1
|
Beccia AL, Zubizarreta D, Austin SB, Raifman JR, Chavarro JE, Charlton BM. Trajectories of Mental Distress Among US Women by Sexual Orientation and Racialized Group During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:511-522. [PMID: 38598758 PMCID: PMC11008304 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. To describe longitudinal trends in the prevalence of mental distress across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020‒April 2021) among US women at the intersection of sexual orientation and racialized group. Methods. Participants included 49 805 cisgender women and female-identified people from the COVID-19 Sub-Study, a cohort of US adults embedded within the Nurses' Health Studies 2 and 3 and the Growing Up Today Study. We fit generalized estimating equation Poisson models to estimate trends in depressive and anxiety symptoms by sexual orientation (gay or lesbian, bisexual, mostly heterosexual, completely heterosexual); subsequent models explored further differences by racialized group (Asian, Black, Latine, White, other or unlisted). Results. Relative to completely heterosexual peers, gay or lesbian, bisexual, and mostly heterosexual women had a higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms at each study wave and experienced widening inequities over time. Inequities were largest for sexual minority women of color, although confidence intervals were wide. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated already-glaring mental health inequities affecting sexual minority women, especially those belonging to marginalized racialized groups. Future research should investigate structural drivers of these patterns to inform policy-oriented interventions. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(5):511-522. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307601).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L Beccia
- Ariel L. Beccia is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dougie Zubizarreta is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston. S. Bryn Austin is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Julia R. Raifman is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston. Jorge E. Chavarro is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Brittany M. Charlton is with the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston
| | - Dougie Zubizarreta
- Ariel L. Beccia is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dougie Zubizarreta is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston. S. Bryn Austin is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Julia R. Raifman is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston. Jorge E. Chavarro is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Brittany M. Charlton is with the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Ariel L. Beccia is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dougie Zubizarreta is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston. S. Bryn Austin is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Julia R. Raifman is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston. Jorge E. Chavarro is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Brittany M. Charlton is with the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston
| | - Julia R Raifman
- Ariel L. Beccia is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dougie Zubizarreta is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston. S. Bryn Austin is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Julia R. Raifman is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston. Jorge E. Chavarro is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Brittany M. Charlton is with the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Ariel L. Beccia is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dougie Zubizarreta is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston. S. Bryn Austin is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Julia R. Raifman is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston. Jorge E. Chavarro is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Brittany M. Charlton is with the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston
| | - Brittany M Charlton
- Ariel L. Beccia is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dougie Zubizarreta is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston. S. Bryn Austin is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Julia R. Raifman is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston. Jorge E. Chavarro is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Brittany M. Charlton is with the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Magis-Weinberg L, Arreola Vargas M, Carrizales A, Trinh CT, Muñoz Lopez DE, Hussong AM, Lansford JE. The impact of COVID-19 on the peer relationships of adolescents around the world: A rapid systematic review. J Res Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38682766 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this rapid systematic review was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted peer relationships for adolescents (10-25 years of age) around the globe. We focused on four indices of peer relationships: (1) loneliness, (2) social connectedness, (3) social support, and (4) social media use. In addition, we examined gender and age differences. Four databases (APA PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for articles published from January 2020 to November 2022. A total of 96 studies (cross-sectional: n = 66, longitudinal: n = 30, quantitative: n = 67, qualitative: n = 12, mixed-methods: n = 17) met our inclusion criteria (empirical observational studies with data on at least one of the indices of interest, cross-sectional data on COVID-19-related experiences or longitudinal data collected during the pandemic, age range of 10-25 years, typically developing adolescents). We extracted data and conducted a narrative synthesis. Findings suggest that COVID-19 disruptions negatively impacted peer relationships for youth. Most studies reported either an increase in loneliness over the course of the pandemic or a positive association between loneliness and COVID-19-related experiences. Similar findings were observed for increased social media use as a means of continued communication and connection. Fewer studies focused on social support but those that did reported a decrease or negative association with COVID-19-related experiences. Lastly, findings suggest a mixed impact on social connectedness, which might be due to the strengthening of closer ties and weakening of more distant relationships. Results for gender differences were mixed, and a systematic comparison of differences across ages was not possible. The heterogeneity in measures of COVID-19-related experiences as well as timing of data collection prevented a more nuanced examination of short and more long-term impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexia Carrizales
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Calvin Thanh Trinh
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Andrea M Hussong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer E Lansford
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dullius WR, Monteiro I, Baena de Moraes Lopes MH, Martins LB. The Mastery of Competencies for the Care of LGBT+ People by Different Health Professionals. J Homosex 2024; 71:1279-1296. [PMID: 36715994 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2169090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the mastery of competencies in assisting the LGBT+ population of Brazilian health professionals. Data collection occurred in a face-to-face and virtual manner, in the first semester of 2018. The health professionals answered a socio-demographic and functional questionnaire, in addition to the questionnaire Measurement of Training Needs for Health Care for the LGBT+ Public. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. The project research was submitted to and approved by the IMED Research Ethics Committee (CAAE 69116917.6.0000.5319). The sample (n= 380) was made up mostly of psychologists (42.3%), female (81%), heterosexual (73.2%), aged between 26 and 35 years (36%), Catholic (41%), living in the south region (36.9%), and working in the profession for ten years or more (34.3%). Skills gaps on the LGBT+ theme was identified, especially in topics such as "approach to the patient's sexuality," "interference of religious beliefs in care," "care with the genitalia and breast of the trans individual," among others. Professionals trained in psychology and non-heterosexuals had a greater mastery of the theme than the others. The fragmentation of knowledge and skills hinders the full and equal access to the health system, and continued educational actions are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willian Roger Dullius
- Graduate Program in Human Aging (PPGEH), University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wright G, Senthil K, Zadeh-Kochek A, Au JHS, Zhang J, Huang J, Saripalli R, Khan M, Ghauri O, Kim S, Mohammed Z, Alves C, Koduri G. Health-related quality of life after 12 months post discharge in patients hospitalised with COVID-19-related severe acute respiratory infection (SARI): a prospective analysis of SF-36 data and correlation with retrospective admission data on age, disease severity, and frailty. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076797. [PMID: 38508629 PMCID: PMC10961539 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term outcome and 'health-related quality of life' (HRQoL) following hospitalisation for COVID-19-related severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of HRQoL in patients hospitalised with COVID-19-related SARI at 1 year post discharge, focusing on the potential impact of age, frailty, and disease severity. METHOD Routinely collected outcome data on 1207 patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 related SARI across all three secondary care sites in our NHS trust over 3 months were assessed in this retrospective cohort study. Of those surviving 1 year, we prospectively collected 36-item short form (SF-36) HRQoL questionnaires, comparing three age groups (<49, 49-69, and the over 69-year-olds), the relative impact of frailty (using the Clinical Frailty Score; CFS), and disease severity (using National Early Warning Score; NEWS) on HRQoL domains. RESULTS Overall mortality was 46.5% in admitted patients. In our SF-36 cohort (n=169), there was a significant reduction in all HRQoL domains versus normative data; the most significant reductions were in the physical component (p<0.001) across all ages and the emotional component (p<0.01) in the 49-69 year age group, with age having no additional impact on HRQoL. However, there was a significant correlation between physical well-being versus CFS (the correlation coefficient=-0.37, p<0.05), though not NEWS, with no gender difference observed. CONCLUSION There was a significant reduction in all SF-36 domains at 1 year. Poor CFS at admission was associated with a significant and prolonged impact on physical parameters at 1 year. Age had little impact on the severity of HRQoL, except in the domains of physical functioning and the overall physical component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Wright
- Gastroenterology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Keerthi Senthil
- Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | | | | | - Jufen Zhang
- Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Ravi Saripalli
- Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Mohiuddin Khan
- Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Omar Ghauri
- Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - San Kim
- Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | | | - Carol Alves
- Research and Development, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Gouri Koduri
- Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
- Rheumatology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berg L, Pringsheim TM, Lerario M, Martino D. Psychological Factors Associated with Functional Tic-like Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01184-y. [PMID: 38427218 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Functional tic-like behaviours (FTLB) are a female predominant functional neurological disorder that escalated in incidence during the SARS CoV2 pandemic. This study compared social and adaptive functioning, social media use, pandemic experiences, and psychiatric comorbidities between FTLB (n = 35), Tourette Syndrome (TS) (n = 22), and neurotypical (NT) (n = 25) participants ages 11 to 25 years. The psychiatric comorbidity burden for participants with FTLB was formidable, with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 10 times higher for major depressive disorder and panic disorder compared to TS and NT participants. Borderline personality disorder (BPD), agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder were also significantly more common in FTLB compared to NT participants. Vulnerable attachment scores, social phobia and social interaction anxiety symptoms were higher in participants with FTLB than NT but not TS. Overall distress tolerance, resilient coping, suggestibility, hours on social media, and exposure to tic and TS content were not significantly different between groups. FTLB participants rated their mental health declined more severely during the pandemic than both TS and NT participants and were more likely to experience trouble sleeping, loneliness, and difficulty affording housing and food than NT participants. Participants with FTLB were significantly more likely to identify as gender minority people than TS and NT, though there were no significant differences based on gender identity in the study variables within the FTLB group. The association and potential pathways explaining how psychiatric disorders may be contributing to FTLB, and why certain groups appear at particular risk are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Berg
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tamara M Pringsheim
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gillani B, Prince DM, Ray-Novak M, Feerasta G, Jones D, Mintz LJ, Moore SE. Mapping the Dynamic Complexity of Sexual and Gender Minority Healthcare Disparities: A Systems Thinking Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:424. [PMID: 38391800 PMCID: PMC10888405 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations experience extensive health disparities compared to their straight and cisgender counterparts. The importance of addressing these disparities is paramount, as SGM groups often encounter significant barriers to accessing comprehensive healthcare, including societal stigma, provider bias, and financial constraints. This study utilizes a community-based system dynamics approach to understand and visualize the barriers to and facilitators of healthcare engagement for SGM groups across their life course. It aims to identify core constructs, relationships, and dynamic feedback mechanisms related to the experiences of connection/disconnection with physical, mental, and dental healthcare of SGM individuals. Barriers to access, such as discriminatory practices and the limited availability of SGM-informed healthcare professionals, exacerbate these disparities, underscoring the urgency of developing targeted interventions. System dynamics, a complex systems science (CSS) methodology, was used for this research. Group model building sessions were conducted with diverse SGM groups, including youth, older adults, and trans and gender-expansive community members. Causal loop diagrams were developed according to an iterative process, and a meta-model of their collective experiences was created. The study revealed extensive, dynamic, and shifting structural barriers for SGM community members accessing healthcare. Societal and structural stigma, provider bias, and pathologization were identified as significant barriers throughout their life course. Community-led interventions and SGM-focused holistic healthcare were identified as critical facilitators of SGM healthcare connection. The findings highlight the need for SGM-affirming and culturally responsive healthcare settings. This paper calls for a concerted effort from SGM health researchers to use CSS in developing interventions to reduce SGM health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braveheart Gillani
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (B.G.); (M.R.-N.)
