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Deboever N, Ostrin EJ, Antonoff MB. Liquid Biopsy as an Adjunct to Lung Screening Imaging. Thorac Surg Clin 2023; 33:411-419. [PMID: 37806743 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Current lung cancer screening protocols use low-dose computed tomography scans in selected high-risk individuals. Unfortunately, utilization is low, and the rate of false-positive screens is high. Peripheral biomarkers carry meaningful promise in diagnosing and monitoring cancer with added potential advantages reducing invasive procedures and improving turnaround time. Herein, the use of such blood-based assays is considered as an adjunct to further utilization and accuracy of lung cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Deboever
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Jing K, Zhao H, Cai J, Chen L, Zheng P, Ouyang L, Li G, Wang R. The presence of autoantibodies is associated with improved overall survival in lung cancer patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1234847. [PMID: 37799460 PMCID: PMC10547871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1234847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Autoantibodies have been reported to be associated with cancers. As a biomarker, autoantibodies have been widely used in the early screening of lung cancer. However, the correlation between autoantibodies and the prognosis of lung cancer patients is poorly understood, especially in the Asian population. This retrospective study investigated the association between the presence of autoantibodies and outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 264 patients diagnosed with lung cancer were tested for autoantibodies in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to June 2022. The general clinical data of these patients were collected, and after screening out those who met the exclusion criteria, 151 patients were finally included in the study. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the effect of autoantibodies on the outcomes of patients with lung cancer. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the relationship between autoantibodies and the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Results Compared to lung cancer patients without autoantibodies, those with autoantibodies had an associated reduced risk of death (HRs: 0.45, 95% CIs 0.27~0.77), independent of gender, age, smoking history, pathological type, and pathological stage of lung cancer. Additionally, the association was found to be more significant by subgroup analysis in male patients, younger patients, and patients with small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, lung cancer patients with autoantibodies had significantly longer survival time than those without autoantibodies. Conclusion The presence of autoantibodies is an independent indicator of good prognosis in patients with lung cancer, providing a new biomarker for prognostic evaluation in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Jing
- Henan University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Henan University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lianlian Chen
- Henan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peiming Zheng
- Henan University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Libo Ouyang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Henan University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Feng X, Wu WYY, Onwuka JU, Haider Z, Alcala K, Smith-Byrne K, Zahed H, Guida F, Wang R, Bassett JK, Stevens V, Wang Y, Weinstein S, Freedman ND, Chen C, Tinker L, Nøst TH, Koh WP, Muller D, Colorado-Yohar SM, Tumino R, Hung RJ, Amos CI, Lin X, Zhang X, Arslan AA, Sánchez MJ, Sørgjerd EP, Severi G, Hveem K, Brennan P, Langhammer A, Milne RL, Yuan JM, Melin B, Johansson M, Robbins HA, Johansson M. Lung cancer risk discrimination of prediagnostic proteomics measurements compared with existing prediction tools. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1050-1059. [PMID: 37260165 PMCID: PMC10483263 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to develop a proteomics-based risk model for lung cancer and evaluate its risk-discriminatory performance in comparison with a smoking-based risk model (PLCOm2012) and a commercially available autoantibody biomarker test. METHODS We designed a case-control study nested in 6 prospective cohorts, including 624 lung cancer participants who donated blood samples at most 3 years prior to lung cancer diagnosis and 624 smoking-matched cancer free participants who were assayed for 302 proteins. We used 470 case-control pairs from 4 cohorts to select proteins and train a protein-based risk model. We subsequently used 154 case-control pairs from 2 cohorts to compare the risk-discriminatory performance of the protein-based model with that of the Early Cancer Detection Test (EarlyCDT)-Lung and the PLCOm2012 model using receiver operating characteristics analysis and by estimating models' sensitivity. All tests were 2-sided. RESULTS The area under the curve for the protein-based risk model in the validation sample was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70 to 0.81) compared with 0.64 (95% CI = 0.57 to 0.70) for the PLCOm2012 model (Pdifference = .001). The EarlyCDT-Lung had a sensitivity of 14% (95% CI = 8.2% to 19%) and a specificity of 86% (95% CI = 81% to 92%) for incident lung cancer. At the same specificity of 86%, the sensitivity for the protein-based risk model was estimated at 49% (95% CI = 41% to 57%) and 30% (95% CI = 23% to 37%) for the PLCOm2012 model. CONCLUSION Circulating proteins showed promise in predicting incident lung cancer and outperformed a standard risk prediction model and the commercialized EarlyCDT-Lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Feng
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Wendy Yi-Ying Wu
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Karine Alcala
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hana Zahed
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Guida
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria Stevens
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Muller
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Sandra M Colorado-Yohar
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ib, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Qiu C, Wang X, Batson SA, Wang B, Casiano CA, Francia G, Zhang JY. A Luminex Approach to Develop an Anti-Tumor-Associated Antigen Autoantibody Panel for the Detection of Prostate Cancer in Racially/Ethnically Diverse Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4064. [PMID: 37627091 PMCID: PMC10452333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have emerged as promising cancer biomarkers. Luminex technology offers a powerful approach for the simultaneous detection of multiple anti-TAA autoantibodies. (2) Methods: We aimed to utilize Luminex technology to evaluate and optimize a panel of anti-TAAs autoantibodies for detecting prostate cancer (PCa), which included autoantibodies to fourteen TAAs. A total of 163 serum samples (91 PCa, 72 normal controls) were screened to determine the levels of the autoantibodies using the Luminex assay. (3) Results: Twelve autoantibodies exhibited significantly high frequencies ranging from 19.8% to 51.6% in the PCa group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.609 to 0.868 for the twelve autoantibodies individually. We further confirmed the performance of the HSP60 autoantibody by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a larger sample comprising 200 PCa sera, 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) sera, and 137 normal control sera. The results obtained from the Luminex assay were consistent with the ELISA findings. We developed a panel consisting of three autoantibodies (p16, IMP2, and HSP60) which achieved an impressive AUC of 0.910 with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 95.8%. The panel was also evaluated in PCa patients from different races/ethnicities with the best performance observed in distinguishing the Hispanic American patients with PCa from normal controls. (4) Conclusions: We developed an anti-TAA autoantibody panel for the detection of PCa that exhibits promising performance. This panel holds significant potential as a high-throughput tool to facilitate PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuipeng Qiu
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.Q.); (X.W.); (S.A.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.Q.); (X.W.); (S.A.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Serina A. Batson
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.Q.); (X.W.); (S.A.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Bofei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.Q.); (X.W.); (S.A.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Giulio Francia
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.Q.); (X.W.); (S.A.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.Q.); (X.W.); (S.A.B.); (B.W.)
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5
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Wu WYY, Haider Z, Feng X, Heath AK, Tjønneland A, Agudo A, Masala G, Robbins HA, Huerta MJ, Guevara M, Schulze MB, Rodriguez-Barranco M, Vineis P, Tumino R, Kaaks R, Fortner RT, Sieri S, Panico S, Nøst TH, Sandanger TM, Braaten T, Johansson M, Melin B, Johansson M. Assessment of the EarlyCDT-Lung test as an early biomarker of lung cancer in ever-smokers: A retrospective nested case-control study in two prospective cohorts. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2002-2010. [PMID: 36305647 PMCID: PMC10157531 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The EarlyCDT-Lung test is a blood-based autoantibody assay intended to identify high-risk individuals for low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the performance of the EarlyCDT-Lung test in ever-smokers. We conducted a nested case-control study within two prospective cohorts to evaluate the risk-discriminatory performance of the EarlyCDT-Lung test using prediagnostic blood samples from 154 future lung cancer cases and 154 matched controls. Cases were selected from those who had ever smoked and had a prediagnostic blood sample <3 years prior to diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between EarlyCDT-Lung test results and lung cancer risk. Sensitivity and specificity of the EarlyCDT-Lung test were calculated in all subjects and subgroups based on age, smoking history, lung cancer stage, sample collection time before diagnosis and year of sample collection. The overall lung cancer odds ratios were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.34-2.30) for a moderate risk EarlyCDT-Lung test result and 1.09 (95% CI: 0.48-2.47) for a high-risk test result compared to no significant test result. The overall sensitivity was 8.4% (95% CI: 4.6-14) and overall specificity was 92% (95% CI: 87-96) when considering a high-risk result as positive. Stratified analysis indicated higher sensitivity (17%, 95% CI: 7.2-32.1) in subjects with blood drawn up to 1 year prior to diagnosis. In conclusion, our study does not support a role of the EarlyCDT-Lung test in identifying the high-risk subjects in ever-smokers for lung cancer screening in the EPIC and NSHDS cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Yi-Ying Wu
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alicia K. Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Cancer and Health, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Nutrition and Cancer Group; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network (ISPRO) Florence, Italy
| | - Hilary A. Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - María-José Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa, Italy
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renée T. Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano Via Venezian, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II Universioty, Naples, Italy
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M. Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Casagrande GMS, Silva MO, Reis RM, Leal LF. Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: Up-to-Date and Perspectives for Screening Programs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Tissue biopsy is currently employed for the diagnosis and molecular stratification of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach to determine biomarkers from body fluids, such as blood, urine, sputum, and saliva. Tumor cells release cfDNA, ctDNA, exosomes, miRNAs, circRNAs, CTCs, and DNA methylated fragments, among others, which can be successfully used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. Predictive biomarkers are well-established for managing lung cancer, and liquid biopsy options have emerged in the last few years. Currently, detecting EGFR p.(Tyr790Met) mutation in plasma samples from lung cancer patients has been used for predicting response and monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi)-treated patients with lung cancer. In addition, many efforts continue to bring more sensitive technologies to improve the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers for lung cancer. Moreover, liquid biopsy can dramatically decrease the turnaround time for laboratory reports, accelerating the beginning of treatment and improving the overall survival of lung cancer patients. Herein, we summarized all available and emerging approaches of liquid biopsy-techniques, molecules, and sample type-for lung cancer.
