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Nedelyaeva OI, Khramov DE, Khalilova LA, Konoshenkova AO, Ryabova AV, Popova LG, Volkov VS, Balnokin YV. Molecular Cloning, Expression and Transport Activity of SaNPF6.3/SaNRT1.1, a Novel Protein of the Low-Affinity Nitrate Transporter Family from the Euhalophyte Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:845. [PMID: 37888016 PMCID: PMC10608580 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The SaNPF6.3 gene, a putative ortholog of the dual-affinity nitrate (NO3-) transporter gene AtNPF6.3/AtNRT1.1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, was cloned from the euhalophyte Suaeda altissima. The nitrate transporting activity of SaNPF6.3 was studied by heterologous expression of the gene in the yeast Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha mutant strain Δynt1 lacking the original nitrate transporter. Expression of SaNPF6.3 in Δynt1 cells rescued their ability to grow on the selective medium in the presence of nitrate and absorb nitrate from this medium. Confocal laser microscopy of the yeast cells expressing the fused protein GFP-SaNPF6.3 revealed GFP (green fluorescent protein) fluorescence localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and/or vacuoles. Apparently, in the heterologous expression system used, only a relatively small fraction of the GFP-SaNPF6.3 reached the plasma membrane of yeast cells. In S. altissima plants grown in media with either low (0.5 mM) or high (15 mM) NO3-; concentrations, SaNPF6.3 was expressed at various ontogenetic stages in different organs, with the highest expression levels in roots, pointing to an important role of SaNPF6.3 in nitrate uptake. SaNPF6.3 expression was induced in roots of nitrate-deprived plants in response to raising the nitrate concentration in the medium and was suppressed when the plants were transferred from sufficient nitrate to the lower concentration. When NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution was elevated, the SaNPF6.3 transcript abundance in the roots increased at the low nitrate concentration and decreased at the high one. We also determined nitrate and chloride concentrations in the xylem sap excreted by detached S. altissima roots as a function of their concentrations in the root medium. Based on a linear increase in Cl- concentrations in the xylem exudate as the external Cl- concentration increased and the results of SaNPF6.3 expression experiments, we hypothesize that SaNPF6.3 is involved in chloride transport along with nitrate transport in S. altissima plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Nedelyaeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Dmitrii E. Khramov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Lyudmila A. Khalilova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Alena O. Konoshenkova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Anastasia V. Ryabova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Larissa G. Popova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Vadim S. Volkov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Yurii V. Balnokin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
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Kumar A, Sandhu N, Kumar P, Pruthi G, Singh J, Kaur S, Chhuneja P. Genome-wide identification and in silico analysis of NPF, NRT2, CLC and SLAC1/SLAH nitrate transporters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sci Rep 2022; 12:11227. [PMID: 35781289 PMCID: PMC9250930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen transport is one of the most important processes in plants mediated by specialized transmembrane proteins. Plants have two main systems for nitrogen uptake from soil and its transport within the system—a low-affinity transport system and a high-affinity transport system. Nitrate transporters are of special interest in cereal crops because large amount of money is spent on N fertilizers every year to enhance the crop productivity. Till date four gene families of nitrate transporter proteins; NPF (nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family), NRT2 (nitrate transporter 2 family), the CLC (chloride channel family), and the SLAC/SLAH (slow anion channel-associated homologues) have been reported in plants. In our study, in silico mining of nitrate transporter genes along with their detailed structure, phylogenetic and expression analysis was carried out. A total of 412 nitrate transporter genes were identified in hexaploid wheat genome using HMMER based homology searches in IWGSC Refseq v2.0. Out of those twenty genes were root specific, 11 leaf/shoot specific and 17 genes were grain/spike specific. The identification of nitrate transporter genes in the close proximity to the previously identified 67 marker-traits associations associated with the nitrogen use efficiency related traits in nested synthetic hexaploid wheat introgression library indicated the robustness of the reported transporter genes. The detailed crosstalk between the genome and proteome and the validation of identified putative candidate genes through expression and gene editing studies may lay down the foundation to improve nitrogen use efficiency of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Nitika Sandhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Gomsie Pruthi
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jasneet Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Liang Q, Dong M, Gu M, Zhang P, Ma Q, He B. MeNPF4.5 Improves Cassava Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield by Regulating Nitrogen Uptake and Allocation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:866855. [PMID: 35548292 PMCID: PMC9083203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a very important goal of crop breeding throughout the world. Cassava is an important food and energy crop in tropical and subtropical regions, and it mainly use nitrate as an N source. To evaluate the effect of the nitrate transporter gene MeNPF4.5 on the uptake and utilization of N in cassava, two MeNPF4.5 overexpression lines (MeNPF4.5 OE-22 and MeNPF4.5 OE-34) and one MeNPF4.5 RNA interference (RNAi) line (MeNPF4.5 Ri-1) were used for a tissue culture experiment, combining with a field trial. The results indicated that MeNPF4.5 is a plasma membrane transporter mainly expressed in roots. The gene is induced by NO3 -. Compared with the wild type, MeNPF4.5 OE-22 exhibited improved growth, yield, and NUE under both low N and normal N levels, especially in the normal N treatment. However, the growth and N uptake of RNAi plants were significantly reduced, indicating poor N uptake and utilization capacity. In addition, photosynthesis and the activities of N metabolism-related enzymes (glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) of leaves in overexpression lines were significantly higher than those in wild type. Interestingly, the RNAi line increased enzymatic activity but decreased photosynthesis. IAA content of roots in overexpressed lines were lower than that in wild type under low N level, but higher than that of wild type under normal N level. The RNAi line increased IAA content of roots under both N levels. The IAA content of leaves in the overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of the wild type, but showed negative effects on that of the RNAi lines. Thus, our results demonstrated that the MeNPF4.5 nitrate transporter is involved in regulating the uptake and utilization of N in cassava, which leads to the increase of N metabolizing enzyme activity and photosynthesis, along with the change of endogenous hormones, thereby improving the NUE and yield of cassava. These findings shed light that MeNPF4.5 is involved in N use efficiency use in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Minghua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Zhou JY, Hao DL, Yang GZ. Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPases and Multiple Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12998. [PMID: 34884802 PMCID: PMC8657649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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Xiao Q, Chen Y, Liu C, Robson F, Roy S, Cheng X, Wen J, Mysore K, Miller AJ, Murray JD. MtNPF6.5 mediates chloride uptake and nitrate preference in Medicago roots. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106847. [PMID: 34523752 PMCID: PMC8561640 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The preference for nitrate over chloride through regulation of transporters is a fundamental feature of plant ion homeostasis. We show that Medicago truncatula MtNPF6.5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1, can mediate nitrate and chloride uptake in Xenopus oocytes but is chloride selective and that its close homologue, MtNPF6.7, can transport nitrate and chloride but is nitrate selective. The MtNPF6.5 mutant showed greatly reduced chloride content relative to wild type, and MtNPF6.5 expression was repressed by high chloride, indicating a primary role for MtNPF6.5 in root chloride uptake. MtNPF6.5 and MtNPF6.7 were repressed and induced by nitrate, respectively, and these responses required the transcription factor MtNLP1. Moreover, loss of MtNLP1 prevented the rapid switch from chloride to nitrate as the main anion in nitrate-starved plants after nitrate provision, providing insight into the underlying mechanism for nitrate preference. Sequence analysis revealed three sub-types of AtNPF6.3 orthologs based on their predicted substrate-binding residues: A (chloride selective), B (nitrate selective), and C (legume specific). The absence of B-type AtNPF6.3 homologues in early diverged plant lineages suggests that they evolved from a chloride-selective MtNPF6.5-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Xiao
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS)Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Chen
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Cheng‐Wu Liu
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Fran Robson
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Sonali Roy
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy D Murray
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS)Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
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Sakuraba Y, Chaganzhana, Mabuchi A, Iba K, Yanagisawa S. Enhanced NRT1.1/NPF6.3 expression in shoots improves growth under nitrogen deficiency stress in Arabidopsis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:256. [PMID: 33637855 PMCID: PMC7910545 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of genes and their alleles capable of improving plant growth under low nitrogen (N) conditions is key for developing sustainable agriculture. Here, we show that a genome-wide association study using Arabidopsis thaliana accessions suggested an association between different magnitudes of N deficiency responses and diversity in NRT1.1/NPF6.3 that encodes a dual-affinity nitrate transporter involved in nitrate uptake by roots. Various analyses using accessions exhibiting reduced N deficiency responses revealed that enhanced NRT1.1 expression in shoots rather than in roots is responsible for better growth of Arabidopsis seedlings under N deficient conditions. Furthermore, polymorphisms that increased NRT1.1 promoter activity were identified in the NRT1.1 promoter sequences of the accessions analyzed. Hence, our data indicated that polymorphism-dependent activation of the NRT1.1 promoter in shoots could serve as a tool in molecular breeding programs for improving plant growth in low N environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Sakuraba
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XPlant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Chaganzhana
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XPlant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Mabuchi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XPlant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