| | - Dana M. Prince
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (B.G.); (M.R.-N.)
| | - Meagan Ray-Novak
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (B.G.); (M.R.-N.)
| | - Gulnar Feerasta
- LGBT Center of Greater Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44102, USA; (G.F.); (D.J.)
| | - Devinity Jones
- LGBT Center of Greater Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44102, USA; (G.F.); (D.J.)
| | - Laura J. Mintz
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Scott Emory Moore
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stehr R, Fast D, Naepi S, Knight R. 'I turn to my closest friends for support': queer youth navigating mental health during COVID-19. Cult Health Sex 2024; 26:46-60. [PMID: 36856004 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2183263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this in-depth qualitative study were to identify how COVID-19 impacted the mental health experiences of queer youth in Vancouver, Canada. Between November 2020 and June 2021, fifteen queer youth aged 15 to 25 were enrolled in the study. They participated in semi-weekly, solicited digital diary entries and semi-structured intake and follow-up interviews about COVID-19, social distancing protocols, and mental health. Using thematic analysis, two major themes were identified. First, participants described how COVID-19 impacted social support by highlighting the limitations of their existing social networks and feelings of disconnect from others in the local queer community. Second, participants described how public health guidance and the offloading of responsibility for COVID-19 risk-management onto the individual was a significant source of anxiety and stress, and how they moralised the struggle to balance compliance with the desire to connect with others. These findings highlight the need to understand the negative mental health outcomes arising from moralising approaches to public health that offload risk-management onto the individual, isolate queer youth, and hamper their identity-development processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Stehr
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Danya Fast
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sereana Naepi
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grady A, Stinchcombe A. The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of older sexual minority Canadians in the CLSA. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:816. [PMID: 38062412 PMCID: PMC10704833 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited research has examined the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual minority (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual; LGB) older adults using a longitudinal approach. This study aimed to compare the mental health trajectories (i.e., reported symptoms of depression and loneliness) of LGB and heterosexual participants across four time points. METHODS Data were drawn from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), an ongoing study on the experiences of adults between 45 to 85 at Baseline. Data included for analysis were collected at Baseline (2011-2015), Follow-up 1 (2015-2018), and two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-December 2020). We used General Estimating Equations (GEE) to model changes in depression symptoms (CESD-10; n = 47,728) and loneliness (UCLA 3-item loneliness scale; n = 41,698), adjusting for covariates (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income). RESULTS Results indicated that LGB participants reported more symptoms of depression (B = .595, p < .001) and loneliness (B = .313, p < .001) in comparison to heterosexual peers across the four time points. Mean depression and loneliness scores increased regardless of sexual orientation. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the detrimental effects of the pandemic on the mental health of older adults regardless of sexual orientation. It also showed that LGB older adults experienced more loneliness and depression symptoms than heterosexual older adults both before and during the pandemic. Understanding diverse identities, needs, and disparities in mental health is critical to promoting equitable aging experiences for everyone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grady
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arne Stinchcombe
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Bruyère Research Institute (BRI), Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fallahi CR, DiPlacido J, Daigle CD, Blau JJC. Family Conflict, Physical Symptoms, and Post Traumatic Stress among Sexual Minorities during the COVID Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model. J Homosex 2023; 70:3449-3469. [PMID: 35856628 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2095241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minorities experience health disparities compared to heterosexuals due to their stigmatized identies. The COVID- 19 pandemic has further exacerbated these disparities. Sexual minorities were surveyed about their experiences during the pandemic and asked about family conflict and minority stress as predictors of Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) and physical health symptoms, as well as psychological symptoms as a mediator of these relationships. We surveyed 435 sexual minorities who were recruited from Mechanical MTurk. Participants completed questionnaires that included demographics, PTSS in response to the pandemic, family conflict, minority stress, psychological symptoms, and physical health outcomes. Our findings support a moderated mediational model, explaining the relationships between family conflict, minority stress, PTSS and physical symptoms. Specifically, those participants who are high in minority stress are vulnerable to family conflict resulting in increased PTSS and physical symptoms. Psychological symptoms mediated these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Fallahi
- Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joanne DiPlacido
- Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carissa D Daigle
- Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia J C Blau
- Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Das HK, Govindappa L. Anxiety, depression and social support of LGBTIQ during COVID-19 in Kerala, India. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1971-1978. [PMID: 37353961 PMCID: PMC10291211 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231183913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is reported that the marginalised and underprivileged sections suffer bitter consequences in the event of calamities and pandemics. The present study aims at assessing the level of anxiety, depression and social support of the LGBTIQ communities during the COVID-19. Since the 'LGBTIQ' community is an integral part of society, it is necessary to study these psychological dimensions in the face of multiple waves of the pandemic in the country. AIM The study aims to measure the anxiety, depression and social support of LGBTIQ during COVID-19 in Kerala. METHOD The study followed descriptive research design and using snowball sampling, total of 106 respondents were interviewed from the urban and rural areas of Kerala. The researchers used the 'DASS21' to assess anxiety and depression and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to assess social support. RESULTS Approximately half (44.3%) of the participants were experiencing severe or extremely severe levels of depression. At the same time, many of them had episodes of anxiety disorder at much higher levels (41.5%) than the other members of society. Perceived social support was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress, while depression, anxiety and stress showed a positive correlation with each other. CONCLUSION Common mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and stress were largely prevalent in the LGBTIQ community during COVID-19, who found the social support inadequate and suffered from other social and economic problems. There is a need to address these issues among this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lakshmana Govindappa
- Department of Social Work, School of Social and Behavioral Science, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luong N, Barnett I, Aledavood T. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily rhythms. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1943-1953. [PMID: 37550242 PMCID: PMC10654873 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted daily activity rhythms and life routines with people adjusting to new work schedules, exercise routines, and other everyday life activities. This study examines temporal changes in daily activity rhythms and routines during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing disproportionate changes among working adult subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS In June 2021, we conducted a year-long study to collect high-resolution fitness tracker data and questionnaire responses from 128 working adults. Questionnaire data were analyzed to explore changes in exercise and work routines during the pandemic. We build temporal distributions of daily step counts to quantify their daily movement rhythms, then measure their consistency over time using the inverse of the Earth mover's distance. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to compare movement rhythm variability among subpopulations. RESULTS During the pandemic, our cohort exhibited a shift in exercise routines, with a decrease in nonwalking physical exercises, while walking remained unchanged. Migrants and those living alone had less consistent daily movement rhythms compared to others. Those preferring on-site work maintained more consistent daily movement rhythms. Men and migrants returned to work more quickly after pandemic restriction measures were eased. DISCUSSION Our findings quantitatively show the pandemic's unequal impact on different subpopulations. This study opens new research avenues to explore why certain groups return to on-site work, exercise levels, or daily movement rhythms more slowly compared to prepandemic times. CONCLUSIONS Considering the pandemic's unequal impact on subpopulations, organizations and policymakers should address diverse needs and offer tailored support during future crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Luong
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ian Barnett
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lorabi S, Sánchez-Teruel D, Robles-Bello MA, Ruiz-García A. Variables that enhance the development of resilience in young gay people affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:1107-1115. [PMID: 36669465 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sexual and gender minorities are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety caused by COVID-19. However, they also have specific variables that have been little studied but which may protect them from this adverse situation. The aim of this study was to find out whether there were differences in socio-demographic and psychosocial variables in two groups of Spanish gay young people (high and low resilience), and predictors of risk and protective factors were examined. METHODS Nine hundred and seventy-nine young homosexuals (389; 39.73% self-reported as women) aged between 18 and 26 years old who experienced mandatory confinement due to COVID-19, completed an anonymous online questionnaire. Hope, perceived self-efficacy, reappraisal index, coping humour, anxiety, depression were assessed along with socio-demographic information. Data were collected between 15 and 26 April 2020. RESULTS Socio-demographic variables that were predictive of highly resilient behaviour included being between 24 and 26 years old, living with LGBTI+ peers and living in big cities, protective psychosocial variables included reframing in reappraising the confinement situation, humour as coping, social support from significant others and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION This is one of the first studies on this subject of compulsory COVID-19 confinement on young homosexuals in Spain. Mental health professionals and organizations should also include work on psychosocial protective factors, not just risk factors, to enhance resilient outcomes in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souhib Lorabi
- Psychology Department, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Teruel
