1
|
Yan X, Liang Y, Yamashita F, Baluška F. Investigation of Arabidopsis root skototropism with different distance settings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2348917. [PMID: 38704856 PMCID: PMC11073417 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2348917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants can activate protective and defense mechanisms under biotic and abiotic stresses. Their roots naturally grow in the soil, but when they encounter sunlight in the top-soil layers, they may move away from the light source to seek darkness. Here we investigate the skototropic behavior of roots, which promotes their fitness and survival. Glutamate-like receptors (GLRs) of plants play roles in sensing and responding to signals, but their role in root skototropism is not yet understood. Light-induced tropisms are known to be affected by auxin distribution, mainly determined by auxin efflux proteins (PIN proteins) at the root tip. However, the role of PIN proteins in root skototropism has not been investigated yet. To better understand root skototropism and its connection to the distance between roots and light, we established five distance settings between seedlings and darkness to investigate the variations in root bending tendencies. We compared differences in root skototropic behavior across different expression lines of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings (atglr3.7 ko, AtGLR3.7 OE, and pin2 knockout) to comprehend their functions. Our research shows that as the distance between roots and darkness increases, the root's positive skototropism noticeably weakens. Our findings highlight the involvement of GLR3.7 and PIN2 in root skototropism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yan
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yongshun Liang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felipe Yamashita
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baldet P, Mori K, Decros G, Beauvoit B, Colombié S, Prigent S, Pétriacq P, Gibon Y. Multi-regulated GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase calls the tune in ascorbate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2631-2643. [PMID: 38349339 PMCID: PMC11066804 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ascorbate is involved in numerous vital processes, in particular in response to abiotic but also biotic stresses whose frequency and amplitude increase with climate change. Ascorbate levels vary greatly depending on species, tissues, or stages of development, but also in response to stress. Since its discovery, the ascorbate biosynthetic pathway has been intensely studied and it appears that GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) is the enzyme with the greatest role in the control of ascorbate biosynthesis. Like other enzymes of this pathway, its expression is induced by various environmental and also developmental factors. Although mRNAs encoding it are among the most abundant in the transcriptome, the protein is only present in very small quantities. In fact, GGP translation is repressed by a negative feedback mechanism involving a small open reading frame located upstream of the coding sequence (uORF). Moreover, its activity is inhibited by a PAS/LOV type photoreceptor, the action of which is counteracted by blue light. Consequently, this multi-level regulation of GGP would allow fine control of ascorbate synthesis. Indeed, experiments varying the expression of GGP have shown that it plays a central role in response to stress. This new understanding will be useful for developing varieties adapted to future environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Baldet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Guillaume Decros
- Max Planck-Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bertrand Beauvoit
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gou X, Shao Y, Wang X, Shi H, Yu J, Li X, Guo T. Evolutionary patterns of DNA base composition at polymorphic sites highlight the role of the environment in shaping barley and rice genomes. THE PLANT GENOME 2024:e20456. [PMID: 38688857 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Insights into changes in genome base composition underlying crop domestication can be gained by using comparative genomics. With this approach, previous studies have reported that crop genomes during domestication accumulate more nucleotides adenine (A) and thymine (T) (termed as [AT]-increase) across polymorphic sites. However, the potential influence of the environment or its factors, for example, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature, on the [AT]-increase has not been well elucidated. Here, we investigated the [AT]-increase in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the association with natural environments, where accessions are distributed. With 12,798,376 and 2,861,535 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 368 barley and 1375 rice accessions, respectively, we discovered that [AT] increases from wild accessions to improved cultivars, and genomic regions with larger [AT]-increase tend to have higher UV-related motif frequencies, suggesting solar UV radiation as a potential factor in driving genome variation. To link [AT] change with the geographic distribution, we gathered georeferenced accessions and examined their local environments. Interestingly, negative correlations between [AT] and environmental factors were observed (r = -0.39 ∼ -0.75) and modern accessions with higher [AT] values, as compared with wild relatives, are from the environments with lower solar UV radiation or lower temperature. With [AT] and environmental factors as phenotypes, genome-wide association mapping identified three candidate genes that have the potential to contribute to [AT] variation under the effect of environmental conditions. Our findings provide genomic and environmental insights into evolutionary pattern of DNA base composition and underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Gou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wenjiang, China
| | - Jianming Yu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Xianran Li
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tingting Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huq E, Lin C, Quail PH. Light signaling in plants-a selective history. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:213-231. [PMID: 38431282 PMCID: PMC11060691 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In addition to providing the radiant energy that drives photosynthesis, sunlight carries signals that enable plants to grow, develop and adapt optimally to the prevailing environment. Here we trace the path of research that has led to our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's capacity to perceive and transduce these signals into appropriate growth and developmental responses. Because a fully comprehensive review was not possible, we have restricted our coverage to the phytochrome and cryptochrome classes of photosensory receptors, while recognizing that the phototropin and UV classes also contribute importantly to the full scope of light-signal monitoring by the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peter H Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang M, Xu H, Zhou Q, Xiao J, Su Y, Wang M. The nutritional profile of chia seeds and sprouts: tailoring germination practices for enhancing health benefits-a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38622873 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2337220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Chia seeds have gained significant attention due to their unique composition and potential health benefits, including high dietary fibers, omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, and phenolic compounds. These components contribute to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as their ability to improve glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia. Germination is recognized as a promising strategy to enhance the nutritional value and bioavailability of chia seeds. Chia seed sprouts have been found to exhibit increased essential amino acid content, elevated levels of dietary fiber and total phenols, and enhanced antioxidant capability. However, there is limited information available concerning the dynamic changes of bioactive compounds during the germination process and the key factors influencing these alterations in biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, the influence of various processing conditions, such as temperature, light exposure, and duration, on the nutritional value of chia seed sprouts requires further investigation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional profile of chia seeds and the dynamic changes that occur during germination. Furthermore, the potential for tailored germination practices to produce chia sprouts with personalized nutrition, targeting specific health needs, is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manting Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yuting Su
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rredhi A, Petersen J, Wagner V, Vuong T, Li W, Li W, Schrader L, Mittag M. The UV-A Receptor CRY-DASH1 Up- and Downregulates Proteins Involved in Different Plastidial Pathways. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168271. [PMID: 37699454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Algae encode up to five different types of cryptochrome photoreceptors. So far, relatively little is known about the biological functions of the DASH (Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis and Homo)-type cryptochromes. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes two of them. CRY-DASH1 also called DCRY1 has its maximal absorption peak in the UV-A range. It is localized in the chloroplast and plays an important role in balancing the photosynthetic machinery. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of chloroplast proteins from wild type and a knockout mutant of CRY-DASH1 named cry-dash1mut, using label-free quantitative proteomics as well as immunoblotting. Our results show upregulation of enzymes involved in specific pathways in the mutant including key enzymes of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis consistent with increased levels of photosynthetic pigments in cry-dash1mut. There is also an increase in certain redox as well as photosystem I and II proteins, including D1. Strikingly, CRY-DASH1 is coregulated in a D1 deletion mutant, where its amount is increased. In contrast, key proteins of the central carbon metabolism, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, dark fermentation and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway are downregulated in cry-dash1mut. Similarly, enzymes of histidine biosynthesis are downregulated in cry-dash1mut leading to a reduction in the amount of free histidine. Yet, transcripts encoding for several of these proteins are at a similar level in the wild type and cry-dash1mut or even opposite. We show that CRY-DASH1 can bind to RNA, taking the psbA RNA encoding D1 as target. These data suggest that CRY-DASH1 regulates plastidial metabolic pathways at the posttranscriptional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anxhela Rredhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Petersen
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany. https://twitter.com/1anPetersen
| | - Volker Wagner
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Trang Vuong
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany. https://twitter.com/trangha593
| | - Wenshuang Li
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Schrader
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Łabuz J, Banaś AK, Zgłobicki P, Bażant A, Sztatelman O, Giza A, Lasok H, Prochwicz A, Kozłowska-Mroczek A, Jankowska U, Hermanowicz P. Phototropin2 3'UTR overlaps with the AT5G58150 gene encoding an inactive RLK kinase. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38238701 PMCID: PMC10795372 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the biological implications of an overlap between two sequences in the Arabidopsis genome, the 3'UTR of the PHOT2 gene and a putative AT5G58150 gene, encoded on the complementary strand. AT5G58150 is a probably inactive protein kinase that belongs to the transmembrane, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase family. Phot2 is a membrane-bound UV/blue light photoreceptor kinase. Thus, both proteins share their cellular localization, on top of the proximity of their loci. RESULTS The extent of the overlap between 3'UTR regions of AT5G58150 and PHOT2 was found to be 66 bp, using RACE PCR. Both the at5g58150 T-DNA SALK_093781C (with insertion in the promoter region) and 35S::AT5G58150-GFP lines overexpress the AT5G58150 gene. A detailed analysis did not reveal any substantial impact of PHOT2 or AT5G58150 on their mutual expression levels in different light and osmotic stress conditions. AT5G58150 is a plasma membrane protein, with no apparent kinase activity, as tested on several potential substrates. It appears not to form homodimers and it does not interact with PHOT2. Lines that overexpress AT5G58150 exhibit a greater reduction in lateral root density due to salt and osmotic stress than wild-type plants, which suggests that AT5G58150 may participate in root elongation and formation of lateral roots. In line with this, mass spectrometry analysis identified proteins with ATPase activity, which are involved in proton transport and cell elongation, as putative interactors of AT5G58150. Membrane kinases, including other members of the LRR RLK family and BSK kinases (positive regulators of brassinosteroid signalling), can also act as partners for AT5G58150. CONCLUSIONS AT5G58150 is a membrane protein that does not exhibit measurable kinase activity, but is involved in signalling through interactions with other proteins. Based on the interactome and root architecture analysis, AT5G58150 may be involved in plant response to salt and osmotic stress and the formation of roots in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Łabuz
