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Won DS, Lee KB, Park JH, Zeng CH, Kim MH, Lee DH. Balloon neck-plasty to create a wide-necked aneurysm in the elastase-induced rabbit model. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:825-834. [PMID: 38438630 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The elastase-induced aneurysm (EIA) model in rabbits has been proposed for translational research; however, the adjustment of aneurysm neck size remains challenging. In this study, the technical feasibility and safety of balloon neck-plasty to create a wide-necked aneurysm in rabbit EIA model were investigated. METHODS Male New Zealand White rabbits (N = 15) were randomly assigned to three groups: group A, EIA creation without neck-plasty; group B, neck-plasty immediately after EIA creation; group C, neck-plasty 4 weeks after EIA creation. The diameter of balloon used for neck-plasty was determined 1 mm larger than origin carotid artery diameter. All rabbits were euthanized 4 weeks after their final surgery. Aneurysm neck, height, dome-to-neck (D/N) ratio, and histologic parameters were compared among the groups. RESULTS Aneurysm creation was technically successful in 14 out of 15 rabbits (93.3%), with one rabbit experiencing mortality due to an adverse anesthetic event during the surgery. Saccular and wide-necked aneurysms were successfully created in all rabbits. Aneurysm neck was significantly greater in groups B and C compared to group A (all P < .05). D/N ratio was significantly lower in groups B and C compared to group A (all P < .05). Additionally, tunica media thickness, vessel area, and luminal area were significantly greater in groups B and C compared to group A (all P < .05). These variables were found to be significantly greater in group B compared to group C (all P < .05). CONCLUSION The creation of a wide-necked aneurysm using balloon neck-plasty after elastase induction in rabbits has been determined to be technically feasible and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sung Won
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Chungbuk Health and Science University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Hui Zeng
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Mechelinck M, Hein M, Kupp C, Braunschweig T, Helmedag MJ, Klinkenberg A, Habigt MA, Klinge U, Tolba RH, Uhlig M. Experimental Liver Cirrhosis Inhibits Restenosis after Balloon Angioplasty. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11351. [PMID: 37511114 PMCID: PMC10379020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of liver cirrhosis on vascular remodeling in vivo remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of cholestatic liver cirrhosis on carotid arterial remodeling. A total of 79 male Sprague Dawley rats underwent bile duct ligation (cirrhotic group) or sham surgery (control group) and 28 days later left carotid artery balloon dilatation; 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after balloon dilatation, the rats were euthanized and carotid arteries were harvested. Histological sections were planimetrized, cell counts determined, and systemic inflammatory parameters measured. Up to day 14 after balloon dilatation, both groups showed a comparable increase in neointima area and degree of stenosis. By day 28, however, both values were significantly lower in the cirrhotic group (% stenosis: 20 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 10, p = 0.010; neointimal area [mm2]: 0.064 ± 0.025 vs. 0.138 ± 0.025, p = 0.024). Simultaneously, cell density in the neointima (p = 0.034) and inflammatory parameters were significantly higher in cirrhotic rats. This study demonstrates that cholestatic liver cirrhosis in rats substantially increases neointimal cell consolidation between days 14 and 28. Thereby, consolidation proved important for the degree of stenosis. This may suggest that patients with cholestatic cirrhosis are at lower risk for restenosis after coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mare Mechelinck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Hein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Kupp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius J Helmedag
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel Klinkenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moriz A Habigt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Klinge
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - René H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Uhlig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Patel S, Patel KB, Patel Z, Konat A, Patel A, Doshi JS, Chokshi P, Patel D, Sharma K, Amdani MM, Shah DB, Dholu U, Patel M. Evolving Coronary Stent Technologies - A Glimpse Into the Future. Cureus 2023; 15:e35651. [PMID: 37009355 PMCID: PMC10065169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely accepted forms of treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD) is the implementation of stents into the vessel. This area of research is constantly evolving, ranging from bare-metal stents through drug-eluting stents and, more recently, approaching bioresorbable stents and polymer-free stents. This article reviews the evolution of all these devices and emphasizes how they might be further evolved to provide an optimal coronary stent and overcome unsolved challenges in stent development. We thoroughly evaluated a number of published studies in order to advance coronary stent technologies. Additionally, we looked for various literature that highlighted the inadequacies of the coronary stents that are currently available and how they might be modified to create the optimum coronary stent. Coronary stents have significantly improved clinical outcomes in interventional cardiology, but there are still a number of drawbacks, including an persisted risk of thrombosis due to endothelial injury and in-stent restenosis. Gene eluting stents (GES) and customized coronary stents with self-reporting stent sensors are appealing alternatives to existing stent approaches. Considering the adequacy of these gene eluting stents (GES), customized coronary stents produced by novel 4D printing technologies and integrated self-reporting stent sensors should be assumed for anticipating future advancements to optimal coronary stent devices; however, more interventional evidence is required to determine the future prospects of these stent innovations.
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Heitzer M, Ooms M, Katz MS, Peters F, Kilic K, Tolba R, Jockenhoevel S, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Hölzle F, Modabber A. Evaluation of the long-term results of vascular anastomosis using polyurethane adhesive and shape-memory stent in the rat carotid artery model. Microsurgery 2022; 42:480-489. [PMID: 35670105 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In free flaps, 5%-10% of complications are related to failure of sutured vascular anastomoses. Adhesive-based microvascular anastomoses are potential alternatives but are associated with failure rates of 70% in research studies. VIVO is a new adhesive with slow biodegradation within 6 months that has shown a 100% patency rate in research studies over 2 h observation time but long-term patency has not been evaluated. The authors hypothesize that VIVO will enable a reliable microvascular procedure comparable to sutured anastomoses over a 28-day period. MATERIALS AND METHODS The right common carotid artery of 60 male Sprague Dawley rats, ~450 g, were used for microvascular end-to-end anastomosis. VIVO was applied with reduced sutures with a temporary catheter in one group and in the other with a custom-shaped memory stent. Anastomoses with eight interrupted sutures served as control. All groups were n = 20. Anastomosis time and bleeding were recorded for each procedure. Doppler flowmetry was performed 20 min, 1, 10, and 28 days postoperatively. Postmortem toluidine staining was used for semi-quantitative analysis of stenosis, thrombosis, necrosis, and aneurysm formation by histologic evaluation. RESULTS No occlusion was detected 20 min and 1 day postoperative, and after 28 days of observation in all anastomoses. The anastomosis time of the VIVO with catheter group was about 32% significantly faster than the VIVO with stent group. In the VIVO group with stent, the bleeding time was ~80% shorter than in the control group with 2.1 ± 0.3 and VIVO with catheter 2.0 ± 0.5 (p ≤ .001 each). Minor and nonsignificant stent-associated thrombus formation and stent-typical intraluminal stenosis were detected exclusively in the VIVO with stent group. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of a rat study, the use of VIVO in anastomosis showed promising results. VIVO with catheter was found to be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Heitzer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Ooms
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie Sophie Katz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad Kilic
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - René Tolba
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery of RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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He L, Gao K, Liu H, Wang J, Li X, He C. Smooth muscle cell-specific knockout of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptor attenuates intimal hyperplasia via STAT1-KLF4 activation. Life Sci 2021:119651. [PMID: 34048810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimal hyperplasia is a main contributor to in-stent restenosis. Previous researches have shown that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory factor, plays a pathological role in intimal hyperplasia. However, the specific role and molecular mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-derived IFN-γ receptor in intimal hyperplasia remains unknown. METHODS We examined the distribution of IFN-γ receptor in human restenosis arteries. Then, the role of IFN-γ receptor in intimal hyperplasia was detected using VSMC-specific IFN-γ receptor-knock out carotid ligation injury models. We performed immunostaining, transwell assay and EdU staining to identify the role of IFN-γ in VSMCs proliferation and migration. The effect of IFN-γ on VSMCs phenotype switching was also investigated. Finally, we evaluated whether the mechanism of IFN-γ on intimal hyperplasia is STAT1-KLF4 dependent. RESULTS The distribution of IFN-γ receptor in human restenosis arteries with VSMC-rich neointima is eventually upregulated. Specific deletion of IFN-γ receptor exhibits thinner intima and lesser proliferating VSMCs. In vitro, treatment with IFN-γ promotes human aortic VSMC (HAVSMCs) proliferation and migration, whereas specifically knock out IFN-γ receptor results in the opposite effect. Deficiency of IFN-γ receptor regulates VSMCs phenotypic switching, such as upregulated contractile markers and downregulated proliferation markers. Mechanistic studies suggest that ablation of IFN-γ receptor prevents VSMCs proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation via STAT1-KLF4 activation. CONCLUSION These results reveal that knockout of VSMC-derived IFN-γ receptor potentiates neointimal hyperplasia by preventing VSMCs proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation. Our finding implies that targeting IFN-γ-STAT1-KLF4 signaling could provide a new therapeutic strategy to attenuate vessel restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang X, Xu D, Sun G, Jiang Z, Tian J, Shan Q. Effects of high-intensity interval training in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1424-1435. [PMID: 33528117 PMCID: PMC8046134 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was superior to low-intensity training or usual care among patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. The hypothesis was that HIIT would help patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improve cardiopulmonary function, lipid profiles and in-stent restenosis. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA)2009 Checklist. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on HIIT programme in patients after PCI were searched in Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, EMbase, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and SinoMed from the inception to 24 March 2020. Standard Mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to summarize the effect sizes. RESULTS Six RCTs (247 patients) met the criteria. HIIT programme had a statistically significant effect on raising left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) (SMD = 0.38, 95%CI [0.03, 0.73], I2 = 3%), VO2peak (SMD = 0.94, 95%CI [0.61, 1.28], I2 = 0%), as well as improving the serum level of high-density lipoprotein (SMD = 0.55, 95%CI [0.06, 1.03], I2 = 0%) and late luminal loss (SMD = -0.65, 95%CI [-1.07, -0.23], I2 = 0%). But HIIT had no prominent effect on improving heart rate (SMD = -0.04, 95%CI [-0.29, 0.21], I2 = 0%). Summarily, HIIT programme appears to be favourable for CAD patients after PCI by improving cardiopulmonary function, such as LVEF and VO2peak , as well as reducing late luminal loss in per stented arteries. Nevertheless, HIIT has no advantage for adjusting heart rate. More researches with rigorous methods are warranted to explore the controversy about lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guozhen Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinping Tian
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qijun Shan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Rykowska I, Nowak I, Nowak R. Drug-Eluting Stents and Balloons-Materials, Structure Designs, and Coating Techniques: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E4624. [PMID: 33050663 PMCID: PMC7594099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery is a matter of interest to numerous scientists from various domains, as well as an essential issue for society as a whole. In the treatment of many diseases, it is crucial to control the dosing of a drug for a long time and thus maintain its optimal concentration in the tissue. Heart diseases are particularly important in this aspect. One such disease is an obstructive arterial disease affecting millions of people around the world. In recent years, stents and balloon catheters have reached a significant position in the treatment of this condition. Balloon catheters are also successfully used to manage tear ducts, paranasal sinuses, or salivary glands disorders. Modern technology is continually striving to improve the results of previous generations of stents and balloon catheters by refining their design, structure, and constituent materials. These advances result in the development of both successive models of drug-eluting stents (DES) and drug-eluting balloons (DEB). This paper presents milestones in the development of DES and DEB, which are a significant option in the treatment of coronary artery diseases. This report reviews the works related to achievements in construction designs and materials, as well as preparation technologies, of DES and DEB. Special attention was paid to the polymeric biodegradable materials used in the production of the above-mentioned devices. Information was also collected on the various methods of producing drug release coatings and their effectiveness in releasing the active substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Rykowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - I. Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - R. Nowak
