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Niemelä LRK, Koskela EV, Frey AD. Modification of the endoplasmic reticulum morphology enables improved recombinant antibody expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2024; 387:1-11. [PMID: 38555020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a versatile cell factory used for manufacturing of a wide range of products, among them recombinant proteins. Protein folding is one of the rate-limiting processes and this shortcoming is often overcome by the expression of folding catalysts and chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this work, we aimed to establish the impact of ER structure on cellular productivity. The reticulon proteins Rtn1p and Rtn2p, and Yop1p are membrane curvature inducing proteins that define the morphology of the ER and depletion of these proteins creates yeast cells with a higher ER sheet-to-tubule ratio. We created yeast strains with different combinations of deletions of Rtn1p, Rtn2p, and Yop1p coding genes in cells with a normal or expanded ER lumen. We identified strains that reached up to 2.2-fold higher antibody titres compared to the control strain. The expanded ER membrane reached by deletion of the lipid biosynthesis repressor OPI1 was essential for the increased productivity. The improved specific productivity was accompanied by an up to 2-fold enlarged ER surface area and a 1.5-fold increased cross-sectional cell area. Furthermore, the strains with enlarged ER displayed an attenuated unfolded protein response. These results underline the impact that ER structures have on productivity and support the notion that reprogramming subcellular structures belongs into the toolbox of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R K Niemelä
- Aalto University, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Espoo, Finland
| | - Essi V Koskela
- Aalto University, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Espoo, Finland
| | - Alexander D Frey
- Aalto University, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Espoo, Finland.
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Correa-Medero LO, Jankowski SE, Hong HS, Armas ND, Vijendra AI, Reynolds MB, Fogo GM, Awad D, Dils AT, Inoki KA, Williams RG, Ye AM, Svezhova N, Gomez-Rivera F, Collins KL, O'Riordan MX, Sanderson TH, Lyssiotis CA, Carty SA. ER-associated degradation adapter Sel1L is required for CD8 + T cell function and memory formation following acute viral infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114156. [PMID: 38687642 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells underlies the efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies. Pathways contributing to CD8+ T cell loss are not completely understood. Uncovering the pathways underlying the limited persistence of CD8+ T cells would be of significant benefit for developing novel strategies of promoting T cell persistence. Here, we demonstrate that murine CD8+ T cells experience endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following activation and that the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) adapter Sel1L is induced in activated CD8+ T cells. Sel1L loss limits CD8+ T cell function and memory formation following acute viral infection. Mechanistically, Sel1L is required for optimal bioenergetics and c-Myc expression. Finally, we demonstrate that human CD8+ T cells experience ER stress upon activation and that ER stress is negatively associated with improved T cell functionality in T cell-redirecting therapies. Together, these results demonstrate that ER stress and ERAD are important regulators of T cell function and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Correa-Medero
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Hanna S Hong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas D Armas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Mack B Reynolds
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Garrett M Fogo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexander T Dils
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Reid G Williams
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Kathleen L Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary X O'Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shannon A Carty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Metcalf MG, Monshietehadi S, Sahay A, Durieux J, Frakes AE, Velichkovska M, Mena C, Farinas A, Sanchez M, Dillin A. Cell non-autonomous control of autophagy and metabolism by glial cells. iScience 2024; 27:109354. [PMID: 38500817 PMCID: PMC10946330 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glia are the protectors of the nervous system, providing neurons with support and protection from cytotoxic insults. We previously discovered that four astrocyte-like glia can regulate organismal proteostasis and longevity in C. elegans. Expression of the UPRER transcription factor, XBP-1s, in these glia increases stress resistance, and longevity, and activates the UPRER in intestinal cells via neuropeptides. Autophagy, a key regulator of metabolism and aging, has been described as a cell autonomous process. Surprisingly, we find that glial XBP-1s enhances proteostasis and longevity by cell non-autonomously reprogramming organismal lipid metabolism and activating autophagy. Glial XBP-1s regulates the activation of another transcription factor, HLH-30/TFEB, in the intestine. HLH-30 activates intestinal autophagy, increases intestinal lipid catabolism, and upregulates a robust transcriptional program. Our study reveals a novel role for glia in regulating peripheral lipid metabolism, autophagy, and organellar health through peripheral activation of HLH-30 and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G. Metcalf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samira Monshietehadi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arushi Sahay
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ashley E. Frakes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martina Velichkovska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cesar Mena
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amelia Farinas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Zhu Y, Cho K, Lacin H, Zhu Y, DiPaola JT, Wilson BA, Patti GJ, Skeath JB. Loss of dihydroceramide desaturase drives neurodegeneration by disrupting endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet homeostasis in glial cells. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.01.573836. [PMID: 38260379 PMCID: PMC10802327 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.01.573836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dihydroceramide desaturases convert dihydroceramides to ceramides, the precursors of all complex sphingolipids. Reduction of DEGS1 dihydroceramide desaturase function causes pediatric neurodegenerative disorder hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-18 (HLD-18). We discovered that infertile crescent (ifc), the Drosophila DEGS1 homolog, is expressed primarily in glial cells to promote CNS development by guarding against neurodegeneration. Loss of ifc causes massive dihydroceramide accumulation and severe morphological defects in cortex glia, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion, failure of neuronal ensheathment, and lipid droplet depletion. RNAi knockdown of the upstream ceramide synthase schlank in glia of ifc mutants rescues ER expansion, suggesting dihydroceramide accumulation in the ER drives this phenotype. RNAi knockdown of ifc in glia but not neurons drives neuronal cell death, suggesting that ifc function in glia promotes neuronal survival. Our work identifies glia as the primary site of disease progression in HLD-18 and may inform on juvenile forms of ALS, which also feature elevated dihydroceramide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Haluk Lacin
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jose T DiPaola
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beth A Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - James B Skeath
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Niu X, Shen Y, Wen Y, Mi X, Xie J, Zhang Y, Ding Z. KTN1 mediated unfolded protein response protects keratinocytes from ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:24-33. [PMID: 38448340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of the cytoprotective mechanisms against various stresses and essential for the normal function of skin. Skin injury caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is a common side effect of radiotherapy and it is unclear how UPR affects IR-induced skin injury. OBJECTIVES To verify the effect of UPR on IR-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes and the relation between an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein KTN1 and UPR. METHODS All experiments were performed on keratinocytes models: HaCaT and HEK-A. ER lumen and the expression levels of KTN1 and UPR pathway proteins (PERK, IRE1α and ATF6) were examined by transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting, respectively. 4-PBA, an UPR inhibitor, was used to detected its effects on DNA damage and cell proliferation. Subsequently, the effects of KTN1 deletion on UPR, DNA damage and cell proliferation after IR were detected. Tunicamycin was used to reactivate UPR and then we examined its effects on DNA damage. RESULTS UPR was activated by IR in keratinocytes. Inhibition of UPR aggravated DNA damage and suppressed cell proliferation after IR. KTN1 expression was upregulated by IR and KTN1 depletion reduced ER expansion and the expression of UPR-related proteins. Moreover, KTN1 depletion aggravated DNA damage and suppressed cell proliferation after IR could reversed by reactivation of UPR. CONCLUSION KTN1 deletion aggravates IR-induced keratinocyte DNA damage via inhibiting UPR. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of keratinocytes in response to IR-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Niu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Wen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Mi
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Wang G, Zhao H, Zou J, Liang W, Zhao Z, Li D. Role of BcSfb3, the subunit of COPII vesicles, in fungal development and pathogenicity, ER-phagy and autophagy in the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130379. [PMID: 38403214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) plays a multifunctional role in the transport of newly synthesized proteins, autophagosome formation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-ER-phagy. However, the molecular mechanisms of the COPII subunit in ER-phagy in plant pathogens remain unknown. Here, we identified the subunit of COPII vesicles (BcSfb3) and explored the importance of BcSfb3 in Botrytis cinerea. BcSfb3 deletion affected vegetative growth, conidiation, conidial morphology, and plasma membrane integrity. We confirmed that the increase in infectious hyphal growth was delayed in the ΔBcSfb3 mutant, reducing its pathogenicity in the host plant. Furthermore, the ΔBcSfb3 mutant was sensitive to ER stress, which caused massive ER expansion and induced the formation of ER whorls that were taken up into the vacuole. Further examination demonstrated that BcSfb3 deletion caused ER stress initiated by unfolded protein response, and which led to the promotion of ER-phagy and autophagy that participate in sclerotia formation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that BcSfb3 plays an important role in fungal development, pathogenesis, ER-phagy and autophagy in B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbo Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Haonan Zhao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650203, China.
