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Noll B, Beckman M, Bahrani Mougeot F, Mougeot JL. Exploring Salivary Epithelial Dysfunction in Sjögren's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4973. [PMID: 38732189 PMCID: PMC11084897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease of the exocrine tissues. Etiological events result in the loss of epithelial homeostasis alongside extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction within the salivary and lacrimal glands, followed by immune cell infiltration. In this review, we have assessed the current understanding of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated changes within the salivary epithelium potentially involved in salivary dysfunction and SjD pathogenesis. We performed a PubMed literature review pertaining to the determination of pathogenic events that lead to EMT-related epithelial dysfunction and signaling in SjD. Molecular patterns of epithelial dysfunction in SjD salivary glands share commonalities with EMT mediating wound healing. Pathological changes altering salivary gland integrity and function may precede direct immune involvement while perpetuating MMP9-mediated ECM destruction, inflammatory mediator expression, and eventual immune cell infiltration. Dysregulation of EMT-associated factors is present in the salivary epithelium of SjD and may be significant in initiating and perpetuating the disease. In this review, we further highlight the gap regarding mechanisms that drive epithelial dysfunction in salivary glands in the early or subclinical pre-lymphocytic infiltration stages of SjD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton Noll
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Micaela Beckman
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Farah Bahrani Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratories, Cannon Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1542 Garden Terrace, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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2
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Amniouel S, Jafri MS. High-accuracy prediction of colorectal cancer chemotherapy efficacy using machine learning applied to gene expression data. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1272206. [PMID: 38304289 PMCID: PMC10830836 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1272206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: FOLFOX and FOLFIRI chemotherapy are considered standard first-line treatment options for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the criteria for selecting the appropriate treatments have not been thoroughly analyzed. Methods: A newly developed machine learning model was applied on several gene expression data from the public repository GEO database to identify molecular signatures predictive of efficacy of 5-FU based combination chemotherapy (FOLFOX and FOLFIRI) in patients with CRC. The model was trained using 5-fold cross validation and multiple feature selection methods including LASSO and VarSelRF methods. Random Forest and support vector machine classifiers were applied to evaluate the performance of the models. Results and Discussion: For the CRC GEO dataset samples from patients who received either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, validation and test sets were >90% correctly classified (accuracy), with specificity and sensitivity ranging between 85%-95%. In the datasets used from the GEO database, 28.6% of patients who failed the treatment therapy they received are predicted to benefit from the alternative treatment. Analysis of the gene signature suggests the mechanistic difference between colorectal cancers that respond and those that do not respond to FOLFOX and FOLFIRI. Application of this machine learning approach could lead to improvements in treatment outcomes for patients with CRC and other cancers after additional appropriate clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Amniouel
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Mohsin Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Consoli V, Fallica AN, Sorrenti V, Pittalà V, Vanella L. Novel Insights on Ferroptosis Modulation as Potential Strategy for Cancer Treatment: When Nature Kills. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:40-85. [PMID: 37132605 PMCID: PMC10824235 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The multifactorial nature of the mechanisms implicated in cancer development still represents a major issue for the success of established antitumor therapies. The discovery of ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis, along with the identification of the molecular pathways activated during its execution, has led to the uncovering of novel molecules characterized by ferroptosis-inducing properties. Recent advances: As of today, the ferroptosis-inducing properties of compounds derived from natural sources have been investigated and interesting findings have been reported both in vitro and in vivo. Critical Issues: Despite the efforts made so far, only a limited number of synthetic compounds have been identified as ferroptosis inducers, and their utilization is still limited to basic research. In this review, we analyzed the most important biochemical pathways involved in ferroptosis execution, with particular attention to the newest literature findings on canonical and non-canonical hallmarks, together with mechanisms of action of natural compounds identified as novel ferroptosis inducers. Compounds have been classified based on their chemical structure, and modulation of ferroptosis-related biochemical pathways has been reported. Future Directions: The outcomes herein collected represent a fascinating starting point from which to take hints for future drug discovery studies aimed at identifying ferroptosis-inducing natural compounds for anticancer therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 40-85.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Consoli
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, CERNUT—Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, CERNUT—Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, CERNUT—Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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4
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Asadzadeh Z, Hemmat N, Hassanian H, Alizadeh N, Mokhtarzadeh A, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Unraveling dedifferentiation and metastasis traces in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ductal cells: Insights from single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of ITGB4 and C19orf33. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155012. [PMID: 38071887 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks among the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies, with risk factors including smoking, alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity, age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Extensive research has focused on unraveling biomarkers and molecular intricacies associated with PDAC. Leveraging data from the Gene Expression Omnibus microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, our study identified ITGB4 and C19orf33 as potentially differentially expressed genes in PDAC samples when contrasted with non-malignant tissues. Notably, these genes exhibited a strong correlative expression pattern, primarily within ductal cells. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis corroborated our findings, further confirming the correlation between ITGB4 and C19orf33. Additionally, we conducted experiments involving two pivotal PDAC-related cell lines, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, treated with oxaliplatin and 5-Fluorouracil. We also assessed the expression of these candidate genes in PDAC samples in comparison to adjacent normal tissues. Our findings revealed that C19orf33 is upregulated in PDAC samples, and treatment of PDAC cells with chemotherapeutic agents led to a correlated decrease in the expression of both ITGB4 and C19orf33. These co-expressed and correlated genes are implicated in relevant signaling pathways, suggesting shared biological activities that may contribute to the promotion of metastasis within malignant ductal cells. This study identifies ITGB4 and C19orf33 as key genes potentially shedding light on the molecular mechanisms driving tumorigenesis and metastasis in PDAC. These genes hold promise as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets, offering valuable insights into the management of this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hassanian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Jiang X, Xu Z, Jiang S, Wang H, Xiao M, Shi Y, Wang K. PDZ and LIM Domain-Encoding Genes: Their Role in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5042. [PMID: 37894409 PMCID: PMC10605254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-LIM family proteins (PDLIMs) are a kind of scaffolding proteins that contain PDZ and LIM interaction domains. As protein-protein interacting molecules, PDZ and LIM domains function as scaffolds to bind to a variety of proteins. The PDLIMs are composed of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout different species. They can participate in cell signal transduction by mediating the interaction of signal molecules. They are involved in many important physiological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and the maintenance of cellular structural integrity. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the PDLIMs leads to tumor formation and development. In this paper, we review and integrate the current knowledge on PDLIMs. The structure and function of the PDZ and LIM structural domains and the role of the PDLIMs in tumor development are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
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6
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Alaouna M, Penny C, Hull R, Molefi T, Chauke-Malinga N, Khanyile R, Makgoka M, Bida M, Dlamini Z. Overcoming the Challenges of Phytochemicals in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy: The Path Forward. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2350. [PMID: 37375975 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptor expression. TNBC is thought to be produced by Wnt, Notch, TGF-beta, and VEGF pathway activation, which leads to cell invasion and metastasis. To address this, the use of phytochemicals as a therapeutic option for TNBC has been researched. Plants contain natural compounds known as phytochemicals. Curcumin, resveratrol, and EGCG are phytochemicals that have been found to inhibit the pathways that cause TNBC, but their limited bioavailability and lack of clinical evidence for their use as single therapies pose challenges to the use of these phytochemical therapies. More research is required to better understand the role of phytochemicals in TNBC therapy, or to advance the development of more effective delivery mechanisms for these phytochemicals to the site where they are required. This review will discuss the promise shown by phytochemicals as a treatment option for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alaouna
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Nkhensani Chauke-Malinga
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Malose Makgoka
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Meshack Bida
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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7
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Miao J, Ma H, Yang Y, Liao Y, Lin C, Zheng J, Yu M, Lan J. Microglia in Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1201982. [PMID: 37396657 PMCID: PMC10309009 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1201982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregation in the brain. Recent studies have revealed the critical role of microglia in AD pathogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of microglial involvement in AD, focusing on genetic determinants, phenotypic state, phagocytic capacity, neuroinflammatory response, and impact on synaptic plasticity and neuronal regulation. Furthermore, recent developments in drug discovery targeting microglia in AD are reviewed, highlighting potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. This review emphasizes the essential role of microglia in AD and provides insights into potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Miao
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanpin Liao
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cui Lin
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juanxia Zheng
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muli Yu
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Lan
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Koivusalo S, Schmidt A, Manninen A, Wenta T. Regulation of Kinase Signaling Pathways by α6β4-Integrins and Plectin in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 36612146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes (HDs) are adhesive structures that ensure stable anchorage of cells to the basement membrane. They are formed by α6β4-integrin heterodimers and linked to intermediate filaments via plectin. It has been reported that one of the most common events during the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) is the loss of HD organization. While the expression levels of β4-integrins are strongly reduced, the expression levels of α6-integrins and plectin are maintained or even elevated, and seem to promote tumorigenic properties of PCa cells, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis- and drug-resistance. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of how HD components might contribute to various cellular signaling pathways to promote prostate carcinogenesis. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of α6β4-integrins and plectin in PCa initiation and progression.
