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Foo MXR, Ong PF, Yap ZX, Maric M, Bong CJS, Dröge P, Burke B, Dreesen O. Genetic and pharmacological modulation of lamin A farnesylation determines its function and turnover. Aging Cell 2024:e14105. [PMID: 38504487 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a severe premature ageing disorder caused by a 50 amino acid truncated (Δ50AA) and permanently farnesylated lamin A (LA) mutant called progerin. On a cellular level, progerin expression leads to heterochromatin loss, impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport, telomeric DNA damage and a permanent growth arrest called cellular senescence. Although the genetic basis for HGPS has been elucidated 20 years ago, the question whether the Δ50AA or the permanent farnesylation causes cellular defects has not been addressed. Moreover, we currently lack mechanistic insight into how the only FDA-approved progeria drug Lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), ameliorates HGPS phenotypes. By expressing a variety of LA mutants using a doxycycline-inducible system, and in conjunction with FTI, we demonstrate that the permanent farnesylation, and not the Δ50AA, is solely responsible for progerin-induced cellular defects, as well as its rapid accumulation and slow clearance. Importantly, FTI does not affect clearance of progerin post-farnesylation and we demonstrate that early, but not late FTI treatment prevents HGPS phenotypes. Collectively, our study unravels the precise contributions of progerin's permanent farnesylation to its turnover and HGPS cellular phenotypes, and how FTI treatment ameliorates these. These findings are applicable to other diseases associated with permanently farnesylated proteins, such as adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattheus Xing Rong Foo
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Cell Ageing Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peh Fern Ong
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Cell Ageing Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Xuan Yap
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Cell Ageing Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martina Maric
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Cell Ageing Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Jue Shi Bong
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Cell Ageing Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Dröge
- LambdaGen Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Cell Ageing Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oliver Dreesen
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Cell Ageing Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Odinammadu KO, Shilagardi K, Tuminelli K, Judge DP, Gordon LB, Michaelis S. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib improves nuclear morphology in ZMPSTE24-deficient fibroblasts from patients with the progeroid disorder MAD-B. Nucleus 2023; 14:2288476. [PMID: 38050983 PMCID: PMC10730222 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2288476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several related progeroid disorders are caused by defective post-translational processing of prelamin A, the precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A, encoded by LMNA. Prelamin A undergoes farnesylation and additional modifications at its C-terminus. Subsequently, the farnesylated C-terminal segment is cleaved off by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. The premature aging disorder Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and a related progeroid disease, mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD-B), are caused by mutations in LMNA and ZMPSTE24, respectively, that result in failure to process the lamin A precursor and accumulate permanently farnesylated forms of prelamin A. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib is known to correct the aberrant nuclear morphology of HGPS patient cells and improves lifespan in children with HGPS. Importantly, and in contrast to a previous report, we show here that FTI treatment also improves the aberrant nuclear phenotypes in MAD-B patient cells with mutations in ZMPSTE24 (P248L or L425P). As expected, lonafarnib does not correct nuclear defects for cells with lamin A processing-proficient mutations. We also examine prelamin A processing in fibroblasts from two individuals with a prevalent laminopathy mutation LMNA-R644C. Despite the proximity of residue R644 to the prelamin A cleavage site, neither R644C patient cell line shows a prelamin A processing defect, and both have normal nuclear morphology. This work clarifies the prelamin A processing status and role of FTIs in a variety of laminopathy patient cells and supports the FDA-approved indication for the FTI Zokinvy for patients with processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies, but not for patients with processing-proficient laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamsi O. Odinammadu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel P. Judge
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leslie B. Gordon
- The Progeria Research Foundation, Peabody, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Abstract
Mutations in the gene for lamin A/C (LMNA) cause a diverse range of diseases known as laminopathies. LMNA-related cardiomyopathy is a common inherited heart disease and is highly penetrant with a poor prognosis. In the past years, numerous investigations using mouse models, stem cell technologies, and patient samples have characterized the phenotypic diversity caused by specific LMNA variants and contributed to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of heart disease. As a component of the nuclear envelope, LMNA regulates nuclear mechanostability and function, chromatin organization, and gene transcription. This review will focus on the different cardiomyopathies caused by LMNA mutations, address the role of LMNA in chromatin organization and gene regulation, and discuss how these processes go awry in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
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Rahman MM, Ferdous KS, Ahmed M, Islam MT, Khan MR, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Uddin MS. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: An Overview of the Molecular Mechanism, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approach. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:216-229. [PMID: 33655857 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210303100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structure. Mutation in the lamin A/C leads to a group of inherited disorders is known as laminopathies. In the human body, there are several mutations in the LMNA gene that have been identified. It can affect diverse organs or tissues or can be systemic, causing different diseases. In this review, we mainly focused on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). HGPS is an immensely uncommon, deadly, metameric ill-timed laminopathies caused by the abnormal splicing of the LMNA gene and production of an aberrant protein known as progerin. Here, we also presented the currently available data on the molecular mechanism, pathophysiology, available treatment, and future approaches to this deadly disease. Due to the production of progerin, an abnormal protein leads to an abnormality in nuclear structure, defects in DNA repair, shortening of telomere, and impairment in gene regulation which ultimately results in aging in the early stage of life. Now some treatment options are available for this disease, but a proper understanding of the molecular mechanism of this disease will help to develop a more appropriate treatment which makes it an emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Sayma Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Robin Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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5
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Saxena S, Kumar S. Pharmacotherapy to gene editing: potential therapeutic approaches for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. GeroScience 2020; 42:467-494. [PMID: 32048129 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), commonly called progeria, is an extremely rare disorder that affects only one child per four million births. It is characterized by accelerated aging in affected individuals leading to premature death at an average age of 14.5 years due to cardiovascular complications. The main cause of HGPS is a sporadic autosomal dominant point mutation in LMNA gene resulting in differently spliced lamin A protein known as progerin. Accumulation of progerin under nuclear lamina and activation of its downstream effectors cause perturbation in cellular morphology and physiology which leads to a systemic disorder that mainly impairs the cardiovascular system, bones, skin, and overall growth. Till now, no cure has been found for this catastrophic disorder; however, several therapeutic strategies are under development. The current review focuses on the overall progress in the field of therapeutic approaches for the management/cure of HGPS. We have also discussed the new disease models that have been developed for the study of this rare disorder. Moreover, we have highlighted the therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells against aging and aging-related disorders and, therefore, suggest the same for the treatment of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Saxena
