1
|
Guo J, Wang C, Xiang Q, Feng Z, Fei L, Guo G, Shang Y, An Y, Ruan Z, Chen Y, Huang X. MS4A6D Promotes carrageenan-induced footpad swelling in mice through enhancing macrophages-derived inflammation. Mol Immunol 2024; 169:28-36. [PMID: 38493579 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Our previous work has demonstrated that the tetraspan MS4A6D interacts with MHC-II to be a complex that promotes macrophage activation (Mol Immunol. 2023; 160: 121-132), however, the exact role of MS4A6D in controlling macrophage-derived inflammation is still poorly understood. Here, we showed that Ms4a6d-deficient (Ms4a6d-/-) mice manifested a lower level of footpad swelling induced by subcutaneous injection of 100 μL of 1% Carrageenan (CGN, w/v) plus CaCl2 (50 mM), a phenomenon that is similar to Nlrp3-/-, Casp-1-/-, and Ilr1-/- mice. Mechanistically, F4/80+ macrophages infiltrated in the footpad tissues of the Ms4A6d-/- mice was significantly lower than that of the WT littermates, leading to dramatically lower levels of proIL-1β in vivo. Moreover, macrophages from Ms4a6d-/- mice also showed a dramatical reduction of Il-1β secretion following NLRP3 inflammsome activation in vitro. Interestingly, both Ms4a6dC237G mutant (Interruption of MS4A6D homodimerization) and Ms4a6dY241G mutant (deletion of heITAM motif) mice also significantly inhibited CGN-induced footpad swelling due to lower levels of Il-1β secretion in vivo. Collectively, MS4A6D aggravates CGN-induced footpad swelling in mice by enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and inducing the release of IL-1β, indicating that MS4A6D promotes the progression of acute inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400033, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qun Xiang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 400026, China
| | - Zeqing Feng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 400026, China
| | - Lei Fei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guoning Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Kweichow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, Zunyi City, Guizhou province 564500, China
| | - Yongjun Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kweichow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, Zunyi City, Guizhou province 564500, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihua Ruan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Huang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dabkowska A, Domka K, Firczuk M. Advancements in cancer immunotherapies targeting CD20: from pioneering monoclonal antibodies to chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363102. [PMID: 38638442 PMCID: PMC11024268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CD20 located predominantly on the B cells plays a crucial role in their development, differentiation, and activation, and serves as a key therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The breakthrough of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD20, notably exemplified by rituximab, revolutionized the prognosis of B-cell malignancies. Rituximab, approved across various hematological malignancies, marked a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. In the current landscape, immunotherapies targeting CD20 continue to evolve rapidly. Beyond traditional mAbs, advancements include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), and chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells. ADCs combine the precision of antibodies with the cytotoxic potential of drugs, presenting a promising avenue for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. BsAbs, particularly CD20xCD3 constructs, redirect cytotoxic T cells to eliminate cancer cells, thereby enhancing both precision and potency in their therapeutic action. CAR-T cells stand as a promising strategy for combatting hematological malignancies, representing one of the truly personalized therapeutic interventions. Many new therapies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This review serves as a comprehensive summary of CD20-targeted therapies, highlighting the progress and challenges that persist. Despite significant advancements, adverse events associated with these therapies and the development of resistance remain critical issues. Understanding and mitigating these challenges is paramount for the continued success of CD20-targeted immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Domka
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Bie F, Bai G, Huai Q, Li Y, Chen X, Zhou B, Gao S. Prognostic model based on B cell marker genes for NSCLC patients under neoadjuvant immunotherapy by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03428-1. [PMID: 38563846 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has evolved as an effective option to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). B cells play essential roles in the immune system as well as cancer progression. However, the repertoire of B cells and its association with clinical outcomes remains unclear in NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing data for LUAD samples were accessed from the TCGA and GEO databases. LUAD-related B cell marker genes were confirmed based on comprehensive analysis of scRNA-seq data. We then constructed the B cell marker gene signature (BCMGS) and validated it. In addition, we evaluated the association of BCGMS with tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characteristics. Furthermore, we validated the efficacy of BCGMS in a cohort of NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy. RESULTS A BCMGS was constructed based on the TCGA cohort and further validated in three independent GSE cohorts. In addition, the BCMGS was proven to be significantly associated with TIME characteristics. Moreover, a relatively higher risk score indicated poor clinical outcomes and a worse immune response among NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We constructed an 18-gene prognostic signature derived from B cell marker genes based on scRNA-seq data, which had the potential to predict the prognosis and immune response of NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglong Bie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qilin Huai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Li S, Huang X, Wang C, Pan Y, Xiang Q, Feng Z, Fei L, Wu Y, Ruan Z, An Y, Chen Y. Tetraspan MS4A6D is a coreceptor of MHC class II antigen (MHC-II) that promotes macrophages-derived inflammation. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:121-132. [PMID: 37429063 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that the tetraspan MS4A6D is an adapter of VSIG4 that controls NLRP3 inflammasome activation (Sci Adv. 2019: eaau7426); however, the expression, distribution and biofunction of MS4A6D are still poorly understood. Here, we showed that MS4A6D is restricted to mononuclear phagocytes and that its gene transcript is controlled by the transcription factor NK2 homeobox-1 (NKX2-1). Ms4a6d-deficient (Ms4a6d-/-) mice showed normal macrophage development but manifested a greater survival advantage against endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) challenge. Mechanistically, MS4A6D homodimers crosslinked with MHC class II antigen (MHC-II) to form a surface signaling complex under acute inflammatory conditions. MHC-II occupancy triggered Tyr241 phosphorylation in MS4A6D, leading to activation of SYK-CREB signaling cascades, further resulting in augmenting the transcription of proinflammatory genes (Il1b, Il6 and Tnfa) and amplifying the secretion of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Deletion of Tyr241 or interruption of Cys237-mediated MS4A6D homodimerization in macrophages alleviated inflammation. Importantly, both Ms4a6dC237G and Ms4a6dY241G mutation mice phenocopied Ms4a6d-/- animals to prevent endotoxin lethality, highlighting MS4A6D as a novel target for treating macrophage-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400033, China
| | - Sirui Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoyong Huang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qun Xiang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 400026, China
| | - Zeqing Feng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 400026, China
| | - Lei Fei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhihua Ruan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Small GW, Akhtari FS, Green AJ, Havener TM, Sikes M, Quintanhila J, Gonzalez RD, Reif DM, Motsinger-Reif AA, McLeod HL, Wiltshire T. Pharmacogenomic Analyses Implicate B Cell Developmental Status and MKL1 as Determinants of Sensitivity toward Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1574. [PMID: 37371044 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy directed against CD20 is an important tool in the treatment of B cell disorders. However, variable patient response and acquired resistance remain important clinical challenges. To identify genetic factors that may influence sensitivity to treatment, the cytotoxic activity of three CD20 mAbs: rituximab; ofatumumab; and obinutuzumab, were screened in high-throughput assays using 680 ethnically diverse lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) followed by a pharmacogenomic assessment. GWAS analysis identified several novel gene candidates. The most significant SNP, rs58600101, in the gene MKL1 displayed ethnic stratification, with the variant being significantly more prevalent in the African cohort and resulting in reduced transcript levels as measured by qPCR. Functional validation of MKL1 by shRNA-mediated knockdown of MKL1 resulted in a more resistant phenotype. Gene expression analysis identified the developmentally associated TGFB1I1 as the most significant gene associated with sensitivity. qPCR among a panel of sensitive and resistant LCLs revealed immunoglobulin class-switching as well as differences in the expression of B cell activation markers. Flow cytometry showed heterogeneity within some cell lines relative to surface Ig isotype with a shift to more IgG+ cells among the resistant lines. Pretreatment with prednisolone could partly reverse the resistant phenotype. Results suggest that the efficacy of anti-CD20 mAb therapy may be influenced by B cell developmental status as well as polymorphism in the MKL1 gene. A clinical benefit may be achieved by pretreatment with corticosteroids such as prednisolone followed by mAb therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George W Small
- Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Farida S Akhtari
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adrian J Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Tammy M Havener
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Sikes
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Ricardo D Gonzalez
- Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Predictive Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Center for Precision Medicine and Functional Genomics, Utah Tech University, 225 South University Ave, St. George, UT 84770, USA
| | - Tim Wiltshire
- Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Biologic agents may satisfy an unmet clinical need for treatment of refractory autoimmune hepatitis. The goals of this review are to present the types and results of biologic therapy for refractory autoimmune hepatitis, indicate opportunities to improve and expand biologic treatment, and encourage comparative clinical trials. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Rituximab (monoclonal antibodies against CD20 on B cells), infliximab (monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha), low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (regulatory T cell promoter), and belimumab (monoclonal antibodies against B cell activating factor) have induced laboratory improvement in small cohorts with refractory autoimmune hepatitis. Ianalumab (monoclonal antibodies against the receptor for B cell activating factor) is in clinical trial. These agents target critical pathogenic pathways, but they may also have serious side effects. Blockade of the B cell activating factor or its receptors may disrupt pivotal B and T cell responses, and recombinant interleukin 2 complexed with certain interleukin 2 antibodies may selectively expand the regulatory T cell population. A proliferation-inducing ligand that enhances T cell proliferation and survival is an unevaluated, potentially pivotal, therapeutic target. Fully human antibodies, expanded target options, improved targeting precision, more effective delivery systems, and biosimilar agents promise to improve efficacy, safety, and accessibility. In conclusion, biologic agents target key pathogenic pathways in autoimmune hepatitis, and early experiences in refractory disease encourage clarification of the preferred target, rigorous clinical trial, and comparative evaluations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Grzelak L, Roesch F, Vaysse A, Biton A, Legendre R, Porrot F, Commère PH, Planchais C, Mouquet H, Vignuzzi M, Bruel T, Schwartz O. IRF8 regulates efficacy of therapeutic anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1648-1661. [PMID: 36030374 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as Rituximab, Ofatumumab, and Obinutuzumab are widely used to treat lymphomas and autoimmune diseases. They act by depleting B cells, mainly through Fc-dependent effectors functions. Some patients develop resistance to treatment but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify genes regulating the efficacy of anti-CD20 antibodies. We used as a model the killing of RAJI B cells by Rituximab through complement-dependent-cytotoxicity (CDC). As expected, the screen identified MS4A1, encoding CD20, the target of Rituximab. Among other identified genes, the role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8) was validated in two B-cell lines. IRF8 KO also decreased the efficacy of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis (ADCC and ADCP) induced by anti-CD20 antibodies. We further show that IRF8 is necessary for efficient CD20 transcription. Levels of IRF8 and CD20 RNA or proteins correlated in normal B cells and in hundreds of malignant B cells. Therefore, IRF8 regulates CD20 expression and controls the depleting capacity of anti-CD20 antibodies. Our results bring novel insights into the pathways underlying resistance to CD20-targeting immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Grzelak
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSPC), Université Paris Cité, France
| | | | - Amaury Vaysse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Anne Biton
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyril Planchais
- Laboratoire Immunologie Humorale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratoire Immunologie Humorale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Unité des Populations virales et pathogenèse, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen TX, Fan YT, Peng BW. Distinct mechanisms underlying therapeutic potentials of CD20 in neurological and neuromuscular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Daldal H, Nazıroğlu M. Rituximab Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in the Human Retina Cells via Modulating the TRPM2 Signaling Pathways. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 30:1315-1328. [PMID: 35587813 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2075400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the possible protective effects of rituximab (RTX) on LPS-induced oxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic adverse actions via the inhibition of TRPM2 channel in the adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells. METHODS In the cultured ARPE-19 cells, we induced five main groups as control, RTX (10 μg/ml), LPS (1 μg/ml), LPS+RTX, and LPS+TRPM2 blockers (ACA or 2/APB). RESULTS The levels of apoptosis, cell death, mitochondrial free reactive oxygen radicals (mitROS), cytosolic ROS, lipid peroxidation, caspase -3, caspase -8, caspase -9, ADP-ribose-induced TRPM2 current density, TNF-α, IL-1β, cytosolic free Zn2+, and Ca2+ were increased by LPS, although their levels were diminished by the treatments of RTX and TRPM2 blockers. CONCLUSIONS The LPS-induced mitROS, inflammatory cytokine, and apoptosis levels were modulated via TRPM2 inhibition in the human retinal epithelial cells by the RTX treatment. The RTX may be considered as a new therapeutic approach to LPS-induced human retinal epithelial cell injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Daldal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analyses, Innov., Consult., Org., Agricul., Ltd, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen D, Wang W, Wu L, Liang L, Wang S, Cheng Y, Zhang T, Chai C, Luo Q, Sun C, Zhao W, Lv Z, Gao Y, Wu X, Sun N, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Tong J, Wang X, Bai Y, Sun C, Jin X, Niu J. Single-cell atlas of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e821. [PMID: 35522918 PMCID: PMC9076016 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, mother–child interactions trigger a variety of subtle changes in the maternal body, which may be reflected in the status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although these cells are easy to access and monitor, a PBMC atlas for pregnant women has not yet been constructed. Methods We applied single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to profile 198,356 PBMCs derived from 136 pregnant women (gestation weeks 6 to 40) and a control cohort. We also used scRNA‐seq data to establish a transcriptomic clock and thereby predicted the gestational age of normal pregnancy. Results We identified reconfiguration of the peripheral immune cell phenotype during pregnancy, including interferon‐stimulated gene upregulation, activation of RNA splicing‐related pathways and immune activity of cell subpopulations. We also developed a cell‐type‐specific model to predict gestational age of normal pregnancy. Conclusions We constructed a single‐cell atlas of PBMCs in pregnant women spanning the entire gestation period, which should help improve our understanding of PBMC composition turnover in pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Langchao Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chaochao Chai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chengcheng Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wandong Zhao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lv
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
CD20 is expressed in the B lymphocyte, and an effective target for the detection and treatment of B cell lymphomas. Therefore, CD20 has been studied as a therapeutic target of B cell lymphomas and autoimmune disorders. Specific anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as rituximab, ofatumumab, veltuzumab, and ocaratuzumab, have been developed. Revealing the recognition mechanism of antigen by mAbs could contribute to understanding the function of mAbs and could be useful for the development of vaccine. Rituximab is a mouse-human chimeric anti-CD20 mAb, which was developed and approved for the treatment of the B cell malignancies. Hence, the binding epitope of rituximab for CD20 has been studied. Some reports show that 170-ANPS-173, especially Ala170 and Pro172 of CD20 are important for rituximab binding. However, only phage display results showed that 182-YCYSI-186 of CD20 is also important for rituximab binding to CD20. In this study, we tried to determine the binding epitope of rituximab for CD20 using histidine-tag insertion for epitope mapping (HisMAP) method. The results showed that two regions of CD20 (169-PANPSE-174 and 183-CYSIQ-187) are important for rituximab-binding for CD20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Altamura C, Gavazzo P, Pusch M, Desaphy J. Ion Channel Involvement in Tumor Drug Resistance. J Pers Med 2022; 12:210. [PMID: 35207698 PMCID: PMC8878471 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of deaths in cancer patients are attributed to tumor drug resistance. Resistance to therapeutic agents can be due to an innate property of cancer cells or can be acquired during chemotherapy. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that regulation of membrane ion channels is an important mechanism in the development of chemoresistance. Here, we review the contribution of ion channels in drug resistance of various types of cancers, evaluating their potential in clinical management. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed, including evasion of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, decreased drug accumulation in cancer cells, and activation of alternative escape pathways such as autophagy. Each of these mechanisms leads to a reduction of the therapeutic efficacy of administered drugs, causing more difficulty in cancer treatment. Thus, targeting ion channels might represent a good option for adjuvant therapies in order to counteract chemoresistance development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kusowska A, Kubacz M, Krawczyk M, Slusarczyk A, Winiarska M, Bobrowicz M. Molecular Aspects of Resistance to Immunotherapies-Advances in Understanding and Management of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031501. [PMID: 35163421 PMCID: PMC8835809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the unquestionable success achieved by rituximab-based regimens in the management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the high incidence of relapsed/refractory disease still remains a challenge. The widespread clinical use of chemo-immunotherapy demonstrated that it invariably leads to the induction of resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Rituximab-mediated therapeutic effect primarily relies on complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and their outcome is often compromised following the development of resistance. Factors involved include inherent genetic characteristics and rituximab-induced changes in effectors cells, the role of ligand/receptor interactions between target and effector cells, and the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on summarizing the emerging advances in the understanding of the molecular basis responsible for the resistance induced by various forms of immunotherapy used in DLBCL. We outline available models of resistance and delineate solutions that may improve the efficacy of standard therapeutic protocols, which might be essential for the rational design of novel therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kusowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matylda Kubacz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Slusarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ciolfi C, Sernicola A, Alaibac M. Role of Rituximab in the Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris: Patient Selection and Acceptability. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:3035-3043. [PMID: 36387051 PMCID: PMC9651071 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s350756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is an approved adjuvant treatment, in combination with oral corticosteroids, for patients with pemphigus vulgaris, a severe and potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering skin disorder. Updated approaches to the management of pemphigus vulgaris support rituximab as a first-line adjuvant treatment to induce remission early in the course of disease; however, its feasibility in the clinical setting is often reduced by a series of limitations, including high cost of this biological drug, physician and patient concern for the risk of adverse reactions, and uncertainty regarding the optimum dosing and schedule of administration. The standard approved rituximab dosages, which are derived from lymphoma protocols, have been recognized to exceed the effective dose required for inducing B cell depletion, since the B cell burden in pemphigus vulgaris is much lower than in lymphoproliferative disorders. To overcome these limitations, recent research has investigated alternative regimens of rituximab, using lower doses of the drug. Moreover, differences in patient and disease characteristics that are highlighted in the literature strongly suggest that therapy should be tailored individually on a case-by-case basis: personalized treatment schedules may be necessary to optimize response to treatment and tolerability in different subjects, with the possibility of repeated infusions for severe forms and in case of relapse. Finally, low-dose regimens of rituximab were suggested to be favorable during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a lesser degree of immune cell depletion while retaining a sufficient response. In conclusion, the current literature suggests that lower-dose regimens of rituximab are not only tolerable and cost-effective but may also be associated with a positive response in pemphigus vulgaris, comparable to that achieved with higher doses especially in early disease. Further evidence from rigorous clinical trials will be required to optimize lower-dose regimens of RTX and establish their position within the treatment scenario of pemphigus vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ciolfi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alvise Sernicola
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: Alvise Sernicola, Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Vincenzo Gallucci, 4, Padua, 35121, Italy, Tel/Fax +39 049 821 2924, Email
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Asano T, Takei J, Furusawa Y, Saito M, Suzuki H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Epitope Mapping of an Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (C 20Mab-60) Using the HisMAP Method. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 40:243-249. [PMID: 34958277 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20 is one of the B-lymphocyte antigens and an effective target for the detection and treatment of B cell lymphomas; specific and sensitive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are required thus for their diagnosis. Recently, we developed a novel anti-CD20 mAb (clone C20Mab-60), which is not only useful for flow cytometry but also for Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. However, the epitope of C20Mab-60 has not been determined. To clarify the binding region of mAbs against their target molecules, it is essential to understand the pharmacological function of each mAb. In this study, we aimed to identify the epitope of C20Mab-60 for CD20 using the novel histidine tag (His-tag) insertion for epitope mapping (HisMAP) method. We first established an anti-His-tag mAb, HisMab-1 (mouse IgG2b, kappa), by immunizing mice with recombinant proteins containing an N-terminal His-tag. Although HisMab-1 detected the 4x, 5x, and 6xHis tag-inserted CD20 proteins using flow cytometry, 5xHis tag was selected. While HisMab-1 recognized all the 5xHis tag-inserted CD20 from the 142nd to the 183rd amino acid (aa), C20Mab-60 did not react with the 5xHis tag-inserted CD20 from the 171st to the 174th aa. These results indicate that the main epitope of C20Mab-60 for CD20 is a peptide from 171st to 174th aa of CD20. HisMAP method could be advantageous in the determination of the critical epitope of functional mAbs against many target molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furusawa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zemchenkova OV, Basharina OV, Artyukhov VG. Expression Level of Membrane Markers CD5, CD19, and CD20 in B Cells after UV-Irradiation and Incubation in the Presence of Autologous Plasma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:222-225. [PMID: 34173108 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of UV-light (240-390 nm) in doses of 151 and 755 J/m2 on the expression of membrane markers CD5, CD19, CD20 in human peripheral blood B cells was studied by flow cytometry. In 24 h after exposure to UV light, we observed activation of processes accompanied by structural rearrangements of B-cell membranes leading to changes in the expression of receptor molecules: the content of of CD19 and CD20 increased due to activation of the synthesis of these proteins, while the content of CD5 decreased. The percentage of CD5+ cells decreased over 24 h after UV-irradiation of lymphocytes, while addition of autologous plasma to the incubation medium produced a photoprotective effect on CD5+ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Zemchenkova
- N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Han JW, Heo W, Lee D, Kang C, Kim HY, Jun I, So I, Hur H, Lee MG, Jung M, Kim JY. Plasma Membrane Localized GCaMP-MS4A12 by Orai1 Co-Expression Shows Thapsigargin- and Ca 2+-Dependent Fluorescence Increases. Mol Cells 2021; 44:223-232. [PMID: 33935043 PMCID: PMC8112172 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniquely expressed in the colon, MS4A12 exhibits store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) activity. However, compared to MS4A1 (CD20), a Ca2+ channel and ideal target for successful leukaemia immunotherapy, MS4A12 has rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the involvement of MS4A12 in Ca2+ influx and expression changes in MS4A12 in human colonic malignancy. Fluorescence of GCaMP-fused MS4A12 (GCaMP-M12) was evaluated to analyse MS4A12 activity in Ca2+ influx. Plasma membrane expression of GCaMP-M12 was achieved by homo- or hetero-complex formation with no-tagged MS4A12 (nt-M12) or Orai1, respectively. GCaMP-M12 fluorescence in plasma membrane increased only after thapsigargin-induced depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, and this fluorescence was inhibited by typical SOCE inhibitors and siRNA for Orai1. Furthermore, GCaMP-MS4A12 and Orai1 co-transfection elicited greater plasma membrane fluorescence than GCaMP-M12 co-transfected with nt-M12. Interestingly, the fluorescence of GCaMP-M12 was decreased by STIM1 over-expression, while increased by siRNA for STIM1 in the presence of thapsigargin and extracellular Ca2+. Moreover, immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Orai1 co-expression decreased protein interactions between MS4A12 and STIM1. In human colon tissue, MS4A12 was expressed in the apical region of the colonic epithelium, although its expression was dramatically decreased in colon cancer tissues. In conclusion, we propose that MS4A12 contributes to SOCE through complex formation with Orai1, but does not cooperate with STIM1. Additionally, we discovered that MS4A12 is expressed in the apical membrane of the colonic epithelium and that its expression is decreased with cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Woon Heo
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Donghyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Choeun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ikhyun Jun
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyuk Hur
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Minkyu Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Demmers LC, Wu W, Heck AJR. HLA Class II Presentation Is Specifically Altered at Elevated Temperatures in the B-Lymphoblastic Cell Line JY. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100089. [PMID: 33933681 PMCID: PMC8724904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules play critical roles in our adaptive immune system by signaling a cell's health status to the immune system, through presentation of small peptides. Understanding HLA biology is important because of its prominent role in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy. Although both the HLA class I and class II antigen processing and presentation pathways have been studied extensively, the fundamental rules in HLA class II antigen presentation still remain less understood. To clarify the mechanistic and adaptive differences between the HLA systems, we challenged a B lymphoblastic cell line (JY), widely used as model system in studying antigen presentation, with a high temperature treatment to mimic a "fever-like state", representing one of the most common physiological responses to infection. In the absence of real invading pathogenic peptides to present, we could focus on delineating the intrinsic HLA pathway adaptations in response to high temperature in this particular cell line. Following a three-pronged approach, we performed quantitative analyses of the proteome, the HLA class I ligandome, as well as the HLA class II ligandome. The data reveals that elevated temperature may already prepare these cells for an immune-like response through increased HLA class II presentation capacity and specific release of, from the invariant chain originating, CLIP peptides. Interestingly, at high temperature, prominent changes in the composition of the CLIP repertoire were observed, with enrichment of peptides containing C-terminal extensions beyond the CLIP-core region. Collectively, these illustrate intriguing temperature sensitive adaptations in this B cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Demmers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pavlasova G, Mraz M. The regulation and function of CD20: an "enigma" of B-cell biology and targeted therapy. Haematologica 2021; 105:1494-1506. [PMID: 32482755 PMCID: PMC7271567 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.243543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ofatumumab, or obinutuzumab improved the therapy of B-cell malignancies even though the precise physiological role and regulation of CD20 remains unclear. Furthermore, CD20 expression is highly variable between different B-cell malignancies, patients with the same malignancy, and even between intraclonal subpopulations in an individual patient. Several epigenetic (EZH2, HDAC1/2, HDAC1/4, HDAC6, complex Sin3A-HDAC1) and transcription factors (USF, OCT1/2, PU.1, PiP, ELK1, ETS1, SP1, NFκB, FOXO1, CREM, SMAD2/3) regulating CD20 expression (encoded by MS4A1) have