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Li K, Ma L, Lu Z, Yan L, Chen W, Wang B, Xu H, Asemi Z. Apoptosis and heart failure: The role of non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154669. [PMID: 37422971 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a condition that affects the cardio vascular system and occurs if the heart cannot adequately pump the oxygen and blood to the body. Myocardial infarction, reperfusion injury, and this disease is the only a few examples of the numerous cardiovascular illnesses that are impacted by the closely controlled cell deletion process known as apoptosis. Attention has been paid to the creation of alternative diagnostic and treatment modalities for the condition. Recent evidences have shown that some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) influence the stability of proteins, control of transcription factors, and HF apoptosis through a variety of methods. Exosomes make a significant paracrine contribution to the regulation of illnesses as well as to the communication between nearby and distant organs. However, it has not yet been determined whether exosomes regulate the cardiomyocyte-tumor cell interaction in ischemia HF to limit the vulnerability of malignancy to ferroptosis. Here, we list the numerous ncRNAs in HF that are connected to apoptosis. In addition, we emphasize the significance of exosomal ncRNAs in the HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketao Li
- Department of cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Hangzhou Heyunjia Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhe'jiang 310000, China
| | - Laixing Yan
- Department of cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Wan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiulongpo First People's Hospital, Chongqing 400051, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of cardiology, Zouping People's Hospital, Zouping, Shandong 256299, China
| | - Huiju Xu
- Department of cardiology, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhe'jiang 311215, China.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Luo ZH, Ma JX, Zhang W, Tian AX, Gong SW, Li Y, Lai YX, Ma XL. Alterations in the microenvironment and the effects produced of TRPV5 in osteoporosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:327. [PMID: 37198647 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves multiple factors, among which alterations in the bone microenvironment play a crucial role in disrupting normal bone metabolic balance. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), a member of the TRPV family, is an essential determinant of the bone microenvironment, acting at multiple levels to influence its properties. TRPV5 exerts a pivotal influence on bone through the regulation of calcium reabsorption and transportation while also responding to steroid hormones and agonists. Although the metabolic consequences of osteoporosis, such as loss of bone calcium, reduced mineralization capacity, and active osteoclasts, have received significant attention, this review focuses on the changes in the osteoporotic microenvironment and the specific effects of TRPV5 at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Luo
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xiong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xue Yuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xian Tian
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wei Gong
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xue Yuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Joshi R, Pohl P, Strachotova D, Herman P, Obsil T, Obsilova V. Nedd4-2 binding to 14-3-3 modulates the accessibility of its catalytic site and WW domains. Biophys J 2022; 121:1299-1311. [PMID: 35189105 PMCID: PMC9034186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cells expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4-2 (Nedd4-2), a homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) ubiquitin ligase, triggers the endocytosis and degradation of its downstream target molecules by regulating signal transduction through interactions with other targets, including 14-3-3 proteins. In our previous study, we found that 14-3-3 binding induces a structural rearrangement of Nedd4-2 by inhibiting interactions between its structured domains. Here, we used time-resolved fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decay measurements, together with fluorescence quenching and mass spectrometry, to further characterize interactions between Nedd4-2 and 14-3-3 proteins. The results showed that 14-3-3 binding affects the emission properties of AEDANS-labeled WW3, WW4, and, to a lesser extent, WW2 domains, and reduces their mobility, but not those of the WW1 domain, which remains mobile. In contrast, 14-3-3 binding has the opposite effect on the active site of the HECT domain, which is more solvent exposed and mobile in the complexed form than in the apo form of Nedd4-2. Overall, our results suggest that steric hindrance of the WW3 and WW4 domains combined with conformational changes in the catalytic domain may account for the 14-3-3 binding-mediated regulation of Nedd4-2.
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Wang Y, Pan W, Bai X, Wang X, Wang Y, Yin Y. microRNA-454-mediated NEDD4-2/TrkA/cAMP axis in heart failure: Mechanisms and cardioprotective implications. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5082-5098. [PMID: 33949117 PMCID: PMC8178253 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which miR-454 influences the progression of heart failure (HF) in relation to the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4-2 (NEDD4-2)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)/cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) axis. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a HF animal model via ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. The cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were treated with H2 O2 to stimulate oxidative stress injury in vitro. RT-qPCR and Western blot assay were subsequently performed to determine the expression patterns of miR-454, NEDD4-2, TrkA, apoptosis-related proteins and cAMP pathway markers. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay coupled with co-immunoprecipitation was performed to elucidate the relationship between miR-454, NEDD4-2 and TrkA. Gain- or loss-of-function experiments as well as rescue experiments were conducted via transient transfection (in vitro) and adenovirus infection (in vivo) to examine their respective functions on H9c2 cell apoptosis and myocardial damage. Our results suggested that miR-454 was aberrantly downregulated in the context of HF, while evidence was obtained suggesting that it targeted NEDD4-2 to downregulate NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes. miR-454 exerted anti-apoptotic and protective effects on cardiomyocytes through inhibition of NEDD4-2, while NEDD4-2 stimulated ubiquitination and degradation of TrkA protein. Furthermore, miR-454 activated the cAMP pathway via the NEDD4-2/TrkA axis, which ultimately suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuated myocardial damage. Taken together, the key findings of the current study highlight the cardioprotective role of miR-454, which is achieved through activation of the cAMP pathway by impairing NEDD4-2-induced TrkA ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Estadella I, Pedrós-Gámez O, Colomer-Molera M, Bosch M, Sorkin A, Felipe A. Endocytosis: A Turnover Mechanism Controlling Ion Channel Function. Cells 2020; 9:E1833. [PMID: 32759790 PMCID: PMC7463639 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels (IChs) are transmembrane proteins that selectively drive ions across membranes. The function of IChs partially relies on their abundance and proper location in the cell, fine-tuned by the delicate balance between secretory, endocytic, and degradative pathways. The disruption of this balance is associated with several diseases, such as Liddle's and long QT syndromes. Because of the vital role of these proteins in human health and disease, knowledge of ICh turnover is essential. Clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms have been the primary mechanisms identified with ICh endocytosis and degradation. Several molecular determinants recognized by the cellular internalization machinery have been discovered. Moreover, specific conditions can trigger the endocytosis of many IChs, such as the activation of certain receptors, hypokalemia, and some drugs. Ligand-dependent receptor activation primarily results in the posttranslational modification of IChs and the recruitment of important mediators, such as β-arrestins and ubiquitin ligases. However, endocytosis is not a final fate. Once internalized into endosomes, IChs are either sorted to lysosomes for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. Rab proteins are crucial participants during these turnover steps. In this review, we describe the major ICh endocytic pathways, the signaling inputs triggering ICh internalization, and the key mediators of this essential cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Estadella
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Oriol Pedrós-Gámez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Magalí Colomer-Molera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Manel Bosch
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
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Uchiyama M, Nakao A, Kurita Y, Fukushi I, Takeda K, Numata T, Tran HN, Sawamura S, Ebert M, Kurokawa T, Sakaguchi R, Stokes AJ, Takahashi N, Okada Y, Mori Y. O 2-Dependent Protein Internalization Underlies Astrocytic Sensing of Acute Hypoxia by Restricting Multimodal TRPA1 Channel Responses. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3378-3396.e7. [PMID: 32679097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia sensors are essential for regulating local oxygen (O2) homeostasis within the body. This is especially pertinent within the CNS, which is particularly vulnerable to O2 deprivation due to high energetic demand. Here, we reveal hypoxia-monitoring function exerted by astrocytes through an O2-regulated protein trafficking mechanism within the CNS. Strikingly, cultured mouse astrocytes isolated from the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) and retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) region are capable of rapidly responding to moderate hypoxia via the sensor cation channel transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 but, unlike multimodal sensory neurons, are inert to hyperoxia and other TRPA1 activators (carbon dioxide, electrophiles, and oxidants) in normoxia. Mechanistically, O2 suppresses TRPA1 channel activity by protein internalization via O2-dependent proline hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitination by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, NEDD4-1 (neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4). Hypoxia inhibits this process and instantly accumulates TRPA1 proteins at the plasma membrane, inducing TRPA1-mediated Ca2+ influx that triggers ATP release from pFRG/RTN astrocytes, potentiating respiratory center activity. Furthermore, astrocyte-specific Trpa1 disruption in a mouse brainstem-spinal cord preparation impedes the amplitude augmentation of the central autonomic respiratory output during hypoxia. Thus, reversible coupling of the TRPA1 channels with O2-dependent protein translocation allows astrocytes to act as acute hypoxia sensors in the medullary respiratory center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akito Nakao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Isato Fukushi
- Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Uekusa Gakuen University, Chiba 264-0007, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Healthcare, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ha Nam Tran
- Department of Technology and Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Seishiro Sawamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Maximilian Ebert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; World Premier International Research Initiative Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Alexander J Stokes
- Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okada
- Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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He H, Huang C, Chen Z, Huang H, Wang X, Chen J. An outlined review for the role of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 in lung disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109983. [PMID: 32092816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2) is a member of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase family. It has been shown to mediate numerous pathophysiological processes, including the regulation of synaptic plasticity and Wnt-associated signaling, via promoting the ubiquitination of its substrates, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazo-lepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), and Dishevelled2 (Dvl2). In the respiratory system, both Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 are expressed in epithelial cells and functionally associated with lung cancer development and alveolar fluid regulation. Nedd4-1 mediates lung cancer migration, metastasis, or drug resistance mainly through inducing phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromsome ten (PTEN) degradation or promoting cathepsin B secretion. Unlike Nedd4-1, Nedd4-2 displays more complex effects in lung cancers. On one hand it suppresses lung cancer cell migration and metastasis, and on the other hand it has been shown to promote lung cancer survival via inducing general control nonrepressed 2 (GCN2) degradation. Another important function of Nedd4-2 is to regulate the activity of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a membrane channel which mediates the clearance of fluid from the alveolar space at birth or during pulmonary edema. Here, we make an outlined review for the expression and function of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 in the respiratory system in hope of getting an in-depth insight into their roles in lung disorders.