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You H, Liu Y, Minh TN, Lu H, Zhang P, Li W, Xiao J, Ding X, Li Q. Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of nitrate transporter family genes in wild soybean (Glycine soja). J Appl Genet 2020; 61:489-501. [PMID: 32779148 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate transporters (NRTs) are important channel proteins facilitating cross-membrane movement of small molecules like NO3- which is a critical nutrient for all life. However, the classification and evolution of nitrate transporters in the legume plants are still elusive. In this study, we surveyed the wild soybean (G. soja) genomic databases and identified 120 GsNRT1 and 5 GsNRT2 encoding genes. Phylogenetic analyses show that GsNRT1 subfamily is consisted of eight clades (NPF1 to NPF8), while GsNRT2 subfamily has only one clade. Gene chromosomal location and evolutionary historic analyses indicate that GsNRT genes are unevenly distributed on 19 out of 20 G. soja chromosomes and segmental duplications may take a major part in the expansion of GsNRT family. Investigations of gene structure and protein motif compositions suggest that GsNRT family members are highly conserved in structures of both gene and protein levels. In addition, we analyzed the spatial expression patterns of representative GsNRT genes and their responses to exogenous nitrogen and carbon supplies and different abiotic stresses. The qRT-PCR data indicated that 16 selected GsNRT genes showed various expression levels in the roots, stems, leaves, and pods of young G. soja plants, and these genes were regulated by not only nitrogen and carbohydrate nutrients but also NaCl, NaHCO3, abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). These results suggest that GsNRT genes may be involved in the regulation of plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stresses, and the study will shed light on functional dissection of plant nitrate transporter proteins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang You
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Thuy Nguyen Minh
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoran Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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8
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Feng H, Fan X, Miller AJ, Xu G. Plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation: regulation of cellular pH homeostasis. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:4380-4392. [PMID: 32206788 PMCID: PMC7382382 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic controlled metabolic processes in cells occur at their optimized pH ranges, therefore cellular pH homeostasis is fundamental for life. In plants, the nitrogen (N) source for uptake and assimilation, mainly in the forms of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) quantitatively dominates the anion and cation equilibrium and the pH balance in cells. Here we review ionic and pH homeostasis in plant cells and regulation by N source from the rhizosphere to extra- and intracellular pH regulation for short- and long-distance N distribution and during N assimilation. In the process of N transport across membranes for uptake and compartmentation, both proton pumps and proton-coupled N transporters are essential, and their proton-binding sites may sense changes of apoplastic or intracellular pH. In addition, during N assimilation, carbon skeletons are required to synthesize amino acids, thus the combination of NO3- or NH4+ transport and assimilation results in different net charge and numbers of protons in plant cells. Efficient maintenance of N-controlled cellular pH homeostasis may improve N uptake and use efficiency, as well as enhance the resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Michniewicz M, Ho CH, Enders TA, Floro E, Damodaran S, Gunther LK, Powers SK, Frick EM, Topp CN, Frommer WB, Strader LC. TRANSPORTER OF IBA1 Links Auxin and Cytokinin to Influence Root Architecture. Dev Cell 2019; 50:599-609.e4. [PMID: 31327740 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Developmental processes that control root system architecture are critical for soil exploration by plants, allowing for uptake of water and nutrients. Conversion of the auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to active auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) modulates lateral root formation. However, mechanisms governing IBA-to-IAA conversion have yet to be elucidated. We identified TRANSPORTER OF IBA1 (TOB1) as a vacuolar IBA transporter that limits lateral root formation. Moreover, TOB1, which is transcriptionally regulated by the phytohormone cytokinin, is necessary for the ability of cytokinin to exert inhibitory effects on lateral root production. The increased production of lateral roots in tob1 mutants, TOB1 transport of IBA into the vacuole, and cytokinin-regulated TOB1 expression provide a mechanism linking cytokinin signaling and IBA contribution to the auxin pool to tune root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michniewicz
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institute for Biotransformative Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tara A Enders
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Eric Floro
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Suresh Damodaran
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lauren K Gunther
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Samantha K Powers
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Frick
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institute for Biotransformative Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Science & Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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10
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Zhang L, Hu B, Deng K, Gao X, Sun G, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang W, Li H, Zhang Z, Fu Z, Yang J, Gao S, Li L, Yu F, Li Y, Ling H, Chu C. NRT1.1B improves selenium concentrations in rice grains by facilitating selenomethinone translocation. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1058-1068. [PMID: 30466149 PMCID: PMC6523590 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and other animals, yet approximately one billion people worldwide suffer from Se deficiency. Rice is a staple food for over half of the world's population that is a major dietary source of Se. In paddy soils, rice roots mainly take up selenite. Se speciation analysis indicated that most of the selenite absorbed by rice is predominantly transformed into selenomethinone (SeMet) and retained in roots. However, the mechanism by which SeMet is transported in plants remains largely unknown. In this study, SeMet uptake was found to be an energy-dependent symport process involving H+ transport, with neutral amino acids strongly inhibiting SeMet uptake. We further revealed that NRT1.1B, a member of rice peptide transporter (PTR) family which plays an important role in nitrate uptake and transport in rice, displays SeMet transport activity in yeast and Xenopus oocyte. The uptake rate of SeMet in the roots and its accumulation rate in the shoots of nrt1.1b mutant were significantly repressed. Conversely, the overexpression of NRT1.1B in rice significantly promoted SeMet translocation from roots to shoots, resulting in increased Se concentrations in shoots and rice grains. With vascular-specific expression of NRT1.1B, the grain Se concentration was 1.83-fold higher than that of wild type. These results strongly demonstrate that NRT1.1B holds great potential for the improvement of Se concentrations in grains by facilitating SeMet translocation, and the findings provide novel insight into breeding of Se-enriched rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhe Zhang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kun Deng
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Xiaokai Gao
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Guoxin Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhengli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peng Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zihao Fu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Jinyong Yang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life ScienceCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Youjun Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental EcologyAgricultural CollegeHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Hongqing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Huang H, Yao Q, Xia E, Gao L. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Nitrogen Influences on the Accumulation of Flavonoids and Amino Acids in Young Shoots of Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis L.) Associated with Tea Flavor. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:9828-9838. [PMID: 30198713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tea-specialized metabolites contribute to rich flavors and healthy function of tea. Their accumulation patterns and underlying regulatory mechanism are significantly different under different nitrogen (N) conditions during adaptation stage. Here, we find that flavonoids associated with tea flavor are dominated by different metabolic and transcriptional responses among the four N conditions (N-deficiency, nitrate, ammonia, and nitric oxide). Nitrogen-deficiency tea plants accumulate diverse flavonoids, corresponding with higher expression of hub genes including F3H, FNS, UFGT, bHLH35, and bHLH36. Compared with N-deficiency, N-supply tea plants significantly increase proline, glutamine, and theanine, which are also associated with tea flavor, especially under NH4+-supply. As NH4+-tolerant species, tea plant exploits the adaptive strategy by substantial accumulation of amino acids including theanine to adapt excess NH4+, which attributes to, at least in part, efficient N transport and assimilation, and active protein degradation. A distinct divergence of N reallocation in young shoots of tea plant under different N sources contributes to diverse tea flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650204 , China
| | - Qiuyang Yao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650204 , China
| | - Enhua Xia
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650204 , China
| | - Lizhi Gao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650204 , China
- Institution of Genomics and Bioinformatics , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
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12
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Sheng Q, Liu X, Xie Y, Lin F, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Xu H. Synthesis of Novel Amino Acid-Fipronil Conjugates and Study on Their Phloem Loading Mechanism. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040778. [PMID: 29597301 PMCID: PMC6017586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a new pesticide with phloem mobility, a series of new amino acid–fipronil conjugates were designed and synthesized based on derivatization at the 3-position of the pyrazole ring of fipronil. Experiments using a Ricinus communis seedling system showed that all tested conjugates were phloem mobile except for the isoleucine–fipronil conjugate, and that the serine–fipronil conjugate (4g) exhibited the highest concentration in phloem sap (52.00 ± 5.80 μM). According to prediction with log Cf values and uptake experiments with Xenopus oocytes, the phloem loading process of conjugate 4g involved both passive diffusion and an active carrier system (RcANT15). In particular, compared with for a previously reported glycinergic–fipronil conjugate (GlyF), passive diffusion played a more important role for conjugate 4g in the enhancement of phloem mobility. This study suggests that associating a nutrient at a different position of an existing pesticide structure could still be effective in obtaining phloem-mobile derivatives, but the distinct physicochemical properties of resultant conjugates may lead to different phloem loading mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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13