- Eye Department, J. Strus City Hospital, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland;
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Li T, Zhang R, Liu Y, Yao Y, Guo J, Zeng Z. Fufang-Zhenzhu-Tiaozhi capsule ameliorates rabbit's iliac artery restenosis by regulating adiponectin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110311. [PMID: 32502838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fufang-Zhenzhu-Tiaozhi Capsule (FTZ), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown obvious effects on the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FTZ can ameliorate rabbit iliac artery restenosis after angioplasty by regulating adiponectin signaling pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The rabbit iliac artery restenosis model was established through percutaneous iliac artery transluminal balloon angioplasty and a high-fat diet. Twenty eight male New Zealand rabbits (8-week-old) were divided into sham operation group (Group Ⅰ), model group (Group Ⅱ), atorvastatin group (Group Ⅲ) and FTZ group (Group Ⅳ), with 7 rabbits in each group. Vascular stenosis was analyzed with Digital Subtraction Angiography. Level of adiponectin (APN), and inflammatory factor including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; and injured iliac artery was collected for Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Western Blotting detection of expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), adenosine 5'-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Besides, we evaluated FTZ's safety for the first time. KEY RESULTS Percutaneous iliac artery transluminal balloon angioplasty and high-fat diet result in inflammatory response and restenosis. Compared with Group Ⅱ, iliac artery restenosis was significantly ameliorated in Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05). Treated with FTZ, serum lipids were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while the level of APN was elevated significantly (P < 0.01). Western blotting detection of the injured iliac artery showed that the expressions of PPAR-α, AMPK and p-AMPK were significantly increased in Group Ⅳ (P < 0.01) than that in Group Ⅱ. Besides, before and after taking drugs, liver and kidney function indicators, creatine kinase, as well as measurement of echocardiography were of no statistical difference in four groups(P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FTZ could effectively reduce serum lipids and ameliorate rabbit's iliac artery restenosis after angioplasty, and its mechanism may be related to activation of APN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Rendan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yusi Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Zhihuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China.
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Abstract
Recently, breakthroughs have been made in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat various diseases. Several stem cell types have been authorized as drugs by the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Chinese official document “Notification of the management of stem cell clinical research (trial)” was also published in August 2015. Currently, China has approved 106 official stem cell clinical research filing agencies and 62 clinical research projects, which are mostly focused on MSC therapy. Hence, the optimization and development of stem cell drugs is imperative. During this process, maximizing MSC expansion, minimizing cell loss during MSC transplantation, improving the homing rate, precisely regulating the differentiation of MSCs, and reducing MSC senescence and apoptosis are major issues in MSC preclinical research. Similar to artemisinin extracted from the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua, ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from the root or stem of ginseng. In the human body, Rg1 regulates organ function, which is inseparable from its regulation of adult stem cells. Rg1 treatment may effectively regulate the proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis of MSCs in different microenvironments in vitro or in vivo. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the effect of Rg1 on MSCs and describe the issues that must be addressed and prospects regarding Rg1 regulation of MSCs in preclinical or clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Huilin Jia
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lin SL, Yeh JL, Tsai PC, Chang TH, Huang WC, Lee ST, Wassler M, Geng YJ, Sulistyowati E. Inhibition of Neointima Hyperplasia, Inflammation, and Reactive Oxygen Species in Balloon-Injured Arteries by HVJ Envelope Vector-Mediated Delivery of Superoxide Dismutase Gene. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:413-427. [PMID: 30191468 PMCID: PMC6647364 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) has been implicated in regulation of vascular function but its underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. These two-step experiments investigate whether hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) vector-mediated EC-SOD gene delivery might protect against neointima formation, vascular inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and also explore cell growth signaling pathways. The first in-vitro experiment was performed to assess the transfection efficacy and safety of HVJ-E compared to lipofectamine®. Results revealed that HVJ-E has higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than those of lipofectamine®. Another in-vivo study initially used balloon denudation to rat carotid artery, then delivered EC-SOD cDNA through the vector of HVJ-E. Arterial section with H&E staining from the animals 14 days after balloon injury showed a significant reduction of intima-to-media area ratio in EC-SOD transfected arteries when compared with control (empty vector-transfected arteries) (p < 0.05). Arterial tissue with EC-SOD gene delivery also exhibited lower levels of ROS, as assessed by fluorescent microphotography with dihydroethidium staining. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that EC-SOD gene delivery significantly diminished mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.05 in all comparisons). An immunoblotting assay from vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cultures showed that the EC-SOD transfected group attenuated the activation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and Akt signaling significantly. In conclusion, EC-SOD overexpression by HVJ-E vector inhibits neointima hyperplasia, inflammation, and ROS level triggered by balloon injury. The modulation of cell growth-signaling pathways by EC-SOD in VSMCs might play an important role in these inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoa-Lin Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, Yuan's General Hospital, 162, Cheng-Kung First Road, Lingya District, Kaohsiung, 80249, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chia Tsai
- Intensive Care Unit, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Intensive Care Unit, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Song-Tay Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Wassler
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erna Sulistyowati
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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11
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Hou R, Wu L, Wang J, Yang Z, Tu Q, Zhang X, Huang N. Surface-Degradable Drug-Eluting Stent with Anticoagulation, Antiproliferation, and Endothelialization Functions. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020069. [PMID: 30781704 PMCID: PMC6406385 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been widely applied for saving the life of patients with coronary artery diseases (CADs). However, conventional polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), which are widely applied for drug-eluting stents studies, have serious bulk erosion problems, like high local acidity and poor mechanical properties. Instead, we chose surface erosion polymer poly (1, 3-trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) as a drug carrier in this study. Here, we fabricated and characterized a novel durable-polymer drug-eluting 316 L stainless steel (SS) stent, in which the inner surface was coated with a Ti–O film using the magnetron sputtering method to promote the growth of endothelial cells (ECs). On the outer layer of the stent, first, a Ti–O film was deposited and, then, on top of it a rapamycin-loaded PTMC coat was deposited using the ultrasonic atomization spray method. This dual coating inhibited the migration and expansion of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The drug coating also inhibited the adhesion/activation of platelets. In tests on dogs, it was found the novel stent promoted re-endothelialization and reduced restenosis, in contrast to the plain SS stent. Thus, the novel stent may have promise for use in treating patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Hou
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Leigang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Qiufen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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12
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Borhani S, Hassanajili S, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Rabbani S. Cardiovascular stents: overview, evolution, and next generation. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:175-205. [PMID: 30203125 PMCID: PMC6173682 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to bare-metal stents (BMSs), drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been regarded as a revolutionary change in coronary artery diseases (CADs). Releasing pharmaceutical agents from the stent surface was a promising progress in the realm of cardiovascular stents. Despite supreme advantages over BMSs, in-stent restenosis (ISR) and long-term safety of DESs are still deemed ongoing concerns over clinically application of DESs. The failure of DESs for long-term clinical use is associated with following factors including permanent polymeric coating materials, metallic stent platforms, non-optimal drug releasing condition, and factors that have recently been supposed as contributory factors such as degradation products of polymers, metal ions due to erosion and degradation of metals and their alloys utilizing in some stents as metal frameworks. Discovering the direct relation between stent materials and associating adverse effects is a complicated process, and yet it has not been resolved. For clinical success it is of significant importance to optimize DES design and explore novel strategies to overcome all problems including inflammatory response, delay endothelialization, and sub-acute stent thrombosis (ST) simultaneously. In this work, scientific reports are reviewed particularly focusing on recent advancements in DES design which covers both potential improvements of existing and recently novel prototype stent fabrications. Covering a wide range of information from the BMSs to recent advancement, this study mostly sheds light on DES's concepts, namely stent composition, drug release mechanism, and coating techniques. This review further reports different forms of DES including fully biodegradable DESs, shape-memory ones, and polymer-free DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Borhani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shadi Hassanajili
- Department of Nanochemical Engineering, School of New Science and Technology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Kong J, Wang F, Zhang J, Cui Y, Pan L, Zhang W, Wen J, Liu P. Exosomes of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Inhibit Neointima Formation After Carotid Artery Injury. J Surg Res 2018; 232:398-407. [PMID: 30463748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes released from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a protective role in various disease models. Both endothelial cell (EC) damage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are involved in the pathological process of restenosis after angioplasty and stenting. Few studies have focused on the therapeutic role of exosomes in EC damage and SMC proliferation. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of exosomes released by human fetal aorta-derived EPCs on the rat carotid artery balloon injury model in vivo. We also sought to determine the effect of exosomes on both ECs and SMCs in vitro. METHODS Exosomes (Exo group) or saline (Con group) were injected in rat carotid balloon injury model animals. The rats were sacrificed after 2, 4, 14, and 28 d, and injured carotid specimens were collected for Evans blue staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS When the Con group and the Exo group were compared, the reendothelialized areas were not significantly different after 2 or 4 d, as shown by Evans blue staining. The hematoxylin-eosin results showed that the intimal to medial area ratio was slightly but not significantly higher in the Exo group after 2 and 4 d. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the proliferation of SMCs was slightly higher in the Exo group after 2 and 4 d, but the difference was not significant. The reendothelialization area of the Con group was significantly smaller than that of the Exo group at day 14. Both the intimal to medial area ratio and SMC proliferation in the Exo group were significantly smaller than those of the Con group at 14 or 28 d. In the in vitro study, exosome treatment significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of both ECs and SMCs. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes derived from EPCs could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after carotid artery injury in rats. The protective effect of exosomes may manifest through the promotion of EC repair rather than direct suppression of proliferation and migration of smooth muscles cells.