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Duarte A, Corbett M, Melton H, Harden M, Palmer S, Soares M, Simmonds M. EarlyCDT Lung blood test for risk classification of solid pulmonary nodules: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2022; 26:1-184. [PMID: 36534989 PMCID: PMC9791464 DOI: 10.3310/ijfm4802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EarlyCDT Lung (Oncimmune Holdings plc, Nottingham, UK) is a blood test to assess malignancy risk in people with solid pulmonary nodules. It measures the presence of seven lung cancer-associated autoantibodies. Elevated levels of these autoantibodies may indicate malignant disease. The results of the test might be used to modify the risk of malignancy estimated by existing risk calculators, including the Brock and Herder models. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to determine the diagnostic accuracy, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of EarlyCDT Lung; and to develop a conceptual model and identify evidence requirements for a robust cost-effectiveness analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (including Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Citation Index, EconLit, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment database, NHS Economic Evaluation Database ( NHS EED ) and the international Health Technology Assessment database were searched on 8 March 2021. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review was performed of evidence on EarlyCDT Lung, including diagnostic accuracy, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Study quality was assessed with the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 tool. Evidence on other components of the pulmonary nodule diagnostic pathway (computerised tomography surveillance, Brock risk, Herder risk, positron emission tomography-computerised tomography and biopsy) was also reviewed. When feasible, bivariate meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy were performed. Clinical outcomes were synthesised narratively. A simulation study investigated the clinical impact of using EarlyCDT Lung. Additional reviews of cost-effectiveness studies evaluated (1) other diagnostic strategies for lung cancer and (2) screening approaches for lung cancer. A conceptual model was developed. RESULTS A total of 47 clinical publications on EarlyCDT Lung were identified, but only five cohorts (695 patients) reported diagnostic accuracy data on patients with pulmonary nodules. All cohorts were small or at high risk of bias. EarlyCDT Lung on its own was found to have poor diagnostic accuracy, with a summary sensitivity of 20.2% (95% confidence interval 10.5% to 35.5%) and specificity of 92.2% (95% confidence interval 86.2% to 95.8%). This sensitivity was substantially lower than that estimated by the manufacturer (41.3%). No evidence on the clinical impact of EarlyCDT Lung was identified. The simulation study suggested that EarlyCDT Lung might potentially have some benefit when considering intermediate risk nodules (10-70% risk) after Herder risk analysis. Two cost-effectiveness studies on EarlyCDT Lung for pulmonary nodules were identified; none was considered suitable to inform the current decision problem. The conceptualisation process identified three core components for a future cost-effectiveness assessment of EarlyCDT Lung: (1) the features of the subpopulations and relevant heterogeneity, (2) the way EarlyCDT Lung test results affect subsequent clinical management decisions and (3) how changes in these decisions can affect outcomes. All reviewed studies linked earlier diagnosis to stage progression and stage shift to final outcomes, but evidence on these components was sparse. LIMITATIONS The evidence on EarlyCDT Lung among patients with pulmonary nodules was very limited, preventing meta-analyses and economic analyses. CONCLUSIONS The evidence on EarlyCDT Lung among patients with pulmonary nodules is insufficient to draw any firm conclusions as to its diagnostic accuracy or clinical or economic value. FUTURE WORK Prospective cohort studies, in which EarlyCDT Lung is used among patients with identified pulmonary nodules, are required to support a future assessment of the clinical and economic value of this test. Studies should investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of EarlyCDT Lung in combination with Brock and Herder risk assessments. A well-designed cost-effectiveness study is also required, integrating emerging relevant evidence with the recommendations in this report. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42021242248. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 49. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Duarte
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York UK
| | - Mark Corbett
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York UK
| | - Hollie Melton
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York UK
| | - Melissa Harden
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York UK
| | - Stephen Palmer
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York UK
| | - Marta Soares
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York UK
| | - Mark Simmonds
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York UK
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He T, Wu Z, Xia P, Wang W, Sun H, Yu L, Lv W, Hu J. The combination of a seven-autoantibody panel with computed tomography scanning can enhance the diagnostic efficiency of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1047019. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1047019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still of concern in differentiating it from benign disease. This study aims to validate the diagnostic efficacy of a novel seven-autoantibody (7-AAB) panel for the diagnosis of NSCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 2650 patients who underwent both the 7-AAB panel test and CT scanning. We compared the sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of 7-AAB, CT, and PET-CT in the diagnosis of NSCLC in different subgroups. Then, we established a nomogram based on CT image features and the 7-AAB panel to further improve diagnostic efficiency. Moreover, we compared the pathological and molecular results of NSCLC patients in the 7-AABs positive group and the negative group to verify the prognostic value of the 7-AAB panel.ResultsThe strategy of a “both-positive rule” combination of 7-AABs and CT had a specificity of 95.4% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.8%, significantly higher than those of CT or PET-CT used alone (P<0.05). The nomogram we established has passed the calibration test (P=0.987>0.05) with an AUC of 0.791. Interestingly, it was found that the 7-AABs positive group was associated with higher proportion of EGFR mutations (P<0.001), lower pathological differentiation degrees (P=0.018), more advanced pathological stages (P=0.040) and higher Ki-67 indexes (P=0.011) in patients with adenocarcinoma.ConclusionThis study shows that combination of a 7-AAB panel with CT has can significantly enhance the diagnostic efficiency of lung cancer. Moreover, the 7-AAB panel also has potential prognostic value and has reference significance for the formulation of the treatment plan.
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9
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Chen H, Lai X, Zhu Y, Huang H, Zeng L, Zhang L. Quantitative proteomics identified circulating biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:44. [PMID: 36404333 PMCID: PMC9677906 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is a common malignant tumor with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Early LC could be cured, but the 5-year-survival rate for patients advanced is extremely low. Early screening of tumor biomarkers through plasma could allow more LC to be detected at an early stage, leading to a earlier treatment and a better prognosis. METHODS This study was based on total proteomic analysis and parallel reaction monitoring validation of peripheral blood from 20 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 20 healthy individuals. Furthermore, differentially expressed proteins closely related to prognosis were analysed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The candidate proteins GAPDH and RAC1 showed the highest connectivity with other differentially expressed proteins between the lung adenocarcinoma group and the healthy group using STRING. Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis showed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive ATCR2, FHL1, RAB27B, and RAP1B expression had observably longer overall survival than patients with negative expression (P < 0.05). The high expression of ARPC2, PFKP, PNP, RAC1 was observably negatively correlated with prognosis (P < 0.05). 17 out of 27 proteins showed a high area under the curve (> 0.80) between the lung adenocarcinoma and healthy plasma groups. Among those proteins, UQCRC1 had an area under the curve of 0.960, and 5 proteins had an area under the curve from 0.90 to 0.95, suggesting that these hub proteins might have discriminatory potential in lung adenocarcinoma, P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide UQCRC1, GAPDH, RAC1, PFKP have potential as novel biomarkers for the early screening of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoqin Lai
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Day Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hong Huang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Lingyan Zeng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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10
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Belousov PV. The Autoantibodies against Tumor-Associated Antigens as Potential Blood-Based Biomarkers in Thyroid Neoplasia: Rationales, Opportunities and Challenges. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020468. [PMID: 35203677 PMCID: PMC8962333 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Autoantibodies targeting Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA-AAbs) emerge as a result of a variety of tumor-related immunogenic stimuli and may be regarded as the eyewitnesses to the anti-tumor immune response. TAA-AAbs may be readily detected in peripheral blood to unveil the presence of a particular TAA-expressing tumor, and a fair number of TAAs eliciting the tumor-associated autoantibody response have been identified. The potential of TAA-AAbs as tumor biomarkers has been extensively studied in many human malignancies with a major influence on public health; however, tumors of the endocrine system, and, in particular, the well-differentiated follicular cell-derived thyroid neoplasms, remain understudied in this context. This review provides a detailed perspective on and legitimate rationales for the potential use of TAA-AAbs in thyroid neoplasia, with particular reference to the already established diagnostic implications of the TAA-AAbs in human cancer, to the windows for improvement and diagnostic niches in the current workup strategies in nodular thyroid disease and differentiated thyroid cancer that TAA-AAbs may successfully occupy, as well as to the proof-of-concept studies demonstrating the usefulness of TAA-AAbs in thyroid oncology, particularly for the pre-surgical discrimination between tumors of different malignant potential in the context of the indeterminate results of the fine-needle aspiration cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Belousov
- National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117036 Moscow, Russia; or
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Sullivan FM, Tello A, Rauchhaus P, Santiago VH, Daly F. Assessment of background levels of autoantibodies as a prognostic marker for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Circ Biomark 2022; 11:24-7. [PMID: 35517714 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2022.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with more severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit activation of immunological cascades. Participants (current or ex-smokers with at least 20 years pack history) in a trial (Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer, Scotland [ECLS]) of autoantibody detection to predict lung cancer risk had seven autoantibodies measured 5 years before the pandemic. This study compared the response to Covid infection in study participants who tested positive and negative to antibodies to tumour-associated antigens: p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, HuD, MAGE A4 and SOX2. Methods: Autoantibody data from the ECLS study was deterministically linked to the EAVE II database, a national, real-time prospective cohort using Scotland’s health data infrastructure, to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, patterns of healthcare use and outcomes. The strength of associations was explored using a network algorithm for exact contingency table significance testing by permutation. Results: There were no significant differences discerned between SARS-CoV-2 test results and EarlyCDT-Lung test results (p = 0.734). An additional analysis of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions detected no significant differences between those who tested positive and negative. Subgroup analyses showed no difference in COVID-19 positivity or death rates amongst those diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with positive and negative EarlyCDT results. Conclusions: This hypothesis-generating study demonstrated no clinically valuable or statistically significant associations between EarlyCDT positivity in 2013-15 and the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in 2020, ICU admission or death in all participants (current or ex-smokers with at least 20 years pack history) or in those with COPD or lung cancer.