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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Ashapkin VV, Kutueva LI, Kurchashova SY, Kireev II. Are There Common Mechanisms Between the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Natural Aging? Front Genet 2019; 10:455. [PMID: 31156709 PMCID: PMC6529819 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disease caused by mutations of the LMNA gene leading to increased production of a partially processed form of the nuclear fibrillar protein lamin A – progerin. Progerin acts as a dominant factor that leads to multiple morphological anomalies of cell nuclei and disturbances in heterochromatin organization, mitosis, DNA replication and repair, and gene transcription. Progerin-positive cells are present in primary fibroblast cultures obtained from the skin of normal donors at advanced ages. These cells display HGPS-like defects in nuclear morphology, decreased H3K9me3 and HP1, and increased histone H2AX phosphorylation marks of the DNA damage loci. Inhibition of progerin production in cells of aged non-HGPS donors in vivo increases the proliferative activity, H3K9me3, and HP1, and decreases the senescence markers p21, IGFBP3, and GADD45B to the levels of young donor cells. Thus, progerin-dependent mechanisms act in natural aging. Excessive activity of the same mechanisms may well be the cause of premature aging in HGPS. Telomere attrition is widely regarded to be one of the primary hallmarks of aging. Progerin expression in normal human fibroblasts accelerates the loss of telomeres. Changes in lamina organization may directly affect telomere attrition resulting in accelerated replicative senescence and progeroid phenotypes. The chronological aging in normal individuals and the premature aging in HGPS patients are mediated by similar changes in the activity of signaling pathways, including downregulation of DNA repair and chromatin organization, and upregulation of ERK, mTOR, GH-IGF1, MAPK, TGFβ, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Multiple epigenetic changes are common to premature aging in HGPS and natural aging. Recent studies showed that epigenetic systems could play an active role as drivers of both forms of aging. It may be suggested that these systems translate the effects of various internal and external factors into universal molecular hallmarks, largely common between natural and accelerated forms of aging. Drugs acting at both natural aging and HGPS are likely to exist. For example, vitamin D3 reduces the progerin production and alleviates most HGPS features, and also slows down epigenetic aging in overweight and obese non-HGPS individuals with suboptimal vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila I Kutueva
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Y Kurchashova
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Kireev
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Piekarowicz K, Machowska M, Dzianisava V, Rzepecki R. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome-Current Status and Prospects for Gene Therapy Treatment. Cells 2019; 8:E88. [PMID: 30691039 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is one of the most severe disorders among laminopathies—a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases with a molecular background based on mutations in the LMNA gene and genes coding for interacting proteins. HGPS is characterized by the presence of aging-associated symptoms, including lack of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, swollen veins, growth retardation, age spots, joint contractures, osteoporosis, cardiovascular pathology, and death due to heart attacks and strokes in childhood. LMNA codes for two major, alternatively spliced transcripts, give rise to lamin A and lamin C proteins. Mutations in the LMNA gene alone, depending on the nature and location, may result in the expression of abnormal protein or loss of protein expression and cause at least 11 disease phenotypes, differing in severity and affected tissue. LMNA gene-related HGPS is caused by a single mutation in the LMNA gene in exon 11. The mutation c.1824C > T results in activation of the cryptic donor splice site, which leads to the synthesis of progerin protein lacking 50 amino acids. The accumulation of progerin is the reason for appearance of the phenotype. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HGPS and provide a critical analysis of current research trends in this field. We also discuss the mouse models available so far, the current status of treatment of the disease, and future prospects for the development of efficient therapies, including gene therapy for HGPS.
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8
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Tonoyama Y, Shinya M, Toyoda A, Kitano T, Oga A, Nishimaki T, Katsumura T, Oota H, Wan MT, Yip BWP, Helen MOL, Chisada S, Deguchi T, Au DWT, Naruse K, Kamei Y, Taniguchi Y. Abnormal nuclear morphology is independent of longevity in a zmpste24-deficient fish model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 209:54-62. [PMID: 29567411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamin is an intermediate protein underlying the nuclear envelope and it plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the nucleus. A defect in the processing of its precursor by a metalloprotease, ZMPSTE24, results in the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin in the nucleus and causes various diseases, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). However, the role of lamin processing is unclear in fish species. Here, we generated zmpste24-deficient medaka and evaluated their phenotype. Unlike humans and mice, homozygous mutants did not show growth defects or lifespan shortening, despite lamin precursor accumulation. Gonadosomatic indices, blood glucose levels, and regenerative capacity of fins were similar in 1-year-old mutants and their wild-type (WT) siblings. Histological examination showed that the muscles, subcutaneous fat tissues, and gonads were normal in the mutants at the age of 1 year. However, the mutants showed hypersensitivity to X-ray irradiation, although p53target genes, p21 and mdm2, were induced 6 h after irradiation. Immunostaining of primary cultured cells from caudal fins and visualization of nuclei using H2B-GFP fusion proteins revealed an abnormal nuclear shape in the mutants both in vitro and in vivo. The telomere lengths were significantly shorter in the mutants compared to WT. Taken together, these results suggest that zmpste24-deficient medaka phenocopied HGPS only partially and that abnormal nuclear morphology and lifespan shortening are two independent events in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tonoyama
- Branch Laboratory of Gene Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 2 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Minori Shinya
- Department of Biology, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oga
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishimaki
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0674, Japan
| | - Takafumi Katsumura
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0674, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oota
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0674, Japan
| | - Miles T Wan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bill W P Yip
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mok O L Helen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shinichi Chisada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomonori Deguchi
- Advanced Genome Design Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka 1-8-31, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Taniguchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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Abstract
Progeroid syndromes induced by mutations in lamin A or in its interactors – named progeroid laminopathies – are model systems for the dissection of the molecular pathways causing physiological and premature aging. A large amount of data, based mainly on the Hutchinson Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS), one of the best characterized progeroid laminopathy, has highlighted the role of lamins in multiple DNA activities, including replication, repair, chromatin organization and telomere function. On the other hand, the phenotypes generated by mutations affecting genes directly acting on DNA function, as mutations in the helicases WRN and BLM or in the polymerase polδ, share many of the traits of progeroid laminopathies. These evidences support the hypothesis of a concerted implication of DNA function and lamins in aging. We focus here on these aspects to contribute to the comprehension of the driving forces acting in progeroid syndromes and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy.,c Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
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Del Campo L, Hamczyk MR, Andrés V, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Mechanisms of vascular aging: What can we learn from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome? Clin Investig Arterioscler 2018; 30:120-132. [PMID: 29602596 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased prevalence of CVD is partly due to the global increase in life expectancy. In this context, it is essential to identify the mechanisms by which aging induces CVD, with the ultimate aim of reducing its incidence. Both atherosclerosis and heart failure significantly contribute to age-associated CVD morbidity and mortality. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the synthesis of progerin, which is noted for accelerated aging and CVD. This mutant form of prelamin A induces generalised atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities, leading to premature aging and death, mainly due to myocardial infarction and stroke. This review discusses the main vascular structural and functional abnormalities during physiological and premature aging, as well as the mechanisms involved in the exacerbated CVD and accelerated aging induced by the accumulation of progerin and prelamin A. Both proteins are expressed in non-HGPS individuals, and physiological aging shares many features of progeria. Research into HGPS could therefore shed light on novel mechanisms involved in the physiological aging of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Del Campo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España.