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Member of the Spanish Society of Suicidology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bi K, Yeoh D, Jiang Q, Wienk MNA, Chen S. Psychological distress and everyday discrimination among Chinese international students one year into COVID-19: a preregistered comparative study. Anxiety Stress Coping 2023; 36:727-742. [PMID: 36256530 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2130268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese international students (CISs) experienced distress associated with both unique and universal stressors, among which everyday discrimination may be especially harmful. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. METHODS We compared distress between CISs (N = 381) and Chinese students in Chinese colleges (CSCCs; N = 305) and examined correlates of distress including the association between everyday discrimination and distress as well as moderators on this link. RESULTS Compared to CSCCs, CISs reported greater depression and anxiety. Sensitivity analyses - multiple regressions controlling for covariates and coarsened exact matched (CEM) comparisons - replicated the results. 28.6% CISs reported suicidal ideation (PHQ-9 item 9) at least several days during the past two weeks. Within CISs, depression was associated with being older, female, non-heterosexual, increased everyday discrimination, decreased self-esteem, coping flexibility, perceived social support, and satisfaction with online learning. Anxiety was associated with being in undergraduate years, female, increased discrimination, decreased self-esteem, coping flexibility, and satisfaction with online learning. High perceived social support and being heterosexual weakened the association between discrimination and anxiety and depression, while high self-esteem strengthened the association between discrimination and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscored the distress experienced by CISs and highlighted risk/protective factors that may warrant attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Bi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Desmond Yeoh
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiwenjing Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Shuquan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hope VD, Timpson H, Porcellato L, Brett CE, Harrison R, Hunt A, Bigland C, Leavey C, Hay G, Saini P. Did the UK's COVID-19 restrictions during 2020 have a differential impact on the well-being of the LGBQ+ population: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068818. [PMID: 37813541 PMCID: PMC10565157 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The social distancing measures governments implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have had substantial impacts. For some communities, these impacts will be disproportionate, with those communities experiencing inequalities, marginalisation or discrimination facing specific challenges. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and allied (LGBQ+) communities experience a range of well-being inequalities that may have been impacted by the pandemic. The study aimed to assess the comparative impact of the UK's response to COVID-19 on LGBQ+ communities. DESIGN A mixed-method explanatory sequential study of the general population using a cross-sectional online survey and semistructured interviews. SETTING Community, North West of England. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18 years and over; 1540 participated in the survey (192, 12%, LGBQ+) with 49 undergoing semistructured interviews (15 LGBQ+) during spring and summer of 2020. RESULTS Survey findings indicated that LGBQ+ people experienced similar positive and negative impacts to the rest of the population, but some negative impacts were more marked among the LGBQ+ community. LGBQ+ participants were more likely to disagree that 'the government considered the impact on people like you' when preparing guidance. They were significantly more likely to report being unable to access sufficient food and required medication, eating less healthily, exercising less regularly, experiencing poorer quality sleep and taking more pain medicine than usual. Interview data supported these differences; isolation, being unable to access social networks and concerns about health were commonly discussed by the LGBQ+ participants. Positive impacts, including better work-life balance, were similar across both groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate LGBQ+ communities' wellbeing inequalities have been compounded by the social distancing restrictions, for example, by impacts on social networks increasing loneliness. Preparedness planning for future pandemics should include equality impact assessments for potential interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian D Hope
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hannah Timpson
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorna Porcellato
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Caroline E Brett
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anna Hunt
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Charlotte Bigland
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Conan Leavey
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gordon Hay
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pooja Saini
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Assaf RD, Javanbakht M, Gorbach PM, Cooper ZD. Cannabis Use and Sharing Practices Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. LGBT Health 2023; 10:514-525. [PMID: 37252794 PMCID: PMC10552144 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cannabis behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among sexual minority (SM) individuals in the United States remain understudied. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of cannabis use and cannabis sharing, a potential risk for COVID-19 transmission, among SM and heterosexual-identified individuals in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from an anonymous, US-based web survey on cannabis-related behaviors from August to September 2020. Included participants reported past-year nonmedical cannabis use. Associations between frequency of cannabis use and sharing behaviors by sexual orientation were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, 1112 respondents reported past-year cannabis use; mean age 33 years (standard deviation = 9.4), 66% male identified (n = 723), and 31% SM identified adults (n = 340). Increased cannabis use during the pandemic was similar among SM (24.7%; n = 84) and heterosexual (24.9%; n = 187) respondents. Any sharing during the pandemic was 81% for SM adults (n = 237) and 73% for heterosexual adults (n = 486). In the fully adjusted models, the odds of daily/weekly cannabis use and the odds of any cannabis sharing among SM respondents were 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42-0.74) and 1.60 (95% CI = 1.13-2.26), respectively, compared with heterosexual respondents. Conclusions: SM respondents were less likely to use cannabis with high frequency during the pandemic but more likely to share cannabis compared with heterosexual respondents. Sharing cannabis was high overall, which may increase COVID-19 risk. Public health messaging around sharing may be important during COVID-19 surges and respiratory pandemics especially as cannabis becomes more widely available in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Assaf
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pamina M. Gorbach
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ziva D. Cooper
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Connolly DJ, Eraslan E, Gilchrist G. Coronavirus (COVID-19) and sexualised drug use among men who have sex with men: a systematic review. Sex Health 2023; 20:375-384. [PMID: 37460309 DOI: 10.1071/sh23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug-related harms, including harms from sexualised drug use (SDU), are disproportionately experienced by sexual and gender minority people, relative to their majority counterparts. Chemsex, a type of SDU practiced mainly by MSM, is associated with methamphetamine use and increased HIV seropositivity or risk of acquisition. Therefore, participants are at increased risk of immunocompromise. Existing evidence suggests that drug use increases following natural disasters. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on chemsex is unknown. A PRISMA-adherent systematic review was conducted to synthesise reports of changes in the prevalence, frequency, or characteristics of drug use (and factors associated with these changes) following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This report presents findings related to SDU/chemsex among MSM. A comprehensive search across nine databases, supplemented with backward-forward citation searching and contact with key opinion leaders, was conducted. Two reviewers carried out title-abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. Following a final, single database search, nine studies were included in the narrative synthesis. More than half the sample were studies investigating HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use. Twenty percent of participants in most studies reported chemsex participation. In four, participants reported a net increase or maintenance of chemsex participation during the pandemic and five reported a net decrease. Increased chemsex participation was associated with loneliness, cravings, and working during the pandemic. Decreased chemsex practice was associated with COVID-19-related fear. This synthesis suggests that chemsex practice continued, and for some MSM increased, throughout COVID-19 pandemic 'lockdowns'. This may have increased COVID-19 transmission and severity among potentially vulnerable MSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean J Connolly
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Windsor Walk, London, UK
| | - Ece Eraslan
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Windsor Walk, London, UK
| | - Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Windsor Walk, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Port MS, Lake AM, Hoyte-Badu AM, Rodriguez CL, Chowdhury SJ, Goldstein A, Murphy S, Cornette M, Gould MS. Perceived Impact of COVID-19 Among Callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Crisis 2023; 44:415-422. [PMID: 36073296 PMCID: PMC10549872 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic caused increases in psychological distress and suicidal ideation. Aims: To describe the ways suicidal callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) perceived COVID-19 to have impacted them and assess whether these callers perceived COVID-19-related stress as contributing to their suicidal thoughts. Method: Telephone interviews were conducted with 412 suicidal callers to 12 Lifeline centers. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between demographic factors and individual COVID-19 stressors and to determine whether callers who endorsed COVID-19-related stress as contributing to their suicidal thoughts differed from those who did not regarding demographics, current suicide risk, history of suicidality, Lifeline use, or individual COVID-19 stressors. Results: Over half of callers reported that COVID-19-related stress contributed to their suicidal ideation (CRSSI). Callers who endorsed CRSSI had higher odds than those who did not of mentioning financial difficulties when asked how COVID-19 impacted them. The two groups of callers did not differ on the other factors examined. Limitations: Interviewed callers may not be representative of all Lifeline callers. Conclusion: Despite the subjective burden of COVID-19-related stress on suicidal Lifeline callers, this was not associated with new suicidality or heightened suicide risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Port
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison M. Lake
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda M. Hoyte-Badu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia L. Rodriguez
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saba J. Chowdhury
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Cornette
- Suicide Prevention Branch, Division of Service & Systems Improvement, Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Madelyn S. Gould
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peyer KL, Hogg JA, Carlson LM, Sa J. The relationship between physical activity, stress, and resilience in sexual and gender minority college students. J Am Coll Health 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37607032 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2248508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of sexual orientation and gender identity in the relationship between physical activity (PA), stress and resilience. PARTICIPANTS A nationally-representative sample of students (n = 91,718) from United States postsecondary institutions. METHODS Students reported aerobic and strength training (ST) behaviors, stress, resilience, gender identity and sexual orientation. Moderated regressions examined the influence of gender identity and sexual orientation on the relationship between PA and stress or resilience. RESULTS Men and heterosexual students reported higher PA and resilience and lower stress than did women, gender minorities, and sexual minorities. Significant moderation was found for women, queer students, bisexual students, trans women and lesbians in the various models. CONCLUSIONS Gender minority and sexual minority students display poorer levels of PA and mental health than cisgender and heterosexual counterparts, but this relationship varies by identity group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karissa L Peyer
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hogg
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lynette M Carlson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaesin Sa