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12
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Lázár J, Kovács A, Tornyi I, Takács L, Kurucz I. Detection of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1-containing immunocomplexes in the plasma of lung cancer patients with epitope-specific mAbs. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:113-122. [PMID: 34744074 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With the expectation of improved survival, tremendous efforts and resources have been invested in the discovery of specific biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Several investigators have reported the presence of cancer-associated autoantibodies in the plasma or serum of lung cancer patients. Previously, we used a monoclonal-antibody proteomics technology platform for the discovery of novel lung cancer-associated proteins. OBJECTIVE The identification of specific protein epitopes associated with various cancers is a promising method in biomarker discovery. Here, in a preliminary study, we aimed to detect autoantibody-leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) immunocomplexes using epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). METHODS We performed sandwich ELISA assays using the LRG1 epitope-specific capture mAbs, Bsi0352 and Bsi0392, and an IgG-specific polyclonal antibody coupled to a reporter system as the detection reagent. We tested the plasma of lung-cancer patients and apparently healthy controls. RESULTS Depending on the epitope specificity of the capture monoclonal mAb, we were either unable to distinguish the control from LC-groups or showed a higher level of LRG1 and IgG autoantibody containing immunocomplexes in the plasma of non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer subgroups of lung cancer patients than in the plasma of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underline the importance of protein epitope-specific antibody targeted approaches in biomarker research, as this may increase the accuracy of previously described tests, which will need further validation in large clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Lázár
- Biosystems International Kft., Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Ilona Tornyi
- Biosystems International Kft., Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Takács
- Biosystems International Kft., Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Abstract
An in-depth understanding of lung cancer biology and mechanisms of tumor progression has facilitated significant advances in the treatment of lung cancer. There remains a pressing need for the development of innovative approaches to detect and intercept lung cancer at its earliest stage of development. Recent advances in genomics, computational biology, and innovative technologies offer unique opportunities to identify the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment associated with early-stage lung carcinogenesis, and provide further insight in the mechanism of lung cancer evolution. This review will highlight the concept of immunoediting and focus on recent studies assessing immune changes and biomarkers in pulmonary premalignancy and early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. A protumor immune response hallmarked by an increase in checkpoint inhibition and inhibitory immune cells and a simultaneous reduction in antitumor immune response have been correlated with tumor progression. The potential systemic biomarkers associated with early lung cancer will be highlighted along with current clinical efforts for lung cancer interception. Research focusing on the development of novel strategies for cancer interception prior to the progression to advanced stages will potentially lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of lung cancer and have a major impact on clinical outcomes.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Lim
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Akhtar J, Priya R, Jain V, Sakhuja P, Agarwal AK, Goyal S, Polisetty RV, Sirdeshmukh R, Kar S, Gautam P. Immunoproteomics approach revealed elevated autoantibody levels against ANXA1 in early stage gallbladder carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1175. [PMID: 33261560 PMCID: PMC7709428 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis is important for the timely treatment of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) patients and may lead to increased survival outcomes. Here, we have applied serological proteome analysis (SERPA), an immunoproteomics approach, for the detection of ‘tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that elicit humoral response’ in early stage GBC patients. Methods Total protein from pooled tumor tissue of GBC patients (n = 7) was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by immunoblotting using pooled blood plasma from healthy volunteers (n = 11) or gallstone disease (GSD) cases (n = 11) or early stage GBC (Stage I and II) (n = 5) or GBC stage IIIA (n = 9). 2-D gel and immunoblot images were acquired and analyzed using PDQuest software to identify immunoreactive spots in GBC cases in comparison to controls. Proteins from immunoreactive spots were identified by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometric analysis (LC-MS/MS). Autoantibody levels for two of the functionally relevant proteins were investigated in individual plasma samples (52 cases and 89 controls) by dot blot assay using recombinant proteins. Results Image analysis using PDQuest software identified 25 protein spots with significantly high or specific immunoreactivity in GBC cases. Mass spectrometric analysis of 8 corresponding protein spots showing intense immunoreactivity (based on densitometric analysis) in early stage GBC or GBC stage IIIA cases led to the identification of 27 proteins. Some of the identified proteins include ANXA1, HSPD1, CA1, CA2, ALDOA and CTSD. Among the two proteins, namely ANXA1 and HSPD1 verified using a cohort of samples, significantly elevated autoantibody levels against ANXA1 were observed in early stage GBC cases in comparison to healthy volunteers or GSD cases (unpaired t-test, p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for ANXA1 showed an Area under the Curve (AUC) of 0.69, with 41.7% sensitivity against a specificity of 89.9% for early stage GBC. IHC analysis for ANXA1 protein showed ‘high’ expression levels in 72% of GBC cases whereas all the controls showed ‘low’ expression levels. Conclusions The study suggests that the ANXA1 autoantibody levels against ANXA1 may be potentially employed for early stage detection of GBC patients. Other proteins could also be explored and verified in a large cohort of clinical samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07676-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Akhtar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Jamia Hamdard- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ratna Priya
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Jamia Hamdard- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Vaishali Jain
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , 576104, Manipal, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Agarwal
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Surbhi Goyal
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Ravindra Varma Polisetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , 576104, Manipal, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Sudeshna Kar
- Jamia Hamdard- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Poonam Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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15
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Lim RJ, Liu B, Krysan K, Dubinett SM. Lung Cancer and Immunity Markers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2423-2430. [PMID: 32856614 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of lung cancer biology and mechanisms of tumor progression has facilitated significant advances in the treatment of lung cancer. There remains a pressing need for the development of innovative approaches to detect and intercept lung cancer at its earliest stage of development. Recent advances in genomics, computational biology, and innovative technologies offer unique opportunities to identify the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment associated with early-stage lung carcinogenesis, and provide further insight in the mechanism of lung cancer evolution. This review will highlight the concept of immunoediting and focus on recent studies assessing immune changes and biomarkers in pulmonary premalignancy and early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. A protumor immune response hallmarked by an increase in checkpoint inhibition and inhibitory immune cells and a simultaneous reduction in antitumor immune response have been correlated with tumor progression. The potential systemic biomarkers associated with early lung cancer will be highlighted along with current clinical efforts for lung cancer interception. Research focusing on the development of novel strategies for cancer interception prior to the progression to advanced stages will potentially lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of lung cancer and have a major impact on clinical outcomes.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Lim
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Chen SS, Li K, Wu J, Peng ZY, Wang ZD, Wang JC, Xu CW, Zhu CL, Li BC, Ren H, Tang SC, Sun X. Stem signatures associated antibodies yield early diagnosis and precise prognosis predication of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:223-33. [PMID: 32691153 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to detect patients with early NSCLC with tentatively using the stem signatures associated autoantibodies (AAbs), and to evaluate its latent values in the early diagnosis and precise prognosis prediction. METHODS The serum concentrations of selective antibodies were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a total of 458 cases were enrolled (training set = 401; validation set = 57). TCGA databases were used to analyze the distinct expressions and prognostic values of related genes. The optimal cut-off values were 11.60 U/ml for P53, 4.90 U/ml for MAGEA1, 3.85 U/ml for SOX2, and 7.05U/ml for PGP9.5. RESULTS We found that the stem signatures associated antibodies of MAGEA1, PGP9.5, SOX2, and TP53 exhibited high expressions in NSCLC, negatively correlating with the overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). In the test groups, the diagnosis sensitivity of P53, PGP9.5, SOX2, and MAGEA1 reached to 21.5%, 39.0%, 50.3%, and 35.0%, respectively, and the specificity reached to 98.7%, 99.4%, 92.2%, and 97.4%. The four candidates' panel gave a sensitivity of 71.8% with a specificity of 89%. In the validation group, the detection of the four antibodies in early diagnosis of NSCLC also exhibited high specificity and sensitivity, further consolidating their potential application. CONCLUSIONS The detection regarding stem signatures associated antibodies could be used as effective tools in early NSCLC diagnosis, but not for localized screening of cancers, and their abnormal expression was in accordance with poorer survival.