| | - José Martínez-González
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Programa ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
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11
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Abstract
Aging, the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is becoming progressively more prevalent in our societies. A better understanding of how aging promotes CVD is therefore urgently needed to develop new strategies to reduce disease burden. Atherosclerosis and heart failure contribute significantly to age-associated CVD-related morbimortality. CVD and aging are both accelerated in patients suffering from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a rare genetic disorder caused by the prelamin A mutant progerin. Progerin causes extensive atherosclerosis and cardiac electrophysiological alterations that invariably lead to premature aging and death. This review summarizes the main structural and functional alterations to the cardiovascular system during physiological and premature aging and discusses the mechanisms underlying exaggerated CVD and aging induced by prelamin A and progerin. Because both proteins are expressed in normally aging non-HGPS individuals, and most hallmarks of normal aging occur in progeria, research on HGPS can identify mechanisms underlying physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara del Campo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a proteinaceous meshwork situated underneath the inner nuclear membrane and is composed of nuclear lamin proteins, which are type-V intermediate filaments. The LMNA gene gives rise to lamin A and lamin C through alternative splicing. Mutations in LMNA cause multiple diseases known as laminopathies, including Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a premature aging disorder caused by a point mutation that activates a cryptic 5' splice site in exon 11, resulting in a 150 bp deletion in the LMNA mRNA and the production of the dominant lamin A isoform progerin. During RNA sequencing analysis of wild type and HGPS patient skin fibroblasts, we discovered two novel LMNA isoforms. LMNAΔ447 and LMNAΔ297 use an alternative 3' splice acceptor site in the 3' untranslated region, and either the HGPS cryptic 5' splice site in exon 11 or the wild type 5' splice site. Both isoforms are present at low levels in HGPS patient and wild type cells in multiple cell types. We validate and quantify the expression levels of these novel isoforms in HGPS and wild type fibroblasts. Overexpression of either LMNAΔ447 or LMNAΔ297 is not sufficient to induce the typical HGPS cellular disease phenotypes and no significant difference in the two isoforms were found between young and old fibroblasts. These results identify and characterize two novel RNA isoforms of LMNA produced through alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily DeBoy
- a National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Madaiah Puttaraju
- a National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Parthav Jailwala
- c CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Manjula Kasoji
- c CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- c CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- a National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Macedo JC, Vaz S, Logarinho E. Mitotic Dysfunction Associated with Aging Hallmarks. In: Gotta M, Meraldi P, editors. Cell Division Machinery and Disease. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. pp. 153-88. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tu Y, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Araújo-Vilar D, Fong LG, Young SG. LMNA missense mutations causing familial partial lipodystrophy do not lead to an accumulation of prelamin A. Nucleus 2017; 7:512-521. [PMID: 27841971 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1242542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of missense mutations in LMNA (the gene for lamin C and prelamin A) cause familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), a disease associated with reduced adipose tissue, particularly in the limbs. Several studies have reported that fibroblasts from FPLD subjects have an accumulation of prelamin A. Those findings were intriguing but also perplexing because many of the LMNA missense mutations associated with lipodystrophy are located in sequences distant from the sequences required for the farnesylation of prelamin A and ZMPSTE24-mediated conversion of prelamin A to mature lamin A. Here, we revisited the issue of prelamin A accumulation in the setting of FPLD mutations. We used western blots with lamin A/C antibodies and prelamin A-specific monoclonal antibodies to assess prelamin A levels in wild-type fibroblasts and fibroblasts carrying LMNA mutations associated with lipodystrophy (R482W, I299V, C591F, T528M). None of the mutant fibroblasts exhibited an accumulation of prelamin A. Also, the amount of prelamin A accumulation in response to lopinavir (an inhibitor of ZMPSTE24) was similar in wild-type and mutant fibroblasts. Thus, the LMNA lipodystrophy mutations that we examined did not lead to prelamin A accumulation, nor did they render those cells more susceptible to prelamin A accumulation when ZMPSTE24 was inhibited by lopinavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Tu
- a Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- c UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group , IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- c UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group , IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain
| | - Loren G Fong
- a Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- a Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Human Genetics , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Deniaud E, Lemaître C, Boyle S, Bickmore WA. Expression of progerin does not result in an increased mutation rate. Chromosome Res 2017; 25:227-39. [PMID: 28477268 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-017-9556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the premature ageing disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), the underlying genetic defect in the lamin A gene leads to accumulation at the nuclear lamina of progerin—a mutant form of lamin A that cannot be correctly processed. This has been reported to result in defects in the DNA damage response and in DNA repair, leading to the hypothesis that, as in normal ageing and in other progeroid syndromes caused by mutation of genes of the DNA repair and DNA damage response pathways, increased DNA damage may be responsible for the premature ageing phenotypes in HGPS patients. However, this hypothesis is based upon the study of markers of the DNA damage response, rather than measurement of DNA damage per se or the consequences of unrepaired DNA damage—mutation. Here, using a mutation reporter cell line, we directly compared the inherent and induced mutation rates in cells expressing wild-type lamin A or progerin. We find no evidence for an elevated mutation rate in progerin-expressing cells. We conclude that the cellular defect in HGPS cells does not lie in the repair of DNA damage per se.