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14
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Hu T, Lin S, Du R, Fu M, Rao Q, Yin T, Huang Y, Wang G. Design, preparation and performance of a novel drug-eluting stent with multiple layer coatings. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1845-1857. [PMID: 28676873 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DESs) can effectively control the harmful effects of coronary artery disease, because of their excellent ability to reduce in-stent restenosis. However, delayed re-endothelialization and late stent thrombosis have caused concern over the safety of DESs. In this study, according to time-ordered pathological responses after stent implantation, a hierarchical multiple drug-eluting stent was designed and prepared to overcome the existing DES limitations. A platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa monoclonal antibody (SZ-21) and a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF121) were loaded into the inner coating of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) stents to inhibit thrombosis and promote re-endothelialization; rapamycin (RAPA) was loaded into the third layer to inhibit intima hyperplasia; a drug-free poly-l-lactic acid coating was located on the second and fourth layers and used as sustained release layers. The results showed that the three drugs exhibited sequential release kinetics without significant burst release. RAPA released quickly at the early stage, while SZ-21 and VEGF121 achieved a slow and prolonged release. In vitro experiments showed that the stents had excellent hemocompatibility and anti-inflammatory properties, and promoted the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells while inhibiting the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. Finally the stents were implanted in the carotid arteries of New Zealand white rabbits. In vivo results showed that compared to 316L SS stents, the multiple drug-eluting stents could accelerate re-endothelialization and inhibit thrombosis, inflammation and in-stent restenosis after 4 weeks (12.79 ± 2.45% vs. 25.27 ± 4.81%) and 12 weeks (15.87 ± 3.62% vs. 58.84 ± 6.87%). These results indicate that the novel drug-eluting stent with multiple layer coatings will have a highly potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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15
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Li J, Ban Y, Mao G, Zhang M, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhao B, Shen Q, Xu Q, Wang N. Inhibition of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2B Reduced Vascular Restenosis and Mitigated the β-Arrestin2-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/p70S6K Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e006810. [PMID: 29382665 PMCID: PMC5850233 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a monoamine neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or serotonin modulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Besides, 5-HT also has important peripheral functions. 5-HT receptor 2B (5-HT2BR) plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiac valve disease. Percutaneous intervention has been used to restore blood flow in occlusive vascular disease. However, restenosis remains a significant problem. Herein, we investigated the role of 5-HT2BR in neointimal hyperplasia, a key pathological process in restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of 5-HT2BR was upregulated in wire-injured mouse femoral arteries. In addition, BW723C86, a selective 5-HT2BR agonist, promoted the injury response during restenosis. 5-HT and BW723C86 stimulated migration and proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Conversely, LY272015, a selective antagonist, attenuated the 5-HT-induced smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. In vitro study showed that the promigratory effects of 5-HT2BR were mediated through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K signaling in a β-arrestin2-dependent manner. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin or p70S6K mitigated 5-HT2BR-mediated smooth muscle cell migration. Mice with deficiency of 5-HT2BR showed significantly reduced neointimal formation in wire-injured arteries. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that activation of 5-HT2BR and β-arrestin2-biased downstream signaling are key pathological processes in neointimal formation, and 5-HT2BR may be a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of vascular restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/enzymology
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Organic Chemicals/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Vascular System Injuries/drug therapy
- Vascular System Injuries/enzymology
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
- beta-Arrestin 2/genetics
- beta-Arrestin 2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqian Ban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guangmei Mao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Beilei Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London King's British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nanping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Kanshana JS, Khanna V, Singh V, Jain M, Misra A, Kumar S, Farooqui M, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Progression and Characterization of the Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Iliac Artery of New Zealand White Rabbits: Effect of Simvastatin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 69:314-25. [PMID: 28207427 DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although atherosclerosis is described in New Zealand White rabbit's iliac artery, yet details of time-dependent atherosclerosis progression are not well known. Further, a well characterized accelerated model of atherosclerosis is also required for the screening of candidate drugs to target specific steps of atherosclerosis development. The present study extensively characterizes the time-dependent plaque composition and functional responses of the atherosclerosis in rabbit iliac artery and its modification by simvastatin. METHODS Atherosclerosis was induced with a combination of balloon injury and atherogenic diet (AD) (1% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil) in rabbit's iliac artery. Atherosclerosis progression was evaluated on days 8, 10, 15, 21, 35, and 56 after AD feeding. The plaque characterization was done using histology, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and vasoreactivity experiments. The standard anti-hyperlipidemic drug, simvastatin (5 mg·kg·d), was used to investigate its effect on atherosclerotic changes. RESULTS Plasma lipids were elevated in a progressive manner after AD feeding from days 8 to 56. Similarly, arterial lipids, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) level along with infiltration of macrophages in the lesion area were also increased from day 15 onward. This resulted in a significant increase in the plaque area and intimal-medial thickness ratio in contrast to normal animals. Inflammatory milieu was observed with a significant increase in expression of pro-inflammatory regulators like MCP-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 decreased as disease progressed. Endothelial dysfunction was also observed, specifically Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation was reduced from day 8 onward, whereas the phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction response was progressively reduced from day 15 in the iliac artery. Ground substances including proteoglycans, α-actin, and collagen content along with metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) inhibitors were significantly augmented at later time points, day 21 onward. Simvastatin treatment for 35 days, at a dose having no significant effect on plasma lipid levels, significantly reduced atherosclerotic progression as evident by reduced macrophage content, inflammatory burden, and extracellular matrix component like proteoglycans and metalloproteinase-9. CONCLUSIONS The authors observed that AD feeding with balloon injury in the rabbit iliac artery accelerated the progression of atherosclerosis and exhibited predominant features of type III human lesion within 8 weeks (56 days). Simvastatin treatment for 35 days exhibited anti-atherosclerotic efficacy without significantly lowering the circulating lipids. The current study thus provides an insight into the time-dependent atherosclerotic progression in rabbit iliac artery and highlights its utility for anti-atherosclerotic evaluation of the candidate drugs.