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Wang W, Chen D, Chen W, Xin Z, Huang Z, Zhang X, Xi K, Wang G, Zhang R, Zhao D, Liu L, Zhang L. Early Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Using a 12-microRNA Panel and a Nomogram for Assistant Diagnosis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:855. [PMID: 32596148 PMCID: PMC7301755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously identified a 12-microRNA (miRNA) panel (miRNA-17, miRNA-146a, miRNA-200b, miRNA-182, miRNA-155, miRNA-221, miRNA-205, miRNA-126, miRNA-7, miRNA-21, miRNA-145, and miRNA-210) that aided in the early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We validated the diagnostic value of this miRNA panel and compared it with that of traditional tumor markers and radiological diagnosis. We constructed a nomogram based on the miRNA panel's results to predict the risk of NSCLC. Methods: Eighty-two participants with pulmonary nodules on a CT scan and who underwent a pathological examination and surgical treatment were enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly divided into a training group or a validation group. The miRNA concentrations were quantified by RT-PCR and log-transformed for analysis. The cutoff value was determined in the training group and then applied in the validation group. A comparison between the miRNAs and traditional tumor markers [CEA, NSE, and cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (Cyfra21-1)] and radiological diagnosis was performed. A nomogram based on the miRNA panel's results to predict the risk of NSCLC was constructed. Results: The expression level of these 12 miRNAs was significantly higher in NSCLC patients than in benign patients. In the validation group, the specificity and positive predictive value were 96.4 and 95.8%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those using traditional tumor markers or radiological diagnosis. The sensitivity was 42.6%, which was also higher than that using tumor markers. Moreover, the sensitivity increased to 63.6% when the nodule diameters were larger than 2 cm. The miRNAs and seven clinical factors were integrated into the nomogram, and the calibration curves showed optimal agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities. Conclusions: Our miRNA panel has clinical value for the early detection of NSCLC. A nomogram was constructed and internally validated, and the results indicate that it can assist clinicians in making treatment recommendations in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongni Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziya Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexing Xi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rusi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dechang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Welberry C, Macdonald I, McElveen J, Parsy-Kowalska C, Allen J, Healey G, Irving W, Murray A, Chapman C. Tumor-associated autoantibodies in combination with alpha-fetoprotein for detection of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232247. [PMID: 32374744 PMCID: PMC7202612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be a leading challenge in modern oncology. Early detection via blood-based screening tests has the potential to cause a stage-shift at diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes. Tumor associated autoantibodies (TA-AAbs) have previously shown the ability to distinguish HCC from patients with high-risk liver disease. This research aimed to further show the utility of TA-AAbs as biomarkers of HCC and assess their use in combination with Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for detection of HCC across multiple tumor stages. METHODS Levels of circulating G class antibodies to 44 recombinant tumor associated antigens and circulating AFP were measured in the serum of patients with HCC, non-cancerous chronic liver disease (NCCLD) and healthy controls via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TA-AAb cut-offs were set at the highest Youden's J statistic at a specificity ≥95.00%. Panels of TA-AAbs were formed using net reclassification improvement. AFP was assessed at a cut-off of 200 ng/ml. RESULTS Sensitivities ranged from 1.01% to 12.24% at specificities of 95.96% to 100.00% for single TA-AAbs. An ELISA test measuring a panel of 10 of these TA-AAbs achieved a combined sensitivity of 36.73% at a specificity of 89.89% when distinguishing HCC from NCCLD controls. At a cut-off of 200 ng/ml, AFP achieved a sensitivity of 31.63% at a specificity of 100.00% in the same cohort. Combination of the TA-AAb panel with AFP significantly increased the sensitivity for stage one (40.00%) and two (55.00%) HCC over the TA-AAb panel or AFP alone. CONCLUSIONS A panel of TA-AAbs in combination with AFP could be clinically relevant as a replacement for measuring levels of AFP alone in surveillance and diagnosis strategies. The increased early stage sensitivity could lead to a stage shift with positive prognostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Welberry
- Oncimmune ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | | | | | - Jared Allen
- Oncimmune ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - William Irving
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline Chapman
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Bowel Cancer Screening Program, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Sun N, Sun S, Gao Y, Li Y, Lu Z, Yuan Z, Che Y, Huang J, Mao S, Lei Y, Zang R, Li N, Cui W, Qi J, Chen F, Gao J, Wang J, Min R, Chen Y, Shi G, Tan F, He J. Utility of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 as a serum protein biomarker for the early detection of non-small-cell lung cancer: A multicenter in vitro diagnostic clinical trial. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1739-1749. [PMID: 32167618 PMCID: PMC7226212 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to verify the expression status and diagnostic significance of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially during early stages. Serum IDH1 levels were measured by ELISA. A total of 1223 participants (660 patients with NSCLC, 276 healthy controls [HCs], 95 patients with benign pulmonary conditions [BPCs], 135 patients with other cancers [OCs], and 57 samples with interfering factors) were divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort according to 3 testing centers. The IDH1 concentrations in the NSCLC group were obviously higher than those in the control groups (P < .001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for discriminating NSCLC patients from controls (HC, BPC, and OC) were 0.870 and 0.745 (sensitivity, 63.3% and 55.0%; specificity, 86.8% and 86.3%) in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The AUCs for discriminating stage 0-IA lung cancer patients from HCs were 0.907 and 0.788 (sensitivity, 58.6% and 59.1%; specificity, 92.9% and 89.3%) in 2 cohorts, respectively. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 showed specificity for NSCLC and had no diagnostic value for other common cancers. Furthermore, IDH1 was significantly reduced in postoperative serum. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 shows clinical utility as a serum protein biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouguo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuyang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochuan Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Min
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangli Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Wang W, Zhuang R, Ma H, Fang L, Wang Z, Lv W, Hu J. The diagnostic value of a seven-autoantibody panel and a nomogram with a scoring table for predicting the risk of non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1699-1710. [PMID: 32108977 PMCID: PMC7226194 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a common concern. The aim of our study was to validate the diagnostic value of a seven-autoantibody (7-AAB) panel compared with radiological diagnosis for NSCLC. We constructed a nomogram and a scoring table based on the 7-AAB panel's result to predict the risk of NSCLC. We prospectively enrolled 268 patients who presented with radiological lesions and underwent both the 7-AAB panel test and pathological diagnosis by surgical resection. A comparison between the 7-AAB panel and radiological diagnosis was performed. A nomogram and a scoring table based on the 7-AAB panel's result to predict the risk of NSCLC were constructed and internally validated. The 7-AAB panel test had a specificity of 90.2% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.7%, which were significantly higher than those of the radiological diagnosis. The 7-AAB panel also showed a preferable sensitivity in patients with early-stage disease. Seven factors, including the 7-AAB panel results, were integrated into the nomogram. For more convenient application, we formulated a scoring table based on the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.840 and 0.860 in the training group and validation group, respectively, which was higher than that using the 7-AAB panel or radiological diagnosis alone. This study reveals that our 7-AAB panel has clinical value in the diagnosis of NSCLC. The utility of our nomogram and the scoring table indicated that they have the potential to assist clinicians in avoiding unnecessary treatment or needless follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Runzhou Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Honghai Ma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Likui Fang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhitian Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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21
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Maddison P, Gozzard P, Sadalage G, Ambrose PA, Chapman CJ, Murray A, Thomsen S, Berretta A, Lang B. Neuronal antibody detection and improved lung cancer prediction in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 340:577149. [PMID: 31951874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since approximately 50% of patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) subsequently develop small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), it is important to be able to predict cancer occurrence in these patients at neurological presentation. We aimed to determine whether circulating biomarkers were effective and objective predictors of cancer development in LEMS. We found that the presence of either SOX2, N-type voltage gated calcium channel or GABAb antibodies at LEMS diagnosis was highly sensitive (84%) and specific (87%) for the detection of SCLC. Screening for SOX2 and neuronal antibodies is a useful adjunct to clinical predictive scoring tools in predicting SCLC in LEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Maddison
- Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Paul Gozzard
- Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Girija Sadalage
- Division of Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip A Ambrose
- Division of Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline J Chapman
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Selina Thomsen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Antonio Berretta
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Bethan Lang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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22
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Li S, Ma Y, Xiong Y, Zhang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang Y. Five tumor-associated autoantibodies expression levels in serum predict lung cancer and associate with poor outcome. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:1364-1373. [PMID: 35116879 PMCID: PMC8798311 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.07.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate diagnostic feasibility of the tumor-associated autoantibodies and their clinical significance in lung cancer. Methods Blood samples were collected from 352 lung cancer patients and 226 healthy individuals. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression of autoantibodies in 69 cases of lung cancer tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the five autoantibodies levels in serum from lung cancer patients and healthy controls. Results Higher expression of GAGE7, MAGEA1, PGP9.5, CAGE and p53 were found in lung cancer tissues than normal tissues from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The expression levels of the five tumor-associated autoantibodies in lung cancer tissues were positively associated with those statuses in serum. There were significantly higher levels of each autoantibody in lung cancer patients than healthy individuals. The area under curve (AUC) for GAGE7, MAGEA1, PGP9.5, CAGE and p53 in diagnosis of lung cancer were 0.787, 0.641, 0.873, 0.825 and 0.749, respectively. With combination of these five autoantibodies by the logistic regression model, 0.891 of AUC was shown. In addition, the level of each autoantibody was increased in the advanced stage. Particularly, the level of PGP9.5 was significantly higher in the advanced T stage, N stage and TNM stage and CAGE was significantly elevated in the advanced N stage. Conclusions Summarily, autoantibodies levels of GAGE7, MAGEA1, PGP9.5, CAGE and p53 in serum could be used for the diagnosis of lung cancer and PGP9.5 may predict poor prognosis for the patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jilin Guowen Hospital, Gongzhulin City, Siping 136100, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jilin Guowen Hospital, Gongzhulin City, Siping 136100, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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23
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Maddison P, Titulaer MJ, Verschuuren JJ, Gozzard P, Lang B, Irani SR, Sabater L, Graus F, Murray A, Chapman CJ. The utility of anti-SOX2 antibodies for cancer prediction in patients with paraneoplastic neurological disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 326:14-8. [PMID: 30445363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies to SOXB1 proteins in patients with paraneoplastic disorders are associated with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), particularly in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). We aimed to establish if SOX2 antibodies could be used to identify SCLC and other tumours found in a range of paraneoplastic disorders and controls. SOX2 antibodies were detectable in 61% of patients with LEMS-SCLC, and in other paraneoplastic disorders, such as opsoclonus-myoclonus and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, only when there was an underlying SCLC. SOX2 antibodies are specific (>90%) markers for SCLC, but are rarely found in patients with other tumours, whether neurological symptoms are present or not.
