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Xia M, Poorthuis AMG, Thomaes S. Children's overestimation of performance across age, task, and historical time: A meta-analysis. Child Dev 2024; 95:1001-1022. [PMID: 37997449 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Children tend to overestimate their performance on a variety of tasks and activities. The present meta-analysis examines the specificity of this phenomenon across age, tasks, and more than five decades of historical time (1968-2021). Self-overestimation was operationalized as the ratio between children's prospective self-estimates of task performance and their actual (i.e., objectively measured) task performance. A total of 246 effect sizes from 43 published articles were analyzed (4277 participants; 49.6% girls; sample mean ages range from 4 to 12; 86.0% of studies conducted in North America or Europe). Children's self-overestimation was robust across tasks, with their estimates of performance being 1.3 times their actual performance. In addition, children's self-overestimation decreased with sample age and increased with the year of data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Xia
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Thomaes
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Bretz K, Strotmeyer A, Seelig H, Herrmann C. Development and validation of a test instrument for the assessment of perceived basic motor competencies in first and second graders: the SEMOK-1-2 instrument. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1358170. [PMID: 38601826 PMCID: PMC11004451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1358170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Both actual motor competencies (AMC) and perceived motor competencies (PMC) play an important role in motor development research and children's physical and psychological development. PMC refer to children's perceptions of their motor competencies. To assess the PMC of first and second grade children (aged 6-9 years), the SEMOK-1-2 instrument was developed. The instrument is aligned to the validated MOBAK-1-2 instrument which assesses AMC in the competence areas "object movement" and "self-movement" Accounting for possible reading difficulties in younger children, the motor tasks and answer options were illustrated and explained verbally. The purpose of this study was to test and validate the SEMOK-1-2 instrument and investigate the associations between the constructs AMC, PMC and physical activity (PA), whereby PA was measured by the participation in team and individual sports. Data from N = 404 pupils in the German-speaking part of Switzerland from first and second grades (M = 7.8 years, SD = 0.69, 49% boys) were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factorial validity of the SEMOK-1-2 instrument. Structural equation models were used to investigate the association between the constructs. The analyses confirmed a two-factor structure with the factors PMC "object movement" and PMC "self-movement", corresponding to the factors existing in the MOBAK-1-2 instrument. Latent correlations between AMC factors and the corresponding PMC factors were r = 0.79 for "object movement" and r = 0.76 for "self-movement". Associations with external criteria and covariates, such as sex, were associated with both AMC and PMC. Analyses also revealed that children who participated more often in individual and team sports showed higher levels in both AMC and PMC. The confirmation of the two-factorial structure of the SEMOK-1-2 instrument and the associations between AMC and PMC as well as external criteria indicate construct and criterion validity. The SEMOK-1-2 instrument can be economically utilized for assessing PMC and is also suitable for the monitoring of PMC in the context of Physical Education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Bretz
- Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Strotmeyer
- Department of Exercise and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
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Humble A, Yu ML, Brown T. Association between parent-proxy-reported and child-self-reported perceptions of children's motor competence and children's performance-based motor skill abilities. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2274883. [PMID: 37918007 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2274883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When assessing motor skills, occupational therapists are encouraged to seek the perspectives of children and their parents to promote the delivery of client-centered care. AIM To investigate whether 9-12-year-old children's views and their parents' proxy views of the children's motor skill competence and their performance on a standardized, performance-based assessment are associated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty 9-12-year-old children completed the Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood (PMC-C) and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence - version 2 (PMSC-2), while their parents completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition Checklist (MABC-2 Checklist). Children's objective motor skills were measured by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2nd Edition (BOT-2). Spearman's rho correlations were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Significant associations were found between the BOT-2 total motor composite and the PMC-C. A significant association was found between the MABC-2 Checklist and the BOT-2 Strength and Agility composite, as well as the PMC-C total score. SIGNIFICANCE AND CONCLUSIONS Occupational therapists are encouraged to include children and their parents in the therapeutic process to capture individual perspectives and deliver client-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Humble
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Nursing, and Health Sciences Monash University, Frankston Australia
| | - Mon-Lin Yu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Nursing, and Health Sciences Monash University, Frankston Australia
| | - Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Nursing, and Health Sciences Monash University, Frankston Australia
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Chai H, Xue R, Yao L, Miao M, Han B. Configurations of actual and perceived motor competence among elementary school children in China: differences in physical activity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280643. [PMID: 38169653 PMCID: PMC10758469 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC), as determinants of children's active participation in physical activity (PA), were important for children's healthy development. The correlation between the two had been confirmed. To further understand this relationship, this study investigated the current status of AMC, PMC, and PA in Chinese school-age children, used a person-centered approach to reveal the characteristics of the development of motor competence (MC) in Chinese school-age children and the differences in the level of PA among different MC profiles of children. Materials and methods A total of 532 children (age: M = 9.37, SD = 1.80 years-old) from grades 1 to 6 participated in this cross-sectional study (male, n = 284, 53.4%; female, n = 248, 46.6%). The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) was used to measure children's AMC, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) to measure children's PMC, and the revised Chinese version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) to assess children's PA levels. Results There were some gender differences in AMC but no significant gender differences in PMC and PA in children. AMC and PA levels increased as the children aged, while PMC showed some decline. Cluster analysis identified four groups of children with different MC profiles. Two groups of children had corresponding AMC and PMC levels (the "high-high" cluster, N = 200, 38.91%; the "low-low" cluster, N = 63, 12.26%), and the other two groups were inconsistent in AMC and PMC (the "high-low" cluster, N = 100, 19.46%; the "low-high" cluster, N = 151, 29.38%). Significant differences in PA levels were found between children with different MC profiles. The "high-high" cluster children had the highest PA levels, whereas the "low-low" cluster children demonstrated the lowest PA levels. Conclusion AMC, PMC, and PA in Chinese school-age children were consistent with the pattern of child growth and development. Children with high AMC and high PMC usually had high levels of PA. Therefore, it was recommended to seize the best opportunity to intervene with children, and family, school, and community should synergize to help children improve AMC and PMC, and then actively participate in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Chai
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Miao
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Youth Vocational College, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bochen Han
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Burton AM, Cowburn I, Thompson F, Eisenmann JC, Nicholson B, Till K. Associations Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Psychosocial Characteristics in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:2191-2256. [PMID: 37542607 PMCID: PMC10587315 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor competence is an integral component of the health and performance of youth. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that motor competence interacts with perceived motor competence and physical fitness during childhood to induce positive (e.g. healthy weight status) or negative (e.g. reduced physical activity engagement) trajectories. Yet, while adolescence is a key period of rapid growth and maturation, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined the association between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics solely within adolescents. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) analyse the scientific literature evaluating associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; (2) evaluate the associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness characteristics and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; and (3) investigate the impact of moderator variables (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment) on the associations. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted, followed by a qualitative synthesis of study methods. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to establish the magnitude and orientation of pooled correlation coefficients between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents, whilst considering potential moderators (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment). RESULTS Sixty-one studies were included, totalling 22,256 adolescents. Twenty-seven different assessments of motor competence were used, with 31 studies utilising product-orientated (i.e. outcome) motor competence assessments. Meta-analyses of 43 studies showed that motor competence was positively associated with physical activity (r = 0.20 to 0.26), some physical fitness characteristics (e.g. muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance; r = 0.03 to 0.60) and psychosocial characteristics (r = 0.07 to 0.34), and inversely associated with weight status (r = - 0.36 to - 0.10), speed (r = - 0.31) and agility (r = - 0.37 to 0.41). Associations with flexibility were unclear. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesised interactions of motor competence with physical activity (positive), physical fitness (positive except for weight status, speed and agility) and psychosocial characteristics (positive) in adolescence. However, methodological approaches vary considerably (e.g. variety of motor competence assessments utilised), with limitations of the current literature including an inadequate assessment of motor competence, a lack of longitudinal observations and a failure to account for biological maturation. Future research assessing associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents should include longitudinal observations of a combined motor competence assessment (i.e. process and product) and account for biological maturation. Improved evaluation using these recommendations could provide more accurate data, leading to more targeted interventions to improve adolescents' physical and psychosocial outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42021233441 (PROSPERO ID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Burton
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK.
