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Andrade GC, Santana BVN, Rinaldi MCS, Ferreira SO, da Silva RC, da Silva LC. Using native plants to evaluate urban metal pollution and appoint emission sources in the Brazilian Steel Valley region. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33021-6. [PMID: 38607483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In southeastern Brazil, the city of Ipatinga is inserted in the Steel Valley Metropolitan Region, which hosts the largest industrial complex for flat-steel production in Latin America, while also having one of the largest vehicle fleets in the entire country. Since potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are not emitted solely by industries, yet also by vehicular activity, the predominant emission source can be determined by evaluating the ratio between different elements, which are called technogenic tracers. We performed a biomonitoring assay using two tropical legumes, Paubrasilia echinata and Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya, aiming to assess chemical markers for the origin of emissions in the region, distinguishing between different anthropogenic sources. Plants were exposed for 90 days in four urban sites and in a neighboring park which served as reference. After the experimental period, plants were evaluated for trace-metal accumulation. L. ferrea var. leiostachya retained lower amounts of metals associated with vehicular and industrial emission. The opposite was found with P. echinata, a species which should be recommended for biomonitoring of air pollution as a bioaccumulator. Plants of P. echinata were enriched with Fe, Al, Ni, Cr, and Ba, whereas plants of L. ferrea var. leiostachya were enriched with Fe, Cu, and Co. In both species, Fe was the element with which plants were enriched the most. Plants showed highest iron enrichment at Bom Retiro, the site downwind to the steel industry, which has shown to be the main particle emission source in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Brenda Vila Nova Santana
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mirian Cilene Spasiani Rinaldi
- Research Center for Ecology, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stéfano 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, São Paulo, SP, 04045-972, Brazil
| | - Sukarno Olavo Ferreira
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Renê Chagas da Silva
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Campos da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Bellouard M, de la GrandMaison GL, Cappy J, Grimaldi L, Lontsi-Djeagou A, Alvarez JC. Trace elements repartition in body fluids, hair and organs in an autopsied population evaluated by ICP-MS high resolution. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 95:103978. [PMID: 36155229 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metals and trace elements (TE) is universal and can cause toxicity in case of excessive exposure. We evaluated the concentrations and tissue distribution of 39 TE using high-resolution ICP-MS after total mineralization by microwave in twenty autopsied French subjects. We found a globally homogeneous distribution of TE in the body, with some accumulations in agents, involved in respiratory pathologies and classified as carcinogens, in the lungs. The liver, an organ of metabolism, appeared to concentrate Co, Fe, La, Mn, Mo, Pb and Zn. Fe seemed to accumulate in the spleen, the organ of hematopoiesis. The kidney showed high concentrations of some TE, which can cause nephrotoxicity. The use of microwave mineralization and high-resolution ICP-MS allowed accurate quantification and a very high sensitivity, without spectral interferences. The results obtained in this study could be used to support the interpretation of post-mortem metal concentrations in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bellouard
- Toxicology laboratory, Raymond Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; MasSpecLab Platform, UMR1173, Inserm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Julien Cappy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Lamiae Grimaldi
- Paris Ouest Research Clinic Unit, Ambroise Paré hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Albine Lontsi-Djeagou
- Paris Ouest Research Clinic Unit, Ambroise Paré hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Toxicology laboratory, Raymond Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; MasSpecLab Platform, UMR1173, Inserm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
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Li G, Zhao H, Hu M, He J, Yang W, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Zhu J, Huang F. Short-term exposure to six air pollutants and cause-specific cardiovascular mortality of nine counties or districts in Anhui Province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:75072-75085. [PMID: 35648349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has attracted global attention. Meanwhile, CVD has become the leading cause of death in China. Some epidemiological studies have indicated that ambient air pollution may contribute to increased mortality from CVD diseases. Many studies have found a strong association between air pollutants and the risk of CVD deaths in some big cities, but few have focused on the effects of six pollutants in rural areas. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of six air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, and SO2) on CVD deaths of rural areas in Anhui Province and to further clarify which populations were susceptible to air pollution. First, the generalized additive models were combined with the distributed lag nonlinear models to evaluate the individual effects of air pollution on CVD deaths in each area. Then, random-effects models were used to aggregate the associations between air pollutants and CVD mortality risk in nine regions. Overall, all six pollutants had a statistically significant effect on the risk of CVD deaths on the lag 07 days. The associations between PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 and daily CVD deaths were strongest, with maximum cumulative RR (lag 07) of 1.91 (1.64-2.18), 2.27 (1.50-3.05), and 2.13 (1.44-2.82). In general, we found that six air pollutants were the important risk factors for CVD and specific CVD deaths in Anhui Province. The elderly were susceptible to PM2.5, PM10, and SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jialiu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hanshuang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jinliang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Wang Z, Coyte RM, Cowan EA, Stapleton HM, Dwyer GS, Vengosh A. Evaluation and Integration of Geochemical Indicators for Detecting Trace Levels of Coal Fly Ash in Soils. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:10387-10397. [PMID: 34282893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion residuals (CCRs), in particular, coal fly ash, are one of the major industrial solid wastes in the U.S., and due to their high concentrations of toxic elements, they could pose environmental and human health risks. Yet detecting coal fly ash in the environment is challenging given its small particle size. Here, we explore the utility and sensitivity of using geochemical indicators (trace elements, Ra nuclides, and Pb stable isotopes), combined with physical observation by optical point counting, for detecting the presence of trace levels of coal fly ash particles in surface soils near two coal-fired power plants in North Carolina and Tennessee. Through experimental work, mixing models, and field data, we show that trace elements can serve as a first-order detection tool for fly ash presence in surface soils; however, the accuracy and sensitivity of detection is limited for cases with low fly ash proportion (i.e., <10%) in the soil, which requires the integration of more robust Ra and Pb isotopic tracers. This study revealed the presence of fly ash particles in surface soils from both the recreational and residential areas, which suggests the fugitive emission of fly ash from the nearby coal-fired power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rachel M Coyte
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ellen A Cowan
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Gary S Dwyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervasio A Lamas
- Department of Medicine Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach FL.,Columbia University Division of Cardiology Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach FL
| | - Francisco Ujueta
- Department of Medicine Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach FL
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY
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Abstract
The high-rise and high-density housing development in nearby industry relocations is a general urban sprawl phenomenon in fast-growing cities in Southern China. Aside from the low price, the improved air quality in the suburban area is always a reason for home buyers, but the consistent monitoring of air quality and knowledge about how to plan housing estates are lacking. This paper investigates the relationship between the housing morphology and the air quality in three housing estates in Shenzhen. This research utilizes on-site monitoring equipment to examine negative air ions (NAIs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to examine the air flow. This study reveals the effect of the urban form on the concentration of NAIs and PM2.5 in spatial variation. A correlation study between the configuration variables of the urban form and the CFD air flow pattern helps to identify the key variables influencing the air quality. This study concludes that in housing estates with good air quality of surroundings, the building density has no remarkable effect. However, the footprint of buildings, the layout of podiums, the roughness length of the building, the distance between buildings, the open space aspect ratio and the mean building height may have a remarkable impact on the air flow and quality. These findings may encourage high-density housing development and provide planning guidance for the configuration of housing forms in Southern China and subtropical climate regions around the world.