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Ikeda Y, Kumagai H, Motozawa Y, Suzuki J, Akazawa H, Komuro I. Understanding Vascular Diseases: Lessons From Premature Aging Syndromes. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:650-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare premature aging disease presenting many features resembling the normal aging process. HGPS patients die before the age of 20 years due to cardiovascular problems and heart failure. HGPS is linked to mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the intermediate filament protein lamin A. Lamin A is a major component of the nuclear lamina, a scaffold structure at the nuclear envelope that defines mechanochemical properties of the nucleus and is involved in chromatin organization and epigenetic regulation. Lamin A is also present in the nuclear interior where it fulfills lamina-independent functions in cell signaling and gene regulation. The most common LMNA mutation linked to HGPS leads to mis-splicing of the LMNA mRNA and produces a mutant lamin A protein called progerin that tightly associates with the inner nuclear membrane and affects the dynamic properties of lamins. Progerin expression impairs many important cellular processes providing insight into potential disease mechanisms. These include changes in mechanosignaling, altered chromatin organization and impaired genome stability, and changes in signaling pathways, leading to impaired regulation of adult stem cells, defective extracellular matrix production and premature cell senescence. In this review, we discuss these pathways and their potential contribution to the disease pathologies as well as therapeutic approaches used in preclinical and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vidak
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Kubben N, Brimacombe KR, Donegan M, Li Z, Misteli T. A high-content imaging-based screening pipeline for the systematic identification of anti-progeroid compounds. Methods 2016; 96:46-58. [PMID: 26341717 PMCID: PMC6317068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is an early onset lethal premature aging disorder caused by constitutive production of progerin, a mutant form of the nuclear architectural protein lamin A. The presence of progerin causes extensive morphological, epigenetic and DNA damage related nuclear defects that ultimately disrupt tissue and organismal functions. Hypothesis-driven approaches focused on HGPS affected pathways have been used in attempts to identify druggable targets with anti-progeroid effects. Here, we report an unbiased discovery approach to HGPS by implementation of a high-throughput, high-content imaging based screening method that enables systematic identification of small molecules that prevent the formation of multiple progerin-induced aging defects. Screening a library of 2816 FDA approved drugs, we identified retinoids as a novel class of compounds that reverses aging defects in HGPS patient skin fibroblasts. These findings establish a novel approach to anti-progeroid drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nard Kubben
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyle R Brimacombe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Megan Donegan
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhuyin Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Mateos J, Landeira-Abia A, Fafián-Labora JA, Fernández-Pernas P, Lesende-Rodríguez I, Fernández-Puente P, Fernández-Moreno M, Delmiro A, Martín MA, Blanco FJ, Arufe MC. iTRAQ-based analysis of progerin expression reveals mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species accumulation and altered proteostasis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:119. [PMID: 26066325 PMCID: PMC4487579 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear accumulation of a mutant form of the nuclear protein Lamin-A, called Progerin (PG) or Lamin AΔ50, occurs in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) or Progeria, an accelerated aging disease. One of the main symptoms of this genetic disorder is a loss of sub-cutaneous fat due to a dramatic lipodystrophy. METHODS We stably induced the expression of human PG and GFP -Green Fluorescent Protein- as control in 3T3L1 cells using a lentiviral system to study the effect of PG expression in the differentiation capacity of this cell line, one of the most used adipogenic models. Quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ) was done to study the effect of the PG accumulation. Several of the modulated proteins were validated by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by measurement of a) the mitochondrial basal activity, b) the superoxide anion production and c) the individual efficiency of the different complex of the respiratory chain. RESULTS We found that over-expression PG by lentiviral gene delivery leads to a decrease in the proliferation rate and to defects in adipogenic capacity when compared to the control. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed 181 proteins significantly (p<0.05) modulated in PG-expressing preadipocytes. Mitochondrial function is impaired in PG-expressing cells. Specifically, we have detected an increase in the activity of the complex I and an overproduction of Superoxide anion. Incubation with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenger agents drives to a decrease in autophagic proteolysis as revealed by LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. CONCLUSION PG expression in 3T3L1 cells promotes changes in several Biological Processes, including structure of cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, calcium regulation, translation, protein folding and energy generation by the mitochondria. Our data strengthen the contribution of ROS accumulation to the premature aging phenotype and establish a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of proteostasis in HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateos
- Grupo de Proteómica-ProteoRed/Plataforma PBR2-ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Arancha Landeira-Abia
- Grupo de Proteómica-ProteoRed/Plataforma PBR2-ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Fafián-Labora
- Cellular Therapy and Medicine Regenerative Group, Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández-Pernas
- Cellular Therapy and Medicine Regenerative Group, Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
- Rheumatology Division, CIBER-BBN/ISCII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Iván Lesende-Rodríguez
- Cellular Therapy and Medicine Regenerative Group, Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Patricia Fernández-Puente
- Grupo de Proteómica-ProteoRed/Plataforma PBR2-ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Moreno
- Rheumatology Division, CIBER-BBN/ISCII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
- Grupo de Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Aitor Delmiro
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, E-28041, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, E-28041, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Proteómica-ProteoRed/Plataforma PBR2-ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
- Rheumatology Division, CIBER-BBN/ISCII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María C Arufe
- Cellular Therapy and Medicine Regenerative Group, Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
- Rheumatology Division, CIBER-BBN/ISCII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
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Moiseeva O, Lessard F, Acevedo-Aquino M, Vernier M, Tsantrizos YS, Ferbeyre G. Mutant lamin A links prophase to a p53 independent senescence program. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2408-21. [PMID: 26029982 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1053671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of oncogenes or short telomeres can trigger an anticancer response known as cellular senescence activating the p53 and RB tumor suppressor pathways. This mechanism is switched off in most tumor cells by mutations in p53 and RB signaling pathways. Surprisingly, p53 disabled tumor cells could be forced into senescence by expression of a mutant allele of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A. The pro-senescence lamin A mutant contains a deletion in the sequence required for processing by the protease ZMPSTE24 leading to accumulation of farnesylated lamin A in the nuclear envelope. In addition, the serine at position 22, a target for CDK1-dependent phosphorylation, was mutated to alanine, preventing CDK1-catalyzed nuclear envelope disassembly. The accumulation of this mutant lamin A compromised prophase to prometaphase transition leading to invaginations of the nuclear lamina, nuclear fragmentation and impaired chromosome condensation. Cells exited this impaired mitosis without cytokinesis and re-replicated their DNA ultimately arresting in interphase as polyploid cells with features of cellular senescence including increased expression of inflammatory gene products and a significant reduction of tumorigenicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Moiseeva
- a Département de Biochimie ; Université de Montréal ; C.P. 6128; Succ. Center-Ville; Montréal , QC Canada
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22