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Chen Y, Sun SK, Tang Z, Liu G, Moore KL, Maathuis FJM, Miller AJ, McGrath SP, Zhao FJ. The Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein OsNIP3;2 is involved in arsenite uptake by lateral roots in rice. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:3007-3016. [PMID: 28505352 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein (NIP) Lsi1 (OsNIP2;1) is involved in arsenite [As(III)] uptake in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the role of other rice NIPs in As(III) accumulation in planta remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role OsNIP3;2 in As(III) uptake in rice. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, OsNIP3;2 showed a high transport activity for As(III). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of OsNIP3;2 was suppressed by 5 µM As(III), but enhanced by 20 and 100 µM As(III). Transgenic rice plants expressing OsNIP3;2pro-GUS showed that the gene was predominantly expressed in the lateral roots and the stele region of the primary roots. Transient expression of OsNIP3;2:GFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts showed that the protein was localized in the plasma membrane. Knockout of OsNIP3;2 significantly decreased As concentration in the roots, but had little effect on shoot As concentration. Synchrotron microfocus X-ray fluorescence showed decreased As accumulation in the stele of the lateral roots in the mutants compared with wild-type. Our results indicate that OsNIP3;2 is involved in As(III) uptake by lateral roots, but its contribution to As accumulation in the shoots is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sheng-Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guidong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Katie L Moore
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Antony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Steve P McGrath
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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14
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Abstract
We summarize nitrate transporters and discuss their potential in breeding for improved nitrogen use efficiency and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Metabolic Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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15
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Hu R, Qiu D, Chen Y, Miller AJ, Fan X, Pan X, Zhang M. Knock-Down of a Tonoplast Localized Low-Affinity Nitrate Transporter OsNPF7.2 Affects Rice Growth under High Nitrate Supply. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1529. [PMID: 27826301 PMCID: PMC5078692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The large nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) has been shown to transport diverse substrates, including nitrate, amino acids, peptides, phytohormones, and glucosinolates. However, the rice (Oryza sativa) root-specific family member OsNPF7.2 has not been functionally characterized. Here, our data show that OsNPF7.2 is a tonoplast localized low-affinity nitrate transporter, that affects rice growth under high nitrate supply. Expression analysis showed that OsNPF7.2 was mainly expressed in the elongation and maturation zones of roots, especially in the root sclerenchyma, cortex and stele. It was also induced by high concentrations of nitrate. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsNPF7.2 was localized on the tonoplast of large and small vacuoles. Heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that OsNPF7.2 was a low-affinity nitrate transporter. Knock-down of OsNPF7.2 retarded rice growth under high concentrations of nitrate. Therefore, we deduce that OsNPF7.2 plays a role in intracellular allocation of nitrate in roots, and thus influences rice growth under high nitrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Diyang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Metabolic Biology Department, John Innes CentreNorwich, UK
| | | | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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16
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Matantseva O, Skarlato S, Vogts A, Pozdnyakov I, Liskow I, Schubert H, Voss M. Superposition of Individual Activities: Urea-Mediated Suppression of Nitrate Uptake in the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Revealed at the Population and Single-Cell Levels. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1310. [PMID: 27610101 PMCID: PMC4996987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates readily use diverse inorganic and organic compounds as nitrogen sources, which is advantageous in eutrophied coastal areas exposed to high loads of anthropogenic nutrients, e.g., urea, one of the most abundant organic nitrogen substrates in seawater. Cell-to-cell variability in nutritional physiology can further enhance the diversity of metabolic strategies among dinoflagellates of the same species, but it has not been studied in free-living microalgae. We applied stable isotope tracers, isotope ratio mass spectrometry and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to investigate the response of cultured nitrate-acclimated dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum to a sudden input of urea and the effect of urea on the concurrent nitrate uptake at the population and single-cell levels. We demonstrate that inputs of urea lead to suppression of nitrate uptake by P. minimum, and urea uptake exceeds the concurrent uptake of nitrate. Individual dinoflagellate cells within a population display significant heterogeneity in the rates of nutrient uptake and extent of the urea-mediated inhibition of the nitrate uptake, thus forming several groups characterized by different modes of nutrition. We conclude that urea originating from sporadic sources is rapidly utilized by dinoflagellates and can be used in biosynthesis or stored intracellularly depending on the nutrient status; therefore, sudden urea inputs can represent one of the factors triggering or supporting harmful algal blooms. Significant physiological heterogeneity revealed at the single-cell level is likely to play a role in alleviation of intra-population competition for resources and can affect the dynamics of phytoplankton populations and their maintenance in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Matantseva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei Skarlato
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ilya Pozdnyakov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Iris Liskow
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schubert
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Maren Voss
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
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17
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Chen Y, Ma J, Miller AJ, Luo B, Wang M, Zhu Z, Ouwerkerk PBF. OsCHX14 is Involved in the K+ Homeostasis in Rice (Oryza sativa) Flowers. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:1530-1543. [PMID: 27903806 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously we showed in the osjar1 mutants that the lodicule senescence which controls the closing of rice flowers was delayed. This resulted in florets staying open longer when compared with the wild type. The gene OsJAR1 is silenced in osjar1 mutants and is a key member of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. We found that K concentrations in lodicules and flowers of osjar1-2 were significantly elevated compared with the wild type, indicating that K+ homeostasis may play a role in regulating the closure of rice flowers. The cation/H+ exchanger (CHX) family from rice was screened for potential K+ transporters involved as many members of this family in Arabidopsis were exclusively or preferentially expressed in flowers. Expression profiling confirmed that among 17 CHX genes in rice, OsCHX14 was the only member that showed an expression polymorphism, not only in osjar1 mutants but also in RNAi (RNA interference) lines of OsCOI1, another key member of the JA signaling pathway. This suggests that the expression of OsCHX14 is regulated by the JA signaling pathway. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged OsCHX14 protein was preferentially localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis of transgenic rice revealed that OsCHX14 is mainly expressed in lodicules and the region close by throughout the flowering process. Characterization in yeast and Xenopus laevis oocytes verified that OsCHX14 is able to transport K+, Rb+ and Cs+ in vivo. Our data suggest that OsCHX14 may play an important role in K+ homeostasis during flowering in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jingkun Ma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Bingbing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 219500, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- TNO Quality of Life, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, PO Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Pieter B F Ouwerkerk
- Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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O'Brien JA, Vega A, Bouguyon E, Krouk G, Gojon A, Coruzzi G, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate Transport, Sensing, and Responses in Plants. Mol Plant 2016; 9:837-56. [PMID: 27212387 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that affects plant growth and development. N is an important component of chlorophyll, amino acids, nucleic acids, and secondary metabolites. Nitrate is one of the most abundant N sources in the soil. Because nitrate and other N nutrients are often limiting, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure adequate supply of nutrients in a variable environment. Nitrate is absorbed in the root and mobilized to other organs by nitrate transporters. Nitrate sensing activates signaling pathways that impinge upon molecular, metabolic, physiological, and developmental responses locally and at the whole plant level. With the advent of genomics technologies and genetic tools, important advances in our understanding of nitrate and other N nutrient responses have been achieved in the past decade. Furthermore, techniques that take advantage of natural polymorphisms present in divergent individuals from a single species have been essential in uncovering new components. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of how nitrate signaling affects biological processes in plants. Moreover, we still lack an integrated view of how all the regulatory factors identified interact or crosstalk to orchestrate the myriad N responses plants typically exhibit. In this review, we provide an updated overview of mechanisms by which nitrate is sensed and transported throughout the plant. We discuss signaling components and how nitrate sensing crosstalks with hormonal pathways for developmental responses locally and globally in the plant. Understanding how nitrate impacts on plant metabolism, physiology, and growth and development in plants is key to improving crops for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A O'Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile; Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Andrea Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Eléonore Bouguyon
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, UM, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, UM, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Alain Gojon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, UM, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Gloria Coruzzi
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile.