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Christakos S, Li S, De La Cruz J, Shroyer NF, Criss ZK, Verzi MP, Fleet JC. Vitamin D and the intestine: Review and update. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 196:105501. [PMID: 31655181 PMCID: PMC6954280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The central role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis is to increase calcium absorption from the intestine. This article describes the early work that served as the foundation for the initial model of vitamin D mediated calcium absorption. In addition, other research related to the role of vitamin D in the intestine, including those which have challenged the traditional model and the crucial role of specific calcium transport proteins, are reviewed. More recent work identifying novel targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 action in the intestine and highlighting the importance of 1,25(OH)2D3 action across the proximal/distal and crypt/villus axes in the intestine is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jessica De La Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zachary K Criss
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Dhawan P, Veldurthy V, Yehia G, Hsaio C, Porta A, Kim KI, Patel N, Lieben L, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G, Christakos S. Transgenic Expression of the Vitamin D Receptor Restricted to the Ileum, Cecum, and Colon of Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice Rescues Vitamin D Receptor-Dependent Rickets. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3792-3804. [PMID: 28938396 PMCID: PMC5695835 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the intestine plays the major role in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] action on calcium homeostasis, the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. The established model of 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated intestinal calcium absorption postulates a critical role for the duodenum. However, the distal intestine is where 70% to 80% of ingested calcium is absorbed. To test directly the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the distal intestine, three independent knockout (KO)/transgenic (TG) lines expressing VDR exclusively in the ileum, cecum, and colon were generated by breeding VDR KO mice with TG mice expressing human VDR (hVDR) under the control of the 9.5-kb caudal type homeobox 2 promoter. Mice from one TG line (KO/TG3) showed low VDR expression in the distal intestine (<50% of the levels observed in KO/TG1, KO/TG2, and wild-type mice). In the KO/TG mice, hVDR was not expressed in the duodenum, jejunum, kidney, or other tissues. Growth arrest, elevated parathyroid hormone level, and hypocalcemia of the VDR KO mice were prevented in mice from KO/TG lines 1 and 2. Microcomputed tomography analysis revealed that the expression of hVDR in the distal intestine of KO/TG1 and KO/TG2 mice rescued the bone defects associated with systemic VDR deficiency, including growth plate abnormalities and altered trabecular and cortical parameters. KO/TG3 mice showed rickets, but less severely than VDR KO mice. These findings show that expression of VDR exclusively in the distal intestine can prevent abnormalities in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization associated with systemic VDR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Vaishali Veldurthy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Ghassan Yehia
- The Genome Editing Core Facility, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Connie Hsaio
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Angela Porta
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Ki-in Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Liesbet Lieben
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
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Xu D, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Liu C, You G. PKC/Nedd4-2 Signaling Pathway Regulates the Cell Surface Expression of Drug Transporter hOAT1. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:887-895. [PMID: 28572241 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human organic anion transporter-1 (hOAT1) regulates the absorption, distribution, and excretion of a wide range of clinically important drugs. Our previous work demonstrated that hOAT1 is a dynamic membrane transporter, constitutively internalizing from and recycling back to the cell plasma membrane. Short-term activation (<30 minutes) of protein kinase C (PKC) promotes the attachment of a lysine 48-linked polyubiquitin chain to hOAT1, a process catalyzed by ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2). The ubiquitination of hOAT1 then triggers an accelerated endocytosis of the transporter from plasma membrane, which results in reduced hOAT1 expression at the cell surface and decreased hOAT1 transport activity. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effect of PKC on hOAT1. We showed that long-term activation (>2 hours) of PKC significantly enhanced hOAT1 degradation, and such action was partially blocked by ubiquitin mutant Ub-K48R, which has its lysine (K) 48 mutated to arginine (R) and is incapable of forming a K48-linked polyubiquitin chain. The ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 was also found to augment hOAT1 degradation. These results suggest that PKC-regulated and Nedd4-2-catalyzed attachment of a lysine 48-linked polyubiquitin chain to hOAT1 is important for hOAT1 stability. We further showed through coimmunoprecipitation experiments that there was a direct association between hOAT1 and Nedd4-2, and such interaction was weakened when the WW3 and WW4 domains of the ligase were mutated. Mutating WW3 and WW4 domains of the ligase also impaired its ability to ubiquitinate hOAT1. Therefore, WW3 and WW4 domains of Nedd4-2 are critical for its association with and modulation of the transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Yunzhou Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chenchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Radhakrishnan VM, Gilpatrick MM, Parsa NA, Kiela PR, Ghishan FK. Expression of Cav1.3 calcium channel in the human and mouse colon: posttranscriptional inhibition by IFNγ. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G77-G84. [PMID: 27932504 PMCID: PMC5283901 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00394.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that apically expressed L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.3 (encoded by CACNA1D gene) contributes toward an alternative TRPV6-independent route of intestinal epithelial Ca2+ absorption, especially during digestion when high luminal concentration of Ca2+ and other nutrients limit TRPV6 contribution. We and others have implicated altered expression and activity of key mediators of intestinal and renal Ca2+ (re)absorption as contributors to negative systemic Ca2+ balance and bone loss in intestinal inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of experimental colitis and related inflammatory mediators on colonic Cav1.3 expression. We confirmed Cav1.3 expression within the segments of the mouse and human gastrointestinal tract. Consistent with available microarray data (GEO database) from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, mouse colonic expression of Cav1.3 was significantly reduced in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis. In vitro, IFNγ most potently reduced Cav1.3 expression. We reproduced these findings in vivo with wild-type and Stat1-/- mice injected with IFNγ. The observed effect in Stat1-/- suggested a noncanonical transcriptional repression or a posttranscriptional mechanism. In support of the latter, we observed no effect on the cloned Cav1.3 gene promoter activity and accelerated Cav1.3 mRNA decay rate in IFNγ-treated HCT116 cells. While the relative contribution of Cav1.3 to intestinal Ca2+ absorption and its value as a therapeutic target remain to be established, we postulate that Cav1.3 downregulation in IBD may contribute to the negative systemic Ca2+ balance, to increased bone resorption, and to reduced bone mineral density in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nour Alhoda Parsa