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Zgłobicki
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Bażant
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Sztatelman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Giza
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Lasok
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Prochwicz
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kozłowska-Mroczek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Hermanowicz
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seyedi FS, Nafchi MG, Reezi S. Effects of light spectra on morphological characteristics, primary and specialized metabolites of Thymus vulgaris L. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23032. [PMID: 38148820 PMCID: PMC10750077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental factor that profoundly influences the growth and development of plants. However, the precise mechanisms by which light affects biochemical processes and growth and development factors in Thymus vulgaris remain unknown, necessitating further investigation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the impact of different light spectra, including red, blue, red-blue, and white lights, on the morphological characteristics, primary, and specialized metabolites of T. vulgaris. Compared to white light, red light significantly increased leaf area (by 64 %), the number of branches (by 132 %), and dry weight (by 6.2 %), although a 40 % reduction in fresh weight was observed under red light conditions. Red-blue light notably enhanced canopy width, fresh weight, and dry weight. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the plant's essential oil (EO) revealed that p-Cymene and γ-Terpinene were present at the highest levels. Notably, p-Cymene exhibited the highest concentrations under white light and blue light treatments, reaching 60.92 % and 59.53 %, respectively. Moreover, under the same light conditions, phenol and antioxidant levels were significantly elevated. Overall, these findings indicate that red and red-blue light spectra are the most favorable for thyme production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forouh Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi Nafchi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| | - Saeed Reezi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Sun X, Aphalo PJ, Zhang Y, Cheng R, Li T. Ultraviolet-A1 radiation induced a more favorable light-intercepting leaf-area display than blue light and promoted plant growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:197-212. [PMID: 37743709 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants adjust their morphology in response to light environment by sensing an array of light cues. Though the wavelengths of ultraviolet-A1 radiation (UV-A1, 350-400 nm) are close to blue light (B, 400-500 nm) and share same flavoprotein photoreceptors, it remains poorly understood how plant responses to UV-A1 radiation could differ from those to B. We initially grown tomato plants under monochromatic red light (R, 660 nm) as control, subsequently transferred them to four dichromatic light treatments containing ~20 µmol m-2 s-1 of UV-A1 radiation, peaking at 370 nm (UV-A370 ) or 400 nm (V400 ), or B (450 nm, at ~20 or 1.5 µmol m-2 s-1 ), with same total photon irradiance (~200 μmol m-2 s-1 ). We show that UV-A370 radiation was the most effective in inducing light-intercepting leaf-area display formation, resulting in larger leaf area and more shoot biomass, while it triggered weaker and later transcriptome-wide responses than B. Mechanistically, UV-A370 -promoted leaf-area display response was apparent in less than 12 h and appeared as very weakly related to transcriptome level regulation, which likely depended on the auxin transportation and cell wall acidification. This study revealed wavelength-specific responses within UV-A/blue region challenging usual assumptions that the role of UV-A1 radiation function similarly as blue light in mediating plant processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuguang Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kanojia A, Bhola D, Mudgil Y. Light signaling as cellular integrator of multiple environmental cues in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1485-1503. [PMID: 38076763 PMCID: PMC10709290 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile need to rapidly adapt to the constantly changing environment through modifications in their internal clock, metabolism, and gene expression. They have evolved an intricate system to perceive and transfer the signals from the primary environmental factors namely light, temperature and water to regulate their growth development and survival. Over past few decades rigorous research using molecular genetics approaches, especially in model plant Arabidopsis, has resulted in substantial progress in discovering various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components. In parallel several molecular pathways operating in response to other environmental cues have also been elucidated. Interestingly, the studies have shown that expression profiles of genes involved in photomorphogenesis can undergo modulation in response to other cues from the environment. Recently, the photoreceptor, PHYB, has been shown to function as a thermosensor. Downstream components of light signaling pathway like COP1 and PIF have also emerged as integrating hubs for various kinds of signals. All these findings indicate that light signaling components may act as central integrator of various environmental cues to regulate plant growth and development processes. In this review, we present a perspective on cross talk of signaling mechanisms induced in response to myriad array of signals and their integration with the light signaling components. By putting light signals on the central stage, we propose the possibilities of enhancing plant resilience to the changing environment by fine-tuning the genetic manipulation of its signaling components in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kanojia
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Diksha Bhola
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Yashwanti Mudgil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pashkovskiy P, Khalilova L, Vereshchagin M, Voronkov A, Ivanova T, Kosobryukhov AA, Allakhverdiev SI, Kreslavski VD, Kuznetsov VV. Impact of varying light spectral compositions on photosynthesis, morphology, chloroplast ultrastructure, and expression of light-responsive genes in Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108044. [PMID: 37776673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Marchantia polymorpha is a convenient model for studying light of different spectral compositions on various physiological and biochemical processes because its photoreceptor system is vastly simplified. The influence of red light (RL, 660 nm), far-red light (FRL, 730 nm), blue light (BL, 450 nm), and green light (GL, 525 nm) compared to white light (high-pressure sodium light (HPSL), white LEDs (WL 450 + 580 nm) and white fluorescent light (WFL) on photosynthetic and transpiration rates, photosystem II (PSII) activity, photomorphogenesis, and the expression of light and hormonal signaling genes was studied. The ultrastructure of the chloroplasts in different tissues of the gametophyte M. polymorpha was examined. FRL led to the formation of agranal chloroplasts (in the epidermis and the chlorenchyma) with a high starch content (in the parenchyma), which led to a reduced intensity of photosynthesis. BL increased the transcription of genes for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites - chalcone synthase (CHS), cellulose synthase (CELL), and L-ascorbate peroxidase (APOX3), which is consistent with the increased activity of low-molecular weight antioxidants. FRL increased the expression of phytochrome apoprotein (PHY) and cytokinin oxidase (CYTox) genes, but the expression of the phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) gene decreased, which was accompanied by a significant change in gametophyte morphology. Analysis of crosstalk gene expression, and changes in morphology and photosynthetic activity was carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila Khalilova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Alexander Voronkov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Anatoliy A Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim SH, Park JH, Kim EJ, Lee JM, Park JW, Kim YS, Kim GR, Lee JS, Lee EP, You YH. White LED Lighting Increases the Root Productivity of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in a Hydroponic Cultivation System of a Plant Factory. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1052. [PMID: 37626938 PMCID: PMC10452227 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
To identify effective light spectra for increasing the productivity of Panax ginseng, we conducted experiments in a controlled environment using a hydroponic cultivation system in a plant factory. We investigated the effect of single LEDs (red, blue, and yellow) and mixed LEDs (red + blue and red + blue + white). The relationships between four light spectra (red, blue, yellow, and white) and physiological responses (net photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 partial pressure), as well as growth responses (shoot and root biomass), were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. Among the four physiological response variables, shoot biomass was not increased by any pathway, and root biomass was increased only by the intercellular CO2 partial pressure. Red and yellow light increased shoot biomass, whereas white light promoted an increase in the net photosynthetic rate and enhanced root biomass. In contrast, blue light was less effective than the other light spectra in increasing both shoot and root biomass. Therefore, red and yellow light are the most effective light spectra for increasing shoot biomass and white light is effective for increasing root biomass in a plant factory that uses artificial LED lighting. Furthermore, the intercellular CO2 partial pressure is an important physiological variable for increasing the root biomass of P. ginseng.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Eui-Joo Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Yoon-Seo Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Gyu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Ju-Seon Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Eung-Pill Lee
- National Ecosystem Survey Team, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Han You
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.); (E.-J.K.); (J.-M.L.); (J.-W.P.); (Y.-S.K.); (G.-R.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bournonville C, Mori K, Deslous P, Decros G, Blomeier T, Mauxion JP, Jorly J, Gadin S, Cassan C, Maucourt M, Just D, Brès C, Rothan C, Ferrand C, Fernandez-Lochu L, Bataille L, Miura K, Beven L, Zurbriggen MD, Pétriacq P, Gibon Y, Baldet P. Blue light promotes ascorbate synthesis by deactivating the PAS/LOV photoreceptor that inhibits GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2615-2634. [PMID: 37052931 PMCID: PMC10291033 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is an essential antioxidant in fresh fruits and vegetables. To gain insight into the regulation of ascorbate metabolism in plants, we studied mutant tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) that produce ascorbate-enriched fruits. The causal mutation, identified by a mapping-by-sequencing strategy, corresponded to a knock-out recessive mutation in a class of photoreceptor named PAS/LOV protein (PLP), which acts as a negative regulator of ascorbate biosynthesis. This trait was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and further found in all plant organs, including fruit that accumulated 2 to 3 times more ascorbate than in the WT. The functional characterization revealed that PLP interacted with the 2 isoforms of GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP), known as the controlling step of the L-galactose pathway of ascorbate synthesis. The interaction with GGP occurred in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, but was abolished when PLP was truncated. These results were confirmed by a synthetic approach using an animal cell system, which additionally demonstrated that blue light modulated the PLP-GGP interaction. Assays performed in vitro with heterologously expressed GGP and PLP showed that PLP is a noncompetitive inhibitor of GGP that is inactivated after blue light exposure. This discovery provides a greater understanding of the light-dependent regulation of ascorbate metabolism in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bournonville
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Kentaro Mori
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Deslous
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guillaume Decros
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Tim Blomeier