| | - Delong Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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7
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Su B, Lai P, Deng MR, Zhu H. Global rewiring of lipid metabolism to produce carotenoid by deleting the transcription factor genes ino2/ino4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130400. [PMID: 38412934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor complex INO2 and INO4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a vital role in lipid biosynthesis by activating multiple genes in the biosynthetic pathways of phospholipid, fatty acid, and sterol. Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the effects of ino2 and ino4 gene expression levels on target chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of different ino2 and ino4 expression levels on carotenoid production (e.g., lycopene), which shares a common precursor, acetyl-CoA, with lipid metabolism. Surprisingly, 2.6- and 1.8-fold increase in lycopene yield in the ino2 and ino4 deletion strains were found, respectively. In contrast, ino2 overexpression did not promote lycopene accumulation. Additionally, there was a decrease in intracellular free fatty acids in the ino2 deletion strain. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant downregulation of genes related to lipid biosynthesis in the ino2 deletion strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that deletion of transcription factor genes ino2 and ino4 can facilitate lycopene accumulation. These findings hold significant implications for the development of metabolically engineered S. cerevisiae with enhanced carotenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buli Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixuan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Rong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Reinhard J, Starke L, Klose C, Haberkant P, Hammarén H, Stein F, Klein O, Berhorst C, Stumpf H, Sáenz JP, Hub J, Schuldiner M, Ernst R. MemPrep, a new technology for isolating organellar membranes provides fingerprints of lipid bilayer stress. EMBO J 2024; 43:1653-1685. [PMID: 38491296 PMCID: PMC11021466 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes have a stunning ability to adapt their composition in response to physiological stress and metabolic challenges. Little is known how such perturbations affect individual organelles in eukaryotic cells. Pioneering work has provided insights into the subcellular distribution of lipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the composition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, which also crucially regulates lipid metabolism and the unfolded protein response, remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we describe a method for purifying organelle membranes from yeast, MemPrep. We demonstrate the purity of our ER membrane preparations by proteomics, and document the general utility of MemPrep by isolating vacuolar membranes. Quantitative lipidomics establishes the lipid composition of the ER and the vacuolar membrane. Our findings provide a baseline for studying membrane protein biogenesis and have important implications for understanding the role of lipids in regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). The combined preparative and analytical MemPrep approach uncovers dynamic remodeling of ER membranes in stressed cells and establishes distinct molecular fingerprints of lipid bilayer stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Reinhard
- Saarland University, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Homburg, Germany
- Saarland University, Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Homburg, Germany
| | - Leonhard Starke
- Saarland University, Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Per Haberkant
- EMBL Heidelberg, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Stein
- EMBL Heidelberg, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ofir Klein
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Charlotte Berhorst
- Saarland University, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Homburg, Germany
- Saarland University, Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Homburg, Germany
| | - Heike Stumpf
- Saarland University, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Homburg, Germany
- Saarland University, Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Homburg, Germany
| | - James P Sáenz
- Technische Universität Dresden, B CUBE, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Hub
- Saarland University, Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert Ernst
- Saarland University, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Homburg, Germany.
- Saarland University, Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Homburg, Germany.
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9
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Zalon AJ, Quiriconi DJ, Pitcairn C, Mazzulli JR. α-Synuclein: Multiple pathogenic roles in trafficking and proteostasis pathways in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241232963. [PMID: 38420922 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241232963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A hallmark of both familial and sporadic PD is the presence of Lewy body inclusions composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn), a presynaptic protein encoded by the SNCA gene. The mechanisms driving the relationship between α-syn accumulation and neurodegeneration are not completely understood, although recent evidence indicates that multiple branches of the proteostasis pathway are simultaneously perturbed when α-syn aberrantly accumulates within neurons. Studies from patient-derived midbrain cultures that develop α-syn pathology through the endogenous expression of PD-causing mutations show that proteostasis disruption occurs at the level of synthesis/folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), downstream ER-Golgi trafficking, and autophagic-lysosomal clearance. Here, we review the fundamentals of protein transport, highlighting the specific steps where α-syn accumulation may intervene and the downstream effects on proteostasis. Current therapeutic efforts are focused on targeting single pathways or proteins, but the multifaceted pathogenic role of α-syn throughout the proteostasis pathway suggests that manipulating several targets simultaneously will provide more effective disease-modifying therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie J Zalon
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Drew J Quiriconi
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Jang W, Haucke V. ER remodeling via lipid metabolism. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00023-0. [PMID: 38395735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Unlike most other organelles found in multiple copies, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a unique singular organelle within eukaryotic cells. Despite its continuous membrane structure, encompassing more than half of the cellular endomembrane system, the ER is subdivided into specialized sub-compartments, including morphological, membrane contact site (MCS), and de novo organelle biogenesis domains. In this review, we discuss recent emerging evidence indicating that, in response to nutrient stress, cells undergo a reorganization of these sub-compartmental ER domains through two main mechanisms: non-destructive remodeling of morphological ER domains via regulation of MCS and organelle hitchhiking, and destructive remodeling of specialized domains by ER-phagy. We further highlight and propose a critical role of membrane lipid metabolism in this ER remodeling during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyul Jang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Wang M, Wu N, Wang H, Liu C, Chen Q, Xu T, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Overproduction of mycotoxin biosynthetic enzymes triggers Fusarium toxisome-shaped structure formation via endoplasmic reticulum remodeling. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011913. [PMID: 38166144 PMCID: PMC10786393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by the Fusarium graminearum complex is highly toxic to animal and human health. During DON synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of F. graminearum is intensively reorganized, from thin reticular structure to thickened spherical and crescent structure, which was referred to as "DON toxisome". However, the underlying mechanism of how the ER is reorganized into toxisome remains unknown. In this study, we discovered that overproduction of ER-localized DON biosynthetic enzyme Tri4 or Tri1, or intrinsic ER-resident membrane proteins FgHmr1 and FgCnx was sufficient to induce toxisome-shaped structure (TSS) formation under non-toxin-inducing conditions. Moreover, heterologous overexpression of Tri1 and Tri4 proteins in non-DON-producing fungi F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. fujikuroi also led to TSS formation. In addition, we found that the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG), but not the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway was involved in the assembly of ER into TSS. By using toxisome as a biomarker, we screened and identified a novel chemical which exhibited high inhibitory activity against toxisome formation and DON biosynthesis, and inhibited Fusarium growth species-specifically. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the essence of ER remodeling into toxisome structure is a response to the overproduction of ER-localized DON biosynthetic enzymes, providing a novel pathway for management of mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaowan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianming Xu
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Sandor A, Samalova M, Brandizzi F, Kriechbaumer V, Moore I, Fricker MD, Sweetlove LJ. Characterization of intracellular membrane structures derived from a massive expansion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane due to synthetic ER-membrane-resident polyproteins. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:45-59. [PMID: 37715992 PMCID: PMC10735356 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that is amenable to major restructuring. Introduction of recombinant ER-membrane-resident proteins that form homo oligomers is a known method of inducing ER proliferation: interaction of the proteins with each other alters the local structure of the ER network, leading to the formation large aggregations of expanded ER, sometimes leading to the formation of organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (OSER). However, these membrane structures formed by ER proliferation are poorly characterized and this hampers their potential development for plant synthetic biology. Here, we characterize a range of ER-derived membranous compartments in tobacco and show how the nature of the polyproteins introduced into the ER membrane affect the morphology of the final compartment. We show that a cytosol-facing oligomerization domain is an essential component for compartment formation. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we demonstrate that although the compartment retains a connection to the ER, a diffusional barrier exists to both the ER and the cytosol associated with the compartment. Using quantitative image analysis, we also show that the presence of the compartment does not disrupt the rest of the ER network. Moreover, we demonstrate that it is possible to recruit a heterologous, bacterial enzyme to the compartment, and for the enzyme to accumulate to high levels. Finally, transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively expressing the compartment-forming polyproteins grew and developed normally under standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Sandor
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Marketa Samalova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark D Fricker
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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13
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Hou L, Dong H, Zhang E, Lu H, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Xing M. A new insight into fluoride induces cardiotoxicity in chickens: Involving the regulation of PERK/IRE1/ATF6 pathway and heat shock proteins. Toxicology 2024; 501:153688. [PMID: 38036095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis poses a significant threat to human and animal health and is an urgent public safety concern in various countries. Subchronic exposure to fluoride has the potential to result in pathological damage to the heart, but its potential mechanism requires further investigation. This study investigated the effects of long-term exposure to sodium fluoride (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) on the hearts of chickens were investigated. The results showed that an elevated exposure dose of sodium fluoride led to congested cardiac tissue and disrupted myofiber organisation. Sodium fluoride exposure activated the ERS pathways of PERK, IRE1, and ATF6, increasing HSP60 and HSP70 and decreasing HSP90. The NF-κB pathway and the activation of TNF-α and iNOS elicited an inflammatory response. BAX, cytc, and cleaved-caspase3 were increased, triggering apoptosis and leading to cardiac injury. The abnormal expression of HSP90 and HSP70 affected the stability and function of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, which are crucial necroptosis markers. HSPs inhibited TNF-α-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis of the death receptor pathway. Sodium fluoride resulted in heart injury in chickens because of the ERS and variations in HSPs, inducing inflammation and apoptosis. Cardiac-adapted HSPs impeded the activation of necroptosis. This paper may provide a reference for examining the potential cardiotoxic effects of sodium fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Enyu Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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14