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Women's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coulaud PJ, Jesson J, Bolduc N, Ferlatte O, Bertrand K, Salway T, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. Association between level of compliance with COVID-19 public health measures and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional survey of young adults in Canada and France. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289547. [PMID: 37531389 PMCID: PMC10395933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While compliance with preventive measures remains central to limit the spread of COVID-19, these measures critically affected mental health of young adults. We therefore investigated the association between the level of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and depressive symptoms among young adults in Canada and France. METHODS From October to December 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey of young adults ages 18-29 years in Canada (n = 3246) and France (n = 2680) to collect demographic data, experiences with COVID-19 preventive measures, and mental health. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Compliance profiles were built using cluster analysis. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between compliance level and major depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score≥15) in each country. RESULTS One third of respondents reported major depressive symptoms (Canada: 36.4%, France: 23.4%). Four compliance profiles were identified: high (42.5%), medium-high (21.7%), medium-low (18.1%), and low (17.7%), with high levels more frequently observed in Canada compared to France. In both countries, participants in low compliance profile (Canada: Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) [95% Confidence Interval] 0.75 [0.58, 0.98], France: AOR 0.60 [0.46, 0.75]), in the medium-low (Canada: AOR 0.58 [0.48, 0.72], France: AOR 0.81 [0.66, 1.01]), and medium-high compliance profiles (Canada: AOR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93], France: AOR 0.77 [0.63, 0.93]) were less likely to report major depressive symptoms compared to the high compliance profile. Ethno-racial minorities, sexual and gender minority, and unemployed young adults had higher odds of reporting such symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Major depressive symptoms were associated with high compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among young adults. The implementation of socially-isolating measures should be coupled with mental health interventions to address mental health needs of young adults, with enhanced supports for sub-groups who are structurally disadvantaged (e.g., racialized, unemployed, sexual and gender minority).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Julien Coulaud
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Jesson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Travis Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre d'Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), Paris, France
- Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu L, Batomen B, Pollock NJ, Contreras G, Jackson B, Pan S, Thompson W. Suicidality and protective factors among sexual and gender minority youth and adults in Canada: a cross-sectional, population-based study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1469. [PMID: 37528382 PMCID: PMC10394922 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and gender minority populations experience elevated risks for suicidality. This study aimed to assess prevalence and disparities in non-fatal suicidality and potential protective factors related to social support and health care access among sexual and gender minority youth and adults and their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts in Canada. The second objective was to examine changes in the prevalence of suicidal ideation and protective factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Pooled data from the 2015, 2016 and 2019 Canadian Community Health Surveys were used to estimate pre-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts, and protective factors. The study also estimated changes in the prevalence of recent suicidal ideation and protective factors in fall 2020, compared with the same period pre-pandemic. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidality was higher among the sexual minority populations compared with the heterosexual population, and the prevalence was highest among the bisexual population, regardless of sex or age group. The pre-pandemic prevalence of recent suicidal ideation was 14.0% for the bisexual population, 5.2% for the gay/lesbian population, and 2.4% for the heterosexual population. The prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts was 16.6%, 8.6%, and 2.8% respectively. More than 40% of sexual minority populations aged 15-44 years had lifetime suicidal ideation; 64.3% and 36.5% of the gender minority population had lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Sexual and gender minority populations had a lower prevalence of protective factors related to social support and health care access. The prevalence of recent suicidal ideation among sexual and gender minority populations increased in fall 2020, and they tended to experience longer wait times for immediate care needed. CONCLUSIONS Sexual and gender minority populations had a higher prevalence of suicidality and less social support and health care access compared to the heterosexual and cisgender populations. The pandemic was associated with increased suicidal ideation and limited access to care for these groups. Public health interventions that target modifiable protective factors may help decrease suicidality and reduce health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada.
| | - Brice Batomen
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathaniel J Pollock
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
- School of Arctic and Subarctic Studies, Labrador Campus, Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Gisèle Contreras
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Beth Jackson
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Saiyi Pan
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Wendy Thompson
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Batra K, Pharr JR, Kachen A, Godbey S, Terry E. Investigating the Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Among the Sexual and Gender Minority Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. LGBT Health 2023; 10:416-428. [PMID: 37022764 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to utilize a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the existing body of literature to understand the mental health impacts of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. Methods: The search strategy was developed by an experienced librarian and used five bibliographical databases, specifically PubMed, Embase, APA PsycINFO (EBSCO), Web of Science, and LGBTQ+ Source (EBSCO), for studies (published 2020 to June, 2021) examining the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among SGM people. Articles were screened by two reviewers. The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational studies. A double extraction method was used for data abstraction. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I2 statistic. The random-effects model was utilized to obtain the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was assessed by Funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. Results: Of a total of 37 studies, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis with 17,973 SGM participants. Sixteen studies were U.S. based, seven studies were multinational studies, and the remaining studies were from Portugal, Brazil, Chile, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, and several other countries. A majority of studies used psychometric valid tools for the cross-sectional surveys. The pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation was 58.6%, 57.6%, 52.7%, and 28.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Findings of this study serve as evidence to develop appropriate interventions to promote psychological wellbeing among vulnerable population subgroups, such as SGM individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jennifer R Pharr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Axenya Kachen
- School of Medicine, University of Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Samantha Godbey
- Library Liaison Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Emylia Terry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moitra E, Brick LA, Cancilliere MK, Elwy AR, Erbe AM, Fenn N, Nunn AS, Salhaney P, Chan PA. A randomized trial of acceptance-based behavioral therapy to improve mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ persons: Study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 130:107211. [PMID: 37146874 PMCID: PMC10155421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures limited social interactions as an effective and protective intervention for all. For many, however, this social isolation exacerbated mental health symptoms. People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) were already at elevated risk of anxiety and depression, relative to cisgender and heterosexual populations, and pandemic-related social isolation likely heightened these disparities. In our prior work with sexual and gender minorities, we developed and established feasibility and acceptability of a novel acceptance-based behavioral therapy (ABBT) intervention for HIV treatment. ABBT showed promise in improving social support and reducing mental health symptoms. In the current study, we investigate the efficacy of ABBT, compared to a treatment-as-usual control condition, in a full-scale randomized controlled trial to improve social support for LGBTQ+ persons living with anxiety and depression. METHODS Two hundred forty LGBTQ+ adults with anxiety and/or depressive symptoms will be recruited and equally randomized to receive: (a) the ABBT intervention, consisting of two 30-40 min sessions plus treatment-as-usual (TAU), or (b) TAU only. Primary outcomes are interviewer-assessed anxiety and depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes are self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms. Experiential avoidance and social support are hypothesized mediators and presence of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder is a hypothesized moderator. CONCLUSIONS ABBT represents a novel, identify-affirming real-world approach to promoting social support as a means of improving mental health among individuals who identify as LGBTQ+. This study will contribute actionable data establishing the impact, mediational mechanisms, and effect modifiers of ABBT. CLINICALTRIALS govregistration: NCT05540067.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Moitra
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Cancilliere
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A Rani Elwy
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A Maximillian Erbe
- Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Natalie Fenn
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amy S Nunn
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Salhaney
- Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gattamorta KA, Vega G, Kania V. Impact of Living Arrangements of LGBTQ College Students During COVID-19. J Stud Aff Res Pract 2023; 61:251-265. [PMID: 38586549 PMCID: PMC10997324 DOI: 10.1080/19496591.2023.2186241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the relationships between living arrangements and educational outcomes, access to LGBTQ affirming care, sexual and gender minority (SGM) stressors, and mental health. Bivariate analyses were implemented to examine relationships between living arrangements and academic outcomes, SGM stressors, access to care, and alcohol and substance use. Differences between undergraduate and graduate students are also reported. Students who continued living on campus were less likely to report increased family rejection, transphobia, and identity concealment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kattari L, Anderson-Carpenter KD. Effects of psychological distress and life satisfaction on COVID-related traumatic stress: An international, cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:222-227. [PMID: 36801421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the individual impacts of psychological distress (i.e., depression and anxiety) and life satisfaction on COVID-related traumatic stress in an international sample of heterosexual versus LGBQ+ adults. METHOD Between July and August 2020, a cross-sectional electronic survey (n = 2482) was launched in five countries (India, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and United States) assessing sociodemographic characteristics as well as psychological, behavioral, and social factors related to health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Significant differences between LGBQ+ participants and heterosexual participants were found for depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p < .001). Depression was associated with COVID-related traumatic stress among heterosexual participants (p < .001) but not LGBQ+ participants. Both anxiety (p < .001) and life satisfaction (p = .003) were also associated with COVID-related traumatic stress in both groups. Hierarchical regression models demonstrated significant effects of COVID-related traumatic stress for adults outside the United States (p < .001); less than full-time employment (p = .012); and for greater levels of anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction, respectively (all ps < .001). LIMITATIONS Given the stigma of being LGBQ+ that remains in many countries, participants in may have been reluctant to identify as a sexual minority and therefore indicated a heterosexual sexual orientation. CONCLUSION The impact of sexual minority stress among LGBQ+ may play a role in COVID-related post-traumatic stress. Large-scale global disasters such as pandemics, contribute to disparities in psychological distress among LGBQ+ individual, however, sociodemographic factors such as country and urbanicity may play mediating or moderating roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Kattari