- Institute of Synthetic Biology—CEPLAS—Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Joana Jorly
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Gadin
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cédric Cassan
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mickael Maucourt
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Just
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Brès
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Carine Ferrand
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lucie Fernandez-Lochu
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laure Bataille
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Kenji Miura
- Tsukuba Innovation Plant Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Laure Beven
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology—CEPLAS—Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Baldet
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE,33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cerón-Bustamante M, Tini F, Beccari G, Benincasa P, Covarelli L. Effect of Different Light Wavelengths on Zymoseptoria tritici Development and Leaf Colonization in Bread Wheat. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:670. [PMID: 37367606 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici can respond to light by modulating its gene expression. Because several virulence-related genes are differentially expressed in response to light, different wavelengths could have a crucial role in the Z. tritici-wheat interaction. To explore this opportunity, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of blue (470 nm), red (627 nm), blue-red, and white light on the in vitro and in planta development of Z. tritici. The morphology (mycelium appearance, color) and phenotypic (mycelium growth) characteristics of a Z. tritici strain were evaluated after 14 days under the different light conditions in two independent experiments. In addition, bread wheat plants were artificially inoculated with Z. tritici and grown for 35 days under the same light treatments. The disease incidence, severity, and fungal DNA were analyzed in a single experiment. Statistical differences were determined by using an ANOVA. The obtained results showed that the different light wavelengths induced specific morphological changes in mycelial growth. The blue light significantly reduced colony growth, while the dark and red light favored fungal development (p < 0.05). The light quality also influenced host colonization, whereby the white and red light had stimulating and repressing effects, respectively (p < 0.05). This precursory study demonstrated the influence of light on Z. tritici colonization in bread wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minely Cerón-Bustamante
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fraikin GY, Belenikina NS, Rubin AB. Molecular Bases of Signaling Processes Regulated by Cryptochrome Sensory Photoreceptors in Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:770-782. [PMID: 37748873 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The blue-light sensors, cryptochromes, compose the extensive class of flavoprotein photoreceptors, regulating signaling processes in plants underlying their development, growth, and metabolism. In several algae, cryptochromes may act not only as sensory photoreceptors but also as photolyases, catalyzing repair of the UV-induced DNA lesions. Cryptochromes bind FAD as the chromophore at the photolyase homologous region (PHR) domain and contain the cryptochrome C-terminal extension (CCE), which is absent in photolyases. Photosensory process in cryptochrome is initiated by photochemical chromophore conversions, including formation of the FAD redox forms. In the state with the chromophore reduced to neutral radical (FADH×), the photoreceptor protein undergoes phosphorylation, conformational changes, and disengagement from the PHR domain and CCE with subsequent formation of oligomers of cryptochrome molecules. Photooligomerization is a structural basis of the functional activities of cryptochromes, since it ensures formation of their complexes with a variety of signaling proteins, including transcriptional factors and regulators of transcription. Interactions in such complexes change the protein signaling activities, leading to regulation of gene expression and plant photomorphogenesis. In recent years, multiple papers, reporting novel, more detailed information about the molecular mechanisms of above-mentioned processes were published. The present review mainly focuses on analysis of the data contained in these publications, particularly regarding structural aspects of the cryptochrome transitions into photoactivated states and regulatory signaling processes mediated by the cryptochrome photoreceptors in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey B Rubin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
da Fonseca-Pereira P, Monteiro-Batista RDC, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Harnessing enzyme cofactors and plant metabolism: an essential partnership. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1014-1036. [PMID: 36861364 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants are a critical source of several cofactors (i.e., including their vitamin precursors) within the context of human nutrition, there have been several studies aiming to understand the metabolism of coenzymes and vitamins in plants in detail. For example, compelling evidence has been brought forth regarding the role of cofactors in plants; specifically, it is becoming increasingly clear that an adequate supply of cofactors in plants directly affects their development, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the significance of coenzymes and their precursors with regard to general plant physiology and discuss the emerging functions attributed to them. Furthermore, we discuss how our understanding of the complex relationship between cofactors and plant metabolism can be used for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Monteiro-Batista
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mérai Z, Xu F, Musilek A, Ackerl F, Khalil S, Soto-Jiménez LM, Lalatović K, Klose C, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Strnad M, Mittelsten Scheid O. Phytochromes mediate germination inhibition under red, far-red, and white light in Aethionema arabicum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1584-1602. [PMID: 36861637 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The view on the role of light during seed germination stems mainly from studies with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where light is required to initiate this process. In contrast, white light is a strong inhibitor of germination in other plants, exemplified by accessions of Aethionema arabicum, another member of Brassicaceae. Their seeds respond to light with gene expression changes of key regulators converse to that of Arabidopsis, resulting in opposite hormone regulation and prevention of germination. However, the photoreceptors involved in this process in A. arabicum remain unknown. Here, we screened a mutant collection of A. arabicum and identified koy-1, a mutant that lost light inhibition of germination due to a deletion in the promoter of HEME OXYGENASE 1, the gene for a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the phytochrome chromophore. koy-1 seeds were unresponsive to red- and far-red light and hyposensitive under white light. Comparison of hormone and gene expression between wild type and koy-1 revealed that very low light fluence stimulates germination, while high irradiance of red and far-red light is inhibitory, indicating a dual role of phytochromes in light-regulated seed germination. The mutation also affects the ratio between the 2 fruit morphs of A. arabicum, suggesting that light reception via phytochromes can fine-tune several parameters of propagation in adaptation to conditions in the habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Mérai
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Fei Xu
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Andreas Musilek
- Technical University of Vienna, TRIGA Center Atominstitut, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - Florian Ackerl
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Sarhan Khalil
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Luz Mayela Soto-Jiménez
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Katarina Lalatović
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Cornelia Klose
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Waksman T, Suetsugu N, Hermanowicz P, Ronald J, Sullivan S, Łabuz J, Christie JM. Phototropin phosphorylation of ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 and its role in mediating phototropism, leaf positioning, and chloroplast accumulation movement in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:390-402. [PMID: 36794876 PMCID: PMC10953443 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Directional movements impact the ability of plants to respond and adjust their growth accordingly to the prevailing light environment. The plasma-membrane associated protein, ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) is a key signalling component involved in chloroplast accumulation movement, leaf positioning, and phototropism, all of which are regulated redundantly by the ultraviolet/blue light-activated AGC kinases phototropin 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2). We recently demonstrated that members of the NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3)/RPT2-like (NRL) family in Arabidopsis thaliana, including RPT2, are directly phosphorylated by phot1. However, whether RPT2 is a substrate for phot2, and the biological significance of phot phosphorylation of RPT2 remains to be determined. Here, we show that RPT2 is phosphorylated by both phot1 and phot2 at a conserved serine residue (S591) within the C-terminal region of the protein. Blue light triggered the association of 14-3-3 proteins with RPT2 consistent with S591 acting as a 14-3-3 binding site. Mutation of S591 had no effect on the plasma membrane localization of RPT2 but reduced its functionality for leaf positioning and phototropism. Moreover, our findings indicate that S591 phosphorylation within the C-terminus of RPT2 is required for chloroplast accumulation movement to low level blue light. Taken together, these findings further highlight the importance of the C-terminal region of NRL proteins and how its phosphorylation contributes to phot receptor signalling in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Waksman
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowBower BuildingGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Noriyuki Suetsugu
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowBower BuildingGlasgowG12 8QQUK
- Graduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyo153‐8902Japan
| | - Pawel Hermanowicz
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakówPoland
| | - James Ronald
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowBower BuildingGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Stuart Sullivan
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowBower BuildingGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Justyna Łabuz
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakówPoland
| | - John M. Christie
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowBower BuildingGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mira MM, Day S, Ibrahim S, Hill RD, Stasolla C. The Arabidopsis Phytoglobin 2 mediates phytochrome B (phyB) light signaling responses during somatic embryogenesis. PLANTA 2023; 257:88. [PMID: 36976396 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the light induction of somatic embryogenesis, phyB-Pfr suppresses Phytoglobin 2, known to elevate nitric oxide (NO). NO depresses Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) relieving its inhibition on embryogenesis through auxin. An obligatory step of many in vitro embryogenic systems is the somatic-embryogenic transition culminating with the formation of the embryogenic tissue. In Arabidopsis, this transition requires light and is facilitated by high levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by either suppression of the NO scavenger Phytoglobin 2 (Pgb2), or its removal from the nucleus. Using a previously characterized induction system regulating the cellular localization of Pgb2, we demonstrated the interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and Pgb2 during the formation of embryogenic tissue. The deactivation of phyB in the dark coincides with the induction of Pgb2 known to reduce the level of NO; consequently, embryogenesis is inhibited. Under light conditions, the active form of phyB depresses the levels of Pgb2 transcripts, thus expecting an increase in cellular NO. Induction of Pgb2 increases Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) suggesting that high levels of NO repress PIF4. The PIF4 inhibition is sufficient to induce several auxin biosynthetic (CYP79B2, AMI1, and YUCCA 1, 2, and 6) and response (ARF5, 8, and 16) genes, conducive to the formation of the embryonic tissue and production of somatic embryos. Auxin responses mediated by ARF10 and 17 appear to be regulated by Pgb2, possibly through NO, in a PIF4-independent fashion. Overall, this work provides a new and preliminary model integrating Pgb2 (and NO) with phyB in the light regulation of in vitro embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sam Day