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Lim JH, Kang HM, Kim DH, Jeong B, Lee DY, Lee JR, Baek JY, Cho HS, Son MY, Kim DS, Kim NS, Jung CR. ARL6IP1 gene delivery reduces neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathology in hereditary spastic paraplegia model. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230367. [PMID: 37934410 PMCID: PMC10630151 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ARL6IP1 is implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), but the specific pathogenic mechanism leading to neurodegeneration has not been elucidated. Here, we clarified the molecular mechanism of ARL6IP1 in HSP using in vitro and in vivo models. The Arl6ip1 knockout (KO) mouse model was generated to represent the clinically involved frameshift mutations and mimicked the HSP phenotypes. Notably, in vivo brain histopathological analysis revealed demyelination of the axon and neuroinflammation in the white matter, including the corticospinal tract. In in vitro experiments, ARL6IP1 silencing caused cell death during neuronal differentiation and mitochondrial dysfunction by dysregulated autophagy. ARL6IP1 localized on mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) to maintain endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial homeostasis via direct interaction with LC3B and BCl2L13. ARL6IP1 played a crucial role in connecting the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as a member of MAMs. ARL6IP1 gene therapy reduced HSP phenotypes and restored pathophysiological changes in the Arl6ip1 KO model. Our results established that ARL6IP1 could be a potential target for HSP gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hun Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyeon Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ran Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeob Baek
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Soo Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Woo SM, Yang SG, Kim YW, Koo DB, Park HJ. Ochratoxin A triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK/NRF2 signaling and DNA damage during early embryonic developmental competence in pigs. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 269:115757. [PMID: 38064788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin found in foods, has a deleterious effect on female reproduction owing to its endocrine-disrupting activity mediated through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the mechanisms of OTA-induced ER stress in pig embryos during in vitro culture (IVC) are not yet fully understood. In the present study, porcine embryos were cultured for two days in an IVC medium supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 μM OTA, which led to an OTA-induced reduction in the developmental rate of blastocysts. The mRNA-seq transcriptome analysis revealed that the reduced blastocyst development ability of OTA-exposed porcine embryos was caused by ER stress, ultimately resulting in the accumulation of ROS and the occurrence of apoptosis. The expression levels of some UPR/PERK signaling-related genes (DDIT3, EIF2AK3, EIF2S1, NFE2L2, ATF4, EIF2A, and KEAP1) were found to differ in OTA-exposed pig embryos. OTA induces DNA damage by triggering an increase in RAD51/γ-H2AX levels and suppressing p-NRF2 activity. This effect is mediated through intracellular ROS and superoxide accumulation in the nuclei of porcine embryos. The cytotoxicity of OTA increased the activation of the PERK signal pathways (p-PERK, PERK, p-eIF2α, eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP) in porcine embryos, with abnormal distribution of the ER observed around the nucleus. Collectively, our findings indicate that ER stress is a major cause of decline in the development of porcine embryos exposed to OTA. Therefore, OTA exposure induces ER stress and DNA damage via oxidative stress by disrupting PERK/NRF2 signaling activity in the developmental competence of porcine embryos during IVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Woo
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Won Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Department of Companion Animal Industry, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Yasukawa T, Iwama R, Yamasaki Y, Masuo N, Noda Y. Yeast Rim11 kinase responds to glutathione-induced stress by regulating the transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar8. [PMID: 37938929 PMCID: PMC10881166 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide composed of glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid, is an abundant thiol found in a wide variety of cells, ranging from bacterial to mammalian cells. Adequate levels of GSH are essential for maintaining iron homeostasis. The ratio of oxidized/reduced GSH is strictly regulated in each organelle to maintain the cellular redox potential. Cellular redox imbalances cause defects in physiological activities, which can lead to various diseases. Although there are many reports regarding the cellular response to GSH depletion, studies on stress response to high levels of GSH are limited. Here, we performed genome-scale screening in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified RIM11, BMH1, and WHI2 as multicopy suppressors of the growth defect caused by GSH stress. The deletion strains of each gene were sensitive to GSH. We found that Rim11, a kinase important in the regulation of meiosis, was activated via autophosphorylation upon GSH stress in a glucose-rich medium. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed that transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes was downregulated under GSH stress, and introduction of multiple copies of RIM11 counteracted this effect. These results demonstrate that S. cerevisiae copes with GSH stress via multiple stress-responsive pathways, including a part of the adaptive pathway to glucose limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Yasukawa
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwama
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamasaki
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Naohisa Masuo
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Yoichi Noda
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Fernández-Murray JP, Tavasoli M, Williams J, McMaster CR. The leucine zipper domain of the transcriptional repressor Opi1 underlies a signal transduction mechanism regulating lipid synthesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105417. [PMID: 37918807 PMCID: PMC10709064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcriptional repressor Opi1 regulates the expression of genes involved in phospholipid synthesis responding to the abundance of the phospholipid precursor phosphatidic acid at the endoplasmic reticulum. We report here the identification of the conserved leucine zipper (LZ) domain of Opi1 as a hot spot for gain of function mutations and the characterization of the strongest variant identified, Opi1N150D. LZ modeling posits asparagine 150 embedded on the hydrophobic surface of the zipper and specifying dynamic parallel homodimerization by allowing electrostatic bonding across the hydrophobic dimerization interface. Opi1 variants carrying any of the other three ionic residues at amino acid 150 were also repressing. Genetic analyses showed that Opi1N150D variant is dominant, and its phenotype is attenuated when loss of function mutations identified in the other two conserved domains are present in cis. We build on the notion that membrane binding facilitates LZ dimerization to antagonize an intramolecular interaction of the zipper necessary for repression. Dissecting Opi1 protein in three polypeptides containing each conserved region, we performed in vitro analyses to explore interdomain interactions. An Opi11-190 probe interacted with Opi1291-404, the C terminus that bears the activator interacting domain (AID). LZ or AID loss of function mutations attenuated the interaction of the probes but was unaffected by the N150D mutation. We propose a model for Opi1 signal transduction whereby synergy between membrane-binding events and LZ dimerization antagonizes intramolecular LZ-AID interaction and transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahtab Tavasoli
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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18
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Deng M, Wu Y, Lv X, Liu L, Li J, Du G, Chen J, Liu Y. Heterologous Single-Strand DNA-Annealing and Binding Protein Enhance CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Efficiency in Komagataella phaffii. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3443-3453. [PMID: 37881961 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The industrial yeast Komagataella phaffii is a highly effective platform for heterologous protein production, owing to its high protein expression and secretion capacity. Heterologous genes and proteins are involved in multiple processes, including transcription, translation, protein folding, modification, transportation, and degradation; however, engineering these proteins and genes is challenging due to inefficient genome editing techniques. We employed Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage single-stranded DNA-annealing protein (SSAP) PapRecT and P. aeruginosa single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) PaSSB to introduce SSAP-SSB-based homology recombination, which facilitated K. phaffii CRISPR-based genome engineering. Specifically, a host-independent method was developed by expressing sgRNA with PapRecT-PaSSB in a single plasmid, with which only a 50 bp short homologous arm (HA) reached a 100% positive rate for CRISPR-based gene insertion, reaching 18 colony-forming units (CFU) per μg of donor DNA. Single deletion using 1000 bp HA attained 100%, reaching 68 CFUs per μg of donor DNA. Using this efficient CRISPR-based genome editing tool, we integrated three genes (INO4, GAL4-like, and PAB1) at three different loci for overexpression to realize the collaborative regulation of human-lactalbumin (α-LA) production. Specifically, we strengthened phospholipid biosynthesis to facilitate endoplasmic reticulum membrane formation and enhanced recombinant protein transcription and translation by overexpressing transcription and translation factors. The final production of α-LA in the 3 L fermentation reached 113.4 mg L-1, two times higher than that of the strain without multiple site gene editing, which is the highest reported titer in K. phaffii. The CRISPR-based genome editing method developed in this study is suitable for the synergistic multiple-site engineering of protein and biochemical biosynthesis pathways to improve the biomanufacturing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaokang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
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19
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Macauslane KL, Pegg CL, Short KR, Schulz BL. Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways by respiratory viruses. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37934111 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2274840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are amongst the leading causes of death and disability, and the greatest burden of disease impacts children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Respiratory viruses account for the majority of ARIs. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a host homeostatic defence mechanism primarily activated in response to aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein accumulation in cell stresses including viral infection. The UPR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases, as the respiratory system is particularly vulnerable to chronic and acute activation of the ER stress response pathway. Many respiratory viruses therefore employ strategies to modulate the UPR during infection, with varying effects on the host and the pathogens. Here, we review the specific means by which respiratory viruses affect the host UPR, particularly in association with the high production of viral glycoproteins, and the impact of UPR activation and subversion on viral replication and disease pathogenesis. We further review the activation of UPR in common co-morbidities of ARIs and discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating the UPR in virally induced respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Macauslane