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Pawel R. Kiela
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and ,2Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
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13
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Xu D, Wang H, Gardner C, Pan Z, Zhang PL, Zhang J, You G. The role of Nedd4-1 WW domains in binding and regulating human organic anion transporter 1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F320-9. [PMID: 27226107 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00153.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1), expressed at the basolateral membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells, mediates the active renal secretion of a diverse array of clinically important drugs, including anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapeutics, antitumor drugs, antibiotics, antihypertensives, and anti-inflammatories. We have previously demonstrated that posttranslational modification of hOAT1 by ubiquitination is an important mechanism for the regulation of this transporter. The present study aimed at identifying the ubiquitin ligase for hOAT1 and its mechanism of action. We showed that overexpression of neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated (Nedd)4-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, enhanced hOAT1 ubiquitination, decreased hOAT1 expression at the cell surface, and inhibited hOAT1 transport activity. In contrast, overexpression of the ubiquitin ligase-dead mutant Nedd4-1/C867S was without effects on hOAT1. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenously expressed Nedd4-1 by Nedd4-1-specific small interfering RNA reduced hOAT1 ubiquitination. Immunoprecipitation experiments in cultured cells and rat kidney slices and immunofluorescence experiments in rat kidney slices showed that there was a physical interaction between OAT1 and Nedd4-1. Nedd4-1 contains four protein-protein interacting WW domains. When these WW domains were inactivated by mutating two amino acid residues in each of the four WW domains (Mut-WW1: V210W/H212G, Mut-WW2: V367W/H369G, Mut-WW3: I440W/H442G, and Mut-WW4: I492W/H494G, respectively), only Mut-WW2 and Mut-WW3 significantly lost their ability to bind and to ubiquitinate hOAT1. As a result, Mut-WW2 and Mut-WW3 were unable to suppress hOAT1-mediated transport as effectively as wild-type Nedd4-1. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that Nedd4-1 regulates hOAT1 ubiquitination, expression, and transport activity through its WW2 and WW3 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Haoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Carol Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Zui Pan
- Thoracic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Ping L Zhang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey;
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14
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Christakos S, Dhawan P, Verstuyf A, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G. Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:365-408. [PMID: 26681795 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1013] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is the hormonally active form of vitamin D. The genomic mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 action involves the direct binding of the 1,25(OH)2D3 activated vitamin D receptor/retinoic X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimeric complex to specific DNA sequences. Numerous VDR co-regulatory proteins have been identified, and genome-wide studies have shown that the actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 involve regulation of gene activity at a range of locations many kilobases from the transcription start site. The structure of the liganded VDR/RXR complex was recently characterized using cryoelectron microscopy, X-ray scattering, and hydrogen deuterium exchange. These recent technological advances will result in a more complete understanding of VDR coactivator interactions, thus facilitating cell and gene specific clinical applications. Although the identification of mechanisms mediating VDR-regulated transcription has been one focus of recent research in the field, other topics of fundamental importance include the identification and functional significance of proteins involved in the metabolism of vitamin D. CYP2R1 has been identified as the most important 25-hydroxylase, and a critical role for CYP24A1 in humans was noted in studies showing that inactivating mutations in CYP24A1 are a probable cause of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. In addition, studies using knockout and transgenic mice have provided new insight on the physiological role of vitamin D in classical target tissues as well as evidence of extraskeletal effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 including inhibition of cancer progression, effects on the cardiovascular system, and immunomodulatory effects in certain autoimmune diseases. Some of the mechanistic findings in mouse models have also been observed in humans. The identification of similar pathways in humans could lead to the development of new therapies to prevent and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
A number of different ion channel types are involved in cell signaling networks, and homeostatic regulatory mechanisms contribute to the control of ion channel expression. Profiling of global gene expression using microarray technology has recently provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the homeostatic and pathological control of ion channel expression. It has demonstrated that the dysregulation of ion channel expression is associated with the pathogenesis of neural, cardiovascular, and immune diseases as well as cancers. In addition to the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation of ion channels, potentially important evidence on the mechanisms controlling ion channel expression has recently been accumulated. The regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing is therefore a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of dominant-negative splicing disorders. Epigenetic modification plays a key role in various pathological conditions through the regulation of pluripotency genes. Inhibitors of pre-mRNA splicing and histone deacetyalase/methyltransferase have potential as potent therapeutic drugs for cancers and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, membrane-anchoring proteins, lysosomal and proteasomal degradation-related molecules, auxiliary subunits, and pharmacological agents alter the protein folding, membrane trafficking, and post-translational modifications of ion channels, and are linked to expression-defect channelopathies. In this review, we focused on recent insights into the transcriptional, spliceosomal, epigenetic, and proteasomal regulation of ion channel expression: Ca(2+) channels (TRPC/TRPV/TRPM/TRPA/Orai), K(+) channels (voltage-gated, KV/Ca(2+)-activated, KCa/two-pore domain, K2P/inward-rectifier, Kir), and Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (TMEM16A/TMEM16B). Furthermore, this review highlights expression of these ion channels in expression-defect channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatano