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Holland AJ, Reis RM, Niessen S, Pereira C, Andres DA, Spielmann HP, Cleveland DW, Desai A, Gassmann R. Preventing farnesylation of the dynein adaptor Spindly contributes to the mitotic defects caused by farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1845-56. [PMID: 25808490 PMCID: PMC4436830 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetochore-specific dynein adaptor Spindly is identified as a novel substrate of farnesyltransferase in human cells. Farnesylation is required for Spindly accumulation at kinetochores, and nonfarnesylated Spindly delays chromosome congression, providing new mechanistic insight into the biological effect of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. The clinical interest in farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) makes it important to understand how these compounds affect cellular processes involving farnesylated proteins. Mitotic abnormalities observed after treatment with FTIs have so far been attributed to defects in the farnesylation of the outer kinetochore proteins CENP-E and CENP-F, which are involved in chromosome congression and spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. Here we identify the cytoplasmic dynein adaptor Spindly as an additional component of the outer kinetochore that is modified by farnesyltransferase (FTase). We show that farnesylation of Spindly is essential for its localization, and thus for the proper localization of dynein and its cofactor dynactin, to prometaphase kinetochores and that Spindly kinetochore recruitment is more severely affected by FTase inhibition than kinetochore recruitment of CENP-E and CENP-F. Molecular replacement experiments show that both Spindly and CENP-E farnesylation are required for efficient chromosome congression. The identification of Spindly as a new mitotic substrate of FTase provides insight into the causes of the mitotic phenotypes observed with FTase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Holland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research/Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rita M Reis
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Physiological Proteomics, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Douglas A Andres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - H Peter Spielmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Chemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research/Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research/Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
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Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that form a scaffold, termed nuclear lamina, at the nuclear periphery. A small fraction of lamins also localize throughout the nucleoplasm. Lamins bind to a growing number of nuclear protein complexes and are implicated in both nuclear and cytoskeletal organization, mechanical stability, chromatin organization, gene regulation, genome stability, differentiation, and tissue-specific functions. The lamin-based complexes and their specific functions also provide insights into possible disease mechanisms for human laminopathies, ranging from muscular dystrophy to accelerated aging, as observed in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria and atypical Werner syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Oshima
- From the Department of Pathology (J.O., G.M.M.) and the Division of Medical Genetics (F.M.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (G.M.M.).
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- From the Department of Pathology (J.O., G.M.M.) and the Division of Medical Genetics (F.M.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (G.M.M.)
| | - George M Martin
- From the Department of Pathology (J.O., G.M.M.) and the Division of Medical Genetics (F.M.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (G.M.M.)
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Liu J, Yin X, Liu B, Zheng H, Zhou G, Gong L, Li M, Li X, Wang Y, Hu J, Krishnan V, Zhou Z, Wang Z. HP1α mediates defective heterochromatin repair and accelerates senescence in Zmpste24-deficient cells. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1237-47. [PMID: 24584199 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) interacts with various proteins, including lamins, to play versatile functions within nuclei, such as chromatin remodeling and DNA repair. Accumulation of prelamin A leads to misshapen nuclei, heterochromatin disorganization, genomic instability, and premature aging in Zmpste24-null mice. Here, we investigated the effects of prelamin A on HP1α homeostasis, subcellular distribution, phosphorylation, and their contribution to accelerated senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Zmpste24(-/-) mice. The results showed that the level of HP1α was significantly increased in Zmpste24(-/-) cells. Although prelamin A interacted with HP1α in a manner similar to lamin A, HP1α associated with the nuclease-resistant nuclear matrix fraction was remarkably increased in Zmpste24(-/-) MEFs compared with that in wild-type littermate controls. In wild-type cells, HP1α was phosphorylated at Thr50, and the phosphorylation was maximized around 30 min, gradually dispersed 2 h after DNA damage induced by camptothecin. However, the peak of HP1α phosphorylation was significantly compromised and appeared until 2 h, which is correlated with the delayed maximal formation of γ-H2AX foci in Zmpste24(-/-) MEFs. Furthermore, knocking down HP1α by siRNA alleviated the delayed DNA damage response and accelerated senescence in Zmpste24(-/-) MEFs, evidenced by the rescue of the delayed γ-H2AX foci formation, downregulation of p16, and reduction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Taken together, these findings establish a functional link between prelamin A, HP1α, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and early senescence in Zmpste24-deficient mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for laminopathy-based premature aging via the intervention of HP1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Yin
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China; Deparment of Biochemistry; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical College; Dong-guan, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Gong
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Youya Wang
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Deparment of Biochemistry; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zimei Wang
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
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Wu D, Flannery AR, Cai H, Ko E, Cao K. Nuclear localization signal deletion mutants of lamin A and progerin reveal insights into lamin A processing and emerin targeting. Nucleus 2014; 5:66-74. [PMID: 24637396 PMCID: PMC4028357 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.28068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A is a major component of the lamina, which creates a dynamic network underneath the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the lamin A gene (LMNA) cause severe genetic disorders, one of which is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a disease triggered by a dominant mutant named progerin. Unlike the wild-type lamin A, whose farnesylated C-terminus is excised during post-translational processing, progerin retains its farnesyl tail and accumulates on the nuclear membrane, resulting in abnormal nuclear morphology during interphase. In addition, membrane-associated progerin forms visible cytoplasmic aggregates in mitosis. To examine the potential effects of cytoplasmic progerin, nuclear localization signal (NLS) deleted progerin and lamin A (PGΔNLS and LAΔNLS, respectively) have been constructed. We find that both ΔNLS mutants are farnesylated in the cytosol and associate with a sub-domain of the ER via their farnesyl tails. While the farnesylation on LAΔNLS can be gradually removed, which leads to its subsequent release from the ER into the cytoplasm, PGΔNLS remains permanently farnesylated and membrane-bounded. Moreover, both ΔNLS mutants dominantly affect emerin’s nuclear localization. These results reveal new insights into lamin A biogenesis and lamin A-emerin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Andrew R Flannery
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Helen Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Eunae Ko
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
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Abstract
A clinical trial of a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor (lonafarnib) for the treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) was recently completed. Here, we discuss the mutation that causes HGPS, the rationale for inhibiting protein farnesyltransferase, the potential limitations of this therapeutic approach, and new potential strategies for treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. sgyoung@mednet
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Onono F, Subramanian T, Sunkara M, Subramanian KL, Spielmann HP, Morris AJ. Efficient use of exogenous isoprenols for protein isoprenylation by MDA-MB-231 cells is regulated independently of the mevalonate pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27444-27455. [PMID: 23908355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells can use exogenous isoprenols to generate isoprenoid diphosphate substrates for protein isoprenylation, but the mechanism, efficiency, and biological importance of this process are not known. We developed mass spectrometry-based methods using chemical probes and newly synthesized stable isotope-labeled tracers to quantitate incorporation of exogenously provided farnesol, geranylgeraniol, and unnatural analogs of these isoprenols containing an aniline group into isoprenoid diphosphates and protein isoprenylcysteines by cultured human cancer cell lines. We found that at exogenous isoprenol concentrations >10 μM, this process can generate as much as 50% of the cellular isoprenoid diphosphate pool used for protein isoprenylation. Mutational activation of p53 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells up-regulates the mevalonate pathway to promote tumor invasiveness. p53 silencing or pharmacological inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in these cells decreases protein isoprenylation from endogenously synthesized isoprenoids but enhances the use of exogenous isoprenols for this purpose, indicating that this latter process is regulated independently of the mevalonate pathway. Our observations suggest unique opportunities for design of cancer cell-directed therapies and may provide insights into mechanisms underlying pleiotropic therapeutic benefits and unwanted side effects of mevalonate pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Onono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry
| | - Thangaiah Subramanian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0200
| | - Karunai Leela Subramanian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0200
| | - H Peter Spielmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry.