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shimaa Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yun F, Liu H, Deng Y, Hou X, Liao W. The Role of Light-Regulated Auxin Signaling in Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065253. [PMID: 36982350 PMCID: PMC10049345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The root is an important organ for obtaining nutrients and absorbing water and carbohydrates, and it depends on various endogenous and external environmental stimulations such as light, temperature, water, plant hormones, and metabolic constituents. Auxin, as an essential plant hormone, can mediate rooting under different light treatments. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the functions and mechanisms of light-regulated auxin signaling in root development. Some light-response components such as phytochromes (PHYs), cryptochromes (CRYs), phototropins (PHOTs), phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and constitutive photo-morphorgenic 1 (COP1) regulate root development. Moreover, light mediates the primary root, lateral root, adventitious root, root hair, rhizoid, and seminal and crown root development via the auxin signaling transduction pathway. Additionally, the effect of light through the auxin signal on root negative phototropism, gravitropism, root greening and the root branching of plants is also illustrated. The review also summarizes diverse light target genes in response to auxin signaling during rooting. We conclude that the mechanism of light-mediated root development via auxin signaling is complex, and it mainly concerns in the differences in plant species, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), changes of transcript levels and endogenous IAA content. Hence, the effect of light-involved auxin signaling on root growth and development is definitely a hot issue to explore in the horticultural studies now and in the future.
Collapse
|
21
|
Breen S, McLellan H, Birch PRJ, Gilroy EM. Tuning the Wavelength: Manipulation of Light Signaling to Control Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043803. [PMID: 36835216 PMCID: PMC9958957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth-defense trade-off in plants is a phenomenon whereby plants must balance the allocation of their resources between developmental growth and defense against attack by pests and pathogens. Consequently, there are a series of points where growth signaling can negatively regulate defenses and where defense signaling can inhibit growth. Light perception by various photoreceptors has a major role in the control of growth and thus many points where it can influence defense. Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate defense signaling in their hosts. Evidence is emerging that some of these effectors target light signaling pathways. Several effectors from different kingdoms of life have converged on key chloroplast processes to take advantage of regulatory crosstalk. Moreover, plant pathogens also perceive and react to light in complex ways to regulate their own growth, development, and virulence. Recent work has shown that varying light wavelengths may provide a novel way of controlling or preventing disease outbreaks in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Breen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Hazel McLellan
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Eleanor M. Gilroy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1382568827
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xin GY, Li LP, Wang PT, Li XY, Han YJ, Zhao X. The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:50. [PMID: 37676522 PMCID: PMC10441985 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
To cope with fluctuating light conditions, terrestrial plants have evolved precise regulation mechanisms to help optimize light capture and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Upon blue light-triggered autophosphorylation, activated phototropin (PHOT1 and PHOT2) photoreceptors function solely or redundantly to regulate diverse responses, including phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf positioning and flattening in plants. These responses enhance light capture under low-light conditions and avoid photodamage under high-light conditions. NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) and ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) are signal transducers that function in the PHOT1- and PHOT2-mediated response. NPH3 is required for phototropism, leaf expansion and positioning. RPT2 regulates chloroplast accumulation as well as NPH3-mediated responses. NRL PROTEIN FOR CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 (NCH1) was recently identified as a PHOT1-interacting protein that functions redundantly with RPT2 to mediate chloroplast accumulation. The PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) proteins (PKS1, PKS2, and PKS4) interact with PHOT1 and NPH3 and mediate hypocotyl phototropic bending. This review summarizes advances in phototropic growth and chloroplast movement induced by light. We also focus on how crosstalk in signaling between phototropism and chloroplast movement enhances weak light capture, providing a basis for future studies aiming to delineate the mechanism of light-trapping plants to improve light-use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Peng-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuan-Ji Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lebedeva M, Komakhin R, Konovalova L, Ivanova L, Taranov V, Monakhova Y, Babakov A, Klepikova A, Zlobin N. Development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants with StLEAFY knockout. PLANTA 2022; 256:116. [PMID: 36374358 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
StLFY-knockout potato plants were developed using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Inflorescences of edited plants transited to flowering, but inflorescence structures lacked flowers and were indeterminate, producing multiple shoot meristems. The tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important agricultural crop worldwide. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to inactivate the potato homolog (StLFY) of the LEAFY gene-a key regulator of the transition to flowering and floral meristem identity-in a tetraploid potato cultivar. We achieved high rates of all-allelic knockouts. Frameshift indels led to phenotypic alterations, including indeterminate inflorescence development and the replacement of flowers with the leafy-like structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lebedeva
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman Komakhin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Konovalova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov Ivanova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Taranov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Monakhova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Babakov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Klepikova
- Institute for Information, Transmission Problems of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Zlobin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ohlendorf R, Möglich A. Light-regulated gene expression in Bacteria: Fundamentals, advances, and perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1029403. [PMID: 36312534 PMCID: PMC9614035 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1029403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous photoreceptors and genetic circuits emerged over the past two decades and now enable the light-dependent i.e., optogenetic, regulation of gene expression in bacteria. Prompted by light cues in the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, gene expression can be up- or downregulated stringently, reversibly, non-invasively, and with precision in space and time. Here, we survey the underlying principles, available options, and prominent examples of optogenetically regulated gene expression in bacteria. While transcription initiation and elongation remain most important for optogenetic intervention, other processes e.g., translation and downstream events, were also rendered light-dependent. The optogenetic control of bacterial expression predominantly employs but three fundamental strategies: light-sensitive two-component systems, oligomerization reactions, and second-messenger signaling. Certain optogenetic circuits moved beyond the proof-of-principle and stood the test of practice. They enable unprecedented applications in three major areas. First, light-dependent expression underpins novel concepts and strategies for enhanced yields in microbial production processes. Second, light-responsive bacteria can be optogenetically stimulated while residing within the bodies of animals, thus prompting the secretion of compounds that grant health benefits to the animal host. Third, optogenetics allows the generation of precisely structured, novel biomaterials. These applications jointly testify to the maturity of the optogenetic approach and serve as blueprints bound to inspire and template innovative use cases of light-regulated gene expression in bacteria. Researchers pursuing these lines can choose from an ever-growing, versatile, and efficient toolkit of optogenetic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ohlendorf
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andreas Möglich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- North-Bavarian NMR Center, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Möglich,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Patitaki E, Schivre G, Zioutopoulou A, Perrella G, Bourbousse C, Barneche F, Kaiserli E. Light, chromatin, action: nuclear events regulating light signaling in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:333-349. [PMID: 35949052 PMCID: PMC9826491 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant nucleus provides a major hub for environmental signal integration at the chromatin level. Multiple light signaling pathways operate and exchange information by regulating a large repertoire of gene targets that shape plant responses to a changing environment. In addition to the established role of transcription factors in triggering photoregulated changes in gene expression, there are eminent reports on the significance of chromatin regulators and nuclear scaffold dynamics in promoting light-induced plant responses. Here, we report and discuss recent advances in chromatin-regulatory mechanisms modulating plant architecture and development in response to light, including the molecular and physiological roles of key modifications such as DNA, RNA and histone methylation, and/or acetylation. The significance of the formation of biomolecular condensates of key light signaling components is discussed and potential applications to agricultural practices overviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Patitaki
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Geoffrey Schivre
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParis75005France
- Université Paris‐SaclayOrsay91400France
| | - Anna Zioutopoulou
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Giorgio Perrella
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanVia Giovanni Celoria, 2620133MilanItaly
| | - Clara Bourbousse
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParis75005France
| | - Fredy Barneche
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParis75005France
| | - Eirini Kaiserli
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kochetova GV, Avercheva OV, Bassarskaya EM, Zhigalova TV. Light quality as a driver of photosynthetic apparatus development. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:779-803. [PMID: 36124269 PMCID: PMC9481803 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light provides energy for photosynthesis and also acts as an important environmental signal. During their evolution, plants acquired sophisticated sensory systems for light perception and light-dependent regulation of their growth and development in accordance with the local light environment. Under natural conditions, plants adapted by using their light sensors to finely distinguish direct sunlight and dark in the soil, deep grey shade under the upper soil layer or litter, green shade under the canopy and even lateral green reflectance from neighbours. Light perception also allows plants to evaluate in detail the weather, time of day, day length and thus the season. However, in artificial lighting conditions, plants are confronted with fundamentally different lighting conditions. The advent of new light sources - light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which emit narrow-band light - allows growing plants with light of different spectral bands or their combinations. This sets the task of finding out how light of different quality affects the development and functioning of plants, and in particular, their photosynthetic apparatus (PSA), which is one of the basic processes determining plant yield. In this review, we briefly describe how plants perceive environment light signals by their five families of photoreceptors and by the PSA as a particular light sensor, and how they use this information to form their PSA under artificial narrow-band LED-based lighting of different spectral composition. We consider light regulation of the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic complexes and chloroplast ATP synthase function, PSA photoprotection mechanisms, carbon assimilation reactions and stomatal development and function.