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Jirau-Colón H, Toro-Heredia J, Layuno J, Calderon ED, Gioda A, Jiménez-Vélez BD. Distribution of toxic metals and relative toxicity of airborne PM 2.5 in Puerto Rico. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:16504-16516. [PMID: 33389579 PMCID: PMC7778501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) and its constituents is an important factor to be considered when evaluating their potential health risk. Transition metals found in PM are known to contribute significantly to the exacerbation of respiratory ailments. Exposure to these constituents results in the induction of oxidative stress in the bronchial epithelium, thus promoting the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, it is important to know the contributions of PM2.5 constituents to further investigate their relationship with toxic responses and associated health risks. PM2.5 samples from three rural (Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla) and two urban (more populated) sites (Bayamón and Ponce) from Puerto Rico were analyzed for various inorganic constituents. A total of 59 trace elements were analyzed, of which eight were considered with the greatest toxic potential. The highest annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reported at the urban site of Ponce (5.82 ± 1.40 μg m-3), while Bayamón's average concentration was not as high (4.69 ± 1.30 μg m-3) compared to concentrations at the rural sites Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla (4.33 ± 1.20 μg m-3, 4.93 ± 1.50 μg m-3, and 4.88 ± 1.20 μg m-3 respectively. The concentration at the Ponce site exhibited the highest summer value (7.57 μg m-3) compared to that of all the rural sites (~ 6.40 μg m-3). The lowest summer PM2.5 values were obtained at the Humacao site with an average of 5.76 μg m-3. Average Cu and Zn concentrations were 3- and 2-fold higher at the urban sites (0.68 ng m-3 and 6.74 ng m-3 respectively) compared to the rural sites (0.17 ng m-3 and 4.11 ng m-3). Relative toxicity of inorganic PM extract indicates Bayamón (urban) and Guayama with similar low LC50 followed by Humacao, Guayanilla, and finally Ponce (urban) with the highest LC50. Of the eight potential toxic metals considered, only Fe was found to be higher at the rural sites. To our understanding, there are different sources of emission for these metals which potentially indicate main anthropogenic sources, together with the trade winds adding periodically volcanic and African Dust Storm particulates that affect Puerto Rico. These results are the first of their kind to be reported in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Jirau-Colón
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Main Bldg. 2nd Floor B210, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jannette Toro-Heredia
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Universidad Ana G. Méndez de Gurabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico
| | - Josué Layuno
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Adriana Gioda
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Braulio D Jiménez-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Main Bldg. 2nd Floor B210, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico.
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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Arndt J, Healy RM, Setyan A, Flament P, Deboudt K, Riffault V, Alleman LY, Mbengue S, Wenger JC. Characterization and source apportionment of single particles from metalworking activities. Environ Pollut 2021; 270:116078. [PMID: 33243539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial metalworking facilities emit a variety of air toxics including volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. In order to investigate these emissions, a 1-month multi-instrument field campaign was undertaken at an industrial site in Grande-Synthe, Dunkirk (France), in May and June 2012. One of the main objectives of the study was to provide new information on the chemical composition of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the vicinity of metalworking facilities. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed to provide size-resolved chemical mixing state measurements of ambient single particles at high temporal resolution. This mixing state information was then used to apportion PM2.5 to local metalworking facilities influencing the receptor site. Periods when the site was influenced by metalworking sources were characterised by a pronounced increase in particles containing toxic metals (manganese, iron, lead) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a variety of chemical mixing states. The association of specific particle classes with a nearby ferromanganese alloy manufacturing plant was confirmed through comparison with previous analysis of raw materials (ores) and chimney filter particle samples collected at the facility. Particles associated with emissions from a nearby steelworks were also identified. The contribution of local metalworking activities to PM2.5 at the receptor site for the period when the ATOFMS was deployed ranged from 1 to 65% with an average contribution of 17%, while the remaining mass was attributed to other local and regional sources. These findings demonstrate the impact of metalworking facilities on air quality downwind and provide useful single particle signatures for future source apportionment studies in communities impacted by metalworking emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanna Arndt
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert M Healy
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ari Setyan
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Saliou Mbengue
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - John C Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Dumková J, Smutná T, Vrlíková L, Dočekal B, Kristeková D, Večeřa Z, Husáková Z, Jakešová V, Jedličková A, Mikuška P, Alexa L, Coufalík P, Tvrdoňová M, Křůmal K, Vaculovič T, Kanický V, Hampl A, Buchtová M. A Clearance Period after Soluble Lead Nanoparticle Inhalation Did Not Ameliorate the Negative Effects on Target Tissues Due to Decreased Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228738. [PMID: 33228049 PMCID: PMC7699374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO3)2 NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance. We examined (i) lead biodistribution in target organs using laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (ii) lead effect on histopathological changes and immune cells response in secondary target organs and (iii) the clearance ability of target organs. In the lungs and liver, Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation induced serious structural changes and their damage was present even after a 5-week clearance period despite the lead having been almost completely eliminated from the tissues. The numbers of macrophages significantly decreased after 11-week Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation; conversely, abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells, which are responsible for augmented collagen production, increased in both tissues. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1α and IL-1β , displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. In summary, diminished inflammatory response in tissues after Pb(NO3)2 NPs inhalation was associated with prolonged negative effect of lead on tissues, as demonstrated by sustained pathological changes in target organs, even after long clearance period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Tereza Smutná
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (D.K.); (V.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Lucie Vrlíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (D.K.); (V.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Bohumil Dočekal
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.D.); (Z.V.); (P.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Daniela Kristeková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (D.K.); (V.J.); (A.J.)
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Večeřa
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.D.); (Z.V.); (P.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Zuzana Husáková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (M.T.); (T.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Veronika Jakešová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (D.K.); (V.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Adriena Jedličková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (D.K.); (V.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.D.); (Z.V.); (P.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Lukáš Alexa
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.D.); (Z.V.); (P.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Pavel Coufalík
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.D.); (Z.V.); (P.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Michaela Tvrdoňová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (M.T.); (T.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Kamil Křůmal
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.D.); (Z.V.); (P.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Tomáš Vaculovič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (M.T.); (T.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Viktor Kanický
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (M.T.); (T.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (D.K.); (V.J.); (A.J.)
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Alexakis DE. Contaminated Land by Wildfire Effect on Ultramafic Soil and Associated Human Health and Ecological Risk. Land 2020; 9:409. [DOI: 10.3390/land9110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is the evaluation of fire effect on contaminated land and the assessment of the associated risk of human health and terrestrial ecological receptors. Ash and soil samples were gathered from burned and unburned areas (central Evia, Greece) which are adjacent with a Natura 2000 area. The geochemical dataset includes 20 sampling sites and 35 elements. The wildfire severity was investigated by applying a macroscopic approach and field observations. Statistical and spatial analysis were applied for delineating the distribution of elements in ash and soil. Elemental balance approach was performed for estimating net gain (+) or loss (−) to the ash. Element contents in sampling sites were compared to screening values proposed by the literature. Hundreds of hectares of burned land including wildland areas in central Evia are contaminated with (contents in mg Kg−1), Co (up to 43.5), Cr (up to 244), Mn (up to 1158), Ni (up to 463) associated with geogenic sources such as serpentinite peridotites and Ni-laterite deposits. Aluminum, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn contents recorded in the sampling sites are posing a potential risk to human health and ecological receptors.