been characterized. CD20 is induced in the context of microenvironmental interactions by CXCR4/SDF1 (CXCL12) chemokine signaling and the molecular function of CD20 has been linked to the signaling propensity of B-cell receptor (BCR). CD20 has also been shown to interact with multiple other surface proteins on B cells (such as CD40, MHCII, CD53, CD81, CD82, and CBP). Current efforts to combine anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies with BCR signaling inhibitors targeting BTK or PI3K (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, idelalisib, duvelisib) or BH3-mimetics (venetoclax) lead to the necessity to better understand both the mechanisms of regulation and the biological functions of CD20. This is underscored by the observation that CD20 is decreased in response to the "BCR inhibitor" ibrutinib which largely prevents its successful combination with rituximab. Several small molecules (such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyl-transferase inhibitors, aurora kinase A/B inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, FOXO1 inhibitors, and bryostatin-1) are being tested to upregulate cell-surface CD20 levels and increase the efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Herein, we review the current understanding of CD20 function, and the mechanisms of its regulation in normal and malignant B cells, highlighting the therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pavlasova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sayama Y, Kaneko MK, Takei J, Hosono H, Sano M, Asano T, Kato Y. Establishment of a novel anti-TROP2 monoclonal antibody TrMab-29 for immunohistochemical analysis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100902. [PMID: 33490649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TROP2 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein originally identified in human trophoblast cells that is overexpressed in several types of cancer. To better understand the role of TROP2 in cancer, we herein aimed to develop a sensitive and specific anti-TROP2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) for use in flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry using a Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. Two mice were immunized with N-terminal PA-tagged and C-terminal RAP/MAP-tagged TROP2-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells (CHO/PA-TROP2-RAP-MAP), and hybridomas showing strong signals from PA-tagged TROP2-overexpressed CHO-K1 cells (CHO/TROP2-PA) and weak-to-no signals from CHO-K1 cells were selected using flow cytometry. We demonstrated using flow cytometry that the established anti-TROP2 mAb, TrMab-29 (mouse IgG1 kappa), detected TROP2 in MCF7 breast cancer cell line as well as CHO/TROP2-PA cells. Western blot analysis showed a 40 kDa band in lysates prepared from both CHO/TROP2-PA and MCF7 cells. Furthermore, TROP2 was strongly detected by immunohistochemical analysis using TrMab-29, indicating that TrMab-29 may be a valuable tool for the detection of TROP2 in cancer.
Collapse
Key Words
- ADC, antibody-drug conjugates
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Breast cancer
- CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell
- CBIS method
- CBIS, Cell-Based Immunization and Screening
- CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride
- Monoclonal antibody
- P3U1, P3X63Ag8U.1
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PIT, photoimmunotherapy
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- RIT, radioimmunotherapy
- TROP2
- TROP2, trophoblast cell-surface antigen
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
Collapse
|
21
|
Sayama Y, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Development and characterization of TrMab‑6, a novel anti‑TROP2 monoclonal antibody for antigen detection in breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:92. [PMID: 33300065 PMCID: PMC7723163 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in a number of cancer types, including triple-negative breast cancer. The current study aimed to develop a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting TROP2, which could be used to evaluate TROP2 expression using flow cytometry, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry by employing the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. The established anti-TROP2 mAb, TrMab-6 (mouse IgG2b, κ), detected TROP2 on PA-tagged TROP2-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/TROP2-PA) and breast cancer cell lines, including MCF7 and BT-474 using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis indicated a 40 kDa band in lysates prepared from CHO/TROP2-PA, MCF7 and BT-474 cells. Furthermore, TROP2 in 57/61 (93.4%) of the breast cancer specimens was strongly detected using immunohistochemical analysis with TrMab-6. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that TrMab-6 may be a valuable tool for the detection of TROP2 in a wide variety of breast cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sayama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Furusawa Y, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Establishment of an Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (C20Mab-60) for Immunohistochemical Analyses. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 39:112-116. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Furusawa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Furusawa Y, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Establishment of C 20Mab-11, a novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, for the detection of B cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1961-1967. [PMID: 32724441 PMCID: PMC7377059 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20 is one of several B-lymphocyte antigens that has been shown to be an effective target for the detection and treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are required for every application used for the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. Although many anti-CD20 mAbs have been established, the types of applications, those anti-CD20 can be used in, are limited. In this study, we aimed to establish novel anti-CD20 mAbs to be used for broad applications, such as flow cytometry, western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses, using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. One of the established mAbs, C20Mab-11 (IgM, kappa), detected overexpression of CD20 in CHO-K1 or LN229 cell lines, indicating that C20Mab-11 is specific for CD20. In western blot analyses, C20Mab-11 detected not only overexpression of CD20 in CHO-K1 or LN229 cell lines, but also CD20 of BALL-1 and Raji cells with both sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, C20Mab-11 strongly stained B cells of the lymph follicle and B cell lymphomas in immunohistochemical analyses. These results indicate that C20Mab-11 develped by CBIS method, is useful for the detection of CD20 in lymphoma tissues by flow cytometry, western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses and potentially could be beneficial for the treatment of B cell lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Furusawa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika Kato Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Crickx E, Weill J, Reynaud C, Mahévas M. Anti-CD20–mediated B-cell depletion in autoimmune diseases: successes, failures and future perspectives. Kidney Int 2020; 97:885-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
25
|
Kozlova V, Ledererova A, Ladungova A, Peschelova H, Janovska P, Slusarczyk A, Domagala J, Kopcil P, Vakulova V, Oppelt J, Bryja V, Doubek M, Mayer J, Pospisilova S, Smida M. CD20 is dispensable for B-cell receptor signaling but is required for proper actin polymerization, adhesion and migration of malignant B cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229170. [PMID: 32210425 PMCID: PMC7094844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface protein CD20 serves as the critical target of immunotherapy in various B-cell malignancies for decades, however its biological function and regulation remain largely elusive. Better understanding of CD20 function may help to design improved rational therapies to prevent development of resistance. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we have abrogated CD20 expression in five different malignant B-cell lines. We show that CD20 deletion has no effect upon B-cell receptor signaling or calcium flux. Also B-cell survival and proliferation is unaffected in the absence of CD20. On the contrary, we found a strong defect in actin cytoskeleton polymerization and, consequently, defective cell adhesion and migration in response to homeostatic chemokines SDF1α, CCL19 and CCL21. Mechanistically, we could identify a reduction in chemokine-triggered PYK2 activation, a calcium-activated signaling protein involved in activation of MAP kinases and cytoskeleton regulation. These cellular defects in consequence result in a severely disturbed homing of B cells in vivo.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Leukemia, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Polymerization
- Protein Multimerization/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Ledererova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Ladungova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Peschelova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Janovska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pavel Kopcil
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Vakulova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Smida
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Görtler F, Schön M, Simeth J, Solbrig S, Wettig T, Oefner PJ, Spang R, Altenbuchinger M. Loss-Function Learning for Digital Tissue Deconvolution. J Comput Biol 2020; 27:342-355. [DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Görtler
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marian Schön
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Simeth
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Solbrig
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Wettig
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Altenbuchinger
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Heo W, Jin N, Park MS, Kim HY, Yoon SM, Lee J, Kim JY. STIM1 knock-down decreases the affinity of obinutuzumab for CD20 by altering CD20 localization to Triton-soluble membrane. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:260-271. [PMID: 32056202 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obinutuzumab is thought to exert its effects through its high antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via glyco-engineering of the Fc region. In addition, obinutuzumab causes direct binding-induced cell death (DCD) only by specifically binding to its target CD20, a Ca2+ channel. However, the specific features of CD20 related to obinutuzumab binding-induction of cell death are not clearly understood. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the Ca2+ channel features of CD20 as a store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) and obinutuzumab binding-induced cell death. Ca2+ channel function and biochemical analysis revealed that CD20 is an Orai1- and stromal interaction molecule (STIM1)-dependent Ca2+ pore. However, binding of obinutuzumab on CD20 did not have any effect on Ca2+ influx activity of CD20; the direct cell death rate mediated by obinutuzumab binding was almost equivalent with or without the extracellular Ca2+ condition. Given the apparent interaction between STIM1 and CD20, we observed Triton-X solubilized obinutuzumab-bound CD20 accompanied by STIM1. Subsequently, obinutuzumab binding and cell death were decreased by STIM1 knock-down in Ramos B cells. Thus, STIM1 directly contributes to cell death by increasing the affinity of cells for obinutuzumab by transferring CD20 to the Triton-soluble membrane region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Heo