Collapse
|
27
|
UVA-Radiation Exposure of Different Durations Promoted the Growth, Phytochemicals and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis of Chinese Kale. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147619. [PMID: 35886968 PMCID: PMC9320135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A (UVA) (315–400 nm) is an essential environmental signal that regulates plant development and affects phytochemicals biosynthesis, including glucosinolate biosynthesis. The effects of different UVA (380 ± 10 nm, 40 μmol/m2/s) exposure durations, including 0 h/d (UV0), 6 h/d (UV6) and 12 h/d (UV12), on the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) under white 250 μmol/m2/s LEDs were investigated. UVA exposure of different durations influenced the growth and phytochemicals biosynthesis of Chinese kale. Prolonging UVA irradiation throughout the growth cycle positively affected the growth and the development of Chinese kale, with evident increases in the dry weights of shoots and roots, plant height, stem diameter, specific leaf weight and flower budding rate. The application of UVA increased the soluble sugar content, whereas higher flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and lower nitrate content were only observed in Chinese kale exposed to UV6 treatment. Besides, the qPCR assay showed that supplemental UVA-radiation exposure up-regulated the gene expressions of UVR8, transcription factors genes and genes related to the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway, thereby promoting the accumulation of glucosinolates. Therefore, supplemental UVA-radiation exposure for 12 h/d was more conducive to plant growth, while supplemental UVA-radiation exposure for 6 h/d was better for phytochemical biosynthesis in Chinese kale in an artificial-light plant factory.
Collapse
|
28
|
Curtolo F, Arantes GM. Molecular properties and tautomeric equilibria of isolated flavins. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1561-1572. [PMID: 35778728 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Flavins are employed as redox cofactors and chromophores in a plethora of flavoenzymes. Their versatility is an outcome of intrinsic molecular properties of the isoalloxazine ring modulated by the protein scaffold and surrounding solvent. Thus, an investigation of isolated flavins with high-level electronic-structure methods and with error assessment of the calculated properties will contribute to building better models of flavin reactivity. Here, we benchmarked ground-state properties such as electron affinity, gas-phase basicity, dipole moment, torsion energy, and tautomer stability for lumiflavins in all biologically relevant oxidation and charge states. Overall, multiconfigurational effects are small and chemical accuracy is achieved by coupled-cluster treatments of energetic properties. Augmented basis sets and extrapolations to the complete basis-set limit are necessary for consistent agreement with experimental energetics. Among DFT functionals tested, M06-2X shows the best performance for most properties, except gas-phase basicity, in which M06 and CAM-B3LYP perform better. Moreover, dipole moments of radical flavins show large deviations for all functionals studied. Tautomers with noncanonical protonation states are significantly populated at normal temperatures, adding to the complexity of modeling flavins. These results will guide future computational studies of flavoproteins and flavin chemistry by indicating the limitations of electronic-structure methodologies and the contributions of multiple tautomeric states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Curtolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Arantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pompe N, Illarionov B, Fischer M, Bacher A, Weber S. Completing the Picture: Determination of 13C Hyperfine Coupling Constants of Flavin Semiquinone Radicals by Photochemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5160-5167. [PMID: 35658481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic structure of flavin semiquinone radicals in terms of their 13C hyperfine coupling constants. Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) spectroscopy was used to study both the neutral and anionic radical species of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in bulk aqueous solution. Apart from universally 13C-labeled FMN, partially labeled isotopologues are used to increase sensitivity for nuclei exhibiting very small hyperfine couplings and to cope with spectral overlap. In addition, experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations, and implications for the spin density distribution in free flavin radicals are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Pompe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Boris Illarionov
- Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adelbert Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Batcho AA, Nwogwugwu JO, Ali M, Jabbar B, Javaid A, Fellner M. Identification and characterisation of blue light photoreceptor gene family and their expression in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) under cold stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:647-658. [PMID: 35437142 DOI: 10.1071/fp21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana L. photoreceptor genes homologues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genome were analysed using bioinformatic tools. The expression pattern of these genes under cold stress was also evaluated. Transcriptome analysis of the tomato sequence revealed that the photoreceptor gene family is involved in abiotic stress tolerance. They participate in various pathways and controlling multiple metabolic processes. They are structurally related to PAS, LIGHT-OXYGEN-VOLTAGE-SENSING (LOV), DNA photolyase, 5,10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate (MTHF), flavin-binding kelch F-box, GAF, PHY, Seven-bladed β-propeller and C27 domains. They also interact with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), (5S)-5-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-5-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one (FNM) and Phytochromobilin (PϕB) ligands. These interactions help to create a cascade of protein phosphorylation involving in cell defence transcription or stress-regulated genes. They localisation of these gene families on tomato chromosomes appeared to be uneven. Phylogenetic tree of tomato and Arabidopsis photoreceptor gene family were classified into eight subgroups, indicating gene expression diversity. Morphological and physiological assessment revealed no dead plant after 4h of cold treatment. All the plants were found to be alive, but there were some variations in the data across different parameters. Cold stress significantly reduced the rate of photosynthesis from 10.06 to 3.16μmolm-2 s-1 , transpiration from 4.6 to 1.3mmolm-2 s-1 , and stomatal conductance from 94.6 to 25.6mmolm-2 s-1 . The cold stressed plants also had reduced height, root/shoot length, and fresh/dry biomass weight than the control plants. Relative expression analysis under cold stress revealed that after 4h, light stimulates the transcript level of Cry2 from 1.9 to 5.7 and PhyB from 0.98 to 6.9 compared to other photoreceptor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agossa Anicet Batcho
- National University of Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (ENS-UNSTIM), Natitingou, Republic of Benin; and Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc-Holice 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Joy Oluchi Nwogwugwu
- Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Independent Researcher, House No. 280 A/1 Sector F1 Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Javaid
- Independent Researcher, Askari 13, Rawalpandi 46604, Pakistan
| | - Martin Fellner
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc-Holice 783 71, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bracker M, Kubitz MK, Czekelius C, Marian CM, Kleinschmidt M. Computer‐Aided Design of Fluorinated Flavin Derivatives by Modulation of Intersystem Crossing and Fluorescence. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bracker
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Mira K. Kubitz
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Constantin Czekelius
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kang S, Kim JE, Zhen S, Kim J. Mild-Intensity UV-A Radiation Applied Over a Long Duration Can Improve the Growth and Phenolic Contents of Sweet Basil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858433. [PMID: 35519818 PMCID: PMC9062229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UV-A radiation (320-400 nm) is an abiotic stressor that may be used to enhance the production of beneficial secondary metabolites in crops such as leafy vegetables. However, tradeoffs between enhanced phytochemical contents and overall growth/yield reductions have been reported. The responses varied depending on the UV-A intensity, spectral peak, exposure time, species, and varieties. We quantified the changes in growth, morphology, photosynthesis, and phenolic contents of sweet basil grown under a base red/blue/green LED light with four supplemental UV-A intensity treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30 W·m-2) in an indoor environment over 14 days. The objective was to determine whether UV-A radiation could be utilized to improve both yield and quality of high-value sweet basil in a controlled production environment. Biomass harvested at 14 days after treatment (DAT) was highest under mild-intensity UV-A treatment of 10 W·m-2 and lowest under high-intensity UV-A treatment of 30 W·m-2. The total leaf area and the number of leaves were significantly lower under the 30 W·m-2 treatment than under the 10 and 20 W·m-2 treatments at 14 DAT. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) for photochemistry (Fv/Fm ) showed a gradual decrease under the 20 and 30 W·m-2 treatments from 3 to 14 DAT, whereas Fv/Fm remained relatively constant under the 0 and 10 W·m-2 treatments over the entire 14 days. The leaf net photosynthesis rate showed a significant decrease of 17.4% in the 30 W·m-2 treatment compared to that in the 10 W·m-2 treatment at 14 DAT. Phenolic contents (PAL enzyme activity, total phenolic concentration, and antioxidant capacity) were the highest under the 20 W·m-2 treatment, followed by the 10, 30, and 0 W·m-2 treatments. Overall, our results indicate that the biomass production and accumulation of beneficial phenolic compounds in sweet basil varied depending on the intensity and duration of UV-A application. Mild UV-A radiation (10-20 W·m-2) can be a beneficial stressor to improve sweet basil yield and quality over relatively long-term cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Kang
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jo Eun Kim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shuyang Zhen