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Orona NS, Astort F, Maglione GA, Ferraro SA, Martin M, Morales C, Mandalunis PM, Brites F, Tasat DR. Hazardous effects of urban air particulate matter acute exposure on lung and extrapulmonary organs in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110120. [PMID: 31896475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Air particulate matter (PM) can lead to extrapulmonary adverse reactions in organs such as liver and heart either by particle translocation from the lung to the systemic circulation or by the release of lung mediators. Young BALB/c mice were intranasal instilled with 1mg/BW of Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires or Residual Oil Fly Ash. Histopathology, oxidative metabolism and inflammation on lungs and extrapulmonary organs and the systemic response were evaluated. Lung histophatological analysis supported the rise in the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage from PM-exposed animals. Also, both PM caused recruitment of inflammatory cells in the liver and heart parenchyma and IL-6 and transaminases augmentation in serum. We have shown that despite morphochemical differences, both urban air PM altered the lung and extrapulmonary organs. Therefore, exposure to urban air PM may distress body metabolism which, in turn could lead to the development and progression of multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Orona
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Astort
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maglione
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian A Ferraro
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Depto. Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia M Mandalunis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Depto. Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Sundriyal S, Shukla T, Tripathee L, Dobhal DP. Natural versus anthropogenic influence on trace elemental concentration in precipitation at Dokriani Glacier, central Himalaya, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:3462-3472. [PMID: 31845255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutant transport and deposition at the Himalaya affects the climate, cryosphere, and monsoon patterns and impose an adverse impact over the Himalayan ecosystem. At present, the data on trace elements (TEs) concentrations and dynamics over the high-altitude Himalayan region are scarce and has received less attention. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the TEs concentration and depositional pattern at Dokriani Glacier, central Himalaya to understand their levels, dynamics, and potential effects. A total of 39 samples were collected from two snowpit stratigraphies, deposited during non-monsoon period and monsoonal precipitation between 4530 to 4630 m a.s.l. altitude in the year 2017. The results of analyzed trace metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Pb) showed high enrichment values for Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Mn compared to other parts of the Himalayan region, suggesting the influence of anthropogenic emissions (e.g., fossil fuel, metal production, and industrial processes) from urbanized areas of South Asia. Our results also revealed the possible health effects related to the enrichment of Zn and Cd, which may be responsible for skin-related diseases in Uttarakhand region. We attribute increasing anthropogenic activities in the environment to have a significant impact on the ecosystem health of the central Himalayan region. This study provides the baseline information on TEs concentration and sources in the Himalayas, which needs wide dissemination to scientific community as well as policymakers. Therefore, systematic observations, management, and preparing action plan to overcome the health effects from TEs pollution are urgently needed over the remote, pristine Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipika Sundriyal
- Environmental and Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Tanuj Shukla
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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13
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Hanfi MY, Mostafa MYA, Zhukovsky MV. Heavy metal contamination in urban surface sediments: sources, distribution, contamination control, and remediation. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 192:32. [PMID: 31823021 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Urban road sediments act as large basins for heavy metal contaminants produced as a result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. This study is aimed at reviewing research over recent decades on heavy metal contamination in different cities around the world. The study reviews literature from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus journal publications. Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd levels vary from one city to another. Based on the collected results, the pollution level and geoaccumulation index are estimated in each city. The levels of pollution in these cities range from low to extremely high, depending on the sources of pollution at each site (geogenic and anthropogenic sources, etc.) and factors like the distribution of industrial activities, population, and traffic emissions. This review shows that the development of modern cities and rapid urbanization are the major causes of heavy metal contamination in the environment. The contamination of the urban environment has different sources, both natural and anthropogenic in character. Solving the problem of heavy metal contamination in the urban environment requires the use of different techniques such as urban road control treatment and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002.
- Nuclear Materials Authority, Maadi, Cairo, 520, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Y A Mostafa
- Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
- Physics Department - Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 520, Egypt
| | - Michael V Zhukovsky
- Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Sophy Kovalevskoy St. 20, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620990
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14
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Luo X, Bing H, Luo Z, Wang Y, Jin L. Impacts of atmospheric particulate matter pollution on environmental biogeochemistry of trace metals in soil-plant system: A review. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113138. [PMID: 31542662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution and soil trace metal (TM) contamination are binary environmental issues harming ecosystems and human health, especially in the developing China with rapid urbanization and industrialization. Since PMs contain TMs, the air-soil nexus should be investigated synthetically. Although the PMs and airborne TMs are mainly emitted from urban or industrial areas, they can reach the rural and remote mountain areas owing to the ability of long-range transport. After dry or wet deposition, they will participate in the terrestrial biogeochemical cycles of TMs in various soil-plant systems, including urban soil-greening trees, agricultural soil-food crops, and mountain soil-natural forest systems. Besides the well-known root uptake, the pathway of leaf deposition and foliar absorption contribute significantly to the plant TM accumulation. Moreover, the aerosols can also exert climatic effects by absorption and scattering of solar radiation and by the cloud condensation nuclei activity, thereby indirectly impact plant growth and probably crop TM accumulation through photosynthesis, and then threat health. In particular, this systematic review summarizes the interactions of PMs-TMs in soil-plant systems including the deposition, transfer, accumulation, toxicity, and mechanisms among them. Finally, current knowledge gaps and prospective are proposed for future research agendas. These analyses would be conducive to improving urban air quality and managing the agricultural and ecological risks of airborne metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosan Luo
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Haijian Bing
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhuanxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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15
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Miri M, Ghassoun Y, Dovlatabadi A, Ebrahimnejad A, Löwner MO. Estimate annual and seasonal PM 1, PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations using land use regression model. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:137-145. [PMID: 30825736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) can increase mortality and morbidity in urban area. In this study, annual and seasonal spatial pattern of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants were assessed using land use regression (LUR) models in Sabzevar, Iran. The studied pollutants were measured at 26 monitoring stations of different microenvironments in the study area. Sampling was conducted during four campaigns from April 2017 to February 2018. LUR models were developed based on 104 potentially predictive variables (PPVs) subdivided in six categories and 22 sub-categories. The annual mean (standard deviation) of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were 36.46 (8.56), 39.62 (10.55) and 51.99 (16.25) μg/m3, respectively. The R2 values and root mean square error for leave-one-out cross validations (RMSE for LOOCV) of PM1 models ranged from 0.23 to 0.79 and 3.43-22.5, respectively. Further, R2 and RMSE for LOOCV of PM2.5 models ranged from 0.56 to 0.93 and 3.66-28.3, respectively. For PM10 models the R2 ranged from 0.31 to 0.82 and the RMSE for LOOCV ranged from 9.16 to 33.9. The generated models can be useful for population based epidemiologic studies and to estimate these pollutants in different parts of the study area for scientific decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Miri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Yahya Ghassoun
- Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 81, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Afshin Dovlatabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimnejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Marc-Oliver Löwner
- Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 81, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Ali MU, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ullah H, Abbas Q, Munir MAM. A systematic review on global pollution status of particulate matter-associated potential toxic elements and health perspectives in urban environment. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1131-1162. [PMID: 30298288 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) that is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with a variety of chemical components and physical features acts as a potential risk to human health. The ability to pose health risk depends upon the size, concentration and chemical composition of the suspended particles. Potential toxic elements (PTEs) associated with PM have multiple sources of origin, and each source has the ability to generate multiple particulate PTEs. In urban areas, automobile, industrial emissions, construction and demolition activities are the major anthropogenic sources of pollution. Fine particles associated with PTEs have the ability to penetrate deep into respiratory system resulting in an increasing range of adverse health effects, at ever-lower concentrations. In-depth investigation of PTEs content and mode of occurrence in PM is important from both environmental and pathological point of view. Considering this air pollution risk, several studies had addressed the issues related to these pollutants in road and street dust, indicating high pollution level than the air quality guidelines. Observed from the literature, particulate PTEs pollution can lead to respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular problems, lungs cancer, reduced lungs function, asthma and severe case mortality. Due to the important role of PM and associated PTEs, detailed knowledge of their impacts on human health is of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mehr Ahmad Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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17