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19
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Fan X, Xie D, Chen J, Lu H, Xu Y, Ma C, Xu G. Over-expression of OsPTR6 in rice increased plant growth at different nitrogen supplies but decreased nitrogen use efficiency at high ammonium supply. Plant Sci 2014; 227:1-11. [PMID: 25219300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays a critical role in plant growth and productivity and PTR/NRT1 transporters are critical for rice growth. In this study, OsPTR6, a PTR/NRT1 transporter, was over-expressed in the Nipponbare rice cultivar by Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation using the ubiquitin (Ubi) promoter. Three single-copy T2 generation transgenic lines, named OE1, OE5 and OE6, were produced and subjected to hydroponic growth experiments in different nitrogen treatments. The results showed the plant height and biomass of the over-expression lines were increased, and plant N accumulation and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities were enhanced at 5.0mmol/L NH4(+) and 2.5mmol/L NH4NO3. The expression of OsATM1 genes in over-expression lines showed that the OsPTR6 over expression increased OsAMT1.1, OsATM1.2 and OsAMT1.3 expression at 0.2 and 5.0mmol/L NH4(+) and 2.5mmol/L NH4NO3. However, nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUE) was decreased at 5.0mmol/LNH4(+). These data suggest that over-expression of the OsPTR6 gene could increase rice growth through increasing ammonium transporter expression and glutamine synthetase activity (GSA), but decreases nitrogen use efficiency under conditions of high ammonium supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jingguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Cui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Léran S, Varala K, Boyer JC, Chiurazzi M, Crawford N, Daniel-Vedele F, David L, Dickstein R, Fernandez E, Forde B, Gassmann W, Geiger D, Gojon A, Gong JM, Halkier BA, Harris JM, Hedrich R, Limami AM, Rentsch D, Seo M, Tsay YF, Zhang M, Coruzzi G, Lacombe B. A unified nomenclature of NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family members in plants. Trends Plant Sci 2014; 19:5-9. [PMID: 24055139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the plant NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (NRT1/PTR) family display protein sequence homology with the SLC15/PepT/PTR/POT family of peptide transporters in animals. In comparison to their animal and bacterial counterparts, these plant proteins transport a wide variety of substrates: nitrate, peptides, amino acids, dicarboxylates, glucosinolates, IAA, and ABA. The phylogenetic relationship of the members of the NRT1/PTR family in 31 fully sequenced plant genomes allowed the identification of unambiguous clades, defining eight subfamilies. The phylogenetic tree was used to determine a unified nomenclature of this family named NPF, for NRT1/PTR FAMILY. We propose that the members should be named accordingly: NPFX.Y, where X denotes the subfamily and Y the individual member within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Léran
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Kranthi Varala
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Boyer
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nigel Crawford
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Françoise Daniel-Vedele
- INRA AgroParisTech, UMR1318 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laure David
- INRA AgroParisTech, UMR1318 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa Baja E, Campus de Rabanales, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Brian Forde
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, CS Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alain Gojon
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Ji-Ming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Barbara A Halkier
- DynaMo Centre of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jeanne M Harris
- Department of Plant Biology, 315 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anis M Limami
- UMR 1345 Research Institute of Horticulture and Seeds (INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, University of Angers), SFR 4207 Quasav, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Gloria Coruzzi
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Benoît Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
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Feng H, Xia X, Fan X, Xu G, Miller AJ. Optimizing plant transporter expression in Xenopus oocytes. Plant Methods 2013; 9:48. [PMID: 24359672 PMCID: PMC3878178 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-9-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid improvements in DNA synthesis technology are revolutionizing gene cloning and the characterization of their encoded proteins. Xenopus laevis oocytes are a commonly used heterologous system for the expression and functional characterization of membrane proteins. For many plant proteins, particularly transporters, low levels of expression can limit functional activity in these cells making it difficult to characterize the protein. Improvements in synthetic DNA technology now make it quick, easy and relatively cheap to optimize the codon usage of plant cDNAs for Xenopus. We have tested if this optimization process can improve the functional activity of a two-component plant nitrate transporter assayed in oocytes. RESULTS We used the generally available software (http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/; http://genomes.urv.es/OPTIMIZER/) to predict a DNA sequence for the plant gene that is better suited for Xenopus laevis. Rice OsNAR2.1 and OsNRT2.3a DNA optimized sequences were commercially synthesized for Xenopus expression. The template DNA was used to synthesize cRNA using a commercially available kit. Oocytes were injected with cRNA mixture of optimized and original OsNAR2.1 and OsNRT2.3a. Oocytes injected with cRNA obtained from using the optimized DNA template could accumulate significantly more NO3- than the original genes after 16 h incubation in 0.5 mM Na15NO3. Two-electrode voltage clamp analysis of the oocytes confirmed that the codon optimized template resulted in significantly larger currents when compared with the original rice cDNA. CONCLUSION The functional activity of a rice high affinity nitrate transporter in oocytes was improved by DNA codon optimization of the genes. This methodology offers the prospect for improved expression and better subsequent functional characterization of plant proteins in the Xenopus oocyte system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiudong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
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Tnani H, López-Ribera I, García-Muniz N, Vicient CM. ZmPTR1, a maize peptide transporter expressed in the epithelial cells of the scutellum during germination. Plant Sci 2013; 207:140-147. [PMID: 23602109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In plants, peptide transporter/nitrate transporter 1 (PTR/NRT1) family proteins transport a variety of substrates such as nitrate, di- and tripepetides, auxin and carboxylates across membranes. We isolated and characterized ZmPTR1, a maize member of this family. ZmPTR1 protein sequence is highly homologous to the previously characterized di- and tripeptide Arabidopsis transporters AtPTR2, AtPTR4 and AtPTR6. ZmPTR1 gene is expressed in the cells of the scutellar epithelium during germination and, to a less extent, in the radicle and the hypocotyl. Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing ZmPTR1 performed better than control plants when grown on a medium with Ala-Ala dipeptide as the unique N source. Our results suggest that ZmPTR1 plays a role in the transport into the embryo of the small peptides produced during enzymatic hydrolysis of the storage proteins in the endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedia Tnani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Boursiac Y, Léran S, Corratgé-Faillie C, Gojon A, Krouk G, Lacombe B. ABA transport and transporters. Trends Plant Sci 2013; 18:325-33. [PMID: 23453706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism, perception, and transport form a triptych allowing higher plants to use ABA as a signaling molecule. The molecular bases of ABA metabolism are now well described and, over the past few years, several ABA receptors have been discovered. Although ABA transport has long been demonstrated in planta, the first breakthroughs in identifying plasma membrane-localized ABA transporters came in 2010, with the identification of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. More recently, two ABA transporters in the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1/PTR) family have been identified. In this review, we discuss the role of these different ABA transporters and examine the scientific impact of their identification. Given that the NRT1/PTR family is involved in the transport of nitrogen (N) compounds, further work should determine whether an interaction between ABA and N signaling or nutrition occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Boursiac
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
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25
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Bagchi R, Salehin M, Adeyemo OS, Salazar C, Shulaev V, Sherrier DJ, Dickstein R. Functional assessment of the Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD protein demonstrates that it is a high-affinity nitrate transporter. Plant Physiol 2012; 160:906-16. [PMID: 22858636 PMCID: PMC3461564 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.196444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD (for Numerous Infections and Polyphenolics/Lateral root-organ Defective) gene encodes a protein found in a clade of nitrate transporters within the large NRT1(PTR) family that also encodes transporters of dipeptides and tripeptides, dicarboxylates, auxin, and abscisic acid. Of the NRT1(PTR) members known to transport nitrate, most are low-affinity transporters. Here, we show that M. truncatula nip/latd mutants are more defective in their lateral root responses to nitrate provided at low (250 μm) concentrations than at higher (5 mm) concentrations; however, nitrate uptake experiments showed no discernible differences in uptake in the mutants. Heterologous expression experiments showed that MtNIP/LATD encodes a nitrate transporter: expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes conferred upon the oocytes the ability to take up nitrate from the medium with high affinity, and expression of MtNIP/LATD in an Arabidopsis chl1(nrt1.1) mutant rescued the chlorate susceptibility phenotype. X. laevis oocytes expressing mutant Mtnip-1 and Mtlatd were unable to take up nitrate from the medium, but oocytes expressing the less severe Mtnip-3 allele were proficient in nitrate transport. M. truncatula nip/latd mutants have pleiotropic defects in nodulation and root architecture. Expression of the Arabidopsis NRT1.1 gene in mutant Mtnip-1 roots partially rescued Mtnip-1 for root architecture defects but not for nodulation defects. This suggests that the spectrum of activities inherent in AtNRT1.1 is different from that possessed by MtNIP/LATD, but it could also reflect stability differences of each protein in M. truncatula. Collectively, the data show that MtNIP/LATD is a high-affinity nitrate transporter and suggest that it could have another function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. Sarah Adeyemo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - Carolina Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - D. Janine Sherrier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
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26
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Criscuolo G, Valkov VT, Parlati A, Alves LM, Chiurazzi M. Molecular characterization of the Lotus japonicus NRT1(PTR) and NRT2 families. Plant Cell Environ 2012; 35:1567-81. [PMID: 22458810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential element for plant growth, both as a primary nutrient in the nitrogen assimilation pathway and as an important signal for plant development. Low- and high-affinity transport systems are involved in the nitrate uptake from the soil and its distribution between different plant tissues. By an in silico search, we identified putative members of both systems in the model legume Lotus japonicus. We investigated, by a time course analysis, the transcripts abundance in root tissues of nine and four genes encoding putative low-affinity (NRT1) and high-affinity (NRT2) nitrate transporters, respectively. The genes were sub-classified as inducible, repressible and constitutive on the basis of their responses to provision of nitrate, auxin or cytokinin. Furthermore, the analysis of the pattern of expression in root and nodule tissues after Mesorhizobium loti inoculation permitted the identification of sequences significantly regulated during the symbiotic interaction. The interpretation of the global regulative networks obtained allowed to postulate roles for nitrate transporters as possible actors in the cross-talks between different signalling pathways triggered by biotic and abiotic factors.