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24
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Edelsberg J, Weycker D, Atwood M, Hamilton-Fairley G, Jett JR. Cost-effectiveness of an autoantibody test (EarlyCDT-Lung) as an aid to early diagnosis of lung cancer in patients with incidentally detected pulmonary nodules. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197826. [PMID: 29787590 PMCID: PMC5963796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients who have incidentally detected pulmonary nodules and an estimated intermediate risk (5-60%) of lung cancer frequently are followed via computed tomography (CT) surveillance to detect nodule growth, despite guidelines for a more aggressive diagnostic strategy. We examined the cost-effectiveness of an autoantibody test (AABT)-Early Cancer Detection Test-Lung (EarlyCDT-LungTM)-as an aid to early diagnosis of lung cancer among such patients. METHODS We developed a decision-analytic model to evaluate use of the AABT versus CT surveillance alone. In the model, patients with a positive AABT-because they are at substantially enhanced risk of lung cancer-are assumed to go directly to biopsy, resulting in diagnosis of lung cancer in earlier stages than under current guidelines (a beneficial stage shift). Patients with a negative AABT, and those scheduled for CT surveillance alone, are assumed to have periodic CT screenings to detect rapid growth and thus to have their lung cancers diagnosed-on average-at more advanced stages. RESULTS Among 1,000 patients who have incidentally detected nodules 8-30 mm, have an intermediate-risk of lung cancer, and are evaluated by CT surveillance alone, 95 (9.5%) are assumed to have lung cancer (local, 73.6%; regional, 22.0%; distant, 4.4%). With use of the AABT set at a sensitivity/specificity of 41%/93% (stage shift = 10.8%), although expected costs would be higher by $949,442 ($949 per person), life years would be higher by 53 (0.05 per person), resulting in a cost per life-year gained of $18,029 and a cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained of $24,330. With use of the AABT set at a sensitivity/specificity of 28%/98% (stage shift = 7.4%), corresponding cost-effectiveness ratios would be $18,454 and $24,833. CONCLUSIONS Under our base-case assumptions, and reasonable variations thereof, using AABT as an aid in the early diagnosis of lung cancer in patients with incidentally detected pulmonary nodules who are estimated to be at intermediate risk of lung cancer and are scheduled for CT surveillance alone is likely to be a cost-effective use of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Edelsberg
- Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI), Brookline, MA, United States of America
| | - Derek Weycker
- Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI), Brookline, MA, United States of America
| | - Mark Atwood
- Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI), Brookline, MA, United States of America
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25
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Abstract
Liquid biopsy, which analyzes biological fluids especially blood specimen to detect and quantify circulating cancer biomarkers, have been rapidly introduced and represents a promising potency in clinical practice of lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Unlike conventional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is non-invasive, safe, simple in procedure, and is not influenced by manipulators' skills. Notably, some circulating cancer biomarkers are already detectable in disease with low-burden, making liquid biopsy feasible in detecting early stage lung cancer. In this review, we described a landscape of different liquid biopsy methods by highlighting the rationale and advantages, accessing the value of various circulating biomarkers and discussing their possible future development in the detection of early lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weizhe Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hengrui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haikang Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
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26
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Du Q, Yu R, Wang H, Yan D, Yuan Q, Ma Y, Slamon D, Hou D, Wang H, Wang Q. Significance of tumor-associated autoantibodies in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Clin Respir J 2018; 12:2020-2028. [PMID: 29356386 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoantibodies tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) could be a valuable tool for the diagnosis or early detection of cancer due to their relatively high specificity and stability. The purpose of this study is to detect the level of tumor-associated autoantibodies in lung cancer and assess the diagnostic potential of autoantibodies in screening strategy for early stage lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Levels of tumor-associated autoantibodies (AAbs) were measured against a panel of seven TAAs (p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, CAGE and MAGEA1) in 397 patients with pulmonary lesions (305 with newly diagnosis of NSCLC, 47 with SCLC and 45 with benign nodule) and 74 control persons without any nodules in the lung after chest MDCT scan. The sensitivity, specificity for patients and control persons, positive rate of the panel in different pathology, stage, size of lesion, age and gender were compared and analyzed. RESULTS The AAbs panel could distinguish malignant lesions from benign lesions and control people, with sensitivity of 56.53% and specificity of 91.60%. The specificity could be further increased to 95.80%, when combined with CT. The AAbs also showed high diagnostic value of malignant nodule, and it would be a new method for judgment of malignant nodules that are less than 8 mm in diameter. No significant differences were seen based on pathology, NSCLC stages, tumor size, age or gender. CONCLUSION This assay confirms the value of AAbs panel as a diagnostic tool combined with CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The North Area of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruofei Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Liaoning Provincial, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dennis Slamon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical School of University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California
| | - Dongmei Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical School of University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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27
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Pilyugin M, Descloux P, André PA, Laszlo V, Dome B, Hegedus B, Sardy S, Janes S, Bianco A, Laurent GJ, Irminger-Finger I. BARD1 serum autoantibodies for the detection of lung cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182356. [PMID: 28786985 PMCID: PMC5546601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently the screening for lung cancer for risk groups is based on Computed Tomography (CT) or low dose CT (LDCT); however, the lung cancer death rate has not decreased significantly with people undergoing LDCT. We aimed to develop a simple reliable blood test for early detection of all types of lung cancer based on the immunogenicity of aberrant forms of BARD1 that are specifically upregulated in lung cancer. METHODS ELISA assays were performed with a panel of BARD1 epitopes to detect serum levels of antibodies against BARD1 epitopes. We tested 194 blood samples from healthy donors and lung cancer patients with a panel of 40 BARD1 antigens. Using fitted Lasso logistic regression we determined the optimal combination of BARD1 antigens to be used in ELISA for discriminating lung cancer from healthy controls. Random selection of samples for training sets or validations sets was applied to validate the accuracy of our test. RESULTS Fitted Lasso logistic regression models predict high accuracy of the BARD1 autoimmune antibody test with an AUC = 0.96. Validation in independent samples provided and AUC = 0.86 and identical AUCs were obtained for combined stages 1-3 and late stage 4 lung cancers. The BARD1 antibody test is highly specific for lung cancer and not breast or ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION The BARD1 lung cancer test shows higher sensitivity and specificity than previously published blood tests for lung cancer detection and/or diagnosis or CT scans, and it could detect all types and all stages of lung cancer. This BARD1 lung cancer test could therefore be further developed as i) screening test for early detection of lung cancers in high-risk groups, and ii) diagnostic aid in complementing CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Pilyugin
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Genetics and Laboratories, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Pierre-Alain André
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Genetics and Laboratories, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hunagary
| | - Sylvain Sardy
- Departement of Mathematics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Geoffrey J. Laurent
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
| | - Irmgard Irminger-Finger
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Genetics and Laboratories, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
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Meistere I, Werner S, Zayakin P, Siliņa K, Rulle U, Pismennaja A, Šantare D, Kikuste I, Isajevs S, Leja M, Kupčinskas L, Kupčinskas J, Jonaitis L, Wu CY, Brenner H, Linē A, Kalniņa Z. The Prevalence of Cancer-Associated Autoantibodies in Patients with Gastric Cancer and Progressive Grades of Premalignant Lesions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1564-1574. [PMID: 28768706 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Serum autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are detectable in early-stage gastric cancer patients; however, the time point during cancerogenesis when they appear in circulation is still obscure.Methods: In this study, we developed a recombinant antigen microarray and analyzed the prevalence of autoantibodies against 102 TAAs in 829 gastric cancer patients and 929 healthy controls from Caucasian and Asian populations, as well as 100 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and 775 individuals staged according to different grades of intestinal metaplasia.Results: Six antigens, including CTAG1B/CTAG2, DDX53, IGF2BP2, TP53, and MAGEA3, were predominantly reacting with sera from gastric cancer patients when compared with healthy controls, and the seroreactivity was associated with intestinal-type gastric cancer, but not with patients' Helicobacter pylori status, grade, age, gender, or stage of gastric cancer. We detected gastric cancer-associated seroreactivity in 13% of patients with advanced/severe intestinal metaplasia, which was increased in comparison with mild/moderate intestinal metaplasia (5.3%) and was comparable with that seen in early-stage gastric cancer patients (12%). Moreover, by testing serum samples taken 1 to 9 years before the clinical diagnosis of 18 incident gastric cancer cases, we detected autoantibody responses against several TAAs-SOX2, MYC, BIRC5, IGF2BP1, and MUC1.Conclusions: Our results suggest that humoral immune response against TAAs is generated already during premalignant stages.Impact: Based on the obtained results, cancer-associated autoantibodies might make a valuable contribution to the stratification of high-risk patients with premalignant lesions in the stomach through enhancing the positive predictive power of existing risk models. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(10); 1564-74. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irēna Meistere
- Cancer Biomarker and Immunotherapy Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simone Werner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Cancer Biomarker and Immunotherapy Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karīna Siliņa
- Cancer Biomarker and Immunotherapy Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Undīne Rulle
- Cancer Biomarker and Immunotherapy Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelina Pismennaja
- Cancer Biomarker and Immunotherapy Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Daiga Šantare
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Kikuste
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mārcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.,Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | - Limas Kupčinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research and Department of Gastroenterology Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupčinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research and Department of Gastroenterology Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laimas Jonaitis
- Institute for Digestive Research and Department of Gastroenterology Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aija Linē
- Cancer Biomarker and Immunotherapy Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Zane Kalniņa
- Cancer Biomarker and Immunotherapy Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
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Macdonald IK, Parsy-Kowalska CB, Chapman CJ. Autoantibodies: Opportunities for Early Cancer Detection. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:198-213. [PMID: 28718432 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can induce an immunological response resulting in the production of tumor-associated (TA) autoantibodies. These serum immunobiomarkers have been detected for a range of cancers at an early stage before the development of clinical symptoms. Their measurement is minimally invasive and cost effective using established technologies. TA autoantibodies are present in a clinically significant number of individuals and could supplement current screening modalities to aid early diagnosis of high-risk populations and assist the clinical management of patients. Here we review their production, discovery, and validation as biomarkers for cancer and their current and future potential as clinical tools.