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Chen M, Marrs B, Qi L, Knifley T, Weiss HL, D’Orazio JA, O’Connor KL. Integrin α6β4 signals through DNA damage response pathway to sensitize breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1043538. [PMID: 36439467 PMCID: PMC9686853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1043538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α6β4 is highly expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and drives its most aggressive traits; however, its impact on chemotherapeutic efficacy remains untested. We found that integrin α6β4 signaling promoted sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin but not to other chemotherapies tested. Mechanistic investigations revealed that integrin α6β4 stimulated the activation of ATM, p53, and 53BP1, which required the integrin β4 signaling domain. Genetic manipulation of gene expression demonstrated that mutant p53 cooperated with integrin α6β4 for cisplatin sensitivity and was necessary for downstream phosphorylation of 53BP1 and enhanced ATM activation. Additionally, we found that in response to cisplatin-induced DNA double strand break (DSB), integrin α6β4 suppressed the homologous recombination (HR) activity and enhanced non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair activity. Finally, we discovered that integrin α6β4 preferentially activated DNA-PK, facilitated DNA-PK-p53 and p53-53BP1 complex formation in response to cisplatin and required DNA-PK to enhance ATM, 53BP1 and p53 activation as well as cisplatin sensitivity. In summary, we discovered a novel function of integrin α6β4 in promoting cisplatin sensitivity in TNBC through DNA damage response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brock Marrs
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Teresa Knifley
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - John A. D’Orazio
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kathleen L. O’Connor
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Guo L, Jin Y, Yang Y, Liu J, Liu C, Zeng Y, Guo Q, Liu W. Calcicoptosis induced by purple sweet potato anthocyanins through the nonosmotic regulation of the NFAT5/S100A4-S100A9 pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200447. [PMID: 35924786 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purple sweet potato is considered an abundant, inexpensive, and ideal source of anthocyanins. Purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs) have been shown to possess high antimutagenicity and antitumor effects due to the abundance of acylated anthocyanins. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of PSPA effects in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), remain unclear. In this study, the antileukemic effects of PSPAs and the underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated by in vitro and in silico assays. PSPAs extracted from ten cultivars were analyzed and quantified. Anthocyanins from Nanzi 018, which showed the best antileukemic effect, were selected to analyze the underlying mechanism. First, the PSPAs potently reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis. Additionally, the PSPAs sharply increased intracellular Ca 2+ levels, which resulted in calcium overload in T-ALL cells. Furthermore, on the basis of bioinformatics analyses, we focused on an osmotically regulated transcription factor, NFAT5. Molecular docking preliminarily indicated that PSPA molecules bound and interacted with the NFAT5 protein. Western blot analyses confirmed that PSPAs elicited calcium overload by nonosmotic regulation of NFAT5/S100A4-S100A9 pathway activation. Moreover, pretreatment with a NFAT5 inducer confirmed that PSPAs targeted NFAT5 and affected p38/NF-κB/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 axis activation. This study demonstrates that PSPAs exert their antileukemic effects through calcicoptosis induction by targeting NFAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, No.25 Taiping road, 646000, Luzhou, CHINA
| | - Yanling Jin
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, No.9 section 4 Renmin road south, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - You Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, No.25 Taiping road, 646000, Luzhou, CHINA
| | - Jing Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, No.25 Taiping road, 646000, Luzhou, CHINA
| | - Chunyan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, No.25 Taiping road, 646000, Luzhou, CHINA
| | - Yan Zeng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, No.25 Taiping road, 646000, Luzhou, CHINA
| | - Qulian Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, No.25 Taiping road, 646000, Luzhou, CHINA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, No.25 Taiping road, 646000, Luzhou, CHINA
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Methatham T, Nagai R, Aizawa K. A New Hypothetical Concept in Metabolic Understanding of Cardiac Fibrosis: Glycolysis Combined with TGF-β and KLF5 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4302. [PMID: 35457114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibrosis in cardiac tissues is one of the leading causes of heart failure. The principal cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis are activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which serve as the primary source of matrix proteins. TGF-β signaling pathways play a prominent role in cardiac fibrosis. The control of TGF-β by KLF5 in cardiac fibrosis has been demonstrated for modulating cardiovascular remodeling. Since the expression of KLF5 is reduced, the accumulation of fibrosis diminishes. Because the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still being explored, there are currently few options for effectively reducing or reversing it. Studying metabolic alterations is considered an essential process that supports the explanation of fibrosis in a variety of organs and especially the glycolysis alteration in the heart. However, the interplay among the main factors involved in fibrosis pathogenesis, namely TGF-β, KLF5, and the metabolic process in glycolysis, is still indistinct. In this review, we explain what we know about cardiac fibroblasts and how they could help with heart repair. Moreover, we hypothesize and summarize the knowledge trend on the molecular mechanism of TGF-β, KLF5, the role of the glycolysis pathway in fibrosis, and present the future therapy of cardiac fibrosis. These studies may target therapies that could become important strategies for fibrosis reduction in the future.
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12
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Qi L, Knifley T, Chen M, O'Connor KL. Integrin α6β4 requires plectin and vimentin for adhesion complex distribution and invasive growth. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:273711. [PMID: 34897465 PMCID: PMC8917354 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin α6β4 binds plectin to associate with vimentin; however, the biological function remains unclear. Here, we utilized various integrin β4 mutants and CRISPR-Cas9 editing to investigate this association. Upon laminin binding, integrin α6β4 distinctly distributed peripherally as well as centrally, proximal to the nucleus. Upon fibronectin addition, integrin α6β4 was centrally recruited to large focal adhesions (FAs) and enhanced Fak (also known as PTK2) phosphorylation. Integrin β4 plectin-binding mutants or genetic deletion of plectin inhibited β4 recruitment to FAs and integrin α6β4-enhanced cell spreading, migration and three-dimensional invasive growth. Loss of the β4 signaling domain (but retaining plectin binding) blocked migration and invasiveness but not cell spreading, recruitment to FAs or colony growth. Immunostaining revealed that integrin α6β4 redistributed vimentin perinuclearly, where it colocalized with plectin and FAs. Depletion of vimentin completely blocked integrin β4-enhanced invasive growth, Fak phosphorylation and proliferation in three dimensions but not two dimensions. In summary, we demonstrate the essential roles of plectin and vimentin in promoting an invasive phenotype downstream of integrin α6β4. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA
| | - Teresa Knifley
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA,Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA
| | - Kathleen L. O'Connor
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0509, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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Deo AN, Thorat R, Dhadve AC, De A, Rekhi B, Ray P. IGF1R-α6 integrin-S100A4 network governs the organ-specific metastasis of chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166282. [PMID: 34600083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is challenging and associated with treatment limitations, as the mechanisms governing the metastatic behavior of chemoresistant EOC cells remain elusive. Using orthotopic xenograft mouse models of sensitive and acquired platinum-taxol-resistant A2780 EOC cells, we studied the mechanistic role of insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling in the regulation of organ-specific metastasis of EOC cells undergoing acquirement of chemoresistance. Biochemical assays and organ-specific fibroblast-EOC cell co-culture were used to study the differential metastatic characteristics of sensitive vs. chemoresistant EOC cells, and the key molecule/s underlying the organ-specific homing of chemoresistant EOC cells were identified through subtractive LC/MS profiling of the co-culture secretome. The role of the identified molecule was validated through genetic/pharmacologic perturbation experiments. Acquired chemoresistance augmented organ-specific metastasis of EOC cells and enhanced lung homing, particularly for the late-stage chemoresistant cells, which was abrogated after IGF1R silencing. Escalation of chemoresistance (intrinsic and acquired) conferred EOC cells with higher adhesion toward primary lung fibroblasts, largely governed by the α6 integrin-IGF1R dual signaling axes. Subtractive analysis of the co-culture secretome revealed that interaction with lung fibroblasts induced the secretion of S100A4 from highly resistant EOC cells, which reciprocally activated lung fibroblasts. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of S100A4 significantly lowered distant metastases and completely abrogated lung-tropic nature of late-stage chemoresistant EOC cells. These results indicate that chemoresistance exacerbates organ-specific metastasis of EOC cells via the IGF1R-α6 integrin-S100A4 molecular network, of which S100A4 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of recurrent metastatic EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Nitin Deo
- Imaging Cell Signalling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Chandrakant Dhadve
- Imaging Cell Signalling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signalling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, Maharashtra, India.