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Paine EA, Lee YG, Mergenova G, Vinogradov V, Laughney CI, Davis A, Terlikbayeva A, Primbetova S, Hunt T, Wu E. Compounding vulnerabilities: victimization and discrimination is associated with COVID-19 disruptions to HIV-related care among gay, bisexual, and other men and transgender and nonbinary people who have sex with men in Kazakhstan. AIDS Care 2023; 35:651-657. [PMID: 36628449 PMCID: PMC10159880 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2148956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men and transgender and nonbinary people who have sex with men (MSM and TSM) are disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic in Kazakhstan. MSM and TSM in Kazakhstan also face high levels of discrimination and victimization, known barriers to engagement in HIV prevention and care. We examined data from surveys with 455 MSM and TSM collected May -- October 2020 to determine whether access to HIV testing and treatment was disproportionately limited among those exposed to victimization and discrimination during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Odds of reporting COVID-19 disruptions to HIV-related care access were significantly higher (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.25-3.06; P = .003) among those who experienced recent sexual or gender-based victimization, and recent discrimination (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.65-5.23; P < .001), compared to those who did not experience victimization or discrimination, respectively. Odds of reporting disruptions among those who experienced both victimization and discrimination were significantly higher (OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.88-6.86; P < .001) compared to those who experienced neither . Associations remained significant after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. Findings suggest the COVID-19 pandemic is compounding vulnerability among MSM and TSM in Kazakhstan - highlighting need for intervention efforts targeting the most marginalized groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Allen Paine
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Gun Lee
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alissa Davis
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Hunt
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elwin Wu
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moore SE, Coleman CL, Hughes TL, Dorsen C, Smith SK, Bower KM, Clochesy JM, Clark K, Sherman ADF. A systematic review of U.S. nursing faculty's knowledge, awareness, inclusion, and perceived importance of sexual and gender minority-related content in nursing curricula. Nurs Outlook 2023; 71:101950. [PMID: 36924597 PMCID: PMC10363215 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2023.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the US, sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals continue to experience health inequities, and nursing curricula content and nursing faculty with SGM health expertise in the US remain limited. Addressing health disparities begins with the preparation of future nurses-US nursing faculty must be supported to meet these growing needs. PURPOSE To describe, appraise, and synthesize research from 2000-2020 on US nursing faculty knowledge, awareness, inclusion, and perceived importance of SGM health content. METHODS Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we registered a systematic review and appraisal protocol in PROSPERO, and then executed the protocol and synthesized the literature. DISCUSSION We found an empirical evidence base surrounding US nursing faculty and SGM health much more limited than expected. Only four cross-sectional, descriptive empirical articles fit the a priori inclusion criteria. The studies were of moderate quality at best and often relied on unvalidated or older measures. In general, the studies focused on examining characteristics of nursing programs, faculty comfort with content, faculty perceptions of content importance, and hours dedicated to content. CONCLUSION Since the close of the review, new commentaries and editorials expanding the call for change in the US were published-the time for commentary has passed. It remains unclear whether US nursing faculty are adequately prepared to educate future nurses about SGM health issues-and an unprepared healthcare workforce is yet another barrier to SGM health equity. The evidence base supporting US nursing faculty development desperately needs more studies using rigorous methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Emory Moore
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
| | | | | | | | - Sheila K Smith
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kelly M Bower
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - John M Clochesy
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Kristen Clark
- College of Health and Human Services, University of New Hampshire, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Malmquist A, Bredenberg C, Melin J, Wurm M, Tasker F, Gato J. Queers in quarantine: Young LGBTQ+ people's experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:150-159. [PMID: 36153699 PMCID: PMC9538029 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to major restrictions of everyday life activities. This worsened the social situation of many people, and marginalized groups have been especially affected. This article explores how LGBTQ+ young adults in Sweden have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent recommendations and restrictions. Fifteen participants between 20-29 years, who self-identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+), were interviewed about their experiences. A thematic analysis of the data showed that the participants perceived their psychological wellbeing to have been greatly affected by the pandemic. Several reported symptoms of clinical depression, as well as anxiety, worry, rumination, and a heightened sensitivity to stress. Stressors included fear of the disease itself, and fear of spreading the virus, as well as the negative consequences of adhering to the recommendations of social distancing, which constantly interplayed with the marginalized position of being a young LGBTQ+ person. Most participants experienced a decrease in minority stress in face-to-face interaction with social distancing measures in place, but an increase in minority stress online. Those who faced minority stress at home experienced the isolation as particularly stressful. Limited access to the LGBTQ+ community was a common stressor. For transgender participants, the effects on transgender healthcare, such as prolonged waiting times for gender dysphoria assessment and hormone treatment, were a major challenge. Our results have added valuable knowledge to research indicating how vulnerable young adults were highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malmquist
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and LearningLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Cecilia Bredenberg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and LearningLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Jennifer Melin
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and LearningLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Matilda Wurm
- Department of Law, Psychology and Social WorkÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Fiona Tasker
- Department of Psychological SciencesBirkbeck, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Jorge Gato
- Faculty of Psychology and Education SciencesUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Centre for Psychology at the University of PortoPortoPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Datta S, Mukherjee T. Impact of COVID-19 stress on the psychological health of sexual & gender minority individuals: A systematic review. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1132768. [PMID: 37066039 PMCID: PMC10090515 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The differential effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of the population around the globe is well documented. Social isolation, loss of job, financial crisis, and fear of infection due to the pandemic have widely affected people across countries, and the sexual and gender minority (SGM) group is no exception. However, the additional stressors like stigma, discrimination, rejection, non-acceptance, and violence associated with diverse sexual orientation complicated the situation for the SGM group in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Method The present study conducted a systematic review of research (n = 16) investigating the impact of Covid-19 stress on the psychological health of SGM individuals. The review had two objectives: (a) to explore the effect of the stress associated with the pandemic on the psychological health of the SGM individuals; and (b) to identify potential stressors associated with the Covid-19 pandemic affecting the mental health of SGM individuals. Studies were selected following a PRISMA protocol and several inclusion criteria. Results The review provided new insights into the mental health issues of the SGM individual in the Covid-19 context. The outcome of the review focused on five aspects: (a) depression and anxiety symptoms related to Covid-19 symptoms; (b) perceived social support and Covid-19 stress; (c) family support and psychological distress related to Covid-19; (d) Covid-19 stress and disordered eating, and (e) problem drinking and substance abuse associated with Covid-19 stress. Discussion The present review indicated a negative association between Covid-19 stress and psychological distress among sexual and gender minority individuals. The findings have important implications for psychologists and social workers working with this population and policymakers around the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumona Datta
- Department of Psychology, Government General Degree College, Singur, Hooghly, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hassan Raza S, Yousaf M, Zaman U, Waheed Khan S, Core R, Malik A. Unlocking infodemics and mysteries in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: Nexus of conspiracy beliefs, digital informational support, psychological Well-being, and religious fatalism. Vaccine 2023; 41:1703-1715. [PMID: 36754765 PMCID: PMC9894779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Guarding against an anti-science camouflage within infodemics is paramount for sustaining the global vaccination drive. Vaccine hesitancy remains a growing concern and a significant threat to public health, especially in developing countries. Infodemics, conspiracy beliefs and religious fatalism primarily fuel vaccine hesitancy. In addition, anti-vaccine disinformation, lack of understanding, and erroneous religious beliefs also trigger vaccine hesitancy. Global behavioral strategies such as wearing face masks and long-term preventive measures (i.e., COVID-19 vaccination) have effectively limited the virus's spread. Despite the alarming rate of global deaths (i.e., over 99% being unvaccinated), a large proportion of the global population remains reluctant to vaccinate. New evidence validates the usefulness of technology-driven communication strategies (i.e., digital interventions) to address the complex socio-psychological influence of the pandemic. Hence, the present research explored the digital information processing model to assess the interface between informational support (through digital interventions) and antecedents of vaccine hesitancy. This research involved two separate studies: a focus group to operationalize the construct of infodemics, which remained ambiguous in previous literature (Study 1), followed by a cross-sectional survey (Study 2) to examine the conceptual model. Data were collected from 1906 respondents through a standard questionnaire administered online. The focus group's findings revealed a multi-dimensional nature of infodemics that was also validated in Study 2. The cross-sectional survey results substantiated infodemics, religious fatalism and conspiracy beliefs as significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Similarly, conspiracy beliefs negatively influence an individual's psychological well-being. Furthermore, information support (through digital intervention) affected infodemics and religious fatalism, whereas it inversely influenced the strength of their relationships with vaccine hesitancy. Information support (through digital intervention) also moderated the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and psychological well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hassan Raza
- Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Umer Zaman
- Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Jayang-Dong, Dong-gu Daejeon 34606, South Korea.
| | - Sanan Waheed Khan
- School of Multimedia Technology and Communication, Univerisiti Utara Malaysia, 0601, Malaysia.
| | - Rachel Core
- Department Chair, Sociology & Anthropology Department, Stetson University, DeLand, FL 32723, USA.