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17
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Han Y, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Li W, Geng M, Han Z, Chen X. The anti-proliferative effects of oleanolic acid on A7r5 cells-Role of UCP2 and downstream FGF-2/p53/TSP-1. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1296-1306. [PMID: 28792088 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a major contributor to atherosclerosis. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of oleanolic acid (OA) against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced VSMC proliferation in A7r5 cells and explored underlying molecular mechanism. The cell proliferation was quantified with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), in which ox-LDL significantly increased A7r5 cells proliferation, while OA pretreatment effectively alleviated such changes without inducing overt cytotoxicity, as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting revealed increased UCP2 and FGF-2 expression levels as well as decreased p53 and TSP-1 expression levels in A7r5 cells following ox-LDL exposure, while OA pretreatment reversed such changes. Furthermore, inhibiting UCP2 with genipin remarkably reversed the changes in the expression levels of FGF-2, p53, and TSP-1 induced by ox-LDL exposure; silencing FGF-2 with siRNA did not significantly change the expression levels of UCP2 but effectively reversed the changes in the expression levels of p53 and TSP-1, and activation of p53 with PRIMA-1 only significantly affected the changes in the expression levels of TSP-1, but not in UCP2 or FGF-2, suggesting a UCP-2/FGF-2/p53/TSP-1 signaling in A7r5 cells response to ox-LDL exposure. Additionally, co-treatment of OA and genipin exhibited similar effects to the expression levels of UCP2, FGF-2, p53, and TSP-1 as OA or genipin solo treatment in ox-LDL-exposed A7r5 cells, suggesting the involvement of UCP-2/FGF-2/p53/TSP-1 in the mechanism of OA. In conclusion, OA inhibits ox-LDL-induced VSMC proliferation in A7r5 cells, the mechanism involves the changes in UCP-2/FGF-2/p53/TSP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Han
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Min Geng
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiansu Road, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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18
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Guo J, Pereira TJ, Dalvi P, Yeung LSN, Swain N, Breen DM, Lam L, Dolinsky VW, Giacca A. High-dose metformin (420mg/kg daily p.o.) increases insulin sensitivity but does not affect neointimal thickness in the rat carotid balloon injury model of restenosis. Metabolism 2017; 68:108-118. [PMID: 28183442 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our laboratory has shown that insulin's effect to decrease neointimal thickness after arterial injury is greatly diminished in insulin resistant conditions. Thus, in these conditions, a better alternative to insulin could be to use an insulin sensitizing agent. Metformin, the most commonly prescribed insulin sensitizer, has a cardiovascular protective role. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of metformin on neointimal area after arterial injury in a rat model of restenosis. METHODS Rats fed with either normal or high fat diet and treated with or without oral metformin (420mg/kg daily) underwent carotid balloon injury. Effects of metformin on clamp-determined insulin sensitivity, vessel AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation (activation marker) and neointimal area were evaluated. RESULTS Metformin increased insulin sensitivity, but did not affect neointimal thickness in either the normal fat or high fat diet-fed rats. Furthermore, metformin activated AMPK in uninjured but not in injured vessels. Similarly, 10mmol/L metformin inhibited proliferation and activated AMPK in smooth muscle cells of uninjured but not injured vessels, whereas 2mmol/L metformin did not have any effect. CONCLUSION In rats, metformin does not decrease neointimal growth after arterial injury, despite increasing whole body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Guo
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Troy J Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Prasad Dalvi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Lucy Shu Nga Yeung
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Nathan Swain
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Danna M Breen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Loretta Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
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19
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Tang L, Pei H, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang T, Gao E, Li D, Yang Y, Yang D. The inhibition of calpains ameliorates vascular restenosis through MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29975. [PMID: 27453531 DOI: 10.1038/srep29975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Restenosis limits the efficacy of vascular percutaneous intervention, in which vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and activation of inflammation are two primary causal factors. Calpains influence VSMC proliferation and collagen synthesis. However, the roles of calpastatin and calpains in vascular restenosis remain unclear. Here, restenosis was induced by ligating the left carotid artery, and VSMCs were pretreated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Adenovirus vector carrying MMP2 sequence and specific small interfering RNA against calpain-1/2 were introduced. Finally, restenosis enhanced the expression of calpain-1/2, but reduced calpastatin content. In calpastatin transgenic mice, lumen narrowing was attenuated gradually and peaked on days 14-21. Cell proliferation and migration as well as collagen synthesis were inhibited in transgenic mice, and expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Consistently, in VSMCs pretreated with PDGF-BB, calpastatin induction and calpains inhibition suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and collagen synthesis, and reduced expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/TGF-β1. Moreover, simvastatin improved restenosis indicators by suppressing the HIF-1α/calpains/MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. However, MMP2 supplementation eliminated the vascular protection of calpastatin induction and simvastatin. Collectively, calpains inhibition plays crucial roles in vascular restenosis by preventing neointimal hyperplasia at the early stage via suppression of the MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway.
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20
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Ozdol C, Turhan S, Tulunay C, Altin AT, Atmaca Y, Candemir B, Erol C. Association between Proliferative Scars and In-Stent Restenosis. J Cutan Med Surg 2016; 11:206-10. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2007.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Keloid and hypertrophic scars are two types of proliferative scars at sites of cutaneous injury that form as a result of an abnormal wound-healing process. Proliferative scar formation after skin injury and restenosis after coronary stenting have common features. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of proliferative scars with coronary stent restenosis. Methods: Patients with previous open heart surgery with median sternotomy who had coronary stenting after the surgery and were admitted for control angiography were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of proliferative scars. The primary end point was the incidence of angiographic restenosis in patient groups. Results: The study group consisted of 80 patients (64 men; mean age 64 ± 9 years). Twenty-three patients (29%) have a proliferative scar. In general, two groups were comparable with regard to baseline lipid profiles, demographics, and cardiovascular risk factors. Restenosis was significantly more prevalent in patients with proliferative scars than with controls ( p = .04). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, stent length (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, p = .005), diabetes (OR 3.3, p = .03), and proliferative scar (OR 4.2, p = .02) independently predicted in-stent restenosis. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that patients with proliferative scars may have a higher risk of in-stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagdas Ozdol
- From the Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Turhan
- From the Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansin Tulunay
- From the Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Timucin Altin
- From the Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Atmaca
- From the Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Candemir
- From the Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cetin Erol
- From the Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Wang C, Wen J, Zhou Y, Li L, Cui X, Wang J, Pan L, Ye Z, Liu P, Wu L. Apelin induces vascular smooth muscle cells migration via a PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a/MMP-2 pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:173-82. [PMID: 26494002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an adipokine that has a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis, which may offer potential for therapy. Because migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis, understanding its effect on the atherosclerotic vasculature is needed. Here we investigated the effect of apelin on VSMC migration and the possible signaling mechanism. In cultured rat VSMCs, apelin dose- and time-dependently promoted VSMC migration. Apelin increased the phosphorylation of Akt, whereas LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and an Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor blocked the apelin-induced VSMC migration. Apelin dose-dependently induced phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and promoted its translocation from the nucleus to cytoplasm, which were blocked by LY294002 and Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, apelin increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) expression and gelatinolytic activity. Overexpression of a constitutively active, phosphorylation-resistant mutant, TM-FoxO3a, in VSMCs abrogated the effect of apelin on MMP-2 expression and VSMC migration. ARP101, an inhibitor of MMP-2, suppressed apelin-induced VSMC migration. Moreover, the levels of apelin, phosphorylated Akt, FoxO3a, and MMP-2 were higher in human carotid-artery atherosclerotic plaque than in adjacent normal vessels. We demonstrate that PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling may be involved in apelin inducing VSMC migration. Phosphorylation of FoxO3a plays a central role in mediating the apelin-induced MMP-2 activation and VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianyan Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhidong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
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22
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Kubo M, Miyoshi T, Oe H, Ohno Y, Nakamura K, Ito H. Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of drug-eluting stents. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:102. [PMID: 26399321 PMCID: PMC4580289 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial function is a prognostic predictor in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, in an era with widespread use of drug-eluting stents, the clinical relevance of endothelial dysfunction on restenosis in patients undergoing PCI has not been fully evaluated. Methods This study included 80 patients with stable angina pectoris. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was examined 1 week after PCI. Patients were retrospectively followed-up for an average of 21 months after PCI. The primary endpoints included cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and critical limb ischemia. Results A drug-eluting stent was used in 58 patients and a cardiovascular event was recorded in 34 patients during follow-up. The incidence of all cardiovascular diseases was significantly greater in the low FMD (median FMD <4.2 %) than the high FMD (median FMD ≥4.2 %) group (60 % vs. 25 %, p <0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of coronary revascularization was significantly higher in the low than the high FMD group (p = 0.02), while the incidence of in-stent restenosis did not differ between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that low FMD was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 2.77, 95 % confidence interval: 1.23 to 6.19, p = 0.01). Conclusions Impaired brachial artery FMD independently predicts long-term cardiovascular events after PCI in the era of drug-eluting stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Oe
- Center of Ultrasonography, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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23