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain, Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain, Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain, Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-Y Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain, Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - J Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain, Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Pemphigus encompasses a heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases, which affect both mucous membranes and the skin. The disease usually runs a chronic-relapsing course, with a potentially devastating impact on the patients' quality of life. Pemphigus pathogenesis is related to IgG autoantibodies targeting various adhesion molecules in the epidermis, including desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3, major components of desmosomes. The pathogenic relevance of such autoantibodies has been largely demonstrated experimentally. IgG autoantibody binding to Dsg results in loss of epidermal keratinocyte adhesion, a phenomenon referred to as acantholysis. This in turn causes intra-epidermal blistering and the clinical appearance of flaccid blisters and erosions at involved sites. Since the advent of glucocorticoids, the overall prognosis of pemphigus has largely improved. However, mortality persists elevated, since long-term use of high dose corticosteroids and adjuvant steroid-sparing immunosuppressants portend a high risk of serious adverse events, especially infections. Recently, rituximab, a chimeric anti CD20 monoclonal antibody which induces B-cell depletion, has been shown to improve patients' survival, as early rituximab use results in higher disease remission rates, long term clinical response and faster prednisone tapering compared to conventional immunosuppressive therapies, leading to its approval as a first line therapy in pemphigus. Other anti B-cell therapies targeting B-cell receptor or downstream molecules are currently tried in clinical studies. More intriguingly, a preliminary study in a preclinical mouse model of pemphigus has shown promise regarding future therapeutic application of Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor T-cells engineered using Dsg domains to selectively target autoreactive B-cells. Conversely, previous studies from our group have demonstrated that B-cell depletion in pemphigus resulted in secondary impairment of T-cell function; this may account for the observed long-term remission following B-cell recovery in rituximab treated patients. Likewise, our data support the critical role of Dsg-specific T-cell clones in orchestrating the inflammatory response and B-cell activation in pemphigus. Monitoring autoreactive T-cells in patients may indeed provide further information on the role of these cells, and would be the starting point for designating therapies aimed at restoring the lost immune tolerance against Dsg. The present review focuses on current advances, unmet challenges and future perspectives of pemphigus management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Didona
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Maglie
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Section of Dermatology, Departement of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang JY, Zhang PP, Zhou WP, Yu JY, Yao ZH, Chu JF, Yao SN, Wang C, Lone W, Xia QX, Ma J, Yang SJ, Liu KD, Dong ZG, Guo YJ, Smith LM, McKeithan TW, Chan WC, Iqbal J, Liu YY. L-Type Cav 1.2 Calcium Channel-α-1C Regulates Response to Rituximab in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4168-4178. [PMID: 30824586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One third of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) succumb to the disease partly due to rituximab resistance. Rituximab-induced calcium flux is an important inducer of apoptotic cell death, and we investigated the potential role of calcium channels in rituximab resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The distinctive expression of calcium channel members was compared between patients sensitive and resistant to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone (RCHOP) regimen. The observation was further validated through mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. RESULTS A significant inverse correlation was observed between CACNA1C expression and RCHOP resistance in two independent DLBCL cohorts, and CACNA1C expression was an independent prognostic factor for RCHOP resistance after adjusting for International Prognostic Index, cell-of-origin classification, and MYC/BCL2 double expression. Loss of CACNA1C expression reduced rituximab-induced apoptosis and tumor shrinkage. We further demonstrated direct interaction of CACNA1C with CD20 and its role in CD20 stabilization. Functional modulators of L-type calcium channel showed expected alteration in rituximab-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CACNA1C expression was directly regulated by miR-363 whose high expression is associated with worse prognosis in DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS We identified the role of CACNA1C in rituximab resistance, and modulating its expression or activity may alter rituximab sensitivity in DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Zhi-Hua Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Feng Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Na Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Waseem Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Qing-Xin Xia
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kang-Dong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Gang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Jun Guo
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Payandeh Z, Bahrami AA, Hoseinpoor R, Mortazavi Y, Rajabibazl M, Rahimpour A, Taromchi AH, Khalil S. The applications of anti-CD20 antibodies to treat various B cells disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2415-26. [PMID: 30551501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 (called CD20) is known as an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein which is expressed on the surface of all B-cells. CD20 is involved in the regulation of trans-membrane Ca2+ conductance and also play critical roles in cell-cycle progression during human B cell proliferation and activation. The appearance of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology provided an effective field for targeted therapy in treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Anti-CD20 is one of important antibodies which could be employed in treatment of several diseases. Increasing evidences revealed that efficacy of different anti-CD20 antibodies is implicated by their function. Hence, evaluation of anti-CD20 antibodies function could provide and introduce new anti-CD20 based therapies. In the present study, we summarized several applications of anti-CD20 antibodies in various immune related disorders including B-CLL (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and melanoma.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pierpont TM, Limper CB, Richards KL. Past, Present, and Future of Rituximab-The World's First Oncology Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:163. [PMID: 29915719 PMCID: PMC5994406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy with binding specificity to CD20. It was the first therapeutic antibody approved for oncology patients and was the top-selling oncology drug for nearly a decade with sales reaching $8.58 billion in 2016. Since its initial approval in 1997, it has improved outcomes in all B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite widespread use, most mechanistic data have been gathered from in vitro studies while the roles of the various response mechanisms in humans are still largely undetermined. Polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptor and complement protein genes have been implicated as potential predictors of differential response to rituximab, but have not yet shown sufficient influence to impact clinical decisions. Unlike most targeted therapies developed today, no known biomarkers to indicate target engagement/tumor response have been identified, aside from reduced tumor burden. The lack of companion biomarkers beyond CD20 itself has made it difficult to predict which patients will respond to any given anti-CD20 antibody. In the past decade, two new anti-CD20 antibodies have been approved: ofatumumab, which binds a distinct epitope of CD20, and obinutuzumab, a mAb derived from rituximab with modifications to the Fc portion and to its glycosylation. Both are fully humanized and have biological activity that is distinct from that of rituximab. In addition to these new anti-CD20 antibodies, another imminent change in targeted lymphoma treatment is the multitude of biosimilars that are becoming available as rituximab's patent expires. While the widespread use of rituximab itself will likely continue, its biosimilars will increase global access to the therapy. This review discusses current research into mechanisms and potential biomarkers of rituximab response, as well as its biosimilars and the newer CD20 binding mAb therapies. Increased ability to assess the effectiveness of rituximab in an individual patient, along with the availability of alternative anti-CD20 antibodies will likely lead to dramatic changes in how we use CD20 antibodies going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Pierpont
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Candice B. Limper
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kristy L. Richards
- Richards Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Forsthuber TG, Cimbora DM, Ratchford JN, Katz E, Stüve O. B cell-based therapies in CNS autoimmunity: differentiating CD19 and CD20 as therapeutic targets. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418761697. [PMID: 29593838 PMCID: PMC5865455 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418761697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing recognition of the role of B cells in the adaptive immune response makes B cells an important therapeutic target in autoimmunity. Numerous current and developmental immunotherapies target B cells for elimination through recognition of cell-surface proteins expressed specifically on B cells, in particular CD19 and CD20. Similarities and differences in the function and expression of these two molecules predict some shared, and some distinct, pharmacological effects of agents targeting CD19 versus CD20, potentially leading to differences in the clinical safety and efficacy of such agents. Here, we review current knowledge of CD19 and CD20 function and biology, survey current and developmental therapies that target these molecules, and discuss potential differences in elimination of B cells by drugs that target CD19 versus CD20, with particular focus on the central nervous system autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The principles and mechanisms herein discussed might also be relevant to a variety of other nervous system autoimmune disorders, including NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis, transverse myelitis and myasthenia gravis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olaf Stüve