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MESH Headings
- Anion Transport Proteins/genetics
- Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cytokinins/pharmacology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology
- Lotus/drug effects
- Lotus/genetics
- Lotus/microbiology
- Mesorhizobium/drug effects
- Mesorhizobium/physiology
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Nitrate Transporters
- Nitrates/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Root Nodules, Plant/cytology
- Root Nodules, Plant/drug effects
- Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Criscuolo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Yang X, Sun F, Xiong A, Wang F, Kong M, Wang Q, Wang J, Dai W, Xia X, Hou X. BcNRT1, a plasma membrane-localized nitrate transporter from non-heading Chinese cabbage. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7997-8006. [PMID: 22539185 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A nitrate transporter, BcNRT1, was isolated from non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) cultivar 'Suzhouqing'. The full-length cDNA was obtained using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique and contains an open reading frame of 1,770 bp that predicts a protein of 589 acid residues that possesses 12 putative transmembrane domains. Using the GUS marker gene driven by the BcNRT1 promoter, we found BcNRT1 expression to be concentrated in primary and lateral root tips and in shoots of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The YFP fused to BcNRT1 and transformed into cabbage protoplasts indicated that BcNRT1 was localized to the plasma membrane. The expression of BcNRT1 in roots was induced by exposure to 25 mM nitrate, and the BcNRT1 cRNA heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed nitrate conductance when nitrate was included in the medium. Moreover, mutant chl1-5 plants harboring 35S::BcNRT1 showed sensitivity to chlorate treatment and exhibited restored nitrate uptake. In conclusion, the results indicate that BcNRT1 functions as a low affinity nitrate transporter in non-heading Chinese cabbage.
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28
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Morère-Le Paven MC, Viau L, Hamon A, Vandecasteele C, Pellizzaro A, Bourdin C, Laffont C, Lapied B, Lepetit M, Frugier F, Legros C, Limami AM. Characterization of a dual-affinity nitrate transporter MtNRT1.3 in the model legume Medicago truncatula. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:5595-605. [PMID: 21862482 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary root growth in the absence or presence of exogenous NO(3)(-) was studied by a quantitative genetic approach in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Medicago truncatula. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 5 appeared to be particularly relevant because it was seen in both N-free medium (LOD score 5.7; R(2)=13.7) and medium supplied with NO(3)(-) (LOD score, 9.5; R(2)=21.1) which indicates that it would be independent of the general nutritional status. Due to its localization exactly at the peak of this QTL, the putative NRT1-NO(3)(-) transporter (Medtr5g093170.1), closely related to Arabidopsis AtNRT1.3, a putative low-affinity nitrate transporter, appeared to be a significant candidate involved in the control of primary root growth and NO(3)(-) sensing. Functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes using both electrophysiological and (15)NO(3)(-) uptake approaches showed that Medtr5g093170.1, named MtNRT1.3, encodes a dual-affinity NO(3)(-) transporter similar to the AtNRT1.1 'transceptor' in Arabidopsis. MtNRT1.3 expression is developmentally regulated in roots, with increasing expression after completion of germination in N-free medium. In contrast to members of the NRT1 superfamily characterized so far, MtNRT1.3 is environmentally up-regulated by the absence of NO(3)(-) and down-regulated by the addition of the ion to the roots. Split-root experiments showed that the increased expression stimulated by the absence of NO(3)(-) was not the result of a systemic signalling of plant N status. The results suggest that MtNRT1.3 is involved in the response to N limitation, which increases the ability of the plant to acquire NO(3)(-) under N-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Morère-Le Paven
- University of Angers, UMR-1191 Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences, IFR 149 Quasav, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
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29
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Wang YY, Tsay YF. Arabidopsis nitrate transporter NRT1.9 is important in phloem nitrate transport. Plant Cell 2011; 23:1945-57. [PMID: 21571952 PMCID: PMC3123939 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.083618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter NRT1.9 reveals an important function for a NRT1 family member in phloem nitrate transport. Functional analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.9 is a low-affinity nitrate transporter. Green fluorescent protein and β-glucuronidase reporter analyses indicated that NRT1.9 is a plasma membrane transporter expressed in the companion cells of root phloem. In nrt1.9 mutants, nitrate content in root phloem exudates was decreased, and downward nitrate transport was reduced, suggesting that NRT1.9 may facilitate loading of nitrate into the root phloem and enhance downward nitrate transport in roots. Under high nitrate conditions, the nrt1.9 mutant showed enhanced root-to-shoot nitrate transport and plant growth. We conclude that phloem nitrate transport is facilitated by expression of NRT1.9 in root companion cells. In addition, enhanced root-to-shoot xylem transport of nitrate in nrt1.9 mutants points to a negative correlation between xylem and phloem nitrate transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Abstract
The availability of mineral nutrients in the soil dramatically fluctuates in both time and space. In order to optimize their nutrition, plants need efficient sensing systems that rapidly signal the local external concentrations of the individual nutrients. Until recently, the most upstream actors of the nutrient signalling pathways, i.e. the sensors/receptors that perceive the extracellular nutrients, were unknown. In Arabidopsis, increasing evidence suggests that, for nitrate, the main nitrogen source for most plant species, a major sensor is the NRT1.1 nitrate transporter, also contributing to nitrate uptake by the roots. Membrane proteins that fulfil a dual nutrient transport/signalling function have been described in yeast and animals, and are called 'transceptors'. This review aims to illustrate the nutrient transceptor concept in plants by presenting the current evidence indicating that NRT1.1 is a representative of this class of protein. The various facets, as well as the mechanisms of nitrate sensing by NRT1.1 are considered, and the possible occurrence of other nitrate transceptors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR5004 CNRS/INRA/Supagro-M/UM2, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France.