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Lim S, Lee KS, Lee JE, Park HS, Kim KM, Moon JH, Choi SH, Park KS, Kim YB, Jang HC. Effect of a new PPAR-gamma agonist, lobeglitazone, on neointimal formation after balloon injury in rats and the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:107-19. [PMID: 26363808 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ligand-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key factor in adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and cell cycle regulation. Activated PPARγ might also have anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties. We tested whether lobeglitazone, a new PPARγ agonist, might protect against atherosclerosis. METHODS A rat model of balloon injury to the carotid artery, and high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-fed apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice were studied. RESULTS After the balloon injury, lobeglitazone treatment (0.3 and 0.9 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in the intima-media ratio compared with control rats (2.2 ± 0.9, 1.8 ± 0.8, vs. 3.3 ± 1.2, P < 0.01). Consistent with this, in ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet, lobeglitazone treatment (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks reduced atherosclerotic lesion sizes in the aorta compared with the control mice in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with lobeglitazone inhibited proliferation and migration and blocked the cell cycle G0/G1 to S phase progression dose-dependently. In response to lobeglitazone, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion was decreased by downregulating the levels of adhesion molecules. TNFα-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 translocation into the nucleus was also blocked in endothelial cells. Insulin resistance was decreased by lobeglitazone treatment. Circulating levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were decreased while adiponectin levels were increased by lobeglitazone in the high-fat diet-fed ApoE(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Lobeglitazone has antiatherosclerotic properties and has potential for treating patients with diabetes and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Kuy-Sook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Jie Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Young Bum Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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24
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Yao W, Sun Q, Huang L, Meng G, Wang H, Jing X, Zhang W. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside inhibits TNF-α-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via suppression of vimentin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:155-160. [PMID: 26583578 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration triggered by TNF-α is an important event that occurs during the development of atherosclerosis. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) has been proven to exhibit significant anti-atherosclerotic activity. Herein we investigate the inhibitory effect of TSG on TNF-α-induced VSMC migration and explore the underlying mechanisms. TSG pretreatment markedly inhibited TNF-α-induced cell migration. The inhibition of vimentin redistribution and expression was involved in the inhibitory effect of TSG on VSMC migration. The suppression of vimentin expression by shRNA in VSMCs significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced cell migration. Furthermore, TSG inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of TGFβ1 and TGFβR1, and phosphorylation of TGFβR1 and Smad2/3. TSG also suppressed the nuclear translocation of Smad4 induced by TNF-α. These results suggest that TSG inhibits VSMC migration induced by TNF-α through inhibiting vimentin rearrangement and expression. The interruption of TGFβ/Smad pathway appears to be responsible for the suppression of TSG on vimentin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Qinju Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
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25
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Borges BE, Appel MH, Cofré AR, Prado ML, Steclan CA, Esnard F, Zanata SM, Laurindo FR, Nakao LS. The flavo-oxidase QSOX1 supports vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation: Evidence for a role in neointima growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1334-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Chen YC, Wen ZH, Lee YH, Chen CL, Hung HC, Chen CH, Chen WF, Tsai MC. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells through inhibition of the cell cycle. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2390-406. [PMID: 25898413 PMCID: PMC4413217 DOI: 10.3390/md13042390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol is the synthetic precursor of austrasulfone, which is a marine natural product, isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella australis. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor and anti-atherogenic properties. Although dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol has been shown to inhibit neointima formation, its effect on human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has not been elucidated. We examined the effects and the mechanisms of action of dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol on proliferation, migration and phenotypic modulation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol significantly inhibited proliferation, DNA synthesis and migration of HASMCs, without inducing cell death. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol also inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2, CDK4, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. In addition, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol inhibited PDGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), whereas it had no effect on the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/(Akt). Moreover, treatment with PD98059, a highly selective ERK inhibitor, blocked PDGF-induced upregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and downregulation of p27kip1. Furthermore, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol also inhibits VSMC synthetic phenotype formation induced by PDGF. For in vivo studies, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation in a rat model of restenosis induced by balloon injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol noticeably decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and altered VSMC phenotype from a synthetic to contractile state. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the vasoprotective actions of dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol and suggest that it may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular occlusive disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Aorta/cytology
- Butanones/administration & dosage
- Butanones/pharmacology
- Butanones/therapeutic use
- Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use
- Carotid Artery Injuries/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Injuries/immunology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, Common/immunology
- Carotid Artery, Common/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sulfones/administration & dosage
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Sulfones/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hsien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11042, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Lun Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Chun Hung
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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27
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Takayama T, Shi X, Wang B, Franco S, Zhou Y, DiRenzo D, Kent A, Hartig P, Zent J, Guo LW. A murine model of arterial restenosis: technical aspects of femoral wire injury. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 25867187 DOI: 10.3791/52561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to atherosclerotic plaque development or the rupturing of established plaques, interrupts normal blood flow leading to various morbidities such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In the clinic endovascular procedures such as angioplasty are commonly performed to reopen the lumen. However, these treatments inevitably damage the vessel wall as well as the vascular endothelium, triggering an excessive healing response and the development of a neointimal plaque that extends into the lumen causing vessel restenosis (re-narrowing). Restenosis remains a major cause of failure of endovascular treatments for atherosclerosis. Thus, preclinical animal models of restenosis are vitally important for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as translational approaches to vascular interventions. Among several murine experimental models, femoral artery wire injury is widely accepted as the most suitable for studies of post-angioplasty restenosis because it closely resembles the angioplasty procedure that injures both endothelium and vessel wall. However, many researchers have difficulty utilizing this model due to its high degree of technical difficulty. This is primarily because a metal wire needs to be inserted into the femoral artery, which is approximately three times thinner than the wire, to generate sufficient injury to induce prominent neointima. Here, we describe the essential surgical details to effectively overcome the major technical difficulties of this model. By following the presented procedures, performing the mouse femoral artery wire injury becomes easier. Once familiarized, the whole procedure can be completed within 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Takayama
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Sarah Franco
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Daniel DiRenzo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Alycia Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Peter Hartig
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Joshua Zent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health;
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28
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Arsiwala A, Desai P, Patravale V. Recent advances in micro/nanoscale biomedical implants. J Control Release 2014; 189:25-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Granada JF, Stenoien M, Buszman PP, Tellez A, Langanki D, Kaluza GL, Leon MB, Gray W, Jaff MR, Schwartz RS. Mechanisms of tissue uptake and retention of paclitaxel-coated balloons: impact on neointimal proliferation and healing. Open Heart 2014; 1:e000117. [PMID: 25332821 PMCID: PMC4189287 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCB) for restenosis prevention has been demonstrated in humans. However, the mechanism of action for sustained drug retention and biological efficacy following single-time drug delivery is still unknown. Methods and results The pharmacokinetic profile and differences in drug concentration (vessel surface vs arterial wall) of two different paclitaxel coating formulations (3 µg/mm2) displaying opposite solubility characteristics (CC=crystalline vs AC=amorphous) were tested in vivo and compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES). Also, the biological effect of both PCB formulations on vascular healing was tested in the porcine coronary injury model. One hour following balloon inflation, both formulations achieved similar arterial paclitaxel levels (CC=310 vs AC=245 ng/mg; p=NS). At 24 h, the CC maintained similar tissue concentrations, whereas the AC tissue levels declined by 99% (p<0.01). At this time point, arterial levels were 20-fold (CC) and 5-fold (AC) times higher compared to the PES group (p<0.05). At 28 days, arterial levels retained were 9.2% (CC) and 0.04% (AC, p<0.01) of the baseline levels. Paclitaxel concentration on the vessel surface was higher in the CC at 1 (CC=36.7% vs AC=13.1%, p<0.05) and 7 days (CC=38.4% vs AC=11%, p<0.05). In addition, the CC induced higher levels of neointimal inhibition, fibrin deposition and delayed healing compared with the AC group. Conclusions The presence of paclitaxel deposits on the vessel surface driving diffusion into the arterial tissue in a time-dependent fashion supports the mechanism of action of PCB. This specific pharmacokinetic behaviour influences the patterns of neointimal formation and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Granada
- Skirball Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Research Foundation , Orangeburg, New York , USA
| | - Mark Stenoien
- MEDRAD Interventional , Indianola, Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Piotr P Buszman
- Skirball Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Research Foundation , Orangeburg, New York , USA
| | - Armando Tellez
- Skirball Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Research Foundation , Orangeburg, New York , USA
| | - Dan Langanki
- MEDRAD Interventional , Indianola, Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Greg L Kaluza
- Skirball Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Research Foundation , Orangeburg, New York , USA
| | - Martin B Leon
- Columbia University Medical Center, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York , USA
| | - William Gray
- Columbia University Medical Center, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York , USA
| | - Michael R Jaff
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Robert S Schwartz
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA