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jongyun Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Naqvi S, He Q, Trusch F, Qiu H, Pham J, Sun Q, Christie JM, Gilroy EM, Birch PRJ. Blue-light receptor phototropin 1 suppresses immunity to promote Phytophthora infestans infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2282-2293. [PMID: 34923631 PMCID: PMC9255860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blue-light (BL) phototropin receptors (phot1 and phot2) regulate plant growth by activating NPH3/RPT2-like (NRL) family members. Little is known about roles for BL and phots in regulating plant immunity. We showed previously that Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi02860 targets potato (St)NRL1, promoting its ability to enhance susceptibility by facilitating proteasome-mediated degradation of the immune regulator StSWAP70. This raises the question: do BL and phots negatively regulate immunity? We employed coimmunoprecipitation, virus-induced gene silencing, transient overexpression and targeted mutation to investigate contributions of phots to regulating immunity. Whereas transient overexpression of Stphot1 and Stphot2 enhances P. infestans colonization of Nicotiana benthamiana, silencing endogenous Nbphot1 or Nbphot2 reduces infection. Stphot1, but not Stphot2, suppressed the INF1-triggered cell death (ICD) immune response in a BL- and NRL1-dependent manner. Stphot1, when coexpressed with StNRL1, promotes degradation of StSWAP70, whereas Stphot2 does not. Kinase-dead Stphot1 fails to suppress ICD, enhance P. infestans colonization or promote StSWAP70 degradation. Critically, BL enhances P. infestans infection, which probably involves phots but not other BL receptors such as cryptochromes and F-box proteins ZTL1 and FKF1. We demonstrate that Stphot1 and Stphot2 play different roles in promoting susceptibility, and Stphot1 kinase activity is required for BL- and StNRL1-mediated immune suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Naqvi
- Division of Plant SciencesJames Hutton InstituteUniversity of Dundee School of Life SciencesErrol RdInvergowrie, DundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Qin He
- Division of Plant SciencesJames Hutton InstituteUniversity of Dundee School of Life SciencesErrol RdInvergowrie, DundeeDD2 5DAUK
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU)Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Franziska Trusch
- Division of Plant SciencesJames Hutton InstituteUniversity of Dundee School of Life SciencesErrol RdInvergowrie, DundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Huishan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU)Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Jasmine Pham
- Division of Plant SciencesJames Hutton InstituteUniversity of Dundee School of Life SciencesErrol RdInvergowrie, DundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Qingguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU)Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - John M. Christie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems BiologyCollege of Medical, Veterinary, and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Eleanor M. Gilroy
- Cell and Molecular ScienceJames Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, DundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Division of Plant SciencesJames Hutton InstituteUniversity of Dundee School of Life SciencesErrol RdInvergowrie, DundeeDD2 5DAUK
- Cell and Molecular ScienceJames Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, DundeeDD2 5DAUK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ponnu J, Hoecker U. Signaling Mechanisms by Arabidopsis Cryptochromes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844714. [PMID: 35295637 PMCID: PMC8918993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue light photoreceptors that regulate growth, development, and metabolism in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), CRY1 and CRY2 possess partially redundant and overlapping functions. Upon exposure to blue light, the monomeric inactive CRYs undergo phosphorylation and oligomerization, which are crucial to CRY function. Both the N- and C-terminal domains of CRYs participate in light-induced interaction with multiple signaling proteins. These include the COP1/SPA E3 ubiquitin ligase, several transcription factors, hormone signaling intermediates and proteins involved in chromatin-remodeling and RNA N6 adenosine methylation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of Arabidopsis CRY signaling in photomorphogenesis and the recent breakthroughs in Arabidopsis CRY research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ute Hoecker
- *Correspondence: Ute Hoecker, , orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-9777
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paradiso R, Proietti S. Light-Quality Manipulation to Control Plant Growth and Photomorphogenesis in Greenhouse Horticulture: The State of the Art and the Opportunities of Modern LED Systems. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 41:742-780. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLight quantity (intensity and photoperiod) and quality (spectral composition) affect plant growth and physiology and interact with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the plant behaviour. More than providing the energy for photosynthesis, light also dictates specific signals which regulate plant development, shaping and metabolism, in the complex phenomenon of photomorphogenesis, driven by light colours. These are perceived even at very low intensity by five classes of specific photoreceptors, which have been characterized in their biochemical features and physiological roles. Knowledge about plant photomorphogenesis increased dramatically during the last years, also thanks the diffusion of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which offer several advantages compared to the conventional light sources, such as the possibility to tailor the light spectrum and to regulate the light intensity, depending on the specific requirements of the different crops and development stages. This knowledge could be profitably applied in greenhouse horticulture to improve production schedules and crop yield and quality. This article presents a brief overview on the effects of light spectrum of artificial lighting on plant growth and photomorphogenesis in vegetable and ornamental crops, and on the state of the art of the research on LEDs in greenhouse horticulture. Particularly, we analysed these effects by approaching, when possible, each single-light waveband, as most of the review works available in the literature considers the influence of combined spectra.
Collapse
|
36
|
Appolloni E, Pennisi G, Zauli I, Carotti L, Paucek I, Quaini S, Orsini F, Gianquinto G. Beyond vegetables: effects of indoor LED light on specialized metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal and aromatic plants, edible flowers, and microgreens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:472-487. [PMID: 34462916 PMCID: PMC9292972 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites from plants are important for human health due to their antioxidant properties. Light is one of the main factors modulating the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, determining the cascade response activated by photoreceptors and the consequent modulation of expressed genes and biosynthetic pathways. Recent developments in light emitting diode (LED) technology have enabled improvements in artificial light applications for horticulture. In particular, the possibility to select specific spectral light compositions, intensities and photoperiods has been associated with altered metabolite content in a variety of crops. This review aims to analyze the effects of indoor LED lighting recipes and management on the specialized metabolite content in different groups of crop plants (namely medicinal and aromatic plants, microgreens and edible flowers), focusing on the literature from the last 5 years. The literature collection produced a total of 40 papers, which were analyzed according to the effects of artificial LED lighting on the content of anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenols, tocopherols, glycosides, and terpenes, and ranked on a scale of 1 to 3. Most studies applied a combination of red and blue light (22%) or monochromatic blue (23%), with a 16 h day-1 photoperiod (78%) and an intensity greater than 200 μmol m-2 s-1 (77%). These treatment features were often the most efficient in enhancing specialized metabolite content, although large variations in performance were observed, according to the species considered and the compound analyzed. The review aims to provide valuable indications for the definition of the most promising spectral components toward the achievement of nutrient-rich indoor-grown products. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Appolloni
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giuseppina Pennisi
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ilaria Zauli
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Laura Carotti
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ivan Paucek
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giorgio Gianquinto
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang P, Lu S, Liu Z, Zheng T, Dong T, Jin H, Jia H, Fang J. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Effect of LED Light Quality on Fruit Ripening and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabernet Sauvignon Grape. Front Nutr 2022; 8:790697. [PMID: 34970581 PMCID: PMC8713590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different light qualities have various impacts on the formation of fruit quality. The present study explored the influence of different visible light spectra (red, green, blue, and white) on the formation of quality traits and their metabolic pathways in grape berries. We found that blue light and red light had different effects on the berries. Compared with white light, blue light significantly increased the anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside), volatile substances (alcohols and phenols), and soluble sugars (glucose and fructose), reduced the organic acids (citric acid and malic acid), whereas red light achieved the opposite effect. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that 2707, 2547, 2145, and 2583 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and (221, 19), (254, 22), (189, 17), and (234, 80) significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) were filtered in the dark vs. blue light, green light, red light, and white light, respectively. According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, most of the DEGs identified were involved in photosynthesis and biosynthesis of flavonoids and flavonols. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 23410 highly expressed genes, two modules significantly related to anthocyanins and soluble sugars were screened out. The anthocyanins accumulation is significantly associated with increased expression of transcription factors (VvHY5, VvMYB90, VvMYB86) and anthocyanin structural genes (VvC4H, Vv4CL, VvCHS3, VvCHI1, VvCHI2, VvDFR), while significantly negatively correlated with VvPIF4. VvISA1, VvISA2, VvAMY1, VvCWINV, VvβGLU12, and VvFK12 were all related to starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings help elucidate the characteristics of different light qualities on the formation of plant traits and can inform the use of supplemental light in the field and after harvest to improve the overall quality of fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanchun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zeidler M. Analysis of Phytochrome-Dependent Seed Germination in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2494:117-124. [PMID: 35467203 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light-dependent seed germination guarantees seedling proximity to the soil surface, enabling quick photosynthetic energy supply. While seedling hypocotyl length is mainly used in phytochrome physiological assays to determine the functional impact of photoreceptor point mutations, different intracellular localizations, or the function of signal transduction components, phytochrome-controlled seed germination offers a different, very sensitive tool to test the phytochrome photoreceptor network. Photon fluences as low as 1 nmol m-2 are sufficient to elicit the phytochrome A (phyA)-dependent very low fluence response (VLFR), whereas higher fluences (> 10 μmol m-2) are needed to elicit the phyB-controlled and phyB-photoreversible low fluence response (LFR). Taking advantage of the different sensitivities of both phytochromes to different light qualities and quantities, a screening protocol is presented to score germination under different light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Zeidler