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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20
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Gao P, Yan W, Shen J, Luo X, Keasling JD. Development of an efficient yeast platform for cannabigerolic acid biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2023; 80:232-240. [PMID: 37890610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are important therapeutical molecules for human ailments, cancer treatment, and SARS-CoV-2. The central cannabinoid, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), is generated from geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid by Cannabis sativa prenyltransferase (CsPT4). Despite efforts to engineer microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) for CBGA production, their titers remain suboptimal because of the low conversion of hexanoate into olivetolic acid and the limited activity and stability of the CsPT4. To address the low hexanoate conversion, we eliminated hexanoate consumption by the beta-oxidation pathway and reduced its incorporation into fatty acids. To address CsPT4 limitations, we expanded the endoplasmic reticulum and fused an auxiliary protein to CsPT4. Consequently, the engineered S. cerevisiae chassis showed a marked improvement of 78.64-fold in CBGA production, reaching a titer of 510.32 ± 10.70 mg l-1 from glucose and hexanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiulong Guo
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - PeiZhen Gao
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - Junfeng Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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21
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Abstract
Triterpenoids are among the most assorted class of specialized metabolites found in all the taxa of living organisms. Triterpenoids are the leading active ingredients sourced from plant species and are utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The triterpenoid precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene, which is biosynthesized via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway is structurally diversified by the oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) and other scaffold-decorating enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and acyltransferases (ATs). A majority of the bioactive triterpenoids are harvested from the native hosts using the traditional methods of extraction and occasionally semi-synthesized. These methods of supply are time-consuming and do not often align with sustainability goals. Recent advancements in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have shown prospects for the green routes of triterpenoid pathway reconstruction in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, which appear to be quite promising and might lead to the development of alternative source of triterpenoids. The present review describes the biotechnological strategies used to elucidate complex biosynthetic pathways and to understand their regulation and also discusses how the advances in triterpenoid pathway engineering might aid in the scale-up of triterpenoid production in engineered hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dinday
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Gruber L, Jobst M, Kiss E, Karasová M, Englinger B, Berger W, Del Favero G. Intracellular remodeling associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress modifies biomechanical compliance of bladder cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:307. [PMID: 37904178 PMCID: PMC10614373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cells face a challenging biophysical environment: mechanical cues originating from urine flow and regular contraction to enable the filling voiding of the organ. To ensure functional adaption, bladder cells rely on high biomechanical compliance, nevertheless aging or chronic pathological conditions can modify this plasticity. Obviously the cytoskeletal network plays an essential role, however the contribution of other, closely entangled, intracellular organelles is currently underappreciated. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lies at a crucial crossroads, connected to both nucleus and cytoskeleton. Yet, its role in the maintenance of cell mechanical stability is less investigated. To start exploring these aspects, T24 bladder cancer cells were treated with the ER stress inducers brefeldin A (10-40nM BFA, 24 h) and thapsigargin (0.1-100nM TG, 24 h). Without impairment of cell motility and viability, BFA and TG triggered a significant subcellular redistribution of the ER; this was associated with a rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Additional inhibition of actin polymerization with cytochalasin D (100nM CytD) contributed to the spread of the ER toward cell periphery, and was accompanied by an increase of cellular stiffness (Young´s modulus) in the cytoplasmic compartment. Shrinking of the ER toward the nucleus (100nM TG, 2 h) was related to an increased stiffness in the nuclear and perinuclear areas. A similar short-term response profile was observed also in normal human primary bladder fibroblasts. In sum, the ER and its subcellular rearrangement seem to contribute to the mechanical properties of bladder cells opening new perspectives in the study of the related stress signaling cascades. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Gruber
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martina Karasová
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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23
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Taler K, Zatari N, Lone MI, Rotem-Bamberger S, Inbal A. Identification of Small Molecules for Prevention of Lens Epithelium-Derived Cataract Using Zebrafish. Cells 2023; 12:2540. [PMID: 37947618 PMCID: PMC10650733 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It can be treated by surgery, whereby the damaged crystalline lens is replaced by a synthetic lens. Although cataract surgery is highly effective, a relatively common complication named posterior capsular opacification (PCO) leads to secondary loss of vision. PCO is caused by abnormal proliferation and migration of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) that were not removed during the surgery, which results in interruption to the passage of light. Despite technical improvements to the surgery, this complication has not been eradicated. Efforts are being made to identify drugs that can be applied post-surgery, to inhibit PCO development. Towards the goal of identifying such drugs, we used zebrafish embryos homozygous for a mutation in plod3 that develop a lens phenotype with characteristics of PCO. Using both biased and unbiased approaches, we identified small molecules that can block the lens phenotype of the mutants. Our findings confirm the relevance of zebrafish plod3 mutants' lens phenotype as a model for lens epithelium-derived cataract and add to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of this pathology. This understanding should help in the development of strategies for PCO prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adi Inbal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research—Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel; (K.T.); (N.Z.); (M.I.L.); (S.R.-B.)
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24
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Ishiwata-Kimata Y, Kimata Y. Fundamental and Applicative Aspects of the Unfolded Protein Response in Yeasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:989. [PMID: 37888245 PMCID: PMC10608004 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon the dysfunction or functional shortage of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), namely, ER stress, eukaryotic cells commonly provoke a protective gene expression program called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The molecular mechanism of UPR has been uncovered through frontier genetic studies using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. Ire1 is an ER-located transmembrane protein that directly senses ER stress and is activated as an RNase. During ER stress, Ire1 promotes the splicing of HAC1 mRNA, which is then translated into a transcription factor that induces the expression of various genes, including those encoding ER-located molecular chaperones and protein modification enzymes. While this mainstream intracellular UPR signaling pathway was elucidated in the 1990s, new intriguing insights have been gained up to now. For instance, various additional factors allow UPR evocation strictly in response to ER stress. The UPR machineries in other yeasts and fungi, including pathogenic species, are another important research topic. Moreover, industrially beneficial yeast strains carrying an enforced and enlarged ER have been produced through the artificial and constitutive induction of the UPR. In this article, we review canonical and up-to-date insights concerning the yeast UPR, mainly from the viewpoint of the functions and regulation of Ire1 and HAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukio Kimata
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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25
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Nagaraj B, James AW, Mathivanan A, Nachiappan V. Impairment of RPN4, a transcription factor, induces ER stress and lipid abnormality in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2127-2139. [PMID: 36703093 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces ER stress. The transcription factor RPN4 {"Regulatory Particle Non-ATPase"} regulates protein homeostasis by degrading proteins that elude proper folding or assembly via the proteasomal degradation pathway. Here, we studied the lipid alterations exerted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to mitigate (ER) stress during adaptive responses in rpn4∆ cells. The loss of RPN4-induced ER stress increased phospholipid synthesis, leading to altered membrane structures and accumulation of neutral lipids, causing an increase in lipid droplets (LDs). There was a significant upregulation of genes involved in neutral lipid and membrane lipid synthesis in rpn4∆ cells. Overexpression of RPN4 restored the defects caused by rpn4∆ cells. Thus, our study provides new insight that RPN4 impacts lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanupriya Nagaraj
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
- Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, USA
| | - Arul Mathivanan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
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26
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Nenadic A, Zaman MF, Johansen J, Volpiana MW, Beh CT. Increased Phospholipid Flux Bypasses Overlapping Essential Requirements for the Yeast Sac1p Phosphoinositide Phosphatase and ER-PM Membrane Contact Sites. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105092. [PMID: 37507017 PMCID: PMC10470028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In budding yeast cells, much of the inner surface of the plasma membrane (PM) is covered with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This association is mediated by seven ER membrane proteins that confer cortical ER-PM association at membrane contact sites (MCSs). Several of these membrane "tether" proteins are known to physically interact with the phosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1p. However, it is unclear how or if these interactions are necessary for their interdependent functions. We find that SAC1 inactivation in cells lacking the homologous synaptojanin-like genes INP52 and INP53 results in a significant increase in cortical ER-PM MCSs. We show in sac1Δ, sac1tsinp52Δ inp53Δ, or Δ-super-tether (Δ-s-tether) cells lacking all seven ER-PM tethering genes that phospholipid biosynthesis is disrupted and phosphoinositide distribution is altered. Furthermore, SAC1 deletion in Δ-s-tether cells results in lethality, indicating a functional overlap between SAC1 and ER-PM tethering genes. Transcriptomic profiling indicates that SAC1 inactivation in either Δ-s-tether or inp52Δ inp53Δ cells induces an ER membrane stress response and elicits phosphoinositide-dependent changes in expression of autophagy genes. In addition, by isolating high-copy suppressors that rescue sac1Δ Δ-s-tether lethality, we find that key phospholipid biosynthesis genes bypass the overlapping function of SAC1 and ER-PM tethers and that overexpression of the phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate transfer protein Osh6 also provides limited suppression. Combined with lipidomic analysis and determinations of intracellular phospholipid distributions, these results suggest that Sac1p and ER phospholipid flux controls lipid distribution to drive Osh6p-dependent phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate counter-exchange at ER-PM MCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Nenadic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad F Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jesper Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew W Volpiana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher T Beh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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27