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Qarri F, Lazo P, Allajbeu S, Bekteshi L, Kane S, Stafilov T. The Evaluation of Air Quality in Albania by Moss Biomonitoring and Metals Atmospheric Deposition. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 76:554-571. [PMID: 30805682 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The air quality of Albania is evaluated by trace metals atmospheric deposition using moss biomonitoring method. Bryophyte moss (Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.) samples were collected during August and September 2015 from 55 sampling points distributed over the entire territory of Albania. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in moss samples was determined by ICP-AES, ETAAS (As and Cd), and CVAAS (Hg) analysis. Spatial distribution and temporal trend of the moss elements is discussed in this study. Different variability was found in moss metal concentrations that may reflect their spatial distribution patterns and may identify the location of the areas with high contamination of each element. Compared with the measurements of moss collected in 2010, significant differences were found in the concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The differences between two moss surveys may reflect changes in the bioavailability of the elements resulting from wet and dry deposition respectively during 2015 and 2010 moss biomonitoring survey. The pollution loading index that was applied to judge the content of metal contamination indicated moderate pollution throughout Albania. Examination of the potential ecological risk found that As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb pose the highest potential ecological risks particularly in the areas with high metal contents. Factor analysis applied to investigate the probable sources of metals in the environment suggested that Al and Fe likely originated from natural sources. As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr likely originated from anthropogenic sources associated with long-range transport, transboundary pollution and local emission sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Shaniko Allajbeu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania
| | - Lirim Bekteshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Trajce Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
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19
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Ying Q, Feng M, Song D, Wu L, Hu J, Zhang H, Kleeman MJ, Li X. Improve regional distribution and source apportionment of PM 2.5 trace elements in China using inventory-observation constrained emission factors. Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:355-365. [PMID: 29258036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contributions to 15 trace elements in airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <2.5μm (PM2.5) in China from five major source sectors (industrial sources, residential sources, transportation, power generation and windblown dust) were determined using a source-oriented Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Using emission factors in the composite speciation profiles from US EPA's SPECIATE database for the five sources leads to relatively poor model performance at an urban site in Beijing. Improved predictions of the trace elements are obtained by using adjusted emission factors derived from a robust multilinear regression of the CMAQ predicted primary source contributions and observation at the urban site. Good correlations between predictions and observations are obtained for most elements studied with R>0.5, except for crustal elements Al, Si and Ca, particularly in spring. Predicted annual and seasonal average concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn and Pb in Nanjing and Chengdu are also consistently improved using the adjusted emission factors. Annual average concentration of Fe is as high as 2.0μgm-3 with large contributions from power generation and transportation. Annual average concentration of Pb reaches 300-500ngm-3 in vast areas, mainly from residential activities, transportation and power generation. The impact of high concentrations of Fe on secondary sulfate formation and Pb on human health should be evaluated carefully in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China; Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Miao Feng
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fanglin Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Moziqiao, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Danlin Song
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fanglin Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Li Wu
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xinghua Li
- School of Space & Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abstract
Water vapor in expired air, as well as dispersed non-volatile components, condense onto a cooler surface after exiting the respiratory tract. This exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provides a dilute sampling of the epithelial lining fluid. Accordingly, the collection of EBC imparts a capacity to provide biomarkers of injury preceding clinical disease. Concentrations of transition and post-transition metals in EBC are included among these endpoints. Iron and zinc are the metals with the highest concentration and are measurable in all EBC samples from healthy subjects; other metals are most frequently either at or below the level of detection in this group. Gender, age, and smoking can impact EBC metal concentrations in healthy subjects. EBC metal concentrations among patients diagnosed with particular lung diseases (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive disease, and interstitial lung disease) have been of research interest but no definite pattern of involvement has been delineated. Studies of occupationally exposed workers confirm significant exposure to specific metals, but such EBC metal measurements frequently provide evidence redundant with environmental sampling. Measurements of metal concentrations in EBC remain a research tool into metal homeostasis in the respiratory tract and participation of metals in disease pathogenesis. The quantification of metal concentrations in EBC is currently not reliable for clinical use in either supporting or determining any diagnosis. Issues that must be addressed prior to the use of EBC metal measurements include the establishment of both standardized collection and measurement techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill NC, United States of America
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21
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Espitia-Pérez L, da Silva J, Espitia-Pérez P, Brango H, Salcedo-Arteaga S, Hoyos-Giraldo LS, de Souza CT, Dias JF, Agudelo-Castañeda D, Valdés Toscano A, Gómez-Pérez M, Henriques JAP. Cytogenetic instability in populations with residential proximity to open-pit coal mine in Northern Colombia in relation to PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 148:453-466. [PMID: 29102906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that living in proximity to coal mines is correlated with numerous diseases including cancer, and that exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 components could be associated with this phenomenon. However, the understanding of the mechanisms by which PM exerts its adverse effects is still incomplete and comes mainly from studies in occupationally exposed populations. The aims of this study were to: (1) evaluate DNA damage in lymphocytes assessing the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN-cyt) parameters; (2) identify aneugenic or clastogenic effects in lymphocytes of exposed populations using CREST immunostaining for micronuclei; (3) evaluate multi-elemental composition of atmospheric particulate matter; and (4) verify relation between the DNA damage and PM2.5 and PM10 levels around the mining area. Analysis revealed a significant increase in micronuclei frequency in binucleated (MNBN) and mononucleated (MNMONO) cells of individuals with residential proximity to open-pit coal mines compared to residents from non-mining areas. Correlation analysis demonstrated a highly significant association between PM2.5 levels, MNBN frequencies and CREST+ micronuclei induction in exposed residents. These results suggest that PM2.5 fraction generated in coal mining activities may induce whole chromosome loss (aneuploidy) preferentially, although there are also chromosome breaks. Analysis of the chemical composition of PM2.5 by PIXE demonstrated that Si, S, K and Cr concentrations varied significantly between coal mining and reference areas. Enrichment factor values (EF) showed that S, Cr and Cu were highly enriched in the coal mining areas. Compared to reference area, mining regions had also higher concentrations of extractable organic matter (EOM) related to nonpolar and polar compounds. Our results demonstrate that PM2.5 fraction represents the most important health risk for residents living near open-pit mines, underscoring the need for incorporation of ambient air standards based on PM2.5 measures in coal mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas - Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia; Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Hugo Brango
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirley Salcedo-Arteaga
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Hoyos-Giraldo
- Department of Biology, Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, Colombia
| | - Claudia T de Souza
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Química - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dayana Agudelo-Castañeda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ana Valdés Toscano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Miguel Gómez-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - João A P Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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Elmes M, Gasparon M. Sampling and single particle analysis for the chemical characterisation of fine atmospheric particulates: A review. J Environ Manage 2017; 202:137-150. [PMID: 28732276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the potential environmental and human health impacts of fine airborne particulate matter (APM), detailed physical and chemical characterisation is required. The only means to accurately distinguish between the multiple compositions in APM is by single particle analysis. A variety of methods and instruments are available, which range from filter-based sample collection for off-line laboratory analysis to on-line instruments that detect the airborne particles and generate size distribution and chemical data in real time. There are many reasons for sampling particulates in the ambient atmosphere and as a consequence, different measurement strategies and sampling devices are used depending on the scientific objectives and subsequent analytical techniques. This review is designed as a guide to some of the techniques available for the sampling and subsequent chemical analysis of individual inorganic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Elmes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Massimo Gasparon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia; National Institute of Science and Technology on Mineral Resources, Water and Biodiversity (INCT-Acqua), Brazil.