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a key constituent in a myriad of physiological processes from intracellular signalling to the mineralization of bone. As a consequence, Ca(2+) is maintained within narrow limits when circulating in plasma. This is accomplished via regulated interplay between intestinal absorption, renal tubular reabsorption, and exchange with bone. Many studies have focused on the highly regulated active transcellular transport pathways for Ca(2+) from the duodenum of the intestine and the distal nephron of the kidney. However, comparatively little work has examined the molecular constituents creating the paracellular shunt across intestinal and renal epithelium, the transport pathway responsible for the majority of transepithelial Ca(2+) flux. More specifically, passive paracellular Ca(2+) absorption occurs across the majority of the intestine in addition to the renal proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Importantly, recent studies demonstrated that Ca(2+) transport through the paracellular shunt is significantly regulated. Therefore, we have summarized the evidence for different modes of paracellular Ca(2+) flux across renal and intestinal epithelia and highlighted recent molecular insights into both the mechanism of secondarily active paracellular Ca(2+) movement and the identity of claudins that permit the passage of Ca(2+) through the tight junction of these epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Todd Alexander
- a Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alberta, 4-585 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
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17
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
TRPV5 is one of the two channels in the TRPV family that exhibit high selectivity to Ca(2+) ions. TRPV5 mediates Ca(2+) influx into cells as the first step to transport Ca(2+) across epithelia. The specialized distribution in the distal tubule of the kidney positions TRPV5 as a key player in Ca(2+) reabsorption. The responsiveness in expression and/or activity of TRPV5 to hormones such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone makes TRPV5 suitable for its role in the fine-tuning of Ca(2+) reabsorption. This role is further optimized by the modulation of TRPV5 trafficking and activity via its binding partners; co-expressed proteins; tubular factors such as calbindin-D28k, calmodulin, klotho, uromodulin, and plasmin; extracellular and intracellular factors such as proton, Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; and fluid flow. These regulations allow TRPV5 to adjust its overall activity in response to the body's demand for Ca(2+) and to prevent kidney stone formation. A point mutation in mouse Trpv5 gene leads to hypercalciuria similar to Trpv5 knockout mice, suggesting a possible role of TRPV5 in hypercalciuric disorders in humans. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms in Trpv5 gene prevalently present in African descents may contribute to the efficient renal Ca(2+) reabsorption among African descendants. TRPV5 represents a potential therapeutic target for disorders with altered Ca(2+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Na
- Cell Collection and Research Center, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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19
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Radhakrishnan VM, Ramalingam R, Larmonier CB, Thurston RD, Laubitz D, Midura-Kiela MT, McFadden RMT, Kuro-o M, Kiela PR, Ghishan FK. Post-translational loss of renal TRPV5 calcium channel expression, Ca(2+) wasting, and bone loss in experimental colitis. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:613-24. [PMID: 23747339 PMCID: PMC3755094 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysregulated Ca(2+) homeostasis likely contributes to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease-associated loss of bone mineral density. Experimental colitis leads to decreased expression of Klotho, a protein that supports renal Ca(2+) reabsorption by stabilizing the transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) channel on the apical membrane of distal tubule epithelial cells. METHODS Colitis was induced in mice via administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or transfer of CD4(+)interleukin-10(-/-) and CD4(+), CD45RB(hi) T cells. We investigated changes in bone metabolism, renal processing of Ca(2+), and expression of TRPV5. RESULTS Mice with colitis had normal serum levels of Ca(2+) and parathormone. Computed tomography analysis showed a decreased density of cortical and trabecular bone, and there was biochemical evidence for reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. Increased fractional urinary excretion of Ca(2+) was accompanied by reduced levels of TRPV5 protein in distal convoluted tubules, with a concomitant increase in TRPV5 sialylation. In mouse renal intermedullary collecting duct epithelial (mIMCD3) cells transduced with TRPV5 adenovirus, the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, and interleukin-1β reduced levels of TRPV5 on the cell surface, leading to its degradation. Cytomix induced interaction between TRPV5 and UBR4 (Ubiquitin recoginition 4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase; knockdown of UBR4 with small interfering RNAs prevented cytomix-induced degradation of TRPV5. The effects of cytokines on TRPV5 were not observed in cells stably transfected with membrane-bound Klotho; TRPV5 expression was preserved when colitis was induced with TNBS in transgenic mice that overexpressed Klotho or in mice with T-cell transfer colitis injected with soluble recombinant Klotho. CONCLUSIONS After induction of colitis in mice via TNBS administration or T-cell transfer, tumor necrosis factor and interferon-γ reduced the expression and activity of Klotho, which otherwise would protect TRPV5 from hypersialylation and cytokine-induced TRPV5 endocytosis, UBR4-dependent ubiquitination, degradation, and urinary wasting of Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - R. Ramalingam
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - C. B. Larmonier
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - R. D. Thurston
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - D. Laubitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - M. T. Midura-Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - R-M. T. McFadden
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724,School of Dentistry, Oral Biology Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - P. R. Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1656 E. Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona, 85724
| | - F. K. Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724