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Maddison P, Gozzard P, Grainge MJ, Lang B. Long-term survival in paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 2017; 88:1334-1339. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:To establish whether improved tumor survival in patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) was due to known prognostic risk factors or an effect of LEMS independently, perhaps as a result of circulating factors.Methods:We undertook a prospective observational cohort study of patients with LEMS attending Nottingham University Hospitals, UK, or via the British Neurological Surveillance Unit. In parallel, patients with a new diagnosis of biopsy-proven SCLC were enrolled, examined for neurologic illness, and followed up until death or study end.Results:Between May 2005 and November 2014, we recruited 31 patients with LEMS and SCLC and 279 patients with SCLC without neurologic illness. Allowing for known SCLC survival prognostic factors of disease extent, age, sex, performance status, and sodium values, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of LEMS with SCLC conferred a significant survival advantage independently of the other prognostic variables (hazard ratio 1.756, 95% confidence interval 1.137–2.709, p = 0.011).Conclusions:Improved SCLC tumor survival seen in patients with LEMS and SCLC may not be due solely to lead time bias, given that survival advantage remains after allowing for other prognostic factors and that the same degree of survival advantage is not seen in patients with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes other than LEMS presenting before SCLC diagnosis.
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Tang ZM, Ling ZG, Wang CM, Wu YB, Kong JL. Serum tumor-associated autoantibodies as diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182117. [PMID: 28750095 PMCID: PMC5547718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic values of serum single and multiplex tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) in patients with lung cancer (LC). METHODS We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for relevant studies investigating serum TAAbs for the diagnosis of LC. The primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the test. RESULTS The systematic review and meta-analysis included 31 articles with single autoantibody and 39 with multiplex autoantibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the most common detection method. For the diagnosis of patients with all stages and early-stage LC, different single or combinations of TAAbs demonstrated different diagnostic values. Although individual TAAbs showed low diagnostic sensitivity, the combination of multiplex autoantibodies offered relatively high sensitivity. For the meta-analysis of a same panel of autoantibodies in patients at all stages of LC, the pooled results of the panel of 6 TAAbs (p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, Annexin 1 and SOX2) were: sensitivity 38% (95% CI 0.35-0.40), specificity 89% (95% CI 0.86-0.91), diagnostic accuracy 65.9% (range 62.5-81.8%), AUC 0.52 (0.48-0.57), while the summary estimates of 7 TAAbs (p53, CAGE, NY-ESO-1, GBU4-5, SOX2, MAGE A4 and Hu-D) were: sensitivity 47% (95% CI 0.34-0.60), specificity 90% (95% CI 0.89-0.92), diagnostic accuracy 78.4% (range 67.5-88.8%), AUC 0.90 (0.87-0.93). For the meta-analysis of the same panel of autoantibodies in patients at early-stage of LC, the sensitivities of both panels of 7 TAAbs and 6 TAAbs were 40% and 29.7%, while their specificities were 91% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum single or combinations of multiplex autoantibodies can be used as a tool for the diagnosis of LC patients at all stages or early-stage, but the combination of multiplex autoantibodies shows a higher detection capacity; the diagnostic value of the panel of 7 TAAbs is higher than the panel of 6 TAAbs, which may be used as potential biomarkers for the early detection of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ming Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Gui Ling
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZGL); (JLK)
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Shenzhen Guangming New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Bin Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Liang Kong
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (ZGL); (JLK)
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Broodman I, Lindemans J, van Sten J, Bischoff R, Luider T. Serum Protein Markers for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer: A Focus on Autoantibodies. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:3-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The noninvasive diagnosis of lung cancer remains a formidable challenge. Although tissue diagnosis will remain the gold standard for the foreseeable future, questions pertaining to the risks and costs associated with invasive diagnostic procedures are of prime relevance. This review addresses new modalities for improving the noninvasive evaluation of suspicious lung nodules. Ultimately, the goal is to translate early diagnosis into early treatment. We discuss how biomarkers could assist in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules and aggressive from indolent tumors. The field of biomarkers is rapidly expanding and progressing, and efforts are well underway to apply molecular diagnostics to address the shortcomings of current lung cancer diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Atwater
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine M Cook
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Cornelius Vanderbilt Endowed Chair in Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Massion PP, Healey GF, Peek LJ, Fredericks L, Sewell HF, Murray A, Robertson JFR. Autoantibody Signature Enhances the Positive Predictive Power of Computed Tomography and Nodule-Based Risk Models for Detection of Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:578-584. [PMID: 27615397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of pulmonary nodules is increasing with the movement toward screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography. Given the large number of benign nodules detected by computed tomography, an adjunctive test capable of distinguishing malignant from benign nodules would benefit practitioners. The ability of the EarlyCDT-Lung blood test (Oncimmune Ltd., Nottingham, United Kingdom) to make this distinction by measuring autoantibodies to seven tumor-associated antigens was evaluated in a prospective registry. METHODS Of the members of a cohort of 1987 individuals with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act authorization, those with pulmonary nodules detected, imaging, and pathology reports were reviewed. All patients for whom a nodule was identified within 6 months of testing by EarlyCDT-Lung were included. The additivity of the test to nodule size and nodule-based risk models was explored. RESULTS A total of 451 patients (32%) had at least one nodule, leading to 296 eligible patients after exclusions, with a lung cancer prevalence of 25%. In 4- to 20-mm nodules, a positive test result represented a greater than twofold increased relative risk for development of lung cancer as compared with a negative test result. Also, when the "both-positive rule" for combining binary tests was used, adding EarlyCDT-Lung to risk models improved diagnostic performance with high specificity (>92%) and positive predictive value (>70%). CONCLUSIONS A positive autoantibody test result reflects a significant increased risk for malignancy in lung nodules 4 to 20 mm in largest diameter. These data confirm that EarlyCDT-Lung may add value to the armamentarium of the practitioner in assessing the risk for malignancy in indeterminate pulmonary nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre P Massion
- Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Herb F Sewell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - John F R Robertson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Ma S, Wang W, Xia B, Zhang S, Yuan H, Jiang H, Meng W, Zheng X, Wang X. Multiplexed Serum Biomarkers for the Detection of Lung Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:210-218. [PMID: 27575387 PMCID: PMC5049985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no available biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. Here we recruited 844 lung cancer patients and 620 healthy participants from six hospitals. A total of four serum proteins was identified and subsequently assessed in the training and validation cohorts. The concentrations of four serum proteins were found to be significantly higher in lung cancer patients compared with healthy participants. The area under the curve (AUC) for the 4-biomarker were 0.86 in the training cohort, and 0.87 in the validation cohort. The classification improved to a corrected AUC of 0.90 and 0.89 respectively following addition of sex, age and smoking status. Similar results were observed for early-stage lung cancer. Remarkably, in a blinded test with a suspicious pulmonary nodule, the adjusted prediction model correctly discriminated the patients with 86.96% sensitivity and 98.25% specificity. These results demonstrated the 4-biomarker panel improved lung cancer prediction beyond that of known risk factors. Moreover, the biomarkers were valuable in differentiating benign nodules which will remain indolent from those that are likely to progress and therefore might serve as an adjuvant diagnosis tool for LDCT scanning. A multicentric, case–control study was conducted to identify serum proteins for diagnosing lung cancer. A 4-marker panel improved lung cancer prediction beyond that of known risk factors. The biomarkers can detect lung cancer especially stage I–II from healthy controls or benign nodule patients.
