis, which also highlighted a high interpersonal variation within older individuals. Furthermore, taxonomic composition analysis showed both an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria on the older skin. At the genus level, older skin exhibited a significant increase in Corynebacterium and a decrease in Propionibacterium relative abundance. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a shift in the distribution of skin microbiota during chronological aging in Western European women. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Altogether these results could become the basis to develop new approaches aiming to rebalance the skin microbiota, which is modified during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jugé
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | | | - J Breugnot
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - K Servaes
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - C Grimaldi
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - M-P Roth
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENUT, Toulouse, France
| | - H Coppin
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENUT, Toulouse, France
| | - B Closs
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
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Törőcsik D, Kovács D, Póliska S, Szentkereszty-Kovács Z, Lovászi M, Hegyi K, Szegedi A, Zouboulis CC, Ståhle M. Genome wide analysis of TLR1/2- and TLR4-activated SZ95 sebocytes reveals a complex immune-competence and identifies serum amyloid A as a marker for activated sebaceous glands. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198323. [PMID: 29927962 PMCID: PMC6013244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 are active in sebaceous glands and play a central role in the development of acne. Still, there is only limited knowledge on their effect on sebocytes. In this work we performed global gene expression profile analysis with functional clustering of the differentially regulated genes of TLR1/2 (PAM3CSK4)- and TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-activated SZ95 sebocytes. Both TLR1/2- and 4-activation promoted inflammation in a similar manner already at an early time-point (6 hours), regulating genes involved in inflammation, wound healing and chemotaxis reflecting a more complex cytokine and chemokine regulation than previously known. Importantly, lipid metabolism, the primary feature of sebocytes, was affected at the level of gene expression only at a later time point (24 hours) indicating that sebocytes prioritize to exert a pro-inflammatory phenotype when confronted with a danger signal. Supporting the biological relevance of our results, a meta-analysis revealed that the genes showing the strongest up-regulation were also found up-regulated in acne. Of these genes, serum amyloid A 1/2 (SAA1/2) was confirmed to be a suitable protein marker for in vivo activated sebocytes, underlining their immune-competence, which is structurally defined within sebaceous glands of acne and rosacea skin samples. Altogether our findings demonstrate that sebocytes are not only positioned at the end point of inflammation but are actively involved in shaping the inflammatory response with putative diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hegyi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Megyeri K, Orosz L, Bolla S, Erdei L, Rázga Z, Seprényi G, Urbán E, Szabó K, Kemény L. Propionibacterium acnes Induces Autophagy in Keratinocytes: Involvement of Multiple Mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:750-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nguyen CT, Sah SK, Zouboulis CC, Kim TY. Inhibitory effects of superoxide dismutase 3 on Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4024. [PMID: 29507345 PMCID: PMC5838256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is a well-known commensal bacterium that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne and chronic inflammatory skin disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) on P. acnes- or peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrated that SOD3 suppressed toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) expression in P. acnes- or PGN-treated keratinocytes and sebocytes. Moreover, we found that SOD3 suppressed the expressions of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 in P. acnes- or PGN-treated cells. SOD3 also exhibited an anti-inflammatory role by reducing the expression of inflammasome-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1) and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. In addition, SOD3 reduced lipid accumulation and expression of lipogenic regulators in P. acnes-treated sebocytes. Recombinant SOD3-treated wild-type mice and SOD3 transgenic mice, which were subcutaneously infected with P. acnes, showed tolerance to inflammation through reducing inflammatory cell infiltration in skin, ear thickness, and expression of inflammatory mediators. Our result showed that SOD3 could suppress the inflammation through inhibition of TLR2/p38/NF-κB axis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, SOD3 could be a promising candidate for treatment of P. acnes-mediated skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Thach Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, South Korea
| | - Shyam Kishor Sah
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, South Korea
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, South Korea.