- Queen Ethelburga's Collegiate, York, UK.
| | - Ian Cowburn
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
| | - Ffion Thompson
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
- Queen Ethelburga's Collegiate, York, UK
| | - Joey C Eisenmann
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
- Lakeland University, Plymouth, WI, USA
| | - Ben Nicholson
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
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Carretti G, Manetti M, Marini M. Physical activity and sport practice to improve balance control of visually impaired individuals: a narrative review with future perspectives. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1260942. [PMID: 37780118 PMCID: PMC10534048 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1260942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual disability negatively impacts balance, everyday self-efficacy, and mobility and often leads affected subjects to perceive physical exercise as a burdensome challenge thus discouraging them from practicing. Despite the well-proven benefits of regular physical activity in visually impaired people, especially addressing postural control, there are no specific guidelines and most of the available literature seems to be flawed by critical issues. Given the wide heterogeneity and the multidimensional needs of this population, a more realistic and target-specific perspective is needed in order to properly investigate and promote exercise practice and adherence for balance improvement. On this basis, through a critical overview of the recent literature, the present article aimed to enrich the current knowledge about this topic by providing innovative suggestions, both practical and methodological, and specifically deepening the disability-related deficits and peculiarities of different age ranges. Moreover, since a multidisciplinary approach is advisable when designing and leading exercise protocols tailored to visually impaired individuals, such innovative hints also highlighted the central role of the adapted physical activity specialist, hence contributing to foster its official professional recognition and involvement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirca Marini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Zwolski CM, Paterno MV, Magnussen RA, Thomas SM, Goodway JD, Hand BN, Quatman-Yates CC, Schmitt LC. The Association of Physical Competence With Psychological Response Among Young Athletes at Time of Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2908-2917. [PMID: 37551704 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231188448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional index of return-to-sport (RTS) readiness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the achievement of physical competence criteria. Emerging research indicates that psychological response and self-perceptions of physical competence may be critical mechanisms for successful RTS among young athletes. HYPOTHESIS Young athletes with higher actual physical competence (APC) and perceived physical competence (PPC) will demonstrate a more positive psychological response at the time of RTS after ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 41 young athletes after primary ACLR completed testing within 8 weeks of medical clearance to RTS. APC was measured with isokinetic knee extension strength, single-limb crossover hop for distance, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. PPC was measured with the Athletic Competence subscale of the Self-Perception Profile. Criteria for APC and PPC were based on established age- and activity-relevant cutoff scores. Different constructs of psychological response were assessed with the adapted Sport Motivation Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) total and subscale scores (Emotions, Confidence, and Risk Appraisal). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine differences in measures of psychological response based on achievement of APC and PPC, while adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS Of the 41 participants, 10 (24.4%) met all criteria for APC and 22 (53.7%) met the PPC criteria. The regression models estimating the ACL-RSI score (P < .001; adjusted R2 = 0.331), ACL-RSI Emotions score (P < .001; adjusted R2 = 0.427), and ACL-RSI Risk Appraisal score (P = .013; adjusted R2 = 0.212) were statistically significant. Although APC was not associated with any measure of psychological response, meeting PPC criteria, younger age, and male sex were found to be associated with a more positive psychological readiness to RTS, but not with motivation or resilience. CONCLUSION Meeting PPC criteria was associated with higher psychological readiness to RTS among young athletes after ACLR, while meeting APC criteria was not associated with any construct of psychological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin M Zwolski
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark V Paterno
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert A Magnussen
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Staci M Thomas
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Brittany N Hand
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Catherine C Quatman-Yates
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura C Schmitt
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Almeida G, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Lopes V, Cordovil R. "Profiles of motor competence and its perception accuracy among children: Association with physical fitness and body fat". Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 68:102458. [PMID: 37665902 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The main goals of this study were to identify profiles in school-aged children based on actual Motor Competence (MC) and accuracy of Perceived Motor Competence (PMC) and to examine how children with different profiles differ in terms of Physical Fitness (PF) and Body Fat percentage (BF%). The MC of a total of 287 children (51.6% boys, aged between 6 and 10 years-old) was assessed using the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument, and the accuracy of the PMC was measured using motor tasks (standing long jump, throwing, kicking, and walking backwards). PF and BF% were assessed using the 20m shuttle run test and TANITA, respectively. Cluster (C) analysis revealed four profiles, two of which were aligned - high MC-accurate PMC (C4) and low-inaccurate (C2), and two that were non-aligned - high-inaccurate (C1) and low-accurate (C3). Children in C4 performed better on PF and had less BF% than children in C3 and C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Almeida
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Luz
- Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Luís Paulo Rodrigues
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Vítor Lopes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-223, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
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Britton Ú, Onibonoje O, Belton S, Behan S, Peers C, Issartel J, Roantree M. Moving well-being well: Using machine learning to explore the relationship between physical literacy and well-being in children. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1110-1129. [PMID: 36628524 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical literacy provides a foundation for lifelong engagement in physical activity, resulting in positive health outcomes. Direct pathways between physical literacy and health have not yet been investigated thoroughly. Associations between physical literacy and well-being in children (n = 1073, mean age 10.86 ± 1.20 years) were analysed using machine learning. Motor competence (TGMD-3 and BOT-2) and health-related fitness (PACER and plank) were assessed in the physical competence domain. Motivation (adapted-Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire) and confidence (modified-Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale) were assessed in the affective domain. Well-being was measured using the KIDSCREEN-27. Accuracy of predicting well-being from physical literacy was investigated using five machine learning classifiers (decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, k-nearest neighbour) in the full sample and across subgroups (sex, socioeconomic status [SES], age). XGBoost predicted well-being from physical literacy with an accuracy of 87% in the full sample. Predictive accuracy was lowest in low SES participants. Contribution of physical literacy features differed substantially across subgroups. Physical literacy predicts well-being in children but the relative contribution of physical literacy features to well-being differs substantially between subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úna Britton
- SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Behan
- SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cameron Peers
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johann Issartel
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Roantree
- SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Menescardi C, De Meester A, Álvarez O, Castillo I, Haerens L, Estevan I. The mediational role of motivation in the model of motor development in childhood: A longitudinal study. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 66:102398. [PMID: 37665860 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold: first, to examine the stability of the hypothesized conceptual model of motor development (without and with including various types of motivation) when children are followed up one-year later, and second to examine longitudinally whether changes in one model variable predict changes in other variables, according to the hypothesized pathways in the model. A sample of 361 Spanish students (50.7% girls, 8-11 years old) voluntarily participated in this study. In relation to the first aim, structural equation modeling revealed the expected positive relationship between the model variables in both measurement times. That is: actual motor competence (MC) predicted physical activity (PA) (p < .001), perceived MC mediated the relationship between actual MC and PA (p < .001), and autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between perceived MC and PA (p < .05). Moreover, the comparison of the invariance analysis showed non-practical differences between the unconstrained model and the constrained model, supporting the stability of the model over time. In relation to the second aim, the hypothesized model in Time 2 controlling for Time 1 values showed that changes in children's actual MC positively predicted changes in their perceived MC (p < .001), which in turn, predicted changes in their autonomous motivation (p < .001), and PA (p < .001) at Time 2. Based on these findings Physical Education teachers are recommended to foster children's actual and perceived MC as well as their autonomous motivation over time in order to promote PA strategies for lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Menescardi
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, Valencia, Spain.
| | - An De Meester
- University of South Carolina, Department of Physical Education, Columbia, USA; Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Octavio Álvarez
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Social Psychology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Castillo
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Social Psychology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leen Haerens
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, Valencia, Spain
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Carcamo-Oyarzun J, Salvo-Garrido S, Estevan I. Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Chilean Schoolchildren before and after COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Cohort Comparison. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040306. [PMID: 37102820 PMCID: PMC10135944 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the measures applied in Chile to reduce COVID-19 infections have been very strict, mainly for children who have experienced lockdowns and school closures for almost two years. Emerging evidence indicates that lockdowns have had several negative effects on children; therefore, the present study seeks to analyze the secular effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on Chilean students’ actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC). (2) Methods: using a sequential cohort design, data from 523 fifth-grade students at nine elementary schools (46.8% girls, age M = 11.11, SD = 0.66) were assessed in 2018–19 (pre-lockdown) (n = 265) and 2022 (post-lockdown) (n = 258). (3) Results: in the domain of object control (AMC and PMC), no significant differences were found (AMC p = 0.559; PMC p = 0.682). In the self-movement domain of AMC and PMC, the significant differences found presented a small effect size (AMC p = 0.044, ηp2 = 0.01; PMC p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.03). (4) Conclusions: although the differences encountered were not drastic, self-movement skills tended to be greatly affected by the lockdowns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings broaden information on the negative consequences of the pandemic on students in aspects related to an active and healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sonia Salvo-Garrido
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Isaac Estevan
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut (AFIPS) Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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12
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Goto R, Kitagaki K, Horibe K, Tamura K, Yamada N, Ono R. Relationship between Perceived Physical Competence and Outdoor Play among Children Aged 9-12 Years-Focused Sex-Specific Differences. Children (Basel) 2023; 10. [PMID: 36670685 DOI: 10.3390/children10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor play (OP), which is considered important for children's development, is declining every year. Perceived physical competence (PPC) is a vital factor that promotes physical activity such as OP, sports clubs, etc., but the relationship between PPC and OP was unknown. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between PPC and OP in children and consider whether there were any sex-specific changes. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Japan with 288 children (134 girls, age: 10.6 ± 1.01 years). OP was assessed using an original self-report questionnaire. Each weekday, the children reported the time of OP and were classified as "high" if they played outside for at least an hour three times. PPC was evaluated with a self-report questionnaire developed by Okazawa et al. (1996). It has 12 questions and was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, screen time, sports club participation, and the number of friends, logistic regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS Children with better PPC were significantly more likely to be classified as "high" [crude odds ratio (OR): 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.08; adjusted OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00-1.08]. Only girls with better PPC were significantly more likely to be classified as "high" in a sex-based stratified analysis [crude OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, adjusted OR 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.17]. CONCLUSIONS Particularly among girls, OP could be promoted as a voluntary physical activity with improved PPC.