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sullivan S, Waksman T, Paliogianni D, Henderson L, Lütkemeyer M, Suetsugu N, Christie JM. Regulation of plant phototropic growth by NPH3/RPT2-like substrate phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6129. [PMID: 34675214 PMCID: PMC8531357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarity underlies all directional growth responses in plants including growth towards the light (phototropism). The plasma-membrane associated protein, NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) is a key determinant of phototropic growth which is regulated by phototropin (phot) AGC kinases. Here we demonstrate that NPH3 is directly phosphorylated by phot1 within a conserved C-terminal consensus sequence (RxS) that is necessary to promote phototropism and petiole positioning in Arabidopsis. RxS phosphorylation also triggers 14-3-3 binding combined with changes in NPH3 phosphorylation and localisation status. Mutants of NPH3 that are unable to bind or constitutively bind 14-3-3 s show compromised functionality consistent with a model where phototropic curvature is established by signalling outputs arising from a gradient of NPH3 RxS phosphorylation across the stem. Our findings therefore establish that NPH3/RPT2-Like (NRL) proteins are phosphorylation targets for plant AGC kinases. Moreover, RxS phosphorylation is conserved in other members of the NRL family, suggesting a common mechanism of regulating plant growth to the prevailing light environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Sullivan
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Thomas Waksman
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dimitra Paliogianni
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Louise Henderson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Melanie Lütkemeyer
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Noriyuki Suetsugu
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - John M Christie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Serrano AM, Vanhaelewyn L, Vandenbussche F, Boccalandro HE, Maldonado B, Van Der Straeten D, Ballaré CL, Arana MV. Cryptochromes are the dominant photoreceptors mediating heliotropic responses of Arabidopsis inflorescences. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3246-3256. [PMID: 34181245 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflorescence movements in response to natural gradients of sunlight are frequently observed in the plant kingdom and are suggested to contribute to reproductive success. Although the physiological and molecular bases of light-mediated tropisms in vegetative organs have been thoroughly investigated, the mechanisms that control inflorescence orientation in response to light gradients under natural conditions are not well understood. In this work, we have used a combination of laboratory and field experiments to investigate light-mediated re-orientation of Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescences. We show that inflorescence phototropism is promoted by photons in the UV and blue spectral range (≤500 nm) and depends on multiple photoreceptor families. Experiments under controlled conditions show that UVR8 is the main photoreceptor mediating the phototropic response to narrowband UV-B radiation, and phototropins and cryptochromes control the response to narrowband blue light. Interestingly, whereas phototropins mediate bending in response to low irradiances of blue, cryptochromes are the principal photoreceptors acting at high irradiances. Moreover, phototropins negatively regulate the action of cryptochromes at high irradiances of blue light. Experiments under natural field conditions demonstrate that cryptochromes are the principal photoreceptors acting in the promotion of the heliotropic response of inflorescences under full sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hernán Esteban Boccalandro
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Belén Maldonado
- Instituto Argentino de Investigación de las Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Luis Ballaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agronomía (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Arana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Łabuz J, Sztatelman O, Jagiełło-Flasińska D, Hermanowicz P, Bażant A, Banaś AK, Bartnicki F, Giza A, Kozłowska A, Lasok H, Sitkiewicz E, Krzeszowiec W, Gabryś H, Strzałka W. Phototropin Interactions with SUMO Proteins. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:693-707. [PMID: 33594440 PMCID: PMC8462379 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of the sumoylation pathway affects processes controlled by the two phototropins (phots) of Arabidopsis thaliana, phot1 and phot2. Phots, plant UVA/blue light photoreceptors, regulate growth responses and fast movements aimed at optimizing photosynthesis, such as phototropism, chloroplast relocations and stomatal opening. Sumoylation is a posttranslational modification, consisting of the addition of a SUMO (SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER) protein to a lysine residue in the target protein. In addition to affecting the stability of proteins, it regulates their activity, interactions and subcellular localization. We examined physiological responses controlled by phots, phototropism and chloroplast movements, in sumoylation pathway mutants. Chloroplast accumulation in response to both continuous and pulse light was enhanced in the E3 ligase siz1 mutant, in a manner dependent on phot2. A significant decrease in phot2 protein abundance was observed in this mutant after blue light treatment both in seedlings and mature leaves. Using plant transient expression and yeast two-hybrid assays, we found that phots interacted with SUMO proteins mainly through their N-terminal parts, which contain the photosensory LOV domains. The covalent modification in phots by SUMO was verified using an Arabidopsis sumoylation system reconstituted in bacteria followed by the mass spectrometry analysis. Lys 297 was identified as the main target of SUMO3 in the phot2 molecule. Finally, sumoylation of phot2 was detected in Arabidopsis mature leaves upon light or heat stress treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Łabuz
- * Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +48 12 664 6902
| | | | - Dominika Jagiełło-Flasińska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Paweł Hermanowicz
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Aneta Bażant
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Filip Bartnicki
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Giza
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Hanna Lasok
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Ewa Sitkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warszawa 02-106, Poland
| | - Weronika Krzeszowiec
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Halina Gabryś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Wojciech Strzałka
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Eggers R, Jammer A, Jha S, Kerschbaumer B, Lahham M, Strandback E, Toplak M, Wallner S, Winkler A, Macheroux P. The scope of flavin-dependent reactions and processes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112822. [PMID: 34118767 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are utilized as coenzymes in many biochemical reduction-oxidation reactions owing to the ability of the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system to employ the oxidized, radical and reduced state. We have analyzed the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana to establish an inventory of genes encoding flavin-dependent enzymes (flavoenzymes) as a basis to explore the range of flavin-dependent biochemical reactions that occur in this model plant. Expectedly, flavoenzymes catalyze many pivotal reactions in primary catabolism, which are connected to the degradation of basic metabolites, such as fatty and amino acids as well as carbohydrates and purines. On the other hand, flavoenzymes play diverse roles in anabolic reactions most notably the biosynthesis of amino acids as well as the biosynthesis of pyrimidines and sterols. Importantly, the role of flavoenzymes goes much beyond these basic reactions and extends into pathways that are equally crucial for plant life, for example the production of natural products. In this context, we outline the participation of flavoenzymes in the biosynthesis and maintenance of cofactors, coenzymes and accessory plant pigments (e. g. carotenoids) as well as phytohormones. Moreover, several multigene families have emerged as important components of plant immunity, for example the family of berberine bridge enzyme-like enzymes, flavin-dependent monooxygenases and NADPH oxidases. Furthermore, the versatility of flavoenzymes is highlighted by their role in reactions leading to tRNA-modifications, chromatin regulation and cellular redox homeostasis. The favorable photochemical properties of the flavin chromophore are exploited by photoreceptors to govern crucial processes of plant adaptation and development. Finally, a sequence- and structure-based approach was undertaken to gain insight into the catalytic role of uncharacterized flavoenzymes indicating their involvement in unknown biochemical reactions and pathways in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinmar Eggers
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Jammer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Shalinee Jha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bianca Kerschbaumer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Majd Lahham
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Emilia Strandback
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Marina Toplak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Winkler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Santin M, Ranieri A, Castagna A. Anything New under the Sun? An Update on Modulation of Bioactive Compounds by Different Wavelengths in Agricultural Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1485. [PMID: 34371687 PMCID: PMC8309429 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants continuously rely on light as an energy source and as the driver of many processes in their lifetimes. The ability to perceive different light radiations involves several photoreceptors, which in turn activate complex signalling cascades that ultimately lead to a rearrangement in plant metabolism as an adaptation strategy towards specific light conditions. This review, after a brief summary of the structure and mode of action of the different photoreceptors, introduces the main classes of secondary metabolites and specifically focuses on the influence played by the different wavelengths on the content of these compounds in agricultural plants, because of their recognised roles as nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rai N, Morales LO, Aphalo PJ. Perception of solar UV radiation by plants: photoreceptors and mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1382-1396. [PMID: 33826733 PMCID: PMC8260113 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