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Shi X, Guo LW, Seedial SM, Si Y, Wang B, Takayama T, Suwanabol PA, Ghosh S, DiRenzo D, Liu B, Kent KC. TGF-β/Smad3 inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis through an autocrine signaling mechanism involving VEGF-A. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1317. [PMID: 25010983 PMCID: PMC4123076 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that in the presence of elevated Smad3, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transforms from an inhibitor to a stimulant of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and intimal hyperplasia (IH). Here we identify a novel mechanism through which TGF-β/Smad3 also exacerbates IH by inhibiting SMC apoptosis. We found that TGF-β treatment led to inhibition of apoptosis in rat SMCs following viral expression of Smad3. Conditioned media from these cells when applied to naive SMCs recapitulated this effect, suggesting an autocrine pathway through a secreted factor. Gene array of TGF-β/Smad3-treated cells revealed enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a known inhibitor of endothelial cell apoptosis. We then evaluated whether VEGF is the secreted mediator responsible for TGF-β/Smad3 inhibition of SMC apoptosis. In TGF-β/Smad3-treated cells, VEGF mRNA and protein as well as VEGF secretion were increased. Moreover, recombinant VEGF-A inhibited SMC apoptosis and a VEGF-A-neutralizing antibody reversed the inhibitory effect of conditioned media on SMC apoptosis. Stimulation of SMCs with TGF-β led to the formation of a complex of Smad3 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) that in turn activated the VEGF-A promoter and transcription. In rat carotid arteries following arterial injury, Smad3 and VEGF-A expression were upregulated. Moreover, Smad3 gene transfer further enhanced VEGF expression as well as inhibited SMC apoptosis. Finally, blocking either the VEGF receptor or Smad3 signaling in injured carotid arteries abrogated the inhibitory effect of Smad3 on vascular SMC apoptosis. Taken together, our study reveals that following angioplasty, elevation of both TGF-β and Smad3 leads to SMC secretion of VEGF-A that functions as an autocrine inhibitor of SMC apoptosis. This novel pathway provides further insights into the role of TGF-β in the development of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - L-W Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - S M Seedial
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Y Si
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - B Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - T Takayama
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - P A Suwanabol
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - D DiRenzo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - B Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - K C Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Ojima A, Oda E, Higashimoto Y, Matsui T, Yamagishi SI. DNA aptamer raised against advanced glycation end products inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171:443-6. [PMID: 24439773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptor (RAGE) interaction elicit inflammatory and proliferative reactions in arteries, thus playing a role in cardiovascular disease. We have recently found that high-affinity DNA aptamer directed against AGE (AGE-aptamer) prevents the progression of experimental diabetic nephropathy by blocking the harmful actions of AGEs in the kidney. However, effects of AGE-aptamer on vascular injury remain unknown. In this study, we examined whether and how AGE-aptamer inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. METHODS Male Wistar rats (weighting ca. 400 g at 11 weeks old) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The left common carotid artery was balloon-injured 3 times with 2F Fogaty catheter inserted through the femoral artery. Then the rats received continuous intraperitoneal infusion (3 μg/day) of either AGE-aptamer or control-aptamer by an osmotic mini pump for 2 weeks. 14 days after the procedure, the left common carotid arteries were excised for morphometric, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. RESULTS Compared with control-aptamer, AGE-aptamer significantly suppressed neointima formation after balloon injury and reduced AGE accumulation, oxidative stress generation, proliferation cell nuclear antigen-positive area, macrophage infiltration, RAGE and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) expression levels in balloon-injured carotid arteries. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that AGE-aptamer could prevent balloon injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia by reducing PDGF-BB and macrophage infiltration via suppression of the AGE-RAGE-mediated oxidative stress generation. AGE-aptamer might be a novel therapeutic strategy for suppressing neointima formation after balloon angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ojima
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Eriko Oda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention is a revolutionary treatment for ischemic heart disease, but in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a clinical challenge. Inflammation, smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial function impairment, and local thrombosis have been identified as the main mechanisms for ISR. Considering the multifactorial mechanisms of ISR, a novel therapeutic agent with multiple bioactivities is required. Ghrelin is a novel gut-brain peptide predominantly produced by the stomach, and has been shown to play a role in various cardiovascular activities, such as increasing myocardial contractility, improving cardiac output, and inhibiting ventricular remodeling, as well as attenuating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recent studies have demonstrated that ghrelin effectively inhibits vascular inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, repairs endothelial cells, promotes vascular endothelial function, inhibits platelet aggregation, and exerts antithrombotic effects. These findings suggest that ghrelin may be an innovative therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Shu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Park E, Lee KP, Jung SH, Lee D, Won KJ, Yun Y, Kim B. Compound K, an intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through G1 arrest and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhou J, Li YS, Nguyen P, Wang KC, Weiss A, Kuo YC, Chiu JJ, Shyy JY, Chien S. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell turnover by endothelial cell-secreted microRNA-126: role of shear stress. Circ Res 2013; 113:40-51. [PMID: 23603512 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.280883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endothelial microRNA-126 (miR-126) modulates vascular development and angiogenesis. However, its role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) function is unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of miR-126 secreted by endothelial cells (ECs) in regulating SMC turnover in vitro and in vivo, as well as the effects of shear stress on the regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Coculture of SMCs with ECs or treatment of SMCs with conditioned media from static EC monoculture (EC-CM) increased SMC miR-126 level and SMC turnover; these effects were abolished by inhibition of endothelial miR-126 and by the application of laminar shear stress to ECs. SMC miR-126 did not increase when treated with EC-CM from ECs subjected to inhibition of miR biogenesis, or with CM from sheared ECs. Depletion of extracellular/secreted vesicles in EC-CM did not affect the increase of SMC miR-126 by EC-CM. Biotinylated miR-126 or FLAG (DYKDDDDK epitope)-tagged Argonaute2 transfected into ECs was detected in the cocultured or EC-CM-treated SMCs, indicating a direct EC-to-SMC transmission of miR-126 and Argonaute2. Endothelial miR-126 represses forkhead box O3, B-cell lymphoma 2, and insulin receptor substrate 1 mRNAs in the cocultured SMCs, suggesting the functional roles of the transmitted miR-126. Systemic depletion of miR-126 in mice inhibited neointimal lesion formation of carotid arteries induced by cessation of blood flow. Administration of EC-CM or miR-126 mitigated the inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial miR-126 acts as a key intercellular mediator to increase SMC turnover, and its release is reduced by atheroprotective laminar shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Molica F, Burger F, Thomas A, Staub C, Tailleux A, Staels B, Pelli G, Zimmer A, Cravatt B, Matter CM, Pacher P, Steffens S. Endogenous cannabinoid receptor CB1 activation promotes vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1360-8. [PMID: 23479425 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m035147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is frequently used in patients with severe arterial narrowing due to atherosclerosis. However, it induces severe arterial injury and an inflammatory response leading to restenosis. Here, we studied a potential activation of the endocannabinoid system and the effect of FA amide hydrolase (FAAH) deficiency, the major enzyme responsible for endocannabinoid anandamide degradation, in arterial injury. We performed carotid balloon injury in atherosclerosis-prone apoE knockout (apoE(-/-)) and apoE(-/-)FAAH(-/-) mice. Anandamide levels were systemically elevated in apoE(-/-) mice after balloon injury. ApoE(-/-)FAAH(-/-) mice had significantly higher baseline anandamide levels and enhanced neointima formation compared with apoE(-/-) controls. The latter effect was inhibited by treatment with CB1 antagonist AM281. Similarly, apoE(-/-) mice treated with AM281 had reduced neointimal areas, reduced lesional vascular smooth-muscle cell (SMC) content, and proliferating cell counts. The lesional macrophage content was unchanged. In vitro proliferation rates were significantly reduced in CB1(-/-) SMCs or when treating apoE(-/-) or apoE(-/-)FAAH(-/-) SMCs with AM281. Macrophage in vitro adhesion and migration were marginally affected by CB1 deficiency. Reendothelialization was not inhibited by treatment with AM281. In conclusion, endogenous CB1 activation contributes to vascular SMC proliferation and neointima formation in response to arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, which can be largely attributed to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammation of the arteries characterized by lesions containing immune and smooth muscle cells, lipids and extracellular matrix. In recent years, the lipid endocannabinoid system has emerged as a new therapeutic target in variety of disorders associated with inflammation and tissue injury, including those of the cardiovascular system. The discovery that Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main active constituent of marijuana, inhibited atherosclerotic plaque progression via a cannabinoid 2 (CB(2) ) receptor-dependent anti-inflammatory mechanism, and that certain natural and synthetic cannabinoid ligands could modulate the myocardial or cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion-induced tissue damage, have stimulated impetus for a growing number of studies investigating the implication of CB(2) receptors in atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure. The aim of this review is to update on recent findings and controversies on the role of CB(2) receptors in cardiovascular disease. Particular emphasis will be placed on novel insights in the potential cellular targets of CB(2) stimulation in cardiovascular system (e.g. endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, infiltrating and/or resident monocytes/macrophages and leukocytes, etc.), their interplay and intracellular signalling mechanisms identified, as well as on experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Steffens
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Foundation for Medical Researches, Geneva, Switzerland
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Lupi A, Secco GG, Rognoni A, Rossi L, Lazzero M, Nardi F, Rolla R, Bellomo G, Bongo AS, Di Mario C. Plasma fibrinogen levels and restenosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 33:308-17. [PMID: 21909639 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-011-0628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Plasma fibrinogen levels influence restenosis following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable angina. It is unknown whether the same is true in the setting of primary PCI. The aim of the study was therefore to assess whether fibrinogen levels were associated to 6-month in-stent restenosis (ISR) in STEMI patients undergoing successful primary PCI. From January 2003 to October 2004, 267 patients were admitted to our Institution for STEMI and treated by primary PCI. Of these, 171 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in our study. Fibrinogen levels were assessed at admission, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h following PCI and at discharge. Six-month angiographic follow-up was 100% complete. Subjects with 6-month ISR showed higher fibrinogen levels than patients without ISR. Patients in the upper fibrinogen tertile showed a higher 6-month incidence of symptoms and/or inducible myocardial ischemia (27.1% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.006) and a larger late lumen loss (1.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.0 ± 0.9 mm, P = 0.049). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant and independent association between fibrinogen levels and ISR. Our study suggests that increased plasma fibrinogen levels are related to ISR in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. Larger studies are warranted to assess the prognostic value of fibrinogen over harder end-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lupi
- Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy.