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13
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Robinson LE, Palmer KK, Wang L, Scott-Andrews KQ, Chinn KM, Sur I, Wengrovius C, Meng E, Veldman SLC, Miller AL. Protocol for a cluster randomized clinical trial of a mastery-climate motor skills intervention, Children's Health Activity and Motor Program (CHAMP), on self-regulation in preschoolers. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282199. [PMID: 36893091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-regulation (SR) is critical to healthy development in children, and intervention approaches (i.e., professional training, classroom-based curricula, parent-focused intervention) have shown to support or enhance SR. However, to our knowledge, none have tested whether changes in children's SR across an intervention relate to changes in children's health behavior and outcomes. This study, the Promoting Activity and Trajectories of Health (PATH) for Children-SR Study uses a cluster-randomized control trial to examine the immediate effects of a mastery-climate motor skills intervention on SR. Secondly, this study examines the associations between changes in SR and changes in children's health behaviors (i.e., motor competence, physical activity, and perceived competence) and outcomes (i.e., body mass index and waist circumference) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT03189862). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PATH-SR study will be a cluster-randomized clinical trial. A total of 120 children between the ages of 3.5 to 5 years of age will be randomized to a mastery-climate motor skills intervention (n = 70) or control (n = 50) condition. SR will be assessed using measures that evaluate cognitive SR (cognitive flexibility and working memory), behavioral SR (behavioral inhibition), and emotional SR (emotional regulation). Health behaviors will be assessed with motor skills, physical activity, and perceived competence (motor and physical) and health outcomes will be waist circumference and body mass index. SR, health behaviors, and health outcomes will be assessed before and after the intervention (pre-test and post-test). Given the randomization design, 70 children in the intervention group and 50 in the control group, we have 80% power to detect an effect size of 0.52, at a Type I error level of 0.05. With the data collected, we will test the intervention effect on SR with a two-sample t-test comparing the intervention group and the control group. We will further evaluate the associations between changes in SR and changes in children's health behaviors and health outcomes, using mixed effect regression models, with a random effect to account for within-subject correlations. The PATH-SR study addresses gaps in pediatric exercise science and child development research. Findings hold the potential to help shape public health and educational policies and interventions that support healthy development during the early years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for this study was obtained through the Health Sciences and Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board, University of Michigan (HUM00133319). The PATH-SR study is funded by the National Institutes of Health Common Fund. Findings will be disseminated via print, online media, dissemination events and practitioner and/or research journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT03189862.
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14
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Estevan I, Bowe SJ, Menescardi C, Barnett LM. Self and proxy (parents and teachers') reports of child motor competence: A three-year longitudinal study. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 64:102331. [PMID: 37665815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to: 1) analyse the longitudinal trends in the evolution of the association between children's actual and perceived motor competence (AMC and PMC, respectively) according to the source of information: children, parents, and Physical Education (PE) teachers; 2) assess whether children, parents, and PE teachers can report on children's AMC longitudinally (considering the children's age, sex, and the type of motor competence). DESIGN AND METHOD A sample of 108 typically developing Spanish children (47.12% girls) from five schools participated in this study. AMC and PMC (locomotion, object control and overall MC) data was collected at three time points one year apart. Longitudinal mixed effects models with repeated measures were conducted. RESULTS Regardless of the domain of MC, no longitudinal association between children's AMC and PMC was found. Parents also exhibited limited capability to proxy report their children's AMC longitudinally. PE teachers' proxy reports of children' AMC were associated over time with object control and overall level. CONCLUSION This study confirms the necessity of specific training in AMC to effectively report on children's motor competence. PE teachers can be seen as a potential source to empower children's AMC and PMC development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia; School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Cristina Menescardi
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
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15
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Borrego-Balsalobre FJ, Cavas-García F, Díaz-Suárez A, Martínez-Moreno A. Physical Fitness Perception and Physical Education Enjoyment in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children. Children (Basel) 2022; 10:68. [PMID: 36670619 PMCID: PMC9856476 DOI: 10.3390/children10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood motor competence plays a fundamental role in long-term adherence to physical activity. Enjoyment levels and self-perception of physical fitness increase motivation, commitment, and participation in physical activity. The objective of this study was to assess the body mass index (BMI), weight percentile, health status, physical fitness, and enjoyment levels of physical activity. A sample of 138 persons, of whom 67 were males and 71 females, with a mean BMI of 20.04 (2.35) answered the questionnaires Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale and the International Fitness Scale−self-report of physical fitness in young people. Tests were administered to measure functional fitness and anthropometric characteristics. Statistical analysis included calculation of Cronbach’s alpha, ANOVA and Pearson’s bivariate test correlations. The data indicate the reliability of the International Fitness Scale. No significant differences by gender were observed for the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. The BMI showed that significant positive correlations with 20 m sprint scores (p < 0.001, r = 0.367) and significant negative correlations with 6-minute lap scores (p < 0.001, r = −0.360) could be caused by an older physiological age. The overall physical fitness level of the children was medium-high, with most of the children enjoying physical education classes and slightly higher enjoyment values for males 40.88 (5.42) than females 40.31 (6.16).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo Díaz-Suárez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, CEI Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Cade Abrams T, Terlizzi BM, De Meester A, Sacko RS, Megan Irwin J, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Cordovil R, Lopes VP, Schneider K, Stodden DF. Potential Relevance of a Motor Skill “Proficiency Barrier” on Health-Related Fitness in Youth. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36437559 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2153300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential impact of a motor skill proficiency barrier on measures of cardiorespiratory (CRF) and musculoskeletal (MSF) fitness in youth. A sample of 241 youth (114 girls) aged 10 - 18 years, completed the Motor Competence Assessment battery with composite scores indexed according to age- and gender-adjusted percentile scores. Motor competence (MC) levels were categorized as low (≤ 25%tile - proficiency barrier), moderate (≥ 26%tile to < 75%tile), and high (≥ 75%tile). CRF levels (Health Risk, Needs Improvement, and Healthy) were assessed using the Fitnessgram® 20 m PACER test. Low (≤ 20%tile), moderate (≥ 21%tile to ≤ 80%tile), and high (≥ 80%tile) MSF levels were assessed using grip strength normative data. Two 3 × 3 chi-square tests were conducted to determine the probability of MC level predicting CRF and MSF levels. Results demonstrated statistically significant models for performance on both the PACER (χ2[4, N = 241] = 22.65, p < .001) and grip strength (χ2[4, N = 241] = 23.95, p < .001). Strong evidence of a proficiency barrier impacting CRF was noted, as no low skilled youth met the "Healthy" fitness zone standards for PACER performance. Evidence supporting a barrier with grip strength was not as strong, as 20.8% of youth exhibiting low MC displayed high grip strength. However, all individuals with high levels of MC demonstrated at least moderate grip strength. Results emphasize the importance of developing MC during childhood as it may provide a protective effect against unhealthy CRF and MSF across youth.HighlightsThese data support the notion of Seefeldt's (1980) proficiency barrier as it relates to CRF, as no youth demonstrating low MC met the healthy fitness zone criteria for PACER performance. The development of MC may both directly and indirectly provide a protective effect against unhealthy CRF levels across childhood and adolescence.Evidence supporting a proficiency barrier with MSF as measured by grip strength was not as strong; however, all individuals with high levels of MC demonstrated at least moderate grip strength. Thus, the development of MC may be a protective factor to mitigate low levels of MSF via enhanced neuromuscular function.Promoting the development of MC in a variety of developmentally appropriate activities and settings (e.g. MC skills practice, structured and unstructured play, and performance contexts) is important to promote positive trajectories of CRF and MSF across childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Cade Abrams
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan M. Terlizzi
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - An De Meester
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan S. Sacko
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The Citadel, South Carolina, USA
| | - J. Megan Irwin
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The College of Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos Luz
- Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Paulo Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, (CIDESD), Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada – Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Vítor P. Lopes
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-223 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, (CIDESD), Portugal
| | - Kirsten Schneider
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - David F. Stodden
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Fierro-Suero S, Fernández-Ozcorta EJ, Sáenz-López P. Students’ Motivational and Emotional Experiences in Physical Education across Profiles of Extracurricular Physical Activity: The Influence in the Intention to Be Active. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19159539. [PMID: 35954910 PMCID: PMC9368178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between extracurricular physical activity (PA) levels and students’ motivational and emotional experience during physical education (PE) classes and how this psychological experience can predict the intention to be physically active. The sample consisted of 811 Spanish secondary education students (371 boys and 440 girls) aged between 11 and 17 years (M = 13.15, SD = 1.16). Students completed questionnaires about their PA levels, their intention to be physically active, and their motivational and emotional experience during PE classes. A cluster analysis was used to classify the students according to their level of extracurricular PA. Based on a regression analysis, the variables enjoyment, pride, hopelessness, competence, satisfaction, and autonomous motivation played the highest role, predicting the intention to be physically active in the future. Statistical differences were found among the different PA profiles in these variables during the PE classes (MANCOVA). In conclusion, hours of PA outside school have a high relationship with the students’ emotional and motivational experience in their PE classes, which is related with the intention to practise PA in the future. A series of strategies have been proposed at both the institutional level and the teacher level to improve the PE psychological experience of those students who practise less extracurricular PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Fierro-Suero
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Tres de marzo s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.F.-S.); (E.J.F.-O.)
| | - Eduardo José Fernández-Ozcorta
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, Center for University Studies Cardenal Spínola CEU, University of Seville Attached Centre-Spain, 41930 Bormujos, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.F.-S.); (E.J.F.-O.)
| | - Pedro Sáenz-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Tres de marzo s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
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Brian A, Starrett A, Haibach-Beach P, De Meester A, Taunton Miedema S, Pennell A, Lieberman LJ. Perceived Motor Competence Mediates the Relationship Between Gross Motor Skills and Physical Activity in Youth With Visual Impairments. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:310-317. [PMID: 33190627 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1831688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Children with visual impairments typically demonstrate lower levels of motor competence, physical activity, and perceived motor competence compared to their peers without visual impairments. Stodden and colleagues purport that perceived motor competence mediates the relationship between motor competence and physical activity for youth without visual impairments. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether perceived motor competence mediates the relationship between motor competence and physical activity for youth with visual impairments. Methods: Participants (N = 138; boys = 81, girls = 57) were age 9-18 years (Mage = 13.37, SD = 2.34) with visual impairments. Participants completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-3, the Test of Perceived Physical Competence-VI, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Locomotor skills predicted perceived motor competence, which predicted physical activity. Perceived motor competence showed a mediation effect on the path from locomotor skills to physical activity. There was no significant relationship between locomotor skills and physical activity. Conclusion: The results from this study provide initial evidence to support the hypothesis proposed by Stodden and colleagues. These data provide a rationale to include both perceived and actual motor competence within targeted intervention strategies to increase physical activity behaviors for youth with visual impairments. Future research should consider following participants longitudinally to test the roles of perceived and actual motor competence as factors supporting positive developmental trajectories for health.