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0200; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40502.
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Abstract
Mutations in nuclear lamins or other proteins of the nuclear envelope are the root cause of a group of phenotypically diverse genetic disorders known as laminopathies, which have symptoms that range from muscular dystrophy to neuropathy to premature aging syndromes. Although precise disease mechanisms remain unclear, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of not only laminopathies, but also the biological roles of nuclear structure. Nuclear envelope dysfunction is associated with altered nuclear activity, impaired structural dynamics, and aberrant cell signaling. Building on these findings, small molecules are being discovered that may become effective therapeutic agents.
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Adam SA, Butin-Israeli V, Cleland MM, Shimi T, Goldman RD. Disruption of lamin B1 and lamin B2 processing and localization by farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Nucleus 2013; 4:142-50. [PMID: 23475125 PMCID: PMC3621746 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A and the B-type lamins, lamin B1 and lamin B2, are translated as pre-proteins that are modified at a carboxyl terminal CAAX motif by farnesylation, proteolysis and carboxymethylation. Lamin A is further processed by proteolysis to remove the farnesyl, but B-type lamins remain permanently farnesylated. Two childhood diseases, Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome and restrictive dermopathy are caused by defects in the processing of lamin A, resulting in permanent farnesylation of the protein. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors, originally developed to target oncogenic Ras, have recently been used in clinical trials to treat children with Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Lamin B1 and lamin B2 play important roles in cell proliferation and organ development, but little is known about the role of farnesylation in their functions. Treating normal human fibroblasts with farnesyltransferase inhibitors causes the accumulation of unprocessed lamin B2 and lamin A and a decrease in mature lamin B1. Normally, lamins are concentrated at the nuclear envelope/lamina, but when farnesylation is inhibited, the peripheral localization of lamin B2 decreases as its nucleoplasmic levels increase. Unprocessed prelamin A distributes into both the nuclear envelope/lamina and nucleoplasm. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors also cause a rapid cell cycle arrest leading to cellular senescence. This study suggests that the long-term inhibition of protein farnesylation could have unforeseen consequences on nuclear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
The A- and B-type lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins in eukaryotic cells with a broad range of functions, including the organization of nuclear architecture and interaction with proteins in many cellular functions. Over 180 disease-causing mutations, termed 'laminopathies,' have been mapped throughout LMNA, the gene for A-type lamins in humans. Laminopathies can range from muscular dystrophies, cardiomyopathy, to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. A number of mouse lines carrying some of the same mutations as those resulting in human diseases have been established. These LMNA-related mouse models have provided valuable insights into the functions of lamin A biogenesis and the roles of individual A-type lamins during tissue development. This review groups these LMNA-related mouse models into three categories: null mutants, point mutants, and progeroid mutants. We compare their phenotypes and discuss their potential implications in laminopathies and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park; MD 20742; USA
| | - Julia E. Kieckhaefer
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park; MD 20742; USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park; MD 20742; USA
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De Loof A, De Haes W, Boerjan B, Schoofs L. The Fading Electricity Theory of Ageing: the missing biophysical principle? Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:58-66. [PMID: 22940501 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since a few years convincing data are accumulating showing that some of the premises of the master integrative theory of ageing, namely Harman's Reactive Oxygen Species or free radical theory, are less well founded than originally assumed. In addition, none of the about another dozen documented ageing mechanisms seems to hold the final answer as to the ultimate cause and evolutionary significance of ageing. This review raises the question whether, perhaps, something important has been overlooked, namely a biophysical principle, electrical in nature. The first cell on earth started to be alive when its system for generating its own electricity, carried by inorganic ions, became operational. Any cell dies at the very moment that this system irreversibly collapses. In between birth and death, the system is subject to wear and tear because any cell's overall repair system is not 100 percent waterproof; otherwise adaptation would not be an option. The Fading Electricity Theory of Ageing has all necessary properties for acting as a universal major integrative concept. The advent of novel methods will facilitate the study of bioelectrical phenomena with molecular biological methods in combination with optogenetics, thereby offering challenging possibilities for innovative research in evo-gero.