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Alghfeli L, Parambath D, Manzoor S, Roach HI, Oreffo RO, El-Serafi AT. Synthesis of scaffold-free, three dimensional, osteogenic constructs following culture of skeletal osteoprogenitor cells on glass surfaces. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101143. [PMID: 34746337 PMCID: PMC8554168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient differentiation of stem cells into three-dimensional (3D) osteogenic construct is still an unmet challenge. These constructs can be crucial for patients with bone defects due to congenital or traumatic reasons. The modulation of cell fate and function as a consequence of interaction with the physical and chemical properties of materials is well known. METHODS The current study has examined the osteogenic differentiation potential of human skeletal populations following culture on glass surfaces, as a monolayer, or in glass tubes as a pellet culture. The 3D prosperities were assessed morphometrically and the differentiation was evaluated through molecular characterization as well as matrix formation. RESULTS Early temporal expression of alkaline phosphatase expression of skeletal populations was observed following culture on glass surfaces. Skeletal populations seeded on glass tubes, adhered as a monolayer to the tube base and subsequently formed 3D pellets at the air -media interface. The pellets cultured on glass displayed 4.9 ± 1.3 times the weight and 2.9 ± 0.1 the diameter of their counterpart cultured in plastic tubes and displayed enhanced production of osteogenic matrix proteins, such a collagen I and osteonectin. The size and weight of the pellets correlated with surface area in contrast to cell numbers seeded. Global DNA methylation level was decreased in pellets cultured on glass. In contrast, gene expression analysis confirmed upregulation extracellular matrix proteins and osteogenesis-related growth factors. CONCLUSION This simple approach to the culture of skeletal cells on glass tubes provides a scaffold-free, 3D construct platform for generating pellets enabling analysis and evaluation of tissue development and integration of multiple constructs with implications for tissue repair and regenerative application on scale-up.
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Key Words
- 3D culture
- 3D, three-dimensional
- A/S, Alcian blue/Sirius red/Weigert's haematoxylin
- ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- BMP, bone morphogenic protein
- BMSC, human bone marrow stromal
- CSF, colony stimulating factor
- Ct, Cycle threshold
- Differentiation
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FC, Fetal bone cells
- FCS, Fetal Calf Serum
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FN1, fibronectin
- GLI, GLI family zinc finger 1
- HIPPIE, Human Integrated Protein Interaction Reference
- ITGA3, integrin A3
- MMP, matrix metalloprotease
- Osteogenesis
- Osteoprogenitor cells
- P/S, penicillin and streptomycin
- Pellets
- R, receptor
- TGF, β transforming growth factor beta
- TGFBR2 transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 VDR, vitamin D receptor
- gDNA, genomic DNA
- iMSC, immortalized human bone marrow derived, mesenchymal stem cells
- vWF, von Willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Alghfeli
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divyasree Parambath
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaista Manzoor
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Helmtrud I. Roach
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, UK
| | - Richard O.C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, UK
| | - Ahmed T. El-Serafi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Sweden
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Chen H, Chengalvala V, Hu H, Sun D. Tumor-derived exosomes: Nanovesicles made by cancer cells to promote cancer metastasis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2136-2149. [PMID: 34522581 PMCID: PMC8424275 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine usually refers to nanoparticles that deliver the functional drugs and siRNAs to treat cancer. Recent research has suggested that cancer cells can also make nanoparticles that also deliver functional molecules in promoting cancer metastasis, which is the leading cause of various cancer mortalities. This nanoparticle is called tumor-derived vesicles, or better-known as tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs). TEXs are nanoscale membrane vesicles (30-140 nm) that are released continuously by various types of cancer cells and contain tumor-derived functional biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and genetic molecules. These endogenous TEXs can interact with host immune cells and epithelial cells locally and systemically. More importantly, they can reprogram the recipient cells in favor of promoting metastasis through facilitating tumor cell local invasion, intravasation, immune evasion, extravasation, and survival and growth in distant organs. Growing evidence suggests that TEXs play a key role in cancer metastasis. Here, we will review the most recent findings of how cancer cells harness TEXs to promote cancer metastasis through modulating vascular permeability, suppressing systemic immune surveillance, and creating metastatic niches. We will also summarize recent research in targeting TEXs to treat cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Venkata Chengalvala
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongxiang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Guo L, Liu J, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Yuan F, Zhong F, Jin Y, Wan R, Liu W. Purple sweet potato anthocyanins elicit calcium overload-induced cell death by inhibiting the calcium-binding protein S100A4 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Manzo G. Specific and Aspecific Molecular Checkpoints as Potential Targets for Dismantling Tumor Hierarchy and Preventing Relapse and Metastasis Through Shielded Cytolytic Treatments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665321. [PMID: 34295890 PMCID: PMC8291084 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
I have recently theorized that several similarities exist between the tumor process and embryo development. Starting from an initial cancer stem cell (CSC0), similar to an embryonic stem cell (ESC), after implantation in a niche, primary self-renewing CSCs (CSC1s) would arise, which then generate secondary proliferating CSCs (CSC2s). From these epithelial CSCs, tertiary mesenchymal CSCs (CSC3s) would arise, which, under favorable stereotrophic conditions, by asymmetric proliferation, would generate cancer progenitor cells (CPCs) and then cancer differentiated cells (CDCs), thus giving a defined cell heterogeneity and hierarchy. CSC1s-CSC2s-CSC3s-CPCs-CDCs would constitute a defined "tumor growth module," able to generate new tumor modules, forming a spherical avascular mass, similar to a tumor sphere. Further growth in situ of this initial tumor would require implantation in the host and vascularization through the overexpression of some aspecific checkpoint molecules, such as CD44, ID, LIF, HSP70, and HLA-G. To expand and spread in the host tissues, this vascularized tumor would then carry on a real growth strategy based on other specific checkpoint factors, such as those contained in the extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely, microRNAs, messenger RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and integrins. These EV components would be crucial in tumor progression because they can mediate intercellular communications in the surrounding microenvironment and systemically, dictating to recipient cells a new tumor-enslaved phenotype, thus determining pre-metastatic conditions. Moreover, by their induction properties, the EV contents could also frustrate in time the effects of cytolytic tumor therapies, where EVs released by killed CSCs might enter other cancer and non-cancer cells, thus giving chemoresistance, non-CSC/CSC transition (recurrence), and metastasis. Thus, antitumor cytotoxic treatments, "shielded" from the EV-specific checkpoints by suitable adjuvant agents, simultaneously targeting the aforesaid aspecific checkpoints should be necessary for dismantling the hierarchic tumor structure, avoiding recurrence and preventing metastasis.
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Miskin RP, Warren JSA, Ndoye A, Wu L, Lamar JM, DiPersio CM. Integrin α3β1 Promotes Invasive and Metastatic Properties of Breast Cancer Cells through Induction of the Brn-2 Transcription Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:480. [PMID: 33513758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly lethal with limited therapy options. Integrin α3β1 is a cell surface receptor that interacts with the extracellular matrix and facilitates communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment. α3β1 is implicated in breast cancer progression and metastasis, so understanding mechanisms by which α3β1 promotes invasion and metastasis will facilitate the development of this integrin as a potential therapeutic target. Here we identify a novel role for α3β1 in promoting the expression of the transcription factor Brain-2 (Brn-2) in triple-negative breast cancer cells. We further report that Brn-2 promotes invasion and metastasis and partially restores invasion to cells in which expression of α3β1 has been suppressed. Bioinformatic analysis of patient datasets revealed a positive correlation between the expression of the genes encoding the integrin α3 subunit and Brn-2. In summary, our work identifies α3β1-mediated induction of Brn-2 as a mechanism that regulates invasive and metastatic properties of breast cancer cells. Abstract In the current study, we demonstrate that integrin α3β1 promotes invasive and metastatic traits of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells through induction of the transcription factor, Brain-2 (Brn-2). We show that RNAi-mediated suppression of α3β1 in MDA-MB-231 cells caused reduced expression of Brn-2 mRNA and protein and reduced activity of the BRN2 gene promoter. In addition, RNAi-targeting of Brn-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells decreased invasion in vitro and lung colonization in vivo, and exogenous Brn-2 expression partially restored invasion to cells in which α3β1 was suppressed. α3β1 promoted phosphorylation of Akt in MDA-MB-231 cells, and treatment of these cells with a pharmacological Akt inhibitor (MK-2206) reduced both Brn-2 expression and cell invasion, indicating that α3β1-Akt signaling contributes to Brn-2 induction. Analysis of RNAseq data from patients with invasive breast carcinoma revealed that high BRN2 expression correlates with poor survival. Moreover, high BRN2 expression positively correlates with high ITGA3 expression in basal-like breast cancer, which is consistent with our experimental findings that α3β1 induces Brn-2 in TNBC cells. Together, our study demonstrates a pro-invasive/pro-metastatic role for Brn-2 in breast cancer cells and identifies a role for integrin α3β1 in regulating Brn-2 expression, thereby revealing a novel mechanism of integrin-dependent breast cancer cell invasion.