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23
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Filippini T, Michalke B, Grill P, Malagoli C, Malavolti M, Vescovi L, Sieri S, Krogh V, Cherubini A, Maffeis G, Lucchini R, Ferrante M, Vinceti M. Determinants of serum manganese levels in an Italian population. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3340-3349. [PMID: 28339021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is both essential and toxic for humans, mainly depending on the total levels and its species. Main sources of exposure include food and air pollution, particularly motorized traffic. We sought to determine the potential influence of these sources on serum total levels of Mn and Mn species. We selected a random sample of municipality residents from an Italian urban municipality, from whom we collected detailed personal information, dietary habits and a blood sample for serum Mn determination. We also assessed outdoor air Mn exposure, by modeling levels of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) from motorized traffic at the residence of geocoded subjects. Serum Mn species generally showed higher levels in males and positive correlation with age, while no such differences were found according to smoking habits or use of dietary supplements. Among nutrients, only iron intake showed a relation with Mn [an inverse correlation with Mn‑ferritin (Mn‑Fer) and a direct one with inorganic‑Mn (Inorg‑Mn)]. Meat consumption directly correlated and fish and seafood inversely correlated with total Mn, Mn‑transferrin (Mn‑Tf) and Mn-citrate (Mn-Cit). Fruits and vegetables, including legumes and nuts, generally showed a positive correlation with all Mn species, especially Mn‑Cit, and an inverse one with Inorg‑Mn. Odds ratios (ORs) of having serum Mn levels above median value increased with increasing PM10 tertiles, with an OR for highest‑to‑lowest tertile of 7.40 (1.36‑40.25) in multivariate analysis. Analyses for Mn species did not highlight a clear comparable pattern. In conclusion, our results seem to demonstrate that PM10 exposure positively influences total Mn serum levels, while single Mn species show conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D‑85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Grill
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D‑85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luciano Vescovi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, IREN, I-42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori I‑20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori I‑20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Lucchini
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, I‑25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
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24
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Wang D, Sowlat MH, Shafer MM, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Development and evaluation of a novel monitor for online measurement of iron, manganese, and chromium in ambient particulate matter (PM). Sci Total Environ 2016; 565:123-131. [PMID: 27161133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A prototype atmospheric aerosol monitor was developed for online measurement of three toxicologically relevant redox-active metals (Fe, Mn, and Cr) in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The monitor has the unique ability to quantify these metals in specific chemical oxidation states in addition to both their total and water-soluble fractions in the ambient PM2.5. This information is critical for advancing our understanding of mechanisms of PM-induced toxicity as well as chemical processing of aerosol in the atmosphere. The metal monitor utilizes a high flow rate aerosol-into-liquid collector to collect ambient PM2.5 directly as concentrated aqueous slurry samples. The concentrations of target metals in the collected slurries are subsequently measured in a aerosol-into-liquid collector, micro volume flow cell (MVFC) using spectrophotometry to quantify the light absorption of colored complexes resulting from the reaction between the target metals and added analytical reagents. Our experimental evaluation indicated that, overall, this novel monitor can achieve accurate and reliable measurements over long sampling periods (i.e. at least several weeks). The online measurements for all three target elements were in good agreement (i.e., with slopes of the linear regression lines ranging between 0.90 and 1.07, and R(2) values between 0.76 and 0.95) with time-integrated filter samples collected in parallel and analyzed by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS). Moreover, this metal monitor can provide semi-continuous measurements (i.e., every 2h) for at least 5 consecutive days without obvious shortcomings in its field operation. The online monitor measured total concentrations of Fe that ranged between 4.8 and 65.6ng/m(3), for Mn from below detection limit to 10.0ng/m(3), and for Cr from below detection limit to 6.6ng/m(3), respectively. Our results indicate that the developed metal monitor is a promising technology for online measurement and chemical speciation of important redox-active metals in ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad H Sowlat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin M Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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25
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Premović PI. Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary Clays from Spain and New Zealand: Arsenic Anomaly and the Deccan Traps. ILNS 2016. [DOI: 10.56431/p-zqqiro] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High arsenic (As) contents have been reported in numerous Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (KPB) clays worldwide including that from Spain (at Caravaca and Agost) and N. Zealand (at Woodside Creek). The Deccan Traps (India) enormous volcanism is one of the interpretations which have been offered to explain this anomaly. This report shows that the estimated surface densities of As in the boundary clays in Spain and New Zealand strongly contradict that anomalous As was sourced by this volcanic event.
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26
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Premović PI. Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary Clays from Spain and New Zealand: Arsenic Anomaly and the Deccan Traps. ILNS 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High arsenic (As) contents have been reported in numerous Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (KPB) clays worldwide including that from Spain (at Caravaca and Agost) and N. Zealand (at Woodside Creek). The Deccan Traps (India) enormous volcanism is one of the interpretations which have been offered to explain this anomaly. This report shows that the estimated surface densities of As in the boundary clays in Spain and New Zealand strongly contradict that anomalous As was sourced by this volcanic event.
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27
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Ferraro S, Astort F, Yakisich J, Tasat D. Particulate matter cytotoxicity in cultured SH-SY5Y cells is modulated by simvastatin: Toxicological assessment for oxidative damage. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:108-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Joimel S, Cortet J, Jolivet CC, Saby NPA, Chenot ED, Branchu P, Consalès JN, Lefort C, Morel JL, Schwartz C. Physico-chemical characteristics of topsoil for contrasted forest, agricultural, urban and industrial land uses in France. Sci Total Environ 2016; 545-546:40-7. [PMID: 26745291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil quality is related to soil characteristics such as fertility and contamination. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of land use on these soil characteristics and to confirm the following anthropisation gradient: (i) forest, (ii) grassland, (iii) cultivated, (iv) orchard and vineyard, (v) urban vegetable garden, and (vi) SUITMA (urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas). A database comprising the characteristics of 2451 soils has been constituted. In order to compare the topsoils from six contrasting land uses, a principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on nine geochemical variables (C, N, pH, POlsen, total Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). The first axis of the PCA is interpreted as a global increase of topsoil metallic elements along the anthropisation gradient. Axis 2 reflects the variability of fertility levels. Human activity increases the pressure on soils along the proposed gradient according to six different distribution patterns. This better knowledge of topsoil quality and its dependence on current land use should therefore help to manage and preserve the soil mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joimel
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J Cortet
- UMR CEFE 5175, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, F-34199 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - C C Jolivet
- INRA, US 1106 Infosol, F-45075 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - N P A Saby
- INRA, US 1106 Infosol, F-45075 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - E D Chenot
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P Branchu
- Cerema Unité Qualité des Eaux et des Sols, Direction territoriale Ile de France, F-78190 Trappes, France
| | - J N Consalès
- Université Aix-Marseille, UMR 7303, TELEMME, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - C Lefort
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J L Morel
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - C Schwartz
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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29
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Shanley JB, Engle MA, Scholl M, Krabbenhoft DP, Brunette R, Olson ML, Conroy ME. High Mercury Wet Deposition at a "Clean Air" Site in Puerto Rico. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:12474-12482. [PMID: 26368125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric mercury deposition measurements are rare in tropical latitudes. Here we report on seven years (April 2005 to April 2012, with gaps) of wet Hg deposition measurements at a tropical wet forest in the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, U.S. Despite receiving unpolluted air off the Atlantic Ocean from northeasterly trade winds, during two complete years the site averaged 27.9 μg m(-2) yr(-1) wet Hg deposition, or about 30% more than Florida and the Gulf Coast, the highest deposition areas within the U.S. These high Hg deposition rates are driven in part by high rainfall, which averaged 2855 mm yr(-1). The volume-weighted mean Hg concentration was 9.8 ng L(-1), and was highest during summer and lowest during the winter dry season. Rainout of Hg (decreasing concentration with increasing rainfall depth) was minimal. The high Hg deposition was not supported by gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) at ground level, which remained near global background concentrations (<10 pg m(-3)). Rather, a strong positive correlation between Hg concentrations and the maximum height of rain detected within clouds (echo tops) suggests that droplets in high convective cloud tops scavenge GOM from above the mixing layer. The high wet Hg deposition at this "clean air" site suggests that other tropical areas may be hotspots for Hg deposition as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Shanley
- U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 628, Montpelier, Vermont 05601, United States
| | - Mark A Engle
- U.S. Geological Survey, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Martha Scholl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | | | - Robert Brunette
- Eurofins Frontier Global Sciences Inc., Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
| | - Mark L Olson
- University of Illinois , Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Mary E Conroy
- University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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30