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19
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De Meester A, Wazir MRWN, Lenoir M, Bardid F. Profiles of Physical Fitness and Fitness Enjoyment Among Children: Associations With Sports Participation. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:26-35. [PMID: 32903170 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1788700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study examined whether groups of children with different physical fitness and fitness enjoyment profiles could be identified and, if so, whether the different groups varied from one another in terms of organized sports participation. Method: Five hundred and fifty-eight 8-11-year-olds (56.99% boys) participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness and fitness enjoyment were assessed with seven items from a standardized test battery and a pictorial scale containing pictures referring to the enjoyment in those seven physical fitness tests, respectively. To examine whether groups with different fitness and enjoyment profiles could be identified, we conducted cluster analyses based on children's standardized physical fitness and fitness enjoyment scores. A two-way ANCOVA (sex*cluster) was conducted to investigate differences in weekly organized sports participation among each of the identified groups while controlling for age. Results: Cluster analyses revealed two groups with aligned levels of physical fitness and fitness enjoyment (i.e., relatively low-low and relatively high-high) and two groups with unaligned levels (i.e., relatively low-moderate and relatively high-moderate), respectively. Both groups with relatively high fitness scores were found to spend significantly more time in organized sports (M = 2.01 h and 2.29 h, respectively) than the two groups with relatively low fitness scores (M = 1.08 h and 0.98 h, respectively), irrespective of their enjoyment levels. Conclusion: Increasing physical fitness levels (especially among those children with suboptimal enjoyment levels) may lead to increased organized sports participation, while increased organized sports participation in its turn may lead to higher fitness levels. As such, participation in sports programs should be promoted in children of all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- An De Meester
- University of South Carolina
- Ghent University
- The Policy Research Centre on Sports, funded by the Flemish Government
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20
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Comeras-Chueca C, Villalba-Heredia L, Perez-Lasierra JL, Marín-Puyalto J, Lozano-Berges G, Matute-Llorente Á, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Casajús JA. Active Video Games Improve Muscular Fitness and Motor Skills in Children with Overweight or Obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:2642. [PMID: 35270330 PMCID: PMC8910272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Childhood obesity is an important public health problem. Children with overweight or obesity often tend to show the pediatric inactivity triad components; these involve exercise deficit disorder, pediatric dynapenia, and physical illiteracy. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of an active video games (AVG) intervention combined with multicomponent exercise on muscular fitness, physical activity (PA), and motor skills in children with overweight or obesity. (2) Methods: A total of 29 (13 girls) children (10.07 ± 0.84 years) with overweight or obesity were randomly allocated in the intervention group (AVG group; n = 21) or in the control group (CG; n = 8). The intervention group performed a 5-month AVG training using the Xbox 360® with the Kinect, the Nintendo Wii®, dance mats, and the BKOOL® interactive cycling simulator, combined with multicomponent exercise, performing three sessions per week. The control group continued their daily activities without modification. Weight, PA using accelerometers, and motor competence using the Test of Gross Motor Development 3rd edition were measured. Muscular fitness was evaluated through the Counter Movement Jump height, maximal isometric strength of knee extension and handgrip strength, and lean mass using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Mann−Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed. The biserial correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. Spearman’s correlation coefficients among PA, muscular fitness, and motor competence variables were also calculated. (3) Results: The AVG group significantly increased their knee extension maximal isometric strength (4.22 kg; p < 0.01), handgrip strength (1.93 kg; p < 0.01), and jump height (1.60 cm; p < 0.01), while the control group only increased the knee extension maximal isometric strength (3.15 kg; p < 0.01). The AVG group improved motor competence and light physical activity (p < 0.05) and decreased sedentary time (p < 0.05). Lean mass improved in both AVG group and CG (p < 0.05). Lastly, the percentage of improvement of motor skills positively correlated with the percentage of improvement in vigorous PA (r = 0.673; p = 0.003) and the percentage of improvement in CMJ (r = 0.466; p = 0.039). (4) Conclusions: A 5-month intervention combining AVG with multicomponent training seems to have positive effects on muscle fitness, motor competence, and PA in children with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Comeras-Chueca
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorena Villalba-Heredia
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Perez-Lasierra
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Marín-Puyalto
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano-Berges
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Matute-Llorente
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alex Gonzalez-Aguero
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (Á.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.); (A.G.-A.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A. Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (J.L.P.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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21
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Lawson C, Eyre ELJ, Tallis J, Watts M, Duncan MJ. Identifying actual and perceived motor competence based profiles among children. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:621-629. [PMID: 34875966 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop motor competence (MC) profiles in children based on their actual and perceived MC, and to investigate differences in physical activity (PA) behaviour and motivation towards PA between profiles. Two hundred and sixteen British children (7-10 years) took part in this study. Perceived motor competence (PMC) was assessed using the pictorial scale of movement competence. MC was assessed using process-oriented and product-oriented measures. A validated questionnaire assessed motivation towards PA and an objective measure of PA was employed. K-means cluster analysis was used to create profiles. Differences in PA and motivation towards PA were examined using ANCOVAs. Four groups of divergent and convergent levels were identified based on the contribution of either product or process MC with PMC. Motivation towards PA differed by profiles that included actual-process and PMC. Children with high actual process and high PMC had significantly higher levels of autonomous motivation than children with high actual process but low PMC. No significant differences were found between PA levels and profiles. Developing the quality and execution of actual motor competence (AMC) and PMC is key to stimulate motivation towards PA. Furthermore, maintaining AMC and PMC simultaneously may be imperative to children's future PA behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Lawson
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma L J Eyre
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Matt Watts
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael J Duncan
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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22
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Comeras-Chueca C, Marin-Puyalto J, Matute-Llorente A, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Casajus JA, Gonzalez-Aguero A. Effects of Active Video Games on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Serious Games 2021; 9:e29981. [PMID: 34661549 PMCID: PMC8561411 DOI: 10.2196/29981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is one of the most important public health problems. Active video games (AVGs) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to increase energy expenditure and are being investigated to determine their effectiveness against childhood obesity. Objective The aim of this study is to summarize the existing research and draw conclusions about the effects of AVGs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods The search strategy was applied to PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, including randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials investigating the effects of AVG programs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. To measure the risk of bias in randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, 2 different quality assessment tools were used. In total, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the variables of interest were BMI, body fat percentage, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), waist circumference, fat-free mass, muscular fitness, and motor competence. A meta-analysis was performed. Results Positive effects were found for BMI and body fat percentage, favoring the AVG group compared with a control group with no intervention (mean difference −0.209; 95% CI −0.388 to −0.031 vs mean difference −0.879; 95% CI −1.138 to −0.602). Positive effects seem to be observed for CRF. The effects of AVG interventions on muscular fitness, fat-free mass, waist circumference, and motor competence are unclear. Conclusions AVG programs showed positive effects on BMI, body fat percentage, and CRF. AVG could be a good strategy to combat childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Comeras-Chueca
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,GENUD Research Group (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Marin-Puyalto
- GENUD Research Group (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD Research Group (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD Research Group (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Casajus
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,GENUD Research Group (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Gonzalez-Aguero
- GENUD Research Group (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Niemistö D, Barnett LM, Cantell M, Finni T, Korhonen E, Sääkslahti A. What factors relate to three profiles of perception of motor competence in young children? J Sports Sci 2021; 40:215-225. [PMID: 34636285 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1985774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aims were to 1) examine profiles of perception of motor competence (PMC) in relation to actual motor competence (AMC), i.e. under-estimators (UEs), realistic estimators (REs) and over-estimators (OEs) and 2) investigate associations between the profiles and selected socioecological factors at the individual, family and environmental levels. PMC (Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence) and AMC (Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition) were administered to a representative sample of children from 37 childcare centres in Finland (n=441;6.2±0.6yrs;52% boys). Socioecological factors were investigated using a parental questionnaire. The three profiles were formed based on age- and gender-adjusted PMC and AMC z-scores. Multinomial logistic regression showed that OEs (n=81; p=0.04) tended to be younger than REs (n=306; p=0.04) and UEs (n=54; p=0.03). Parents of OEs reported more child health and developmental issues than parents of REs (p=0.03). Parents of UEs self-reported providing more support for physical activity than parents' of REs (p=0.04). REs tended to live in denser population areas than UEs (n=54; p=0.03). Whilst PMC profiles revealed some socioecological differences, future research needs to focus on a broader range of potential correlates and untangle methodological analyses challenges to deepen the knowledge about PMC development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Niemistö