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Tajbakhsh A, Read M, Barreto GE, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Gheibi-Hayat SM, Sahebkar A. Apoptotic neurons and amyloid-beta clearance by phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease: Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic outlooks. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173873. [PMID: 33460611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal survival and axonal renewal following central nervous system damage and in neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), can be enhanced by fast clearance of neuronal apoptotic debris, as well as the removal of amyloid beta (Aβ) by phagocytic cells through the process of efferocytosis. This process quickly inhibits the release of proinflammatory and antigenic autoimmune constituents, enhancing the formation of a microenvironment vital for neuronal survival and axonal regeneration. Therefore, the detrimental features associated with microglial phagocytosis uncoupling, such as the accumulation of apoptotic cells, inflammation and phagoptosis, could exacerbate the pathology in brain disease. Some mechanisms of efferocytosis could be targeted by several promising agents, such as curcumin, URMC-099 and Y-P30, which have emerged as potential treatments for AD. This review aims to investigate and update the current research regarding the signaling molecules and pathways involved in efferocytosis and how these could be targeted as a potential therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morgayn Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi-Hayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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20
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Mohammadi L, Mosayyebi B, Imani M, Rahmati M. Dexamethasone Reduces Cell Adhesion and Migration of T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 22:2494-2501. [PMID: 33319693 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666201214150427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) plays a pivotal role in tumor biological processes including progression and metastasis of cancer cells. Targeting these processes and detailed understanding of their underlying molecular mechanism is an essential step in cancer treatment. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a type of synthetic corticosteroid hormone used as adjuvant therapy in combination with current cancer treatments such as chemotherapy in order to alleviate its side effects like acute nausea and vomiting. Recent evidences have suggested that Dex may have antitumor characteristics. OBJECTIVE Dex affects the migration and adhesion of T47D breast cancer cells as well as cell adhesion molecules e.g., cadherin and integrin, and MMPs by regulating the expression levels of associated genes. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of Dex on the T47D breast cancer cell line through MTT assay. Cell adhesion assay and wound healing assay were performed to determine the impact of Dex on cell adhesion and cell migration, respectively. Moreover, real-time PCR was used to measure the levels of α and β integrin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9. RESULTS Dex decreased the viability of T47D cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Cell adhesion and migration of T47D cells were reduced upon Dex treatment. The expression of α and β integrin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were altered in response to the Dex treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that Dex may have a role in the prevention of metastasis in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bashir Mosayyebi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mahsa Imani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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Li Z, Chen L, Chen C, Zhou Y, Hu D, Yang J, Chen Y, Zhuo W, Mao M, Zhang X, Xu L, Wang L, Zhou J. Targeting ferroptosis in breast cancer. Biomark Res 2020; 8:58. [PMID: 33292585 PMCID: PMC7643412 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered distinct type of regulated cell death caused by the accumulation of lipid-based ROS. Metabolism and expression of specific genes affect the occurrence of ferroptosis, making it a promising therapeutic target to manage cancer. Here, we describe the current status of ferroptosis studies in breast cancer and trace the key regulators of ferroptosis back to previous studies. We also compare ferroptosis to common regulated cell death patterns and discuss the sensitivity to ferroptosis in different subtypes of breast cancer. We propose that viewing ferroptosis-related studies from a historical angle will accelerate the development of ferroptosis-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Lini Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Dengdi Hu
- Cixi People’s Hospital Medical and Health Group, 315300 Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wenying Zhuo
- Cixi People’s Hospital Medical and Health Group, 315300 Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Misha Mao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Zhang Y, Li Z. RNA binding proteins: Linking mechanotransduction and tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 496:30-40. [PMID: 33007411 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the leading cellular process that mammalian cells adopted to receive and respond to various mechanical cues from their local microenvironment. Increasing evidence suggests that mechano-transduction is involved in many physiological and disease conditions, ranging from early embryonic development, organogenesis, to a variety of human diseases including cancer. Mechanotransduction is mediated through several classes of senor proteins on the cell surface, intracellular signaling mediators, and core transcriptional regulation networks. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulating mechanotransduction and their association with cancer metastasis has received much attention in recent years. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a special group of nucleic acid interacting factors that participate in many important cellular processes. In this review, we would like to summarize recent research progresses in understanding the role of RBPs-mediated regulation in mechanotransduction and cancer metastasis. Those intriguing findings will provide novel insights for the disease and guide the potential development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Armacki M, Polaschek S, Waldenmaier M, Morawe M, Ruhland C, Schmid R, Lechel A, Tharehalli U, Steup C, Bektas Y, Li H, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Kruger S, Ormanns S, Walther P, Eiseler T, Seufferlein T. Protein Kinase D1, Reduced in Human Pancreatic Tumors, Increases Secretion of Small Extracellular Vesicles From Cancer Cells That Promote Metastasis to Lung in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1019-1035.e22. [PMID: 32446697 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic tumor cells release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) that contain lipids and proteins, RNA, and DNA molecules that might promote formation of metastases. It is not clear what cargo these vesicles contain and how they are released. Protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) inhibits cell motility and is believed to be dysregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. We investigated whether it regulates production of sEVs in pancreatic cancer cells and their ability to form premetastatic niches for pancreatic cancer cells in mice. METHODS We analyzed data from UALCAN and human pancreatic tissue microarrays to compare levels of PRKD1 between tumor and nontumor tissues. We studied mice with pancreas-specific disruption of Prkd1 (PRKD1KO mice), mice that express oncogenic KRAS (KC mice), and KC mice with disruption of Prkd1 (PRKD1KO-KC mice). Subcutaneous xenograft tumors were grown in NSG mice from Panc1 cells; some mice were then given injections of sEVs. Pancreata and lung tissues from mice were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction; we performed nanoparticle tracking analysis of plasma sEVs. The Prkd1 gene was disrupted in Panc1 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 or knocked down with small hairpin RNAs, or PRKD1 activity was inhibited with the selective inhibitor CRT0066101. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were analyzed by gene-expression microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. sEVs secreted by Panc1 cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Levels of PRKD1 were reduced in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues compared with nontumor tissues. PRKD1KO-KC mice developed more pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, at a faster rate, than KC mice, and had more lung metastases and significantly shorter average survival time. Serum from PRKD1KO-KC mice had increased levels of sEVs compared with KC mice. Pancreatic cancer cells with loss or inhibition of PRKD1 increased secretion of sEVs; loss of PRKD1 reduced phosphorylation of its substrate, cortactin, resulting in increased F-actin levels at the plasma membrane. sEVs from cells with loss or reduced expression of PRKD1 had altered content, and injection of these sEVs into mice increased metastasis of xenograft tumors to lung, compared with sEVs from pancreatic cells that expressed PRKD1. PRKD1-deficient pancreatic cancer cells showed increased loading of integrin α6β4 into sEVs-a process that required CD82. CONCLUSIONS Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has reduced levels of PRKD1 compared with nontumor pancreatic tissues. Loss of PRKD1 results in reduced phosphorylation of cortactin in pancreatic cancer cell lines, resulting in increased in F-actin at the plasma membrane and increased release of sEVs, with altered content. These sEVs promote metastasis of xenograft and pancreatic tumors to lung in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Armacki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Polaschek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Mareen Morawe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruhland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Steup
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yasin Bektas
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Kruger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Abstract
Cancer cells usually show different metabolic patterns compared with healthy cells due to the reprogramming of metabolic processes. The process of lipid metabolism undergoes notable changes, leading to the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. Additionally, this phenotype is considered an important marker of cancer cells. Lipid droplets are a highly dynamic type of organelle in the cell, which is composed of a neutral lipid core, a monolayer phospholipid membrane and lipid droplet-related proteins. Lipid droplets are involved in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, stress, immunity, signal transduction and protein trafficking. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations are currently the most effective therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer. Several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) that target these mutations, including gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib and osimertinib, have been widely used clinically. However, the development of acquired resistance has a major impact on the efficacy of these drugs. A number of previous studies have reported that the expression of lipid droplets in the tumor tissues of patients with lung cancer are elevated, whereas the association between elevated numbers of lipid droplets and drug resistance has received little attention. The present review describes the potential association between lipid droplets and drug resistance. Furthermore, the mechanisms and implications of lipid droplet accumulation in cancer cells are analyzed, as wells as the mechanism by which lipid droplets suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, which are essential for the development and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Jin
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