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Ofatumumab has been extensively studied in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Currently, it has been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a number of different situations. However, there is still no compelling evidence confirming the superiority of ofatumumab over rituximab in vivo. In this article, we summarize the currently available clinical data supporting the use of ofatumumab in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The clinical studies were searched from clinicaltrials.gov with the key words ofatumumab, HuMax-CD20. Out of 115 trials available, studies for B-cell malignancies were selected, followed by selection of completed studies with results and active ongoing studies. The results from completed studies were thoroughly analyzed and active ongoing studies were listed in tables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zar Ni Soe
- Department of Haematology, Hull & East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, East Yorkshire, England, UK
| | - David Allsup
- Department of Haematology, Hull & East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, East Yorkshire, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang S, Wang J, Zhao T, Jia J, Zhu H, Jiang H, Lu J, Jiang B, Shi H, Liu Y, Lai Y, Xu L, Huang X, Jiang Q. CD20 expression sub-stratifies standard-risk patients with B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105397-105406. [PMID: 29285259 PMCID: PMC5739646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with standard-risk adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy do not have satisfactory outcomes. To more precisely classify ALL patients and optimize treatment, we re-evaluated the risk stratification system by examining CD20 expression and other classic risk factors at diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed response to induction chemotherapy of 217 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-negative B cell precursor-ALL. Survival analyses were conducted for the 136 patients who were intended to be treated with chemotherapy alone. Among the 217 patients, 69 (31.8%) were considered standard risk based on age <35 years, white blood cell count <30 × 109/L, absence of central nervous system involvement, and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities. Seventy-four patients (34.1%) expressed CD20 on ≥20% of leukemia blasts and were considered CD20 positive. We found that fewer CD20-positive than CD20-negative patients achieved durable first complete responses (CR1 ≥3 months) (81.1% vs. 94.9%, P=0.002). Within the standard-risk group, more CD20-negative than CD20-positive patients achieved CR (100% vs. 83.3%, P=0.003) and durable CR1 (100% vs. 82.4%, P=0.014). For patients in the CD20-negative standard-risk, CD20-positive standard-risk, CD20-negative high-risk, and CD20-positive high-risk groups, the 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 42.6%, 70.0%, 59.3%, and 69.5%, respectively (P=0.118); the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 52.1%, 0%, 20.7%, and 13.7%, respectively (P=0.006); and the 3-year overall survival rates were 55.8%, 13.8%, 23.6%, and 16.9%, respectively (P=0.006). Our results suggest that patients with CD20-negative standard-risk B cell precursor-ALL have favorable prognosis compared with CD20-positive standard-risk or CD20-negative or -positive high-risk patients. CD20-positive standard-risk ALL patients may need other therapeutic modalities bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShenMiao Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - JinSong Jia
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - HongHu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - HongXia Shi
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - YanRong Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - YueYun Lai
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - LanPing Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoJun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,Peking Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shao W, Peng D, Wang X. Genetics of Alzheimer's disease: From pathogenesis to clinical usage. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 45:1-8. [PMID: 28869135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and has caused a major global health concern. Understanding the etiology of AD can be beneficial for the diagnosis and intervention of this disease. Genetics plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of AD. Research methods in genetics such as the linkage analysis, study of candidate genes, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology help us map the genetic information in AD, which can not only provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of AD but also be beneficial for early targeted intervention of AD. This review summarizes the pathogenesis as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic value of genetics in AD.
Collapse
|
36
|
Loo SK, Ch'ng ES, Md Salleh MS, Banham AH, Pedersen LM, Møller MB, Green TM, Wong KK. TRPM4 expression is associated with activated B cell subtype and poor survival in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2017; 71:98-111. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suet K Loo
- Department of Immunology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Ewe S Ch'ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Bertam Malaysia
| | - Md Salzihan Md Salleh
- Department of Pathology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences; Radcliffe Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford UK
| | - Lars M Pedersen
- Department of Haematology; Herlev University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael B Møller
- Department of Pathology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Tina M Green
- Department of Pathology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Kah K Wong
- Department of Immunology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sanyal R, Polyak MJ, Zuccolo J, Puri M, Deng L, Roberts L, Zuba A, Storek J, Luider JM, Sundberg EM, Mansoor A, Baigorri E, Chu MP, Belch AR, Pilarski LM, Deans JP. MS4A4A: a novel cell surface marker for M2 macrophages and plasma cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:611-619. [PMID: 28303902 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MS4A4A is a member of the membrane-spanning, four domain family, subfamily A (MS4A) that includes CD20 (MS4A1), FcRβ (MS4A2) and Htm4 (MS4A3). Like the first three members of this family, transcription of MS4A4A appears to be limited to hematopoietic cells. To evaluate expression of the MS4A4A protein in hematopoietic cell lineages and subsets we generated monoclonal antibodies against extracellular epitopes for use in flow cytometry. In human peripheral blood we found that MS4A4A is expressed at the plasma membrane in monocytes but not in granulocytes or lymphocytes. In vitro differentiation of monocytes demonstrated that MS4A4A is expressed in immature but not activated dendritic cells, and in macrophages generated in the presence of interleukin-4 ('alternatively activated' or M2 macrophages) but not by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide ('classically' activated or M1 macrophages). MS4A4A was expressed in the U937 monocytic cell line only after differentiation. In normal bone marrow, MS4A4A was expressed in mature monocytes but was undetected, or detected at only a low level, in myeloid/monocytic precursors, as well as their malignant counterparts in patients with various subtypes of myeloid leukemia. Although MS4A4A was not expressed in healthy B lymphocytes, it was highly expressed in normal plasma cells, CD138+ cells from multiple myeloma patients, and bone marrow B cells from a patient with mantle cell lymphoma. These findings suggest immunotherapeutic potential for MS4A4A antibodies in targeting alternatively activated macrophages such as tumor-associated macrophages, and in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria J Polyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Zuccolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mandip Puri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lili Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luc Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ania Zuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Storek
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanne M Luider
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen M Sundberg
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adnan Mansoor
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eva Baigorri
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Chu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Belch
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda M Pilarski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie P Deans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pan L, Zhao W, Lai J, Ding D, Zhang Q, Yang X, Huang M, Jin S, Xu Y, Zeng S, Chou JJ, Chen S. Sortase A-Generated Highly Potent Anti-CD20-MMAE Conjugates for Efficient Elimination of B-Lineage Lymphomas. Small 2017; 13:1602267. [PMID: 27873460 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting antigens expressed on the surface of tumor cells are an effective approach for delivering drugs into the cells via antigen-mediated endocytosis. One of the well-known tumor antigens, the CD20 of B-lymphocyte, has long been suggested to be noninternalizing epitope, and is thus not considered a desirable target for ADCs. Here, sortase A (srtA)-mediated transpeptidation is used to specifically conjugate triple glycine-modified monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a highly toxic antimitotic agent, to anti-CD20 ofatumumab (OFA) equipped with a short C-terminal LPETG (5 amino acids) tag at heavy chain (HL), which generates ADCs that show extremely strong potency in killing CD20 positive cancer cells. One of the srtA-generated ADCs with a cleavable dipeptide linker (valine-citrulline, vc), OFA-HL-vcMMAE, shows IC50 values ranging from 5 pg mL-1 to 4.1 ng mL-1 against CD20+ lymphoma cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirms that OFA-HL-vcMMAE internalization by Ramos cells is significantly improved compared to OFA alone, consistent with the high antitumor activity of the new ADC. OFA-HL-vcMMAE, at 5 mg kg-1 dose, is able to eliminate tumors with mean volume ≈400 mm3 while no obvious drug-related toxicity is observed. The results show that srtA-generated OFA-MMAE conjugate system provides a viable strategy for targeting CD20+ B lineage lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Lai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ding Ding