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Marja Cantell
- Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education, University of Groningen, Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Taija Finni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Elisa Korhonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
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Philpott C, Utesch T, Belton S, Donovan B, Chambers F, Lester D, O’Brien W. Effects of an 8-Week Intervention Targeting the Veridicality of Actual and Perceived Motor Competence Among Irish Adolescents in Project FLAME. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2186-2210. [PMID: 34325555 PMCID: PMC8414829 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211035090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High levels of perceived motor competence and low levels of actual motor competence in youth populations have been reported world-wide. Both perceived and actual motor competence have been deemed independent correlates of health and physical activity (PA) behavior, and past research has indicated that their alignment may be linked to more consistent PA. Moreover, there is potential for a movement-based intervention to strengthen the alignment between perceived and actual motor competence, perhaps then guiding future health, PA, and community sport engagement globally. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week movement-based intervention on increasing the alignment (i.e., veridicality) between PMC and AMC among Irish adolescent youth. We collected data on adolescents (n = 324; females = 149; M age = 14.5, SD = 0.88 years) across six second-level schools in Ireland, including measurements of actual and perceived, motor competence at pre- and post-intervention. We observed low levels of actual in contrast to high levels of perceived motor competence. We found a small but significant veridical alignment between perceived and actual motor competence, but there was no intervention effect on alignment. Future research should prioritize a longer intervention duration that targets student learning and understanding in order to develop veridical perceptions in adolescents that might sustain their participation in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Philpott
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education,
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Till Utesch
- Department of Pedagogical Assessment and Potential Development,
Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Muenster, Münster,
Germany
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University,
Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Donovan
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education,
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Chambers
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education,
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Lester
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education,
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wesley O’Brien
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education,
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal injuries sustained in female adolescent volleyball players. METHODS Volleyball players (n = 276; 13-18 years), with any level of volleyball experience, were recruited. Participants completed a study-specific survey about their overall sport(s) involvement, training modalities, volleyball experience (beginner, intermediate, advanced), annual volume of volleyball play, injuries accrued during volleyball, and care received for injury. RESULTS Annual volume of volleyball play was higher in advanced than beginner/intermediate players (490.0 hr/yr versus 302.3 hr/yr; p < 0.0001). Nearly 67% (188/276) of participants incurred one or more volleyball-related injuries over the last year. The ankle (40.6%), fingers (36.6%), knee (21.2%), and shoulder (15.5%) were the most frequently reported injury. Injury prevalence was higher in advanced than beginner/intermediate players (73.5% versus 62.0%; p = 0.04). Beginner/intermediate players have significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of sustaining an elbow injury than advanced players (OR 5.88; p = 0.025). 21.5% of injured players missed more than one month of play. CONCLUSION More competitive and experienced adolescent female players may incur injuries due to progressively higher volumes of play as experience and competition level increase. Players who have committed to only playing volleyball participated in greater volumes of volleyball play, which increases the odds of sustaining an injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding injury risk factors may improve clinical management and injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Wasser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brady Tripp
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle L Bruner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel R Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel S Leitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason L Zaremski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heather K Vincent
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Jaakkola T, Yli-Piipari S, Huhtiniemi M, Salin K, Hakonen H, Gråstén A. Motor Competence and Health-related Fitness of School-Age Children: A Two-Year Latent Transition Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2645-2652. [PMID: 34310497 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were twofold: 1) to identify latent physical performance profiles of motor competence (MC) and cardiorespiratory (CF) and muscular fitness (MF) among school-aged children and 2) explore transition probabilities in physical performance profiles over a two-year period. METHODS The present sample comprised 1148 (583 girls, 565 boys) elementary school students (baseline Mage = 11.27 ± .32), and data were collected annually (equal intervals) over a period of two years which resulted in a total of three measurements. The measures used were the throwing-catching combination test, 5-leaps and two-legged jumps from side-to-side test (MC), 20-meter shuttle run test (CF), and curl-up and push-up tests (MF). Latent transition analysis was used to identify and track physical performance profiles derived from the measurements of MC, CF, and MF scores. RESULTS The key findings were: 1) three physical performance profiles were identified: a) Low (28 % of the sample; lowest level in each category), b) Moderate (43 % of the sample; higher MC, CF and MF than Low), c) High (29 % of the sample; highest MF); 2) the number of physical performance profiles and probability to belong to a given profile were stable across time; 3) the highest transition probability was found in the High group, where some students had transitioned to the Moderate group at T2, and 4) girls were most likely to belong to the Low. CONCLUSION Results demonstrated that children's physical performance profiles are stable from late childhood to early adolescence. This study suggests that the early elementary school years are essential for the development of children's MC and health-related fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
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das Virgens Chagas D, Coutinho A, Joia MC, Marinho B, Ribeiro M, Michel C. Do Adolescents with Low Motor Competence Have Increased Risk for Overweight and Obesity? Child Obes 2021; 17:322-328. [PMID: 33891489 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is an important time for establishing behavioral patterns which favorably affect health, including weight status. Yet, the prevalence of adolescent overweight/obesity is high, and it is unknown whether low levels of motor competence are a risk factor. The purpose of this study was to assess whether adolescents with low motor competence are at increased risk of overweight/obesity. Methods: A total of 142 adolescents (47.2% boys) aged 12-14 years were recruited from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Motor competence level was assessed using the Körperkoordinationtest fur kinder (KTK) and classified in two categories: "low" and "adequate." BMI measures were used to classify weight status as "healthy" or "overweight/obese." The correlation between motor competence level and BMI was tested. A binary logistic regression model was executed adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, and stature). Results: Motor competence was moderately associated with BMI (r = -0.573, p < 0.001). Nearly four in five adolescents with low motor competence were overweight/obese. Further, adolescents with low motor competence had a risk six times higher of being overweight/obese (odds ratio = 6.832, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 2.477-18.845). Conclusions: This study showed that a low level of motor competence is linked to the odds of being overweight/obese in adolescents. This is a concern given the high prevalence of low motor competence in youth worldwide. However, our cross-sectional design does not allow the determination of causal mechanisms. Regardless, we reinforce the recommendation that young people should establish behavioral patterns favorable to adolescent health, including adequate levels of motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Coutinho
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Joia
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Blena Marinho
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ribeiro
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catharina Michel
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Comeras-Chueca C, Marin-Puyalto J, Matute-Llorente A, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Casajus JA, Gonzalez-Aguero A. The Effects of Active Video Games on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents with Healthy Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18136965. [PMID: 34209767 PMCID: PMC8296862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Poor levels of physical fitness and motor skills are problems for today’s children. Active video games (AVG) could be an attractive strategy to help address them. The aim was to investigate the effects of AVG on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with healthy weight. (2) Methods: Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of AVG programs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence were included. Two different quality assessment tools were used to measure the risk of bias. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria and the variables of interest were body mass index (BMI), body fat, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness and motor competence. (3) Results: AVG interventions seem to have benefits in BMI when lasting longer than 18 weeks (SMD, −0.590; 95% IC, −1.071, −0.108) and in CRF (SMD, 0.438; 95% IC, 0.022, 0.855). AVG seems to be a promising tool to improve muscular fitness and motor competence but the effects are still unclear due to the lack of evidence. (4) Conclusions: AVG seem to be an effective tool for improving some components of health-related physical fitness and motor competence in healthy-weight children and adolescents, but the effect on some fitness components needs further research. Therefore, AVG may be included as a strategy to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Comeras-Chueca
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (J.A.C.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (A.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.)
- EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Marin-Puyalto
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (A.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.)
- EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (A.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.)
- EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (A.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.)
- EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A. Casajus
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (J.A.C.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (A.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.)
- EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alex Gonzalez-Aguero
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (A.M.-L.); (G.V.-R.)