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25
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Abstract
The cardiac stroma plays essential roles in health and following cardiac damage. The major player of the stroma with respect to extracellular matrix deposition, maintenance and remodeling is the poorly defined fibroblast. It has long been recognized that there is considerable variability to the fibroblast phenotype. With the advent of new, high throughput analytical methods our understanding and appreciation of this heterogeneity has grown dramatically. This review aims to explore the diversity of cardiac fibroblasts and highlights new insights into the diverse nature of these cells and their progenitors as revealed by single cell sequencing and fate mapping studies. We propose that at least in part the observed heterogeneity is related to the existence of a differentiation cascade within stromal cells. Beyond in-organ heterogeneity, we also discuss how the stromal response to damage differs between non-regenerating organs such as the heart and regenerating organs such as skeletal muscle. In exploring possible causes for these differences, we outline that although fibrogenic cells from different organs overlap in many properties, they still possess organ-specific transcriptional signatures and differentiation biases that make them functionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Soliman
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
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26
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Taxerås SD, Galán M, Campderros L, Piquer‐Garcia I, Pellitero S, Martínez E, Puig R, Lucena I, Tarascó J, Moreno P, Balibrea J, Bel J, Murillo M, Martínez M, Ramon‐Krauel M, Puig‐Domingo M, Villarroya F, Lerin C, Sánchez‐Infantes D. Differential association between S100A4 levels and insulin resistance in prepubertal children and adult subjects with clinically severe obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:99-106. [PMID: 32128247 PMCID: PMC7042100 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES S100A4 has been recently identified as an adipokine associated with insulin resistance (IR) in adult subjects with obesity. However, no data about its levels in children with obesity and only a few approaches regarding its potential mechanism of action have been reported. To obtain a deeper understanding of the role of S100A4 in obesity, (a) S100A4 levels were measured in prepubertal children and adult subjects with and without obesity and studied the relationship with IR and (b) the effects of S100A4 in cultured human adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were determined. METHODS Sixty-five children (50 with obesity, age 9.0 ±1.1 years and 15 normal weight, age 8.4 ±0.8 years) and fifty-nine adults (43 with severe obesity, age 46 ±11 years and 16 normal weight, age 45 ±9 years) were included. Blood from children and adults and adipose tissue samples from adults were obtained and analysed. Human adipocytes and VSMC were incubated with S100A4 to evaluate their response to this adipokine. RESULTS Circulating S100A4 levels were increased in both children (P = .002) and adults (P < .001) with obesity compared with their normal-weight controls. In subjects with obesity, S100A4 levels were associated with homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in adults (βstd = .42, P = .008) but not in children (βstd = .12, P = .356). Human adipocytes were not sensitive to S100A4, while incubation with this adipokine significantly reduced inflammatory markers in VSMC. CONCLUSIONS Our human data demonstrate that higher S100A4 levels are a marker of IR in adults with obesity but not in prepubertal children. Furthermore, the in vitro results suggest that S100A4 might exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether S100A4 can be a therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri D. Taxerås
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - María Galán
- Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau‐Programa ICCCBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Laura Campderros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Irene Piquer‐Garcia
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Eva Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rocío Puig
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Icíar Lucena
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jordi Tarascó
- Department of SurgeryGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pau Moreno
- Department of SurgeryGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - José Balibrea
- Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Unit, EAC‐BS Center of ExcellenceVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Joan Bel
- Department of PediatricGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Murillo
- Department of PediatricGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - María Martínez
- Department of PediatricGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Ramon‐Krauel
- Endocrinology DepartmentInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manel Puig‐Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology DepartmentInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Sánchez‐Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionGermans Trias i Pujol Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIIIMadridSpain
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Lang Z, Chen Y, Zhu H, Sun Y, Zhang H, Huang J, Zou Z. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CapG in various cancers: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152683. [PMID: 31685300 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gelsolin-like actin-capping protein (CapG) is an actin-binding protein in the gelsolin superfamily. Increasing evidence indicates that CapG is highly expressed in various types of cancer. However, the role of CapG in malignant tumors is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value and clinicopathological significance of CapG in malignant tumors. METHOD We searched for eligible studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Stata SE12.0 software was used for quantitative meta-analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were pooled to assess the relationship between CapG expression and overall survival (OS), as well as clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Sixteen studies with a total of 1987 cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that higher CapG expression was statistically correlated with shorter OS (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.43-1.97, P < 0.001), positive lymph node metastasis (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.19-3.09, P = 0.008), advanced TNM stage (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.17-3.00, P = 0.009), advanced T-primary stage (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.08-6.00, P = 0.033) and male sex (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.23-2.56, P = 0.002). However, no significant correlation was observed between increased CapG expression and advanced age, larger tumor size, differentiation, or advanced histopathologic grading (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High CapG expression is associated with a poor prognosis and worse clinicopathological parameters in various cancers. CapG is a potential prognostic biomarker and a possible clinicopathological predictive factor for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Lang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hanyan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Junfu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhenhong Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Baig MMFA, Zhang QW, Younis MR, Xia XH. A DNA Nanodevice Simultaneously Activating the EGFR and Integrin for Enhancing Cytoskeletal Activity and Cancer Cell Treatment. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7503-7513. [PMID: 31515999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors (e.g., EGFR and integrin) and their interactions play determining roles in signal transduction and cytoskeletal activation, which affect cell attachment/detachment, invasion, motility, metastasis (intracellular), and cell-cell signaling. For instance, the interactions between the EGFR and integrin (α6β4) may cause increased mechanical force and shear stress via enhanced cytoskeleton activation. Here, we design a DNA nanodevice (DNA-ND) that can simultaneously target the EGFR and integrin receptors on the caveolae. The piconewton (pN) forces in response to the EGFR-integrin coactivation can be sensed upon the unfolding of the DNA hairpin structure on the side arm of the device via changes of the fluorescence and plasmonic signals. We find that simultaneous activation of EGFR-integrin receptors causes enhanced signal transduction, contractions of the cells, and initiation of the biochemical pathways, thus resulting in a change of the cell division and endocytosis/exocytosis processes that affect the cell proliferation/apoptosis. The DNA-ND further enables us to visualize the cointernalization and degradation of the receptors by lysosomes, providing a novel approach toward bioimaging and mechano-pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qian-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Younis
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Malpique R, Sánchez-Infantes D, Garcia-Beltran C, Taxerås SD, López-Bermejo A, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L. Towards a circulating marker of hepato-visceral fat excess: S100A4 in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome - Evidence from randomized clinical trials. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12500. [PMID: 30653851 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
S100A4 is a marker of subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often driven by hepato-visceral adiposity. PCOS phenotypes are normalized more by reduction of central fat with spironolactone/pioglitazone/metformin (SPIOMET) than by oral contraceptive (OC) treatment. We studied whether circulating S100A4 concentrations are high in adolescents with PCOS and, if so, whether they normalize more with OC or SPIOMET. Assessments included circulating S100A4, endocrine markers, body composition, abdominal fat partitioning in controls (n = 12) and girls with PCOS (n = 51; age 15.8 y; body mass index [BMI] 24.5 kg/m2 ), and 1-year changes in girls with PCOS randomized for OC (n = 27) or SPIOMET (n = 24) treatment. Mean S100A4 concentrations were 71% higher (P < 0.001) in girls with PCOS than in controls and associated with hepato-visceral adiposity (r = 0.47; P = 0.001); S100A4 concentrations decreased more (P < 0.01) with SPIOMET, those decreases associating to hepato-visceral fat loss (r = 0.50; P < 0.0001). S100A4 may become a circulating marker of hepato-visceral fat excess in adolescents with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Malpique
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Garcia-Beltran
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Siri D Taxerås
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta & Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Meng X, Li Z, Zhou S, Xiao S, Yu P. miR-194 suppresses high glucose-induced non-small cell lung cancer cell progression by targeting NFAT5. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:1051-1059. [PMID: 30900402 PMCID: PMC6500961 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to an increased risk of lung cancer; however, the exact molecular basis is unclear. Methods We used a microarray method and found a group of microRNAs differently expressed in lung cancer cells at high or low glucose treatment. Results Among these, miR‐194 changed significantly, which indicated further analysis. miR‐194 was significantly downregulated in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells cultured in high glucose (HG) medium and clinical NSCLC tissues with DM. The introduction of miR‐194 significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells induced by HG, suggesting that miR‐194 may be a suppressor during HG‐induced NSCLC progression. Further analysis indicated that NFAT5 was a direct target gene of miR‐194, evidenced by the direct binding of miR‐194 with the 3’untranslated region of NFAT5. MiR‐194 could decrease the expression of NFAT5 at both messenger RNA and protein levels, while overexpression of NFAT5 reversed the decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion ability mediated by miR‐194 in lung cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of NSCLC progression. Therapeutically, miR‐194 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Meng