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Parkkinen I, Their A, Asghar MY, Sree S, Jokitalo E, Airavaara M. Pharmacological Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure and Calcium Dynamics: Importance for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:959-978. [PMID: 37127349 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle of the cell, composed of a continuous network of sheets and tubules, and is involved in protein, calcium (Ca2+), and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the ER extends throughout the cell, both somal and axodendritic compartments, and is highly important for neuronal functions. A third of the proteome of a cell, secreted and membrane-bound proteins, are processed within the ER lumen and most of these proteins are vital for neuronal activity. The brain itself is high in lipid content, and many structural lipids are produced, in part, by the ER. Cholesterol and steroid synthesis are strictly regulated in the ER of the blood-brain barrier protected brain cells. The high Ca2+ level in the ER lumen and low cytosolic concentration is needed for Ca2+-based intracellular signaling, for synaptic signaling and Ca2+ waves, and for preparing proteins for correct folding in the presence of high Ca2+ concentrations to cope with the high concentrations of extracellular milieu. Particularly, ER Ca2+ is controlled in axodendritic areas for proper neurito- and synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity and remodeling. In this review, we cover the physiologic functions of the neuronal ER and discuss it in context of common neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on pharmacological regulation of ER Ca2+ Furthermore, we postulate that heterogeneity of the ER, its protein folding capacity, and ensuring Ca2+ regulation are crucial factors for the aging and selective vulnerability of neurons in various neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ regulators are promising therapeutic targets for degenerative diseases for which efficacious drug therapies do not exist. The use of pharmacological probes targeting maintenance and restoration of ER Ca2+ can provide restoration of protein homeostasis (e.g., folding of complex plasma membrane signaling receptors) and slow down the degeneration process of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmari Parkkinen
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Their
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad Yasir Asghar
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sreesha Sree
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Panessa GM, Tassoni-Tsuchida E, Pires MR, Felix RR, Jekabson R, de Souza-Pinto NC, da Cunha FM, Brandman O, Cussiol JRR. Opi1-mediated transcriptional modulation orchestrates genotoxic stress response in budding yeast. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad130. [PMID: 37440469 PMCID: PMC10691878 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In budding yeast, the transcriptional repressor Opi1 regulates phospholipid biosynthesis by repressing expression of genes containing inositol-sensitive upstream activation sequences. Upon genotoxic stress, cells activate the DNA damage response to coordinate a complex network of signaling pathways aimed at preserving genomic integrity. Here, we reveal that Opi1 is important to modulate transcription in response to genotoxic stress. We find that cells lacking Opi1 exhibit hypersensitivity to genotoxins, along with a delayed G1-to-S-phase transition and decreased gamma-H2A levels. Transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing reveals that Opi1 plays a central role in modulating essential biological processes during methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-associated stress, including repression of phospholipid biosynthesis and transduction of mating signaling. Moreover, Opi1 induces sulfate assimilation and amino acid metabolic processes, such as arginine and histidine biosynthesis and glycine catabolism. Furthermore, we observe increased mitochondrial DNA instability in opi1Δ cells upon MMS treatment. Notably, we show that constitutive activation of the transcription factor Ino2-Ino4 is responsible for genotoxin sensitivity in Opi1-deficient cells, and the production of inositol pyrophosphates by Kcs1 counteracts Opi1 function specifically during MMS-induced stress. Overall, our findings highlight Opi1 as a critical sensor of genotoxic stress in budding yeast, orchestrating gene expression to facilitate appropriate stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Marques Panessa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tassoni-Tsuchida
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marina Rodrigues Pires
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Felix
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Jekabson
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Onn Brandman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - José Renato Rosa Cussiol
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
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29
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Koutras N, Morfos V, Konnaris K, Kouvela A, Shaukat AN, Stathopoulos C, Stamatopoulou V, Nika K. Integrated signaling and transcriptome analysis reveals Src family kinase individualities and novel pathways controlled by their constitutive activity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224520. [PMID: 37680627 PMCID: PMC10482094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFKs) Lck and Lyn are crucial for lymphocyte development and function. Albeit tissue-restricted expression patterns the two kinases share common functions; the most pronounced one being the phosphorylation of ITAM motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of antigenic receptors. Lck is predominantly expressed in T lymphocytes; however, it can be ectopically found in B-1 cell subsets and numerous pathologies including acute and chronic B-cell leukemias. The exact impact of Lck on the B-cell signaling apparatus remains enigmatic and is followed by the long-lasting question of mechanisms granting selectivity among SFK members. In this work we sought to investigate the mechanistic basis of ectopic Lck function in B-cells and compare it to events elicited by the predominant B-cell SFK, Lyn. Our results reveal substrate promiscuity displayed by the two SFKs, which however, is buffered by their differential susceptibility toward regulatory mechanisms, revealing a so far unappreciated aspect of SFK member-specific fine-tuning. Furthermore, we show that Lck- and Lyn-generated signals suffice to induce transcriptome alterations, reminiscent of B-cell activation, in the absence of receptor/co-receptor engagement. Finally, our analyses revealed a yet unrecognized role of SFKs in tipping the balance of cellular stress responses, by promoting the onset of ER-phagy, an as yet completely uncharacterized process in B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Konstantina Nika
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Kalli S, Vallieres C, Violet J, Sanders JW, Chapman J, Vincken JP, Avery SV, Araya-Cloutier C. Cellular Responses and Targets in Food Spoilage Yeasts Exposed to Antifungal Prenylated Isoflavonoids. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0132723. [PMID: 37428107 PMCID: PMC10433819 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenylated isoflavonoids are phytochemicals with promising antifungal properties. Recently, it was shown that glabridin and wighteone disrupted the plasma membrane (PM) of the food spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces parabailii in distinct ways, which led us to investigate further their modes of action (MoA). Transcriptomic profiling with Z. parabailii showed that genes encoding transmembrane ATPase transporters, including Yor1, and genes homologous to the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were upregulated in response to both compounds. Gene functions involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism, proteostasis, and DNA replication processes were overrepresented among genes upregulated by glabridin and/or wighteone. Chemogenomic analysis using the genome-wide deletant collection for S. cerevisiae further suggested an important role for PM lipids and PM proteins. Deletants of gene functions involved in biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (constituents of PM sphingolipids) and ergosterol were hypersensitive to both compounds. Using lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, we corroborated roles for sphingolipids and ergosterol in prenylated isoflavonoid action. The PM ABC transporter Yor1 and Lem3-dependent flippases conferred sensitivity and resistance, respectively, to the compounds, suggesting an important role for PM phospholipid asymmetry in their MoAs. Impaired tryptophan availability, likely linked to perturbation of the PM tryptophan permease Tat2, was evident in response to glabridin. Finally, substantial evidence highlighted a role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cellular responses to wighteone, including gene functions associated with ER membrane stress or with phospholipid biosynthesis, the primary lipid of the ER membrane. IMPORTANCE Preservatives, such as sorbic acid and benzoic acid, inhibit the growth of undesirable yeast and molds in foods. Unfortunately, preservative tolerance and resistance in food spoilage yeast, such as Zygosaccharomyces parabailii, is a growing challenge in the food industry, which can compromise food safety and increase food waste. Prenylated isoflavonoids are the main defense phytochemicals in the Fabaceae family. Glabridin and wighteone belong to this group of compounds and have shown potent antifungal activity against food spoilage yeasts. The present study demonstrated the mode of action of these compounds against food spoilage yeasts by using advanced molecular tools. Overall, the cellular actions of these two prenylated isoflavonoids share similarities (at the level of the plasma membrane) but also differences. Tryptophan import was specifically affected by glabridin, whereas endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress was specifically induced by wighteone. Understanding the mode of action of these novel antifungal agents is essential for their application in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kalli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy Vallieres
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Violet
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Chapman
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon V. Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Anton V, Buntenbroich I, Simões T, Joaquim M, Müller L, Buettner R, Odenthal M, Hoppe T, Escobar-Henriques M. E4 ubiquitin ligase promotes mitofusin turnover and mitochondrial stress response. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2976-2990.e9. [PMID: 37595558 PMCID: PMC10434984 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-dependent control of mitochondrial dynamics is important for protein quality and neuronal integrity. Mitofusins, mitochondrial fusion factors, can integrate cellular stress through their ubiquitylation, which is carried out by multiple E3 enzymes in response to many different stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms that enable coordinated responses are largely unknown. Here we show that yeast Ufd2, a conserved ubiquitin chain-elongating E4 enzyme, is required for mitochondrial shape adjustments. Under various stresses, Ufd2 translocates to mitochondria and triggers mitofusin ubiquitylation. This elongates ubiquitin chains on mitofusin and promotes its proteasomal degradation, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation. Ufd2 and its human homologue UBE4B also target mitofusin mutants associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of the peripheral nerves. This underscores the pathophysiological importance of E4-mediated ubiquitylation in neurodegeneration. In summary, we identify E4-dependent mitochondrial stress adaptation by linking various metabolic processes to mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Anton
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ira Buntenbroich
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Tânia Simões
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariana Joaquim
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Leonie Müller
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany.