About 95% of the ultraviolet (UV) photons reaching the Earth's surface are UV-A (315-400 nm) photons. Plant responses to UV-A radiation have been less frequently studied than those to UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation. Most previous studies on UV-A radiation have used an unrealistic balance between UV-A, UV-B, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Consequently, results from these studies are difficult to interpret from an ecological perspective, leaving an important gap in our understanding of the perception of solar UV radiation by plants. Previously, it was assumed UV-A/blue photoreceptors, cryptochromes and phototropins mediated photomorphogenic responses to UV-A radiation and "UV-B photoreceptor" UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) to UV-B radiation. However, our understanding of how UV-A radiation is perceived by plants has recently improved. Experiments using a realistic balance between UV-B, UV-A, and PAR have demonstrated that UVR8 can play a major role in the perception of both UV-B and short-wavelength UV-A (UV-Asw, 315 to ∼350 nm) radiation. These experiments also showed that UVR8 and cryptochromes jointly regulate gene expression through interactions that alter the relative sensitivity to UV-B, UV-A, and blue wavelengths. Negative feedback loops on the action of these photoreceptors can arise from gene expression, signaling crosstalk, and absorption of UV photons by phenolic metabolites. These interactions explain why exposure to blue light modulates photomorphogenic responses to UV-B and UV-Asw radiation. Future studies will need to distinguish between short and long wavelengths of UV-A radiation and to consider UVR8's role as a UV-B/UV-Asw photoreceptor in sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Author for communication: . Present address: Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Orlando Morales
- School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center-Biology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro José Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhu J, Wang J, Sheng Y, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Zhao X, Zhang X. Phototropin2-mediated hypocotyl phototropism is negatively regulated by JAC1 and RPT2 in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:289-298. [PMID: 34023643 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl phototropism is redundantly mediated by phot1 and phot2, two blue light receptor phototropins, under the intensity of blue light>1 μmol m-2 s-1. As light intensity increases, phot1 inhibits the phot2-mediated response. To date, only Arabidopsis Root Phototropism2 (RPT2) has been shown to participate in phot1-mediated inhibition of phototropism. To dissect the signaling network that underlies phot1-mediated inhibition, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening assay for RPT2 interacting proteins and identified J-domain protein required for chloroplast accumulation response 1 (JAC1). The interaction between JAC1 and RPT2 was verified by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and Co-IP assays. JAC1 is expressed mainly in cotyledons and hypocotyls. Like RPT2, JAC1 can be induced by blue light, suggesting that it may function similarly to RPT2 in the inhibition of phototropism. Genetic analysis showed that jac1 mutation significantly enhanced the hypocotyl bending of phot1 mutants towards intermediate-intensity blue light, and this effect was inhibited by the constitutive expression of JAC1 in the phot1 jac1 mutant. The phot1 rpt2 double mutant also exhibited enhanced phototropism compared with the phot1 mutant. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate that JAC1 cooperates with RPT2 to negatively regulate hypocotyl phototropism in plants and may act either downstream of or in parallel with phot1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Balcerowicz M, Mahjoub M, Nguyen D, Lan H, Stoeckle D, Conde S, Jaeger KE, Wigge PA, Ezer D. An early-morning gene network controlled by phytochromes and cryptochromes regulates photomorphogenesis pathways in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:983-996. [PMID: 33766657 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light perception at dawn plays a key role in coordinating multiple molecular processes and in entraining the plant circadian clock. The Arabidopsis mutant lacking the main photoreceptors, however, still shows clock entrainment, indicating that the integration of light into the morning transcriptome is not well understood. In this study, we performed a high-resolution RNA-sequencing time-series experiment, sampling every 2 min beginning at dawn. In parallel experiments, we perturbed temperature, the circadian clock, photoreceptor signaling, and chloroplast-derived light signaling. We used these data to infer a gene network that describes the gene expression dynamics after light stimulus in the morning, and then validated key edges. By sampling time points at high density, we are able to identify three light- and temperature-sensitive bursts of transcription factor activity, one of which lasts for only about 8 min. Phytochrome and cryptochrome mutants cause a delay in the transcriptional bursts at dawn, and completely remove a burst of expression in key photomorphogenesis genes (HY5 and BBX family). Our complete network is available online (http://www-users.york.ac.uk/∼de656/dawnBurst/dawnBurst.html). Taken together, our results show that phytochrome and cryptochrome signaling is required for fine-tuning the dawn transcriptional response to light, but separate pathways can robustly activate much of the program in their absence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahiar Mahjoub
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Lan
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Susana Conde
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Katja E Jaeger
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daphne Ezer
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh RK, Bhalerao RP, Eriksson ME. Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:657-678. [PMID: 32470114 PMCID: PMC8033248 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trees cover vast areas of the Earth's landmasses. They mitigate erosion, capture carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and support biodiversity, and also are a source of food, raw materials and energy for human populations. Understanding the growth cycles of trees is fundamental for many areas of research. Trees, like most other organisms, have evolved a circadian clock to synchronize their growth and development with the daily and seasonal cycles of the environment. These regular changes in light, daylength and temperature are perceived via a range of dedicated receptors and cause resetting of the circadian clock to local time. This allows anticipation of daily and seasonal fluctuations and enables trees to co-ordinate their metabolism and physiology to ensure vital processes occur at the optimal times. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of growth and seasonal dormancy in trees, using information drawn from model systems such as Populus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fitzpatrick TB, Noordally Z. Of clocks and coenzymes in plants: intimately connected cycles guiding central metabolism? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:416-432. [PMID: 33264424 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant fitness is a measure of the capacity of a plant to survive and reproduce in its particular environment. It is inherently dependent on plant health. Molecular timekeepers like the circadian clock enhance fitness due to their ability to coordinate biochemical and physiological processes with the environment on a daily basis. Central metabolism underlies these events and it is well established that diel metabolite adjustments are intimately and reciprocally associated with the genetically encoded clock. Thus, metabolic pathway activities are time-of-day regulated. Metabolite rhythms are driven by enzymes, a major proportion of which rely on organic coenzymes to facilitate catalysis. The B vitamin complex is the key provider of coenzymes in all organisms. Emerging evidence suggests that B vitamin levels themselves undergo daily oscillations in animals but has not been studied in any depth in plants. Moreover, it is rarely considered that daily rhythmicity in coenzyme levels may dictate enzyme activity levels and therefore metabolite levels. Here we put forward the proposal that B-vitamin-derived coenzyme rhythmicity is intertwined with metabolic and clock derived rhythmicity to achieve a tripartite homeostasis integrated into plant fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Vitamins and Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Zeenat Noordally
- Vitamins and Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
D'Amico-Damião V, Lúcio JCB, Oliveira R, Gaion LA, Barreto RF, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome 1a depends on blue light fluence rate to mediate osmotic stress responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153374. [PMID: 33626482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The participation of plant cryptochromes in water deficit response mechanisms has been highlighted in several reports. However, the role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) in the blue light fluence-dependent modulation of the water deficit response remains largely elusive. The tomato cry1a mutant and its wild-type counterpart were grown in water (no stress) or PEG6000 (osmotic stress) treatments under white light (60 μmol m-2 s-1) or from low to high blue light fluence (1, 5, 10, 15 and 25 μmol m-2 s-1). We first demonstrate that under nonstress conditions cry1a regulates seedling growth by mechanisms that involve pigmentation, lipid peroxidation and osmoprotectant accumulation in a blue light-dependent manner. In addition, we further highlighted under osmotic stress conditions that cry1a increased tomato growth by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline accumulation. Although blue light is an environmental signal that influences osmotic stress responses mediated by tomato cry1a, specific blue light fluence rates are required during these responses. Here, we show that CRY1a manipulation may be a potential biotechnological target to develop a drought-tolerant tomato variety. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of this phenomenon requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor D'Amico-Damião
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José Clebson Barbosa Lúcio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Oliveira
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Falleiros Carvalho
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Christie JM, Zurbriggen MD. Optogenetics in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3108-3115. [PMID: 33064858 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed the emergence of optogenetics; a field that has given researchers the ability to use light to control biological processes at high spatiotemporal and quantitative resolutions, in a reversible manner with minimal side-effects. Optogenetics has revolutionized the neurosciences, increased our understanding of cellular signalling and metabolic networks and resulted in variety of applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. However, implementing optogenetics in plants has been less straightforward, given their dependency on light for their life cycle. Here, we highlight some of the widely used technologies in microorganisms and animal systems derived from plant photoreceptor proteins and discuss strategies recently implemented to overcome the challenges for using optogenetics in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Christie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|