Currently, low dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) leads to a high false-positive result. Here we identified a panel of four serum proteins, which provides the potential for accurate diagnosis of lung cancer in a multicentric study. More importantly, the biomarkers allowed accurate detection of lung cancer cases especially stage I-II cases from normal and benign nodule subjects. These results suggest that the 4-protein panel might be a useful biomarker for diagnosing lung cancer patients and help discriminate early stage patients, which may serve as an adjuvant diagnosis tool for LDCT scanning in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haining Yuan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wen Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Zheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Negm OH, Hamed MR, Schoen RE, Whelan RL, Steele RJ, Scholefield J, Dilnot EM, Shantha Kumara HMC, Robertson JFR, Sewell HF. Human Blood Autoantibodies in the Detection of Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156971. [PMID: 27383396 PMCID: PMC4934916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy in the western world. Early detection and diagnosis of all cancer types is vital to improved prognosis by enabling early treatment when tumours should be both resectable and curable. Sera from 3 different cohorts; 42 sera (21 CRC and 21 matched controls) from New York, USA, 200 sera from Pittsburgh, USA (100 CRC and 100 controls) and 20 sera from Dundee, UK (10 CRC and 10 controls) were tested against a panel of multiple tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) using an optimised multiplex microarray system. TAA specific IgG responses were interpolated against the internal IgG standard curve for each sample. Individual TAA specific responses were examined in each cohort to determine cutoffs for a robust initial scoring method to establish sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity and specificity of combinations of TAAs provided good discrimination between cancer-positive and normal serum. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the sample sets tested against a panel of 32 TAAs were 61.1% and 80.9% respectively for 6 antigens; p53, AFP, K RAS, Annexin, RAF1 and NY-CO16. Furthermore, the observed sensitivity in Pittsburgh sample set in different clinical stages of CRC; stage I (n = 19), stage II (n = 40), stage III (n = 34) and stage IV (n = 6) was similar (73.6%, 75.0%, 73.5% and 83.3%, respectively), with similar levels of sensitivity for right and left sided CRC. We identified an antigen panel of sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection of CRC, based upon serum profiling of autoantibody response using a robust multiplex antigen microarray technology. This opens the possibility of a blood test for screening and detection of early colorectal cancer. However this panel will require further validation studies before they can be proposed for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola H. Negm
- Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Hamed
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Whelan
- Mount Sinai Roosevelt, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Steele
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John Scholefield
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Dilnot
- Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - H. M. C. Shantha Kumara
- Mount Sinai Roosevelt, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Herbert F. Sewell
- Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Wang J, Shivakumar S, Barker K, Tang Y, Wallstrom G, Park JG, Tsay JC, Pass HI, Rom WN, LaBaer J, Qiu J. Comparative Study of Autoantibody Responses between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Benign Pulmonary Nodules. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:334-45. [PMID: 26896032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reduction in lung cancer mortality associated with computed tomography (CT) screening has led to its increased use and a concomitant increase in the detection of benign pulmonary nodules. Many individuals found to have benign nodules undergo unnecessary, costly, and invasive procedures. Therefore, there is a need for companion diagnostics that stratify individuals with pulmonary nodules into high-risk or low-risk groups. Lung cancers can trigger host immune responses and elicit antibodies against tumor antigens. The identification of these autoantibodies (AAbs) and their corresponding antigens may expand our knowledge of cancer immunity, leading to early diagnosis or even benefiting immunotherapy. Previous studies were performed mostly in the context of comparing cancers and healthy (smoker) controls. We have performed one of the first studies to understand humoral immune response in patients with cancer, patients with benign nodules, and healthy smokers. METHODS We first profiled seroreactivity to 10,000 full-length human proteins in 40 patients with early-stage lung cancer and 40 smoker controls by using nucleic acid programmable protein arrays to identify candidate cancer-specific AAbs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of promising candidates were performed on 137 patients with lung cancer and 127 smoker controls, as well as on 170 subjects with benign pulmonary nodules. RESULTS From protein microarray screening experiments using a discovery set of 40 patients and 40 smoker controls, 17 antigens showing higher reactivity in lung cancer cases relative to the controls were subsequently selected for evaluation in a large sample set (n = 264) by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A five-AAb classifier (tetratricopeptide repeat domain 14 [TTC14], B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [BRAF], actin like 6B [ACTL6B], MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 [MORC2], and cancer/testis antigen 1B [CTAG1B]) that can differentiate lung cancers from smoker controls with a sensitivity of 30% at 89% specificity was developed. We further tested AAb responses in subjects with CT-positive benign nodules (n = 170), and developed a five-AAb panel (keratin 8, type II, TTC14, Kruppel-like factor 8, BRAF, and tousled like kinase 1) with a sensitivity of 30% at 88% specificity. Interestingly, messenger RNA levels of six AAb targets (TTC14, BRAF, MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2, cancer/testis antigen 1B, keratin 8, type II, and tousled like kinase 1) were also found to increase in lung adenocarcinoma tissues based on The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. CONCLUSION We discovered AAbs associated with lung adenocaricnoma that have the potential to differentiate cancer from CT-positive benign diseases. We believe that these antibodies warrant future validation using a larger sample set and/or longitudinal samples individually or as a panel. They could potentially be part of companion molecular diagnostic modalities that will benefit subjects undergoing CT screening for lung cancer.
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Yang J, Jiao S, Kang J, Li R, Zhang G. Application of serum NY-ESO-1 antibody assay for early SCLC diagnosis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:14959-14964. [PMID: 26823828 PMCID: PMC4713614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NY-ESO-1 antibody is one of the cancer-related antibodies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic role of the NY-ESO-1 humoral immune response in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS We recombined the recombinant protein of NY-ESO-1 antibody and NSE, analyzed them by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and then established the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to estimate the diagnostic value of NY-ESO-1 antibody, NSE and their combinations. RESULTS According to detection, the positive rate of NY-ESO-1 humoral immune response (26.3%), NSE (43.8%) and their combinations (10.5%) were all lower than the negative rate which indicated that the NY-ESO-1 antibody might be down-regulated in SCLC. And the positive rate wasn't related to clinicopathologic characteristics. The ROC curve demonstrated that with a 37.17% sensitivity and a 91.7% specificity along with a AUC of 0.619 for NY-ESO-1ab as well as with a 48.3% sensitivity and a 90.87% specificity along with a AUC value of 0.773 for NSE, their diagnostic value were both high. Besides, the diagnostic value of their combinations was also good for a AUC of 0.83 and a 69.12% sensitivity and a 91.8% specificity. There were significant difference of diagnostic value among three types above (NY-ESO-1 vs. NSE, P < 0.01; The Combinations vs. NY-ESO-1, P < 0.0001; and the Combinations vs. NSE, P < 0.04). CONCLUSION In conclusion, NY-ESO-1ab, NSE and their combinations all were important diagnostic markers for SCLC. Moreover, the diagnostic value of their combinations was higher than any single of them. And NY-ESO-1 humoral immune to NSE might be a potential diagnostic indicator in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Yang
- Center of Tumor Therapy, Navy General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Jingbo Kang
- Center of Tumor Therapy, Navy General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Li
- Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanzhong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military CommandShenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Doseeva V, Colpitts T, Gao G, Woodcock J, Knezevic V. Performance of a multiplexed dual analyte immunoassay for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:55. [PMID: 25880432 PMCID: PMC4335536 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES "PAULA's" test (Protein Assays Utilizing Lung cancer Analytes) is a novel multiplex immunoassay blood test that incorporates both tumor antigens and autoantibodies to determine the risk that lung cancer (LC) is present in individuals from a high-risk population. The test's performance characteristics were evaluated in a study using 380 retrospective clinical serum samples. METHODS PAULA's test is performed on the Luminex xMAP technology platform, and detects a panel of 3 tumor antigens (CEA, CA-125, and CYFRA 21-1) and 1 autoantibody marker (NY-ESO-1). A training set (n = 230) consisting of 115 confirmed diagnoses of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cases and 115 age- and smoking history-matched controls was used to develop the LC predictive model. Data from an independent matched validation set (n = 150) was then used to evaluate the model developed, and determine the ability of the test to distinguish NSCLC cases from controls. RESULTS The 4-biomarker panel was able to discriminate NSCLC cases from controls with 74% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and 0.81 AUC in the training set and with 77% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and 0.85 AUC in the independent validation set. The use of NY-ESO-1 autoantibodies substantially increased the overall sensitivity of NSCLC detection as compared to the 3 tumor markers alone. Overall, the multiplexed 4-biomarker panel assay demonstrated comparable performance to a previously employed 8-biomarker non-multiplexed assay. CONCLUSIONS These studies confirm the value of using a mixed panel of tumor antigens and autoantibodies in the early detection of NSCLC in high-risk individuals. The results demonstrate that the performance of PAULA's test makes it suitable for use as an aid to determine which high-risk patients need to be directed to appropriate noninvasive diagnostic follow-up testing, especially low-dose CT (LDCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Doseeva
- 20/20 GeneSystems, 9430 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Tracey Colpitts
- Abbott Molecular Inc, 1300 E Touhy Avenue, Des Plaines, IL, 60018, USA.
| | - Grace Gao
- 20/20 GeneSystems, 9430 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Juliana Woodcock
- 20/20 GeneSystems, 9430 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Tanvetyanon T, Creelan BC, Chiappori AA. Current clinical application of genomic and proteomic profiling in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Control 2014; 21:32-9. [PMID: 24357739 DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic or proteomic profiling of cancer can be broadly defined as a systematic grouping of cancer based on its genetic or protein makeup. In the management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), genomic and proteomic profiling applications have become useful in early disease detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication. METHODS We reviewed the recent literature on the applications of genomic and proteomic profiling in NSCLC. Important applications were summarized into those already adopted as standard care and those still under investigation. RESULTS For genomic profiling, testing for EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement has become routine for adenocarcinoma. Multiplex assay and malignancy-risk gene signature are both important applications in development. A test to predict outcome after treatment with an epidermal growth factor rector/tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a screening blood test for lung cancer are being investigated for use in proteomic profiling. CONCLUSIONS Genomic profiling is routine in patients with NSCLC, and proteomic profiling shows promise. Additional genomic and proteomic profiling applications may also prove to be useful contributions in the care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawee Tanvetyanon
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa FL 33612, USA.