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Wu G, Peng JB. Disease-causing mutations in KLHL3 impair its effect on WNK4 degradation. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1717-22. [PMID: 23665031 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in with-no-lysine (K) kinase 4 (WNK4) and a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex component kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) both cause pseudohypoaldosteronism II (PHAII), a hereditary form of hypertension. We determined whether WNK4 or its effector is regulated by KLHL3 in Xenopus oocytes. KLHL3 inhibited the positive effect of WNK4 on Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) by decreasing WNK4 protein abundance without decreasing that of NCC and the downstream kinase OSR1 directly. Ubiquitination and degradation of WNK4 were induced by KLHL3. The effect of KLHL3 on WNK4 degradation was blocked by a dominant negative form of cullin 3. All five PHAII mutations of KLHL3 tested disrupted the regulation on WNK4. We conclude that KLHL3 is a substrate adaptor for WNK4 in a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Wu
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA
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21
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Wolf MTF, Wu XR, Huang CL. Uromodulin upregulates TRPV5 by impairing caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Kidney Int 2013; 84:130-7. [PMID: 23466996 PMCID: PMC3700562 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Uromodulin (UMOD) is synthesized in the thick ascending limb and secreted into urine as the most abundant protein. Association studies in humans suggest protective effects of UMOD against calcium-containing kidney stones. Mice carrying mutations of Umod found in human uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UAKD) and Umod deficient mice exhibit hypercalciuria. The mechanism for UMOD regulation of urinary Ca2+ excretion is incompletely understood. We examined if UMOD regulates TRPV5 and TRPV6, channels critical for renal transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption. Coexpression with UMOD increased whole-cell TRPV5 current density in HEK293 cells. In biotinylation studies UMOD increased TRPV5 cell-surface abundance. Extracellular application of purified UMOD upregulated TRPV5 current density within physiological relevant concentration ranges. UMOD exerted a similar effect on TRPV6. TRPV5 undergoes constitutive caveolin-mediated endocytosis. UMOD had no effect on TRPV5 in a caveolin-1 deficient cell line. Expression of recombinant caveolin-1 in these cells restored the ability of UMOD to upregulate TRPV5. Secretion of UAKD-mutant UMOD was markedly reduced and coexpression of mutant UMOD with TRPV5 failed to increase its current. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated lower TRPV5 expression in Umod−/− mice compared to wild-type. UMOD upregulates TRPV5 by acting from extracellular and by decreasing endocytosis of TRPV5. The stimulation of Ca2+ reabsorption via TRPV5 by UMOD may contribute to protection against kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9063, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Calcium balance is essential for a multitude of physiological processes, ranging from cell signaling to maintenance of bone health. Adequate intestinal absorption of calcium is a major factor for maintaining systemic calcium homeostasis. Recent observations indicate that a reduction of gastric acidity may impair effective calcium uptake through the intestine. This article reviews the physiology of gastric acid secretion, intestinal calcium absorption, and their respective neuroendocrine regulation and explores the physiological basis of a potential link between these individual systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kopic
- Department of Surgery and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Mia S, Munoz C, Pakladok T, Siraskar G, Voelkl J, Alesutan I, Lang F. Downregulation of Kv1.5 K channels by the AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:1039-50. [PMID: 23221389 DOI: 10.1159/000341480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The voltage gated K(+) channel Kv1.5 participates in the repolarization of a wide variety of cell types. Kv1.5 is downregulated during hypoxia, which is known to stimulate the energy-sensing AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a powerful regulator of nutrient transport and metabolism. Moreover, AMPK is known to downregulate several ion channels, an effect at least in part due to stimulation of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4- 2. The present study explored whether AMPK regulates Kv1.5. METHODS cRNA encoding Kv1.5 was injected into Xenopus oocytes with and without additional injection of wild-type AMPK (α1 β 1γ1), of constitutively active (γR70Q)AMPK (α1 β 1γ1(R70Q)), of inactive mutant (αK45R)AMPK (α1(K45R)β1γ1), or of Nedd4-2. Kv1.5 activity was determined by two-electrode voltage-clamp. Moreover, Kv1.5 protein abundance in the cell membrane was determined by chemiluminescence and immunostaining with subsequent confocal microscopy. RESULTS Coexpression of wild-type AMPK(WT) and constitutively active AMPK(γR70Q), but not of inactive AMPK(αK45R) significantly reduced Kv1.5-mediated currents. Coexpression of constitutively active AMPKγR70Q further reduced Kv1.5 K(+) channel protein abundance in the cell membrane. Co-expression of Nedd4-2 similarly downregulated Kv1.5-mediated currents. CONCLUSION AMPK is a potent regulator of Kv1.5. AMPK inhibits Kv1.5 presumably in part by activation of Nedd4- 2 with subsequent clearance of channel protein from the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobuj Mia
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a Cl(-) channel in airway epithelial cells, plays an important role in maintaining the volume of the airway surface liquid and therefore mucociliary clearance of respiratory pathogens. A recent study has shown that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Neural precursor cells expressed developmentally downregulated (Nedd4-2) ubiquitinates ΔF508-CFTR in pancreatic epithelial cells and that siRNA-mediated silencing of Nedd4-2 increases plasma membrane ΔF508-CFTR. Because the role of Nedd4-2 in regulating wild-type (wt)-CFTR in airway epithelial cells is unknown, studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that Nedd4-2 also ubiquitinates wt-CFTR and regulates its plasma membrane abundance. We found that Nedd4-2 did not affect wt-CFTR Cl(-) currents in Xenopus oocytes. Likewise, overexpression of Nedd4-2 in human airway epithelial cells did not alter the amount of ubiquitinated wt-CFTR. siRNA knockdown of Nedd4-2 in human airway epithelial cells had no effect on ubiquitination or apical plasma membrane abundance of wt-CFTR. Thus Nedd4-2 does not ubiquitinate and thereby regulate wt-CFTR in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koeppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 604 Remsen, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Koo TH, Yang H, An BS, Choi KC, Hyun SH, Jeung EB. Calcium transport genes are differently regulated in maternal and fetal placenta in the knockout mice of calbindin-D(9k) and -D(28k). Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:346-55. [PMID: 22407925 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calbindin-D(9k) (CaBP-9k) and -D(28k) (CaBP-28k) are cytosolic proteins with EF-hand motifs that have a high affinity for calcium ions. Many types of calcium channels and intracellular calcium binding proteins, such as sodium/calcium exchangers (NCXs) and transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPVs), have been detected in the placenta. In this study, the expression of calcium channels involved in maternal-fetal calcium transport were investigated in wild-type mice versus CaBP-9k, CaBP-28k, and CaBP-9k/28k double knockout (KO) mouse models. The expression of calcium transport genes in three dissected sections of the placenta (maternal, central, and fetal) was examined on gestational day 19 (GD 19). The expression of CaBP-9k, TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 mRNA was high in fetal compared to maternal placenta, while CaBP-28k was abundant in the maternal placenta. CaBP-9k was enhanced in all sections of placenta in CaBP-28k KO mice, whereas CaBP-28k was reduced in CaBP-9k KO mice. The expression of TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 were induced in both maternal and fetal placentas in CaBP-9k KO mice, but were upregulated in maternal and central placentas of CaBP-28k KO mice. The levels of these proteins showed similar patterns with those of their mRNA. Placental CaBP-9k, TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 proteins were abundantly expressed in the intraplacental yolk sac located in the fetal placenta. CaBP-28k did not colocalize with other calcium transport genes, although it was enriched in the placental trophoblasts of the decidual zone in the maternal placenta. These results indicate that placental TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 compensate for CaBPs in CaBP-9k and/or CaBP-28k KO mice, and may take over the roles of CaBP-9k and CaBP-28k to transfer calcium ions in the placenta. Taken together, these results indicate that TRPV6, NCX1, and CaBP-9k in the fetal placenta and CaBP-28k in the maternal placenta may play key roles in controlling calcium transport across the placenta during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyoung Koo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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26
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Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is the major controlling hormone of intestinal calcium absorption. As the body's demand for calcium increases from a diet deficient in calcium, from growth, pregnancy or lactation, the synthesis of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is increased resulting in the stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption. However a complete description of the molecular mechanisms involved in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulated calcium absorptive process remains incomplete. Intestinal calcium absorption occurs by both an active saturable transcellular pathway and a passive nonsaturable paracellular pathway. Each step in the process of transcellular calcium transport (apical entry of calcium, translocation of calcium through the interior of the enterocyte and basolateral extrusion of calcium by the plasma membrane pump) has been reported to involve a vitamin D dependent component. This article will review recent studies, including those using knockout mice, that have suggested that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) mediated calcium absorption is more complex than the traditional three step model of transcellular calcium transport. Current concepts are reviewed and questions that remain are addressed. Evidence for a role of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the regulation of the paracellular pathway is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07013, USA.
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Wu G, Zhang W, Na T, Jing H, Wu H, Peng JB. Suppression of intestinal calcium entry channel TRPV6 by OCRL, a lipid phosphatase associated with Lowe syndrome and Dent disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1479-91. [PMID: 22378746 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00277.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) gene product is a phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)] 5-phosphatase, and mutations of OCRL cause Lowe syndrome and Dent disease, both of which are frequently associated with hypercalciuria. Transient receptor potential, vanilloid subfamily, subtype 6 (TRPV6) is an intestinal epithelial Ca(2+) channel mediating active Ca(2+) absorption. Hyperabsorption of Ca(2+) was found in patients of Dent disease with increased Ca(2+) excretion. In this study, we tested whether TRPV6 is regulated by OCRL and, if so, to what extent it is altered by Dent-causing OCRL mutations using Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. Exogenous OCRL decreased TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) uptake by regulating the function and trafficking of TRPV6 through different domains of OCRL. The PI(4,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase domain suppressed the TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) transport likely through regulating the PI(4,5)P(2) level needed for TRPV6 function without affecting TRPV6 protein abundance of TRPV6 at the cell surface. The forward trafficking of TRPV6 was decreased by OCRL. The Rab binding domain in OCRL was involved in regulating the trafficking of TRPV6. Knocking down endogenous X. laevis OCRL by antisense approach increased TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) transport and TRPV6 forward trafficking. All seven Dent-causing OCRL mutations examined exhibited alleviation of the inhibitory effect on TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) transport together with decreased overall PI(4,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase activity. In conclusion, OCRL suppresses TRPV6 via two separate mechanisms. The disruption of PI(4,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase activity by Dent-causing mutations of OCRL may lead to increased intestinal Ca(2+) absorption and, in turn, hypercalciuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Wu
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA
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28
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Na T, Wu G, Peng JB. Disease-causing mutations in the acidic motif of WNK4 impair the sensitivity of WNK4 kinase to calcium ions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:293-8. [PMID: 22342722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
WNK4 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a Mendelian form disorder featuring hypertension and hyperkalemia. Most of the PHAII-causing mutations are clustered in an acidic motif rich in negatively charged residues. It is unclear, however, whether these mutations affect the kinase activity in any way. In this study, we isolated kinase domain of WNK4 produced by Escherichia coli, and demonstrated its ability to phosphorylate the oxidative stress-responsive kinase-1 (OSR1) and the thiazide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) in vitro. Threonine 48 was identified as the WNK4 phosphorylation site at mouse NCC. The phospho-mimicking T48D mutant of mouse NCC increased its protein abundance and Na(+) uptake, and also enhanced the phosphorylation at the N-terminal region of NCC by OSR1. When the acidic motif was included in the WNK4 kinase construct, the kinase activity of WNK4 exhibited sensitivity to Ca(2+) ions with the highest activity at Ca(2+) concentration around 1 μM using kinase-inactive OSR1 as a substrate. All tested PHAII-causing mutations at the acidic motif exhibited impaired Ca(2+) sensitivity. Our results suggest that these PHAII-causing mutations disrupt a Ca(2+)-sensing mechanism around the acidic motif necessary for the regulation of WNK4 kinase activity by Ca(2+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Na
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA
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29