- EXERNET, Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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D'Hondt E, Buelens L, Barnett LM, Howells K, Sääkslahti A, Costa AM, Jidovtseff B, Mertens L, Martelaer KD. Differences between Young Children's Actual, Self-perceived and Parent-perceived Aquatic Skills. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1905-1931. [PMID: 34154469 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211017864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury/death in children worldwide, perceptions of their actual aquatic skills are of critical importance. Children's self-perceptions may influence the risks they take, and parental perceptions may influence the degree of supervision deemed to be necessary for children in and around water. Accordingly, we examined the differences between young children's actual, self-perceived and parent-perceived aquatic skills. Using a three-way repeated measures ANCOVA, we analyzed data from 134 child-parent dyads (56.0% boys; M age = 7.1, SD = 1.1 years; and 71.6% mothers). We measured self and parental perceptions of the child's aquatic skills with the 'Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence' (PSPWC), and we applied the exact same 17 test items of the PSPWC to assess the child's actual aquatic skill level in the water. Controlling for years of swimming school experience, within-subject differences between the total scores on the 'Actual Aquatic Skills Test' (AAST) and both the child- and parent-completed PSPWC indicated lower than actual estimates of the children's aquatic skill level. The degree of disagreement against the AAST was more pronounced in parents than in 6-7 year-old children but was similar between parents and 8-9 year-old children, with these patterns being evident regardless of the children's sex. Our study contributes to an ongoing validation of the PSPWC and represents a key advance in assessing and comparing children's actual and perceived aquatic skill competence, using perfectly aligned instruments. Future research and practice might explore children's actual aquatic skills in different contexts (e.g., open water), include perspectives of non-parent caregivers and assess perceived and actual water competence across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D'Hondt
- Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lise Buelens
- Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Kristy Howells
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aldo M Costa
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Boris Jidovtseff
- Research Unit on Childhood, Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lisa Mertens
- Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristine De Martelaer
- Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Mercê C, Branco M, Catela D, Lopes F, Rodrigues LP, Cordovil R. Learning to Cycle: Are Physical Activity and Birth Order Related to the Age of Learning How to Ride a Bicycle? Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8060487. [PMID: 34200996 PMCID: PMC8226627 DOI: 10.3390/children8060487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present article aimed to verify whether the age at which children learn to ride a bicycle is related to their physical activity or birth order. Data were collected from an online structured survey between November 2019 and June 2020. A total of 8614 responses were obtained from 22 countries. The results reveal significant differences in learning age depending on the frequency of physical activity (F(5, 7235) = 35.12, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.24). People who engaged in physical activity less than twice a month learned to cycle later (M = 7.5 ± 5.3 years) than people who engaged in physical activity on a daily basis (M = 5.7 ± 2.2 years) (p < 0.001). There were also significant differences in learning age according to birth order (F(2, 3008) = 7.31, p = 0.00, ηp2 = 0.005). Only children had the highest learning age (M = 5.5 ± 2.4 years), whereas those who were born last had the lowest, (M = 5.1 ± 1.9 years) (p = 0.013). Creating opportunities for children to be engaged in play and physical activity and social modulation through their older siblings seem to be key conditions to encourage children to learn how to ride a bicycle from a young age and to foster their motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Mercê
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, CIPER, Faculdade do Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (M.B.); (R.C.)
- Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Branco
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, CIPER, Faculdade do Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (M.B.); (R.C.)
- Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
| | - David Catela
- Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Motor Behavior, CIEQV, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém Branch, Complexo Andaluz, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
| | - Frederico Lopes
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - Luis Paulo Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, CIPER, Faculdade do Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (M.B.); (R.C.)
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal;
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Möller S, Poulain T, Körner A, Meigen C, Jurkutat A, Vogel M, Wessela S, Hiemisch A, Grafe N, Kiess W. Motor skills in relation to body-mass index, physical activity, TV-watching, and socioeconomic status in German four-to-17-year-old children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251738. [PMID: 33999953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study describes motor skills in a large sample of German children and adolescents and investigates associations with age, gender, body-mass index, physical activity, television time, and socioeconomic status. METHODS 2,106 children (1076 boys, 1030 girls) aged 4 to 17 years performed five different motor tests for strength (pushups, standing long jump), coordination (backward balancing, jumping side-to-side) and flexibility (forward bend) within the framework of the LIFE Child study (Leipzig, Germany). Anthropometric parameters were assessed through standardized measurement. Data on physical activity, television time, and socioeconomic status were collected via questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were applied to assess relations. RESULTS Strength and coordination performance were higher in older than in younger children. While boys showed a higher performance in strengths tests than girls, girls performed better in flexibility and coordination during precision tasks (backward balancing). In terms of coordination under time constraint (jumping side-to-side), both genders produced similar results. Lower body-mass index, higher physical activity, and higher socioeconomic status were significantly related to better motor skills. Longer television times were significantly associated with lower performance in long jump. CONCLUSIONS The present findings are similar to data collected at the beginning of the century, indicating that motor skills have hardly changed in recent years. The findings furthermore suggest that children from lower social strata, children with higher body weight, and children who move little have a higher risk of developing insufficient motor skills and should therefore be given special support.
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32
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Estevan I, Menescardi C, García-Massó X, Barnett LM, Molina-García J. Profiling children longitudinally: A three-year follow-up study of perceived and actual motor competence and physical fitness. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31 Suppl 1:35-46. [PMID: 33871084 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal designs enhance our understanding of children's development and its influence on movement behaviors and health. This three-year follow-up study aimed to develop profiles according to perceived and actual motor competence (MC) (locomotion, object control, and overall) and physical fitness in boys and girls longitudinally including children's temporal migrations among clusters in terms of profiling trends. A secondary aim was to compare physical activity participation and weight status at each time point according to these profiles. One hundred and four typically developing Spanish children (45.8% girls) between 4 and 9 years old at baseline participated in this study. Data were collected at three time points one year apart, between January 2016 and May 2018. A self-organizing map and K-means cluster analysis were used to classify and visualize the values and temporal trajectories longitudinally. The study of the profiles in three consecutive years revealed five profiles, three for boys [ie, profile 1 (aligned-high), profile 2 (aligned-partially-low perception-medium actual MC and fitness), and profile 3 (non-aligned-medium perception-low actual MC and fitness)]; and two for girls [ie, profile 4 (aligned-high) and profile 5 (aligned-low)]. For highly perceived and capable children, boys (profile 1) and girls (profile 4), there was a tendency for higher physical activity participation and lower body mass index and waist circumference over time compared to their counterparts who had medium and/or low levels in perception and actual MC and fitness (P < .05). As children age, those with low values in perceived and actual MC and fitness in object control skills will present a higher probability of maintaining unhealthy lifestyles. So, prior intervention, children's profiles identification should be analyzed according to the type of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Menescardi
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Javier Molina-García
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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33
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Estevan I, Menescardi C, Castillo I, Molina-García J, García-Massó X, Barnett LM. Perceived movement skill competence in stability: Validity and reliability of a pictorial scale in early adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1135-1143. [PMID: 33527419 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perceived motor competence (PMC) is important to health as it mediates the association between actual motor competence (AMC) and physical activity. Many instruments assess the broader construct of physical self-perception but no scale has been developed to assess PMC in stability. The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the reliability and validity of a new pictorial PMC in stability skill assessment when completed by early adolescents. A Delphi method showed ≥70% of experts' consensus in the seven proposed items. A sample of 904 students (11-14 years old) self-reported PMC in locomotion, object control, and stability using two pictorial scales: Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) and the newly developed Stability (PMSC_Stability). The Körperkoordinations test for Kinder (KTK) was also administered as a measure of AMC in skills that utilize stability. Two different subsamples were randomly assigned to criterion validity and reliability assessments. Spearman's correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and a general linear model for sex and age were conducted. The internal consistency (α) and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient) reliability values were good (>0.70). A single-factor latent model represented stability and did not differ by sex. Stability perception was associated with AMC (rho = 0.51). Stability is important to the performance of many movement skills (eg, single-leg balance or moving on a narrow surface). Understanding which adolescents have poor stability perception could highlight stability as an area that needs targeting in order to increase physical activity and sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Menescardi
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Castillo
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-García
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition. School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia
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Coppens E, De Meester A, Deconinck FJA, De Martelaer K, Haerens L, Bardid F, Lenoir M, D'Hondt E. Differences in Weight Status and Autonomous Motivation towards Sports among Children with Various Profiles of Motor Competence and Organized Sports Participation. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:156. [PMID: 33670830 DOI: 10.3390/children8020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed (1) to identify profiles in children based on actual motor competence (AMC), perceived motor competence (PMC), and organized sports participation (OSP), and (2) to examine differences among these profiles in weight status as well as autonomous motivation towards sports. Children’s (N = 206; 112 boys; Mage = 10.83 ± 0.92 years) AMC, PMC, OSP, weight status, and autonomous motivation towards sports were measured using validated assessment tools. Cluster analyses identified three profiles with completely convergent levels of AMC, PMC, and OSP and three profiles with partially convergent levels. Children in the convergent profiles with average to high levels of AMC, PMC, and OSP had the most optimal profile, as they combined a healthier weight status with elevated levels of autonomous motivation, while the opposite was true for children with low levels on all three cluster-variables. Partially convergent profiles showed that AMC and PMC appear crucial for weight status, as profiles with relatively low levels of AMC and PMC had the highest weight status, independent of their OSP levels. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of promoting AMC, PMC, and OSP simultaneously to help children in achieving a healthy weight status and being autonomously motivated towards OSP.
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35
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Otero-Saborido FM, Torreblanca-Martínez V, González-Jurado JA. Systematic Review of Self-Assessment in Physical Education. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:E766. [PMID: 33477483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the literature published over the last five years on the self-assessment of PE students in formal education contexts. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select the articles. A total of three researchers independently applied the above criteria and obtained a total of thirteen studies. After synthesising the results by category, we found that: a majority of the studies were conducted in Europe; all 13 studies covered the educational stages of either secondary or higher education; an even number of qualitative and quantitative approaches were distributed among the studies; some studies focused on specific sports or contents, while others were applicable to any subject; and, finally, depending on the research design adopted, the results described self-assessment strategy processes, improvements in learning, drew descriptive portraits of students regarding health, or reflected students’ positive perceptions of self-assessment. It is necessary to conduct further studies on PE students’ self-assessment, especially in primary education.