| | - Aqdas Malik
- Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hallward L, Nagata JM, Rodgers RF, Ganson KT. Examination of eating disorder psychopathology across sexual and gender identities among a Canadian sample. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:604-615. [PMID: 36493406 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) disproportionately affect sexual and gender minorities, with majority of research conducted among samples in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine ED psychopathology among adolescents and young adults in Canada with diverse gender and sexual identities. METHOD Data were collected from 2,714 Canadians, aged 16-30 years old, via an online survey at the end of 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants responded to sociodemographic questions (including history of EDs) and reported on eating attitudes and behaviors. Descriptive statistics and multiple modified Poisson and linear regressions were conducted. RESULTS Over half the sample was heterosexual, 35% were sexual minority cisgender men and women, and 6.5% were transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people. The sample overall reported elevated ED psychopathology based on their eating attitudes and behaviors. TGNC participants reported the most severe ED psychopathology. Generally, sexual minority cisgender women and cisgender men had elevated ED psychopathology compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Regression analyses revealed all gender and sexual minorities reported greater ED psychopathology compared to heterosexual cisgender men. DISCUSSION The Canadian sample reported elevated ED psychopathology compared to previous studies among various populations. Additional investigations are now needed to observe how ED psychopathology continues to change after the onset of the pandemic. Further research is needed among cisgender men, TGNC people, and sexual minorities to understand the unique stressors they face that lead to high ED psychopathology, and develop appropriate prevention and treatment tools. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE EDs affect people of all gender and sexual identities. People who identify as a gender and/or sexual minority often experience problematic eating attitudes and behaviors, particularly transgender and gender non-conforming people of all sexual identities. More research attention is needed among these populations, especially due to a paucity of research among Canadians, to develop effective diagnostic tools, prevention efforts, and treatment programs specific to gender and sexual identities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hallward
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schlehofer MM, Wagner K, Bramande E. "Things Will Get Worse Before They Get Better": LGBTQ + People's Reactions to the 2020 US Presidential Election. Sex Res Social Policy 2023; 20:1-15. [PMID: 36852139 PMCID: PMC9947432 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has found that political discourse over proposed legislation that impacts lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ +) people serves as a distal stressor which is associated with poorer mental and physical health. This study sought to document responses to the 2020 US Presidential election among LGBTQ + people living in the USA. Methods Nineteen LGBTQ + people ages 20 to 76 (M = 47.20; SD = 17.66) living across the USA were interviewed via Zoom video conferencing software between October and early December 2020. The modal participant was female (36.8%), identified as gay or lesbian (47.3%), and White (84.2%). Interviews were coded using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2003). Results Seventeen codes emerged, which were grouped into three themes. Participants viewed specific political figures, namely then-President Trump and Supreme Court nominee Coney-Barrett, as symbolic of the potential loss of rights and disenfranchisement of LGBTQ + people. Participants exhibited uncertainty about the future; however, a Biden presidential win was viewed as potentially instilling complacency and leading to fracturing of the LGBTQ + community. While some participants avoided news, most were engaged with the political process as a means of coping with election uncertainty. Conclusions The findings have implications for better understanding the concerns of LGBTQ + folks as it relates to how they view political discourse and the future of the equality movement. Policy Implications Policies which beneficially impact and engage a diverse range of LGBTQ + people would facilitate mobilization of LGBTQ + political communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele M. Schlehofer
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Ave, Salisbury, MD 21804 USA
| | - Kathryn Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C USA
| | - Emily Bramande
- Department of Psychology, Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vázquez I, Gato J, Coimbra S, Tasker F, Barrientos J, Miscioscia M, Cerqueira-Santos E, Malmquist A, Seabra D, Leal D, Houghton M, Poli M, Gubello A, Ramos MDM, Guzmán-González M, Urzúa A, Ulloa F, Wurm M. Psychological Adjustment Profiles of LGBTQ+ Young Adults Residing with Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3188. [PMID: 36833881 PMCID: PMC9964666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health symptoms, particularly among vulnerable populations such as LGBTQ+ individuals. In the present study, we aimed to (i) identify different psychological adjustment profiles among LGBTQ+ young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare LGBTQ+ young adults in relation to (ii) sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related experiences and (iii) the internal and external protective resources associated with each adjustment profile. An online questionnaire was administered to 1699 LGBTQ+ young adults from six countries (Brazil, Chile, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, and the UK). A cluster analysis was conducted, and four profiles of psychological adjustment were identified: unchallenged, resilient, distressed, and at-risk. The at-risk cluster scored lowest in social support (particularly from family). The profiles of participants who experienced the highest levels of pandemic adversity (at-risk and resilient) comprised mostly South American participants, those under lockdown at the time of survey completion, those who self-identified as transgender and non-binary, and those with a plurisexual sexual orientation. Interventions should consider strategies to help young adults maintain support systems and reinforce the value of positive family relationships. Specific groups within the LGBTQ+ community that seem to be in a particularly vulnerable situation may need additional tailored support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vázquez
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gato
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fiona Tasker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Jaime Barrientos
- Faculty of Psychology, University Alberto Hurtado, Santiago 6500620, Chile
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Malmquist
- Division of Psychology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Seabra
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Leal
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marie Houghton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Mikael Poli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Gubello
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental and Family Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alfonzo Urzúa
- School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 0610, Chile
| | - Francisco Ulloa
- MUMS—Movimiento por la Diversidad Sexual, Santiago 578, Chile
| | - Matilda Wurm
- School of Behavioral, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yasami M, Zhu H, Dewan M. Poverty, Psychological Distress, and Suicidality Among Gay Men and Transgender Women Sex Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Phuket, Thailand. Sex Res Social Policy 2023; 20:1-17. [PMID: 36747919 PMCID: PMC9893184 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Thai gay men and transgender women (GM&TGW) sex workers are more likely to suffer from economic harm since the sex tourism industry in Thailand has been hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic. They also are more likely to experience poverty and mental health issues subsequent to the pandemic as minority groups in conservative Thai society. While their highly problematic social and economic situation would predict a wide range of psychological issues, little is known about their mental health. Hence, this study examined the prevalence and symptom severity of psychological distress among the group as well as the associations between suicidal ideation, poverty, and psychological distress. Methods Two hundred seventy questionnaire responses were collected online via Google forms in Phuket in 2021. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Smart-PLS. Results Based on the results, most respondents had experienced mild to extremely severe symptoms of psychological distress. However, transgender women sex workers scored higher on depression and anxiety compared to gay men sex workers. This study confirmed the prominent associations between the study variables and the mediation effect of psychological distress. Conclusions Poverty resulting from the pandemic imposes a substantial human cost for this vulnerable minority beyond the virus itself as it amplifies mental health problems. Policy Implications The findings further extend our awareness of the discriminatory treatment of Thai GM&TGW sex workers and address a gap in Thai law and policy for prohibiting discrimination against them. It is of urgent necessity for Thai public health and tourism policymakers to establish sound support interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Yasami
- Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, 80 Moo 1 Vichitsongkram Road, Amphur Kathu, 83120 Phuket, Thailand
| | - Hongrui Zhu
- International College for Sustainability Studies, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mayukh Dewan
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Leisure Management, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zascirinskis RH, Pepper BI, Tischler AE. An Exploratory Study of the Coming Out Road Drawing: A Novel Growth Promoting Intervention for Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals. The Arts in Psychotherapy 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2023.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
35
|
Benotsch EG, Wall CSJ, Mason KL, Smout SA, Coston BE, Carrico MA, O'Neill KA, Tinsley J, Stanford MK, Yan D, Pham A. Use of substances to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic among transgender and gender diverse adults. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2023; 49:129-139. [PMID: 36786769 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2165939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Studies have found changes in substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic in specific populations. Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals have experienced greater distress compared to cisgender individuals during the pandemic; however, there is little research on substance use among TGD individuals during this sensitive time period.Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine distress from COVID-19 and coping via substance use including alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, and non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among TGD adults.Method: An online survey assessing substance use, general psychiatric symptoms, and COVID-19 anxiety was completed by 342 TGD individuals (16.4% transfeminine, 19.6% transmasculine, 64.0% Gender Diverse) in June/July 2020. Chi-square and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses examined the connections between distress, coping, and substance use.Results: Seventy-one percent of participants reported no changes in substance use since the start of the pandemic and 22% reported an increase in substance use. Increased substance use was associated with alcohol (p < .001), cannabis (p < .001), and combustible tobacco (p < .001) use in the prior three months. SEM showed significant direct effects between distress and substance use coping, substance use coping and recent drug use, and an indirect effect of distress on recent drug use through substance use coping (β = .31, p = .001).Conclusion: Results highlight the risk of substance use to cope with COVID-19-related stress in a large sample of a minoritized population with mental health disparities. Transmasculine and gender diverse participants were especially likely to report using substances to cope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Benotsch
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Catherine S J Wall
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kyle Liam Mason
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shelby A Smout
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B Ethan Coston
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mary A Carrico
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kathleen A O'Neill
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jayda Tinsley
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mary K Stanford
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - An Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Martell ME, Roncolato L. Economic Vulnerability of Sexual Minorities: Evidence from the US Household Pulse Survey. Popul Res Policy Rev 2023; 42:28. [PMID: 37033089 PMCID: PMC10073799 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in the legal and social environment, economic outcomes for LGBTQ individuals suggest a high degree of vulnerability. We use data on over 500,000 individuals collected from July 21, 2021 to May 9, 2022 as part of US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse survey which is the Bureau’s first survey to collect self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity. We use linear probability models to answer several questions related to the economic experience of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals during this time period. We find that lesbian women, bisexual women, and bisexual men were more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to be in a household that experienced pandemic related job loss. Bisexual men were more likely than heterosexual men to have difficulty paying their expenses, experience food insufficiency and experience housing insecurity in the last week. Lesbian and bisexual women were more likely than heterosexual women to report expense difficulty and food insufficiency. The vulnerability we observe may have been exacerbated by the pandemic but appears to be largely due to pre-existing—and likely continuing—inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Martell