- HisunPharma (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd, Xialian Village, Xukou Town, Fuyang, Hangzhou, 311404, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minmin Huang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shijie Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - James J Chou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cuello HA, Segatori VI, Alberto M, Pesce A, Alonso DF, Gabri MR. Comparability of Antibody-Mediated Cell Killing Activity Between a Proposed Biosimilar RTXM83 and the Originator Rituximab. BioDrugs 2016; 30:225-31. [PMID: 27053342 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosimilars are described as biological products that resemble the structure of original biologic therapeutic products, with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety and effectiveness from the original. A wide range of biosimilars are under development or are already licensed in many countries. Biosimilars are earning acceptance and becoming a reality for immunotherapy treatments mainly based on the alternatives for the commercial anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. The most important mechanism of action reported for this antibody is the induction of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is associated with the polymorphisms present at the 158 position in the IgG receptor FcγRIIIa. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to validate the functional comparability between the proposed rituximab biosimilar RTXM83 and the original product. To achieve this we assessed the binding capacity and ADCC induction of this biosimilar, taking into account the different FcγRIIIa-158 polymorphisms. METHODS Binding capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry using CD20 positive cells and a wide range of antibody concentrations. The FcγRIIIa-158 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by allele-specific restriction enzyme digestion. ADCC was measured by a colorimetric lactate dehydrogenase-release assay, using effector cells from donors with different FcγRIIIa-158 polymorphisms. RESULTS Binding capacity assay showed no differences between both products. Regarding ADCC, a similar relative potency was obtained between both antibodies, showing a higher response for the FcγRIIIa-158 valine/valine (V/V) polymorphism compared to the phenylalanine/phenylalanine (F/F), for both rituximab and RTXM83. CONCLUSION Our data strongly suggest the biocomparability between the proposed biosimilar and the originator rituximab, in antibody recognition and ADCC activity. Additionally, our results suggest that donors with the FcγRIIIa-158V/V polymorphism induce a higher ADCC response, as has been reported.
Collapse
|
40
|
Safdari Y, Ahmadzadeh V, Farajnia S. CD20-targeting in B-cell malignancies: novel prospects for antibodies and combination therapies. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:497-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
41
|
Gamonet C, Bole-Richard E, Delherme A, Aubin F, Toussirot E, Garnache-Ottou F, Godet Y, Ysebaert L, Tournilhac O, Caroline D, Larosa F, Deconinck E, Saas P, Borg C, Deschamps M, Ferrand C. New CD20 alternative splice variants: molecular identification and differential expression within hematological B cell malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:7. [PMID: 26937306 PMCID: PMC4774009 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD20 is a B cell lineage-specific marker expressed by normal and leukemic B cells and targeted by several antibody immunotherapies. We have previously shown that the protein from a CD20 mRNA splice variant (D393-CD20) is expressed at various levels in leukemic B cells or lymphoma B cells but not in resting, sorted B cells from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. RESULTS Western blot (WB) analysis of B malignancy primary samples showed additional CD20 signals. Deep molecular PCR analysis revealed four new sequences corresponding to in-frame CD20 splice variants (D657-CD20, D618-CD20, D480-CD20, and D177-CD20) matching the length of WB signals. We demonstrated that the cell spliceosome machinery can process ex vivo D480-, D657-, and D618-CD20 transcript variants by involving canonical sites associated with cryptic splice sites. Results of specific and quantitative RT-PCR assays showed that these CD20 splice variants are differentially expressed in B malignancies. Moreover, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation modified the CD20 splicing profile and mainly increased the D393-CD20 variant transcripts. Finally, investigation of three cohorts of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients showed that the total CD20 splice variant expression was higher in a stage B and C sample collection compared to routinely collected CLL samples or relapsed refractory stage A, B, or C CLL. CONCLUSION The involvement of these newly discovered alternative CD20 transcript variants in EBV transformation makes them interesting molecular indicators, as does their association with oncogenesis rather than non-oncogenic B cell diseases, differential expression in B cell malignancies, and correlation with CLL stage and some predictive CLL markers. This potential should be investigated in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Gamonet
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Bole-Richard
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Aurélia Delherme
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - François Aubin
- EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Eric Toussirot
- EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France ; CHRU, Department of Rheumatology, Université de Franche-Comté EA 4266, INSERM CIC-1431, 25000 Besançon, France ; EA 4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Francine Garnache-Ottou
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Godet
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Inserm U1037, Université Toulouse 3-ERL CNRS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Tournilhac
- Hématologie Clinique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Fabrice Larosa
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; Hematology Department, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Deconinck
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France ; Hematology Department, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; Laboratoire de Thérapeutique Immuno-Moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers, INSERM UMR1098, Etablissement Français du Sang-Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, 8, rue du Docteur Jean-François-Xavier Girod, 25020 Besançon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurological disease of the CNS that goes along with demyelination and neurodegeneration. It is probably caused by an autoimmune response against the CNS, which emerges from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Although major progress has been made in the treatment of MS, it is still the leading cause for acquired nontraumatic neurological disability in young adults. Several therapeutic agents have been approved for the treatment of relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), aiming at the reduction of relapses and a delay in disability progression. Three therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20-positive B cells (rituximab, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab) were investigated in MRI-based Phase II and Phase III trials in RRMS, providing consistent evidence for a disease-ameliorating effect of B cell depleting therapies in MS. Here, we discuss the role of B cells and review current and future therapeutic approaches to target B cells in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Gasperi
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
- Departments of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aguiar-Bujanda D, Blanco-Sánchez MJ, Hernández-Sosa M, Galván-Ruíz S, Hernández-Sarmiento S. Critical appraisal of rituximab in the maintenance treatment of advanced follicular lymphoma. Cancer Manag Res 2015; 7:319-30. [PMID: 26604821 PMCID: PMC4629955 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s69145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is an IgG1, chimeric monoclonal antibody specifically designed to recognize the CD20 antigen expressed on the surface of normal and malignant B-lymphocytes, from the B-cell precursor to the mature B-cells of the germinal center, and by most neoplasms derived from B-cells. After 2 decades of use, rituximab is firmly positioned in the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL), both in the front line and in the relapsing disease, improving previous results by including it in classical chemotherapy regimens. However, the pharmacology of rituximab continues to generate controversial issues especially regarding the mechanisms of action in vivo. The contribution of rituximab as a maintenance treatment in FL has been significant progress in the management of this disease without an increase in side effects or a decrease in the quality of life of patients. With the widespread use of rituximab, there are new security alerts and side effects not previously detected in the pivotal trials that clinicians should learn to recognize and manage. In this article, we will review the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rituximab, the management issues in the treatment of advanced FL focusing on maintenance rituximab, its long-term efficacy and safety profile, and its effect on the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Aguiar-Bujanda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Jesús Blanco-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Sosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Saray Galván-Ruíz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Samuel Hernández-Sarmiento