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy Hemodialysis, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenjin Li
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy Hemodialysis, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Zhou
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy Hemodialysis, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy Hemodialysis, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy Hemodialysis, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of high pancreatic cancer (PaCa) mortality and trials dampening PaCa mortality rates are not satisfying. Tumor progression is driven by the crosstalk between tumor cells, predominantly cancer-initiating cells (CIC), and surrounding cells and tissues as well as distant organs, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) are of major importance. A strong stroma reaction, recruitment of immunosuppressive leukocytes, perineural invasion, and early spread toward the peritoneal cavity, liver, and lung are shared with several epithelial cell-derived cancer, but are most prominent in PaCa. Here, we report on the state of knowledge on the PaCIC markers Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CD44v6, CXCR4, LRP5/6, LRG5, claudin7, EpCAM, and CD133, which all, but at different steps, are engaged in the metastatic cascade, frequently via PaCIC-TEX. This includes the contribution of PaCIC markers to TEX biogenesis, targeting, and uptake. We then discuss PaCa-selective features, where feedback loops between stromal elements and tumor cells, including distorted transcription, signal transduction, and metabolic shifts, establish vicious circles. For the latter particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are responsible, furnishing PaCa to cope with poor angiogenesis-promoted hypoxia by metabolic shifts and direct nutrient transfer via vesicles. Furthermore, nerves including Schwann cells deliver a large range of tumor cell attracting factors and Schwann cells additionally support PaCa cell survival by signaling receptor binding. PSC, tumor-associated macrophages, and components of the dysplastic stroma contribute to perineural invasion with signaling pathway activation including the cholinergic system. Last, PaCa aggressiveness is strongly assisted by the immune system. Although rich in immune cells, only immunosuppressive cells and factors are recovered in proximity to tumor cells and hamper effector immune cells entering the tumor stroma. Besides a paucity of immunostimulatory factors and receptors, immunosuppressive cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T-cells, and M2 macrophages as well as PSC actively inhibit effector cell activation. This accounts for NK cells of the non-adaptive and cytotoxic T-cells of the adaptive immune system. We anticipate further deciphering the molecular background of these recently unraveled intermingled phenomena may turn most lethal PaCa into a curatively treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Mu
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) has recently been classified as a new member of the Rel family. In addition, there are 5 more well-defined members (NF-κB and NFAT1-4) in the Rel family, which participate in regulating the expression of immune and inflammatory response-related genes. NFAT5 was initially identified in renal medullary cells where it regulated the expression of osmoprotective-related genes during the osmotic response. Many studies have demonstrated that NFAT5 is highly expressed in the nuclei of neurons in fetal and adult brains. Additionally, its expression is approximately 10-fold higher in fetal brains. With the development of detection technologies (laser scanning confocal microscopy, transgene technology, etc.), recent studies suggest that NFAT5 is also expressed in glial cells and plays a more diverse functional role. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the expression of NFAT5, its regulation of activation, and varied biological functions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
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Kim DH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. NFAT5 promotes in vivo development of murine melanoma metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:748-754. [PMID: 30293684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most fatal and aggressive skin cancers, originating from pigment-containing melanocytes. Despite progress in clinical research, treatment options for malignant melanoma have been limited. The nuclear factor of activated T-cell 5 (NFAT5), originally identified as tonicity regulated transcription factor Ton/EBP, is now known as a carcinogenic gene in several types of cancer pathology. In this study, we knocked down NFAT5 to investigate its role in melanoma cancer. shRNA-mediated knockdown of NFAT5 led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation in vitro. Additionally, depletion of NFAT5 inhibited the cell migratory ability of B16BL6 melanoma cells and led to more accumulation at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, NFAT5 was essential for the development of melanoma cancer pathophysiology in an in vivo mouse model. NFAT5 knockdown-induced tumor growth was slow and tumor volume was significantly reduced compared to mock controls. Moreover, NFAT5 knockdown was associated with a low number of metastatic nodules on the lung and liver. To our knowledge, our data demonstrate for the first time a role of NFAT5 in the development of melanoma. We provide evidence for NFAT5 as a marker of cell migration and metastasis, indicating that NFAT5 represents a novel therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tajbakhsh A, Rezaee M, Kovanen PT, Sahebkar A. Efferocytosis in atherosclerotic lesions: Malfunctioning regulatory pathways and control mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental cellular degradation mechanism that maintains cell homeostasis, regulates cell signaling, and promotes cell survival. Its role in promoting tumor cell survival in stress conditions is well characterized, and makes autophagy an attractive target for cancer therapy. Emerging research indicates that autophagy also influences cancer metastasis, which is the primary cause of cancer-associated mortality. However, data demonstrate that the regulatory role of autophagy in metastasis is multifaceted, and includes both metastasis-suppressing and -promoting functions. The metastasis-suppressing functions of autophagy, in particular, have important implications for autophagy-based treatments, as inhibition of autophagy may increase the risk of metastasis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and context underlying the role of autophagy in metastasis, which include autophagy-mediated regulation of focal adhesion dynamics, integrin signaling and trafficking, Rho GTPase-mediated cytoskeleton remodeling, anoikis resistance, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling, and tumor-stromal cell interactions. Through this, we aim to clarify the context-dependent nature of autophagy-mediated metastasis and provide direction for further research investigating the role of autophagy in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Dower
- a Department of Pediatrics , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA USA
| | - Carson A Wills
- a Department of Pediatrics , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA USA
| | - Steven M Frisch
- b WVU Cancer Institute, Department of Biochemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- a Department of Pediatrics , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA USA
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Cho HJ, Yun HJ, Yang HC, Kim SJ, Kang SK, Che C, Lee SD, Kang MW. Prognostic significance of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent surgical resection. J Surg Res 2018; 226:40-47. [PMID: 29661287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is known to be correlated with migration or invasion of tumor cells based on previous in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between NFAT5 expression and clinical prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent surgical resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 92 NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection were enrolled. The tissue microarray core was obtained from surgically resected tumor specimens. NFAT5 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Relationships of NFAT5 expression with disease recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of 92 patients was 63.7 y. The median follow-up duration was 63.3 mo. Fifty-one (55%) patients exhibited positive expression of NFAT5. Disease recurrence in the NFAT5-positive group was significantly (P = 0.022) higher than that in the NFAT5-negative group. NFAT5-positive expression (odds ratio: 2.632, 95% confidence interval: 1.071-6.465, P = 0.035) and pathologic N stage (N1-2 versus N0; odds ratio: 3.174, 95% confidence interval: 1.241-8.123, P = 0.016) were independent and significant risk factors for disease recurrence. DFS of the NFAT5-positive group was significantly worse than that of the NFAT5-negative group (89.7 versus 48.7 mo, P = 0.011). A multivariate analysis identified NFAT5 expression (P < 0.029) as a significant independent risk factor for DFS of patients with postoperative pathologic T and N stages (P < 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS NFAT5 expression is a useful prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Jung Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Shin Kwang Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chengri Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Sang Do Lee
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Min-Woong Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Fang J, Zhang JG, Deng HW, Wang YP. Joint Detection of Associations between DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Multiple Cancers. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2017; 22:1960-1969. [PMID: 29990049 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2017.2784621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in the development of various cancers mainly through the regulation on gene expression. Hence, the study on the relation between DNA methylation and gene expression is of particular interest to understand cancers. Recently, an increasing number of datasets are available from multiple cancers, which makes it possible to study both the similarity and difference of genomic alterations across multiple tumor types. However, most of the existing pan-cancer analysis methods perform simple aggregations, which may overlook the heterogeneity of the interactions. In this paper, we propose a novel method to jointly detect complex associations between DNA methylation and gene expression levels from multiple cancers. The main idea is to apply joint sparse canonical correlation analysis to detect a small set of methylated sites, which are associated with another set of genes either shared across cancers or specific to a particular group (group-specific) of cancers. These methylated sites and genes form a complex module with strong multivariate correlations. We further introduced a joint sparse precision matrix estimation method to identify driver methylation-gene pairs in the module. These pairs are characterized by significant partial correlations, which may imply high functional impacts and contribute to complementary information to the main step. We apply our method to The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) datasets with 1166 samples from four cancers. The results reveal significant shared and groupspecific interactions between DNA methylation and gene expression levels. To promote reproducible research, the Matlab code is available at https://sites.google.com/site/jianfang86/jointTCGA.