- grid.252838.60000 0001 2375 3628Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Johansson C, Kullgren C, Bador K, Kerekes N. Gender non-binary adolescents' somatic and mental health throughout 2020. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993568. [PMID: 36619033 PMCID: PMC9816129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-binary gender adolescents are particularly vulnerable and more likely to be exposed to several socio-psychological difficulties and disorders. It is vital to discover and act on the vulnerabilities they encounter. The present study aims to describe the somatic and mental health, affect state, frequency of risk behaviors, victimization and negative psychosocial factors, as well as the personality profiles of non-binary adolescents. In this study the concept of gender non-binary is used and captured respondents who selected "neither of these" as their gender from the possible options (female/male/neither of these). Materials and methods Data was collected between September 2020 and February 2021 in Sweden, Morocco, Serbia, Vietnam, and the United States. The cross-sectional, retrospective study utilized the electronic version of the Mental and Somatic Health without borders (MeSHe) survey. From the over 5,000 responses of 15-19-year-old adolescents, 58 respondents identified as being non-binary, and built our study population. Their data was analyzed with descriptive statistic methods. Results Close to a fourth of adolescents identifying as non-binary reported the existence of at least one somatic disease. The most prevalent somatic disease was allergies. Almost one-third had suffered from pain either often or all the time in the past 12 months. The highest levels of perceived psychological distress were measured using obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and interpersonal sensitivity. The average level of alcohol and drug use during the past 12 months was low. About 40% of non-binary adolescents reported having experienced physical abuse, and half of them experienced psychological abuse at some point in their lives. Seventeen percent reported living with adults with alcohol-use problems. Non-binary adolescents' personalities were found to be dominated by high scores in Openness, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness. Conclusion This study presents a detailed biopsychosocial picture of a multinational sample of non-binary adolescents. Our study suggests that awareness and support are required from all fields of society, including family, school, healthcare, and educational institutions, for cis-normative culture to progress toward a greater understanding of and respect for gender diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Johansson
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Carina Kullgren
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Kourosh Bador
- Agera KBT AB, Gothenburg, Sweden,Center for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden,Center for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), Mölndal, Sweden,*Correspondence: Nóra Kerekes,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang X, Mohamed AE. The insufficiency of the Malaysian contact tracing app from the perspective of Chinese tourists: preparing for international tourism in the post-COVID-19 world. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12154. [PMID: 36578424 PMCID: PMC9791348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding tourists' feedback on using Mysejahtera is critical for tourism recovery in these destinations, and even more so for countries like Malaysia and China, where national Contact Tracing Applications (CTA) are mandatory. However, Previous surveys on CTA use have mainly focused on voluntary CTA users, using qualitative research methods. In this research, Chinese overseas students in Malaysia are included as the reference group, and Chinese tourists with experiences traveling overseas are put into the experimental group. A total of 890 questionnaires were collected and taken as the original data to carry out the Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests. Meanwhile, the experiment implemented a multiple linear regression mechanism to explore the variables that may improve the app Mysejahtera, with further analysis being conducted. According to the results, language issues are the most significant barrier to Chinese visitors using MySejahtera; the inability to register with a Chinese mobile phone number and the need to register a permanent address in Malaysia have a significant negative impact on the use of MySejahtera; and visitors' trust in science positively related to MySejahtera use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Jiang
- School of Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia,School of Business, Institute of Vocational Technology, SIP, Suzhou, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Ahmad Edwin Mohamed
- School of Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Turpin R, King-Marshall E, Dyer T. Latent syndemic profiles among sexual and gender minority college students and psychological distress amid the COVID-19 pandemic. J LGBT Youth 2022; 20:724-741. [PMID: 38107510 PMCID: PMC10721232 DOI: 10.1080/19361653.2022.2149659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) college students experience compounding psychological effects as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using latent profile analysis of cross-sectional data from a sample of SGM students (n=565) we tested for a syndemic of victimization, internalized LGBTQ+ stigma, racism, racialized heterosexism/cisgenderism, family rejection, and isolation associated with psychological distress. We also tested if increases in these factors since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with greater psychological distress among syndemic profiles. We identified four profiles: "Lowest syndemic factors" (reference), "High isolation only," "High isolation and rejection only," and "High syndemic." The greatest distress was observed among the "High syndemic" profile (aPR=2.99, 95% CI 2.20, 4.06), followed by the "High isolation and rejection only" profile (aPR=2.11, 95% CI 1.61, 2.76), and the "High isolation only" profile (aPR=1.32, 95% CI 1.03, 1.70). Among the "High syndemic profile," increases in every factor since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with greater psychological distress. The strongest associations were seen among increased victimization (aPR=5.85, 95% CI 1.33, 25.71). Victimization, internalized LGBTQ+ stigma, racism, family rejection, and isolation form a syndemic among SGM students, which has magnified since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodman Turpin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelyn King-Marshall
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Typhanye Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In the United States, COVID-19 unfolded alongside profound racial trauma. Drawing on a population representative sample of 20-60 year-olds who were married or cohabiting, the National Couples' Health and Time Study (N =3,642), we examine two specific sources of stress: COVID-19 and racial trauma. We leverage the fully powered samples of respondents with racial/ethnic and sexual minority identities and find that COVID-19 and racial trauma stress were higher among individuals who were not White or heterosexual most likely due to racism, xenophobia, and cis-heterosexism at the individual and structural levels. Both COVID-19 and racial trauma stress were associated with poorer mental health outcomes even after accounting for a rich set of potential mechanistic indicators, including discrimination and social climate. We argue that the inclusion of assessments of stress are critical for understanding health and well-being among individuals impacted by systemic and interpersonal discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Kamp Dush
- Minnesota Population Center and the Department of Sociology at the University of Minnesota. She is a family scholar with an interdisciplinary background that includes training in demography, psychology, sociology, and economics. Her research focuses on family functioning, including marriage and cohabitation, and its intersection with human development
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Dr. Howard E. and Penny Daum Aldrich Distinguished Professor in the Department of Sociology at Bowling Green State University. She is a family demographer focusing on trends in family formation and dissolution for same-gender and different-gender couples. Her research examines social relationships and the health and well-being of children, parents, and adults in the United States
| | - Miranda N Berrigan
- University of Minnesota. She is a human development and family studies scholar with interdisciplinary specializations in quantitative research methods and evaluation and demography. Her research focuses on the intersection of family, work, and well-being
| | - Rachel R Hardeman
- Blue Cross Endowed Professor of Health and Racial Equity in the Division of Health Policy and Management and Director of the Center for Antiracism Research for Health Equity at the University of Minnesota. Her program of research applies the tools of population health science and health services research to elucidate a critical and complex determinant of health inequity-racism. Her scholarship advances the field's conceptual and methodological tools for studying racism's relationship to health and healthcare
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wizła M, Glica A, Gola M, Lewczuk K. The relation of perceived social support to compulsive sexual behavior. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:141-150. [PMID: 36252343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We conducted two studies to investigate the links between perceived social support, problematic pornography use (PPU) and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD). In Study 1 (n=807, convenience sample recruited via social media) we collected preliminary data and in Study 2 (n=1526) we checked whether the results replicate in a sample representative of the Polish adult population. In both studies participants completed the Brief Pornography Screen, Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. In Study 1 and 2, general social support was a weak protective factor against CSBD (β = -0.15 and β = -0.10) and PPU (β = -0.12 and β = -0.09 respectively, all p values ≤ .001) adjusting for gender, age, sexual orientation and relationship status. The results for three domains of social support (from friends, significant other and family), however, largely differed between the two studies. In Study 1, perceived friends' support weakly protected against PPU and CSBD symptoms. In Study 2 higher support from friends weakly predicted lower CSBD symptoms among men; and stronger family support predicted lower PPU. Support from a significant other was weakly related to lower CSBD for women in Study 1. The conducted studies provided evidence that perceived social support is a protective factor against problematic sexual behavior; however, its predictive power is limited and further studies are needed to assess the importance of various domains of social support in the development of CSBD and PPU symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wizła
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Glica
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Gola
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computations, University of California, San Diego, United States; Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hong C, Stephenson R, Santos GM, Garner A, Howell S, Holloway I. Intimate Partner Violence Victimization During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among a Global Online Sample of Sexual Minority Men. J Fam Violence 2022; 38:1-10. [PMID: 36373030 PMCID: PMC9638473 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to describe the prevalence of IPV victimization, changes of experiencing IPV victimization, and examined factors associated with more severe or frequent IPV victimization since the COVID-19 crisis among a global sample of sexual minority men (SMM). Methods Data were collected between October and November 2020 through a gay social networking (GSN) application. We used multinominal logistic regression to examine correlates of experiencing any IPV during the pandemic and experiencing more severe or frequent IPV since the pandemic began. Results Of all participants (n = 9420), IPV victimization prevalence in the past 6 months was 17.0%, 19.5% of whom reported experiencing more severe or frequent IPV and 55.7% reported experiencing IPV that stayed the same since the COVID-19 started. Experiencing more severe or frequent IPV victimization since the pandemic began was associated with having engaged in sex work, having an income reduction by more than 20% and cutting meals since the COVID-19 crisis began. Increased tobacco use and psychological distress were also associated with increased IPV victimization. Lastly, SMM who reported having met a sexual partner through GSN apps were more likely to say that their experience of IPV had been more severe or frequently. Conclusion Our results demonstrate relatively high levels of reporting IPV victimization during the COVID-19 pandemic among a global sample of SMM. The findings illustrate an increasing need for IPV resources and programs as the pandemic continues to evolve. New technologies such as GSN apps have the potential to deliver confidential and safe IPV screening, services, and resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Hong
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, 3250 Public Affairs Building, 90095-1656 Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Glenn-Milo Santos
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- Center for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | | | - Ian Holloway
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, 3250 Public Affairs Building, 90095-1656 Los Angeles, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ramos-Pibernus A, Rodríguez-Madera S, Rosario-Hernández E, Moreta-Ávila F, Silva-Reteguis J, Rivera-Segarra E. COVID-19 impact on the psychological health of Latinx transgender and non-binary individuals in mainland United States and Puerto Rico: a mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2017. [PMID: 36333681 PMCID: PMC9636836 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate an unprecedented impact on all aspects of everyday life across the world. However, those with historically and currently marginalized identities (i.e., gender or ethnicity) who already experience a wide range of structural inequities have been disproportionally impacted. LTNB are a particularly at-risk population as they lie at the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender identity, language, migration status, geographical location, among others, which could further increase their COVID-19 and other health-related risks and disparities. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of key social determinants of health (i.e., gender identity, country, health insurance, employment) among a sample of LTNB individuals. METHODS The team implemented a cross-sectional exploratory design with an online survey technique using the secure web platforms REDcap and SurveyMonkey. A total of 133 participants completed the online survey. Most of the sample self-identified as transwomen (38.8%), transmen (26.3%), and non-binary (21.8%) between the ages of 21 to 72. All participants were Latinx living in either Puerto Rico (47.7%) or mainland United States (52.3%). Descriptive statistics, reliability tests, Mann-Whitney and rapid thematic analysis test were conducted. RESULTS Findings show that most participants were always (38.1%) or almost always (33.3%) worried about contracting COVID-19. Individuals living in Puerto Rico reported more difficulties than those residing in the mainland US regarding COVID-19 impact on psychosocial, emotional, and COVID-related thinking. Most participants' answers for the COVID-19 open-ended questions focused on three main domains: income, access to trans-affirmative health care, and coping strategies. DISCUSSION Findings evidence that although most of LTNB participants were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple aspects of their lives, those living in Puerto Rico experienced these differently when compared to those in mainland US. More research is needed to understand better the mechanisms and pathways through which this context specifically impacts LTNB health and wellbeing, particularly in Puerto Rico. This study could help shape the public health response taking into account the geographical location and other intersectional identities that play critical roles in the production and reproduction of inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alíxida Ramos-Pibernus
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 92 Dr. Luis F. Sala, Ponce, 00732, Puerto Rico.