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mao YF, Guo ZY, Pu JL, Chen YX, Zhang BR. Association of CD33 and MS4A cluster variants with Alzheimer's disease in East Asian populations. Neurosci Lett 2015; 609:235-9. [PMID: 26455864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CD33 and MS4A cluster variants have been identified to modulate the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in several recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Caucasians. In the present study, we first conducted a case-control study to investigate the CD33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3865444 and rs3826656 and the MS4A cluster SNPs rs610932 and rs670139 in a cohort from eastern China that comprised 126 late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) patients and 129 healthy controls. The results revealed that the frequency of rs3826656 major (G) allele carriers was higher among the LOAD patients than among the controls [P=0.005; odds ratio (OR), 1.760; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.185-2.615]. In apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriers, the G allele of the SNP rs3865444 was found to be associated with an increased risk of LOAD (P=0.002; OR, 3.391; 95% CI, 1.512-7.605). Next, we re-evaluated the association between these variants and LOAD by conducting a meta-analysis using data from studies of East Asian populations, including the present case-control study, and confirmed that rs3826656 increased the risk of LOAD. In addition, we identified a significant association between rs610932 and LOAD (P=0.035; OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.98). Note that heterogeneity should be considered during the interpretation of these results; significant heterogeneity was identified among studies on rs3865444, even in a subgroup analysis based on stratification of studies by the country of origin. In summary, our results suggest that CD33 and MS4A cluster variants are associated with LOAD susceptibility in East Asian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhang-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Xing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Less than two decades ago, immunotherapy joined chemotherapy and radiotherapy as an effective approach for the treatment of cancer. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, is now used to treat almost all types of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas, and it could be useful in the treatment of other diseases with B-cell involvement. Upon binding, rituximab induces death of the target cells. It seems to act not only by activating immune system defense mechanisms such as complement-dependent and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, but also by inducing direct cell death. In this paper, we review current knowledge on rituximab mechanisms of action, with particular attention to its direct effects, and also highlight potential future avenues of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmunem Abulayha
- Cell Biology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Twisha, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pérez-Callejo D, González-Rincón J, Sánchez A, Provencio M, Sánchez-Beato M. Action and resistance of monoclonal CD20 antibodies therapy in B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:680-9. [PMID: 26045227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have improved patient's survival with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, when combined with chemotherapy. Several mechanisms of action have been reported, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis. Despite the large amount of studies and published data, the role each mechanism played in vivo is not fully understood. Furthermore, the reason why a significant percentage of patients are refractory or resistant remains unknown. Several activated intracellular signaling pathways have been implicated in the mechanisms of resistance of rituximab. In the present manuscript, we review those mechanisms and new anti-CD20 mAbs, as well as the efforts being accomplished to overcome it, focusing on new drugs targeting pathways implicated in resistance to rituximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pérez-Callejo
- Medical Oncology Service, HU Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Onco-Hematology Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J González-Rincón
- Medical Oncology Service, HU Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Onco-Hematology Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Sánchez
- Medical Oncology Service, HU Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Onco-Hematology Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Provencio
- Medical Oncology Service, HU Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Onco-Hematology Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Sánchez-Beato
- Medical Oncology Service, HU Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Onco-Hematology Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rue SM, Eckelman BP, Efe JA, Bloink K, Deveraux QL, Lowery D, Nasoff M. Identification of a candidate therapeutic antibody for treatment of canine B-cell lymphoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:148-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
48
|
Jones JD, Hamilton BJ, Skopelja S, Rigby WFC. Induction of interleukin-6 production by rituximab in human B cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:2938-46. [PMID: 25080282 DOI: 10.1002/art.38798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rituximab (RTX), an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is highly effective in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. The mechanism by which RTX treatment improves rheumatoid arthritis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is not easily related to B cell depletion alone. Prior studies have shown that RTX mediates a rapid stripping of CD20 and CD19 from the human B cell through a process known as trogocytosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether changes in B cell phenotype resulting from trogocytosis would diminish the ability of B cells to promote autoimmune disease. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with RTX under conditions that permitted trogocytosis. Changes in B cell phenotype and cytokine production were measured in the basal state and under conditions of activation with interleukin-4 (IL-4)/anti-CD40. The effects of RTX were characterized in terms of a requirement for interaction with the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) and other Fc-dependent interactions. RESULTS Trogocytosis induced a marked loss of surface CD19, IgD, CD40, and B cell-activating factor receptor, but did not alter induction of CD86 expression on purified B cells following IL-4/anti-CD40 treatment. Unexpectedly, RTX-dependent trogocytosis of normal human B cells in vitro led to a rapid up-regulation of IL-6 production, with no effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, interferon-γ, or IL-10. This effect was Fc-dependent and required the presence of an FcγR-bearing cell. Moreover, this effect involved the release of preformed intracellular IL-6 protein, as well as marked increases in IL-6 messenger RNA levels. CONCLUSION RTX-mediated trogocytosis of B cells in vitro results in acute production and release of IL-6. The nature of this effect and how it is related to the acute infusion reactions seen with RTX administration remain to be determined.
Collapse
|
49
|
Vaughan AT, Chan CHT, Klein C, Glennie MJ, Beers SA, Cragg MS. Activatory and inhibitory Fcγ receptors augment rituximab-mediated internalization of CD20 independent of signaling via the cytoplasmic domain. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5424-37. [PMID: 25568316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I anti-CD20 mAb such as rituximab and ofatumumab engage with the inhibitory FcγR, FcγRIIb on the surface of B cells, resulting in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) phosphorylation. Internalization of the CD20·mAb·FcγRIIb complex follows, the rate of which correlates with FcγRIIb expression. In contrast, although type II anti-CD20 mAb such as tositumomab and obinutuzumab also interact with and activate FcγRIIb, this interaction fails to augment the rate of CD20·mAb internalization, raising the question of whether ITIM phosphorylation plays any role in this process. We have assessed the molecular requirements for the internalization process and demonstrate that in contrast to internalization of IgG immune complexes, FcγRIIb-augmented internalization of rituximab-ligated CD20 occurs independently of the FcγRIIb ITIM, indicating that signaling downstream of FcγRIIb is not required. In transfected cells, activatory FcγRI, FcγRIIa, and FcγRIIIa augmented internalization of rituximab-ligated CD20 in a similar manner. However, FcγRIIa mediated a slower rate of internalization than cells expressing equivalent levels of the highly homologous FcγRIIb. The difference was maintained in cells expressing FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb lacking cytoplasmic domains and in which the transmembrane domains had been exchanged. This difference may be due to increased degradation of FcγRIIa, which traffics to lysosomes independently of rituximab. We conclude that the cytoplasmic domain of FcγR is not required for promoting internalization of rituximab-ligated CD20. Instead, we propose that FcγR provides a structural role in augmenting endocytosis that differs from that employed during the endocytosis of immune complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Vaughan
- From the Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom and
| | - Claude H T Chan
- From the Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom and
| | - Christian Klein
- the Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Glennie
- From the Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom and
| | - Stephen A Beers
- From the Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom and
| | - Mark S Cragg
- From the Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom and
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schieffer D, Naware S, Bakun W, Bamezai AK. Lipid raft-based membrane order is important for antigen-specific clonal expansion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:58. [PMID: 25494999 PMCID: PMC4270042 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid rafts are cholesterol and saturated lipid-rich, nanometer sized membrane domains that are hypothesized to play an important role in compartmentalization and spatiotemporal regulation of cellular signaling. Lipid rafts contribute to the plasma membrane order and to its spatial asymmetry, as well. The raft nanodomains on the surface of CD4+ T lymphocytes coalesce during their interaction with antigen presenting cells (APCs). Sensing of foreign antigen by the antigen receptor on CD4+ T cells occurs during these cell-cell interactions. In response to foreign antigen the CD4+ T cells proliferate, allowing the expansion of few antigen-specific primary CD4+ T cell clones. Proliferating CD4+ T cells specialize in their function by undergoing differentiation into appropriate effectors tailored to mount an effective adaptive immune response against the invading pathogen. Results To investigate the role of lipid raft-based membrane order in the clonal expansion phase of primary CD4+ T cells, we have disrupted membrane order by incorporating an oxysterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), into the plasma membrane of primary CD4+ T cells expressing a T cell receptor specific to chicken ovalbumin323–339 peptide sequence and tested their antigen-specific response. We report that 7-KC, at concentrations that disrupt lipid rafts, significantly diminish the c-Ovalbumin323–339 peptide-specific clonal expansion of primary CD4+ T cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that lipid raft-based membrane order is important for clonal expansion of CD4+ T cells in response to a model peptide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-014-0058-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schieffer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA. .,Current Address: DeNovix Inc, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA.
| | - Sanya Naware
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA. .,Current Address: M.D. Program, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Walter Bakun
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
| | - Anil K Bamezai
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
| |
Collapse
|