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Ruscazio M, Montisci R, Bezante G, Caiati C, Balbi M, Tona F, Lai G, Cadeddu M, Pirisi R, Brunelli C, Iliceto S, Meloni L. Early Noninvasive Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve after Angioplasty in the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Identifies Patients at High Risk of Restenosis at Follow-Up. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012; 25:902-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lim S, Choi SH, Shin H, Cho BJ, Park HS, Ahn BY, Kang SM, Yoon JW, Jang HC, Kim YB, Park KS. Effect of a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin, on neointimal formation after balloon injury in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35007. [PMID: 22493727 PMCID: PMC3320861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been suggested that enhancement of incretin effect improves cardiac function. We investigated the effect of a DPP-IV inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin, in reducing occurrence of restenosis in carotid artery in response to balloon injury and the related mechanisms. METHODS AND FINDINGS Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats were grouped into four: control (normal saline) and sitagliptin 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg per day (n = 10 per group). Sitagliptin or normal saline were given orally from 1 week before to 2 weeks after carotid injury. After 3 weeks of treatment, sitagliptin treatment caused a significant and dose-dependent reduction in intima-media ratio (IMR) in obese diabetic rats. This effect was accompanied by improved glucose homeostasis, decreased circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and increased adiponectin level. Moreover, decreased IMR was correlated significantly with reduced hsCRP, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. In vitro evidence with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) demonstrated that proliferation and migration were decreased significantly after sitagliptin treatment. In addition, sitagliptin increased caspase-3 activity and decreased monocyte adhesion and NFκB activation in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin has protective properties against restenosis after carotid injury and therapeutic implications for treating macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayley Shin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bong Jun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Yong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lockwood NA, Hergenrother RW, Patrick LM, Stucke SM, Steendam R, Pacheco E, Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Hubbard B. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Polymers for Application as Drug-Eluting Stent Coatings. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 21:529-52. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x429175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rob Steendam
- e InnoCore Technologies BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Molica F, Matter CM, Burger F, Pelli G, Lenglet S, Zimmer A, Pacher P, Steffens S. Cannabinoid receptor CB2 protects against balloon-induced neointima formation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1064-74. [PMID: 22227125 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00444.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor CB(2) activation inhibits inflammatory proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. The potential in vivo relevance of these findings is unclear. We performed carotid balloon distension injury in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of the CB(2) agonist JWH133 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle, with the first injection given 30 min before injury. Alternatively, we subjected CB(2)(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice to balloon injury. We determined CB(2) mRNA and protein expression in dilated arteries of ApoE(-/-) mice. Neointima formation was assessed histologically. We used bone marrow-derived murine CB(2)(-/-) and WT macrophages to study adhesion to plastic, fibronectin, or collagen, and migration was assayed by modified Boyden chamber. Aortic smooth muscle cells were isolated to determine in vitro proliferation rates. We found increased vascular CB(2) expression in ApoE(-/-) mice in response to balloon injury. Seven to twenty-one days after dilatation, injured vessels of JWH133-treated mice had less intimal nuclei numbers as well as intimal and medial areas, associated with less staining for proliferating cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Complete endothelial repair was observed after 14 days in both JWH133- and vehicle-treated mice. CB(2) deficiency resulted in increased intima formation compared with WT, whereas JWH133 did not affect intimal formation in CB(2)(-/-) mice. Apoptosis rates assessed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling staining 1 h postballooning were significantly higher in the CB(2) knockouts. In vitro, bone marrow-derived CB(2)(-/-) macrophages showed enhanced adherence and migration compared with WT cells and elevated mRNA levels of adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors CCR1 and 5, and chemokine CCL2. Proliferation rates were significantly increased in CB(2)(-/-) smooth muscle cells compared with WT. In conclusion, pharmacological activation or genetic deletion of CB(2) receptors modulate neointima formation via protective effects in macrophages and smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Song Z, Jin R, Yu S, Nanda A, Granger DN, Li G. Crucial role of CD40 signaling in vascular wall cells in neointimal formation and vascular remodeling after vascular interventions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:50-64. [PMID: 21998133 PMCID: PMC3241889 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.238329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been shown that CD40-TRAF6 axis in leukocytes plays a significant role in neointimal formation after carotid ligation. Because CD40 and TRAF6 are expressed not only in leukocytes but also in vascular cells, we examined the role of CD40 contributed by vascular wall cells in neointimal formation after carotid ligation in an atherogenic environment. METHODS AND RESULTS Both CD40 and TRAF6 in medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was upregulated significantly at 3 days and more prominently at 7 days after injury in wildtype mice, but the TRAF6 upregulation was abolished in CD40(-/-) mice. In vitro, TRAF6 expression was induced by cytokines (tumor necrosis factor -α, interleukin-1β) via a NF-κB-dependent manner in wildtype SMCs, but this induction was blocked in CD40-deficient SMCs. Bone marrow chimeras revealed a comparable reduction in neointimal formation and lumen stenosis in mice lacking either vascular wall- or bone marrow-associated CD40. Lacking vascular wall-associated CD40 resulted in a significant reduction in monocyte/macrophage accumulation, NF-κB activation, and multiple proinflammatory mediators (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, MMP-9, tissue factor). In vitro data confirmed that CD40 deficiency or TRAF6 knockdown suppressed CD40L-induced proinflammatory phenotype of SMCs by inhibition of NF-κB activation. Moreover, both in vivo and in vitro data showed that CD40 deficiency prevented injury-induced SMC apoptosis but did not affect SMC proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS CD40 signaling through TRAF6 in vascular SMCs seems to be centrally involved in neointimal formation in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Modulating CD40 signaling on local vascular wall may become a new therapeutic target against vascular restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Räthel T, Mannell H, Pircher J, Gleich B, Pohl U, Krötz F. Magnetic stents retain nanoparticle-bound antirestenotic drugs transported by lipid microbubbles. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1295-307. [PMID: 22189692 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coating coronary stents with antirestenotic drugs revolutionized interventional cardiology. We developed a system for post-hoc drug delivery to uncoated stents. METHODS We coupled rapamycin or a chemically similar fluorescent dye to superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The antiproliferative activity of rapamycin coupled to nanoparticles was confirmed in vitro in primary porcine vascular cells. The particles were then incorporated into lipid based microbubbles. Commercially available stents were made magnetizable by nickel plating and used to induce strong field gradients in order to capture magnetic microbubbles from flowing liquids when placed in an external magnetic field. RESULTS Nanoparticle bound Rapamycin dose dependently inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. Magnetic microcbubbles carrying coated nanoparticles were caught by magnets placed external to a flow-through tube. Plating commercial stents with nickel resulted in increased deposition at stent struts and allowed for widely increased distance of external magnets. Deposition depended on circulation time and velocity and distance of magnets. Deposited microbubbles were destroyed by ultrasound and delivered their cargo to targeted sites. CONCLUSIONS Drugs can be incorporated into nanoparticle loaded microbubbles and thus be delivered to magnetizable stents from circulating fluids by applying external magnetic fields. This technology could allow for post-hoc drug coating of already implanted vascular stents.
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Sternberg K, Gratz M, Koeck K, Mostertz J, Begunk R, Loebler M, Semmling B, Seidlitz A, Hildebrandt P, Homuth G, Grabow N, Tuemmler C, Weitschies W, Schmitz KP, Kroemer HK. Magnesium used in bioabsorbable stents controls smooth muscle cell proliferation and stimulates endothelial cells in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 100:41-50. [PMID: 22114061 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-based bioabsorbable cardiovascular stents have been developed to overcome limitations of permanent metallic stents, such as late stent thrombosis. During stent degradation, endothelial and smooth muscle cells will be exposed to locally high magnesium concentrations with yet unknown physiological consequences. Here, we investigated the effects of elevated magnesium concentrations on human coronary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cell (HCAEC, HCASMC) growth and gene expression. In the course of 24 h after incubation with magnesium chloride solutions (1 or 10 mM) intracellular magnesium level in HCASMC raised from 0.55 ± 0.25 mM (1 mM) to 1.38 ± 0.95 mM (10 mM), while no increase was detected in HCAEC. Accordingly, a DNA microarray-based study identified 69 magnesium regulated transcripts in HCAEC, but 2172 magnesium regulated transcripts in HCASMC. Notably, a significant regulation of various growth factors and extracellular matrix components was observed. In contrast, viability and proliferation of HCAEC were increased at concentrations of up to 25 mM magnesium chloride, while in HCASMC viability and proliferation appeared to be unaffected. Taken together, our data indicate that magnesium halts smooth muscle cell proliferation and stimulates endothelial cell proliferation, which might translate into a beneficial effect in the setting of stent associated vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sternberg
- University of Rostock, Medical Faculty, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock, Germany.