| | | | - Ernesto Rosario-Hernández
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 92 Dr. Luis F. Sala, Ponce, 00732, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Eliut Rivera-Segarra
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 92 Dr. Luis F. Sala, Ponce, 00732, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu Y, Ling RHY, Ip TKM, Luo S, Lau JTF. Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination among Hong Kong Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men during Months 5–8 since the Vaccine Rollout—General Factors and Factors Specific to This Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101763. [PMID: 36298627 PMCID: PMC9609851 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated an under-researched topic regarding the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination behavior among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) and the associations of this with general and MSM-specific perceptions grounded in the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behaviors (TPB). A total of 400 Chinese MSM were recruited from multiple sources (site recruitment, online recruitment, and peer referral) in Hong Kong from July to October 2021, who then participated in a structured telephone interview. Of all the participants, the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination (i.e., taking at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination) was 78.3%. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that, after adjusting for background factors, (1) the general and MSM-specific HBM variables of perceived benefits and self-efficacy were positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior; (2) the items or scale of general/MSM-specific perceived barriers and social norms were negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior; (3) the general perceived severity and MSM-specific perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and cue to action were not significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior. The findings suggest that the HBM and social norm construct of the TPB only partially explained the participant’s COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Health promotion may need to focus more on modifying perceptions related to COVID-19 vaccination rather than COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rachel Hau Yin Ling
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsun Kwan Mary Ip
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sitong Luo
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
English D, Owens EF, Vaughan E, Rose B, Thompson AB, Garretson M, Viswanath AL, Lopez FG. Budget Justice: Investing in the Health of New York City's Ethnoracially Minoritized LGBTQ+ Students in the Wake of COVID-19. J Urban Health 2022; 99:894-899. [PMID: 36036878 PMCID: PMC9422933 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin English
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - E F Owens
- New York City Department of Education, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Vaughan
- New York City Department of Education, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Azure B Thompson
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Marné Garretson
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Crandal BR, Hazen AL, Dickson KS, Tsai CYK, Trask EV, Aarons GA. Mental health symptoms of youth initiating psychiatric care at different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:77. [PMID: 36180887 PMCID: PMC9524341 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in caregiver and youth reported mental health symptoms for youth initiating mental health treatment through phases of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, compared with symptomology reported the prior year. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective study analyzes group differences in mental health symptoms (Pediatric Symptom Checklist; PSC-35) based on 7874 youth seeking treatment in publicly funded mental health treatment programs during California's Stay-At-Home order (March-May, 2020) and the prolonged pandemic (May-December, 2020) phases of the COVID-19 pandemic as compared with matching groups in 2019. RESULTS Youth entering mental health treatment services, and their caregivers, reported significantly increased internalizing, externalizing, and attention-related symptoms during the prolonged pandemic phase, but not during the acute stay-at-home phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and with small effect sizes. Group comparison analyses did not detect a significantly larger effect for Sexual and Gender Diverse (SGD) youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, transgender, Two-Spirit, queer, and/or intersex, and Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC). CONCLUSIONS A large-scale comparison of youth mental health symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that mental health was disrupted for youth seeking treatment as the pandemic prolonged throughout 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent R. Crandal
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.286440.c0000 0004 0383 2910Behavioral Health Services, Rady Children’s Hospital, 3020 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Andrea L. Hazen
- grid.286440.c0000 0004 0383 2910Chadwick Center for Children & Families, Rady Children’s Hospital, 3020 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, 3665 Kearny Villa Road, Suite 200N, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Kelsey S. Dickson
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, 3665 Kearny Villa Road, Suite 200N, San Diego, CA 92123 USA ,grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491Department of Child and Family Development, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
| | - Chia-Yu Kathryn Tsai
- grid.514026.40000 0004 6484 7120California University of Science and Medicine, 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA 92324 USA
| | - Emily Velazquez Trask
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.427930.b0000 0004 4903 9942Behavioral Health Services Department, Health and Human Services, County of San Diego, 3255 Camino del Rio South, San Diego, CA 92108 USA
| | - Gregory A. Aarons
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, 3665 Kearny Villa Road, Suite 200N, San Diego, CA 92123 USA ,grid.427930.b0000 0004 4903 9942Behavioral Health Services Department, Health and Human Services, County of San Diego, 3255 Camino del Rio South, San Diego, CA 92108 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Reyes MES, Escote AMD, Ferrer AVC, Marpuri JKO, Santos ACDR, Torres RFE, Cayubit RFO, Bacaoco JRA. Suicidality among bisexual youths: the role of parental sexual orientation support and concealment. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35967510 PMCID: PMC9358384 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the heterosexual population, the prevalence of mental health outcomes such as suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts) is higher among sexual minority youth, particularly those who identify themselves as bisexuals. Bisexuals are at an even elevated risk within the LGB populations due to biphobia, monosexism, bisexual invisibility or erasure, and lack of support resources. These experiences may bring about issues regarding concealment of their sexual orientation linked to suicidality. Studies have also identified that parental support is a protective factor against suicidality among the youth, particularly their sexual orientation. The present study used a cross-sectional, predictive research design to examine parental sexual orientation support and concealment and their associations and predictive abilities in the suicidality of 151 Filipino bisexual youths aged 18-24 years old. The participants were recruited online within six months, from July 2021 to December 2021. As measured by the Parental Support for Sexual Orientation Scale, Sexual Orientation Concealment Scale, and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, results showed that among our bisexual participants, parental sexual orientation support and concealment did not have a significant relationship with and could not predict their risk for suicidality. Limitations and suggestions for further research were discussed, considering our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Eric S. Reyes
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, 1008 Manila, Philippines
| | - Alyzza Meynell D. Escote
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, 1008 Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Judith Kate O. Marpuri
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, 1008 Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Ryan Francis O. Cayubit
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, 1008 Manila, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
McLean CL, Chu GM, Karnaze MM, Bloss CS, Lang AJ. Social support coping styles and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of sex. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:106-110. [PMID: 35429530 PMCID: PMC9005353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the onset and exacerbation of mental health problems, such as stress, anxiety, and depression; yet stay-at-home-orders affected individuals' ability to make use of social support as a coping skill in managing distress. We aimed to evaluate how social support (emotional and instrumental) and biological sex were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression early in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Participants (n = 7256) had an average age of 50.13 years (SD = 16.75) and 51.6% were male. Using a cross-sequential design, seven cohorts of individuals completed baseline (T1) and one-month follow-up (T2) questionnaires online from March to July of 2020. We used a series of hierarchical regressions to identify types of social support (Brief-COPE, T1) associated with stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10, T1 and T2), anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, T2). RESULTS Greater emotional support was associated with less perceived stress, anxiety and depression (all ps < 0.001), whereas greater instrumental support predicted increased distress (all ps < 0.036) on all four outcomes. Moderation analyses revealed that greater emotional social support was associated with lower perceived stress at T1 for both women and men, with a stronger association for women relative to men. For women, greater emotional social support predicted lower anxiety. LIMITATIONS Self-selection may have introduced bias and participant self-report on brief measures may not have fully captured coping and distress. CONCLUSIONS Interventions enhancing emotional social support strategies, which appear especially important for women, might help manage enduring stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L McLean
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States of America; University of California San Diego (UCSD), United States of America.
| | - Gage M Chu
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States of America; University of California San Diego (UCSD), United States of America
| | - Melissa M Karnaze
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UCSD, United States of America; Center for Empathy and Technology, T. Denny Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion, UCSD, United States of America
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UCSD, United States of America; Center for Empathy and Technology, T. Denny Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion, UCSD, United States of America
| | - Ariel J Lang
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), United States of America; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UCSD, United States of America; VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tan KKH, Saw ATW. Prevalence and correlates of mental health difficulties amongst LGBTQ people in Southeast Asia: A systematic review. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2022.2089427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle K. H. Tan
- Trans Health Research Lab, School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Andrew T. W. Saw
- Labuan Faculty of International Finance, Univerisiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Freibott CE, Stein MD, Lipson SK. The influence of race, sexual orientation and gender identity on mental health, substance use, and academic persistence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from a national sample of college students in the healthy minds study. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2022; 3:100060. [PMID: 35529429 PMCID: PMC9056980 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study seeks to characterize substance use, mental health, and academic persistence in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing variations by race, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Methods National samples (n = 146,810) of undergraduate students from the Healthy Minds Study were compared in two time periods: Fall 2017-Winter 2020 (pre-COVID) and March-December 2020. Descriptive statistics were conducted including t-tests/chi square tests comparing differences between time periods. Logistic regressions were estimated for main outcomes: substance use (licit, illicit, none), anxiety and/or depression symptoms, and academic persistence (student confidence that they will finish their degree). Marginal effects of race, sexual orientation, and gender identity were reported for all logistic regressions. Results In March-December 2020, students had 1.70 higher odds of screening positive for anxiety and/or depression compared to pre-COVID semesters. Latinx, Black, and "other" race/ethnicity had significantly higher probabilities of screening positive, as did transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) students.;Students had 0.43 times lower odds of reporting substance use in March-December 2020. Asian, Black, and Latinx students had significantly lower probabilities of reporting substance use, as did TGNC and LGBQ students.; During the pandemic, most students (86.7%) report at least 1 day of academic impairment (emotional/mental difficulties that hurt academic performance) in the last month due to mental health (up from 79.9% pre-pandemic). Conclusions Using the most comprehensive mental health data in college student populations, this is the first study to describe the impact of the pandemic on undergraduate students' substance use, mental health, and academic persistence/impairment.
Collapse
|