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Ertürk G, Hedström M, Mattiasson B, Ruzgas T, Lood R. Highly sensitive detection and quantification of the secreted bacterial benevolence factor RoxP using a capacitive biosensor: A possible early detection system for oxidative skin diseases. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193754. [PMID: 29494704 PMCID: PMC5833275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the microbiota on our health is rapidly gaining interest. While several bacteria have been associated with disease, and others being indicated as having a probiotic effect, the individual biomolecules behind these alterations are often not known. A major problem in the study of these factors in vivo is their low abundance in complex environments. We recently identified the first secreted bacterial antioxidant protein, RoxP, from the skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes, suggesting its relevance for maintaining the redox homeostasis on the skin. In order to study the effect, and prevalence, of RoxP in vivo, a capacitive biosensor with a recognition surface based on molecular imprinting was used to detect RoxP on skin in vivo. In vitro analyses demonstrated the ability to detect and quantify RoxP in a concentration range of 1 x 10−13 M to 1 x 10−8 M from human skin swabs; with a limit of detection of 2.5 x 10−19 M in buffer systems. Further, the biosensor was highly selective, not responding to any other secreted protein from P. acnes. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate the presence, and quantity, of RoxP on human skin. Therefore, the developed biosensor is a very promising tool for the detection of RoxP from clinical samples, offering a rapid, cost-effective and sensitive means of detecting low-abundant bacterial proteins in vivo in complex milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ertürk
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center B14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Hedström
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center B14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Petersson F, Kilsgård O, Shannon O, Lood R. Platelet activation and aggregation by the opportunistic pathogen Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192051. [PMID: 29385206 PMCID: PMC5792000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes, considered a part of the skin microbiota, is one of the most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from medical implants in contact with plasma. However, the precise interaction of C. acnes with blood cells and plasma proteins has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we have investigated the molecular interaction of C. acnes with platelets and plasma proteins. We report that the ability of C. acnes to aggregate platelets is dependent on phylotype, with a significantly lower ability amongst type IB isolates, and the interaction of specific donor-dependent plasma proteins (or concentrations thereof) with C. acnes. Pretreatment of C. acnes with plasma reduces the lag time before aggregation demonstrating that pre-deposition of plasma proteins on C. acnes is an important step in platelet aggregation. Using mass spectrometry we identified several plasma proteins deposited on C. acnes, including IgG, fibrinogen and complement factors. Inhibition of IgG, fibrinogen or complement decreased C. acnes-mediated platelet aggregation, demonstrating the importance of these plasma proteins for aggregation. The interaction of C. acnes and platelets was visualized using fluorescence microscopy, verifying the presence of IgG and fibrinogen as components of the aggregates, and co-localization of C. acnes and platelets in the aggregates. Here, we have demonstrated the ability of C. acnes to activate and aggregate platelets in a bacterium and donor-specific fashion, as well as added mechanistic insights into this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Petersson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Kilsgård
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Immunotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oonagh Shannon
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lood
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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48
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Nazipi S, Stødkilde-Jørgensen K, Scavenius C, Brüggemann H. The Skin Bacterium Propionibacterium acnes Employs Two Variants of Hyaluronate Lyase with Distinct Properties. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030057. [PMID: 28895889 PMCID: PMC5620648 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and other glycosaminoglycans are extracellular matrix components in the human epidermis and dermis. One of the most prevalent skin microorganisms, Propionibacterium acnes, possesses HA-degrading activity, possibly conferred by the enzyme hyaluronate lyase (HYL). In this study, we identified the HYL of P. acnes and investigated the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Investigations include the generation of a P. acneshyl knockout mutant and HYL activity assays to determine the substrate range and formed products. We found that P. acnes employs two distinct variants of HYL. One variant, HYL-IB/II, is highly active, resulting in complete HA degradation; it is present in strains of the phylotypes IB and II. The other variant, HYL-IA, has low activity, resulting in incomplete HA degradation; it is present in type IA strains. Our findings could explain some of the observed differences between P. acnes phylotype IA and IB/II strains. Whereas type IA strains are primarily found on the skin surface and associated with acne vulgaris, type IB/II strains are more often associated with soft and deep tissue infections, which would require elaborate tissue invasion strategies, possibly accomplished by a highly active HYL-IB/II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seven Nazipi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Holger Brüggemann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Lomholt HB, Scholz CFP, Brüggemann H, Tettelin H, Kilian M. A comparative study of Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes clones from acne patients and healthy controls. Anaerobe 2017; 47:57-63. [PMID: 28434779 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes is assumed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acne. OBJECTIVES To examine if clones with distinct virulence properties are associated with acne. METHODS Multiple C. acnes isolates from follicles and surface skin of patients with moderate to severe acne and healthy controls were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. To determine if CC18 isolates from acne patients differ from those of controls in the possession of virulence genes or lack of genes conducive to a harmonious coexistence the full genomes of dominating CC18 follicular clones from six patients and five controls were sequenced. RESULTS Individuals carried one to ten clones simultaneously. The dominating C. acnes clones in follicles from acne patients were exclusively from the phylogenetic clade I-1a and all belonged to clonal complex CC18 with the exception of one patient dominated by the worldwide-disseminated and often antibiotic resistant clone ST3. The clonal composition of healthy follicles showed a more heterogeneous pattern with follicles dominated by clones representing the phylogenetic clades I-1a, I-1b, I-2 and II. Comparison of follicular CC18 gene contents, allelic versions of putative virulence genes and their promoter regions, and 54 variable-length intragenic and inter-genic homopolymeric tracts showed extensive conservation and no difference associated with the clinical origin of isolates. CONCLUSIONS The study supports that C. acnes strains from clonal complex CC18 and the often antibiotic resistant clone ST3 are associated with acne and suggests that susceptibility of the host rather than differences within these clones may determine the clinical outcome of colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Lomholt
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - C F P Scholz
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H Brüggemann
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - M Kilian
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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