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Christakos S. Recent advances in our understanding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:73-6. [PMID: 22230327 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is required for many cellular processes including muscle contraction, nerve pulse transmission, stimulus secretion coupling and bone formation. The principal source of new calcium to meet these essential functions is from the diet. Intestinal absorption of calcium occurs by an active transcellular path and by a non-saturable paracellular path. The major factor influencing intestinal calcium absorption is vitamin D and more specifically the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)). This article emphasizes studies that have provided new insight related to the mechanisms involved in the intestinal actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The following are discussed: recent studies, including those using knock out mice, that suggest that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) mediated calcium absorption is more complex than the traditional transcellular model; evidence for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) mediated active transport of calcium by distal as well as proximal segments of the intestine; 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulation of paracellular calcium transport and the role of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in protection against mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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30
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Abstract
The principal function of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis is to increase calcium absorption from the intestine. Calcium is absorbed by both an active transcellular pathway, which is energy dependent, and by a passive paracellular pathway through tight junctions. 1,25Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) the hormonally active form of vitamin D, through its genomic actions, is the major stimulator of active intestinal calcium absorption which involves calcium influx, translocation of calcium through the interior of the enterocyte and basolateral extrusion of calcium by the intestinal plasma membrane pump. This article reviews recent studies that have challenged the traditional model of vitamin D mediated transcellular calcium absorption and the crucial role of specific calcium transport proteins in intestinal calcium absorption. There is also increasing evidence that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) can enhance paracellular calcium diffusion. The influence of estrogen, prolactin, glucocorticoids and aging on intestinal calcium absorption and the role of the distal intestine in vitamin D mediated intestinal calcium absorption are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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31
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Farooqi AA, Waseem MS, Riaz AM, Bhatti S. SMURF and NEDD4: sharp shooters monitor the gate keepers and ion traffic controllers of lead astray cell. J Membr Biol 2011; 244:1-8. [PMID: 21918841 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-011-9394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that a complex bar code underlies the quantitative aspects of extracellular signal regulation. Cell type-specific and context-dependent transcriptional programs are triggered by sophisticated nanomachinery consisting of HECT enzymes which monitor signal generation, transduction and termination. How the HECT enzymes safeguard spatiotemporal organization was a fundamental question towards understanding the process of protein degradation and its functions in diverse biological processes. In this review we will dismantle how HECT E3 enzymes regulate the trafficking of many receptors, channels and transporters as well as how HECT enzymes negatively regulate each other. There is accumulating evidence that suggests an undeniable role of HECT enzymes in regulating mediators of the Wnt signal-transduction cascade. By contrast, little is known about the crosstalk of HECT enzymes with ATM and TRAIL in prostate cancer, but several hints have emerged. This review provides a broader snapshot for studying multiple pathways in parallel, rather than as separate entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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32
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Jing H, Na T, Zhang W, Wu G, Liu C, Peng JB. Concerted actions of NHERF2 and WNK4 in regulating TRPV5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:979-84. [PMID: 21187068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With-no-lysine (K) kinase 4 (WNK4) is a protein serine/threonine kinase associated with a Mendelian form of hypertension. WNK4 is an integrative regulator of renal transport of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) as shown in Xenopus oocyte system. In addition, WNK4 enhances the surface expression of epithelial Ca(2+) channel TRPV5, which plays a key role in the fine tuning of renal Ca(2+) reabsorption. Variations in the magnitude of WNK4-mediated regulation on TRPV5 in Xenopus oocytes suggest additional cellular components with limited expression are required for the regulation. In this study, we identified the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulating factor 2 (NHERF2) as a critical component for the positive regulation of TRPV5 by WNK4. NHERF2 augmented the positive effect of WNK4 on TRPV5, whereas its homolog NHERF1 had no effect when tested in the Xenopus oocyte system. The C-terminal PDZ binding motif of TRPV5 was required for the regulation by NHERF2. While NHERF2 interacted with TRPV5, no association between NHERF2 and WNK4 was detected using a GST pull-down assay. WNK4 increased the forward trafficking of TRPV5; however, it also caused an accelerated decline of the functional TRPV5 channels at later stage of co-expression. NHERF2 stabilized TRPV5 at the plasma membrane without interrupting the forward trafficking of TRPV5, thus prevented the decline of functional TRPV5 channel caused by WNK4 at later stage. The complementary and orderly regulations of WNK4 and NHERF2 allow TRPV5 functions at higher level for a longer period to maximize Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jing
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, PR China
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Rotin D, Staub O. Role of the ubiquitin system in regulating ion transport. Pflugers Arch 2011; 461:1-21. [PMID: 20972579 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters play a critical role in ion and fluid homeostasis and thus in normal animal physiology and pathology. Tight regulation of these transmembrane proteins is therefore essential. In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the role of the ubiquitin system in regulating ion channels and transporters, initialed by the discoveries of the role of this system in processing of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR), and in regulating endocytosis of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) by the Nedd4 family of ubiquitin ligases (mainly Nedd4-2). In this review, we discuss the role of the ubiquitin system in ER Associated Degradation (ERAD) of ion channels, and in the regulation of endocytosis and lysosomal sorting of ion channels and transporters, focusing primarily in mammalian cells. We also briefly discuss the role of ubiquitin like molecules (such as SUMO) in such regulation, for which much less is known so far.
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