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36
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Hill PJ, Mcnarry MA, Lester L, Foweather L, Boddy LM, Fairclough SJ, Mackintosh KA. Sex-Related Differences in the Association of Fundamental Movement Skills and Health and Behavioral Outcomes in Children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether sex moderates the association of fundamental movement skills and health and behavioral outcomes. In 170 children (10.6 ±0.3 years; 98 girls), path analysis was used to assess the associations of fundamental movement skills (Get Skilled, Get Active) with perceived sports competence (Children and Youth—Physical Self-Perception Profile), time spent in vigorous-intensity physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index z score. For boys, object control skill competence had a direct association with perceived sports competence (β = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.21, 0.57]) and an indirect association with sedentary time, through perceived sports competence (β = −0.19; 95% CI [−0.09, −0.32]). No significant association was observed between fundamental movement skills and perceived sports competence for girls, although locomotor skills were found to predict vigorous-intensity physical activity (β = 0.18; 95% CI [0.08, 0.27]). Perceived sports competence was associated with sedentary time, with this being stronger for boys (β = −0.48; 95% CI [−0.64, −0.31]) than girls (β = −0.29; 95% CI [−0.39, −0.19]). The study supports a holistic approach to health-related interventions and highlights a key association of perceived sports competence and the time children spend sedentary.
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Mikalsen HK, Bentzen M, Säfvenbom R, Lagestad PA. Trajectories of Physical Activity Among Adolescents in the Transition From Primary to Secondary School. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:85. [PMID: 33345076 PMCID: PMC7739646 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on physical activity (PA) behavior reveals an overall decrease worldwide from early childhood and throughout adulthood. The ability to illuminate which factors promote activity for whom and in which phase of life, therefore, becomes a key concept in extending our understanding of individuals' physical activity trajectories. Accordingly, this study investigates latent trajectories of objectively measured PA in adolescents (n = 306) over 3 years from ages 13 to 15. Further, it was tested whether eagerness for physical activity, perceived athletic competence, and parental support were associated with the different trajectories of PA. Latent class growth analysis revealed two PA trajectories (trajectory 1: "decrease from very high" and trajectory 2: "steeper decrease from high"). Trajectory 1 had a higher PA level at baseline and less PA decline than trajectory 2. Trajectory 1, "decrease from very high," was associated with higher levels of eagerness for physical activity and perception of competence at all three time points. Furthermore, the effect size of differences between trajectory 1, "decrease from very high," and trajectory 2, "steeper decrease from high," increased from baseline (age 13, seventh grade) to posttest (age 15, ninth grade). This finding indicates a stronger experience of PA as enjoyable, personally relevant, and self-confirming behavior (i.e., "I regard myself as a person who exercises") within the most active adolescents and even stronger as they get older. Consistent with previous research, the PA level declined from seventh to ninth grade. Being more eager for PA and perceiving oneself more as athletically competent is related to higher levels of PA. This highlights the importance of optimizing environmental factors that increase adolescents' experience of eagerness for physical activity and physical athletic competence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marte Bentzen
- Department of Teacher Educations and Outdoor Studies, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Säfvenbom
- Department of Teacher Educations and Outdoor Studies, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aril Lagestad
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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Field S, Crane J, Naylor P, Temple V. A Longitudinal Examination of the Accuracy of Perceived Physical Competence in Middle Childhood. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 2020; 8:457-74. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2019-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Children who underestimate their physical abilities have lower motivation, higher anxiety, and lack of understanding as to why they may be succeeding or struggling in sports settings, which can result in withdrawal from physical activities. Theoretically, middle childhood is a time when perceptions of physical competence (PPC) become more accurate as children develop the cognitive capacity to interpret new sources of feedback and develop a realistic sense of their physical abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which accuracy of PPC changed from grade 2 to grade 4. Participants were 238 boys and girls (Mage = 7.8 yrs) from eight participating elementary schools in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition was used to assess motor skills. PPC were assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (for grade 2) and the Self-Perception Profile for Children (for grades 3 and 4). Results revealed that participants who underestimated or overestimated their physical competence in grade 2 saw an improvement in accuracy, and, by grade 4, had similar accuracy scores to their peers who were considered ‘accurate’ estimators. These results reinforce theory that suggests PPC become more accurate in middle childhood.
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39
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Invernizzi PL, Signorini G, Colella D, Raiola G, Bosio A, Scurati R. Assessing Rolling Abilities in Primary School Children: Physical Education Specialists vs. Generalists. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17238803. [PMID: 33256265 PMCID: PMC7730762 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Teaching physical education requires competencies to conduct the classes and to assess the motor skills of practitioners. Specialists (physical education professionals) and generalists (primary school teachers) differently experienced motor tasks during their academic education. This study aimed to compare the teachers’ ability in assessing the children’s forward and backward rolls from the analysis of the reliability of an evaluation grid of rolling abilities (Information Scale for Agility on the Soil, InfoSAS), which was investigated in a first study with teachers. A second study in young children explored the responsiveness of the InfoSAS to discriminate by skill level or by training effects. When administered by specialists, the InfoSAS resulted in being reliable (forward: p = 0.087 and p = 0.908; backward: p = 0.926 and p = 0.910; intra- and inter-rater reliability, respectively) and responsive in detecting differences due to expertise (gymnasts vs. primary school children; forward: p = 0.003, backward: p = 0.016) or improvements after specific training in rolling (pre- vs. post-children’s training; forward: p = 0.005, backward: p = 0.001). The results support the conclusion that specialists exhibit higher competence than generalists, which allows proper application of the InfoSAS, possibly because of the practice of skills and reflective teaching styles in physical activity they experienced, along with their academic education in sport sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Luigi Invernizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; (P.L.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Signorini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; (P.L.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario Colella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Raiola
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Education Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport Research Centre, 21057 Olgiate Olona (VA), Italy;
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; (P.L.I.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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De Meester A, Barnett LM, Brian A, Bowe SJ, Jiménez-díaz J, Van Duyse F, Irwin JM, Stodden DF, D’hondt E, Lenoir M, Haerens L. The Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:2001-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Ensrud-Skraastad OK, Haga M. Associations between Motor Competence, Physical Self-Perception and Autonomous Motivation for Physical Activity in Children. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E120. [PMID: 32882897 PMCID: PMC7552734 DOI: 10.3390/sports8090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that children and adolescents gradually participate less in physical activity with age. Several factors are associated with children's physical activity levels, such as motor performance, self-perception of athletic competence and motivation to physical activity. To gain a better understanding of the factors of importance for behavior related to an active lifestyle, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between motor competence, physical self-perception and autonomous motivation and to examine to what extent this association may vary by sex. The sample consisted of 101 children, whose average age was 11.7 years (SD = 0.57), 53 boys and 48 girls. All subjects were measured on motor competence, physical self-perception and autonomous motivation for physical activity. The results indicate a low positive relationship between motor competence and physical self-perception for the entire sample and among girls. There is also a significant correlation between autonomous motivation and physical self-perception. No significant correlations were found between autonomous motivation and motor competence. The association between physical self-perception and autonomous motivation suggests that psychological factors play an important role in children's participation in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Kristian Ensrud-Skraastad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Monika Haga
- Department of Teacher Education, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Philpott C, Donovan B, Belton S, Lester D, Duncan M, Chambers F, O’Brien W. Investigating the Age-Related Association between Perceived Motor Competence and Actual Motor Competence in Adolescence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6361. [PMID: 32882872 PMCID: PMC7504194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Irish adolescents have been found to possess high perceptions of motor competence. However, there is an evidential value to investigating the strength of the relationship between adolescent perceptions of motor competence and their low levels of actual motor competence. The purpose of this research was to gather data on the fundamental, functional, and perceived motor competence in adolescents, differentiated by year group, to discern if participants could assess their perceptions of ability. Data were collected on adolescents (N = 373; mean age: 14.38 ± 0.87 years; 47.7% female) across six second-level schools in Ireland, including measurements of fundamental movement skills, functional movement, and perceived motor competence. Poor levels of fundamental and functional movement were observed, with significant differences between year groups detected. Participants in 1st year scored the highest in overall fundamental movement skills; however, for overall functional movement, 3rd-year participants scored highest. High levels of perceived motor competence were reported across the entire sample. These scores did not align with actual motor competence, nor did any alignment between these measurements improve with aging, countering theorized age-related associations. Future research should target low levels of actual motor competence while emphasizing the cognitive aspects of movement to ensure greater accuracy between actual and perceived motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Philpott
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, T12 KX72 Cork, Ireland; (B.D.); (D.L.); (F.C.); (W.O.)
| | - Brian Donovan
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, T12 KX72 Cork, Ireland; (B.D.); (D.L.); (F.C.); (W.O.)
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, D09 Y5N0 Dublin 9, Ireland;
| | - Diarmuid Lester
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, T12 KX72 Cork, Ireland; (B.D.); (D.L.); (F.C.); (W.O.)
| | - Michael Duncan
- Research Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - Fiona Chambers
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, T12 KX72 Cork, Ireland; (B.D.); (D.L.); (F.C.); (W.O.)
| | - Wesley O’Brien
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, T12 KX72 Cork, Ireland; (B.D.); (D.L.); (F.C.); (W.O.)