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Tziaras T, Pergantis SA, Stephanou EG. Investigating the Occurrence and Environmental Significance of Methylated Arsenic Species in Atmospheric Particles by Overcoming Analytical Method Limitations. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:11640-8. [PMID: 26335501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel analytical method has been developed for the determination of all five arsenic species known to exist in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), i.e., the inorganic arsenite iAs(III) and arsenate iAs(V), and the methylated methylarsonate (MA), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO). Although the methylated species were first detected in PM in the late 1970s, most of the recent studies focus mainly on the two inorganic As species, ignoring TMAO in particular. In the present study, an HPLC (with an anion and cation exchange column connected in series)-arsine generation-ICP-MS system provided complete separation of all five As species and limits of detection from 10 to 25 pg As mL(-1). This method was applied to analyze water extracts of the inhalable fraction of atmospheric PM (PM10, PM2.5 and PM2.1). 81 samples were collected, most during Saharan dust events, from a semirural area, and analyzed. The total water extractable arsenic ranged from 0.03 to 0.7 ng of As m(-3), values that are representative for remote areas. iAs(V) was the most abundant species followed by TMAO, DMA, iAs(III) and MA. None of the As species showed any particular trend with the presence or intensity of dust events, or seasonality, except for TMAO, which showed higher concentrations during the colder months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thrasyvoulos Tziaras
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus , Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Spiros A Pergantis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus , Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Euripides G Stephanou
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus , Heraklion 71003, Greece
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31
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Delfosse VC, Tasat DR, Gioffré AK. In vivo short-term exposure to residual oil fly ash impairs pulmonary innate immune response against environmental mycobacterium infection. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:589-596. [PMID: 25915594 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that pollution derived from industrial and vehicular transportation induces adverse health effects causing broad ambient respiratory diseases. Therefore, air pollution should be taken into account when microbial diseases are evaluated. Environmental mycobacteria (EM) are opportunist pathogens that can affect a variety of immune compromised patients, which impacts significantly on human morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) pre-exposure on the pulmonary response after challenge with opportunistic mycobacteria by means of an acute short-term in vivo experimental animal model. We exposed BALB/c mice to ROFA and observed a significant reduction on bacterial clearance at 24 h post infection. To study the basis of this impaired response four groups of animals were instilled with (a) saline solution (Control), (b) ROFA (1 mg kg(-1) BW), (c) ROFA and EM-infected (Mycobacterium phlei, 8 × 10(6) CFU), and (d) EM-infected. Animals were sacrificed 24 h postinfection and biomarkers of lung injury and proinflammatory madiators were examined in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Our results indicate that ROFA was able to produce an acute pulmonary injury characterized by an increase in bronchoalveolar polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells influx and a rise in O2 (-) generation. Exposure to ROFA before M. phlei infection reduced total cell number and caused a significant decline in PMN cells recruitment (p < 0.05), O2 (-) generation, TNFα (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels. Hence, our results suggest that, in this animal model, the acute short-term pre-exposure to ROFA reduces early lung response to EM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica C Delfosse
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Center of Studies in Health and Environment, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, San Martín, 1653, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biotechnology Institute, CICVyA-INTA, N. Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, B1712 WAA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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32
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Erickson AC, Arbour L. The shared pathoetiological effects of particulate air pollution and the social environment on fetal-placental development. J Environ Public Health 2014; 2014:901017. [PMID: 25574176 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate air pollution and socioeconomic risk factors are shown to be independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, their confounding relationship is an epidemiological challenge that requires understanding of their shared etiologic pathways affecting fetal-placental development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the etiological mechanisms associated with exposure to particulate air pollution in contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and how these mechanisms intersect with those related to socioeconomic status. Here we review the role of oxidative stress, inflammation and endocrine modification in the pathoetiology of deficient deep placentation and detail how the physical and social environments can act alone and collectively to mediate the established pathology linked to a spectrum of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We review the experimental and epidemiological literature showing that diet/nutrition, smoking, and psychosocial stress share similar pathways with that of particulate air pollution exposure to potentially exasperate the negative effects of either insult alone. Therefore, socially patterned risk factors often treated as nuisance parameters should be explored as potential effect modifiers that may operate at multiple levels of social geography. The degree to which deleterious exposures can be ameliorated or exacerbated via community-level social and environmental characteristics needs further exploration.
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Carvalho GMC, Nagato LKDS, Fagundes SDS, Dos Santos FB, Calheiros AS, Malm O, Bozza PT, Saldiva PHN, Faffe DS, Rocco PRM, Zin WA. Time course of pulmonary burden in mice exposed to residual oil fly ash. Front Physiol 2014; 5:366. [PMID: 25309454 PMCID: PMC4174882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a common pollutant in areas where oil is burned. This particulate matter (PM) with a broad distribution of particle diameters can be inhaled by human beings and putatively damage their respiratory system. Although some studies deal with cultured cells, animals, and even epidemiological issues, so far a comprehensive analysis of respiratory outcomes as a function of the time elapsed after exposure to a low dose of ROFA is wanted. Thus, we aimed to investigate the time course of mechanical, histological, and inflammatory lung changes, as well as neutrophils in the blood, in mice exposed to ROFA until 5 days after exposure. BALB/c mice (25 ± 5 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups and intranasally instilled with either 10 μL of sterile saline solution (0.9% NaCl, CTRL) or ROFA (0.2 μg in 10 μL of saline solution). Pulmonary mechanics, histology (normal and collapsed alveoli, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, and ultrastructure), neutrophils (in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) were determined at 6 h in CTRL and at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after ROFA exposure. ROFA contained metal elements, especially iron, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organochlorines. Lung resistive pressure augmented early (6 h) in the course of lung injury and other mechanical, histological and inflammatory parameters increased at 24 h, returning to control values at 120 h. Blood neutrophilia was present only at 24 and 48 h after exposure. Swelling of endothelial cells with adherent neutrophils was detected after ROFA instillation. No neutrophils were present in the lavage fluid. In conclusion, the exposure to ROFA, even in low doses, induced early changes in pulmonary mechanics, lung histology and accumulation of neutrophils in blood of mice that lasted for 4 days and disappeared spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Katiê da Silva Nagato
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sheila da Silva Fagundes
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Brandão Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Surrage Calheiros
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacodynamics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Torres Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacodynamics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário N Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Souza Faffe
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Metabolism Firmino Torres de Castro, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Beamer PI, Sugeng AJ, Kelly MD, Lothrop N, Klimecki W, Wilkinson ST, Loh M. Use of dust fall filters as passive samplers for metal concentrations in air for communities near contaminated mine tailings. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:1275-81. [PMID: 24469149 PMCID: PMC4038653 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mine tailings are a source of metal exposures in many rural communities. Multiple air samples are necessary to assess the extent of exposures and factors contributing to these exposures. However, air sampling equipment is costly and requires trained personnel to obtain measurements, limiting the number of samples that can be collected. Simple, low-cost methods are needed to allow for increased sample collection. The objective of our study was to assess if dust fall filters can serve as passive air samplers and be used to characterize potential exposures in a community near contaminated mine tailings. We placed filters in cylinders, concurrently with active indoor air samplers, in 10 occupied homes. We calculated an estimated flow rate by dividing the mass on each dust fall filter by the bulk air concentration and the sampling duration. The mean estimated flow rate for dust fall filters was significantly different during sampling periods with precipitation. The estimated flow rate was used to estimate metal concentration in the air of these homes, as well as in 31 additional homes in another rural community impacted by contaminated mine tailings. The estimated air concentrations had a significant linear association with the measured air concentrations for beryllium, manganese and arsenic (p < 0.05), whose primary source in indoor air is resuspended soil from outdoors. In the second rural community, our estimated metal concentrations in air were comparable to active air sampling measurements taken previously. This passive air sampler is a simple low-cost method to assess potential exposures near contaminated mining sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Beamer
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave., PO Box 245210, Tucson, USA.
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Ortega R, Bresson C, Darolles C, Gautier C, Roudeau S, Perrin L, Janin M, Floriani M, Aloin V, Carmona A, Malard V. Low-solubility particles and a Trojan-horse type mechanism of toxicity: the case of cobalt oxide on human lung cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:14. [PMID: 24669904 PMCID: PMC3994290 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of toxicity of metal oxide particles towards lung cells are far from being understood. In particular, the relative contribution of intracellular particulate versus solubilized fractions is rarely considered as it is very challenging to assess, especially for low-solubility particles such as cobalt oxide (Co3O4). Methods This study was possible owing to two highly sensitive, independent, analytical techniques, based on single-cell analysis, using ion beam microanalysis, and on bulk analysis of cell lysates, using mass spectrometry. Results Our study shows that cobalt oxide particles, of very low solubility in the culture medium, are readily incorporated by BEAS-2B human lung cells through endocytosis via the clathrin-dependent pathway. They are partially solubilized at low pH within lysosomes, leading to cobalt ions release. Solubilized cobalt was detected within the cytoplasm and the nucleus. As expected from these low-solubility particles, the intracellular solubilized cobalt content is small compared with the intracellular particulate cobalt content, in the parts-per-thousand range or below. However, we were able to demonstrate that this minute fraction of intracellular solubilized cobalt is responsible for the overall toxicity. Conclusions Cobalt oxide particles are readily internalized by pulmonary cells via the endo-lysosomal pathway and can lead, through a Trojan-horse mechanism, to intracellular release of toxic metal ions over long periods of time, involving specific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ortega
- Univ, Bordeaux, CENBG, UMR 5797, Gradignan F-33170, France.