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Phillips JL, Taberlay PC, Woodworth AM, Hardy K, Brettingham‐moore KH, Dickinson JL, Holloway AF. Distinct mechanisms of regulation of the ITGA6 and ITGB4 genes by RUNX1 in myeloid cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:3439-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Aptamers which bind to proteins involved in cell-cell interactions could have significant value to directly affect cancer cell adhesion or for directed cargo delivery. Here, I discuss two aptamers: aptamer SDA which binds to E- and P-selectin, and aptamer IDA which binds to α6β4 integrin. Both aptamers (SDA 91 nt and IDA 77 nt) bind their target proteins with dissociation constants in the 100-150 nM range and substantially inhibit special cellular adhesion, possibly a first and pivotal step in transendothelial migration during metastasis formation. The aptamers' half-lives in cell culture media are between two and six hours. IDA is internalized by integrin presenting cells within minutes thus possibly serving as vehicle for directed cargo delivery.
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Verma NK, Kelleher D. Not Just an Adhesion Molecule: LFA-1 Contact Tunes the T Lymphocyte Program. J Immunol 2017; 199:1213-1221. [PMID: 28784685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The αLβ2 integrin LFA-1 is known to play a key role in T lymphocyte migration, which is necessary to mount a local immune response, and is also the main driver of autoimmune diseases. This migration-triggering signaling process in T cells is tightly regulated to permit an immune response that is appropriate to the local trigger, as well as to prevent deleterious tissue-damaging bystander effects. Emerging evidence shows that, in addition to prompting a diverse range of downstream signaling cascades, LFA-1 stimulation in T lymphocytes modulates gene-transcription programs, including genetic signatures of TGF-β and Notch pathways, with multifactorial biological outcomes. This review highlights recent findings and discusses molecular mechanisms by which LFA-1 signaling influence T lymphocyte differentiation into the effector subsets Th1, Th17, and induced regulatory T cells. We argue that LFA-1 contact with a cognate ligand, such as ICAM-1, independent of the immune synapse activates a late divergence in T cells' effector phenotypes, hence fine-tuning their functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and
| | - Dermot Kelleher
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and .,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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41
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Carpenter BL, Liu J, Qi L, Wang C, O'Connor KL. Integrin α6β4 Upregulates Amphiregulin and Epiregulin through Base Excision Repair-Mediated DNA Demethylation and Promotes Genome-wide DNA Hypomethylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6174. [PMID: 28733611 PMCID: PMC5522472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are a common theme across all cancer types. Specific DNA demethylation of regulatory sequences can result in upregulation of genes that are critical for tumor development and progression. Integrin α6β4 is highly expressed in pancreatic carcinoma and contributes to cancer progression, in part, through the specific DNA demethylation and upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG). Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) revealed that integrin α6β4 signaling promotes an overall hypomethylated state and site specific DNA demethylation of enhancer elements within the proximal promoters of AREG and EREG. Additionally, we find that the base excision repair (BER) pathway is required to maintain expression of AREG and EREG, as blocking DNA repair molecules, TET1 GADD45A, TDG, or PARP-1 decreased gene expression. Likewise, we provide the novel finding that integrin α6β4 confers an enhanced ability on cells to repair DNA lesions and survive insult. Therefore, while many known signaling functions mediated by integrin α6β4 that promote invasive properties have been established, this study demonstrates that integrin α6β4 can dramatically impact the epigenome of cancer cells, direct global DNA methylation levels toward a hypomethylated state, and impact DNA repair and subsequent cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Carpenter
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA
| | - Lei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Division of Cancer Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA
| | - Kathleen L O'Connor
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0509, USA.
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Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death and directly associates with cancer progression, resistance to anticancer therapy, and poor patient survival. Current efforts focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis attract a special attention to cancer researchers. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a complex of molecular program during embryogenesis, inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression and metastasis. S100A4, an important member of S100 family proteins, functions to increase the tumor progression and metastasis. The molecular mechanisms of S100A4 involving in the progression and metastasis are diverse in various malignant tumors. Detection of S100A4 expression becomes a promising candidate biomarker in cancer early diagnosis and prediction of cancer metastasis and therefore, S100A4 may be a therapeutic target. This review summarized up to date advancement on the role of S100A4 in human cancer development, progression, and metastasis and the underlying molecular events and then strategies to target S100A4 expression experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R.China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R.China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
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Ramovs V, te Molder L, Sonnenberg A. The opposing roles of laminin-binding integrins in cancer. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:213-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Acosta KB, Lorenzini Campos MN, Etcheverry SB, Zapata PD. α6β4 Integrin Genetic Variations (A380T and R1281W) and Breast Cancer Risk in an Argentinian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101540. [PMID: 27763564 PMCID: PMC5085617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The α6β4 integrin is composed of the α6 and β4 subunits that are encoded by the ITGα6 and the ITGβ4 genes, respectively. The α6β4 main function is to intervene in lamination and epithelia integrity maintenance by cell-matrix interactions. This integrin appears to have importance in breast cancer malignancy, as well as other epithelial carcinomas. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential role of ITGα6 (A380T) and ITGβ4 (R1281W) genetic variations in breast cancer susceptibility, in a female population from the northeast region of Argentina (Misiones). We performed a case-control study of 85 breast cancer patients and 113 cancer-free controls. Genotyping was performed by RFLP-PCR. For ITGα6 (A380T) single nucleotide polymorphism, a high frequency of heterozygous genotype GA in cases compared to controls was observed, achieving values of 48% and 49%, respectively. No association between the A380T SNP and breast cancer development was found (Odds Ratio = 0.92; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.52–1.63; p = 0.884). In conclusion, we did not find evidence of an association between A380T (ITGα6) and the risk of developing breast cancer. The results represent the first report of these genetic variations in breast cancer; therefore, they are an important contribution to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Beatriz Acosta
- Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. Maria EbeReca" (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Ruta Nacional Nº12 km 7 ½, Posadas 3300, Argentina.
| | - Melina Noelia Lorenzini Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. Maria EbeReca" (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Ruta Nacional Nº12 km 7 ½, Posadas 3300, Argentina.
| | - Susana Beatriz Etcheverry
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Pedro Dario Zapata
- Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. Maria EbeReca" (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Ruta Nacional Nº12 km 7 ½, Posadas 3300, Argentina.
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Nriagu J, Darroudi F, Shomar B. Health effects of desalinated water: Role of electrolyte disturbance in cancer development. Environ Res 2016; 150:191-204. [PMID: 27295409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review contends that "healthy" water in terms of electrolyte balance is as important as "pure" water in promoting public health. It considers the growing use of desalination (demineralization) technologies in drinking water treatment which often results in tap water with very low concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Ingestion of such water can lead to electrolyte abnormalities marked by hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia which are among the most common and recognizable features in cancer patients. The causal relationships between exposure to demineralized water and malignancies are poorly understood. This review highlights some of the epidemiological and in vivo evidence that link dysregulated electrolyte metabolism with carcinogenesis and the development of cancer hallmarks. It discusses how ingestion of demineralized water can have a procarcinogenic effect through mediating some of the critical pathways and processes in the cancer microenvironment such as angiogenesis, genomic instability, resistance to programmed cell death, sustained proliferative signaling, cell immortalization and tumorigenic inflammation. Evidence that hypoosmotic stress-response processes can upregulate a number of potential oncogenes is well supported by a number studies. In view of the rising production and consumption of demineralized water in most parts of the world, there is a strong need for further research on the biological importance and protean roles of electrolyte abnormalities in promoting, antagonizing or otherwise enabling the development of cancer. The countries of the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) where most people consume desalinated water would be a logical place to start this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Centre of Human Safety and Environmental Research, Department of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Doha, Qatar; Centre of Human Safety & Health and Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Red Crescent Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environmental and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Küper C, Beck FX, Neuhofer W. Autocrine MCP-1/CCR2 signaling stimulates proliferation and migration of renal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2201-2209. [PMID: 27602164 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1; also known as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2] is an important mediator of monocyte recruitment during inflammatory processes. Pathologically high expression levels of MCP-1 by tumor cells have been observed in a variety of cancer types. In the majority of cases, high MCP-1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis, as infiltration of the tumor with inflammatory monocytes promotes tumor progression and metastasis. MCP-1 is also expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present study, the function and the regulation of MCP-1 was investigated in two RCC cell lines, CaKi-1 and 786-O. In both cell lines, expression of MCP-1 was significantly enhanced compared with non-cancerous control cells. As expected, secretion of MCP-1 into the medium facilitated the recruitment of peripheral blood monocytes via the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor type 2 (CCR2). As expression of CCR2 was also detected in 786-O and CaKi-1 cells, the effect of autocrine MCP-1/CCR2 signaling was evaluated in these cells. In proliferation assays, administration of an MCP-1 neutralizing antibody or of a CCR2 antagonist to CaKi-1 and 786-O cells significantly decreased cell growth; supplementation of the growth medium with recombinant human MCP-1 had no additional effect on proliferation. The migration ability of RCC cells was impaired by MCP-1 neutralization or pharmacological CCR2 inhibition, while it was stimulated by the addition of recombinant human MCP-1, compared with untreated control cells. Finally, substantial differences in the regulation of MCP-1 expression were observed between RCC cell lines. In CaKi-1 cells, expression of MCP-1 appears to be largely mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5, while in 786-O cells, deletion of the tumor suppressor gene Von-Hippel-Lindau appeared to be responsible for MCP-1 upregulation, as suggested by previous studies. Taken together, the results of the current study indicate that expression of MCP-1 in RCC cells promotes tumor progression and metastasis not only by paracrine, but also by autocrine, MCP-1/CCR2 signaling events, enhancing cell proliferation and migration ability. Therefore, the present findings suggest the MCP-1/CCR2 axis is a potential target for future therapeutic strategies in the treatment of metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Küper