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Perez-Pouchoulen M, Jaiyesimi A, Bardhi K, Waddell J, Banerjee A. Hypothermia increases cold-inducible protein expression and improves cerebellar-dependent learning after hypoxia ischemia in the neonatal rat. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:539-546. [PMID: 36810641 PMCID: PMC10403381 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy remains a significant cause of developmental disability.1,2 The standard of care for term infants is hypothermia, which has multifactorial effects.3-5 Therapeutic hypothermia upregulates the cold-inducible protein RNA binding motif 3 (RBM3) that is highly expressed in developing and proliferative regions of the brain.6,7 The neuroprotective effects of RBM3 in adults are mediated by its ability to promote the translation of mRNAs such as reticulon 3 (RTN3).8 METHODS: Hypoxia ischemia or control procedure was conducted in Sprague Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 10 (PND10). Pups were immediately assigned to normothermia or hypothermia at the end of the hypoxia. In adulthood, cerebellum-dependent learning was tested using the conditioned eyeblink reflex. The volume of the cerebellum and the magnitude of cerebral injury were measured. A second study quantified RBM3 and RTN3 protein levels in the cerebellum and hippocampus collected during hypothermia. RESULTS Hypothermia reduced cerebral tissue loss and protected cerebellar volume. Hypothermia also improved learning of the conditioned eyeblink response. RBM3 and RTN3 protein expression were increased in the cerebellum and hippocampus of rat pups subjected to hypothermia on PND10. CONCLUSIONS Hypothermia was neuroprotective in male and female pups and reversed subtle changes in the cerebellum after hypoxic ischemic. IMPACT Hypoxic ischemic produced tissue loss and a learning deficit in the cerebellum. Hypothermia reversed both the tissue loss and learning deficit. Hypothermia increased cold-responsive protein expression in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Our results confirm cerebellar volume loss contralateral to the carotid artery ligation and injured cerebral hemisphere, suggesting crossed-cerebellar diaschisis in this model. Understanding the endogenous response to hypothermia might improve adjuvant interventions and expand the clinical utility of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayodele Jaiyesimi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keti Bardhi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Prasad V, Cerikan B, Stahl Y, Kopp K, Magg V, Acosta-Rivero N, Kim H, Klein K, Funaya C, Haselmann U, Cortese M, Heigwer F, Bageritz J, Bitto D, Jargalsaikhan S, Neufeldt C, Pahmeier F, Boutros M, Yamauchi Y, Ruggieri A, Bartenschlager R. Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 entry via UPR-dependent AMPK-related kinase NUAK2. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2559-2577.e8. [PMID: 37421942 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remodels the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form replication organelles, leading to ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the role of specific UPR pathways in infection remains unclear. Here, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes marginal activation of signaling sensor IRE1α leading to its phosphorylation, clustering in the form of dense ER-membrane rearrangements with embedded membrane openings, and XBP1 splicing. By investigating the factors regulated by IRE1α-XBP1 during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we identified stress-activated kinase NUAK2 as a novel host-dependency factor for SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, and MERS-CoV entry. Reducing NUAK2 abundance or kinase activity impaired SARS-CoV-2 particle binding and internalization by decreasing cell surface levels of viral receptors and viral trafficking likely by modulating the actin cytoskeleton. IRE1α-dependent NUAK2 levels were elevated in SARS-CoV-2-infected and bystander non-infected cells, promoting viral spread by maintaining ACE2 cell surface levels and facilitating virion binding to bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhu Prasad
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Berati Cerikan
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Stahl
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kopp
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Magg
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Klein
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Haselmann
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Heigwer
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Life Science and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Josephine Bageritz
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Bitto
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Saruul Jargalsaikhan
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Neufeldt
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Pahmeier
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wilson ZN, West M, English AM, Odorizzi G, Hughes AL. Mitochondrial-Derived Compartments are Multilamellar Domains that Encase Membrane Cargo and Cytosol. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.07.548169. [PMID: 37461645 PMCID: PMC10350034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.548169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Preserving the health of the mitochondrial network is critical to cell viability and longevity. To do so, mitochondria employ several membrane remodeling mechanisms, including the formation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) and compartments (MDCs) to selectively remove portions of the organelle. In contrast to well-characterized MDVs, the distinguishing features of MDC formation and composition remain unclear. Here we used electron tomography to observe that MDCs form as large, multilamellar domains that generate concentric spherical compartments emerging from mitochondrial tubules at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of MDC biogenesis revealed that mitochondrial membrane extensions repeatedly elongate, coalesce, and invaginate to form these compartments that encase multiple layers of membrane. As such, MDCs strongly sequester portions of the outer mitochondrial membrane, securing membrane cargo into a protected domain, while also enclosing cytosolic material within the MDC lumen. Collectively, our results provide a model for MDC formation and describe key features that distinguish MDCs from other previously identified mitochondrial structures and cargo-sorting domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Alyssa M. English
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Adam L. Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Lead contact
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Bryce S, Stolzer M, Crosby D, Yang R, Durand D, Lee TH. Human atlastin-3 is a constitutive ER membrane fusion catalyst. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202211021. [PMID: 37102997 PMCID: PMC10140384 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Homotypic membrane fusion catalyzed by the atlastin (ATL) GTPase sustains the branched endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network in metazoans. Our recent discovery that two of the three human ATL paralogs (ATL1/2) are C-terminally autoinhibited implied that relief of autoinhibition would be integral to the ATL fusion mechanism. An alternative hypothesis is that the third paralog ATL3 promotes constitutive ER fusion with relief of ATL1/2 autoinhibition used conditionally. However, published studies suggest ATL3 is a weak fusogen at best. Contrary to expectations, we demonstrate here that purified human ATL3 catalyzes efficient membrane fusion in vitro and is sufficient to sustain the ER network in triple knockout cells. Strikingly, ATL3 lacks any detectable C-terminal autoinhibition, like the invertebrate Drosophila ATL ortholog. Phylogenetic analysis of ATL C-termini indicates that C-terminal autoinhibition is a recent evolutionary innovation. We suggest that ATL3 is a constitutive ER fusion catalyst and that ATL1/2 autoinhibition likely evolved in vertebrates as a means of upregulating ER fusion activity on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bryce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maureen Stolzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Crosby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ruijin Yang
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dannie Durand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina H. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Nguyen T, Mills JC, Cho CJ. The coordinated management of ribosome and translation during injury and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1186638. [PMID: 37427381 PMCID: PMC10325863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1186638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse acute and chronic injuries induce damage responses in the gastrointestinal (GI) system, and numerous cell types in the gastrointestinal tract demonstrate remarkable resilience, adaptability, and regenerative capacity in response to stress. Metaplasias, such as columnar and secretory cell metaplasia, are well-known adaptations that these cells make, the majority of which are epidemiologically associated with an elevated cancer risk. On a number of fronts, it is now being investigated how cells respond to injury at the tissue level, where diverse cell types that differ in proliferation capacity and differentiation state cooperate and compete with one another to participate in regeneration. In addition, the cascades or series of molecular responses that cells show are just beginning to be understood. Notably, the ribosome, a ribonucleoprotein complex that is essential for translation on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the cytoplasm, is recognized as the central organelle during this process. The highly regulated management of ribosomes as key translational machinery, and their platform, rough endoplasmic reticulum, are not only essential for maintaining differentiated cell identity, but also for achieving successful cell regeneration after injury. This review will cover in depth how ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and translation are regulated and managed in response to injury (e.g., paligenosis), as well as why this is essential for the proper adaptation of a cell to stress. For this, we will first discuss how multiple gastrointestinal organs respond to stress through metaplasia. Next, we will cover how ribosomes are generated, maintained, and degraded, in addition to the factors that govern translation. Finally, we will investigate how ribosomes and translation machinery are dynamically regulated in response to injury. Our increased understanding of this overlooked cell fate decision mechanism will facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal tract tumors, focusing on ribosomes and translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason C. Mills
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Charles J. Cho
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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37
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Fauzee YNBM, Yoshida Y, Kimata Y. Endoplasmic stress sensor Ire1 is involved in cytosolic/nuclear protein quality control in Pichia pastoris cells independent of HAC1. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157146. [PMID: 37415818 PMCID: PMC10321714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic species, dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), namely, ER stress, provokes a cytoprotective transcription program called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is triggered by transmembrane ER-stress sensors, including Ire1, which acts as an endoribonuclease to splice and mature the mRNA encoding the transcription factor Hac1 in many fungal species. Through analyses of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phaffii), we revealed a previously unknown function of Ire1. In P. pastoris cells, the IRE1 knockout mutation (ire1Δ) and HAC1 knockout mutation (hac1Δ) caused only partially overlapping gene expression changes. Protein aggregation and the heat shock response (HSR) were induced in ire1Δ cells but not in hac1Δ cells even under non-stress conditions. Moreover, Ire1 was further activated upon high-temperature culturing and conferred heat stress resistance to P. pastoris cells. Our findings cumulatively demonstrate an intriguing case in which the UPR machinery controls cytosolic protein folding status and the HSR, which is known to be activated upon the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the cytosol and/or nuclei.