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Marchini T, Magnani N, Paz M, Vanasco V, Tasat D, González Maglio D, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Time course of systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by an acute exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ash. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:274-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brant KA, Fabisiak JP. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit and cAMP-response element binding protein 1 in synergistic release of interleukin 8 by prostaglandin E2 and nickel in lung fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:105-13. [PMID: 23526216 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0297oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have linked exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with acute respiratory infection and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that soluble nickel (Ni), a common component of PM, alters the release of CXC chemokines from cultured human lung fibroblasts (HLF) in response to microbial stimuli via a pathway dependent on disrupted prostaglandin (PG)E2 signaling. The current study sought to identify the molecular events underlying Ni-induced alterations in PGE2 signaling and its effects on IL-8 production. PGE2 synergistically enhances Ni-induced IL-8 release from HLF in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of PGE2 were mimicked by butaprost and PGE1-alcohol and inhibited with antagonists AH6809 and L-161,982, indicating PGE2 signals via PGE2 receptors 2 and 4. PGE2 and forskolin stimulated cAMP, but it was only in the presence of Ni-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit (HIF1A) that these agents stimulated IL-8 release. The Ni-induced HIF1A DNA binding was enhanced by PGE2 and mediated, in part, by activation of p38 MAPK. Negation of cAMP-response element binding protein 1 or HIF1A using short interfering RNA blocked the synergistic interactions between Ni and PGE2. The results of the current study provide novel information on the ability of atmospheric hypoxia-mimetic metals to disrupt the release of immune-modulating chemokines by HLF in response to PGE2. Moreover, in the presence of HIF1A, cAMP-mediated signaling pathways may be altered to exacerbate inflammatory-like processes in lung tissue, imparting a susceptibility of PM-exposed populations to adverse respiratory health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Brant
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Kim KW. Characterization of size-resolved aerosol components using proton induced X-ray emission, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and ion chromatography. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Marchini T, Magnani N, D'Annunzio V, Tasat D, Gelpi RJ, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and contractile reserve following an acute exposure to environmental particulate matter. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013. [PMID: 23201196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that mitochondrial function plays a central role in cardiovascular diseases associated with particulate matter inhalation. The aim of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis, with focus on cardiac O2 and energetic metabolism, and its impact over cardiac contractility. METHODS Swiss mice were intranasally instilled with either residual oil fly ash (ROFA) (1.0 mg/kg body weight) or saline solution. After 1, 3 or 5 h of exposure, O2 consumption was evaluated in heart tissue samples. Mitochondrial respiration, respiratory chain complexes activity, membrane potential and ATP content and production rate were assessed in isolated mitochondria. Cardiac contractile reserve was evaluated according to the Langendorff technique. RESULTS Three hours after ROFA exposure, tissue O2 consumption was significantly decreased by 35% (from 1180 +/- 70 to 760 +/- 60 ng-at O/min g tissue), as well as mitochondrial rest (state 4) and active (state 3) respiration, by 30 and 24%, respectively (control state 4: 88 +/- 5 ng-at O/min mg protein; state 3: 240 +/- 20 ng-at O/min mg protein). These findings were associated with decreased complex II activity, mitochondrial depolarization and deficient ATP production. Even though basal contractility was not modified (control: 75 +/- 5 mm Hg), isolated perfused hearts failed to properly respond to isoproterenol in ROFA-exposed mice. Tissue O2 consumption rates positively correlated with cardiac contractile state in controls (r2 = 0.8271), but not in treated mice (r2 = 0.1396). GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present results show an impaired mitochondrial function associated with deficient cardiac contractility, which could represent an early cardiovascular alteration after the exposure to environmental particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marchini
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 954 (C1113AAB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zahran S, Laidlaw MAS, McElmurry SP, Filippelli GM, Taylor M. Linking source and effect: resuspended soil lead, air lead, and children's blood lead levels in Detroit, Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:2839-45. [PMID: 23428083 DOI: 10.1021/es303854c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates atmospheric concentrations of soil and Pb aerosols, and blood lead levels (BLLs) in 367839 children (ages 0-10) in Detroit, Michigan from 2001 to 2009 to test a hypothesized soil → air dust → child pathway of contemporary Pb risk. Atmospheric soil and Pb show near-identical seasonal properties that match seasonal variation in children's BLLs. Resuspended soil appears to be a significant underlying source of atmospheric Pb. A 1% increase in the amount of resuspended soil results in a 0.39% increase in the concentration of Pb in the atmosphere (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.50%). In turn, atmospheric Pb significantly explains age-dependent variation in child BLLs. Other things held equal, a change of 0.0069 μg/m(3) in atmospheric Pb increases BLL of a child 1 year of age by 10%, while approximately 3 times the concentration of Pb in air (0.023 μg/m(3)) is required to induce the same increase in BLL of a child 7 years of age. Similarly, a 0.0069 μg/m(3) change in air Pb increases the odds of a child <1 year of age having a BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL by a multiplicative factor of 1.32 (95% CI, 1.26 to 1.37). Overall, the resuspension of Pb contaminated soil explains observed seasonal variation in child BLLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Zahran
- Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Delfosse VC, Gioffré AK, Tasat DR. Low levels of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) impair innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria infection in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:1001-6. [PMID: 22548959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that pollution derived from industrial and vehicular transportation provokes adverse health effects causing broad spectrum of ambient respiratory diseases. Therefore, air pollution should be taken into account when microbial diseases are evaluated. Environmental mycobacteria (EM) are opportunist pathogens in a variety of immunocompromised patients eliciting significant impact on human morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) on the alveolar macrophages (AMs) response to opportunistic bacteria. AMs from young Wistar rats were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and co-cultured with Mycobacterium phlei (MOI 10). We exposed AM cultures to ROFA to characterize the effect of low ROFA concentrations (0, 2.5, and 5μg/ml) and evaluated the response of pre-exposed AM against the bacilli. Low ROFA concentrations induced superoxide anion and nitrites production (p<0.001). Pre-exposure to ROFA (2.5 and 5μg/ml) caused a significant reduction on TNFα (p<0.001) and superoxide anion (p<0.001) production but, did not modify the nitrite production when AM were co-cultured with M. phlei. In addition, ROFA significantly diminished AM killing ability in culture (p<0.001). Hence, our results indicate that pre-exposure to low levels of ROFA modifies the innate pulmonary defence mechanisms against environmental mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica C Delfosse
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Center of Studies in Health and Environment, Martin de Irigoyen 3100, San Martín 1653, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
Iron is required for many vital functions including oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Protective mechanisms maintain optimal iron concentration involving dynamic regulation of the transporters and iron storage proteins. In addition to these systemic regulatory mechanisms, the unique lung environment must provide detoxification from metal-induced oxidative stress and pathogenic infections. This review focuses on the unique role of iron metabolism in lung injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghan Kim