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31
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Tavares B, Domingos P, Dias PN, Feijó JA, Bicho A. The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells: the pollen tube as a case study. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:2273-2298. [PMID: 21511914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane anion transporters play fundamental roles in plant cell biology, especially in stomatal closure and nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of anionic transport in plant cells are reviewed. Special attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes are extreme examples of cellular polarity as they grow exclusively in their apical extremity. Their unique cell biology has been extensively exploited for fundamental understanding of cellular growth and morphogenesis. Non-invasive methods have demonstrated that tube growth is governed by different ion fluxes, with different properties and distribution. Not much is known about the nature of the membrane transporters responsible for anionic transport and their regulation in the pollen tube. Recent data indicate the importance of chloride (Cl(-)) transfer across the plasma membrane for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. A general overview is presented of the well-known accumulated data in terms of biophysical and functional characterization, transcriptomics, and genomic description of pollen ionic transport, and the various controversies around the role of anionic fluxes during pollen tube germination, growth, and development. It is concluded that, like all other plant cells so far analysed, pollen tubes depend on anion fluxes for a number of fundamental homeostatic properties.
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32
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Abstract
Plant growth, productivity, and seed yield depend on the efficient uptake, metabolism, and allocation of nutrients. Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient needed in high amounts. Plants have evolved efficient and selective transport systems for nitrogen uptake and transport within the plant to sustain development, growth, and finally reproduction. This review summarizes current knowledge on membrane proteins involved in transport of amino acids and peptides. A special emphasis was put on their function in planta. We focus on uptake of the organic nitrogen by the root, source-sink partitioning, and import into floral tissues and seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
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Hammes UZ, Meier S, Dietrich D, Ward JM, Rentsch D. Functional properties of the Arabidopsis peptide transporters AtPTR1 and AtPTR5. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:39710-7. [PMID: 20937801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.141457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis di- and tripeptide transporters AtPTR1 and AtPTR5 were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and their selectivity and kinetic properties were determined by voltage clamping and by radioactive uptake. Dipeptide transport by AtPTR1 and AtPTR5 was found to be electrogenic and dependent on protons but not sodium. In the absence of dipeptides, both transporters showed proton-dependent leak currents that were inhibited by Phe-Ala (AtPTR5) and Phe-Ala, Trp-Ala, and Phe-Phe (AtPTR1). Phe-Ala was shown to reduce leak currents by binding to the substrate-binding site with a high apparent affinity. Inhibition of leak currents was only observed when the aromatic amino acids were present at the N-terminal position. AtPTR1 and AtPTR5 transport activity was voltage-dependent, and currents increased supralinearly with more negative membrane potentials and did not saturate. The voltage dependence of the apparent affinities differed between Ala-Ala, Ala-Lys, and Ala-Asp and was not conserved between the two transporters. The apparent affinity of AtPTR1 for these dipeptides was pH-dependent and decreased with decreasing proton concentration. In contrast to most proton-coupled transporters characterized so far, -I(max) increased at high pH, indicating that regulation of the transporter by pH overrides the importance of protons as co-substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Z Hammes
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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34
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McDonald SM, Plant JN, Worden AZ. The mixed lineage nature of nitrogen transport and assimilation in marine eukaryotic phytoplankton: a case study of micromonas. Mol Biol Evol 2010; 27:2268-83. [PMID: 20457585 PMCID: PMC2944026 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msq113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prasinophyte order Mamiellales contains several widespread marine picophytoplankton (≤ 2 μm diameter) taxa, including Micromonas and Ostreococcus. Complete genome sequences are available for two Micromonas isolates, CCMP1545 and RCC299. We performed in silico analyses of nitrogen transporters and related assimilation genes in CCMP1545 and RCC299 and compared these with other green lineage organisms as well as Chromalveolata, fungi, bacteria, and archaea. Phylogenetic reconstructions of ammonium transporter (AMT) genes revealed divergent types contained within each Mamiellales genome. Some were affiliated with plant and green algal AMT1 genes and others with bacterial AMT2 genes. Land plant AMT2 genes were phylogenetically closer to archaeal transporters than to Mamiellales AMT2 genes. The Mamiellales represent the first green algal genomes to harbor AMT2 genes, which are not found in Chlorella and Chlamydomonas or the chromalveolate algae analyzed but are present in oomycetes. Fewer nitrate transporter (NRT) than AMT genes were identified in the Mamiellales. NRT1 was found in all but CCMP1545 and showed highest similarity to Mamiellales and proteobacterial NRTs. NRT2 genes formed a bootstrap-supported clade basal to other green lineage organisms. Several nitrogen-related genes were colocated, forming a nitrogen gene cluster. Overall, RCC299 showed the most divergent suite of nitrogen transporters within the various Mamiellales genomes, and we developed TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction primer-probes targeting a subset of these, as well as housekeeping genes, in RCC299. All those investigated showed expression either under standard growth conditions or under nitrogen depletion. Like other recent publications, our findings show a higher degree of "mixed lineage gene affiliations" among eukaryotes than anticipated, and even the most phylogenetically anomalous versions appear to be functional. Nitrogen is often considered a regulating factor for phytoplankton populations. This study provides a springboard for exploring the use and functional diversification of inorganic nitrogen transporters and related genes in eukaryotic phytoplankton.
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Chapman N, Miller T. Nitrate Transporters and Root Architecture. In: Geisler M, Venema K, editors. Transporters and Pumps in Plant Signaling. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2011. pp. 165-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14369-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Krouk G, Lacombe B, Bielach A, Perrine-Walker F, Malinska K, Mounier E, Hoyerova K, Tillard P, Leon S, Ljung K, Zazimalova E, Benkova E, Nacry P, Gojon A. Nitrate-regulated auxin transport by NRT1.1 defines a mechanism for nutrient sensing in plants. Dev Cell 2010; 18:927-37. [PMID: 20627075 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is both a nitrogen source for higher plants and a signal molecule regulating their development. In Arabidopsis, the NRT1.1 nitrate transporter is crucial for nitrate signaling governing root growth, and has been proposed to act as a nitrate sensor. However, the sensing mechanism is unknown. Herein we show that NRT1.1 not only transports nitrate but also facilitates uptake of the phytohormone auxin. Moreover, nitrate inhibits NRT1.1-dependent auxin uptake, suggesting that transduction of nitrate signal by NRT1.1 is associated with a modification of auxin transport. Among other effects, auxin stimulates lateral root development. Mutation of NRT1.1 enhances both auxin accumulation in lateral roots and growth of these roots at low, but not high, nitrate concentration. Thus, we propose that NRT1.1 represses lateral root growth at low nitrate availability by promoting basipetal auxin transport out of these roots. This defines a mechanism connecting nutrient and hormone signaling during organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Krouk
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/INRA/SupAgro-M/UM2, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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37
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Zhao X, Huang J, Yu H, Wang L, Xie W. Genomic survey, characterization and expression profile analysis of the peptide transporter family in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC Plant Biol 2010; 10:92. [PMID: 20487558 PMCID: PMC3017762 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide transporter (PTR) family whose member can transport di-/tripeptides and nitrate is important for plant growth and development. Although the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome has been sequenced for a few years, a genomic survey, characterization and expression profile analysis of the PTR family in this species has not been reported. RESULTS In this study, we report a comprehensive identification, characterization, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of 84 PTR family members in rice (OsPTR) as well as their whole-life expression patterns. Chromosomal distribution and sequence analysis indicate that nearly 70% of OsPTR members are involved in the tandem and segmental duplication events. It suggests that genome duplication might be a major mechanism for expansion of this family. Highly conserved motifs were identified in most of the OsPTR members. Meanwhile, expression profile of OsPTR genes has been analyzed by using Affymetrix rice microarray and real-time PCR in two elite hybrid rice parents, Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97. Seven genes are found to exhibit either preferential or tissue-specific expression during different development stages of rice. Under phytohormone (NAA, GA3 and KT) and light/dark treatments, 14 and 17 OsPTR genes are differentially expressed respectively. Ka/Ks analysis of the paralogous OsPTR genes indicates that purifying selection plays an important role in function maintenance of this family. CONCLUSION These investigations add to our understanding of the importance of OsPTR family members and provide useful reference for selecting candidate genes for functional validation studies of this family in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianyan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weibo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Gorfer M, Persak H, Berger H, Brynda S, Bandian D, Strauss J. Identification of heavy metal regulated genes from the root associated ascomycete Cadophora finlandica using a genomic microarray. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 113:1377-88. [PMID: 19770041 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ascomycete Cadophora finlandica, which can form mycorrhizas with ectomycorrhizal and ericoid hosts, is commonly found in heavy metal polluted soils. To understand the selective advantage of this organism at contaminated sites heavy metal regulated genes from C. finlandica were investigated. For gene identification a strategy based on a genomic microarray was chosen, which allows a rapid, genome-wide screening in genetically poorly characterized organisms. In a preliminary screen eleven plasmids covering eight distinct genomic regions and encoding a total of ten Cd-regulated genes were identified. Northern analyses with RNA from C. finlandica grown in the presence of either Cd, Pb or Zn revealed different transcription patterns in response to the heavy metals present in the growth medium. The Cd-regulated genes are predicted to encode several extracellular proteins with unknown functions, transporters, a centaurin-type regulator of intracellular membrane trafficking, a GNAT-family acetyltransferase and a B-type cyclin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gorfer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Fungal Genomics Unit, Austrian Research Centers and BOKU-University Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Vadas TM, Ahner BA. Cysteine- and glutathione-mediated uptake of lead and cadmium into Zea mays and Brassica napus roots. Environ Pollut 2009; 157:2558-2563. [PMID: 19344986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examines a new mechanism for the uptake of Pb and Cd into Brassica napus and Zea mays roots. During hydroponic experiments, the uptake of Pb and Cd was enhanced in the presence of cysteine and glutathione, whereas no or very low uptake was observed in EDTA and penicillamine controls. Uptake rates were also enhanced after pre-exposure to cysteine or glutathione and inhibited in the presence of vanadate, suggesting a biological mechanism of uptake. Increasing concentrations of glutathione in solution resulted in decreasing Pb uptake rates, indicating competition for transport between free-glutathione and Pb-glutathione species. Pb uptake in the presence of increasing cysteine concentrations resulted in decreased uptake initially but linearly increasing uptake at higher concentrations. Experimentation showed concentration dependent Pb uptake rates. We speculate that there are specific transporters for these thiol ligands and describe what barriers remain for application of this novel transport mechanism in chelator-assisted phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Vadas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 320 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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40
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Miller AJ, Shen Q, Xu G. Freeways in the plant: transporters for N, P and S and their regulation. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2009; 12:284-90. [PMID: 19481499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on plant acquisition and transport of the inorganic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Families of membrane transporters have been identified and several members are well characterised. Although some families are large, specific members may be expressed in a particular membrane or cell type, or at certain times during development. Therefore, each transporter can have specific activities and the concept of functional redundancy is questionable. Structurally related proteins can mediate all transport steps within the plant, including uptake from the soil. Although transport mechanisms and membrane locations may be different, a picture is emerging that suggests sequence homology can be a reasonable indicator of the nutrient that is transported by each protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Miller
- Centre for Soils and Ecosystem Function, Rothamsted Research, Hertfordshire, UK.
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41
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Xu Z, Zhou Y, Meng C, Guo C, Xu H, Lu W, Gu J, Xiao K. Characterization of promoter expression patterns of OsNrt2.1, a nitrate transporter gene of rice (Oryza sativa L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11703-009-0047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li S, Qian Q, Fu Z, Zeng D, Meng X, Kyozuka J, Maekawa M, Zhu X, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y. Short panicle1 encodes a putative PTR family transporter and determines rice panicle size. Plant J 2009; 58:592-605. [PMID: 19154200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of the rice inflorescence, which is determined mainly by the number and length of primary and secondary inflorescence branches, is of importance in both agronomy and developmental biology. The position and number of primary branches are established during the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, and several of the genes identified as participating in this process do so by regulating the meristemic activities of inflorescence. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism that controls inflorescence branch elongation. Here, we report on a novel rice mutant, short panicle1 (sp1), which is defective in rice panicle elongation, and thus leads to the short-panicle phenotype. Gene cloning and characterization indicate that SP1 encodes a putative transporter that belongs to the peptide transporter (PTR) family. This conclusion is based on the findings that SP1 contains a conserved PTR2 domain consisting of 12 transmembrane domains, and that the SP1-GFP fusion protein is localized in the plasma membrane. The SP1 gene is highly expressed in the phloem of the branches of young panicles, which is consistent with the predicted function of SP1 and the sp1 phenotype. Phylogenetic analysis implies that SP1 might be a nitrate transporter. However, neither nitrate transporter activity nor any other compounds transported by known PTR proteins could be detected in either a Xenopus oocyte or yeast system, in our study, suggesting that SP1 may need other component(s) to be able to function as a transporter, or that it transports unknown substrates in the monocotyledonous rice plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengben Li
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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43
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Brumós J, Colmenero-Flores JM, Conesa A, Izquierdo P, Sánchez G, Iglesias DJ, López-Climent MF, Gómez-Cadenas A, Talón M. Membrane transporters and carbon metabolism implicated in chloride homeostasis differentiate salt stress responses in tolerant and sensitive Citrus rootstocks. Funct Integr Genomics 2009; 9:293-309. [PMID: 19190944 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-008-0107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance in Citrus is strongly related to leaf chloride accumulation. Both chloride homeostasis and specific genetic responses to Cl(-) toxicity are issues scarcely investigated in plants. To discriminate the transcriptomic network related to Cl(-) toxicity and salinity tolerance, we have used two Cl(-) salt treatments (NaCl and KCl) to perform a comparative microarray approach on two Citrus genotypes, the salt-sensitive Carrizo citrange, a poor Cl(-) excluder, and the tolerant Cleopatra mandarin, an efficient Cl(-) excluder. The data indicated that Cl(-) toxicity, rather than Na(+) toxicity and/or the concomitant osmotic perturbation, is the primary factor involved in the molecular responses of citrus plant leaves to salinity. A number of uncharacterized membrane transporter genes, like NRT1-2, were differentially regulated in the tolerant and the sensitive genotypes, suggesting its potential implication in Cl(-) homeostasis. Analyses of enriched functional categories showed that the tolerant rootstock induced wider stress responses in gene expression while repressing central metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and carbon utilization. These features were in agreement with phenotypic changes in the patterns of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance and support the concept that regulation of transpiration and its associated metabolic adjustments configure an adaptive response to salinity that reduces Cl(-) accumulation in the tolerant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Brumós
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Genómica, Ctra Moncada-Náquera Km 4.6, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Almagro A, Lin SH, Tsay YF. Characterization of the Arabidopsis nitrate transporter NRT1.6 reveals a role of nitrate in early embryo development. Plant Cell 2008; 20:3289-99. [PMID: 19050168 PMCID: PMC2630450 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.056788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter NRT1.6 indicated that nitrate is important for early embryo development. Functional analysis of cDNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.6 is a low-affinity nitrate transporter and does not transport dipeptides. RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and beta-glucuronidase reporter gene analysis showed that expression of NRT1.6 is only detectable in reproductive tissue (the vascular tissue of the silique and funiculus) and that expression increases immediately after pollination, suggesting that NRT1.6 is involved in delivering nitrate from maternal tissue to the developing embryo. In nrt1.6 mutants, the amount of nitrate accumulated in mature seeds was reduced and the seed abortion rate increased. In the mutants, abnormalities (i.e., excessive cell division and loss of turgidity), were found mainly in the suspensor cells at the one- or two-cell stages of embryo development. The phenotype of the nrt1.6 mutants revealed a novel role of nitrate in early embryo development. Interestingly, the seed abortion rate of the mutant was reduced when grown under N-deficient conditions, suggesting that nitrate requirements in early embryo development can be modulated in response to external nitrogen changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Almagro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Martín Y, Navarro FJ, Siverio JM. Functional characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter CHL1 in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Plant Mol Biol 2008; 68:215-24. [PMID: 18563586 