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38
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Kucińska MK, Fedry J, Galli C, Morone D, Raimondi A, Soldà T, Förster F, Molinari M. TMX4-driven LINC complex disassembly and asymmetric autophagy of the nuclear envelope upon acute ER stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3497. [PMID: 37311770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle of nucleated cells that produces proteins, lipids and oligosaccharides. ER volume and activity are increased upon induction of unfolded protein responses (UPR) and are reduced upon activation of ER-phagy programs. A specialized domain of the ER, the nuclear envelope (NE), protects the cell genome with two juxtaposed lipid bilayers, the inner and outer nuclear membranes (INM and ONM) separated by the perinuclear space (PNS). Here we report that expansion of the mammalian ER upon homeostatic perturbations results in TMX4 reductase-driven disassembly of the LINC complexes connecting INM and ONM and in ONM swelling. The physiologic distance between ONM and INM is restored, upon resolution of the ER stress, by asymmetric autophagy of the NE, which involves the LC3 lipidation machinery, the autophagy receptor SEC62 and the direct capture of ONM-derived vesicles by degradative LAMP1/RAB7-positive endolysosomes in a catabolic pathway mechanistically defined as micro-ONM-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika K Kucińska
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Fedry
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmela Galli
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3000, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Xue X, Wu X, Liu L, Liu L, Zhu F. ERVW-1 Activates ATF6-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response by Decreasing GANAB in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia. Viruses 2023; 15:1298. [PMID: 37376599 DOI: 10.3390/v15061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a mental disorder, afflicts 1% of the worldwide population. The dysregulation of homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been implicated in schizophrenia. Moreover, recent studies indicate that ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are linked to this mental disorder. Our previous research has verified that endogenous retrovirus group W member 1 envelope (ERVW-1), a risk factor for schizophrenia, is elevated in individuals with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, no literature is available regarding the underlying relationship between ER stress and ERVW-1 in schizophrenia. The aim of our research was to investigate the molecular mechanism connecting ER stress and ERVW-1 in schizophrenia. Here, we employed Gene Differential Expression Analysis to predict differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the human prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients and identified aberrant expression of UPR-related genes. Subsequent research indicated that the UPR gene called XBP1 had a positive correlation with ATF6, BCL-2, and ERVW-1 in individuals with schizophrenia using Spearman correlation analysis. Furthermore, results from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested increased serum protein levels of ATF6 and XBP1 in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls, exhibiting a strong correlation with ERVW-1 using median analysis and Mann-Whitney U analysis. However, serum GANAB levels were decreased in schizophrenic patients compared with controls and showed a significant negative correlation with ERVW-1, ATF6, and XBP1 in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, in vitro experiments verified that ERVW-1 indeed increased ATF6 and XBP1 expression while decreasing GANAB expression. Additionally, the confocal microscope experiment suggested that ERVW-1 could impact the shape of the ER, leading to ER stress. GANAB was found to participate in ER stress regulated by ERVW-1. In conclusion, ERVW-1 induced ER stress by suppressing GANAB expression, thereby upregulating the expression of ATF6 and XBP1 and ultimately contributing to the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Massoudi D, Gorman S, Kuo YM, Iwawaki T, Oakes SA, Papa FR, Gould DB. Deletion of the Unfolded Protein Response Transducer IRE1α Is Detrimental to Aging Photoreceptors and to ER Stress-Mediated Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:30. [PMID: 37097227 PMCID: PMC10148664 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.4.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered when the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is overwhelmed and misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition referred to as ER stress. IRE1α is an ER-resident protein that plays major roles in orchestrating the UPR. Several lines of evidence implicate the UPR and its transducers in neurodegenerative diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a group of inherited diseases that cause progressive dysfunction and loss of rod and cone photoreceptors. This study evaluated the contribution of IRE1α to photoreceptor development, homeostasis, and degeneration. Methods We used a conditional gene targeting strategy to selectively inactivate Ire1α in mouse rod photoreceptors. We used a combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, histology, and electroretinography (ERG) to assess longitudinally the effect of IRE1α deficiency in retinal development and function. Furthermore, we evaluated the IRE1α-deficient retina responses to tunicamycin-induced ER stress and in the context of RP caused by the rhodopsin mutation RhoP23H. Results OCT imaging, histology, and ERG analyses did not reveal abnormalities in IRE1α-deficient retinas up to 3 months old. However, by 6 months of age, the Ire1α mutant animals showed reduced outer nuclear layer thickness and deficits in retinal function. Furthermore, conditional inactivation of Ire1α in rod photoreceptors accelerated retinal degeneration caused by the RhoP23H mutation. Conclusions These data suggest that IRE1α is dispensable for photoreceptor development but important for photoreceptor homeostasis in aging retinas and for protecting against ER stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawiyat Massoudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Seán Gorman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Yien-Ming Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Scott A Oakes
- Department of Pathology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Feroz R Papa
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Quantitative Biosciences Institute and Lung Biology Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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41
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Hou T, Zhao Y, Ma Z. The sphinganine C4-hydroxylase FgSur2 regulates sensitivity to azole antifungal agents and virulence of Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127347. [PMID: 36907072 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts consisting of ergosterol and sphingolipids in the lipid membrane of cells play important roles in various cellular processes. However, the functions of sphingolipids and their synthetic genes in phytopathogenic fungi have not been well understood yet. In this study, we conducted genome-wide searches and carried out systematic gene deletion analysis of the sphingolipid synthesis pathway in Fusarium graminearum, a causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat and other cereal crops worldwide. Mycelial growth assays showed that deletion of FgBAR1, FgLAC1, FgSUR2 or FgSCS7 resulted in markedly reduced hyphal growth. Fungicide sensitivity tests showed that the sphinganine C4-hydroxylase gene FgSUR2 deletion mutant (ΔFgSUR2) exhibited significantly increased susceptibility to azole fungicides. In addition, this mutant displayed a remarkable increase in cell membrane permeability. Importantly, ΔFgSUR2 was defective in deoxynivalenol (DON) toxisome formation, leading to dramatically decreased DON biosynthesis. Moreover, the deletion of FgSUR2 resulted in dramatically decreased virulence of the pathogen on host plants. Taken together, these results indicate that FgSUR2 plays an important role in regulating the susceptibility to azoles and virulence of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Abbonante V, Malara A, Chrisam M, Metti S, Soprano P, Semplicini C, Bello L, Bozzi V, Battiston M, Pecci A, Pegoraro E, De Marco L, Braghetta P, Bonaldo P, Balduini A. Lack of COL6/collagen VI causes megakaryocyte dysfunction by impairing autophagy and inducing apoptosis. Autophagy 2023; 19:984-999. [PMID: 35857791 PMCID: PMC9980446 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is an emerging significant player in the molecular pathology of connective tissue disorders. In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, cells can upregulate macroautophagy/autophagy, a fundamental cellular homeostatic process used by cells to degrade and recycle proteins or remove damaged organelles. In these scenarios, autophagy activation can support cell survival. Here we demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo approaches that megakaryocytes derived from col6a1-⁄- (collagen, type VI, alpha 1) null mice display increased intracellular retention of COL6 polypeptides, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. The unfolded protein response is activated in col6a1-⁄- megakaryocytes, as evidenced by the upregulation of molecular chaperones, by the increased splicing of Xbp1 mRNA and by the higher level of the pro-apoptotic regulator DDIT3/CHOP. Despite the endoplasmic reticulum stress, basal autophagy is impaired in col6a1-⁄- megakaryocytes, which show lower BECN1 levels and reduced autophagosome maturation. Starvation and rapamycin treatment rescue the autophagic flux in col6a1-⁄- megakaryocytes, leading to a decrease in intracellular COL6 polypeptide retention, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, megakaryocytes cultured from peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors of patients affected by Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, two COL6-related disorders, displayed increased apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired autophagy. These data demonstrate that genetic disorders of collagens, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy regulation in megakaryocytes may be interrelated.Abbreviations: 7-AAD: 7-amino-actinomycin D; ATF: activating transcriptional factor; BAX: BCL2 associated X protein; BCL2: B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2; BCL2L1/Bcl-xL: BCL2-like 1; BM: bone marrow; COL6: collagen, type VI; col6a1-⁄-: mice that are null for Col6a1; DDIT3/CHOP/GADD153: DNA-damage inducible transcript 3; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; reticulophagy: endoplasmic reticulum-selective autophagy; HSPA5/Bip: heat shock protein 5; HSP90B1/GRP94: heat shock protein 90, beta (Grp94), member 1; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Mk: megakaryocytes; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NIMV: noninvasive mechanical ventilation; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PPP1R15A/GADD34: protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15A; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SERPINH1/HSP47: serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1; sh-RNA: short hairpin RNA; SOCE: store operated calcium entry; UCMD: Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy; UPR: unfolded protein response; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide-interacting 2; WT: wild type; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Abbonante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry-Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry-Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Chrisam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuele Metti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Soprano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry-Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Valeria Bozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Battiston
- Department of Translational Research, Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi De Marco
- Department of Translational Research, Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, SCRIPPS Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry-Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Qiu S, Blank LM. Recent Advances in Yeast Recombinant Biosynthesis of the Triterpenoid Protopanaxadiol and Glycosylated Derivatives Thereof. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:2197-2210. [PMID: 36696911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products are a seemingly endless resource for novel chemical structures. However, their extraction often results in high prices, fluctuation in both quantity and quality, and negative environmental impact. The latter might result from the extraction procedure but more often from the high amount of plant biomass required. With the advent of synthetic biology, producing natural plant products in large quantities using yeasts as hosts has become possible. Here, we focus on the recent advances in metabolic engineering of the yeasts species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica for the synthesis of ginsenoside triterpenoids, namely, dammarenediol-II, protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, compound K, ginsenoside Rh1, ginsenoside Rh2, ginsenoside Rg3, and ginsenoside F1. A discussion is provided on advanced synthetic biology, bioprocess strategies, and current challenges for the biosynthesis of ginsenoside triterpenoids. Finally, future directions in metabolic and process engineering are summarized and may help reify sustainable ginsenoside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Qiu
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