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45
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Dong X, Song LP, Zhu DW, Zhang HL, Liu LX, Leng XG. Impact of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor gene on apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:25-30. [PMID: 21637538 PMCID: PMC3085368 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) plays a vitally important role in the blood coagulation pathway. Recent studies indicated that TFPI induces apoptosis in vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) in animals. The present study investigated whether the TFPI gene could also induce apoptosis in human vascular smooth-muscle cells (hVSMCs). Such cells were isolated from human umbilical arteries and subsequently transfected with pIRES-TFPI plasmid (2 μg/mL). MTT assaying and cell counting were applied to measure cell viability and proliferation, RT-PCR was utilized to analyze TFPI gene expression in the cells. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Several key proteins involved in apoptosis were examined through Western blotting. It was shown that TFPI gene transfer led to its increased cellular expression, with a subsequent reduction in hVSMC proliferation. Further investigation demonstrated that TFPI gene expression resulted in lesser amounts of procaspase-3, procaspase-8 and procascase-9, and an increased release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt-c) into cytoplasm, thereby implying the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in TFPI gene-induced apoptosis in hVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin, PR China
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46
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Lim S, Yoon JW, Kang SM, Choi SH, Cho BJ, Kim M, Park HS, Cho HJ, Shin H, Kim YB, Kim HS, Jang HC, Park KS. EGb761, a Ginkgo biloba extract, is effective against atherosclerosis in vitro, and in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20301. [PMID: 21655098 PMCID: PMC3107221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGb761, a standardized Ginkgo biloba extract, has antioxidant and antiplatelet aggregation and thus might protect against atherosclerosis. However, molecular and functional properties of EGb761 and its major subcomponents have not been well characterized. We investigated the effect of EGb761 and its major subcomponents (bilobalide, kaemferol, and quercetin) on preventing atherosclerosis in vitro, and in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS EGb761 (100 and 200 mg/kg) or normal saline (control) were administered to Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, an obese insulin-resistant rat model, for 6 weeks (from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after carotid artery injury). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate cell proliferation and apoptosis in the injured arteries. Cell migration, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation, monocyte adhesion, and ICAM-1/VCAM-1 levels were explored in vitro. Treatment with EGb761 dose-dependently reduced intima-media ratio, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and induced greater apoptosis than the controls. Proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro were also decreased by the treatment of EGb761. Glucose homeostasis and circulating adiponectin levels were improved, and plasma hsCRP concentrations were decreased in the treatment groups. Caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation increased while monocyte adhesion and ICAM-1/VCAM-1 levels decreased significantly. Among subcomponents of EGb761, kaemferol and quercetin reduced VSMC migration and increased caspase activity. CONCLUSIONS EGb761 has a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis and is a potential therapeutic agent for preventing atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclopentanes/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Furans/pharmacology
- Ginkgo biloba/chemistry
- Ginkgolides/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Kaempferols/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Quercetin/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred OLETF
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Jun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayley Shin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hyo Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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47
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Bissinger A, Grycewicz T, Grabowicz W, Lubiński A. Endothelial function and left ventricular remodeling in diabetic and non-diabetic patients after acute coronary syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:CR73-7. [PMID: 21278691 PMCID: PMC3524697 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of future cardiac events. MATERIAL/METHODS We evaluated the relationship between flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in brachial artery and coronary risk factors in 93 patients (70 males, mean age: 62 ± 8 years) with ACS treated with primary angioplasty (PCI). The patients were divided into 2 subgroups: 43 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) and 50 non-diabetics (non-DM). Patients were examined on the 3rd day after ACS and after 6 months. FMD on the 3rd day were significantly lower in DM than in non-DM (5.8 ± 2.2% vs. 8.8 ± 4.9%, p=0.0007) and after 6 months (6.2 ± 2.6% vs. 9.4 ± 4.4%, p<0.0001). It was also observed that the improvement of FMD in both groups after a 6-month follow-up inversely correlated with the increase of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (r=-0.41, p<0.001). RESULTS There was an inverse relationship between FMD and age (r=-0.26, p<0.01), BMI (r=-0.26, p<0,005), total cholesterol (r=-0.56, p<0.001) and LDL cholesterol (r=-0.53, p<0.001). There was no relationship between triglycerides, hypertension and history of smoking. In the DM group, FMD negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.68, p<0.001). Restenosis rate was significantly higher in the DM group (19% vs. 6%, p<0.001) but there was no relationship between FMD and restenosis. CONCLUSIONS Impaired FMD is more significant in diabetics than in non-diabetic patients with ACS. Lack of improvement of FMD after acute coronary syndrome can be a predictor of detrimental left ventricular remodeling in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bissinger
- Department of Invasive Cardiology and Cardiodiabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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48
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Tellez A, Schuster DS, Alviar C, López-Berenstein G, Sanguino A, Ballantyne C, Perrard XYD, Schulz DG, Rousselle S, Kaluza GL, Granada JF. Intramural coronary lipid injection induces atheromatous lesions expressing proinflammatory chemokines: implications for the development of a porcine model of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2011; 12:304-11. [PMID: 21616727 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramural delivery of lipids into the coronaries of pigs fed high-cholesterol diet results in the formation of localized atherosclerotic-like lesions within 12 weeks. These lesions are located in positively remodeled vessels and are associated to the development of abundant adventitial vasa vasorum and mononuclear cell infiltrate. In this study, we aimed to analyze the degree of expression of various inflammatory chemokines within the developed lesions compared with control segments injected with saline. METHODS Balloon injury was performed in 15 coronary arteries of pigs fed high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Two weeks after procedure, 60 coronary segments were randomized to either intramural injections of complex lipids (n=30) or normal saline (n=30). Neovessel density in the lesions was analyzed by lectin stain. Segments were processed for RNA expression of inflammatory chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. RESULTS At 12 weeks, the percentage area of stenosis seen in histological sections was modest in both groups (lipids: 17.3±15 vs. saline: 32.4±22.8, P=.017). The lipid group showed higher vasa vasorum (VV) quantity (saline: 18.2±14.9 VV/section vs. lipids: 30.6±21.6 VV/section, P<.05) and vasa vasorum density (saline: 7.3±4.6 VV/mm(2) vs. lipids: 16.5±9 VV/mm(2), P<.001). In addition, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression was higher in the lipid group (1.5±1.12) compared with saline control group (0.83±0.34, P<.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was also higher in the lipid group (1.36±0.9) compared with saline group (0.87±0.33, P<.05). CONCLUSION The intramural injection of complex lipids into the coronary arteries of pigs maintained in a high-cholesterol diet results in focal lesions located in positively remodeled vessels that have a high neovessel count and express proinflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Tellez
- Skirball Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Orangeburg, NY 10965, USA.
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49
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Lim S, Moon MK, Shin H, Kim TH, Cho BJ, Kim M, Park HS, Choi SH, Ko SH, Chung MH, Lee IK, Jang HC, Kim YB, Park KS. Effect of S-adenosylmethionine on neointimal formation after balloon injury in obese diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 90:383-93. [PMID: 21245056 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The association between hyperhomocysteinaemia and cardiovascular disease has been attributed to low levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a metabolic intermediate of homocysteine. However, the role of SAM in the development of restenosis has not been explored. Therefore, we investigated the effects of SAM on neointimal formation after balloon injury in obese diabetic rats and cultured cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats were divided into the following three groups: control (normal saline); SAM15; and SAM30 (15 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively; n = 10 per group). SAM was administered orally from 1 week before carotid injury to 2 weeks thereafter. SAM treatment for 3 weeks caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in the intima-to-media ratio. SAM treatment significantly reduced the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and induced more apoptosis than was observed in the control group. This effect was accompanied by reduced circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, reduced urine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and increased adiponectin. Intima-to-media ratio correlated significantly with the levels of inflammatory markers, adiponectin, and 8-OHdG. In vitro experiments demonstrated that VSMC proliferation and migration and the adhesion of monocytes decreased in response to SAM. SAM treatment also reduced tumour necrosis factor-α-induced reactive oxygen species and tunicamycin-induced GRP78 expression in VSMCs. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SAM exerts protective effects against restenosis after balloon injury in a rat model of type 2 diabetes by reducing the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of VSMCs, modifying the inflammatory processes and reducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea 110-744
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50
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Preusch MR, Vanakaris A, Bea F, Ieronimakis N, Shimizu T, Konstandin M, Morris-Rosenfeld S, Albrecht C, Kranzhöfer A, Katus HA, Blessing E, Kranzhöfer R. Rosuvastatin reduces neointima formation in a rat model of balloon injury. Eur J Med Res 2011; 15:461-7. [PMID: 21159570 PMCID: PMC3352654 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-11-461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processes of restenosis, following arterial injury, are complex involving different cell types producing various cytokines and enzymes. Among those enzymes, smooth muscle cell-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to take part in cell migration, degrading of extracellular matrix, and neointima formation. MMP-9, also known as gelatinase B, is expressed immediately after vascular injury and its expression and activity can be inhibited by statins. Using an established in vivo model of vascular injury, we investigated the effect of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin on MMP-9 expression and neointima formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14-week old male Sprague Dawley rats underwent balloon injury of the common carotid artery. Half of the animals received rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg body weight/day) via oral gavage, beginning 3 days prior to injury. Gelatinase activity and neointima formation were analyzed 3 days and 14 days after balloon injury, respectively. 14 days after vascular injury, proliferative activity was assessed by staining for Ki67. RESULTS After 14 days, animals in the rosuvastatin group showed a decrease in total neointima formation (0.194±0.01 mm2 versus 0.124±0.02 mm2, p<0.05) as well as a reduced intima/media ratio (1.26±0.1 versus 0.75±0.09, p<0.05). Balloon injury resulted in increased activity of MMP-9 3 days after intervention for both rosuvastatin treated animals and controls with no significant difference observed between the groups. There was a trend towards a reduction in the number of Ki67-positive cells 14 days after injury. CONCLUSIONS Rosuvastatin attenuates neointima formation without affecting early MMP-9 activity in a rat model of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Preusch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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