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CHL1 (AtNRT1.1) is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana, in which phosphorylation at Thr 101 switches CHL1 from low to high nitrate affinity. CHL1 expressed in a Hansenula polymorpha high-affinity nitrate-transporter deficient mutant (Deltaynt1) restores nitrate uptake and growth. These events take place at nitrate concentrations as low as 500 microM, suggesting that CHL1 has a high-affinity for nitrate in yeast. Accordingly, CHL1 expressed in H. polymorpha presents a K(m) for nitrate of about 125 microM. The absence of nitrate, the CHL1 gene inducer, showed the high turnover rate of CHL1 expressed in yeast, which is counteracted by nitrate CHL1 induction. Furthermore, H. polymorpha strains expressing CHL1 become sensitive to 250 microM chlorate, as expected for CHL1 high-affinity behaviour. Given that CHL1 presented high affinity by nitrate, we study the role of CHL1 Thr101 in yeast. Strains producing CHL1Thr101Ala, unable to undergo phosphorylation, and CHL1Thr101Asp, where CHL1 phosphorylation is constitutively mimicked, were used. Yeast strains expressing CHL1Thr101Ala, CHL1Thr101Asp and CHL1 at the same rate showed that Deltaynt1CHL1Thr101Ala is strikingly unable to transport nitrate and contains a very low amount of CHL1 protein; however, Deltaynt1CHL1Thr101Asp restores nitrate uptake and growth, although no significant changes in nitrate affinity were observed. Our results show that CHL1-Thr101 is involved in regulating the levels of CHL1 expressed in yeast and suggest that the phosphorylation of this residue could be involved in targeting this nitrate transporter to the plasma membrane. The functional expression of CHL1 in H. polymorpha reveals that this yeast is a suitable tool for evaluating the real nitrate transport capacity of plant putative nitrate transporters belonging to different families and study their regulation and structure function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusé Martín
- Grupo del Metabolismo del Nitrógeno, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canarias, Spain
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Lin SH, Kuo HF, Canivenc G, Lin CS, Lepetit M, Hsu PK, Tillard P, Lin HL, Wang YY, Tsai CB, Gojon A, Tsay YF. Mutation of the Arabidopsis NRT1.5 nitrate transporter causes defective root-to-shoot nitrate transport. Plant Cell 2008; 20:2514-28. [PMID: 18780802 PMCID: PMC2570733 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular and regulatory mechanisms of long-distance nitrate transport in higher plants. NRT1.5 is one of the 53 Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter NRT1 (Peptide Transporter PTR) genes, of which two members, NRT1.1 (CHL1 for Chlorate resistant 1) and NRT1.2, have been shown to be involved in nitrate uptake. Functional analysis of cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.5 is a low-affinity, pH-dependent bidirectional nitrate transporter. Subcellular localization in plant protoplasts and in planta promoter-beta-glucuronidase analysis, as well as in situ hybridization, showed that NRT1.5 is located in the plasma membrane and is expressed in root pericycle cells close to the xylem. Knockdown or knockout mutations of NRT1.5 reduced the amount of nitrate transported from the root to the shoot, suggesting that NRT1.5 participates in root xylem loading of nitrate. However, root-to-shoot nitrate transport was not completely eliminated in the NRT1.5 knockout mutant, and reduction of NRT1.5 in the nrt1.1 background did not affect root-to-shoot nitrate transport. These data suggest that, in addition to that involving NRT1.5, another mechanism is responsible for xylem loading of nitrate. Further analyses of the nrt1.5 mutants revealed a regulatory loop between nitrate and potassium at the xylem transport step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Hua Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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47
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Abstract
Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are essential nutrients for plant growth and development. However, their contents in soils are limited so that crop production needs to invest a lot for fertilizer supply. To explore the genetic potentialities of crops (or plants) for their nutrient utilization efficiency has been an important research task for many years. In fact, a number of evidences have revealed that plants, during their evolution, have developed many morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptation mechanisms for acquiring nitrate, phosphate and potassium under stress conditions. Recent discoveries of many transporters and channels for nitrate, phosphate and potassium uptake have opened up opportunities to study the molecular regulatory mechanisms for acquisition of these nutrients. This review aims to briefly discuss the genes and gene families for these transporters and channels. In addition, the functions and regulation of some important transporters and channels are particularly emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing 100094, China
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48
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Cerezo M, Camañes G, Flors V, Primo-Millo E, García-Agustín P. Regulation of nitrate transport in citrus rootstocks depending on nitrogen availability. Plant Signal Behav 2007; 2:337-42. [PMID: 19516998 PMCID: PMC2634206 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.5.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that in Citrus plants, nitrate influx through the plasmalemma of roots cells follows a biphasic pattern, suggesting the existence of at least two different uptake systems, a high and low affinity transport system (HATS and LATS, respectively). Here, we describe a novel inducible high affinity transport system (iHATS). This new nitrate transport system has a high capacity to uptake nitrate in two different Citrus rootstocks (Cleopatra mandarin and Troyer citrange). The iHATS was saturable, showing higher affinity than constitutive high affinity transport system (cHATS) to the substrate NO(3) (-). The V(max) for this saturable component iHATS was higher than cHATS, reaching similar values in both rootstocks.Additionally, we studied the regulation of root NO(3) (-) uptake mediated by both HATS (iHATS and cHATS) and LATS. In both rootstocks, cHATS is constitutive and independent of N-status. Concerning the regulation of iHATS, this system is upregulated by NO(3) (-) and down-regulated by the N status and by NO(3) (-) itself when plants are exposed to it for a longer period of time. LATS in Cleopatra mandarin and Troyer citrange rootstocks is repressed by the N-status.The use of various metabolic uncouplers or inhibitors indicated that NO(3) (-) net uptake mediated by iHATS and LATS was an active transport system in both rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cerezo
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Primo-Millo
- Departamento de Citricultura; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
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49
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Wei W, Alexandersson E, Golldack D, Miller AJ, Kjellbom PO, Fricke W. HvPIP1;6, a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plasma membrane water channel particularly expressed in growing compared with non-growing leaf tissues. Plant Cell Physiol 2007; 48:1132-47. [PMID: 17602190 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify water channel(s) which are expressed specifically in the growth zone of grass leaves and may facilitate growth-associated water uptake into cells. Previously, a gene had been described (HvEmip) which encodes a membrane intrinsic protein (MIP) and which is particularly expressed in the base 1 cm of barley primary leaves. The functionality of the encoding protein was not known. In the present study on leaf 3 of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a clone was isolated, termed HvPIP1;6, which has 99% amino acid sequence identity to HvEmip and belongs to the family of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs). Expression of HvPIP1;6 was highest in the elongation zone, where it accounted for >85% of expression of known barley PIP1s. Within the elongation zone, faster grower regions showed higher expression than slower growing regions. Expression of HvPIP1;6 was confined to the epidermis, with some expression in neighboring mesophyll cells. Expression of HvPIP1;6 in Xenopus laevis oocytes increased osmotic water permeability 4- to 6-fold. Water channel activity was inhibited by pre-incubation of oocytes with 50 microM HgCl(2) and increased following incubation with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid or the plant hormone ABA. Plasma membrane preparations were analyzed by Western blots using an antibody that recognized PIP1s. Levels of PIP1s were highest in the elongation and adjacent non-elongation zone. The developmental expression profile of HvPIP2;1, the only known barley water channel belonging to the PIP2 subgroup, was opposite to that of HvPIP1;6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Wei
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Paisley, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
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50
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Tsay YF, Chiu CC, Tsai CB, Ho CH, Hsu PK. Nitrate transporters and peptide transporters. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2290-300. [PMID: 17481610 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In higher plants, two types of nitrate transporters, NRT1 and NRT2, have been identified. In Arabidopsis, there are 53 NRT1 genes and 7 NRT2 genes. NRT2 are high-affinity nitrate transporters, while most members of the NRT1 family are low-affinity nitrate transporters. The exception is CHL1 (AtNRT1.1), which is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter, its mode of action being switched by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of threonine 101. Two of the NRT1 genes, CHL1 and AtNRT1.2, and two of the NRT2 genes, AtNRT2.1 and AtNRT2.2, are known to be involved in nitrate uptake. In addition, AtNRT1.4 is required for petiole nitrate storage. On the other hand, some members of the NRT1 family are dipeptide transporters, called PTRs, which transport a broad spectrum of di/tripeptides. In barley, HvPTR1, expressed in the plasma membrane of scutellar epithelial cells, is involved in mobilizing peptides, produced by hydrolysis of endosperm storage protein, to the developing embryo. In higher plants, there is another family of peptide transporters, called oligopeptide transporters (OPTs), which transport tetra/pentapeptides. In addition, some OPTs transport GSH, GSSH, GSH conjugates, phytochelatins, and metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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