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Liu B, Wang Z, Zhang L, Ghosh S, Zheng H, Zhou Z. Depleting the methyltransferase Suv39h1 improves DNA repair and extends lifespan in a progeria mouse model. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1868. [PMID: 23695662 PMCID: PMC3674265 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A de novo G608G mutation in LMNA gene leads to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Mice lacking the prelamin A-processing metalloprotease, Zmpste24, recapitulate many of the progeroid features of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Here we show that A-type lamins interact with SUV39H1, and prelamin A/progerin exhibits enhanced binding capacity to SUV39H1, protecting it from proteasomal degradation and, consequently, increasing H3K9me3 levels. Depletion of Suv39h1 reduces H3K9me3 levels, restores DNA repair capacity and delays senescence in progeroid cells. Remarkably, loss of Suv39h1 in Zmpste24(-/-) mice delays body weight loss, increases bone mineral density and extends lifespan by ∼60%. Thus, increased H3K9me3 levels, possibly mediated by enhanced Suv39h1 stability in the presence of prelamin A/progerin, compromise genome maintenance, which in turn contributes to accelerated senescence in laminopathy-based premature aging. Our study provides an explanation for epigenetic alterations in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and a potential strategy for intervention by targeting SUV39H1-mediated heterochromatin remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zimei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Shrestha Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dong-guan 523808, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Zhavoronkov A, Smit-McBride Z, Guinan KJ, Litovchenko M, Moskalev A. Potential therapeutic approaches for modulating expression and accumulation of defective lamin A in laminopathies and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1361-89. [PMID: 23090008 PMCID: PMC3506837 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scientific understanding of the genetic components of aging has increased in recent years, with several genes being identified as playing roles in the aging process and, potentially, longevity. In particular, genes encoding components of the nuclear lamina in eukaryotes have been increasingly well characterized, owing in part to their clinical significance in age-related diseases. This review focuses on one such gene, which encodes lamin A, a key component of the nuclear lamina. Genetic variation in this gene can give rise to lethal, early-onset diseases known as laminopathies. Here, we analyze the literature and conduct computational analyses of lamin A signaling and intracellular interactions in order to examine potential mechanisms for altering or slowing down aberrant Lamin A expression and/or for restoring the ratio of normal to aberrant lamin A. The ultimate goal of such studies is to ameliorate or combat laminopathies and related diseases of aging, and we provide a discussion of current approaches in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
| | - Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kieran J. Guinan
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Kerry Technology Park, Tralee, County Kerry Ireland
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia
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Reunert J, Wentzell R, Walter M, Jakubiczka S, Zenker M, Brune T, Rust S, Marquardt T. Neonatal progeria: increased ratio of progerin to lamin A leads to progeria of the newborn. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:933-7. [PMID: 22419169 PMCID: PMC3421121 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an important model disease for premature ageing. Affected children appear healthy at birth, but develop the first symptoms during their first year of life. They die at an average age of 13 years, mostly because of myocardial infarction or stroke. Classical progeria is caused by the heterozygous point mutation c.1824C>T in the LMNA gene, which activates a cryptic splice site. The affected protein cannot be processed correctly to mature lamin A, but is modified into a farnesylated protein truncated by 50 amino acids (progerin). Three more variations in LMNA result in the same mutant protein, but different grades of disease severity. We describe a patient with the heterozygous LMNA mutation c.1821G>A, leading to neonatal progeria with death in the first year of life. Intracellular lamin A was downregulated in the patient's fibroblasts and the ratio of progerin to lamin A was increased when compared with HGPS. It is suggestive that the ratio of farnesylated protein to mature lamin A determines the disease severity in progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Reunert
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin - Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany
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Wang Y, Ostlund C, Choi JC, Swayne TC, Gundersen GG, Worman HJ. Blocking farnesylation of the prelamin A variant in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome alters the distribution of A-type lamins. Nucleus 2012; 3:452-62. [PMID: 22895092 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene that cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome lead to expression of a truncated, permanently farnesylated prelamin A variant called progerin. Blocking farnesylation leads to an improvement in the abnormal nuclear morphology observed in cells expressing progerin, which is associated with a re-localization of the variant protein from the nuclear envelope to the nuclear interior. We now show that a progerin construct that cannot be farnesylated is localized primarily in intranuclear foci and that its diffusional mobility is significantly greater than that of farnesylated progerin localized predominantly at the nuclear envelope. Expression of non-farnesylated progerin in transfected cells leads to a redistribution of lamin A and lamin C away from the nuclear envelope into intranuclear foci but does not significantly affect the localization of endogenous lamin B1 at nuclear envelope. There is a similar redistribution of lamin A and lamin C into intranuclear foci in transfected cells expressing progerin in which protein farnesylation is blocked by treatment with a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor. Blocking farnesylation of progerin can lead to a redistribution of normal A-type lamins away from the inner nuclear envelope. This may have implications for using drugs that block protein prenylation to treat children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. These findings also provide additional evidence that A-type and B-type lamins can form separate microdomains within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Wang
- Department of Medicine; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
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Butin-Israeli V, Adam SA, Goldman AE, Goldman RD. Nuclear lamin functions and disease. Trends Genet 2012; 28:464-71. [PMID: 22795640 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that premature cellular senescence and normal organ development and function depend on the type V intermediate filament proteins, the lamins, which are major structural proteins of the nucleus. This review presents an up-to-date summary of the literature describing new findings on lamin functions in various cellular processes and emphasizes the relationship between the lamins and devastating diseases ranging from premature aging to cancer. Recent insights into the structure and function of the A- and B- type lamins in normal cells and their dysfunctions in diseased cells are providing novel targets for the development of new diagnostic procedures and disease intervention. We summarize these recent findings, focusing on data from mice and humans, and highlight the expanding knowledge of these proteins in both healthy and diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butin-Israeli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Barrowman J, Wiley PA, Hudon-Miller SE, Hrycyna CA, Michaelis S. Human ZMPSTE24 disease mutations: residual proteolytic activity correlates with disease severity. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4084-93. [PMID: 22718200 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 plays a critical role in nuclear lamin biology by cleaving the prenylated and carboxylmethylated 15-amino acid tail from the C-terminus of prelamin A to yield mature lamin A. A defect in this proteolytic event, caused by a mutation in the lamin A gene (LMNA) that eliminates the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site, underlies the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Likewise, mutations in the ZMPSTE24 gene that result in decreased enzyme function cause a spectrum of diseases that share certain features of premature aging. Twenty human ZMPSTE24 alleles have been identified that are associated with three disease categories of increasing severity: mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MAD-B), severe progeria (atypical 'HGPS') and restrictive dermopathy (RD). To determine whether a correlation exists between decreasing ZMPSTE24 protease activity and increasing disease severity, we expressed mutant alleles of ZMPSTE24 in yeast and optimized in vivo yeast mating assays to directly compare the activity of alleles associated with each disease category. We also measured the activity of yeast crude membranes containing the ZMPSTE24 mutant proteins in vitro. We determined that, in general, the residual activity of ZMPSTE24 patient alleles correlates with disease severity. Complete loss-of-function alleles are associated with RD, whereas retention of partial, measureable activity results in MAD-B or severe progeria. Importantly, our assays can discriminate small differences in activity among the mutants, confirming that the methods presented here will be useful for characterizing any new ZMPSTE24 mutations that are discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Barrowman