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Britton U, Issartel J, Symonds J, Belton S. What Keeps Them Physically Active? Predicting Physical Activity, Motor Competence, Health-Related Fitness, and Perceived Competence in Irish Adolescents after the Transition from Primary to Second-Level School. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2874. [PMID: 32326333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) decreases with age. The school transition is noted for significant changes in PA behaviour. Motor competence (MC), health-related fitness (HRF), and perceived competence (PC) are generally positively associated with PA. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal cross-lagged relationships between PA, MC, HRF, and PC across the school transition from final year of primary school to first year of second-level school in Irish youth. PA (accelerometery), object-control and locomotor MC (TGMD-III), PC (perceived athletic competence subscale of the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents), and HRF (20 m shuttle run, horizontal jump, vertical jump, push-ups, curl-ups) were measured in final year of primary school (6th class) and first year of second-level school (1st year). In the sixth class, 261 participants (53% female; mean age 12.22 ± 0.48 years) were tested. In first year, 291 participants (48% female; mean age: 13.20 ± 0.39 years) were tested. In total, 220 participants were involved in the study at both timepoints. Cross-lagged regression in AMOS23, using full information maximum likelihood estimation, was conducted to test reciprocal and predictive pathways between variables. The full cross-lagged model showed acceptable fit (χ2 = 69.12, df = 8, p < 0.01, NFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94). HRF was the strongest predictor of future PA (β = 0.353), and also predicted PC (β = 0.336) and MC (β = 0.163). Object-control MC predicted future PA (β = 0.192). Reciprocal relationships existed between object-control MC and PA, and between object-control MC and PC. HRF was the strongest predictor of PA. Object-control MC also predicted PA. PA promotion strategies should target the development of HRF and object-control MC in primary school to reduce the decline in PA frequently observed after the school transition.
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Jaakkola T, Yli‐Piipari S, Stodden DF, Huhtiniemi M, Salin K, Seppälä S, Hakonen H, Gråstén A. Identifying childhood movement profiles and tracking physical activity and sedentary time across 1 year. Transl Sports Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | | | - David F. Stodden
- Department of Physical Education University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kasper Salin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Sanni Seppälä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Harto Hakonen
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Arto Gråstén
- School of Education University of Tasmania Launceston TAS Australia
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Kelly G, Davis K, Wales L. The presence of high level physical difficulties in children and young people with severe acquired brain injuries who regain independent mobility. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2019. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2018.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Children and young people with acquired brain injuries take part in less physical activity than age-matched peers. A possible cause of this is reduced high level motor proficiency. This study aimed to determine whether children and young people who regain independent mobility following a severe acquired brain injury continue to experience high-level physical difficulties. Methods A retrospective review of routinely collected Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2 assessments was performed. Descriptive data analysis of motor proficiency results, both overall and within the different subsections, was conducted. Results Out of 26 participants (5–17 years) with severe traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injury, 22 scored below or well below average in overall motor composite score. The mean standard scores across all participants in three of the subsections were below average: manual coordination 35.9; body coordination 37.1; and strength and agility 37.9. The only subsection that produced scores within the average for participants' ages was fine motor control (mean 41.8). Conclusions Children and young people demonstrate reduced motor proficiency following acquired brain injury despite regaining functionally independent mobility. Those not participating in physical activities should be screened for high level motor difficulties that may impact on their participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Kelly
- Research Physiotherapist, The Children's Trust, Tadworth, UK
| | - Kathy Davis
- Research Nurse, The Children's Trust, Tadworth, UK
| | - Lorna Wales
- Research Physiotherapist, The Children's Trust, Tadworth, UK
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Silva DAS, Chaput JP, Tremblay MS. Participation frequency in physical education classes and physical activity and sitting time in Brazilian adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213785. [PMID: 30865705 PMCID: PMC6415839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To examine the association between participation frequency per week in physical education (PE) classes and physical activity (PA) and sitting time levels in adolescents according to the economic development level of the region of residence. Methods A cross-sectional study with a sample representative of Brazil was carried out with 12,220 students aged 11–19 years. Participation frequency per week in PE classes, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), PA during PE classes, active commuting, PA outside of school hours, total accumulated PA, time sitting in front of the TV and total sitting time were assessed by using a self-administered questionnaire. Results Adolescents who reported having PE classes were more likely to meet MVPA recommendations (1–2 PE class/week–OR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1–1.5; ≥3 PE class/week–OR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.7–2.5), spent more time in PA outside of school hours (1–2 PE class/week–OR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.4–1.9; ≥3 PE class/week–OR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.5–2.6), and accumulated more PA (1–2 PE class/week–OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.6–2.2; ≥3 PE class/week–OR: 6.0, 95%CI: 4.0–8.9) than students who reported not taking PE classes. Boys from regions with higher Human Development Index (HDI) who took ≥3 PE classes/week were more likely to have higher levels of active commuting (OR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1–1.9) and less likely of getting in front of TV (OR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.5–0.9). Adolescents from regions with higher HDI were more likely to have more time spent in PA during PE classes (Male–OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 2.4–3.1; Female–OR = 3.2, 95%CI: 2.8–3.7). Conclusions Having PE classes is associated with a higher level of PA in both sexes and in both regions and lower level of sitting time in boys from regions with higher HDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Jaakkola T, Huhtiniemi M, Salin K, Seppälä S, Lahti J, Hakonen H, Stodden DF. Motor competence, perceived physical competence, physical fitness, and physical activity within Finnish children. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1013-1021. [PMID: 30825382 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate reciprocal relationships among students' motor competence (MC) (leaping, throwing, catching, jumping skills), perceived physical competence, health-related fitness (HRF) (20 m shuttle run, push-up, abdominal muscles endurance tests) and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants included 422 Grade 5 Finnish children (246 girls). Two separate structural equation models investigated paths (a) from MC through both perceived physical competence and HRF to MVPA, and (b) from MVPA through both perceived physical competence and HRF to MC. Model 1 demonstrated an indirect path from MC through HRF to MVPA and a direct path from MC to perceived physical competence for both boys and girls. Additionally, model 1 revealed a direct path from perceived physical competence to MVPA for the girls and from MC to MVPA for the boys. MC, perceived physical competence, and HRF explained 13% of variance in MVPA for the girls and 25% for the boys. Model 2 indicated indirect paths from MVPA through perceived physical competence to MC and from MVPA through HRF to MC for both boys and girls. Additionally, a direct path from MVPA to MC was found in the boys' group. MVPA, perceived physical competence, and HRF explained 48% of variance in MC for the girls and 53% for the boys. Results of this study provide preliminary support for the reciprocal nature of relationships among MC development, perceived physical competence, HRF and MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kasper Salin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanni Seppälä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka Lahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harto Hakonen
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Estevan I, García-Massó X, Molina García J, Barnett LM. Identifying profiles of children at risk of being less physically active: an exploratory study using a self-organised map approach for motor competence. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1356-1364. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1559491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group. Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- HUMAG Research Group. Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Molina García
- AFIPS Research Group. Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lisa M. Barnett
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition. School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Objective: To synthesize evidence from qualitative studies relating to adolescent girls’ perceptions of physical activity participation. The protocol for this review is registered with PROSPERO (ID no. CRD42017054944). Data Source: PubMed, Sports Discus, Academic Search Complete, and Education Resources Information Centre. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Studies reporting qualitative data that explored the views/opinions/perceptions of adolescent girls (>12 and <18 years old) published between 2001 and 2016 were included. Studies not in English, those focusing on school physical education or specific sports, and those including special populations were excluded. Extraction: Study characteristics and results were extracted to a form developed by the authors and managed using NVivo 10 (QSR International’s NVivo 10 software). Data were extracted by 1 reviewer, and a sample (25%) was checked by a second reviewer. Synthesis: Data were synthesized using a thematic network and managed using NVivo 10. The validity of the included studies was assessed using the “Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2018)” checklist. The ENTREQ and PRISMA statement was followed when reporting this qualitative synthesis. Results: Of the 1818 studies identified in the search strategy, 24 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Global themes were identified using a thematic network. These themes were “Gender Bias in Sport,” “Motivation and Perceived Competence,” “Competing Priorities during Adolescence,” and “Meeting Societal Expectations.” Conclusions: The results of this review provide insights into adolescent girls’ views on physical activity. Future research is needed to investigate the potential impact of alternative activity programs on adolescent girls with appropriate follow-up. Researchers and individuals working with young girls must consider the role of perceived motor competence in participation and how this can impact their perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méabh Corr
- Department of Arts Education and Physical Education, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jennifer McSharry
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine M. Murtagh
- Department of Arts Education and Physical Education, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
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Diao Y, Dong C, Barnett LM, Estevan I, Li J, Ji L. Validity and Reliability of a Pictorial Instrument for Assessing Fundamental Movement Skill Perceived Competence in Chinese Children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 2018; 6:S223-38. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2016-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Pictorial Scale for Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) in Chinese children. A total of 241 children (girls, n = 119) aged 4 to 9 years old (6.9 ± 1.53) participated. One week later two random subsamples were selected. One (n = 52) was to determine face validity and the other (n = 56) was to determine test-retest reliability. Internal consistency analyses through Cronbach’s alpha and construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Results showed (a) face validity was better for object control skills; (b) internal consistency was adequate for each subscale and all 13 skills (alpha range from .73–.87); (c) Intra-Class Correlations were good for locomotor (.62), object control (.73), and all 13 skills (.78); and (d) the modified two-factor model had a good fit (CFI = .96, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .05). The Chinese version of the PMSC is appropriate to use; however, considering the participants were only from Shanghai, results may not be generalizable to all Chinese children.
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