- Department of Physiology, University of Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Beck
- Department of Physiology, University of Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Neuhofer
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Clinical Center Traunstein, D-83278 Traunstein, Germany
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Heiler S, Wang Z, Zöller M. Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and exosomes - the incentive push. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5971-6007. [PMID: 27468191 PMCID: PMC4948278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has the highest death rate and incidence is increasing. Poor prognosis is due to late diagnosis and early metastatic spread, which is ascribed to a minor population of so called cancer stem cells (CSC) within the mass of the primary tumor. CSC are defined by biological features, which they share with adult stem cells like longevity, rare cell division, the capacity for self renewal, differentiation, drug resistance and the requirement for a niche. CSC can also be identified by sets of markers, which for pancreatic CSC (Pa-CSC) include CD44v6, c-Met, Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CXCR4, CD133, EpCAM and claudin7. The functional relevance of CSC markers is still disputed. We hypothesize that Pa-CSC markers play a decisive role in tumor progression. This is fostered by the location in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains, which function as signaling platform and support connectivity of the individual Pa-CSC markers. Outside-in signaling supports apoptosis resistance, stem cell gene expression and tumor suppressor gene repression as well as miRNA transcription and silencing. Pa-CSC markers also contribute to motility and invasiveness. By ligand binding host cells are triggered towards creating a milieu supporting Pa-CSC maintenance. Furthermore, CSC markers contribute to the generation, loading and delivery of exosomes, whereby CSC gain the capacity for a cell-cell contact independent crosstalk with the host and neighboring non-CSC. This allows Pa-CSC exosomes (TEX) to reprogram neighboring non-CSC towards epithelial mesenchymal transition and to stimulate host cells towards preparing a niche for metastasizing tumor cells. Finally, TEX communicate with the matrix to support tumor cell motility, invasion and homing. We will discuss the possibility that CSC markers are the initial trigger for these processes and what is the special contribution of CSC-TEX.
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48
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Dahlmann M, Kobelt D, Walther W, Mudduluru G, Stein U. S100A4 in Cancer Metastasis: Wnt Signaling-Driven Interventions for Metastasis Restriction. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:E59. [PMID: 27331819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activity of Wnt signaling is an early step in the transformation of normal intestinal cells to malignant tissue, leading to more aggressive tumors, and eventually metastases. In colorectal cancer (CRC), metastasis accounts for about 90% of patient deaths, representing the most lethal event during the course of the disease and is directly linked to patient survival, critically limiting successful therapy. This review focuses on our studies of the metastasis-inducing gene S100A4, which we identified as transcriptional target of β-catenin. S100A4 increased migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in mice. In patient CRC samples, high S100A4 levels predict metastasis and reduced patient survival. Our results link pathways important for tumor progression and metastasis: the Wnt signaling pathway and S100A4, which regulates motility and invasiveness. S100A4 suppression by interdicting Wnt signaling has potential for therapeutic intervention. As proof of principle, we applied S100A4 shRNA systemically and prevented metastasis in mice. Furthermore, we identified small molecule inhibitors from high-throughput screens of pharmacologically active compounds employing an S100A4 promoter-driven reporter. Best hits act, as least in part, via intervening in the Wnt pathway and restricted metastasis in mouse models. We currently translate our findings on restricting S100A4-driven metastasis into clinical practice. The repositioned FDA-approved drug niclosamide, targeting Wnt signaling, is being tested in a prospective phase II clinical trial for treatment of CRC patients. Our assay for circulating S100A4 transcripts in patient blood is used to monitor treatment success.
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Desai K, Nair MG, Prabhu JS, Vinod A, Korlimarla A, Rajarajan S, Aiyappa R, Kaluve RS, Alexander A, Hari PS, Mukherjee G, Kumar RV, Manjunath S, Correa M, Srinath BS, Patil S, Prasad MSN, Gopinath KS, Rao RN, Violette SM, Weinreb PH, Sridhar TS. High expression of integrin β6 in association with the Rho-Rac pathway identifies a poor prognostic subgroup within HER2 amplified breast cancers. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2000-11. [PMID: 27184932 PMCID: PMC4873607 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αvβ6 is involved in the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. In addition, integrin β6 (ITGB6) is of prognostic value in invasive breast cancers, particularly in HER2+ subtype. However, pathways mediating the activity of integrin αvβ6 in clinical progression of invasive breast cancers need further elucidation. We have examined human breast cancer specimens (N = 460) for the expression of integrin β6 (ITGB6) mRNA by qPCR. In addition, we have examined a subset (N = 147) for the expression of αvβ6 integrin by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression levels of members of Rho–Rac pathway including downstream genes (ACTR2,ACTR3) and effector proteinases (MMP9,MMP15) were estimated by qPCR in the HER2+ subset (N = 59). There is a significant increase in the mean expression of ITGB6 in HER2+ tumors compared to HR+HER2‐ and triple negative (TNBC) subtypes (P = 0.00). HER2+ tumors with the highest levels (top quartile) of ITGB6 have significantly elevated levels of all the genes of the Rho–Rac pathway (P‐values from 0.01 to 0.0001). Patients in this group have a significantly shorter disease‐free survival compared to the group with lower ITGB6 levels (HR = 2.9 (0.9–8.9), P = 0.05). The mean level of ITGB6 expression is increased further in lymph node‐positive tumors. The increased regional and distant metastasis observed in HER2+ tumors with high levels of ITGB6 might be mediated by the canonical Rho–Rac pathway through increased expression of MMP9 and MMP15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisha Desai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Anupama Vinod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Aruna Korlimarla
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Savitha Rajarajan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Radhika Aiyappa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Rohini S Kaluve
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Annie Alexander
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - P S Hari
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Rekha V Kumar
- Kidwai Medical Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - B S Srinath
- Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Shekhar Patil
- Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - M S N Prasad
- Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Raman N Rao
- Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - T S Sridhar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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50
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Kundu M, Mahata B, Banerjee A, Chakraborty S, Debnath S, Ray SS, Ghosh Z, Biswas K. Ganglioside GM2 mediates migration of tumor cells by interacting with integrin and modulating the downstream signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1863:1472-89. [PMID: 27066976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The definitive role of ganglioside GM2 in mediating tumor-induced growth and progression is still unknown. Here we report a novel role of ganglioside GM2 in mediating tumor cell migration and uncovered its mechanism. Data shows differential expression levels of GM2-synthase as well as GM2 in different human cancer cells. siRNA mediated knockdown of GM2-synthase in CCF52, A549 and SK-RC-26B cells resulted in significant inhibition of tumor cell migration as well as invasion in vitro without affecting cellular proliferation. Over-expression of GM2-synthase in low-GM2 expressing SK-RC-45 cells resulted in a consequent increase in migration thus confirming the potential role GM2 and its downstream partners play in tumor cell migration and motility. Further, treatment of SK-RC-45 cells with exogenous GM2 resulted in a dramatic increase in migratory and invasive capacity with no change in proliferative capacity, thereby confirming the role of GM2 in tumorigenesis specifically by mediating tumor migration and invasion. Gene expression profiling of GM2-synthase silenced cells revealed altered expression of several genes involved in cell migration primarily those controlling the integrin mediated signaling. GM2-synthase knockdown resulted in decreased phosphorylation of FAK, Src as well as Erk, while over-expression and/or exogenous GM2 treatment caused increased FAK and Erk phosphorylation respectively. Again, GM2 mediated invasion and Erk phosphorylation is blocked in integrin knockdown SK-RC-45 cells, thus confirming that GM2 mediated migration and phosphorylation of Erk is integrin dependent. Finally, confocal microscopy suggested co-localization while co-immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed direct interaction of membrane bound ganglioside, GM2 with the integrin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Kundu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Barun Mahata
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Avisek Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Sohini Chakraborty
- The Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Shibjyoti Debnath
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | | | - Zhumur Ghosh
- The Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
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