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Abstract
The nuclear lamina is composed mainly of lamins A and C (A-type lamins) and lamins B1 and B2 (B-type lamins). Dogma has held that lamins B1 and B2 play unique and essential roles in the nucleus of every eukaryotic cell. Recent studies have raised doubts about that view but have uncovered crucial roles for lamins B1 and B2 in neuronal migration during the development of the brain. The relevance of lamins A and C in the brain remains unclear, but it is intriguing that prelamin A expression in the brain is low and is regulated by miR-9, a brain-specific microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hea-Jin Jung
- the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Méndez-lópez I, Worman HJ. Inner nuclear membrane proteins: impact on human disease. Chromosoma 2012; 121:153-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-012-0360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
A common feature of progeria syndromes is a premature aging phenotype and an enhanced accumulation of DNA damage arising from a compromised repair system. HGPS (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome) is a severe form of progeria in which patients accumulate progerin, a mutant lamin A protein derived from a splicing variant of the lamin A/C gene (LMNA). Progerin causes chromatin perturbations which result in the formation of DSBs (double-strand breaks) and abnormal DDR (DNA-damage response). In the present article, we review recent findings which resolve some mechanistic details of how progerin may disrupt DDR pathways in HGPS cells. We propose that progerin accumulation results in disruption of functions of some replication and repair factors, causing the mislocalization of XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum group A) protein to the replication forks, replication fork stalling and, subsequently, DNA DSBs. The binding of XPA to the stalled forks excludes normal binding by repair proteins, leading to DSB accumulation, which activates ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) checkpoints, and arresting cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R. Musich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614-0581, U.S.A
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614-0581, U.S.A
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Abstract
Nuclear lamins are intermediate filament proteins that polymerize to form the nuclear lamina on the inner aspect of the inner nuclear membrane. Long known to be essential for maintaining nuclear structure and disassembling/reassembling during mitosis in metazoans, research over the past dozen years has shown that mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins, particularly LMNA encoding the A-type lamins, cause a broad range of diverse diseases, often referred to as laminopathies. Lamins are expressed in all mammalian somatic cells but mutations in their genes lead to relatively tissue-selective disease phenotypes in most cases. While mutations causing laminopathies have been shown to produce abnormalities in nuclear morphology, how these disease-causing mutations or resultant alterations in nuclear structure lead to pathology is only starting to be understood. Despite the incomplete understanding of pathogenic mechanisms underlying the laminopathies, basic research in cellular and small animal models has produced promising leads for treatments of these rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Worman
- Departments of Medicine and of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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45
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Mehta IS, Eskiw CH, Arican HD, Kill IR, Bridger JM. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor treatment restores chromosome territory positions and active chromosome dynamics in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome cells. Genome Biol 2011; 12:R74. [PMID: 21838864 PMCID: PMC3245614 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-8-r74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature ageing syndrome that affects children leading to premature death, usually from heart infarction or strokes, making this syndrome similar to normative ageing. HGPS is commonly caused by a mutation in the A-type lamin gene, LMNA (G608G). This leads to the expression of an aberrant truncated lamin A protein, progerin. Progerin cannot be processed as wild-type pre-lamin A and remains farnesylated, leading to its aberrant behavior during interphase and mitosis. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors prevent the accumulation of farnesylated progerin, producing a less toxic protein. Results We have found that in proliferating fibroblasts derived from HGPS patients the nuclear location of interphase chromosomes differs from control proliferating cells and mimics that of control quiescent fibroblasts, with smaller chromosomes toward the nuclear interior and larger chromosomes toward the nuclear periphery. For this study we have treated HGPS fibroblasts with farnesyltransferase inhibitors and analyzed the nuclear location of individual chromosome territories. We have found that after exposure to farnesyltransferase inhibitors mis-localized chromosome territories were restored to a nuclear position akin to chromosomes in proliferating control cells. Furthermore, not only has this treatment afforded chromosomes to be repositioned but has also restored the machinery that controls their rapid movement upon serum removal. This machinery contains nuclear myosin 1β, whose distribution is also restored after farnesyltransferase inhibitor treatment of HGPS cells. Conclusions This study not only progresses the understanding of genome behavior in HGPS cells but demonstrates that interphase chromosome movement requires processed lamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita S Mehta
- Progeria Research Team, Centre for Cell and Chromosome Biology, Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, West London, UB8 3PH, UK
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Malhas A, Goulbourne C, Vaux DJ. The nucleoplasmic reticulum: form and function. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 21:362-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Qin Z, Kalinowski A, Dahl KN, Buehler MJ. Structure and stability of the lamin A tail domain and HGPS mutant. J Struct Biol 2011; 175:425-33. [PMID: 21635954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging syndrome caused by the expression and accumulation of a mutant form of lamin A, Δ50 lamin A. As a component of the cell's nucleoskeleton, lamin A plays an important role in the mechanical stabilization of the nuclear envelope and in other nuclear functions. It is largely unknown how the characteristic 50 amino acid deletion affects the conformation of the mostly intrinsically disordered tail domain of lamin A. Here we perform replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of the tail domain and determine an ensemble of semi-stable structures. Based on these structures we show that the ZMPSTE 24 cleavage site on the precursor form of the lamin A tail domain orients itself in such a way as to facilitate cleavage during the maturation process. We confirm our simulated structures by comparing the thermodynamic properties of the ensemble structures to in vitro stability measurements. Using this combination of experimental and computational techniques, we compare the size, heterogeneity of size, thermodynamic stability of the Ig-fold, as well as the mechanisms of force-induced denaturation. Our data shows that the Δ50 lamin A tail domain is more compact and displays less heterogeneity than the mature lamin A tail domain. Altogether these results suggest that the altered structure and stability of the tail domain can explain changed protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions and may represent an etiology of the disease. Also, this study provides the first molecular structure(s) of the lamin A tail domain, which is confirmed by thermodynamic tests in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qin
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Room 1-235A&B, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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