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Middleton CH, Irving W, Robertson JFR, Murray A, Parsy-Kowalska CB, Macdonald IK, McElveen J, Allen J, Healey GF, Thomson BJ, Ryder SJ, Holdenrieder S, Chapman CJ. Serum autoantibody measurement for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103867. [PMID: 25093332 PMCID: PMC4122394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with liver disease, and especially those with Hepatitis B or C, are at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Inadequate screening tests largely account for presentation of advanced tumours and high mortality rates. Early detection of HCC amongst high-risk groups is paramount in improving prognosis. This research aimed to further characterise the previously described humoral immune response raised to tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) in the serum of patients with HCC. Methods Serum from 96 patients with confirmed HCC, 96 healthy controls matched for age and sex, 78 patients with confirmed liver cirrhosis and 91 patients with confirmed chronic liver disease were analysed for the presence of IgG autoantibodies raised to 41 recombinant TAAs/antigen fragments by ELISA. Results Varying autoantibody specificities (97–100%) and sensitivities (0–10%) were observed to individual TAAs. A 21-antigen panel achieved a specificity of 92% and sensitivity of 45% for the detection of HCC. This same panel identified 21% of 169 high-risk controls as having elevated autoantibody levels. A reproducible panel of 10 antigens achieved a specificity of 91% and sensitivity of 41% in HCC. 15% of 152 high-risk controls gave positive results with this panel. Conclusions This minimally invasive blood test has the potential to offer advantages over currently available tools for the identification of HCC amongst pre-disposed patients. Results are comparable to current gold standards in HCC (Ultrasonography) and to similar tests in other cancers (EarlyCDT-Lung).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin H. Middleton
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Irving
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John F. R. Robertson
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian J. Thomson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Ryder
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Caroline J. Chapman
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Annels NE, Simpson GR, Denyer M, McGrath SE, Falgari G, Killick E, Eeles R, Stebbing J, Pchejetski D, Cutress R, Murray N, Michael A, Pandha H. Spontaneous antibodies against Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein in patients with prostate cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:428-38. [PMID: 24654775 PMCID: PMC4226594 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the expression of the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Engrailed-2 (EN2) in prostate cancer and showed that the presence of EN2 protein in the urine was highly predictive of prostate cancer. This study aimed to determine whether patients with prostate cancer have EN2 autoantibodies, what the prevalence of these antibodies is and whether they are associated with disease stage. The spontaneous immunoglobulin (Ig)G immune response against EN2 and for comparison the tumour antigen New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in three different cohorts of prostate cancer patients as well as a group of men genetically predisposed to prostate cancer. Thirty-two of 353 (9·1%) of the SUN cohort representing all stages of prostate cancer demonstrated EN2 IgG responses, 12 of 107 patients (11·2%) in the advanced prostate cancer patients showed responses, while only four of 121 patients (3·3%) with castrate-resistant prostate cancer showed EN2 autoantibodies. No significant responses were found in the predisposed group. Anti-EN2 IgG responses were significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy control males and similarly prevalent to anti-NY-ESO-1 responses. While EN2 autoantibodies are not a useful diagnostic or monitoring tool, EN2 immunogenicity provides the rationale to pursue studies using EN2 as an immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Annels
- Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Hassanein M, Carbone DP. Serum Proteomic Biomarkers. Lung Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118468791.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hudler P, Kocevar N, Komel R. Proteomic approaches in biomarker discovery: new perspectives in cancer diagnostics. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:260348. [PMID: 24550697 PMCID: PMC3914447 DOI: 10.1155/2014/260348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in proteomic methods, including improved detection limits and sensitivity, these methods have not yet been established in routine clinical practice. The main limitations, which prevent their integration into clinics, are high cost of equipment, the need for highly trained personnel, and last, but not least, the establishment of reliable and accurate protein biomarkers or panels of protein biomarkers for detection of neoplasms. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of most solid tumours present obstacles in the discovery of specific protein signatures, which could be used for early detection of cancers, for prediction of disease outcome, and for determining the response to specific therapies. However, cancer proteome, as the end-point of pathological processes that underlie cancer development and progression, could represent an important source for the discovery of new biomarkers and molecular targets for tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hudler
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kocevar
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Healey GF, Lam S, Boyle P, Hamilton-Fairley G, Peek LJ, Robertson JFR. Signal stratification of autoantibody levels in serum samples and its application to the early detection of lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:618-25. [PMID: 24255775 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Further signal stratification for the EarlyCDT®-Lung test should facilitate interpretation of the test, leading to more precise interventions for particular patients. METHODS Samples were measured for the presence of autoantibodies to seven tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) (p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, SOX2, MAGE A4, and HuD). In addition to the current test cut-offs (determined using a previously reported Validation case-control sample set, set A; n=501), new high and low cut-offs were set in order to maximize the test's positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively). All three sets of cut-offs were applied to two confirmatory datasets: (I) the case-control set B (n=751), and (II) Population-derived set C (n=883), and all three datasets combined (n=2,135). RESULTS For the Validation dataset, cancer/non-cancer positivity for current cut-offs was 41%/9% (PPV =0.109, 1 in 9). The high positive stratum improved this to 25%/2% (PPV =0.274, 1 in 4). The low negative stratum improved this to 8%/23% (NPV =0.990, 1 in 105). This provides a 25-fold difference in lung cancer probability between the highest and lowest groups. The test performs equally well in subjects who fulfilled the entry risk criteria for the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and subjects who did not meet the NLST criteria. CONCLUSIONS The EarlyCDT®-Lung test has been converted to a four-stratum test by the addition of high and low sets of cut-offs: patients are thus stratified into four risk categories. This stratification will enable personalization of subsequent screening and treatment programs for high risk individuals or patients with lung nodules.
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Jett JR, Peek LJ, Fredericks L, Jewell W, Pingleton WW, Robertson JFR. Audit of the autoantibody test, EarlyCDT®-lung, in 1600 patients: an evaluation of its performance in routine clinical practice. Lung Cancer 2013; 83:51-5. [PMID: 24268382 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EarlyCDT(®)-Lung may enhance detection of early stage lung cancer by aiding physicians in assessing high-risk patients through measurement of biological markers (i.e., autoantibodies). The test's performance characteristics in routine clinical practice were evaluated by auditing clinical outcomes of 1613 US patients deemed at high risk for lung cancer by their physician, who ordered the EarlyCDT-Lung test for their patient. METHODS Clinical outcomes for all 1613 patients who provided HIPAA authorization are reported. Clinical data were collected from each patient's treating physician. Pathology reports when available were reviewed for diagnostic classification. Staging was assessed on histology, otherwise on imaging. RESULTS Six month follow-up for the positives/negatives was 99%/93%. Sixty-one patients (4%) were identified with lung cancer, 25 of whom tested positive by EarlyCDT-Lung (sensitivity=41%). A positive EarlyCDT-Lung test on the current panel was associated with a 5.4-fold increase in lung cancer incidence versus a negative. Importantly, 57% (8/14) of non-small cell lung cancers detected as positive (where stage was known) were stage I or II. CONCLUSIONS EarlyCDT-Lung has been extensively tested and validated in case-control settings and has now been shown in this audit to perform in routine clinical practice as predicted. EarlyCDT-Lung may be a complementary tool to CT for detection of early lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John F R Robertson
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Oncimmune Ltd., Nottingham, UK.
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Daly S, Rinewalt D, Fhied C, Basu S, Mahon B, Liptay MJ, Hong E, Chmielewski G, Yoder MA, Shah PN, Edell ES, Maldonado F, Bungum AO, Borgia JA. Development and validation of a plasma biomarker panel for discerning clinical significance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:31-6. [PMID: 23201823 DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31827627f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent findings of the National Lung Screening Trial showed 24.2% of individuals at high risk for lung cancer having one or more indeterminate nodules detected by low-dose computed tomography-based screening, 96.4% of which were eventually confirmed as false positives. These positive scans necessitate additional diagnostic procedures to establish a definitive diagnosis that adds cost and risk to the paradigm. A plasma test able to assign benign versus malignant pathology in high-risk patients would be an invaluable tool to complement low-dose computed tomography-based screening and promote its rapid implementation. METHODS We evaluated 17 biomarkers, previously shown to have value in detecting lung cancer, against a discovery cohort, comprising benign (n = 67) cases and lung cancer (n = 69) cases. A Random Forest method based analysis was used to identify the optimal biomarker panel for assigning disease status, which was then validated against a cohort from the Mayo Clinic, comprising patients with benign (n = 61) or malignant (n = 20) indeterminate lung nodules. RESULTS Our discovery efforts produced a seven-analyte plasma biomarker panel consisting of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1ra, sIL-2Rα, stromal cell-derived factor-1α+β, tumor necrosis factor α, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α. The sensitivity and specificity of our panel in our validation cohort is 95.0% and 23.3%, respectively. The validated negative predictive value of our panel was 93.8%. CONCLUSION We developed a seven-analyte plasma biomarker panel able to identify benign nodules, otherwise deemed indeterminate, with a high degree of accuracy. This panel may have clinical utility in risk-stratifying screen-detected lung nodules, decrease unnecessary follow-up imaging or invasive procedures, and potentially avoid unnecessary morbidity, mortality, and health care costs.
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Abstract
In the process of tumorigenesis, normal cells are remodeled to cancer cells and protein expression patterns are changed to those of tumor cells. A newly formed tumor microenvironment elicits the immune system and, as a result, a humoral immune response takes place. Although the tumor antigens are undetectable in sera at the early stage of tumorigenesis, the nature of an antibody amplification response to antigens makes tumor-associated autoantibodies as promising early biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Moreover, the recent development of proteomic techniques that make neo-epitopes of tumor-associated autoantigens discovered concomitantly has opened a new area of ‘immuno-proteomics’, which presents tumor-associated autoantibody signatures and confers information to redefine the process of tumorigenesis. In this article, the strategies recently used to identify and validate serum autoantibodies are outlined and tumor-associated antigens suggested until now as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in various tumor types are reviewed. Also, the meaning of autoantibody signatures and their clinical utility in personalized medicine are discussed. [BMB Reports 2012; 45(12): 677-685]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyu Heo
- Cancer Biomarkers Development Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Abstract
The greatest news of the past year in this field was the first large-scale early detection trial that could prove a 20% reduction in lung cancer-related mortality by screening high-risk individuals with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). Several expert groups and medical societies have assessed the data and concluded that LDCT screening for lung cancer is, however, not ready for large-scale population-based implementation. Too many open questions remain, such as definition of the at-risk population, timing and intervals of screening, optimal method of acquisition and interpretation of the images, how to handle (false) positive findings, and especially cost-effectiveness in relation to other lung cancer prevention strategies, mainly smoking cessation. Further analyses and several ongoing European trials are eagerly awaited. Much hope also resides in the use of biomarkers, as their use in, e.g., blood or exhaled air may provide more easy-to-use tests to better stratify high-risk populations for screening studies. While exciting research is ongoing in this domain--e.g. with microRNAs--none of the tests has yet reached sufficient validation for clinical use. Early central lung cancers are more difficult to visualise by CT. For these patients, standard bronchoscopy, complemented by autofluoresence endoscopy, has been studied in different screening and follow-up settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vansteenkiste
- Respiratory Oncology Unit (Pulmonology) and Leuven Lung Cancer Group, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wei P, Zhang W, Yang L, Zhang H, Xu X, Jiang Y, Huang F, Shi Q. Serum GFAP autoantibody as an ELISA-detectable glioma marker. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2283-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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