As the largest family of natural products, terpenoids play valuable roles in medicine, agriculture, cosmetics and food. However, the traditional methods that rely on direct extraction from the original plants not only produce low yields, but also result in waste of resources, and are not applicable at all to endangered species. Modern heterologous biosynthesis is considered a promising, efficient, and sustainable production method, but it relies on the premise of a complete analysis of the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids, especially the functionalization processes involving downstream cytochrome P450s. In this review, we systematically introduce the biotech approaches used to discover and characterize plant terpenoid-related P450s in recent years. In addition, we propose corresponding metabolic engineering approaches to increase the effective expression of P450 and improve the yield of terpenoids, and also elaborate on metabolic engineering strategies and examples of heterologous biosynthesis of terpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant hosts. Finally, we provide perspectives for the biotech approaches to be developed for future research on terpenoid-related P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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45
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Arruda AP, Parlakgül G. Endoplasmic Reticulum Architecture and Inter-Organelle Communication in Metabolic Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:cshperspect.a041261. [PMID: 35940911 PMCID: PMC9899651 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, proteostasis, Ca2+ signaling, and detoxification. The structural organization of the ER is very dynamic and complex, with distinct subdomains such as the nuclear envelope and the peripheral ER organized into ER sheets and tubules. ER also forms physical contact sites with all other cellular organelles and with the plasma membrane. Both form and function of the ER are highly adaptive, with a potent capacity to respond to transient changes in environmental cues such as nutritional fluctuations. However, under obesity-induced chronic stress, the ER fails to adapt, leading to ER dysfunction and the development of metabolic pathologies such as insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Here, we discuss how the remodeling of ER structure and contact sites with other organelles results in diversification of metabolic function and how perturbations to this structural flexibility by chronic overnutrition contribute to ER dysfunction and metabolic pathologies in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Arruda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Güneş Parlakgül
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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46
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Aboufares El Alaoui A, Buhl E, Galizia S, Hodge JJL, de Vivo L, Bellesi M. Increased interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria following sleep deprivation. BMC Biol 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 36600217 PMCID: PMC9814192 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged cellular activity may overload cell function, leading to high rates of protein synthesis and accumulation of misfolded or unassembled proteins, which cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish normal protein homeostasis. Previous molecular work has demonstrated that sleep deprivation (SD) leads to ER stress in neurons, with a number of ER-specific proteins being upregulated to maintain optimal cellular proteostasis. It is still not clear which cellular processes activated by sleep deprivation lead to ER- stress, but increased cellular metabolism, higher request for protein synthesis, and over production of oxygen radicals have been proposed as potential contributing factors. Here, we investigate the transcriptional and ultrastructural ER and mitochondrial modifications induced by sleep loss. RESULTS We used gene expression analysis in mouse forebrains to show that SD was associated with significant transcriptional modifications of genes involved in ER stress but also in ER-mitochondria interaction, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial respiratory activity. Using electron microscopy, we also showed that SD was associated with a general increase in the density of ER cisternae in pyramidal neurons of the motor cortex. Moreover, ER cisternae established new contact sites with mitochondria, the so-called mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), important hubs for molecule shuttling, such as calcium and lipids, and for the modulation of ATP production and redox state. Finally, we demonstrated that Drosophila male mutant flies (elav > linker), in which the number of MAMs had been genetically increased, showed a reduction in the amount and consolidation of sleep without alterations in the homeostatic sleep response to SD. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that sleep loss induces ER stress characterized by increased crosstalk between ER and mitochondria. MAMs formation associated with SD could represent a key phenomenon for the modulation of multiple cellular processes that ensure appropriate responses to increased cell metabolism. In addition, MAMs establishment may play a role in the regulation of sleep under baseline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aboufares El Alaoui
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy ,grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Edgar Buhl
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sabrina Galizia
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James J. L. Hodge
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Bellesi
- grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Lara-Barba E, Torán-Vilarrubias A, Moriel-Carretero M. An Expansion of the Endoplasmic Reticulum that Halts Autophagy is Permissive to Genome Instability. Contact (Thousand Oaks) 2023; 6:25152564231157706. [PMID: 37366415 PMCID: PMC10243512 DOI: 10.1177/25152564231157706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The links between autophagy and genome stability, and whether they are important for lifespan and health, are not fully understood. We undertook a study to explore this notion at the molecular level using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the one hand, we triggered autophagy using rapamycin, to which we exposed mutants defective in preserving genome integrity, then assessed their viability, their ability to induce autophagy and the link between these two parameters. On the other hand, we searched for molecules derived from plant extracts known to have powerful benefits on human health to try to rescue the negative effects rapamycin had against some of these mutants. We uncover that autophagy execution is lethal for mutants unable to repair DNA double strand breaks, while the extract from Silybum marianum seeds induces an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that blocks autophagy and protects them. Our data uncover a connection between genome integrity and homeostasis of the ER whereby ER stress-like scenarios render cells tolerant to sub-optimal genome integrity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Lara-Barba
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Montpellier, France
| | - Alba Torán-Vilarrubias
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Montpellier, France
| | - María Moriel-Carretero
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de
Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Montpellier, France
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Liu T, Li W, Chen H, Wu T, Zhu C, Zhuo M, Li S. Systematic Optimization of HPO-CPR to Boost (+)-Nootkatone Synthesis in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:15548-15559. [PMID: 36468547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an important and expensive natural sesquiterpene compound in grapefruit, the interest in (+)-nootkatone is stimulated by its strong grapefruit-like odor and physiological activities, which induce efforts for its microbial production. However, the low catalytic efficiency of the cytochrome P450-P450 reductase (HPO-CPR) system is the main challenge. We developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) method using the principle of the color reaction between carbonyl compounds and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), which could rapidly screen the activity of candidate HPO mutants. After optimizing the pairing of HPO and CPR and through semirational design, the optimal mutant HPO_M18 with catalytic performance 2.54 times that of the initial was obtained. An encouraging (+)-nootkatone titer of 2.39 g/L was achieved through two-stage fed-batch fermentation after metabolic engineering and endoplasmic reticulum engineering, representing the highest titer reported to date. Our findings lay the foundation for the development of an economically viable bioprocess for (+)-nootkatone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hefeng Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Li J, Zhao B, Chen S, Wang Z, Shi K, Lei B, Cao C, Ke Z, Wang R. Downhill running induced DNA damage enhances mitochondrial membrane permeability by facilitating ER-mitochondria signaling. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2022; 43:185-193. [PMID: 36350502 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To observe whether downhill running can lead to DNA damage in skeletal muscle cells and changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and to explore whether the DNA damage caused by downhill running can lead to changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability by regulating the components of the endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial coupling structure (MAM). A total of 48 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (C, n = 8) and a motor group (E, n = 40). Rats in Group E were further divided into 0 h (E0), 12 h (E12), 24 h (E24), 48 h (E48) and 72 h (E72) after prescribed exercise, with 8 rats in each group. At each time point, flounder muscle was collected under general anaesthesia. The DNA oxidative damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of the DNA damage-related protein p53 in the nucleus and the EI24 protein and reep1 protein in whole cells were detected by Western blot. The colocalization coefficients of the endoplasmic reticulum protein EI24 and the mitochondrial protein Vdac2 were determined by immunofluorescence double staining, and the concentration of Ca2+ in skeletal muscle mitochondria was detected by a fluorescent probe. Finally, the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) was detected by immunofluorescence. Twelve hours after downhill running, the mitochondrial membrane permeability of the mPTP opened the most (P < 0.05), the content of 8-OHdG in skeletal muscle peaked (P < 0.05), and the levels of the regulatory protein p53, mitochondrial Ca2+, and the EI24 and reep1 proteins peaked (P < 0.01). Moreover, the colocalization coefficients of EI24 and Vdac2 and the Mandes coefficients of the two proteins increased first and then recovered 72 h after exercise (P < 0.05). (1) Downhill running can lead to DNA damage in skeletal muscle cells, overload of mitochondrial Ca2+ and large opening of membrane permeability transformation pores. (2) The DNA damage caused by downhill running may result in p53 promoting the transcriptional activation of reep1 and EI24, enhancing the interaction between EI24 and Vdac2, and then leading to an increase in Ca2+ in skeletal muscle mitochondria and the opening of membrane permeability transition pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Li
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health of Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Sport University, Room 314, Teaching Laboratory Building, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Binting Zhao
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengju Chen
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Binkai Lei
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Cao
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Ke
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyuan Wang
- School of Human Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Shulyatnikova T, Tumanskyi V, Hayden MR. Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and acute liver failure are associated with severe endogenous intoxication. Microglia, which are the resident immune brain cells, play diverse roles in central nervous system development, surveillance, and defense, as well as contributing to neuroinflammatory reactions. In particular, microglia are fundamental to the pathophysiology of reactive toxic encephalopathies. We analyzed microglial ultrastructure, morphotypes, and phagocytosis in the sensorimotor cortex of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and acetaminophen-induced liver failure (AILF) Wistar rats. A CLP model induced a gradual shift of ~50% of surveillant microglia to amoeboid hypertrophic-like and gitter cell-like reactive phenotypes with active phagocytosis and frequent contacts with damaged neurons. In contrast, AILF microglia exhibited amoeboid, rod-like, and hypertrophic-like reactive morphotypes with minimal indications for efficient phagocytosis, and were mostly in contact with edematous astrocytes. Close interactions of reactive microglia with neurons, astrocytes, and blood-brain barrier components reflect an active contribution of these cells to the tissue adaptation and cellular remodeling to toxic brain damage. Partial disability of reactive microglia may affect the integrity and metabolism in all tissue compartments, leading to failure of the compensatory mechanisms in acute endogenous toxic encephalopathies.
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