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Oucher N, Kerbachi R. Evaluation of Air Pollution by Aerosol Particles Due to Road Traffic: A Case Study from Algeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 33:415-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ferri R, Donna F, Smith DR, Guazzetti S, Zacco A, Rizzo L, Bontempi E, Zimmerman NJ, Lucchini RG. Heavy Metals in Soil and Salad in the Proximity of Historical Ferroalloy Emission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:374-385. [PMID: 27818841 DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.35047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) from ferro-alloy operations has taken place in Valcamonica, a pre-Alp valley in the province of Brescia, Italy, for about a century until 2001. Metal concentrations were measured in the soil of local home gardens and in the cultivated vegetables. Soil analysis was carried out using a portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer in both surface soil and at 10 cm depth. A subset of soil samples (n = 23) additionally was analysed using the modified BCR sequential extraction method and ICP-OES for intercalibration with XRF (XRF Mn = 1.33 * total OES Mn - 71.8; R = 0.830, p < 0.0001). Samples of salads (Lactuca sativa and Chichorium spp.) were analyzed with a Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) technique. Vegetable and soil metal measurements were performed in 59 home gardens of Valcamonica, and compared with 23 gardens from the Garda Lake reference area. Results indicate significantly higher levels of soil Mn (median 986 ppm vs 416 ppm), Pb (median 46.1 ppm vs 30.2 ppm), Fe (median 19,800 ppm vs 13,100 ppm) in the Valcamonica compared to the reference area. Surface soil levels of all metals were significantly higher in surface soil compared to deeper soil, consistent with atmospheric deposition. Significantly higher levels of metals were shown also in lettuce from Valcamonica for Mn (median 53.6 ppm vs 30.2) and Fe (median 153 vs 118). Metals in Chichorium spp. did not differ between the two areas. Surface soil metal levels declined with increasing distance from the closest ferroalloy plant, consistent with plant emissions as the source of elevated soil metal levels. A correlation between Mn concentrations in soil and lettuce was also observed. These data show that historic ferroalloy plant activity, which ended nearly a decade before this study, has contributed to the persistence of increased Mn levels in locally grown vegetables. Further research is needed to assess whether this increase can lead to adverse effects in humans and plants especially for Mn, an essential element that can be toxic in humans when exceeding the homeostatic ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ferri
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Donna
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | | | - Annalisa Zacco
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Neil J Zimmerman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Frazier MD, Mamo LB, Ghio AJ, Turi JL. Hepcidin expression in human airway epithelial cells is regulated by interferon-γ. Respir Res 2011; 12:100. [PMID: 21810240 PMCID: PMC3160958 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin serves as a major regulator of systemic iron metabolism and immune function. Airway epithelial cells have an extensive interface with the environment, and so must be able to respond locally to the presence of particulates, infection, and inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that hepcidin is expressed in airway epithelial cells and is regulated by early phase cytokines. METHODS Primary, differentiated human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were used to assess hepcidin gene expression in response to IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as to LPS + CD14. The role of the Janus Kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in IFN-γ-mediated hepcidin production was assessed by measuring JAK2 phophorylation and STAT1 nuclear translocation. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to determine whether hepcidin altered iron transport in either NHBE cells or primary alveolar macrophages. RESULTS We demonstrate that differentiated human airway epithelial cells express hepcidin mRNA and that its expression is augmented in response to IFN-γ via activation of STAT1. However, while IFN-γ induced hepcidin gene expression, we were not able to demonstrate diminished expression of the iron export protein, ferroportin (Fpn), at the cell surface, or iron accumulation in airway epithelial in the presence of exogenous hepcidin. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that airway epithelial cells express hepcidin in the lung in response to IFN-γ. The presence of hepcidin in the airway does not appear to alter cellular iron transport, but may serve as a protective factor via its direct antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D Frazier
- Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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Alwahaibi NY, Algharibi JS, Alshukaili AS, Alshukaili AK. Tissue carcinoembryonic antigen, calcium, copper and iron levels in cancerous lung patients. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2011; 14:28-32. [PMID: 21219828 PMCID: PMC5999696 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective The expression of various trace elements and markers in lung cancer is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in cancerous untreated lung tissues and to determine a possible association between these markers and lung cancer. Methods Fourty-eight cancerous lung tissue blocks, from Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultanate of Oman, were studied. Fe, Ca, Cu, and CEA were demonstrated in the tissue blocks using Perl's Prussian blue, Von Kossa's, modified rhodanine and immunohistochemical staining methods, respectively. Results Twenty-three of 48 specimens showed positive Fe staining, 2 showed positive Ca staining and Cu was absent in all specimens. 93.7% expressed CEA in varying degree of positivity. 81.25% of these sections showed high expression of CEA. Conclusion Tissue concentrations of trace elements were not elevated in lung cancer and therefore cannot be considered as a potential marker. Despite the low sensitivity and specificity of CEA as previously reported, tissue CEA should be considered as a potential marker in the evaluation of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Yousuf Alwahaibi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
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Marchwinska-Wyrwal E, Dziubanek G, Skrzypek M, Hajok I. Study of the health effects of long-term exposure to cadmium and lead in a region of Poland. Int J Environ Health Res 2010; 20:81-86. [PMID: 20162485 DOI: 10.1080/09603120903394656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A region in Poland with a high concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was used as a case study to look for the potential health consequences of chronic cadmium and lead exposure. The analysis of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms mortality were carried out and the mortality using SDR (standardized death rate) were compared with Cd and Pb pollution in each of 13 cities. To estimate the association between health effect and the pollutant concentration, the linear regression method was used. On the basis of calculated regression, the magnitude of changes in the health state has been estimated assuming that the ambient air pollution decrease is 10%. The reduction of the concentrations of both heavy metals in the air will lower SDR, by 24.4 and 31.6 people for cadmium and lead, respectively.
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Yang F, Stonehuerner JG, Richards JH, Nguyen NB, Callaghan KD, Haile DJ, Ghio AJ. Deficiency in the divalent metal transporter 1 increases bleomycin-induced lung injury. Biometals 2010; 23:657-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ghio AJ. Disruption of iron homeostasis and lung disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:731-9. [PMID: 19100311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a result of a direct exchange with the external environment, the lungs are exposed to both iron and agents with a capacity to disrupt the homeostasis of this metal (e.g. particles). An increased availability of catalytically reactive iron can result from these exposures and, by generating an oxidative stress, this metal can contribute to tissue injury. By importing this Fe(3+) into cells for storage in a chemically less reactive form, the lower respiratory tract demonstrates an ability to mitigate both the oxidative stress presented by iron and its potential for tissue injury. This means that detoxification is accomplished by chemical reduction to Fe(2+) (e.g. by duodenal cytochrome b and other ferrireductases), iron import (e.g. by divalent metal transporter 1 and other transporters), and storage in ferritin. The metal can subsequently be exported from the cell (e.g. by ferroportin 1) in a less reactive state relative to that initially imported. Iron is then transported out of the lung via the mucociliary pathway or blood and lymphatic pathways to the reticuloendothelial system for long term storage. This coordinated handling of iron in the lung appears to be disrupted in several acute diseases on the lung including infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and ischemia-reperfusion. Exposures to bleomycin, dusts and fibers, and paraquat similarly alter iron homeostasis in the lung to affect an oxidative stress. Finally, iron homeostasis is disrupted in numerous chronic lung diseases including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, transplantation, cigarette smoking, and cystic fibrosis.
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Wallenborn JG, Kovalcik KD, McGee JK, Landis MS, Kodavanti UP. Systemic translocation of (70)zinc: kinetics following intratracheal instillation in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 234:25-32. [PMID: 18973770 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of particulate matter (PM)-induced cardiotoxicity are not fully understood. Direct translocation of PM-associated metals, including zinc, may mediate this effect. We hypothesized that following a single intratracheal instillation (IT), zinc directly translocates outside of the lungs, reaching the heart. To test this, we used high resolution magnetic sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure levels of five stable isotopes of zinc ((64)Zn, (66)Zn, (67)Zn, (68)Zn, (70)Zn), and copper in lungs, plasma, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney of male Wistar Kyoto rats (13 weeks old, 250-300 g), 1, 4, 24, and 48 h following a single IT or oral gavage of saline or 0.7 micromol/rat (70)Zn, using a solution enriched with 76.6% (70)Zn. Natural abundance of (70)Zn is 0.62%, making it an easily detectable tracer following exposure. In IT rats, lung (70)Zn was highest 1 h post IT and declined by 48 h. Liver endogenous zinc was increased 24 and 48 h post IT. (70)Zn was detected in all extrapulmonary organs, with levels higher following IT than following gavage. Heart (70)Zn was highest 48 h post IT. Liver, spleen and kidney (70)Zn peaked 4 h following gavage, and 24 h following IT. (70)Zn IT exposure elicited changes in copper homeostasis in all tissues. IT instilled (70)Zn translocates from lungs into systemic circulation. Route of exposure affects (70)Zn translocation kinetics. Our data suggests that following pulmonary exposure, zinc accumulation and subsequent changes in normal metal homeostasis in the heart and other organs could induce cardiovascular injury.
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